diff --git a/pmd-core/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/Rule.java b/pmd-core/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/Rule.java
index c3e91db4da..f9d8f249a2 100644
--- a/pmd-core/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/Rule.java
+++ b/pmd-core/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/Rule.java
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
 
 package net.sourceforge.pmd;
 
+import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Set;
 
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.annotation.Experimental;
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.Language;
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.ParserOptions;
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.ast.AstProcessingStage;
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.ast.Node;
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.rule.internal.TargetSelectionStrategy;
+import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.rule.internal.TargetSelectionStrategy.ClassRulechainVisits;
+import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.rule.internal.TargetSelectionStrategy.StringRulechainVisits;
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.properties.PropertySource;
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.properties.StringProperty;
 
@@ -289,57 +291,20 @@ public interface Rule extends PropertySource {
 
 
     /**
-     * Gets whether this Rule uses the RuleChain.
-     *
-     * @return <code>true</code> if RuleChain is used.
+     * Returns the object that selects the nodes to which this rule applies
+     * in a tree.
      */
-    default boolean isRuleChain() {
-        return !getRuleChainVisits().isEmpty() || !getClassRuleChainVisits().isEmpty();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the collection of AST node names visited by the Rule on the
-     * RuleChain.
-     *
-     * @return the list of AST node names
-     */
-    Set<String> getRuleChainVisits();
-
-
-    Set<Class<?>> getClassRuleChainVisits();
-
-
-    /**
-     * Adds an AST node by class to be visited by the Rule on the RuleChain.
-     *
-     * @param nodeClass
-     *            the AST node to add to the RuleChain visit list
-     */
-    void addRuleChainVisit(Class<? extends Node> nodeClass);
-
-    /**
-     * Adds an AST node by XPath name to be visited by the Rule on the RuleChain.
-     *
-     * @param astNodeName
-     *            the XPath name of the node to add to the RuleChain visit list
-     *
-     * @see Node#getXPathNodeName()
-     */
-    void addRuleChainVisit(String astNodeName);
-
-
     TargetSelectionStrategy getTargetingStrategy();
 
 
     /**
      * Start processing. Called once, before apply() is first called.
      *
-     * @param ctx
-     *            the rule context
+     * @param ctx the rule context
      */
     void start(RuleContext ctx);
 
+
     /**
      * Apply this rule to the given collection of nodes, using the given
      * context.
@@ -365,4 +330,25 @@ public interface Rule extends PropertySource {
      * @return A new exact copy of this rule
      */
     Rule deepCopy();
+
+
+    static TargetSelectionStrategy visitNodesNamed(Collection<String> names) {
+        if (names.isEmpty()) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot visit zero nodes");
+        }
+        return new StringRulechainVisits(names);
+    }
+
+
+    static TargetSelectionStrategy visitNodesWithType(Collection<Class<?>> types) {
+        if (types.isEmpty()) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot visit zero types");
+        }
+        return new ClassRulechainVisits(types);
+    }
+
+
+    static TargetSelectionStrategy visitRootOnly() {
+        return ClassRulechainVisits.ROOT_ONLY;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/pmd-core/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/RuleSets.java b/pmd-core/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/RuleSets.java
index 8178803085..995569bcd0 100644
--- a/pmd-core/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/RuleSets.java
+++ b/pmd-core/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/RuleSets.java
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 
-import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.Language;
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.ast.Node;
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.rule.internal.RuleApplicator;
 
diff --git a/pmd-core/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/rule/AbstractDelegateRule.java b/pmd-core/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/rule/AbstractDelegateRule.java
index 5fa2ad503e..7ccb154704 100644
--- a/pmd-core/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/rule/AbstractDelegateRule.java
+++ b/pmd-core/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/rule/AbstractDelegateRule.java
@@ -235,31 +235,6 @@ public abstract class AbstractDelegateRule implements Rule {
         return rule.getPropertiesByPropertyDescriptor();
     }
 
-    @Override
-    public boolean isRuleChain() {
-        return rule.isRuleChain();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public Set<String> getRuleChainVisits() {
-        return rule.getRuleChainVisits();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public Set<Class<?>> getClassRuleChainVisits() {
-        return rule.getClassRuleChainVisits();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void addRuleChainVisit(Class<? extends Node> nodeClass) {
-        rule.addRuleChainVisit(nodeClass);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void addRuleChainVisit(String astNodeName) {
-        rule.addRuleChainVisit(astNodeName);
-    }
-
     @Override
     public TargetSelectionStrategy getTargetingStrategy() {
         return rule.getTargetingStrategy();
diff --git a/pmd-core/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/rule/AbstractRule.java b/pmd-core/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/rule/AbstractRule.java
index f11b0cae4f..058689f701 100644
--- a/pmd-core/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/rule/AbstractRule.java
+++ b/pmd-core/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/rule/AbstractRule.java
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.ast.Node;
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.ast.RootNode;
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.rule.internal.TargetSelectionStrategy;
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.rule.internal.TargetSelectionStrategy.ClassRulechainVisits;
-import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.rule.internal.TargetSelectionStrategy.StringRulechainVisits;
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.properties.AbstractPropertySource;
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.properties.PropertyDescriptor;
 
@@ -235,53 +234,37 @@ public abstract class AbstractRule extends AbstractPropertySource implements Rul
         return new ParserOptions();
     }
 
-    @Override
-    public boolean isRuleChain() {
-        return !getRuleChainVisits().isEmpty();
-    }
 
-    @Override
-    public Set<String> getRuleChainVisits() {
-        return ruleChainVisits;
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public Set<Class<?>> getClassRuleChainVisits() {
+    protected Set<Class<?>> getClassRuleChainVisits() {
         if (classRuleChainVisits.isEmpty() && ruleChainVisits.isEmpty()) {
             return Collections.singleton(RootNode.class);
         }
         return classRuleChainVisits;
     }
 
-    @Override
-    public void addRuleChainVisit(Class<? extends Node> nodeClass) {
+
+    /**
+     * @deprecated Override {@link #buildTargetingStrategy()}, this is
+     *     provided for legacy compatibility
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    protected void addRuleChainVisit(Class<? extends Node> nodeClass) {
         classRuleChainVisits.add(nodeClass);
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void addRuleChainVisit(String astNodeName) {
-        ruleChainVisits.add(astNodeName);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public TargetSelectionStrategy getTargetingStrategy() {
+    public final TargetSelectionStrategy getTargetingStrategy() {
         if (myStrategy == null) {
-            myStrategy = buildSelectionStrat();
+            myStrategy = buildTargetingStrategy();
         }
         return myStrategy;
     }
 
     @NonNull
-    private TargetSelectionStrategy buildSelectionStrat() {
-        Set<String> rvs = getRuleChainVisits();
+    protected TargetSelectionStrategy buildTargetingStrategy() {
         Set<Class<?>> crvs = getClassRuleChainVisits();
-        if (rvs.isEmpty() && crvs.isEmpty()) {
-            return ClassRulechainVisits.ROOT_ONLY;
-        } else if (rvs.isEmpty()) {
-            return new ClassRulechainVisits(crvs);
-        } else {
-            return new StringRulechainVisits(rvs);
-        }
+        return crvs.isEmpty() ? ClassRulechainVisits.ROOT_ONLY
+                              : Rule.visitNodesWithType(crvs);
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -426,4 +409,6 @@ public abstract class AbstractRule extends AbstractPropertySource implements Rul
         }
         return rule;
     }
+
+
 }
diff --git a/pmd-core/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/rule/XPathRule.java b/pmd-core/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/rule/XPathRule.java
index f790c0874f..a2fb25a23d 100644
--- a/pmd-core/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/rule/XPathRule.java
+++ b/pmd-core/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/rule/XPathRule.java
@@ -13,16 +13,17 @@ import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Objects;
-import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.logging.Level;
 import java.util.logging.Logger;
 
 import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
+import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.NonNull;
 
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.Rule;
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.RuleContext;
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.ast.AstProcessingStage;
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.ast.Node;
+import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.rule.internal.TargetSelectionStrategy;
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.ast.xpath.internal.DeprecatedAttrLogger;
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.rule.xpath.JaxenXPathRuleQuery;
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.rule.xpath.SaxonXPathRuleQuery;
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ public class XPathRule extends AbstractRule {
             .build();
 
     /**
-     * This is initialized only once when calling {@link #evaluate(Node, RuleContext)} or {@link #getRuleChainVisits()}.
+     * This is initialized only once when calling {@link #evaluate(Node, RuleContext)} {@link #getTargetingStrategy()}.
      */
     private XPathRuleQuery xpathRuleQuery;
 
@@ -216,16 +217,17 @@ public class XPathRule extends AbstractRule {
     }
 
     @Override
-    public Set<String> getRuleChainVisits() {
+    protected @NonNull TargetSelectionStrategy buildTargetingStrategy() {
         if (xPathRuleQueryNeedsInitialization()) {
             initXPathRuleQuery();
-
-            for (String nodeName : xpathRuleQuery.getRuleChainVisits()) {
-                super.addRuleChainVisit(nodeName);
-            }
-            logXPathRuleChainUsage(!xpathRuleQuery.getRuleChainVisits().isEmpty());
         }
-        return super.getRuleChainVisits();
+
+        List<String> visits = xpathRuleQuery.getRuleChainVisits();
+
+        logXPathRuleChainUsage(!visits.isEmpty());
+
+        return visits.isEmpty() ? Rule.visitRootOnly()
+                                : Rule.visitNodesNamed(visits);
     }
 
 
diff --git a/pmd-core/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/rule/internal/TargetSelectionStrategy.java b/pmd-core/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/rule/internal/TargetSelectionStrategy.java
index e9c1097032..e3f9f84426 100644
--- a/pmd-core/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/rule/internal/TargetSelectionStrategy.java
+++ b/pmd-core/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/rule/internal/TargetSelectionStrategy.java
@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@
 package net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.rule.internal;
 
 
+import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.Set;
 
@@ -28,8 +30,8 @@ public abstract class TargetSelectionStrategy {
 
         private final Set<String> visits;
 
-        public StringRulechainVisits(Set<String> visits) {
-            this.visits = visits;
+        public StringRulechainVisits(Collection<String> visits) {
+            this.visits = new HashSet<>(visits);
         }
 
 
@@ -43,13 +45,12 @@ public abstract class TargetSelectionStrategy {
 
         public static final TargetSelectionStrategy ROOT_ONLY = new ClassRulechainVisits(Collections.singleton(RootNode.class));
 
-        private final Set<? extends Class<?>> visits;
+        private final Set<Class<?>> visits;
 
-        public ClassRulechainVisits(Set<? extends Class<?>> visits) {
-            this.visits = visits;
+        public ClassRulechainVisits(Collection<Class<?>> visits) {
+            this.visits = new HashSet<>(visits);
         }
 
-
         @Override
         Iterator<? extends Node> getVisitedNodes(NodeIdx index) {
             return index.getByClass(visits).iterator();
diff --git a/pmd-core/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/util/CollectionUtil.java b/pmd-core/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/util/CollectionUtil.java
index 642b6a3098..f3e32550af 100644
--- a/pmd-core/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/util/CollectionUtil.java
+++ b/pmd-core/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/util/CollectionUtil.java
@@ -183,15 +183,6 @@ public final class CollectionUtil {
         return map;
     }
 
-
-    @SafeVarargs
-    public static <T> Set<T> setOf(T first, T... ts) {
-        LinkedHashSet<T> set = new LinkedHashSet<>(ts.length + 1);
-        set.add(first);
-        Collections.addAll(set, ts);
-        return set;
-    }
-
     /**
      * Consumes all the elements of the iterator and
      * returns a list containing them. The iterator is
diff --git a/pmd-core/src/test/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/AbstractRuleTest.java b/pmd-core/src/test/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/AbstractRuleTest.java
index 276c8d306c..df36b33a60 100644
--- a/pmd-core/src/test/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/AbstractRuleTest.java
+++ b/pmd-core/src/test/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/AbstractRuleTest.java
@@ -221,7 +221,6 @@ public class AbstractRuleTest {
         assertEquals(r1.getName(), r2.getName());
         assertEquals(r1.getPriority(), r2.getPriority());
         assertEquals(r1.getPropertyDescriptors(), r2.getPropertyDescriptors());
-        assertEquals(r1.getRuleChainVisits(), r2.getRuleChainVisits());
         assertEquals(r1.getRuleClass(), r2.getRuleClass());
         assertEquals(r1.getRuleSetName(), r2.getRuleSetName());
         assertEquals(r1.getSince(), r2.getSince());
diff --git a/pmd-core/src/test/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/FooRule.java b/pmd-core/src/test/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/FooRule.java
index 6d37897942..cfdd90b706 100644
--- a/pmd-core/src/test/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/FooRule.java
+++ b/pmd-core/src/test/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/FooRule.java
@@ -4,22 +4,33 @@
 
 package net.sourceforge.pmd;
 
+import static net.sourceforge.pmd.util.CollectionUtil.setOf;
+
 import java.util.List;
 
+import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.NonNull;
+
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.DummyLanguageModule;
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.LanguageRegistry;
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.ast.Node;
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.rule.AbstractRule;
+import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.rule.internal.TargetSelectionStrategy;
 
 /**
  * Sample rule that detect any node with an image of "Foo". Used for testing.
  */
 public class FooRule extends AbstractRule {
+
     public FooRule() {
         setLanguage(LanguageRegistry.getLanguage(DummyLanguageModule.NAME));
         setName("Foo");
     }
 
+    @Override
+    protected @NonNull TargetSelectionStrategy buildTargetingStrategy() {
+        return Rule.visitNodesNamed(setOf("dummyNode"));
+    }
+
     @Override
     public String getMessage() {
         return "blah";
diff --git a/pmd-core/src/test/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/RuleSetTest.java b/pmd-core/src/test/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/RuleSetTest.java
index fffff19bd1..1b4b0fdddb 100644
--- a/pmd-core/src/test/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/RuleSetTest.java
+++ b/pmd-core/src/test/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/RuleSetTest.java
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 package net.sourceforge.pmd;
 
+import static net.sourceforge.pmd.util.CollectionUtil.setOf;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ import java.util.Random;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.regex.Pattern;
 
+import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.NonNull;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.Report.ProcessingError;
@@ -35,6 +37,7 @@ import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.ast.DummyRoot;
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.ast.Node;
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.rule.MockRule;
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.rule.RuleReference;
+import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.rule.internal.TargetSelectionStrategy;
 
 public class RuleSetTest {
 
@@ -402,8 +405,6 @@ public class RuleSetTest {
         Rule rule = new FooRule();
         rule.setName("FooRule1");
         rule.setLanguage(LanguageRegistry.getLanguage(DummyLanguageModule.NAME));
-        rule.addRuleChainVisit("dummyRootNode");
-        assertTrue("RuleChain rule", rule.isRuleChain());
         RuleSet ruleSet1 = createRuleSetBuilder("RuleSet1")
                 .addRule(rule)
                 .build();
@@ -446,7 +447,6 @@ public class RuleSetTest {
         Rule rule = new FooRule();
         rule.setName("FooRule1");
         rule.setLanguage(LanguageRegistry.getLanguage(DummyLanguageModule.NAME));
-        rule.addRuleChainVisit("dummyNode");
         RuleSet ruleSet1 = createRuleSetBuilder("RuleSet1")
                 .addRule(rule)
                 .build();
@@ -568,8 +568,10 @@ public class RuleSetTest {
     @Test
     public void ruleExceptionShouldNotStopProcessingFileWithRuleChain() {
         RuleSet ruleset = createRuleSetBuilder("ruleExceptionShouldBeReported").addRule(new MockRule() {
-            {
-                addRuleChainVisit("dummyRootNode");
+
+            @Override
+            protected @NonNull TargetSelectionStrategy buildTargetingStrategy() {
+                return Rule.visitNodesNamed(setOf("dummyRootNode"));
             }
 
             @Override
@@ -577,8 +579,10 @@ public class RuleSetTest {
                 throw new RuntimeException("Test exception while applying rule");
             }
         }).addRule(new MockRule() {
-            {
-                addRuleChainVisit("dummyRootNode");
+
+            @Override
+            protected @NonNull TargetSelectionStrategy buildTargetingStrategy() {
+                return Rule.visitNodesNamed(setOf("dummyRootNode"));
             }
 
             @Override
diff --git a/pmd-java/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/rule/codestyle/FormalParameterNamingConventionsRule.java b/pmd-java/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/rule/codestyle/FormalParameterNamingConventionsRule.java
index 4a78682992..65d297ee30 100644
--- a/pmd-java/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/rule/codestyle/FormalParameterNamingConventionsRule.java
+++ b/pmd-java/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/rule/codestyle/FormalParameterNamingConventionsRule.java
@@ -5,9 +5,14 @@
 package net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.java.rule.codestyle;
 
 
+import static net.sourceforge.pmd.util.CollectionUtil.setOf;
+
 import java.util.regex.Pattern;
 
+import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.NonNull;
+
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.java.ast.ASTVariableDeclaratorId;
+import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.rule.internal.TargetSelectionStrategy;
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.properties.PropertyDescriptor;
 
 
@@ -34,10 +39,12 @@ public final class FormalParameterNamingConventionsRule extends AbstractNamingCo
         definePropertyDescriptor(finalFormalParamRegex);
         definePropertyDescriptor(lambdaParamRegex);
         definePropertyDescriptor(explicitLambdaParamRegex);
-
-        addRuleChainVisit(ASTVariableDeclaratorId.class);
     }
 
+    @Override
+    protected @NonNull TargetSelectionStrategy buildTargetingStrategy() {
+        return visitNodesWithType(setOf(ASTVariableDeclaratorId.class));
+    }
 
     @Override
     public Object visit(ASTVariableDeclaratorId node, Object data) {
diff --git a/pmd-test/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/AbstractLanguageVersionTest.java b/pmd-test/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/AbstractLanguageVersionTest.java
index 0827d2aa03..f1a4417601 100644
--- a/pmd-test/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/AbstractLanguageVersionTest.java
+++ b/pmd-test/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/AbstractLanguageVersionTest.java
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ public class AbstractLanguageVersionTest {
     @Test
     public void testOldRegisteredRulesets() throws Exception {
         // only check for languages, that support rules
-        if (expected == null || expected.getLanguage().getRuleChainVisitorClass() == null) {
+        if (expected == null) {
             return;
         }
 
diff --git a/pmd-test/src/test/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/testframework/RuleTstTest.java b/pmd-test/src/test/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/testframework/RuleTstTest.java
index 815d3562ce..be273637a5 100644
--- a/pmd-test/src/test/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/testframework/RuleTstTest.java
+++ b/pmd-test/src/test/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/testframework/RuleTstTest.java
@@ -43,13 +43,14 @@ public class RuleTstTest {
         Report report = new Report();
         when(rule.getLanguage()).thenReturn(dummyLanguage.getLanguage());
         when(rule.getName()).thenReturn("test rule");
+        when(rule.getTargetingStrategy()).thenReturn(Rule.visitRootOnly());
 
         ruleTester.runTestFromString("the code", rule, report, dummyLanguage, false);
 
         verify(rule).start(any(RuleContext.class));
         verify(rule).end(any(RuleContext.class));
-        verify(rule, times(2)).getLanguage();
-        verify(rule, times(2)).isRuleChain();
+        verify(rule).getLanguage();
+        verify(rule).getTargetingStrategy();
         verify(rule).getMinimumLanguageVersion();
         verify(rule).getMaximumLanguageVersion();
         verify(rule).apply(anyList(), any(RuleContext.class));
@@ -62,6 +63,8 @@ public class RuleTstTest {
     public void shouldAssertLinenumbersSorted() {
         when(rule.getLanguage()).thenReturn(dummyLanguage.getLanguage());
         when(rule.getName()).thenReturn("test rule");
+        when(rule.getTargetingStrategy()).thenReturn(Rule.visitRootOnly());
+
         Mockito.doAnswer(new Answer<Void>() {
             private RuleViolation createViolation(RuleContext context, int beginLine, String message) {
                 DummyNode node = new DummyNode();