diff --git a/pmd-java/src/main/resources/rulesets/java/design.xml b/pmd-java/src/main/resources/rulesets/java/design.xml
index 82ca3a6e1a..ca252bdadd 100644
--- a/pmd-java/src/main/resources/rulesets/java/design.xml
+++ b/pmd-java/src/main/resources/rulesets/java/design.xml
@@ -709,8 +709,8 @@ public class Foo {
     </rule>
 
     <rule name="UseLocaleWithCaseConversions"
-   		language="java"
-    		 since="2.0"
+          language="java"
+          since="2.0"
           message="When doing a String.toLowerCase()/toUpperCase() call, use a Locale"
           class="net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.rule.XPathRule"
           externalInfoUrl="${pmd.website.baseurl}/rules/java/design.html#UseLocaleWithCaseConversions">
@@ -724,12 +724,19 @@ have unusual conventions, i.e. Turkish.
             <value>
                 <![CDATA[
 //PrimaryExpression
-[PrimaryPrefix/Name
- [ends-with(@Image, 'toLowerCase') or ends-with(@Image,
-'toUpperCase')]
- ]
-[PrimarySuffix[position() = 1]/Arguments[@ArgumentCount=0]]
-     ]]>
+[
+PrimaryPrefix
+[Name[ends-with(@Image, 'toLowerCase') or ends-with(@Image, 'toUpperCase')]]
+[following-sibling::PrimarySuffix[position() = 1]/Arguments[@ArgumentCount=0]]
+
+or
+
+PrimarySuffix
+[ends-with(@Image, 'toLowerCase') or ends-with(@Image, 'toUpperCase')]
+[following-sibling::PrimarySuffix[position() = 1]/Arguments[@ArgumentCount=0]]
+]
+[not(PrimaryPrefix/Name[ends-with(@Image, 'toHexString')])]
+]]>
             </value>
           </property>
         </properties>
diff --git a/pmd-java/src/test/resources/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/rule/design/xml/UseLocaleWithCaseConversions.xml b/pmd-java/src/test/resources/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/rule/design/xml/UseLocaleWithCaseConversions.xml
index 4cee71e5e2..391d847754 100644
--- a/pmd-java/src/test/resources/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/rule/design/xml/UseLocaleWithCaseConversions.xml
+++ b/pmd-java/src/test/resources/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/rule/design/xml/UseLocaleWithCaseConversions.xml
@@ -59,4 +59,20 @@ public class Foo {
 }
      ]]></code>
     </test-code>
+
+    <test-code>
+        <description>#1556 [java] UseLocaleWithCaseConversions does not works with `ResultSet` (false negative)</description>
+        <expected-problems>1</expected-problems>
+        <code><![CDATA[
+import java.sql.*;
+
+final class Test {
+  private Test() { }
+
+  public static String foo(ResultSet r) throws SQLException {
+    return r.getString("bar").toLowerCase();
+  }
+}
+        ]]></code>
+    </test-code>
 </test-data>
diff --git a/src/site/markdown/overview/changelog.md b/src/site/markdown/overview/changelog.md
index db574ad84d..7605d757e4 100644
--- a/src/site/markdown/overview/changelog.md
+++ b/src/site/markdown/overview/changelog.md
@@ -184,6 +184,7 @@ to avoid XSS attacks.
     *   [#1545](https://sourceforge.net/p/pmd/bugs/1545/): \[java] Symbol Table fails to resolve inner classes
 *   java-design
     *   [#1552](https://sourceforge.net/p/pmd/bugs/1552/): \[java] MissingBreakInSwitch - False positive for continue
+    *   [#1556](https://sourceforge.net/p/pmd/bugs/1556/): \[java] UseLocaleWithCaseConversions does not works with `ResultSet` (false negative)
     *   [#177](https://github.com/pmd/pmd/issues/177): \[java] SingularField with lambdas as final fields
 *   java-imports
     *   [#1546](https://sourceforge.net/p/pmd/bugs/1546/): \[java] UnnecessaryFullyQualifiedNameRule doesn't take into consideration conflict resolution