diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile index edadf8a4e7a..609a17418fc 100644 --- a/Makefile +++ b/Makefile @@ -232,10 +232,10 @@ help: @echo " compdb - (re)generate compile_commands.json" @echo " checkstyle - check coding style" @echo " checkstyle-commit - check commit message format" - @echo " checkstyle-test - check test framework coding style" - @echo " checkstyle-test-diff - check test framework coding style (only changed files)" + @echo " checkstyle-python - check python coding style using 'black' formatter" @echo " checkstyle-api - check api for incompatible changes" @echo " fixstyle - fix coding style" + @echo " fixstyle-python - fix python coding style using 'black' formatter" @echo " doxygen - DEPRECATED - use 'make docs'" @echo " bootstrap-doxygen - DEPRECATED" @echo " wipe-doxygen - DEPRECATED" @@ -501,13 +501,17 @@ test-wipe-cov: test-wipe-all: @make -C test wipe-all +# Note: All python venv consolidated in test/Makefile, test/requirements*.txt .PHONY: test-checkstyle test-checkstyle: - @make -C test checkstyle + $(warning test-checkstyle is deprecated. Running checkstyle-python.") + @make -C test checkstyle-python-all +# Note: All python venv consolidated in test/Makefile, test/requirements*.txt .PHONY: test-checkstyle-diff test-checkstyle-diff: - @make -C test checkstyle-diff + $(warning test-checkstyle-diff is deprecated. Running checkstyle-python.") + @make -C test checkstyle-python-all .PHONY: test-refresh-deps test-refresh-deps: @@ -664,15 +668,27 @@ checkstyle-commit: @extras/scripts/check_commit_msg.sh .PHONY: checkstyle-test -checkstyle-test: test-checkstyle +checkstyle-test: + $(warning test-checkstyle is deprecated. Running checkstyle-python.") + @make -C test checkstyle-python-all + +# Note: All python venv consolidated in test/Makefile, test/requirements*.txt +.PHONY: checkstyle-python +checkstyle-python: + @make -C test checkstyle-python-all .PHONY: checkstyle-all -checkstyle-all: checkstyle-commit checkstyle checkstyle-test +checkstyle-all: checkstyle-commit checkstyle checkstyle-python .PHONY: fixstyle fixstyle: @extras/scripts/checkstyle.sh --fix +# Note: All python venv consolidated in test/Makefile, test/requirements*.txt +.PHONY: fixstyle-python +fixstyle-python: + @make -C test fixstyle-python-all + .PHONY: checkstyle-api checkstyle-api: @extras/scripts/crcchecker.py --check-patchset diff --git a/docs/_scripts/filter_api.py b/docs/_scripts/filter_api.py index 484881439b8..e22bc5e50f5 100755 --- a/docs/_scripts/filter_api.py +++ b/docs/_scripts/filter_api.py @@ -24,9 +24,10 @@ if len(sys.argv) < 2: patterns = [ # Search for "define" blocks and treat them as structs - (re.compile(r"^.*(manual_.[^\s]+\s+)?define\s+(?P[^\s]+)"), - r"typedef struct vl_api_\g_t"), - + ( + re.compile(r"^.*(manual_.[^\s]+\s+)?define\s+(?P[^\s]+)"), + r"typedef struct vl_api_\g_t", + ), # For every "brief" statement at the start of a comment block, add an # xref with whatever is on the same line. This gives us an index page # with all the API methods in one place. @@ -36,14 +37,13 @@ patterns = [ # r'/** @xrefitem api "" "VPP API" \g \g \g'), # capture inline comment close # (re.compile(r"/\*\*\s*(?P[\\@]brief)\s+(?P.+)$"), # r'/** @xrefitem api "" "VPP API" \g \g \g'), - # Since structs don't have params, replace @param with @tparam - ( re.compile("[\\@]param\\b"), "@tparam"), + (re.compile("[\\@]param\\b"), "@tparam"), ] with open(sys.argv[1]) as fd: for line in fd: - str = line[:-1] # strip \n + str = line[:-1] # strip \n for p in patterns: str = p[0].sub(p[1], str) - sys.stdout.write(str+"\n") + sys.stdout.write(str + "\n") diff --git a/docs/_scripts/filter_c.py b/docs/_scripts/filter_c.py index 897f9f6d0b3..d3e7ee38762 100755 --- a/docs/_scripts/filter_c.py +++ b/docs/_scripts/filter_c.py @@ -23,51 +23,82 @@ if len(sys.argv) < 2: replace_patterns = [ # Search for VLIB_CLI_COMMAND, extract its parameters and add a docblock for it - ( re.compile("(?PVLIB_CLI_COMMAND)\s*[(](?P[a-zA-Z0-9_]+)[)]"), - r"/** @brief (@em constructor) \g (\g) */ vlib_cli_command_t \g"), - ( re.compile("(?PVLIB_CLI_COMMAND)\s*[(](?P[a-zA-Z0-9_]+),\s*(?P[^)]*)[)]"), - r"/** @brief (@em constructor) \g (\g) */ \g vlib_cli_command_t \g"), - + ( + re.compile("(?PVLIB_CLI_COMMAND)\s*[(](?P[a-zA-Z0-9_]+)[)]"), + r"/** @brief (@em constructor) \g (\g) */ vlib_cli_command_t \g", + ), + ( + re.compile( + "(?PVLIB_CLI_COMMAND)\s*[(](?P[a-zA-Z0-9_]+),\s*(?P[^)]*)[)]" + ), + r"/** @brief (@em constructor) \g (\g) */ \g vlib_cli_command_t \g", + ), # Search for VLIB_REGISTER_NODE, extract its parameters and add a docblock for it - ( re.compile("(?PVLIB_REGISTER_NODE)\s*[(](?P[a-zA-Z0-9_]+)[)]"), - r"/** @brief (@em constructor) \g (\g) */ vlib_node_registration_t \g"), - ( re.compile("(?PVLIB_REGISTER_NODE)\s*[(](?P[a-zA-Z0-9_]+),\s*(?P[^)]*)[)]"), - r"/** @brief (@em constructor) \g (\g) */ \g vlib_node_registration_t \g"), - + ( + re.compile("(?PVLIB_REGISTER_NODE)\s*[(](?P[a-zA-Z0-9_]+)[)]"), + r"/** @brief (@em constructor) \g (\g) */ vlib_node_registration_t \g", + ), + ( + re.compile( + "(?PVLIB_REGISTER_NODE)\s*[(](?P[a-zA-Z0-9_]+),\s*(?P[^)]*)[)]" + ), + r"/** @brief (@em constructor) \g (\g) */ \g vlib_node_registration_t \g", + ), # Search for VLIB_INIT_FUNCTION, extract its parameter and add a docblock for it - ( re.compile("(?PVLIB_INIT_FUNCTION)\s*[(](?P[a-zA-Z0-9_]+)[)]"), - r"/** @brief (@em constructor) \g (@ref \g) */ vlib_init_function_t * _vlib_init_function_\g"), - ( re.compile("(?PVLIB_DECLARE_INIT_FUNCTION)\s*[(](?P[a-zA-Z0-9_]+)[)]"), - r"/** @brief (@em constructor) \g (@ref \g) */ vlib_init_function_t * _vlib_init_function_\g"), - + ( + re.compile("(?PVLIB_INIT_FUNCTION)\s*[(](?P[a-zA-Z0-9_]+)[)]"), + r"/** @brief (@em constructor) \g (@ref \g) */ vlib_init_function_t * _vlib_init_function_\g", + ), + ( + re.compile("(?PVLIB_DECLARE_INIT_FUNCTION)\s*[(](?P[a-zA-Z0-9_]+)[)]"), + r"/** @brief (@em constructor) \g (@ref \g) */ vlib_init_function_t * _vlib_init_function_\g", + ), # Search for VLIB_LOOP_ENTER_FUNCTION, extract the parameters and add a docblock for it - ( re.compile("(?PVLIB_MAIN_LOOP_ENTER_FUNCTION)\s*[(](?P[a-zA-Z0-9_]+)(,[^)]*)?[)]"), - r"/** @brief (@em constructor) \g (@ref \g) */ _vlib_main_loop_enter_\g"), - ( re.compile("(?PVLIB_MAIN_LOOP_EXIT_FUNCTION)\s*[(](?P[a-zA-Z0-9_]+)(,[^)]*)?[)]"), - r"/** @brief (@em constructor) \g (@ref \g) */ _vlib_main_loop_exit_\g"), - + ( + re.compile( + "(?PVLIB_MAIN_LOOP_ENTER_FUNCTION)\s*[(](?P[a-zA-Z0-9_]+)(,[^)]*)?[)]" + ), + r"/** @brief (@em constructor) \g (@ref \g) */ _vlib_main_loop_enter_\g", + ), + ( + re.compile( + "(?PVLIB_MAIN_LOOP_EXIT_FUNCTION)\s*[(](?P[a-zA-Z0-9_]+)(,[^)]*)?[)]" + ), + r"/** @brief (@em constructor) \g (@ref \g) */ _vlib_main_loop_exit_\g", + ), # Search for VLIB_CONFIG_FUNCTION, extract the parameters and add a docblock for it - ( re.compile("(?PVLIB_CONFIG_FUNCTION)\s*[(](?P[a-zA-Z0-9_]+),\s*(?P\"[^\"]+\")(,[^)]*)?[)]"), - r"/** @brief (@em constructor) \g (\g, \g) */ vlib_config_function_runtime_t _vlib_config_function_\g"), - ( re.compile("(?PVLIB_EARLY_CONFIG_FUNCTION)\s*[(](?P[a-zA-Z0-9_]+),\s*(?P\"[^\"]+\")(,[^)]*)?[)]"), - r"/** @brief (@em constructor) \g (\g, \g) */ vlib_config_function_runtime_t _vlib_config_function_\g"), - + ( + re.compile( + '(?PVLIB_CONFIG_FUNCTION)\s*[(](?P[a-zA-Z0-9_]+),\s*(?P"[^"]+")(,[^)]*)?[)]' + ), + r"/** @brief (@em constructor) \g (\g, \g) */ vlib_config_function_runtime_t _vlib_config_function_\g", + ), + ( + re.compile( + '(?PVLIB_EARLY_CONFIG_FUNCTION)\s*[(](?P[a-zA-Z0-9_]+),\s*(?P"[^"]+")(,[^)]*)?[)]' + ), + r"/** @brief (@em constructor) \g (\g, \g) */ vlib_config_function_runtime_t _vlib_config_function_\g", + ), # Search for "format_thing" and "unformat_thing" when used as a function pointer and add parens - ( re.compile("(?P
(^|,)\s*)(?P(un)?format_[a-zA-Z0-9_]+)(?P\s*(,|$))"),
-        r"\g
\g()\g" ),
-
+    (
+        re.compile(
+            "(?P
(^|,)\s*)(?P(un)?format_[a-zA-Z0-9_]+)(?P\s*(,|$))"
+        ),
+        r"\g
\g()\g",
+    ),
     # Search for CLIB_PAD_FROM_TO(...); and replace with padding
     # #define CLIB_PAD_FROM_TO(from,to) u8 pad_##from[(to) - (from)]
-    ( re.compile("(?PCLIB_PAD_FROM_TO)\s*[(](?P[^,]+),\s*(?P[^)]+)[)]"),
-        r"/** Padding. */ u8 pad_\g[(\g) - (\g)]" ),
-
+    (
+        re.compile("(?PCLIB_PAD_FROM_TO)\s*[(](?P[^,]+),\s*(?P[^)]+)[)]"),
+        r"/** Padding. */ u8 pad_\g[(\g) - (\g)]",
+    ),
 ]
 
 
 filename = sys.argv[1]
 cwd = os.getcwd()
-if filename[0:len(cwd)] == cwd:
-    filename = filename[len(cwd):]
+if filename[0 : len(cwd)] == cwd:
+    filename = filename[len(cwd) :]
     if filename[0] == "/":
         filename = filename[1:]
 
@@ -76,12 +107,12 @@ with open(filename) as fd:
 
     for line in fd:
         line_num += 1
-        str = line[:-1] # filter \n
+        str = line[:-1]  # filter \n
 
         # Look for search/replace patterns
         for p in replace_patterns:
             str = p[0].sub(p[1], str)
 
-        sys.stdout.write(str+"\n")
+        sys.stdout.write(str + "\n")
 
 # All done
diff --git a/docs/_scripts/filter_h.py b/docs/_scripts/filter_h.py
index 0891fa708e1..31c4c514283 100755
--- a/docs/_scripts/filter_h.py
+++ b/docs/_scripts/filter_h.py
@@ -26,17 +26,19 @@ if len(sys.argv) < 2:
 replace_patterns = [
     # Search for CLIB_PAD_FROM_TO(...); and replace with padding
     # #define CLIB_PAD_FROM_TO(from,to) u8 pad_##from[(to) - (from)]
-    (re.compile(r"(?PCLIB_PAD_FROM_TO)\s*[(](?P[^,]+),"
-                r"\s*(?P[^)]+)[)]"),
-     r"/** Padding. */ u8 pad_\g[(\g) - (\g)]"),
-
+    (
+        re.compile(
+            r"(?PCLIB_PAD_FROM_TO)\s*[(](?P[^,]+)," r"\s*(?P[^)]+)[)]"
+        ),
+        r"/** Padding. */ u8 pad_\g[(\g) - (\g)]",
+    ),
 ]
 
 
 filename = sys.argv[1]
 cwd = os.getcwd()
-if filename[0:len(cwd)] == cwd:
-    filename = filename[len(cwd):]
+if filename[0 : len(cwd)] == cwd:
+    filename = filename[len(cwd) :]
     if filename[0] == "/":
         filename = filename[1:]
 
@@ -51,6 +53,6 @@ with open(filename) as fd:
         for p in replace_patterns:
             str = p[0].sub(p[1], str)
 
-        sys.stdout.write(str+"\n")
+        sys.stdout.write(str + "\n")
 
 # All done
diff --git a/docs/_scripts/includes_renderer.py b/docs/_scripts/includes_renderer.py
index 6bd501d83ff..a2d422b5c18 100644
--- a/docs/_scripts/includes_renderer.py
+++ b/docs/_scripts/includes_renderer.py
@@ -33,15 +33,14 @@ class ContentRenderer:
 
 
 class PluginRenderer(ContentRenderer):
-
     def _render_entry(self, output_file, entry):
         description = ""
         # we use glob because a plugin can (ioam for now)
         # define the plugin definition in
         # a further subdirectory.
-        path = os.path.join(self.plugin_dir(), entry.name, '**')
+        path = os.path.join(self.plugin_dir(), entry.name, "**")
         for f in glob.iglob(path, recursive=True):
-            if not f.endswith('.c'):
+            if not f.endswith(".c"):
                 continue
             with open(f, "r", encoding="utf-8") as src:
                 for match in self.regex.finditer(src.read()):
@@ -56,7 +55,7 @@ class PluginRenderer(ContentRenderer):
         with open(fname, "w") as output_file:
             with os.scandir(self.plugin_dir()) as pdir:
                 for entry in sorted(pdir, key=lambda entry: entry.name):
-                    if not entry.name.startswith('.') and entry.is_dir():
+                    if not entry.name.startswith(".") and entry.is_dir():
                         self._render_entry(output_file, entry)
 
 
diff --git a/docs/_scripts/siphon/generate.py b/docs/_scripts/siphon/generate.py
index 2ae5a1b6f1b..1244c4658e4 100644
--- a/docs/_scripts/siphon/generate.py
+++ b/docs/_scripts/siphon/generate.py
@@ -24,8 +24,10 @@ import re
    themselves on this list."""
 siphon_patterns = []
 
+
 class Generate(object):
     """Matches a siphon comment block start"""
+
     siphon_block_start = re.compile("^\s*/\*\?\s*(.*)$")
 
     """Matches a siphon comment block stop"""
@@ -36,8 +38,10 @@ class Generate(object):
 
     """Matches a siphon block directive such as
        '%clicmd:group_label Debug CLI%'"""
-    siphon_block_directive = re.compile("(%s)\s*([a-zA-Z0-9_:]+)\s+(.*)\s*(%s)" % \
-            (siphon_block_delimiter, siphon_block_delimiter))
+    siphon_block_directive = re.compile(
+        "(%s)\s*([a-zA-Z0-9_:]+)\s+(.*)\s*(%s)"
+        % (siphon_block_delimiter, siphon_block_delimiter)
+    )
 
     """Matches the start of an initializer block"""
     siphon_initializer = re.compile("\s*=")
@@ -54,7 +58,6 @@ class Generate(object):
     """Logging handler"""
     log = None
 
-
     def __init__(self, output_directory, input_prefix):
         super(Generate, self).__init__()
         self.log = logging.getLogger("siphon.generate")
@@ -70,14 +73,13 @@ class Generate(object):
         self.output = {}
         for siphon in self.known_siphons:
             self.output[siphon] = {
-                    "file": "%s/%s.siphon" % (output_directory, siphon),
-                    "global": {},
-                    "items": [],
-                }
+                "file": "%s/%s.siphon" % (output_directory, siphon),
+                "global": {},
+                "items": [],
+            }
 
         self.input_prefix = input_prefix
 
-
     """
     count open and close braces in str
     return (0, index) when braces were found and count becomes 0.
@@ -87,16 +89,17 @@ class Generate(object):
     return (count, -1) if not all opening braces are closed, count is the
     current depth
     """
+
     def count_braces(self, str, count=0, found=False):
         for index in range(0, len(str)):
-            if str[index] == '{':
-                count += 1;
+            if str[index] == "{":
+                count += 1
                 found = True
-            elif str[index] == '}':
+            elif str[index] == "}":
                 if count == 0:
                     # means we never found an open brace
                     return (-1, -1)
-                count -= 1;
+                count -= 1
 
             if count == 0 and found:
                 return (count, index)
@@ -106,8 +109,8 @@ class Generate(object):
     def parse(self, filename):
         # Strip the current directory off the start of the
         # filename for brevity
-        if filename[0:len(self.input_prefix)] == self.input_prefix:
-            filename = filename[len(self.input_prefix):]
+        if filename[0 : len(self.input_prefix)] == self.input_prefix:
+            filename = filename[len(self.input_prefix) :]
             if filename[0] == "/":
                 filename = filename[1:]
 
@@ -115,8 +118,8 @@ class Generate(object):
         directory = os.path.dirname(filename)
         if directory[0:2] == "./":
             directory = directory[2:]
-        elif directory[0:len(self.input_prefix)] == self.input_prefix:
-            directory = directory[len(self.input_prefix):]
+        elif directory[0 : len(self.input_prefix)] == self.input_prefix:
+            directory = directory[len(self.input_prefix) :]
         if directory[0] == "/":
             directory = directory[1:]
 
@@ -133,9 +136,10 @@ class Generate(object):
 
             for line in fd:
                 line_num += 1
-                str = line[:-1] # filter \n
+                str = line[:-1]  # filter \n
 
                 """See if there is a block directive and if so extract it"""
+
                 def process_block_directive(str, directives):
                     m = self.siphon_block_directive.search(str)
                     if m is not None:
@@ -143,7 +147,7 @@ class Generate(object):
                         v = m.group(3).strip()
                         directives[k] = v
                         # Return only the parts we did not match
-                        return str[0:m.start(1)] + str[m.end(4):]
+                        return str[0 : m.start(1)] + str[m.end(4) :]
 
                     return str
 
@@ -200,27 +204,25 @@ class Generate(object):
                     # Skip to next line
                     continue
 
-
                 if siphon is None:
                     # Look for blocks we need to siphon
                     for p in siphon_patterns:
                         if p[0].match(str):
-                            siphon = [ p[1], str + "\n", 0 ]
+                            siphon = [p[1], str + "\n", 0]
                             siphon_line = line_num
 
                             # see if we have an initializer
                             m = self.siphon_initializer.search(str)
                             if m is not None:
                                 # count the braces on this line
-                                (count, index) = \
-                                    self.count_braces(str[m.start():])
+                                (count, index) = self.count_braces(str[m.start() :])
                                 siphon[2] = count
                                 # TODO - it's possible we have the
                                 # initializer all on the first line
                                 # we should check for it, but also
                                 # account for the possibility that
                                 # the open brace is on the next line
-                                #if count == 0:
+                                # if count == 0:
                                 #    # braces balanced
                                 #    close_siphon = siphon
                                 #    siphon = None
@@ -231,12 +233,11 @@ class Generate(object):
                 else:
                     # See if we should end the siphon here - do we have
                     # balanced braces?
-                    (count, index) = self.count_braces(str,
-                            count=siphon[2], found=True)
+                    (count, index) = self.count_braces(str, count=siphon[2], found=True)
                     if count == 0:
                         # braces balanced - add the substring and
                         # close the siphon
-                        siphon[1] += str[:index+1] + ";\n"
+                        siphon[1] += str[: index + 1] + ";\n"
                         close_siphon = siphon
                         siphon = None
                     else:
@@ -259,15 +260,15 @@ class Generate(object):
                             details[key] = directives[key]
 
                     # Copy details for this block
-                    details['file'] = filename
-                    details['directory'] = directory
-                    details['line_start'] = siphon_line
-                    details['line_end'] = line_num
-                    details['siphon_block'] = siphon_block.strip()
+                    details["file"] = filename
+                    details["directory"] = directory
+                    details["line_start"] = siphon_line
+                    details["line_end"] = line_num
+                    details["siphon_block"] = siphon_block.strip()
                     details["block"] = close_siphon[1]
 
                     # Store the item
-                    self.output[siphon_name]['items'].append(details)
+                    self.output[siphon_name]["items"].append(details)
 
                     # All done
                     close_siphon = None
@@ -275,7 +276,7 @@ class Generate(object):
 
             # Update globals
             for key in directives.keys():
-                if ':' not in key:
+                if ":" not in key:
                     continue
 
                 if filename.endswith("/dir.dox"):
@@ -288,19 +289,17 @@ class Generate(object):
 
                 if sn not in self.output:
                     self.output[sn] = {}
-                if 'global' not in self.output[sn]:
-                    self.output[sn]['global'] = {}
-                if l not in self.output[sn]['global']:
-                    self.output[sn]['global'][l] = {}
+                if "global" not in self.output[sn]:
+                    self.output[sn]["global"] = {}
+                if l not in self.output[sn]["global"]:
+                    self.output[sn]["global"][l] = {}
 
-                self.output[sn]['global'][l][label] = directives[key]
+                self.output[sn]["global"][l][label] = directives[key]
 
     def deliver(self):
         # Write out the data
         for siphon in self.output.keys():
             self.log.info("Saving siphon data %s." % siphon)
             s = self.output[siphon]
-            with open(s['file'], "a") as fp:
-                json.dump(s, fp,
-                    separators=(',', ': '), indent=4, sort_keys=True)
-
+            with open(s["file"], "a") as fp:
+                json.dump(s, fp, separators=(",", ": "), indent=4, sort_keys=True)
diff --git a/docs/_scripts/siphon/generate_clicmd.py b/docs/_scripts/siphon/generate_clicmd.py
index 6d24aaf4926..2e2f6281a39 100644
--- a/docs/_scripts/siphon/generate_clicmd.py
+++ b/docs/_scripts/siphon/generate_clicmd.py
@@ -17,8 +17,11 @@ import re
 from . import generate
 
 # Register our regexp
-generate.siphon_patterns.append((
-    re.compile("(?PVLIB_CLI_COMMAND)\s*"
-        "[(](?P[a-zA-Z0-9_]+)(,[^)]*)?[)]"),
-    "clicmd"
-))
+generate.siphon_patterns.append(
+    (
+        re.compile(
+            "(?PVLIB_CLI_COMMAND)\s*" "[(](?P[a-zA-Z0-9_]+)(,[^)]*)?[)]"
+        ),
+        "clicmd",
+    )
+)
diff --git a/docs/_scripts/siphon/generate_syscfg.py b/docs/_scripts/siphon/generate_syscfg.py
index 52c802e5752..105a59c8262 100644
--- a/docs/_scripts/siphon/generate_syscfg.py
+++ b/docs/_scripts/siphon/generate_syscfg.py
@@ -17,8 +17,12 @@ import re
 from . import generate
 
 # Register our regexp
-generate.siphon_patterns.append((
-    re.compile("(?PVLIB_CONFIG_FUNCTION)\s*"
-        '[(](?P[a-zA-Z0-9_]+)\s*,\s*"(?P[^"]*)"[)]'),
-    "syscfg"
-))
+generate.siphon_patterns.append(
+    (
+        re.compile(
+            "(?PVLIB_CONFIG_FUNCTION)\s*"
+            '[(](?P[a-zA-Z0-9_]+)\s*,\s*"(?P[^"]*)"[)]'
+        ),
+        "syscfg",
+    )
+)
diff --git a/docs/_scripts/siphon/parsers.py b/docs/_scripts/siphon/parsers.py
index 162205de4ca..1a7d1f59539 100644
--- a/docs/_scripts/siphon/parsers.py
+++ b/docs/_scripts/siphon/parsers.py
@@ -18,9 +18,10 @@ ident = pp.Word(pp.alphas + "_", pp.alphas + pp.nums + "_")
 intNum = pp.Word(pp.nums)
 hexNum = pp.Literal("0x") + pp.Word(pp.hexnums)
 octalNum = pp.Literal("0") + pp.Word("01234567")
-integer = (hexNum | octalNum | intNum) + \
-    pp.Optional(pp.Literal("ULL") | pp.Literal("LL") | pp.Literal("L"))
-floatNum = pp.Regex(r'\d+(\.\d*)?([eE]\d+)?') + pp.Optional(pp.Literal("f"))
+integer = (hexNum | octalNum | intNum) + pp.Optional(
+    pp.Literal("ULL") | pp.Literal("LL") | pp.Literal("L")
+)
+floatNum = pp.Regex(r"\d+(\.\d*)?([eE]\d+)?") + pp.Optional(pp.Literal("f"))
 char = pp.Literal("'") + pp.Word(pp.printables, exact=1) + pp.Literal("'")
 arrayIndex = integer | ident
 
@@ -36,23 +37,29 @@ semicolon = pp.Literal(";").suppress()
 # initializer := { [member = ] (variable | expression | { initializer } ) }
 typeName = ident
 varName = ident
-typeSpec = pp.Optional("unsigned") + \
-           pp.oneOf("int long short float double char u8 i8 void") + \
-           pp.Optional(pp.Word("*"), default="")
-typeCast = pp.Combine( "(" + ( typeSpec | typeName ) + ")" ).suppress()
+typeSpec = (
+    pp.Optional("unsigned")
+    + pp.oneOf("int long short float double char u8 i8 void")
+    + pp.Optional(pp.Word("*"), default="")
+)
+typeCast = pp.Combine("(" + (typeSpec | typeName) + ")").suppress()
 
-string = pp.Combine(pp.OneOrMore(pp.QuotedString(quoteChar='"',
-    escChar='\\', multiline=True)), adjacent=False)
+string = pp.Combine(
+    pp.OneOrMore(pp.QuotedString(quoteChar='"', escChar="\\", multiline=True)),
+    adjacent=False,
+)
 literal = pp.Optional(typeCast) + (integer | floatNum | char | string)
-var = pp.Combine(pp.Optional(typeCast) + varName +
-    pp.Optional("[" + arrayIndex + "]"))
+var = pp.Combine(pp.Optional(typeCast) + varName + pp.Optional("[" + arrayIndex + "]"))
 
 # This could be more complete, but suffices for our uses
-expr = (literal | var)
+expr = literal | var
 
 """Parse and render a block of text into a Python dictionary."""
+
+
 class Parser(object):
     """Compiled PyParsing BNF"""
+
     _parser = None
 
     def __init__(self):
@@ -71,6 +78,8 @@ class Parser(object):
 
 
 """Parser for function-like macros - without the closing semi-colon."""
+
+
 class ParserFunctionMacro(Parser):
     def BNF(self):
         # VLIB_CONFIG_FUNCTION (unix_config, "unix")
@@ -91,6 +100,8 @@ class ParserFunctionMacro(Parser):
 
 
 """Parser for function-like macros with a closing semi-colon."""
+
+
 class ParseFunctionMacroStmt(ParserFunctionMacro):
     def BNF(self):
         # VLIB_CONFIG_FUNCTION (unix_config, "unix");
@@ -106,6 +117,8 @@ Parser for our struct initializers which are composed from a
 function-like macro, equals sign, and then a normal C struct initializer
 block.
 """
+
+
 class MacroInitializer(ParserFunctionMacro):
     def BNF(self):
         # VLIB_CLI_COMMAND (show_sr_tunnel_command, static) = {
@@ -115,14 +128,15 @@ class MacroInitializer(ParserFunctionMacro):
         # };
         cs = pp.Forward()
 
-
-        member = pp.Combine(dot + varName + pp.Optional("[" + arrayIndex + "]"),
-            adjacent=False)
-        value = (expr | cs)
+        member = pp.Combine(
+            dot + varName + pp.Optional("[" + arrayIndex + "]"), adjacent=False
+        )
+        value = expr | cs
 
         entry = pp.Group(pp.Optional(member + equals, default="") + value)
-        entries = (pp.ZeroOrMore(entry + comma) + entry + pp.Optional(comma)) | \
-                  (pp.ZeroOrMore(entry + comma))
+        entries = (pp.ZeroOrMore(entry + comma) + entry + pp.Optional(comma)) | (
+            pp.ZeroOrMore(entry + comma)
+        )
 
         cs << (lbrace + entries + rbrace)
 
diff --git a/docs/_scripts/siphon/process.py b/docs/_scripts/siphon/process.py
index e3a70152487..341b7cba299 100644
--- a/docs/_scripts/siphon/process.py
+++ b/docs/_scripts/siphon/process.py
@@ -88,7 +88,8 @@ class Siphon(object):
             loader=loader,
             trim_blocks=True,
             autoescape=False,
-            keep_trailing_newline=True)
+            keep_trailing_newline=True,
+        )
 
         # Convenience, get a reference to the internal escape and
         # unescape methods in html.parser. These then become
@@ -103,32 +104,38 @@ class Siphon(object):
     # Output renderers
 
     """Returns an object to be used as the sorting key in the item index."""
+
     def index_sort_key(self, group):
         return group
 
     """Returns a string to use as the header at the top of the item index."""
+
     def index_header(self):
         return self.template("index_header")
 
     """Returns the string fragment to use for each section in the item
     index."""
+
     def index_section(self, group):
         return self.template("index_section", group=group)
 
     """Returns the string fragment to use for each entry in the item index."""
+
     def index_entry(self, meta, item):
         return self.template("index_entry", meta=meta, item=item)
 
     """Returns an object, typically a string, to be used as the sorting key
     for items within a section."""
+
     def item_sort_key(self, item):
-        return item['name']
+        return item["name"]
 
     """Returns a key for grouping items together."""
-    def group_key(self, directory, file, macro, name):
-        _global = self._cmds['_global']
 
-        if file in _global and 'group_label' in _global[file]:
+    def group_key(self, directory, file, macro, name):
+        _global = self._cmds["_global"]
+
+        if file in _global and "group_label" in _global[file]:
             self._group[file] = (directory, file)
             return file
 
@@ -136,60 +143,59 @@ class Siphon(object):
         return directory
 
     """Returns a key for identifying items within a grouping."""
+
     def item_key(self, directory, file, macro, name):
         return name
 
     """Returns a string to use as the header when rendering the item."""
+
     def item_header(self, group):
         return self.template("item_header", group=group)
 
     """Returns a string to use as the body when rendering the item."""
+
     def item_format(self, meta, item):
         return self.template("item_format", meta=meta, item=item)
 
     """Returns a string to use as the label for the page reference."""
+
     def page_label(self, group):
-        return "_".join((
-            self.name,
-            self.sanitize_label(group)
-        ))
+        return "_".join((self.name, self.sanitize_label(group)))
 
     """Returns a title to use for a page."""
+
     def page_title(self, group):
-        _global = self._cmds['_global']
+        _global = self._cmds["_global"]
         (directory, file) = self._group[group]
 
-        if file and file in _global and 'group_label' in _global[file]:
-            return _global[file]['group_label']
+        if file and file in _global and "group_label" in _global[file]:
+            return _global[file]["group_label"]
 
-        if directory in _global and 'group_label' in _global[directory]:
-            return _global[directory]['group_label']
+        if directory in _global and "group_label" in _global[directory]:
+            return _global[directory]["group_label"]
 
         return directory
 
     """Returns a string to use as the label for the section reference."""
+
     def item_label(self, group, item):
-        return "__".join((
-            self.name,
-            item
-        ))
+        return "__".join((self.name, item))
 
     """Label sanitizer; for creating Doxygen references"""
+
     def sanitize_label(self, value):
-        return value.replace(" ", "_") \
-                    .replace("/", "_") \
-                    .replace(".", "_")
+        return value.replace(" ", "_").replace("/", "_").replace(".", "_")
 
     """Template processor"""
+
     def template(self, name, **kwargs):
         tpl = self._tplenv.get_template(name + self._format.extension)
-        return tpl.render(
-            this=self,
-            **kwargs)
+        return tpl.render(this=self, **kwargs)
 
     # Processing methods
 
     """Parse the input file into a more usable dictionary structure."""
+
     def load_json(self, files):
         self._cmds = {}
         self._group = {}
@@ -198,34 +204,37 @@ class Siphon(object):
         line_start = 0
         for filename in files:
             filename = os.path.relpath(filename)
-            self.log.info("Parsing items in file \"%s\"." % filename)
+            self.log.info('Parsing items in file "%s".' % filename)
             data = None
             with open(filename, "r") as fd:
                 data = json.load(fd)
 
-            self._cmds['_global'] = data['global']
+            self._cmds["_global"] = data["global"]
 
             # iterate the items loaded and regroup it
             for item in data["items"]:
                 try:
-                    o = self._parser.parse(item['block'])
+                    o = self._parser.parse(item["block"])
                 except Exception:
-                    self.log.error("Exception parsing item: %s\n%s"
-                                   % (json.dumps(item, separators=(',', ': '),
-                                                 indent=4),
-                                      item['block']))
+                    self.log.error(
+                        "Exception parsing item: %s\n%s"
+                        % (
+                            json.dumps(item, separators=(",", ": "), indent=4),
+                            item["block"],
+                        )
+                    )
                     raise
 
                 # Augment the item with metadata
                 o["meta"] = {}
                 for key in item:
-                    if key == 'block':
+                    if key == "block":
                         continue
-                    o['meta'][key] = item[key]
+                    o["meta"][key] = item[key]
 
                 # Load some interesting fields
-                directory = item['directory']
-                file = item['file']
+                directory = item["directory"]
+                file = item["file"]
                 macro = o["macro"]
                 name = o["name"]
 
@@ -240,6 +249,7 @@ class Siphon(object):
 
     """Iterate over the input data, calling render methods to generate the
     output."""
+
     def process(self, out=None):
 
         if out is None:
@@ -257,11 +267,12 @@ class Siphon(object):
 
         # Iterate the dictionary and process it
         for group in sorted(self._cmds.keys(), key=group_sort_key):
-            if group.startswith('_'):
+            if group.startswith("_"):
                 continue
 
-            self.log.info("Processing items in group \"%s\" (%s)." %
-                          (group, group_sort_key(group)))
+            self.log.info(
+                'Processing items in group "%s" (%s).' % (group, group_sort_key(group))
+            )
 
             # Generate the section index entry (write it now)
             out.write(self.index_section(group))
@@ -273,15 +284,16 @@ class Siphon(object):
                 return self.item_sort_key(self._cmds[group][key])
 
             for key in sorted(self._cmds[group].keys(), key=item_sort_key):
-                self.log.debug("--- Processing key \"%s\" (%s)." %
-                               (key, item_sort_key(key)))
+                self.log.debug(
+                    '--- Processing key "%s" (%s).' % (key, item_sort_key(key))
+                )
 
                 o = self._cmds[group][key]
                 meta = {
-                    "directory": o['meta']['directory'],
-                    "file": o['meta']['file'],
-                    "macro": o['macro'],
-                    "name": o['name'],
+                    "directory": o["meta"]["directory"],
+                    "file": o["meta"]["file"],
+                    "macro": o["macro"],
+                    "name": o["name"],
                     "key": key,
                     "label": self.item_label(group, key),
                 }
@@ -304,7 +316,7 @@ class Siphon(object):
 
     def do_cliexstart(self, matchobj):
         title = matchobj.group(1)
-        title = ' '.join(title.splitlines())
+        title = " ".join(title.splitlines())
         content = matchobj.group(2)
         content = re.sub(r"\n", r"\n    ", content)
         return "\n\n.. code-block:: console\n\n    %s\n    %s\n\n" % (title, content)
@@ -316,7 +328,7 @@ class Siphon(object):
 
     def do_cliexcmd(self, matchobj):
         content = matchobj.group(1)
-        content = ' '.join(content.splitlines())
+        content = " ".join(content.splitlines())
         return "\n\n.. code-block:: console\n\n    %s\n\n" % content
 
     def process_list(self, matchobj):
@@ -351,7 +363,9 @@ class Siphon(object):
         s = re.sub(r"@TODO[^\n]*", "", s)
         # ----------- code blocks
         s = re.sub(r"@cliexcmd{(.+?)}", self.do_cliexcmd, s, flags=re.DOTALL)
-        s = re.sub(r"@cliexstart{(.+?)}(.+?)@cliexend", self.do_cliexstart, s, flags=re.DOTALL)
+        s = re.sub(
+            r"@cliexstart{(.+?)}(.+?)@cliexend", self.do_cliexstart, s, flags=re.DOTALL
+        )
         s = re.sub(r"@clistart(.+?)@cliend", self.do_clistart, s, flags=re.DOTALL)
         # ----------- lists
         s = re.sub(r"^\s*-", r"\n@@@@", s, flags=re.MULTILINE)
@@ -377,6 +391,7 @@ class Siphon(object):
         s = re.sub(r"\n[ \f\v\t]*", "\n", s)
         return s
 
+
 class Format(object):
     """Output format class"""
 
@@ -389,6 +404,7 @@ class Format(object):
 
 class FormatMarkdown(Format):
     """Markdown output format"""
+
     name = "markdown"
     extension = ".md"
 
@@ -399,6 +415,7 @@ formats["markdown"] = FormatMarkdown
 
 class FormatItemlist(Format):
     """Itemlist output format"""
+
     name = "itemlist"
     extension = ".itemlist"
 
diff --git a/docs/_scripts/siphon/process_clicmd.py b/docs/_scripts/siphon/process_clicmd.py
index bf270518ad1..afc24ae6da1 100644
--- a/docs/_scripts/siphon/process_clicmd.py
+++ b/docs/_scripts/siphon/process_clicmd.py
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 from . import process, parsers
 import os
 
+
 class SiphonCLICMD(process.Siphon):
 
     name = "clicmd"
@@ -32,37 +33,36 @@ class SiphonCLICMD(process.Siphon):
         return self.page_label(group) + ".rst"
 
     def index_sort_key(self, group):
-        _global = self._cmds['_global']
+        _global = self._cmds["_global"]
         if group not in self._group:
             return group
         (directory, file) = self._group[group]
 
-        if file in _global and 'group_label' in _global[file]:
-            return _global[file]['group_label']
+        if file in _global and "group_label" in _global[file]:
+            return _global[file]["group_label"]
 
-        if directory in _global and 'group_label' in _global[directory]:
-            return _global[directory]['group_label']
+        if directory in _global and "group_label" in _global[directory]:
+            return _global[directory]["group_label"]
 
         return group
 
     def item_sort_key(self, item):
-        return item['value']['path']
+        return item["value"]["path"]
 
     def item_label(self, group, item):
-        return "_".join((
-            self.name,
-            self.sanitize_label(self._cmds[group][item]['value']['path'])
-        ))
+        return "_".join(
+            (self.name, self.sanitize_label(self._cmds[group][item]["value"]["path"]))
+        )
 
     def page_title(self, group):
-        _global = self._cmds['_global']
+        _global = self._cmds["_global"]
         (directory, file) = self._group[group]
 
-        if file and file in _global and 'group_label' in _global[file]:
-            return _global[file]['group_label']
+        if file and file in _global and "group_label" in _global[file]:
+            return _global[file]["group_label"]
 
-        if directory in _global and 'group_label' in _global[directory]:
-            return _global[directory]['group_label']
+        if directory in _global and "group_label" in _global[directory]:
+            return _global[directory]["group_label"]
 
         file_ext = os.path.basename(directory)
         fname, ext = os.path.splitext(file_ext)
diff --git a/docs/conf.py b/docs/conf.py
index 26ccb3f0f7c..550eee8fbe9 100644
--- a/docs/conf.py
+++ b/docs/conf.py
@@ -20,14 +20,16 @@ import subprocess
 
 # -- Project information -----------------------------------------------------
 
-project = u'The Vector Packet Processor'
-copyright = u'2018-2022, Linux Foundation'
-author = u'FD.io VPP Community'
+project = "The Vector Packet Processor"
+copyright = "2018-2022, Linux Foundation"
+author = "FD.io VPP Community"
 
 # The short X.Y version
 version = subprocess.run(["git", "describe"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, text=True).stdout
 # The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags
-release = subprocess.run(["git", "describe", "--long"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, text=True).stdout
+release = subprocess.run(
+    ["git", "describe", "--long"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, text=True
+).stdout
 
 
 # -- General configuration ---------------------------------------------------
@@ -40,29 +42,27 @@ release = subprocess.run(["git", "describe", "--long"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
 # extensions coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom
 # ones.
 extensions = [
-    'sphinx.ext.autodoc',
-    'sphinx.ext.viewcode',
-    'recommonmark',
-    'sphinxcontrib.spelling']
+    "sphinx.ext.autodoc",
+    "sphinx.ext.viewcode",
+    "recommonmark",
+    "sphinxcontrib.spelling",
+]
 
-spelling_word_list_filename = 'spelling_wordlist.txt'
+spelling_word_list_filename = "spelling_wordlist.txt"
 
 # do not spell check those files
-spelling_exclude_patterns = ['aboutvpp/releasenotes/*']
+spelling_exclude_patterns = ["aboutvpp/releasenotes/*"]
 
 # Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.
-templates_path = ['_templates']
+templates_path = ["_templates"]
 
 # The suffix(es) of source filenames.
 # You can specify multiple suffix as a list of string:
 #
-source_suffix = {
-    '.rst': 'restructuredtext',
-    '.md': 'markdown'
-}
+source_suffix = {".rst": "restructuredtext", ".md": "markdown"}
 
 # The master toctree document.
-master_doc = 'index'
+master_doc = "index"
 
 # The language for content autogenerated by Sphinx. Refer to documentation
 # for a list of supported languages.
@@ -74,10 +74,10 @@ language = None
 # List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and
 # directories to ignore when looking for source files.
 # This pattern also affects html_static_path and html_extra_path .
-exclude_patterns = ['Thumbs.db', '.DS_Store', '_scripts', 'venv', '_generated']
+exclude_patterns = ["Thumbs.db", ".DS_Store", "_scripts", "venv", "_generated"]
 
 # The name of the Pygments (syntax highlighting) style to use.
-pygments_style = 'default'
+pygments_style = "default"
 
 
 # -- Options for HTML output -------------------------------------------------
@@ -88,15 +88,17 @@ pygments_style = 'default'
 
 # import sphinx_theme
 
-templates_path = ['_templates']
+templates_path = ["_templates"]
 
 html_theme = "sphinx_rtd_theme"
 
-html_theme_path = ["_themes", ]
+html_theme_path = [
+    "_themes",
+]
 
 # The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top
 # of the sidebar.
-html_logo = '_static/fd-io_red_white.png'
+html_logo = "_static/fd-io_red_white.png"
 
 # Theme options are theme-specific and customize the look and feel of a theme
 # further.  For a list of options available for each theme, see the
@@ -107,11 +109,12 @@ html_logo = '_static/fd-io_red_white.png'
 # Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here,
 # relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files,
 # so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css".
-html_static_path = ['_static']
+html_static_path = ["_static"]
 
 
 def setup(app):
-    app.add_css_file('css/rules.css')
+    app.add_css_file("css/rules.css")
+
 
 # Custom sidebar templates, must be a dictionary that maps document names
 # to template names.
@@ -127,7 +130,7 @@ def setup(app):
 # -- Options for HTMLHelp output ---------------------------------------------
 
 # Output file base name for HTML help builder.
-htmlhelp_basename = 'Vector Packet Processor'
+htmlhelp_basename = "Vector Packet Processor"
 
 
 # -- Options for LaTeX output ------------------------------------------------
@@ -136,15 +139,12 @@ latex_elements = {
     # The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper').
     #
     # 'papersize': 'letterpaper',
-
     # The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt').
     #
     # 'pointsize': '10pt',
-
     # Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble.
     #
     # 'preamble': '',
-
     # Latex figure (float) alignment
     #
     # 'figure_align': 'htbp',
@@ -154,9 +154,13 @@ latex_elements = {
 # (source start file, target name, title,
 #  author, documentclass [howto, manual, or own class]).
 latex_documents = [
-    (master_doc, 'Vector Packet Processor.tex',
-     u'Vector Packet Processor Documentation',
-     u'John DeNisco', 'manual'),
+    (
+        master_doc,
+        "Vector Packet Processor.tex",
+        "Vector Packet Processor Documentation",
+        "John DeNisco",
+        "manual",
+    ),
 ]
 
 
@@ -165,9 +169,13 @@ latex_documents = [
 # One entry per manual page. List of tuples
 # (source start file, name, description, authors, manual section).
 man_pages = [
-    (master_doc, 'Vector Packet Processor',
-     u'Vector Packet Processor Documentation',
-     [author], 1)
+    (
+        master_doc,
+        "Vector Packet Processor",
+        "Vector Packet Processor Documentation",
+        [author],
+        1,
+    )
 ]
 
 
@@ -177,10 +185,15 @@ man_pages = [
 # (source start file, target name, title, author,
 #  dir menu entry, description, category)
 texinfo_documents = [
-    (master_doc, 'Vector Packet Processor',
-     u'Vector Packet Processor Documentation',
-     author, 'Vector Packet Processor', 'One line description of project.',
-     'Miscellaneous'),
+    (
+        master_doc,
+        "Vector Packet Processor",
+        "Vector Packet Processor Documentation",
+        author,
+        "Vector Packet Processor",
+        "One line description of project.",
+        "Miscellaneous",
+    ),
 ]
 
 
diff --git a/extras/deprecated/perfmon/intel_json_to_c.py b/extras/deprecated/perfmon/intel_json_to_c.py
index 6a625ac2c33..4389c86fc38 100755
--- a/extras/deprecated/perfmon/intel_json_to_c.py
+++ b/extras/deprecated/perfmon/intel_json_to_c.py
@@ -4,48 +4,58 @@ import json, argparse
 
 p = argparse.ArgumentParser()
 
-p.add_argument('-i', '--input', action="store",
-               help="input JSON file name", required = True)
+p.add_argument(
+    "-i", "--input", action="store", help="input JSON file name", required=True
+)
 
-p.add_argument('-o', '--output', action="store",
-               help="output C file name", required = True)
+p.add_argument(
+    "-o", "--output", action="store", help="output C file name", required=True
+)
 
-p.add_argument('-m', '--model', action="append",
-               help="CPU model in format: model[,stepping0]",
-               required = True)
+p.add_argument(
+    "-m",
+    "--model",
+    action="append",
+    help="CPU model in format: model[,stepping0]",
+    required=True,
+)
 
 r = p.parse_args()
 
-with open(r.input, 'r') as fp:
+with open(r.input, "r") as fp:
     objects = json.load(fp)
 
-c = open(r.output, 'w')
+c = open(r.output, "w")
 
-c.write ("""
+c.write(
+    """
 #include 
 
 static perfmon_intel_pmc_cpu_model_t cpu_model_table[] = {
-""")
+"""
+)
 
 for v in r.model:
     if "," in v:
-        (m, s)  = v.split(",")
+        (m, s) = v.split(",")
         m = int(m, 0)
         s = int(s, 0)
-        c.write ("  {}0x{:02X}, 0x{:02X}, 1{},\n".format("{", m, s, "}"))
+        c.write("  {}0x{:02X}, 0x{:02X}, 1{},\n".format("{", m, s, "}"))
     else:
         m = int(v, 0)
-        c.write ("  {}0x{:02X}, 0x00, 0{},\n".format("{", m, "}"))
-c.write ("""
+        c.write("  {}0x{:02X}, 0x00, 0{},\n".format("{", m, "}"))
+c.write(
+    """
 };
 
 static perfmon_intel_pmc_event_t event_table[] = {
-""")
+"""
+)
 
 for obj in objects:
     MSRIndex = obj["MSRIndex"]
     if MSRIndex != "0":
-      continue
+        continue
 
     EventCode = obj["EventCode"]
     UMask = obj["UMask"]
@@ -53,20 +63,22 @@ for obj in objects:
     if "," in EventCode:
         continue
 
-    c.write ("  {\n")
-    c.write ("   .event_code = {}{}{},\n".format("{", EventCode, "}"))
-    c.write ("   .umask = {},\n".format(UMask))
-    c.write ("   .event_name = \"{}\",\n".format(EventName))
-    c.write ("   },\n")
+    c.write("  {\n")
+    c.write("   .event_code = {}{}{},\n".format("{", EventCode, "}"))
+    c.write("   .umask = {},\n".format(UMask))
+    c.write('   .event_name = "{}",\n'.format(EventName))
+    c.write("   },\n")
 
 
-c.write ("""  {
+c.write(
+    """  {
    .event_name = 0,
    },
 };
 
 PERFMON_REGISTER_INTEL_PMC (cpu_model_table, event_table);
 
-""")
+"""
+)
 
 c.close()
diff --git a/extras/deprecated/plugins/gbp/test_gbp.py b/extras/deprecated/plugins/gbp/test_gbp.py
index c30a729519d..8c53b393f92 100644
--- a/extras/deprecated/plugins/gbp/test_gbp.py
+++ b/extras/deprecated/plugins/gbp/test_gbp.py
@@ -43,16 +43,16 @@ from vpp_l2 import (
 from vpp_sub_interface import L2_VTR_OP, VppDot1QSubint
 from vpp_ip import DpoProto, get_dpo_proto
 from vpp_papi import VppEnum, MACAddress
-from vpp_vxlan_gbp_tunnel import find_vxlan_gbp_tunnel, INDEX_INVALID, \
-    VppVxlanGbpTunnel
+from vpp_vxlan_gbp_tunnel import find_vxlan_gbp_tunnel, INDEX_INVALID, VppVxlanGbpTunnel
 from vpp_neighbor import VppNeighbor
 from vpp_acl import AclRule, VppAcl
 
 NUM_PKTS = 67
 
 
-def find_gbp_endpoint(test, sw_if_index=None, ip=None, mac=None,
-                      tep=None, sclass=None, flags=None):
+def find_gbp_endpoint(
+    test, sw_if_index=None, ip=None, mac=None, tep=None, sclass=None, flags=None
+):
     if ip:
         vip = ip
     if mac:
@@ -64,8 +64,7 @@ def find_gbp_endpoint(test, sw_if_index=None, ip=None, mac=None,
         if tep:
             src = tep[0]
             dst = tep[1]
-            if src != str(ep.endpoint.tun.src) or \
-               dst != str(ep.endpoint.tun.dst):
+            if src != str(ep.endpoint.tun.src) or dst != str(ep.endpoint.tun.dst):
                 continue
         if sw_if_index:
             if ep.endpoint.sw_if_index != sw_if_index:
@@ -128,11 +127,21 @@ class VppGbpEndpoint(VppObject):
     def fips(self):
         return [self.fip4, self.fip6]
 
-    def __init__(self, test, itf, epg, recirc, ip4, fip4, ip6, fip6,
-                 flags=0,
-                 tun_src="0.0.0.0",
-                 tun_dst="0.0.0.0",
-                 mac=True):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        test,
+        itf,
+        epg,
+        recirc,
+        ip4,
+        fip4,
+        ip6,
+        fip6,
+        flags=0,
+        tun_src="0.0.0.0",
+        tun_dst="0.0.0.0",
+        mac=True,
+    ):
         self._test = test
         self.itf = itf
         self.handle = None
@@ -179,15 +188,15 @@ class VppGbpEndpoint(VppObject):
         self._test.vapi.gbp_endpoint_del(handle=self.handle)
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return "gbp-endpoint:[%d==%d:%s:%d]" % (self.handle,
-                                                self.itf.sw_if_index,
-                                                self.ip4,
-                                                self.epg.sclass)
+        return "gbp-endpoint:[%d==%d:%s:%d]" % (
+            self.handle,
+            self.itf.sw_if_index,
+            self.ip4,
+            self.epg.sclass,
+        )
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
-        return find_gbp_endpoint(self._test,
-                                 self.itf.sw_if_index,
-                                 self.ip4)
+        return find_gbp_endpoint(self._test, self.itf.sw_if_index, self.ip4)
 
 
 class VppGbpRecirc(VppObject):
@@ -266,8 +275,10 @@ class VppGbpExtItf(VppObject):
         )
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return "gbp-ext-itf:[%d]%s" % (self.itf.sw_if_index,
-                                       " [anon]" if self.flags else "")
+        return "gbp-ext-itf:[%d]%s" % (
+            self.itf.sw_if_index,
+            " [anon]" if self.flags else "",
+        )
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
         rs = self._test.vapi.gbp_ext_itf_dump()
@@ -282,19 +293,25 @@ class VppGbpSubnet(VppObject):
     GBP Subnet
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, test, rd, address, address_len,
-                 type, sw_if_index=0xffffffff, sclass=0xffff):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        test,
+        rd,
+        address,
+        address_len,
+        type,
+        sw_if_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
+        sclass=0xFFFF,
+    ):
         # TODO: replace hardcoded defaults when vpp_papi supports
         #  defaults in typedefs
         self._test = test
         self.rd_id = rd.rd_id
         a = ip_address(address)
         if 4 == a.version:
-            self.prefix = IPv4Network("%s/%d" % (address, address_len),
-                                      strict=False)
+            self.prefix = IPv4Network("%s/%d" % (address, address_len), strict=False)
         else:
-            self.prefix = IPv6Network("%s/%d" % (address, address_len),
-                                      strict=False)
+            self.prefix = IPv6Network("%s/%d" % (address, address_len), strict=False)
         self.type = type
         self.sw_if_index = sw_if_index
         self.sclass = sclass
@@ -316,10 +333,7 @@ class VppGbpSubnet(VppObject):
         self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
-        self._test.vapi.gbp_subnet_add_del(
-            is_add=0,
-            subnet=self.encode()
-        )
+        self._test.vapi.gbp_subnet_add_del(is_add=0, subnet=self.encode())
 
     def object_id(self):
         return "gbp-subnet:[%d-%s]" % (self.rd_id, self.prefix)
@@ -327,19 +341,21 @@ class VppGbpSubnet(VppObject):
     def query_vpp_config(self):
         ss = self._test.vapi.gbp_subnet_dump()
         for s in ss:
-            if s.subnet.rd_id == self.rd_id and \
-                    s.subnet.type == self.type and \
-                    s.subnet.prefix == self.prefix:
+            if (
+                s.subnet.rd_id == self.rd_id
+                and s.subnet.type == self.type
+                and s.subnet.prefix == self.prefix
+            ):
                 return True
         return False
 
 
 class VppGbpEndpointRetention(object):
-    def __init__(self, remote_ep_timeout=0xffffffff):
+    def __init__(self, remote_ep_timeout=0xFFFFFFFF):
         self.remote_ep_timeout = remote_ep_timeout
 
     def encode(self):
-        return {'remote_ep_timeout': self.remote_ep_timeout}
+        return {"remote_ep_timeout": self.remote_ep_timeout}
 
 
 class VppGbpEndpointGroup(VppObject):
@@ -347,9 +363,19 @@ class VppGbpEndpointGroup(VppObject):
     GBP Endpoint Group
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, test, vnid, sclass, rd, bd, uplink,
-                 bvi, bvi_ip4, bvi_ip6=None,
-                 retention=VppGbpEndpointRetention()):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        test,
+        vnid,
+        sclass,
+        rd,
+        bd,
+        uplink,
+        bvi,
+        bvi_ip4,
+        bvi_ip6=None,
+        retention=VppGbpEndpointRetention(),
+    ):
         self._test = test
         self.uplink = uplink
         self.bvi = bvi
@@ -360,13 +386,14 @@ class VppGbpEndpointGroup(VppObject):
         self.rd = rd
         self.sclass = sclass
         if 0 == self.sclass:
-            self.sclass = 0xffff
+            self.sclass = 0xFFFF
         self.retention = retention
 
     def encode(self) -> dict:
         return {
             "uplink_sw_if_index": self.uplink.sw_if_index
-            if self.uplink else INDEX_INVALID,
+            if self.uplink
+            else INDEX_INVALID,
             "bd_id": self.bd.bd.bd_id,
             "rd_id": self.rd.rd_id,
             "vnid": self.vnid,
@@ -397,11 +424,19 @@ class VppGbpBridgeDomain(VppObject):
     GBP Bridge Domain
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, test, bd, rd, bvi,
-                 uu_fwd: typing.Optional[VppVxlanGbpTunnel] = None,
-                 bm_flood=None, learn=True,
-                 uu_drop=False, bm_drop=False,
-                 ucast_arp=False):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        test,
+        bd,
+        rd,
+        bvi,
+        uu_fwd: typing.Optional[VppVxlanGbpTunnel] = None,
+        bm_flood=None,
+        learn=True,
+        uu_drop=False,
+        bm_drop=False,
+        ucast_arp=False,
+    ):
         self._test = test
         self.bvi = bvi
         self.uu_fwd = uu_fwd
@@ -426,9 +461,11 @@ class VppGbpBridgeDomain(VppObject):
             "flags": self.flags,
             "bvi_sw_if_index": self.bvi.sw_if_index,
             "uu_fwd_sw_if_index": self.uu_fwd.sw_if_index
-            if self.uu_fwd else INDEX_INVALID,
+            if self.uu_fwd
+            else INDEX_INVALID,
             "bm_flood_sw_if_index": self.bm_flood.sw_if_index
-            if self.bm_flood else INDEX_INVALID,
+            if self.bm_flood
+            else INDEX_INVALID,
             "bd_id": self.bd.bd_id,
             "rd_id": self.rd.rd_id,
         }
@@ -474,10 +511,11 @@ class VppGbpRouteDomain(VppObject):
             "ip4_table_id": self.t4.table_id,
             "ip6_table_id": self.t6.table_id,
             "ip4_uu_sw_if_index": self.ip4_uu.sw_if_index
-            if self.ip4_uu else INDEX_INVALID,
+            if self.ip4_uu
+            else INDEX_INVALID,
             "ip6_uu_sw_if_index": self.ip6_uu.sw_if_index
-            if self.ip6_uu else INDEX_INVALID,
-
+            if self.ip6_uu
+            else INDEX_INVALID,
         }
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
@@ -528,15 +566,16 @@ class VppGbpContractRule:
             nhs.append(nh.encode())
         while len(nhs) < 8:
             nhs.append({})
-        return {'action': self.action,
-                'nh_set': {
-                    'hash_mode': self.hash_mode,
-                    'n_nhs': len(self.nhs),
-                    'nhs': nhs}}
+        return {
+            "action": self.action,
+            "nh_set": {"hash_mode": self.hash_mode, "n_nhs": len(self.nhs), "nhs": nhs},
+        }
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return '' % (
-            self.action, self.hash_mode)
+        return "" % (
+            self.action,
+            self.hash_mode,
+        )
 
 
 class VppGbpContract(VppObject):
@@ -544,8 +583,16 @@ class VppGbpContract(VppObject):
     GBP Contract
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, test, scope, sclass, dclass, acl_index,
-                 rules: list, allowed_ethertypes: list):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        test,
+        scope,
+        sclass,
+        dclass,
+        acl_index,
+        rules: list,
+        allowed_ethertypes: list,
+    ):
         self._test = test
         self.scope = scope
         self.acl_index = acl_index
@@ -553,7 +600,7 @@ class VppGbpContract(VppObject):
         self.dclass = dclass
         self.rules = rules
         self.allowed_ethertypes = allowed_ethertypes
-        while (len(self.allowed_ethertypes) < 16):
+        while len(self.allowed_ethertypes) < 16:
             self.allowed_ethertypes.append(0)
 
     def encode(self) -> dict:
@@ -561,21 +608,18 @@ class VppGbpContract(VppObject):
         for r in self.rules:
             rules.append(r.encode())
         return {
-            'acl_index': self.acl_index,
-            'scope': self.scope,
-            'sclass': self.sclass,
-            'dclass': self.dclass,
-            'n_rules': len(rules),
-            'rules': rules,
-            'n_ether_types': len(self.allowed_ethertypes),
-            'allowed_ethertypes': self.allowed_ethertypes,
+            "acl_index": self.acl_index,
+            "scope": self.scope,
+            "sclass": self.sclass,
+            "dclass": self.dclass,
+            "n_rules": len(rules),
+            "rules": rules,
+            "n_ether_types": len(self.allowed_ethertypes),
+            "allowed_ethertypes": self.allowed_ethertypes,
         }
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
-        r = self._test.vapi.gbp_contract_add_del(
-            is_add=1,
-            contract=self.encode()
-        )
+        r = self._test.vapi.gbp_contract_add_del(is_add=1, contract=self.encode())
 
         self.stats_index = r.stats_index
         self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
@@ -587,17 +631,21 @@ class VppGbpContract(VppObject):
         )
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return "gbp-contract:[%d:%d:%d:%d]" % (self.scope,
-                                               self.sclass,
-                                               self.dclass,
-                                               self.acl_index)
+        return "gbp-contract:[%d:%d:%d:%d]" % (
+            self.scope,
+            self.sclass,
+            self.dclass,
+            self.acl_index,
+        )
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
         cs = self._test.vapi.gbp_contract_dump()
         for c in cs:
-            if c.contract.scope == self.scope \
-               and c.contract.sclass == self.sclass \
-               and c.contract.dclass == self.dclass:
+            if (
+                c.contract.scope == self.scope
+                and c.contract.sclass == self.sclass
+                and c.contract.dclass == self.dclass
+            ):
                 return True
         return False
 
@@ -650,7 +698,7 @@ class VppGbpVxlanTunnel(VppInterface):
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
-    """ GBP Test Case """
+    """GBP Test Case"""
 
     @property
     def nat_config_flags(self):
@@ -817,7 +865,7 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         return rx
 
     def test_gbp(self):
-        """ Group Based Policy """
+        """Group Based Policy"""
 
         ep_flags = VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_endpoint_flags_t
 
@@ -862,26 +910,70 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         # 3 EPGs, 2 of which share a BD.
         # 2 NAT EPGs, one for floating-IP subnets, the other for internet
         #
-        epgs = [VppGbpEndpointGroup(self, 220, 1220, rd0, gbd1,
-                                    self.pg4, self.loop0,
-                                    "10.0.0.128", "2001:10::128"),
-                VppGbpEndpointGroup(self, 221, 1221, rd0, gbd1,
-                                    self.pg5, self.loop0,
-                                    "10.0.1.128", "2001:10:1::128"),
-                VppGbpEndpointGroup(self, 222, 1222, rd0, gbd2,
-                                    self.pg6, self.loop1,
-                                    "10.0.2.128", "2001:10:2::128"),
-                VppGbpEndpointGroup(self, 333, 1333, rd20, gbd20,
-                                    self.pg7, self.loop2,
-                                    "11.0.0.128", "3001::128"),
-                VppGbpEndpointGroup(self, 444, 1444, rd20, gbd20,
-                                    self.pg8, self.loop2,
-                                    "11.0.0.129", "3001::129")]
-        recircs = [VppGbpRecirc(self, epgs[0], self.loop3),
-                   VppGbpRecirc(self, epgs[1], self.loop4),
-                   VppGbpRecirc(self, epgs[2], self.loop5),
-                   VppGbpRecirc(self, epgs[3], self.loop6, is_ext=True),
-                   VppGbpRecirc(self, epgs[4], self.loop7, is_ext=True)]
+        epgs = [
+            VppGbpEndpointGroup(
+                self,
+                220,
+                1220,
+                rd0,
+                gbd1,
+                self.pg4,
+                self.loop0,
+                "10.0.0.128",
+                "2001:10::128",
+            ),
+            VppGbpEndpointGroup(
+                self,
+                221,
+                1221,
+                rd0,
+                gbd1,
+                self.pg5,
+                self.loop0,
+                "10.0.1.128",
+                "2001:10:1::128",
+            ),
+            VppGbpEndpointGroup(
+                self,
+                222,
+                1222,
+                rd0,
+                gbd2,
+                self.pg6,
+                self.loop1,
+                "10.0.2.128",
+                "2001:10:2::128",
+            ),
+            VppGbpEndpointGroup(
+                self,
+                333,
+                1333,
+                rd20,
+                gbd20,
+                self.pg7,
+                self.loop2,
+                "11.0.0.128",
+                "3001::128",
+            ),
+            VppGbpEndpointGroup(
+                self,
+                444,
+                1444,
+                rd20,
+                gbd20,
+                self.pg8,
+                self.loop2,
+                "11.0.0.129",
+                "3001::129",
+            ),
+        ]
+        recircs = [
+            VppGbpRecirc(self, epgs[0], self.loop3),
+            VppGbpRecirc(self, epgs[1], self.loop4),
+            VppGbpRecirc(self, epgs[2], self.loop5),
+            VppGbpRecirc(self, epgs[3], self.loop6, is_ext=True),
+            VppGbpRecirc(self, epgs[4], self.loop7, is_ext=True),
+        ]
 
         epg_nat = epgs[3]
         recirc_nat = recircs[3]
@@ -889,22 +981,48 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         #
         # 4 end-points, 2 in the same subnet, 3 in the same BD
         #
-        eps = [VppGbpEndpoint(self, self.pg0,
-                              epgs[0], recircs[0],
-                              "10.0.0.1", "11.0.0.1",
-                              "2001:10::1", "3001::1"),
-               VppGbpEndpoint(self, self.pg1,
-                              epgs[0], recircs[0],
-                              "10.0.0.2", "11.0.0.2",
-                              "2001:10::2", "3001::2"),
-               VppGbpEndpoint(self, self.pg2,
-                              epgs[1], recircs[1],
-                              "10.0.1.1", "11.0.0.3",
-                              "2001:10:1::1", "3001::3"),
-               VppGbpEndpoint(self, self.pg3,
-                              epgs[2], recircs[2],
-                              "10.0.2.1", "11.0.0.4",
-                              "2001:10:2::1", "3001::4")]
+        eps = [
+            VppGbpEndpoint(
+                self,
+                self.pg0,
+                epgs[0],
+                recircs[0],
+                "10.0.0.1",
+                "11.0.0.1",
+                "2001:10::1",
+                "3001::1",
+            ),
+            VppGbpEndpoint(
+                self,
+                self.pg1,
+                epgs[0],
+                recircs[0],
+                "10.0.0.2",
+                "11.0.0.2",
+                "2001:10::2",
+                "3001::2",
+            ),
+            VppGbpEndpoint(
+                self,
+                self.pg2,
+                epgs[1],
+                recircs[1],
+                "10.0.1.1",
+                "11.0.0.3",
+                "2001:10:1::1",
+                "3001::3",
+            ),
+            VppGbpEndpoint(
+                self,
+                self.pg3,
+                epgs[2],
+                recircs[2],
+                "10.0.2.1",
+                "11.0.0.4",
+                "2001:10:2::1",
+                "3001::4",
+            ),
+        ]
 
         self.vapi.nat44_ed_plugin_enable_disable(enable=1)
         self.vapi.nat66_plugin_enable_disable(enable=1)
@@ -915,39 +1033,37 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         for epg in epgs:
             # IP config on the BVI interfaces
             if epg != epgs[1] and epg != epgs[4]:
-                b4 = VppIpInterfaceBind(self, epg.bvi,
-                                        epg.rd.t4).add_vpp_config()
-                b6 = VppIpInterfaceBind(self, epg.bvi,
-                                        epg.rd.t6).add_vpp_config()
+                b4 = VppIpInterfaceBind(self, epg.bvi, epg.rd.t4).add_vpp_config()
+                b6 = VppIpInterfaceBind(self, epg.bvi, epg.rd.t6).add_vpp_config()
                 epg.bvi.set_mac(self.router_mac)
 
                 # The BVIs are NAT inside interfaces
                 flags = self.nat_config_flags.NAT_IS_INSIDE
                 self.vapi.nat44_interface_add_del_feature(
-                    sw_if_index=epg.bvi.sw_if_index,
-                    flags=flags, is_add=1)
+                    sw_if_index=epg.bvi.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+                )
                 self.vapi.nat66_add_del_interface(
-                    sw_if_index=epg.bvi.sw_if_index,
-                    flags=flags, is_add=1)
+                    sw_if_index=epg.bvi.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+                )
 
-            if_ip4 = VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, epg.bvi,
-                                           epg.bvi_ip4, 32,
-                                           bind=b4).add_vpp_config()
-            if_ip6 = VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, epg.bvi,
-                                           epg.bvi_ip6, 128,
-                                           bind=b6).add_vpp_config()
+            if_ip4 = VppIpInterfaceAddress(
+                self, epg.bvi, epg.bvi_ip4, 32, bind=b4
+            ).add_vpp_config()
+            if_ip6 = VppIpInterfaceAddress(
+                self, epg.bvi, epg.bvi_ip6, 128, bind=b6
+            ).add_vpp_config()
 
             # EPG uplink interfaces in the RD
             VppIpInterfaceBind(self, epg.uplink, epg.rd.t4).add_vpp_config()
             VppIpInterfaceBind(self, epg.uplink, epg.rd.t6).add_vpp_config()
 
             # add the BD ARP termination entry for BVI IP
-            epg.bd_arp_ip4 = VppBridgeDomainArpEntry(self, epg.bd.bd,
-                                                     str(self.router_mac),
-                                                     epg.bvi_ip4)
-            epg.bd_arp_ip6 = VppBridgeDomainArpEntry(self, epg.bd.bd,
-                                                     str(self.router_mac),
-                                                     epg.bvi_ip6)
+            epg.bd_arp_ip4 = VppBridgeDomainArpEntry(
+                self, epg.bd.bd, str(self.router_mac), epg.bvi_ip4
+            )
+            epg.bd_arp_ip6 = VppBridgeDomainArpEntry(
+                self, epg.bd.bd, str(self.router_mac), epg.bvi_ip6
+            )
             epg.bd_arp_ip4.add_vpp_config()
             epg.bd_arp_ip6.add_vpp_config()
 
@@ -956,22 +1072,24 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
 
         for recirc in recircs:
             # EPG's ingress recirculation interface maps to its RD
-            VppIpInterfaceBind(self, recirc.recirc,
-                               recirc.epg.rd.t4).add_vpp_config()
-            VppIpInterfaceBind(self, recirc.recirc,
-                               recirc.epg.rd.t6).add_vpp_config()
+            VppIpInterfaceBind(self, recirc.recirc, recirc.epg.rd.t4).add_vpp_config()
+            VppIpInterfaceBind(self, recirc.recirc, recirc.epg.rd.t6).add_vpp_config()
 
             self.vapi.nat44_interface_add_del_feature(
-                sw_if_index=recirc.recirc.sw_if_index, is_add=1)
+                sw_if_index=recirc.recirc.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+            )
             self.vapi.nat66_add_del_interface(
-                sw_if_index=recirc.recirc.sw_if_index, is_add=1)
+                sw_if_index=recirc.recirc.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+            )
 
             recirc.add_vpp_config()
 
         for recirc in recircs:
-            self.assertTrue(find_bridge_domain_port(self,
-                                                    recirc.epg.bd.bd.bd_id,
-                                                    recirc.recirc.sw_if_index))
+            self.assertTrue(
+                find_bridge_domain_port(
+                    self, recirc.epg.bd.bd.bd_id, recirc.recirc.sw_if_index
+                )
+            )
 
         for ep in eps:
             self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -991,12 +1109,12 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
                         external_ip_address=fip,
                         external_sw_if_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
                         vrf_id=0,
-                        flags=flags)
+                        flags=flags,
+                    )
                 else:
                     self.vapi.nat66_add_del_static_mapping(
-                        local_ip_address=ip,
-                        external_ip_address=fip,
-                        vrf_id=0, is_add=1)
+                        local_ip_address=ip, external_ip_address=fip, vrf_id=0, is_add=1
+                    )
 
             # VPP EP create ...
             ep.add_vpp_config()
@@ -1019,36 +1137,41 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
 
             # add the BD ARP termination entry for floating IP
             for fip in ep.fips:
-                ba = VppBridgeDomainArpEntry(self, epg_nat.bd.bd, ep.mac,
-                                             fip)
+                ba = VppBridgeDomainArpEntry(self, epg_nat.bd.bd, ep.mac, fip)
                 ba.add_vpp_config()
 
                 # floating IPs route via EPG recirc
                 r = VppIpRoute(
-                    self, fip, ip_address(fip).max_prefixlen,
-                    [VppRoutePath(fip,
-                                  ep.recirc.recirc.sw_if_index,
-                                  type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_DVR,
-                                  proto=get_dpo_proto(fip))],
-                    table_id=20)
+                    self,
+                    fip,
+                    ip_address(fip).max_prefixlen,
+                    [
+                        VppRoutePath(
+                            fip,
+                            ep.recirc.recirc.sw_if_index,
+                            type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_DVR,
+                            proto=get_dpo_proto(fip),
+                        )
+                    ],
+                    table_id=20,
+                )
                 r.add_vpp_config()
 
             # L2 FIB entries in the NAT EPG BD to bridge the packets from
             # the outside direct to the internal EPG
-            lf = VppL2FibEntry(self, epg_nat.bd.bd, ep.mac,
-                               ep.recirc.recirc, bvi_mac=0)
+            lf = VppL2FibEntry(self, epg_nat.bd.bd, ep.mac, ep.recirc.recirc, bvi_mac=0)
             lf.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # ARP packets for unknown IP are sent to the EPG uplink
         #
-        pkt_arp = (Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff",
-                         src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                   ARP(op="who-has",
-                       hwdst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff",
-                       hwsrc=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                       pdst="10.0.0.88",
-                       psrc="10.0.0.99"))
+        pkt_arp = Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg0.remote_mac) / ARP(
+            op="who-has",
+            hwdst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff",
+            hwsrc=self.pg0.remote_mac,
+            pdst="10.0.0.88",
+            psrc="10.0.0.99",
+        )
 
         self.vapi.cli("clear trace")
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkt_arp)
@@ -1061,33 +1184,35 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         #
         # ARP/ND packets get a response
         #
-        pkt_arp = (Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff",
-                         src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                   ARP(op="who-has",
-                       hwdst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff",
-                       hwsrc=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                       pdst=epgs[0].bvi_ip4,
-                       psrc=eps[0].ip4))
+        pkt_arp = Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg0.remote_mac) / ARP(
+            op="who-has",
+            hwdst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff",
+            hwsrc=self.pg0.remote_mac,
+            pdst=epgs[0].bvi_ip4,
+            psrc=eps[0].ip4,
+        )
 
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [pkt_arp], self.pg0)
 
         nsma = in6_getnsma(inet_pton(AF_INET6, eps[0].ip6))
         d = inet_ntop(AF_INET6, nsma)
-        pkt_nd = (Ether(dst=in6_getnsmac(nsma),
-                        src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                  IPv6(dst=d, src=eps[0].ip6) /
-                  ICMPv6ND_NS(tgt=epgs[0].bvi_ip6) /
-                  ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr(lladdr=self.pg0.remote_mac))
+        pkt_nd = (
+            Ether(dst=in6_getnsmac(nsma), src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(dst=d, src=eps[0].ip6)
+            / ICMPv6ND_NS(tgt=epgs[0].bvi_ip6)
+            / ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr(lladdr=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [pkt_nd], self.pg0)
 
         #
         # broadcast packets are flooded
         #
-        pkt_bcast = (Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff",
-                           src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                     IP(src=eps[0].ip4, dst="232.1.1.1") /
-                     UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                     Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        pkt_bcast = (
+            Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=eps[0].ip4, dst="232.1.1.1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         self.vapi.cli("clear trace")
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkt_bcast)
@@ -1103,52 +1228,74 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         #
         # packets to non-local L3 destinations dropped
         #
-        pkt_intra_epg_220_ip4 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                       dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-                                 IP(src=eps[0].ip4,
-                                    dst="10.0.0.99") /
-                                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-        pkt_inter_epg_222_ip4 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                       dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-                                 IP(src=eps[0].ip4,
-                                    dst="10.0.1.99") /
-                                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        pkt_intra_epg_220_ip4 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+            / IP(src=eps[0].ip4, dst="10.0.0.99")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
+        pkt_inter_epg_222_ip4 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+            / IP(src=eps[0].ip4, dst="10.0.1.99")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0,
-                                        pkt_intra_epg_220_ip4 * NUM_PKTS)
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, pkt_intra_epg_220_ip4 * NUM_PKTS)
 
-        pkt_inter_epg_222_ip6 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                       dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-                                 IPv6(src=eps[0].ip6,
-                                      dst="2001:10::99") /
-                                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0,
-                                        pkt_inter_epg_222_ip6 * NUM_PKTS)
+        pkt_inter_epg_222_ip6 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+            / IPv6(src=eps[0].ip6, dst="2001:10::99")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, pkt_inter_epg_222_ip6 * NUM_PKTS)
 
         #
         # Add the subnet routes
         #
         s41 = VppGbpSubnet(
-            self, rd0, "10.0.0.0", 24,
-            VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_STITCHED_INTERNAL)
+            self,
+            rd0,
+            "10.0.0.0",
+            24,
+            VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_STITCHED_INTERNAL,
+        )
         s42 = VppGbpSubnet(
-            self, rd0, "10.0.1.0", 24,
-            VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_STITCHED_INTERNAL)
+            self,
+            rd0,
+            "10.0.1.0",
+            24,
+            VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_STITCHED_INTERNAL,
+        )
         s43 = VppGbpSubnet(
-            self, rd0, "10.0.2.0", 24,
-            VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_STITCHED_INTERNAL)
+            self,
+            rd0,
+            "10.0.2.0",
+            24,
+            VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_STITCHED_INTERNAL,
+        )
         s61 = VppGbpSubnet(
-            self, rd0, "2001:10::1", 64,
-            VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_STITCHED_INTERNAL)
+            self,
+            rd0,
+            "2001:10::1",
+            64,
+            VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_STITCHED_INTERNAL,
+        )
         s62 = VppGbpSubnet(
-            self, rd0, "2001:10:1::1", 64,
-            VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_STITCHED_INTERNAL)
+            self,
+            rd0,
+            "2001:10:1::1",
+            64,
+            VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_STITCHED_INTERNAL,
+        )
         s63 = VppGbpSubnet(
-            self, rd0, "2001:10:2::1", 64,
-            VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_STITCHED_INTERNAL)
+            self,
+            rd0,
+            "2001:10:2::1",
+            64,
+            VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_STITCHED_INTERNAL,
+        )
         s41.add_vpp_config()
         s42.add_vpp_config()
         s43.add_vpp_config()
@@ -1156,15 +1303,15 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         s62.add_vpp_config()
         s63.add_vpp_config()
 
-        self.send_and_expect_bridged(eps[0].itf,
-                                     pkt_intra_epg_220_ip4 * NUM_PKTS,
-                                     eps[0].epg.uplink)
-        self.send_and_expect_bridged(eps[0].itf,
-                                     pkt_inter_epg_222_ip4 * NUM_PKTS,
-                                     eps[0].epg.uplink)
-        self.send_and_expect_bridged6(eps[0].itf,
-                                      pkt_inter_epg_222_ip6 * NUM_PKTS,
-                                      eps[0].epg.uplink)
+        self.send_and_expect_bridged(
+            eps[0].itf, pkt_intra_epg_220_ip4 * NUM_PKTS, eps[0].epg.uplink
+        )
+        self.send_and_expect_bridged(
+            eps[0].itf, pkt_inter_epg_222_ip4 * NUM_PKTS, eps[0].epg.uplink
+        )
+        self.send_and_expect_bridged6(
+            eps[0].itf, pkt_inter_epg_222_ip6 * NUM_PKTS, eps[0].epg.uplink
+        )
 
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh ip fib 11.0.0.2"))
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh gbp endpoint-group"))
@@ -1180,182 +1327,210 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         #
         # Packet destined to unknown unicast is sent on the epg uplink ...
         #
-        pkt_intra_epg_220_to_uplink = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                             dst="00:00:00:33:44:55") /
-                                       IP(src=eps[0].ip4,
-                                          dst="10.0.0.99") /
-                                       UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                                       Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        pkt_intra_epg_220_to_uplink = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst="00:00:00:33:44:55")
+            / IP(src=eps[0].ip4, dst="10.0.0.99")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
-        self.send_and_expect_bridged(eps[0].itf,
-                                     pkt_intra_epg_220_to_uplink * NUM_PKTS,
-                                     eps[0].epg.uplink)
+        self.send_and_expect_bridged(
+            eps[0].itf, pkt_intra_epg_220_to_uplink * NUM_PKTS, eps[0].epg.uplink
+        )
         # ... and nowhere else
         self.pg1.get_capture(0, timeout=0.1)
         self.pg1.assert_nothing_captured(remark="Flood onto other VMS")
 
-        pkt_intra_epg_221_to_uplink = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                                             dst="00:00:00:33:44:66") /
-                                       IP(src=eps[0].ip4,
-                                          dst="10.0.0.99") /
-                                       UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                                       Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        pkt_intra_epg_221_to_uplink = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst="00:00:00:33:44:66")
+            / IP(src=eps[0].ip4, dst="10.0.0.99")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
-        self.send_and_expect_bridged(eps[2].itf,
-                                     pkt_intra_epg_221_to_uplink * NUM_PKTS,
-                                     eps[2].epg.uplink)
+        self.send_and_expect_bridged(
+            eps[2].itf, pkt_intra_epg_221_to_uplink * NUM_PKTS, eps[2].epg.uplink
+        )
 
         #
         # Packets from the uplink are forwarded in the absence of a contract
         #
-        pkt_intra_epg_220_from_uplink = (Ether(src="00:00:00:33:44:55",
-                                               dst=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                                         IP(src=eps[0].ip4,
-                                            dst="10.0.0.99") /
-                                         UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                                         Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        pkt_intra_epg_220_from_uplink = (
+            Ether(src="00:00:00:33:44:55", dst=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=eps[0].ip4, dst="10.0.0.99")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
-        self.send_and_expect_bridged(self.pg4,
-                                     pkt_intra_epg_220_from_uplink * NUM_PKTS,
-                                     self.pg0)
+        self.send_and_expect_bridged(
+            self.pg4, pkt_intra_epg_220_from_uplink * NUM_PKTS, self.pg0
+        )
 
         #
         # in the absence of policy, endpoints in the same EPG
         # can communicate
         #
-        pkt_intra_epg = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                               dst=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-                         IP(src=eps[0].ip4,
-                            dst=eps[1].ip4) /
-                         UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                         Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        pkt_intra_epg = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=eps[0].ip4, dst=eps[1].ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
-        self.send_and_expect_bridged(self.pg0,
-                                     pkt_intra_epg * NUM_PKTS,
-                                     self.pg1)
+        self.send_and_expect_bridged(self.pg0, pkt_intra_epg * NUM_PKTS, self.pg1)
 
         #
         # in the absence of policy, endpoints in the different EPG
         # cannot communicate
         #
-        pkt_inter_epg_220_to_221 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                          dst=self.pg2.remote_mac) /
-                                    IP(src=eps[0].ip4,
-                                       dst=eps[2].ip4) /
-                                    UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                                    Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-        pkt_inter_epg_221_to_220 = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                                          dst=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                                    IP(src=eps[2].ip4,
-                                       dst=eps[0].ip4) /
-                                    UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                                    Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-        pkt_inter_epg_220_to_222 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                          dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-                                    IP(src=eps[0].ip4,
-                                       dst=eps[3].ip4) /
-                                    UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                                    Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        pkt_inter_epg_220_to_221 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=eps[0].ip4, dst=eps[2].ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
+        pkt_inter_epg_221_to_220 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=eps[2].ip4, dst=eps[0].ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
+        pkt_inter_epg_220_to_222 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+            / IP(src=eps[0].ip4, dst=eps[3].ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(eps[0].itf,
-                                        pkt_inter_epg_220_to_221 * NUM_PKTS)
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(eps[0].itf,
-                                        pkt_inter_epg_220_to_222 * NUM_PKTS)
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(eps[0].itf, pkt_inter_epg_220_to_221 * NUM_PKTS)
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(eps[0].itf, pkt_inter_epg_220_to_222 * NUM_PKTS)
 
         #
         # A uni-directional contract from EPG 220 -> 221
         #
         rule = AclRule(is_permit=1, proto=17)
-        rule2 = AclRule(src_prefix=IPv6Network((0, 0)),
-                        dst_prefix=IPv6Network((0, 0)), is_permit=1, proto=17)
+        rule2 = AclRule(
+            src_prefix=IPv6Network((0, 0)),
+            dst_prefix=IPv6Network((0, 0)),
+            is_permit=1,
+            proto=17,
+        )
         acl = VppAcl(self, rules=[rule, rule2])
         acl.add_vpp_config()
 
         c1 = VppGbpContract(
-            self, 400, epgs[0].sclass, epgs[1].sclass, acl.acl_index,
-            [VppGbpContractRule(
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                []),
+            self,
+            400,
+            epgs[0].sclass,
+            epgs[1].sclass,
+            acl.acl_index,
+            [
                 VppGbpContractRule(
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                    [])],
-            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6])
+                    [],
+                ),
+                VppGbpContractRule(
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
+                    [],
+                ),
+            ],
+            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6],
+        )
         c1.add_vpp_config()
 
-        self.send_and_expect_bridged(eps[0].itf,
-                                     pkt_inter_epg_220_to_221 * NUM_PKTS,
-                                     eps[2].itf)
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(eps[0].itf,
-                                        pkt_inter_epg_220_to_222 * NUM_PKTS)
+        self.send_and_expect_bridged(
+            eps[0].itf, pkt_inter_epg_220_to_221 * NUM_PKTS, eps[2].itf
+        )
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(eps[0].itf, pkt_inter_epg_220_to_222 * NUM_PKTS)
 
         #
         # contract for the return direction
         #
         c2 = VppGbpContract(
-            self, 400, epgs[1].sclass, epgs[0].sclass, acl.acl_index,
-            [VppGbpContractRule(
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                []),
+            self,
+            400,
+            epgs[1].sclass,
+            epgs[0].sclass,
+            acl.acl_index,
+            [
                 VppGbpContractRule(
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                    [])],
-            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6])
+                    [],
+                ),
+                VppGbpContractRule(
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
+                    [],
+                ),
+            ],
+            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6],
+        )
         c2.add_vpp_config()
 
-        self.send_and_expect_bridged(eps[0].itf,
-                                     pkt_inter_epg_220_to_221 * NUM_PKTS,
-                                     eps[2].itf)
-        self.send_and_expect_bridged(eps[2].itf,
-                                     pkt_inter_epg_221_to_220 * NUM_PKTS,
-                                     eps[0].itf)
+        self.send_and_expect_bridged(
+            eps[0].itf, pkt_inter_epg_220_to_221 * NUM_PKTS, eps[2].itf
+        )
+        self.send_and_expect_bridged(
+            eps[2].itf, pkt_inter_epg_221_to_220 * NUM_PKTS, eps[0].itf
+        )
 
         ds = c2.get_drop_stats()
-        self.assertEqual(ds['packets'], 0)
+        self.assertEqual(ds["packets"], 0)
         ps = c2.get_permit_stats()
-        self.assertEqual(ps['packets'], NUM_PKTS)
+        self.assertEqual(ps["packets"], NUM_PKTS)
 
         #
         # the contract does not allow non-IP
         #
-        pkt_non_ip_inter_epg_220_to_221 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                                 dst=self.pg2.remote_mac) /
-                                           ARP())
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(eps[0].itf,
-                                        pkt_non_ip_inter_epg_220_to_221 * 17)
+        pkt_non_ip_inter_epg_220_to_221 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.remote_mac) / ARP()
+        )
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
+            eps[0].itf, pkt_non_ip_inter_epg_220_to_221 * 17
+        )
 
         #
         # check that inter group is still disabled for the groups
         # not in the contract.
         #
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(eps[0].itf,
-                                        pkt_inter_epg_220_to_222 * NUM_PKTS)
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(eps[0].itf, pkt_inter_epg_220_to_222 * NUM_PKTS)
 
         #
         # A uni-directional contract from EPG 220 -> 222 'L3 routed'
         #
         c3 = VppGbpContract(
-            self, 400, epgs[0].sclass, epgs[2].sclass, acl.acl_index,
-            [VppGbpContractRule(
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                []),
+            self,
+            400,
+            epgs[0].sclass,
+            epgs[2].sclass,
+            acl.acl_index,
+            [
                 VppGbpContractRule(
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                    [])],
-            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6])
+                    [],
+                ),
+                VppGbpContractRule(
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
+                    [],
+                ),
+            ],
+            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6],
+        )
         c3.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh gbp contract"))
 
-        self.send_and_expect_routed(eps[0].itf,
-                                    pkt_inter_epg_220_to_222 * NUM_PKTS,
-                                    eps[3].itf,
-                                    str(self.router_mac))
+        self.send_and_expect_routed(
+            eps[0].itf,
+            pkt_inter_epg_220_to_222 * NUM_PKTS,
+            eps[3].itf,
+            str(self.router_mac),
+        )
         #
         # remove both contracts, traffic stops in both directions
         #
@@ -1364,13 +1539,9 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         c3.remove_vpp_config()
         acl.remove_vpp_config()
 
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(eps[2].itf,
-                                        pkt_inter_epg_221_to_220 * NUM_PKTS)
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(eps[0].itf,
-                                        pkt_inter_epg_220_to_221 * NUM_PKTS)
-        self.send_and_expect_bridged(eps[0].itf,
-                                     pkt_intra_epg * NUM_PKTS,
-                                     eps[1].itf)
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(eps[2].itf, pkt_inter_epg_221_to_220 * NUM_PKTS)
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(eps[0].itf, pkt_inter_epg_220_to_221 * NUM_PKTS)
+        self.send_and_expect_bridged(eps[0].itf, pkt_intra_epg * NUM_PKTS, eps[1].itf)
 
         #
         # EPs to the outside world
@@ -1378,36 +1549,60 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
 
         # in the EP's RD an external subnet via the NAT EPG's recirc
         se1 = VppGbpSubnet(
-            self, rd0, "0.0.0.0", 0,
+            self,
+            rd0,
+            "0.0.0.0",
+            0,
             VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_STITCHED_EXTERNAL,
             sw_if_index=recirc_nat.recirc.sw_if_index,
-            sclass=epg_nat.sclass)
+            sclass=epg_nat.sclass,
+        )
         se2 = VppGbpSubnet(
-            self, rd0, "11.0.0.0", 8,
+            self,
+            rd0,
+            "11.0.0.0",
+            8,
             VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_STITCHED_EXTERNAL,
             sw_if_index=recirc_nat.recirc.sw_if_index,
-            sclass=epg_nat.sclass)
+            sclass=epg_nat.sclass,
+        )
         se16 = VppGbpSubnet(
-            self, rd0, "::", 0,
+            self,
+            rd0,
+            "::",
+            0,
             VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_STITCHED_EXTERNAL,
             sw_if_index=recirc_nat.recirc.sw_if_index,
-            sclass=epg_nat.sclass)
+            sclass=epg_nat.sclass,
+        )
         # in the NAT RD an external subnet via the NAT EPG's uplink
         se3 = VppGbpSubnet(
-            self, rd20, "0.0.0.0", 0,
+            self,
+            rd20,
+            "0.0.0.0",
+            0,
             VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_STITCHED_EXTERNAL,
             sw_if_index=epg_nat.uplink.sw_if_index,
-            sclass=epg_nat.sclass)
+            sclass=epg_nat.sclass,
+        )
         se36 = VppGbpSubnet(
-            self, rd20, "::", 0,
+            self,
+            rd20,
+            "::",
+            0,
             VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_STITCHED_EXTERNAL,
             sw_if_index=epg_nat.uplink.sw_if_index,
-            sclass=epg_nat.sclass)
+            sclass=epg_nat.sclass,
+        )
         se4 = VppGbpSubnet(
-            self, rd20, "11.0.0.0", 8,
+            self,
+            rd20,
+            "11.0.0.0",
+            8,
             VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_STITCHED_EXTERNAL,
             sw_if_index=epg_nat.uplink.sw_if_index,
-            sclass=epg_nat.sclass)
+            sclass=epg_nat.sclass,
+        )
         se1.add_vpp_config()
         se2.add_vpp_config()
         se16.add_vpp_config()
@@ -1418,132 +1613,153 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh ip fib 0.0.0.0/0"))
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh ip fib 11.0.0.1"))
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh ip6 fib ::/0"))
-        self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh ip6 fib %s" %
-                                       eps[0].fip6))
+        self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh ip6 fib %s" % eps[0].fip6))
 
         #
         # From an EP to an outside address: IN2OUT
         #
-        pkt_inter_epg_220_to_global = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                             dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-                                       IP(src=eps[0].ip4,
-                                          dst="1.1.1.1") /
-                                       UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                                       Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        pkt_inter_epg_220_to_global = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+            / IP(src=eps[0].ip4, dst="1.1.1.1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         # no policy yet
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(eps[0].itf,
-                                        pkt_inter_epg_220_to_global * NUM_PKTS)
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
+            eps[0].itf, pkt_inter_epg_220_to_global * NUM_PKTS
+        )
         rule = AclRule(is_permit=1, proto=17, ports=1234)
-        rule2 = AclRule(is_permit=1, proto=17, ports=1234,
-                        src_prefix=IPv6Network((0, 0)),
-                        dst_prefix=IPv6Network((0, 0)))
+        rule2 = AclRule(
+            is_permit=1,
+            proto=17,
+            ports=1234,
+            src_prefix=IPv6Network((0, 0)),
+            dst_prefix=IPv6Network((0, 0)),
+        )
         acl2 = VppAcl(self, rules=[rule, rule2])
         acl2.add_vpp_config()
 
         c4 = VppGbpContract(
-            self, 400, epgs[0].sclass, epgs[3].sclass, acl2.acl_index,
-            [VppGbpContractRule(
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                []),
+            self,
+            400,
+            epgs[0].sclass,
+            epgs[3].sclass,
+            acl2.acl_index,
+            [
                 VppGbpContractRule(
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                    [])],
-            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6])
+                    [],
+                ),
+                VppGbpContractRule(
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
+                    [],
+                ),
+            ],
+            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6],
+        )
         c4.add_vpp_config()
 
-        self.send_and_expect_natted(eps[0].itf,
-                                    pkt_inter_epg_220_to_global * NUM_PKTS,
-                                    self.pg7,
-                                    eps[0].fip4)
+        self.send_and_expect_natted(
+            eps[0].itf, pkt_inter_epg_220_to_global * NUM_PKTS, self.pg7, eps[0].fip4
+        )
 
-        pkt_inter_epg_220_to_global = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                             dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-                                       IPv6(src=eps[0].ip6,
-                                            dst="6001::1") /
-                                       UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                                       Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        pkt_inter_epg_220_to_global = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+            / IPv6(src=eps[0].ip6, dst="6001::1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
-        self.send_and_expect_natted6(self.pg0,
-                                     pkt_inter_epg_220_to_global * NUM_PKTS,
-                                     self.pg7,
-                                     eps[0].fip6)
+        self.send_and_expect_natted6(
+            self.pg0, pkt_inter_epg_220_to_global * NUM_PKTS, self.pg7, eps[0].fip6
+        )
         #
         # From a global address to an EP: OUT2IN
         #
-        pkt_inter_epg_220_from_global = (Ether(src=str(self.router_mac),
-                                               dst=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                                         IP(dst=eps[0].fip4,
-                                            src="1.1.1.1") /
-                                         UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                                         Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        pkt_inter_epg_220_from_global = (
+            Ether(src=str(self.router_mac), dst=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(dst=eps[0].fip4, src="1.1.1.1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
-            self.pg7, pkt_inter_epg_220_from_global * NUM_PKTS)
+            self.pg7, pkt_inter_epg_220_from_global * NUM_PKTS
+        )
 
         c5 = VppGbpContract(
-            self, 400, epgs[3].sclass, epgs[0].sclass, acl2.acl_index,
-            [VppGbpContractRule(
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                []),
+            self,
+            400,
+            epgs[3].sclass,
+            epgs[0].sclass,
+            acl2.acl_index,
+            [
                 VppGbpContractRule(
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                    [])],
-            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6])
+                    [],
+                ),
+                VppGbpContractRule(
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
+                    [],
+                ),
+            ],
+            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6],
+        )
         c5.add_vpp_config()
 
-        self.send_and_expect_unnatted(self.pg7,
-                                      pkt_inter_epg_220_from_global * NUM_PKTS,
-                                      eps[0].itf,
-                                      eps[0].ip4)
+        self.send_and_expect_unnatted(
+            self.pg7, pkt_inter_epg_220_from_global * NUM_PKTS, eps[0].itf, eps[0].ip4
+        )
 
-        pkt_inter_epg_220_from_global = (Ether(src=str(self.router_mac),
-                                               dst=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                                         IPv6(dst=eps[0].fip6,
-                                              src="6001::1") /
-                                         UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                                         Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        pkt_inter_epg_220_from_global = (
+            Ether(src=str(self.router_mac), dst=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(dst=eps[0].fip6, src="6001::1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         self.send_and_expect_unnatted6(
-            self.pg7,
-            pkt_inter_epg_220_from_global * NUM_PKTS,
-            eps[0].itf,
-            eps[0].ip6)
+            self.pg7, pkt_inter_epg_220_from_global * NUM_PKTS, eps[0].itf, eps[0].ip6
+        )
 
         #
         # From a local VM to another local VM using resp. public addresses:
         #  IN2OUT2IN
         #
-        pkt_intra_epg_220_global = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                          dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-                                    IP(src=eps[0].ip4,
-                                       dst=eps[1].fip4) /
-                                    UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                                    Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        pkt_intra_epg_220_global = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+            / IP(src=eps[0].ip4, dst=eps[1].fip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
-        self.send_and_expect_double_natted(eps[0].itf,
-                                           pkt_intra_epg_220_global * NUM_PKTS,
-                                           eps[1].itf,
-                                           eps[0].fip4,
-                                           eps[1].ip4)
+        self.send_and_expect_double_natted(
+            eps[0].itf,
+            pkt_intra_epg_220_global * NUM_PKTS,
+            eps[1].itf,
+            eps[0].fip4,
+            eps[1].ip4,
+        )
 
-        pkt_intra_epg_220_global = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                          dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-                                    IPv6(src=eps[0].ip6,
-                                         dst=eps[1].fip6) /
-                                    UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                                    Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        pkt_intra_epg_220_global = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+            / IPv6(src=eps[0].ip6, dst=eps[1].fip6)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         self.send_and_expect_double_natted6(
             eps[0].itf,
             pkt_intra_epg_220_global * NUM_PKTS,
             eps[1].itf,
             eps[0].fip6,
-            eps[1].ip6)
+            eps[1].ip6,
+        )
 
         #
         # cleanup
@@ -1551,36 +1767,37 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         self.vapi.nat44_ed_plugin_enable_disable(enable=0)
         self.vapi.nat66_plugin_enable_disable(enable=0)
 
-    def wait_for_ep_timeout(self, sw_if_index=None, ip=None, mac=None,
-                            tep=None, n_tries=100, s_time=1):
+    def wait_for_ep_timeout(
+        self, sw_if_index=None, ip=None, mac=None, tep=None, n_tries=100, s_time=1
+    ):
         # only learnt EP can timeout
         ep_flags = VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_endpoint_flags_t
         flags = ep_flags.GBP_API_ENDPOINT_FLAG_LEARNT
-        while (n_tries):
-            if not find_gbp_endpoint(self, sw_if_index, ip, mac, tep=tep,
-                                     flags=flags):
+        while n_tries:
+            if not find_gbp_endpoint(self, sw_if_index, ip, mac, tep=tep, flags=flags):
                 return True
             n_tries = n_tries - 1
             self.sleep(s_time)
-        self.assertFalse(find_gbp_endpoint(self, sw_if_index, ip, mac, tep=tep,
-                                           flags=flags))
+        self.assertFalse(
+            find_gbp_endpoint(self, sw_if_index, ip, mac, tep=tep, flags=flags)
+        )
         return False
 
     def test_gbp_learn_l2(self):
-        """ GBP L2 Endpoint Learning """
+        """GBP L2 Endpoint Learning"""
 
         drop_no_contract = self.statistics.get_err_counter(
-            '/err/gbp-policy-port/drop-no-contract')
+            "/err/gbp-policy-port/drop-no-contract"
+        )
         allow_intra_class = self.statistics.get_err_counter(
-            '/err/gbp-policy-port/allow-intra-sclass')
+            "/err/gbp-policy-port/allow-intra-sclass"
+        )
 
         ep_flags = VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_endpoint_flags_t
-        learnt = [{'mac': '00:00:11:11:11:01',
-                   'ip': '10.0.0.1',
-                   'ip6': '2001:10::2'},
-                  {'mac': '00:00:11:11:11:02',
-                   'ip': '10.0.0.2',
-                   'ip6': '2001:10::3'}]
+        learnt = [
+            {"mac": "00:00:11:11:11:01", "ip": "10.0.0.1", "ip6": "2001:10::2"},
+            {"mac": "00:00:11:11:11:02", "ip": "10.0.0.2", "ip6": "2001:10::3"},
+        ]
 
         #
         # IP tables
@@ -1610,9 +1827,9 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         #
         # Add a mcast destination VXLAN-GBP tunnel for B&M traffic
         #
-        tun_bm = VppVxlanGbpTunnel(self, self.pg4.local_ip4,
-                                   "239.1.1.1", 88,
-                                   mcast_itf=self.pg4)
+        tun_bm = VppVxlanGbpTunnel(
+            self, self.pg4.local_ip4, "239.1.1.1", 88, mcast_itf=self.pg4
+        )
         tun_bm.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -1620,8 +1837,7 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         #
         bd1 = VppBridgeDomain(self, 1)
         bd1.add_vpp_config()
-        gbd1 = VppGbpBridgeDomain(self, bd1, rd1, self.loop0,
-                                  self.pg3, tun_bm)
+        gbd1 = VppGbpBridgeDomain(self, bd1, rd1, self.loop0, self.pg3, tun_bm)
         gbd1.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh bridge 1 detail"))
@@ -1634,17 +1850,31 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         #
         # The Endpoint-group in which we are learning endpoints
         #
-        epg_220 = VppGbpEndpointGroup(self, 220, 112, rd1, gbd1,
-                                      None, self.loop0,
-                                      "10.0.0.128",
-                                      "2001:10::128",
-                                      VppGbpEndpointRetention(4))
+        epg_220 = VppGbpEndpointGroup(
+            self,
+            220,
+            112,
+            rd1,
+            gbd1,
+            None,
+            self.loop0,
+            "10.0.0.128",
+            "2001:10::128",
+            VppGbpEndpointRetention(4),
+        )
         epg_220.add_vpp_config()
-        epg_330 = VppGbpEndpointGroup(self, 330, 113, rd1, gbd1,
-                                      None, self.loop1,
-                                      "10.0.1.128",
-                                      "2001:11::128",
-                                      VppGbpEndpointRetention(4))
+        epg_330 = VppGbpEndpointGroup(
+            self,
+            330,
+            113,
+            rd1,
+            gbd1,
+            None,
+            self.loop1,
+            "10.0.1.128",
+            "2001:11::128",
+            VppGbpEndpointRetention(4),
+        )
         epg_330.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -1652,51 +1882,61 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         # learning enabled
         #
         vx_tun_l2_1 = VppGbpVxlanTunnel(
-            self, 99, bd1.bd_id,
+            self,
+            99,
+            bd1.bd_id,
             VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_vxlan_tunnel_mode_t.GBP_VXLAN_TUNNEL_MODE_L2,
-            self.pg2.local_ip4)
+            self.pg2.local_ip4,
+        )
         vx_tun_l2_1.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # A static endpoint that the learnt endpoints are trying to
         # talk to
         #
-        ep = VppGbpEndpoint(self, self.pg0,
-                            epg_220, None,
-                            "10.0.0.127", "11.0.0.127",
-                            "2001:10::1", "3001::1")
+        ep = VppGbpEndpoint(
+            self,
+            self.pg0,
+            epg_220,
+            None,
+            "10.0.0.127",
+            "11.0.0.127",
+            "2001:10::1",
+            "3001::1",
+        )
         ep.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.assertTrue(find_route(self, ep.ip4, 32, table_id=1))
 
         # a packet with an sclass from an unknown EPG
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                   dst=self.pg2.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg2.remote_hosts[0].ip4,
-                dst=self.pg2.local_ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879) /
-             VXLAN(vni=99, gpid=88, flags=0x88) /
-             Ether(src=learnt[0]["mac"], dst=ep.mac) /
-             IP(src=learnt[0]["ip"], dst=ep.ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg2.remote_hosts[0].ip4, dst=self.pg2.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879)
+            / VXLAN(vni=99, gpid=88, flags=0x88)
+            / Ether(src=learnt[0]["mac"], dst=ep.mac)
+            / IP(src=learnt[0]["ip"], dst=ep.ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg2, p)
 
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh error"))
         self.assert_error_counter_equal(
-            '/err/gbp-policy-port/drop-no-contract',
-            drop_no_contract + 1)
+            "/err/gbp-policy-port/drop-no-contract", drop_no_contract + 1
+        )
 
         #
         # we should not have learnt a new tunnel endpoint, since
         # the EPG was not learnt.
         #
-        self.assertEqual(INDEX_INVALID,
-                         find_vxlan_gbp_tunnel(self,
-                                               self.pg2.local_ip4,
-                                               self.pg2.remote_hosts[0].ip4,
-                                               99))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            INDEX_INVALID,
+            find_vxlan_gbp_tunnel(
+                self, self.pg2.local_ip4, self.pg2.remote_hosts[0].ip4, 99
+            ),
+        )
 
         # ep is not learnt, because the EPG is unknown
         self.assertEqual(len(self.vapi.gbp_endpoint_dump()), 1)
@@ -1707,41 +1947,39 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         for ii, l in enumerate(learnt):
             # a packet with an sclass from a known EPG
             # arriving on an unknown TEP
-            p = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.pg2.local_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
-                    dst=self.pg2.local_ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879) /
-                 VXLAN(vni=99, gpid=112, flags=0x88) /
-                 Ether(src=l['mac'], dst=ep.mac) /
-                 IP(src=l['ip'], dst=ep.ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+            p = (
+                Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4, dst=self.pg2.local_ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879)
+                / VXLAN(vni=99, gpid=112, flags=0x88)
+                / Ether(src=l["mac"], dst=ep.mac)
+                / IP(src=l["ip"], dst=ep.ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
 
             rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, [p], self.pg0)
 
             # the new TEP
             tep1_sw_if_index = find_vxlan_gbp_tunnel(
-                self,
-                self.pg2.local_ip4,
-                self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
-                99)
+                self, self.pg2.local_ip4, self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4, 99
+            )
             self.assertNotEqual(INDEX_INVALID, tep1_sw_if_index)
 
             #
             # the EP is learnt via the learnt TEP
             # both from its MAC and its IP
             #
-            self.assertTrue(find_gbp_endpoint(self,
-                                              vx_tun_l2_1.sw_if_index,
-                                              mac=l['mac']))
-            self.assertTrue(find_gbp_endpoint(self,
-                                              vx_tun_l2_1.sw_if_index,
-                                              ip=l['ip']))
+            self.assertTrue(
+                find_gbp_endpoint(self, vx_tun_l2_1.sw_if_index, mac=l["mac"])
+            )
+            self.assertTrue(
+                find_gbp_endpoint(self, vx_tun_l2_1.sw_if_index, ip=l["ip"])
+            )
 
         self.assert_error_counter_equal(
-            '/err/gbp-policy-port/allow-intra-sclass',
-            allow_intra_class + 2)
+            "/err/gbp-policy-port/allow-intra-sclass", allow_intra_class + 2
+        )
 
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show gbp endpoint"))
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show gbp vxlan"))
@@ -1752,8 +1990,7 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         # age out
         #
         for l in learnt:
-            self.wait_for_ep_timeout(vx_tun_l2_1.sw_if_index,
-                                     mac=l['mac'])
+            self.wait_for_ep_timeout(vx_tun_l2_1.sw_if_index, mac=l["mac"])
 
         #
         # Learn new EPs from GARP packets received on the BD's mcast tunnel
@@ -1762,44 +1999,45 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
             # add some junk in the reserved field of the vxlan-header
             # next to the VNI. we should accept since reserved bits are
             # ignored on rx.
-            p = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.pg2.local_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
-                    dst="239.1.1.1") /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879) /
-                 VXLAN(vni=88, reserved2=0x80, gpid=112, flags=0x88) /
-                 Ether(src=l['mac'], dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff") /
-                 ARP(op="who-has",
-                     psrc=l['ip'], pdst=l['ip'],
-                     hwsrc=l['mac'], hwdst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff"))
+            p = (
+                Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4, dst="239.1.1.1")
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879)
+                / VXLAN(vni=88, reserved2=0x80, gpid=112, flags=0x88)
+                / Ether(src=l["mac"], dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff")
+                / ARP(
+                    op="who-has",
+                    psrc=l["ip"],
+                    pdst=l["ip"],
+                    hwsrc=l["mac"],
+                    hwdst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff",
+                )
+            )
 
             rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg4, [p], self.pg0)
 
             # the new TEP
             tep1_sw_if_index = find_vxlan_gbp_tunnel(
-                self,
-                self.pg2.local_ip4,
-                self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
-                99)
+                self, self.pg2.local_ip4, self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4, 99
+            )
             self.assertNotEqual(INDEX_INVALID, tep1_sw_if_index)
 
             #
             # the EP is learnt via the learnt TEP
             # both from its MAC and its IP
             #
-            self.assertTrue(find_gbp_endpoint(self,
-                                              vx_tun_l2_1.sw_if_index,
-                                              mac=l['mac']))
-            self.assertTrue(find_gbp_endpoint(self,
-                                              vx_tun_l2_1.sw_if_index,
-                                              ip=l['ip']))
+            self.assertTrue(
+                find_gbp_endpoint(self, vx_tun_l2_1.sw_if_index, mac=l["mac"])
+            )
+            self.assertTrue(
+                find_gbp_endpoint(self, vx_tun_l2_1.sw_if_index, ip=l["ip"])
+            )
 
         #
         # wait for the learnt endpoints to age out
         #
         for l in learnt:
-            self.wait_for_ep_timeout(vx_tun_l2_1.sw_if_index,
-                                     mac=l['mac'])
+            self.wait_for_ep_timeout(vx_tun_l2_1.sw_if_index, mac=l["mac"])
 
         #
         # Learn new EPs from L2 packets
@@ -1807,32 +2045,30 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         for ii, l in enumerate(learnt):
             # a packet with an sclass from a known EPG
             # arriving on an unknown TEP
-            p = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.pg2.local_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
-                    dst=self.pg2.local_ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879) /
-                 VXLAN(vni=99, gpid=112, flags=0x88) /
-                 Ether(src=l['mac'], dst=ep.mac) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+            p = (
+                Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4, dst=self.pg2.local_ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879)
+                / VXLAN(vni=99, gpid=112, flags=0x88)
+                / Ether(src=l["mac"], dst=ep.mac)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
 
             rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, [p], self.pg0)
 
             # the new TEP
             tep1_sw_if_index = find_vxlan_gbp_tunnel(
-                self,
-                self.pg2.local_ip4,
-                self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
-                99)
+                self, self.pg2.local_ip4, self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4, 99
+            )
             self.assertNotEqual(INDEX_INVALID, tep1_sw_if_index)
 
             #
             # the EP is learnt via the learnt TEP
             # both from its MAC and its IP
             #
-            self.assertTrue(find_gbp_endpoint(self,
-                                              vx_tun_l2_1.sw_if_index,
-                                              mac=l['mac']))
+            self.assertTrue(
+                find_gbp_endpoint(self, vx_tun_l2_1.sw_if_index, mac=l["mac"])
+            )
 
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show gbp endpoint"))
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show gbp vxlan"))
@@ -1842,31 +2078,30 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         # wait for the learnt endpoints to age out
         #
         for l in learnt:
-            self.wait_for_ep_timeout(vx_tun_l2_1.sw_if_index,
-                                     mac=l['mac'])
+            self.wait_for_ep_timeout(vx_tun_l2_1.sw_if_index, mac=l["mac"])
 
         #
         # repeat. the do not learn bit is set so the EPs are not learnt
         #
         for l in learnt:
             # a packet with an sclass from a known EPG
-            p = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.pg2.local_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
-                    dst=self.pg2.local_ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879) /
-                 VXLAN(vni=99, gpid=112, flags=0x88, gpflags="D") /
-                 Ether(src=l['mac'], dst=ep.mac) /
-                 IP(src=l['ip'], dst=ep.ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+            p = (
+                Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4, dst=self.pg2.local_ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879)
+                / VXLAN(vni=99, gpid=112, flags=0x88, gpflags="D")
+                / Ether(src=l["mac"], dst=ep.mac)
+                / IP(src=l["ip"], dst=ep.ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
 
             rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, p * NUM_PKTS, self.pg0)
 
         for l in learnt:
-            self.assertFalse(find_gbp_endpoint(self,
-                                               vx_tun_l2_1.sw_if_index,
-                                               mac=l['mac']))
+            self.assertFalse(
+                find_gbp_endpoint(self, vx_tun_l2_1.sw_if_index, mac=l["mac"])
+            )
 
         #
         # repeat
@@ -1875,32 +2110,34 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
             # a packet with an sclass from a known EPG
             # set a reserved bit in addition to the G and I
             # reserved bits should not be checked on rx.
-            p = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.pg2.local_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
-                    dst=self.pg2.local_ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879) /
-                 VXLAN(vni=99, gpid=112, flags=0xc8) /
-                 Ether(src=l['mac'], dst=ep.mac) /
-                 IP(src=l['ip'], dst=ep.ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+            p = (
+                Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4, dst=self.pg2.local_ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879)
+                / VXLAN(vni=99, gpid=112, flags=0xC8)
+                / Ether(src=l["mac"], dst=ep.mac)
+                / IP(src=l["ip"], dst=ep.ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
 
             rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, p * NUM_PKTS, self.pg0)
 
-            self.assertTrue(find_gbp_endpoint(self,
-                                              vx_tun_l2_1.sw_if_index,
-                                              mac=l['mac']))
+            self.assertTrue(
+                find_gbp_endpoint(self, vx_tun_l2_1.sw_if_index, mac=l["mac"])
+            )
 
         #
         # Static EP replies to dynamics
         #
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh l2fib bd_id 1"))
         for l in learnt:
-            p = (Ether(src=ep.mac, dst=l['mac']) /
-                 IP(dst=l['ip'], src=ep.ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+            p = (
+                Ether(src=ep.mac, dst=l["mac"])
+                / IP(dst=l["ip"], src=ep.ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
 
             rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * 17, self.pg2)
 
@@ -1917,8 +2154,7 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
                 self.assertFalse(rx[VXLAN].gpflags.D)
 
         for l in learnt:
-            self.wait_for_ep_timeout(vx_tun_l2_1.sw_if_index,
-                                     mac=l['mac'])
+            self.wait_for_ep_timeout(vx_tun_l2_1.sw_if_index, mac=l["mac"])
 
         #
         # repeat in the other EPG
@@ -1927,31 +2163,33 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         #
         for l in learnt:
             # a packet with an sclass from a known EPG
-            p = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.pg2.local_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
-                    dst=self.pg2.local_ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879) /
-                 VXLAN(vni=99, gpid=113, flags=0x88, gpflags='A') /
-                 Ether(src=l['mac'], dst=ep.mac) /
-                 IP(src=l['ip'], dst=ep.ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+            p = (
+                Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4, dst=self.pg2.local_ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879)
+                / VXLAN(vni=99, gpid=113, flags=0x88, gpflags="A")
+                / Ether(src=l["mac"], dst=ep.mac)
+                / IP(src=l["ip"], dst=ep.ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
 
             rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, p * NUM_PKTS, self.pg0)
 
-            self.assertTrue(find_gbp_endpoint(self,
-                                              vx_tun_l2_1.sw_if_index,
-                                              mac=l['mac']))
+            self.assertTrue(
+                find_gbp_endpoint(self, vx_tun_l2_1.sw_if_index, mac=l["mac"])
+            )
 
         #
         # static EP cannot reach the learnt EPs since there is no contract
         # only test 1 EP as the others could timeout
         #
-        p = (Ether(src=ep.mac, dst=l['mac']) /
-             IP(dst=learnt[0]['ip'], src=ep.ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=ep.mac, dst=l["mac"])
+            / IP(dst=learnt[0]["ip"], src=ep.ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, [p])
 
@@ -1960,50 +2198,65 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         #
         for l in learnt:
             # a packet with an sclass from a known EPG
-            p = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.pg2.local_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
-                    dst=self.pg2.local_ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879) /
-                 VXLAN(vni=99, gpid=113, flags=0x88, gpflags='A') /
-                 Ether(src=l['mac'], dst=ep.mac) /
-                 IP(src=l['ip'], dst=ep.ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+            p = (
+                Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4, dst=self.pg2.local_ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879)
+                / VXLAN(vni=99, gpid=113, flags=0x88, gpflags="A")
+                / Ether(src=l["mac"], dst=ep.mac)
+                / IP(src=l["ip"], dst=ep.ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
 
             rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, p * NUM_PKTS, self.pg0)
 
-            self.assertTrue(find_gbp_endpoint(self,
-                                              vx_tun_l2_1.sw_if_index,
-                                              mac=l['mac']))
+            self.assertTrue(
+                find_gbp_endpoint(self, vx_tun_l2_1.sw_if_index, mac=l["mac"])
+            )
 
         #
         # Add the contract so they can talk
         #
         rule = AclRule(is_permit=1, proto=17)
-        rule2 = AclRule(src_prefix=IPv6Network((0, 0)),
-                        dst_prefix=IPv6Network((0, 0)), is_permit=1, proto=17)
+        rule2 = AclRule(
+            src_prefix=IPv6Network((0, 0)),
+            dst_prefix=IPv6Network((0, 0)),
+            is_permit=1,
+            proto=17,
+        )
         acl = VppAcl(self, rules=[rule, rule2])
         acl.add_vpp_config()
 
         c1 = VppGbpContract(
-            self, 401, epg_220.sclass, epg_330.sclass, acl.acl_index,
-            [VppGbpContractRule(
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                []),
-             VppGbpContractRule(
-                 VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
-                 VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                 [])],
-            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6])
+            self,
+            401,
+            epg_220.sclass,
+            epg_330.sclass,
+            acl.acl_index,
+            [
+                VppGbpContractRule(
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
+                    [],
+                ),
+                VppGbpContractRule(
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
+                    [],
+                ),
+            ],
+            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6],
+        )
         c1.add_vpp_config()
 
         for l in learnt:
-            p = (Ether(src=ep.mac, dst=l['mac']) /
-                 IP(dst=l['ip'], src=ep.ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+            p = (
+                Ether(src=ep.mac, dst=l["mac"])
+                / IP(dst=l["ip"], src=ep.ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
 
             self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p], self.pg2)
 
@@ -2012,18 +2265,22 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         #
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh gbp bridge"))
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh bridge-domain 1 detail"))
-        p_uu = (Ether(src=ep.mac, dst="00:11:11:11:11:11") /
-                IP(dst="10.0.0.133", src=ep.ip4) /
-                UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p_uu = (
+            Ether(src=ep.mac, dst="00:11:11:11:11:11")
+            / IP(dst="10.0.0.133", src=ep.ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(ep.itf, [p_uu], gbd1.uu_fwd)
 
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh bridge 1 detail"))
 
-        p_bm = (Ether(src=ep.mac, dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff") /
-                IP(dst="10.0.0.133", src=ep.ip4) /
-                UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p_bm = (
+            Ether(src=ep.mac, dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff")
+            / IP(dst="10.0.0.133", src=ep.ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
         rxs = self.send_and_expect_only(ep.itf, [p_bm], tun_bm.mcast_itf)
 
         for rx in rxs:
@@ -2039,52 +2296,66 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
             self.assertFalse(rx[VXLAN].gpflags.D)
 
         rule = AclRule(is_permit=1, proto=17)
-        rule2 = AclRule(src_prefix=IPv6Network((0, 0)),
-                        dst_prefix=IPv6Network((0, 0)), is_permit=1, proto=17)
+        rule2 = AclRule(
+            src_prefix=IPv6Network((0, 0)),
+            dst_prefix=IPv6Network((0, 0)),
+            is_permit=1,
+            proto=17,
+        )
         acl = VppAcl(self, rules=[rule, rule2])
         acl.add_vpp_config()
 
         c2 = VppGbpContract(
-            self, 401, epg_330.sclass, epg_220.sclass, acl.acl_index,
-            [VppGbpContractRule(
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                []),
+            self,
+            401,
+            epg_330.sclass,
+            epg_220.sclass,
+            acl.acl_index,
+            [
                 VppGbpContractRule(
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                    [])],
-            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6])
+                    [],
+                ),
+                VppGbpContractRule(
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
+                    [],
+                ),
+            ],
+            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6],
+        )
         c2.add_vpp_config()
 
         for l in learnt:
-            self.wait_for_ep_timeout(vx_tun_l2_1.sw_if_index,
-                                     mac=l['mac'])
+            self.wait_for_ep_timeout(vx_tun_l2_1.sw_if_index, mac=l["mac"])
         #
         # Check v6 Endpoints learning
         #
         for l in learnt:
             # a packet with an sclass from a known EPG
-            p = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.pg2.local_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
-                    dst=self.pg2.local_ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879) /
-                 VXLAN(vni=99, gpid=113, flags=0x88) /
-                 Ether(src=l['mac'], dst=ep.mac) /
-                 IPv6(src=l['ip6'], dst=ep.ip6) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+            p = (
+                Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4, dst=self.pg2.local_ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879)
+                / VXLAN(vni=99, gpid=113, flags=0x88)
+                / Ether(src=l["mac"], dst=ep.mac)
+                / IPv6(src=l["ip6"], dst=ep.ip6)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
 
             rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, p * NUM_PKTS, self.pg0)
             rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, p * NUM_PKTS, self.pg0)
 
-            self.assertTrue(find_gbp_endpoint(
-                self,
-                vx_tun_l2_1.sw_if_index,
-                ip=l['ip6'],
-                tep=[self.pg2.local_ip4,
-                     self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4]))
+            self.assertTrue(
+                find_gbp_endpoint(
+                    self,
+                    vx_tun_l2_1.sw_if_index,
+                    ip=l["ip6"],
+                    tep=[self.pg2.local_ip4, self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4],
+                )
+            )
 
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh int"))
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh vxlan-gbp tunnel"))
@@ -2097,36 +2368,40 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         #
         for l in learnt:
             # a packet with an sclass from a known EPG
-            p = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.pg2.local_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg2.remote_hosts[2].ip4,
-                    dst=self.pg2.local_ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879) /
-                 VXLAN(vni=99, gpid=113, flags=0x88) /
-                 Ether(src=l['mac'], dst=ep.mac) /
-                 IPv6(src=l['ip6'], dst=ep.ip6) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+            p = (
+                Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg2.remote_hosts[2].ip4, dst=self.pg2.local_ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879)
+                / VXLAN(vni=99, gpid=113, flags=0x88)
+                / Ether(src=l["mac"], dst=ep.mac)
+                / IPv6(src=l["ip6"], dst=ep.ip6)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
 
             rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, p * 1, self.pg0)
             rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, p * NUM_PKTS, self.pg0)
 
-            self.assertTrue(find_gbp_endpoint(
-                self,
-                vx_tun_l2_1.sw_if_index,
-                sclass=113,
-                mac=l['mac'],
-                tep=[self.pg2.local_ip4,
-                     self.pg2.remote_hosts[2].ip4]))
+            self.assertTrue(
+                find_gbp_endpoint(
+                    self,
+                    vx_tun_l2_1.sw_if_index,
+                    sclass=113,
+                    mac=l["mac"],
+                    tep=[self.pg2.local_ip4, self.pg2.remote_hosts[2].ip4],
+                )
+            )
 
         #
         # v6 remote EP reachability
         #
         for l in learnt:
-            p = (Ether(src=ep.mac, dst=l['mac']) /
-                 IPv6(dst=l['ip6'], src=ep.ip6) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+            p = (
+                Ether(src=ep.mac, dst=l["mac"])
+                / IPv6(dst=l["ip6"], src=ep.ip6)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
 
             rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * NUM_PKTS, self.pg2)
 
@@ -2141,46 +2416,51 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
                 self.assertTrue(rx[VXLAN].flags.Instance)
                 self.assertTrue(rx[VXLAN].gpflags.A)
                 self.assertFalse(rx[VXLAN].gpflags.D)
-                self.assertEqual(rx[IPv6].dst, l['ip6'])
+                self.assertEqual(rx[IPv6].dst, l["ip6"])
 
         #
         # EP changes sclass
         #
         for l in learnt:
             # a packet with an sclass from a known EPG
-            p = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.pg2.local_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg2.remote_hosts[2].ip4,
-                    dst=self.pg2.local_ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879) /
-                 VXLAN(vni=99, gpid=112, flags=0x88) /
-                 Ether(src=l['mac'], dst=ep.mac) /
-                 IPv6(src=l['ip6'], dst=ep.ip6) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+            p = (
+                Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg2.remote_hosts[2].ip4, dst=self.pg2.local_ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879)
+                / VXLAN(vni=99, gpid=112, flags=0x88)
+                / Ether(src=l["mac"], dst=ep.mac)
+                / IPv6(src=l["ip6"], dst=ep.ip6)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
 
             rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, p * 1, self.pg0)
             rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, p * NUM_PKTS, self.pg0)
 
-            self.assertTrue(find_gbp_endpoint(
-                self,
-                vx_tun_l2_1.sw_if_index,
-                mac=l['mac'],
-                sclass=112,
-                tep=[self.pg2.local_ip4,
-                     self.pg2.remote_hosts[2].ip4]))
+            self.assertTrue(
+                find_gbp_endpoint(
+                    self,
+                    vx_tun_l2_1.sw_if_index,
+                    mac=l["mac"],
+                    sclass=112,
+                    tep=[self.pg2.local_ip4, self.pg2.remote_hosts[2].ip4],
+                )
+            )
 
         #
         # check reachability and contract intra-epg
         #
         allow_intra_class = self.statistics.get_err_counter(
-            '/err/gbp-policy-mac/allow-intra-sclass')
+            "/err/gbp-policy-mac/allow-intra-sclass"
+        )
 
         for l in learnt:
-            p = (Ether(src=ep.mac, dst=l['mac']) /
-                 IPv6(dst=l['ip6'], src=ep.ip6) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+            p = (
+                Ether(src=ep.mac, dst=l["mac"])
+                / IPv6(dst=l["ip6"], src=ep.ip6)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
 
             rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * NUM_PKTS, self.pg2)
 
@@ -2194,26 +2474,25 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
                 self.assertTrue(rx[VXLAN].flags.Instance)
                 self.assertTrue(rx[VXLAN].gpflags.A)
                 self.assertFalse(rx[VXLAN].gpflags.D)
-                self.assertEqual(rx[IPv6].dst, l['ip6'])
+                self.assertEqual(rx[IPv6].dst, l["ip6"])
 
             allow_intra_class += NUM_PKTS
 
         self.assert_error_counter_equal(
-            '/err/gbp-policy-mac/allow-intra-sclass',
-            allow_intra_class)
+            "/err/gbp-policy-mac/allow-intra-sclass", allow_intra_class
+        )
 
         #
         # clean up
         #
         for l in learnt:
-            self.wait_for_ep_timeout(vx_tun_l2_1.sw_if_index,
-                                     mac=l['mac'])
+            self.wait_for_ep_timeout(vx_tun_l2_1.sw_if_index, mac=l["mac"])
         self.pg2.unconfig_ip4()
         self.pg3.unconfig_ip4()
         self.pg4.unconfig_ip4()
 
     def test_gbp_contract(self):
-        """ GBP Contracts """
+        """GBP Contracts"""
 
         #
         # Route Domains
@@ -2245,34 +2524,86 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         #
         # 3 EPGs, 2 of which share a BD.
         #
-        epgs = [VppGbpEndpointGroup(self, 220, 1220, rd0, gbd1,
-                                    None, self.loop0,
-                                    "10.0.0.128", "2001:10::128"),
-                VppGbpEndpointGroup(self, 221, 1221, rd0, gbd1,
-                                    None, self.loop0,
-                                    "10.0.1.128", "2001:10:1::128"),
-                VppGbpEndpointGroup(self, 222, 1222, rd0, gbd2,
-                                    None, self.loop1,
-                                    "10.0.2.128", "2001:10:2::128")]
+        epgs = [
+            VppGbpEndpointGroup(
+                self,
+                220,
+                1220,
+                rd0,
+                gbd1,
+                None,
+                self.loop0,
+                "10.0.0.128",
+                "2001:10::128",
+            ),
+            VppGbpEndpointGroup(
+                self,
+                221,
+                1221,
+                rd0,
+                gbd1,
+                None,
+                self.loop0,
+                "10.0.1.128",
+                "2001:10:1::128",
+            ),
+            VppGbpEndpointGroup(
+                self,
+                222,
+                1222,
+                rd0,
+                gbd2,
+                None,
+                self.loop1,
+                "10.0.2.128",
+                "2001:10:2::128",
+            ),
+        ]
         #
         # 4 end-points, 2 in the same subnet, 3 in the same BD
         #
-        eps = [VppGbpEndpoint(self, self.pg0,
-                              epgs[0], None,
-                              "10.0.0.1", "11.0.0.1",
-                              "2001:10::1", "3001::1"),
-               VppGbpEndpoint(self, self.pg1,
-                              epgs[0], None,
-                              "10.0.0.2", "11.0.0.2",
-                              "2001:10::2", "3001::2"),
-               VppGbpEndpoint(self, self.pg2,
-                              epgs[1], None,
-                              "10.0.1.1", "11.0.0.3",
-                              "2001:10:1::1", "3001::3"),
-               VppGbpEndpoint(self, self.pg3,
-                              epgs[2], None,
-                              "10.0.2.1", "11.0.0.4",
-                              "2001:10:2::1", "3001::4")]
+        eps = [
+            VppGbpEndpoint(
+                self,
+                self.pg0,
+                epgs[0],
+                None,
+                "10.0.0.1",
+                "11.0.0.1",
+                "2001:10::1",
+                "3001::1",
+            ),
+            VppGbpEndpoint(
+                self,
+                self.pg1,
+                epgs[0],
+                None,
+                "10.0.0.2",
+                "11.0.0.2",
+                "2001:10::2",
+                "3001::2",
+            ),
+            VppGbpEndpoint(
+                self,
+                self.pg2,
+                epgs[1],
+                None,
+                "10.0.1.1",
+                "11.0.0.3",
+                "2001:10:1::1",
+                "3001::3",
+            ),
+            VppGbpEndpoint(
+                self,
+                self.pg3,
+                epgs[2],
+                None,
+                "10.0.2.1",
+                "11.0.0.4",
+                "2001:10:2::1",
+                "3001::4",
+            ),
+        ]
 
         #
         # Config related to each of the EPGs
@@ -2280,23 +2611,21 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         for epg in epgs:
             # IP config on the BVI interfaces
             if epg != epgs[1]:
-                b4 = VppIpInterfaceBind(self, epg.bvi,
-                                        epg.rd.t4).add_vpp_config()
-                b6 = VppIpInterfaceBind(self, epg.bvi,
-                                        epg.rd.t6).add_vpp_config()
+                b4 = VppIpInterfaceBind(self, epg.bvi, epg.rd.t4).add_vpp_config()
+                b6 = VppIpInterfaceBind(self, epg.bvi, epg.rd.t6).add_vpp_config()
                 epg.bvi.set_mac(self.router_mac)
 
-            if_ip4 = VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, epg.bvi,
-                                           epg.bvi_ip4, 32,
-                                           bind=b4).add_vpp_config()
-            if_ip6 = VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, epg.bvi,
-                                           epg.bvi_ip6, 128,
-                                           bind=b6).add_vpp_config()
+            if_ip4 = VppIpInterfaceAddress(
+                self, epg.bvi, epg.bvi_ip4, 32, bind=b4
+            ).add_vpp_config()
+            if_ip6 = VppIpInterfaceAddress(
+                self, epg.bvi, epg.bvi_ip6, 128, bind=b6
+            ).add_vpp_config()
 
             # add the BD ARP termination entry for BVI IP
-            epg.bd_arp_ip4 = VppBridgeDomainArpEntry(self, epg.bd.bd,
-                                                     str(self.router_mac),
-                                                     epg.bvi_ip4)
+            epg.bd_arp_ip4 = VppBridgeDomainArpEntry(
+                self, epg.bd.bd, str(self.router_mac), epg.bvi_ip4
+            )
             epg.bd_arp_ip4.add_vpp_config()
 
             # EPG in VPP
@@ -2315,37 +2644,33 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         #
         # Intra epg allowed without contract
         #
-        pkt_intra_epg_220_to_220 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                          dst=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-                                    IP(src=eps[0].ip4,
-                                       dst=eps[1].ip4) /
-                                    UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                                    Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        pkt_intra_epg_220_to_220 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=eps[0].ip4, dst=eps[1].ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
-        self.send_and_expect_bridged(self.pg0,
-                                     pkt_intra_epg_220_to_220 * 65,
-                                     self.pg1)
+        self.send_and_expect_bridged(self.pg0, pkt_intra_epg_220_to_220 * 65, self.pg1)
 
-        pkt_intra_epg_220_to_220 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                          dst=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-                                    IPv6(src=eps[0].ip6,
-                                         dst=eps[1].ip6) /
-                                    UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                                    Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        pkt_intra_epg_220_to_220 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=eps[0].ip6, dst=eps[1].ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
-        self.send_and_expect_bridged6(self.pg0,
-                                      pkt_intra_epg_220_to_220 * 65,
-                                      self.pg1)
+        self.send_and_expect_bridged6(self.pg0, pkt_intra_epg_220_to_220 * 65, self.pg1)
 
         #
         # Inter epg denied without contract
         #
-        pkt_inter_epg_220_to_221 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                          dst=self.pg2.remote_mac) /
-                                    IP(src=eps[0].ip4,
-                                       dst=eps[2].ip4) /
-                                    UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                                    Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        pkt_inter_epg_220_to_221 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=eps[0].ip4, dst=eps[2].ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, pkt_inter_epg_220_to_221)
 
@@ -2353,58 +2678,71 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         # A uni-directional contract from EPG 220 -> 221
         #
         rule = AclRule(is_permit=1, proto=17)
-        rule2 = AclRule(src_prefix=IPv6Network((0, 0)),
-                        dst_prefix=IPv6Network((0, 0)), is_permit=1, proto=17)
+        rule2 = AclRule(
+            src_prefix=IPv6Network((0, 0)),
+            dst_prefix=IPv6Network((0, 0)),
+            is_permit=1,
+            proto=17,
+        )
         rule3 = AclRule(is_permit=1, proto=1)
         acl = VppAcl(self, rules=[rule, rule2, rule3])
         acl.add_vpp_config()
 
         c1 = VppGbpContract(
-            self, 400, epgs[0].sclass, epgs[1].sclass, acl.acl_index,
-            [VppGbpContractRule(
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                []),
-             VppGbpContractRule(
-                 VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
-                 VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                 []),
-             VppGbpContractRule(
-                 VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
-                 VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                 [])],
-            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6])
+            self,
+            400,
+            epgs[0].sclass,
+            epgs[1].sclass,
+            acl.acl_index,
+            [
+                VppGbpContractRule(
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
+                    [],
+                ),
+                VppGbpContractRule(
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
+                    [],
+                ),
+                VppGbpContractRule(
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
+                    [],
+                ),
+            ],
+            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6],
+        )
         c1.add_vpp_config()
 
-        self.send_and_expect_bridged(eps[0].itf,
-                                     pkt_inter_epg_220_to_221 * 65,
-                                     eps[2].itf)
+        self.send_and_expect_bridged(
+            eps[0].itf, pkt_inter_epg_220_to_221 * 65, eps[2].itf
+        )
 
-        pkt_inter_epg_220_to_222 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                          dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-                                    IP(src=eps[0].ip4,
-                                       dst=eps[3].ip4) /
-                                    UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                                    Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(eps[0].itf,
-                                        pkt_inter_epg_220_to_222 * 65)
+        pkt_inter_epg_220_to_222 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+            / IP(src=eps[0].ip4, dst=eps[3].ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(eps[0].itf, pkt_inter_epg_220_to_222 * 65)
 
         #
         # ping router IP in different BD
         #
-        pkt_router_ping_220_to_221 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                            dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-                                      IP(src=eps[0].ip4,
-                                         dst=epgs[1].bvi_ip4) /
-                                      ICMP(type='echo-request'))
+        pkt_router_ping_220_to_221 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+            / IP(src=eps[0].ip4, dst=epgs[1].bvi_ip4)
+            / ICMP(type="echo-request")
+        )
 
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [pkt_router_ping_220_to_221], self.pg0)
 
-        pkt_router_ping_220_to_221 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                            dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-                                      IPv6(src=eps[0].ip6,
-                                           dst=epgs[1].bvi_ip6) /
-                                      ICMPv6EchoRequest())
+        pkt_router_ping_220_to_221 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+            / IPv6(src=eps[0].ip6, dst=epgs[1].bvi_ip6)
+            / ICMPv6EchoRequest()
+        )
 
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [pkt_router_ping_220_to_221], self.pg0)
 
@@ -2412,70 +2750,84 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         # contract for the return direction
         #
         c2 = VppGbpContract(
-            self, 400, epgs[1].sclass, epgs[0].sclass, acl.acl_index,
-            [VppGbpContractRule(
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                []),
-             VppGbpContractRule(
-                 VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
-                 VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                 [])],
-            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6])
+            self,
+            400,
+            epgs[1].sclass,
+            epgs[0].sclass,
+            acl.acl_index,
+            [
+                VppGbpContractRule(
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
+                    [],
+                ),
+                VppGbpContractRule(
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
+                    [],
+                ),
+            ],
+            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6],
+        )
         c2.add_vpp_config()
 
-        self.send_and_expect_bridged(eps[0].itf,
-                                     pkt_inter_epg_220_to_221 * 65,
-                                     eps[2].itf)
-        pkt_inter_epg_221_to_220 = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                                          dst=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                                    IP(src=eps[2].ip4,
-                                       dst=eps[0].ip4) /
-                                    UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                                    Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-        self.send_and_expect_bridged(eps[2].itf,
-                                     pkt_inter_epg_221_to_220 * 65,
-                                     eps[0].itf)
-        pkt_inter_epg_221_to_220 = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                                          dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-                                    IP(src=eps[2].ip4,
-                                       dst=eps[0].ip4) /
-                                    UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                                    Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-        self.send_and_expect_routed(eps[2].itf,
-                                    pkt_inter_epg_221_to_220 * 65,
-                                    eps[0].itf,
-                                    str(self.router_mac))
-        pkt_inter_epg_221_to_220 = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                                          dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-                                    IPv6(src=eps[2].ip6,
-                                         dst=eps[0].ip6) /
-                                    UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                                    Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-        self.send_and_expect_routed6(eps[2].itf,
-                                     pkt_inter_epg_221_to_220 * 65,
-                                     eps[0].itf,
-                                     str(self.router_mac))
+        self.send_and_expect_bridged(
+            eps[0].itf, pkt_inter_epg_220_to_221 * 65, eps[2].itf
+        )
+        pkt_inter_epg_221_to_220 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=eps[2].ip4, dst=eps[0].ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
+        self.send_and_expect_bridged(
+            eps[2].itf, pkt_inter_epg_221_to_220 * 65, eps[0].itf
+        )
+        pkt_inter_epg_221_to_220 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+            / IP(src=eps[2].ip4, dst=eps[0].ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
+        self.send_and_expect_routed(
+            eps[2].itf, pkt_inter_epg_221_to_220 * 65, eps[0].itf, str(self.router_mac)
+        )
+        pkt_inter_epg_221_to_220 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+            / IPv6(src=eps[2].ip6, dst=eps[0].ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
+        self.send_and_expect_routed6(
+            eps[2].itf, pkt_inter_epg_221_to_220 * 65, eps[0].itf, str(self.router_mac)
+        )
 
         #
         # contract between 220 and 222 uni-direction
         #
         c3 = VppGbpContract(
-            self, 400, epgs[0].sclass, epgs[2].sclass, acl.acl_index,
-            [VppGbpContractRule(
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                []),
-             VppGbpContractRule(
-                 VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
-                 VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                 [])],
-            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6])
+            self,
+            400,
+            epgs[0].sclass,
+            epgs[2].sclass,
+            acl.acl_index,
+            [
+                VppGbpContractRule(
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
+                    [],
+                ),
+                VppGbpContractRule(
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
+                    [],
+                ),
+            ],
+            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6],
+        )
         c3.add_vpp_config()
 
-        self.send_and_expect(eps[0].itf,
-                             pkt_inter_epg_220_to_222 * 65,
-                             eps[3].itf)
+        self.send_and_expect(eps[0].itf, pkt_inter_epg_220_to_222 * 65, eps[3].itf)
 
         c3.remove_vpp_config()
         c1.remove_vpp_config()
@@ -2483,7 +2835,7 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         acl.remove_vpp_config()
 
     def test_gbp_bd_drop_flags(self):
-        """ GBP BD drop flags """
+        """GBP BD drop flags"""
 
         #
         # IP tables
@@ -2502,32 +2854,46 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         bd1 = VppBridgeDomain(self, 1)
         bd1.add_vpp_config()
 
-        gbd1 = VppGbpBridgeDomain(self, bd1, rd1, self.loop0,
-                                  None, None,
-                                  uu_drop=True, bm_drop=True)
+        gbd1 = VppGbpBridgeDomain(
+            self, bd1, rd1, self.loop0, None, None, uu_drop=True, bm_drop=True
+        )
         gbd1.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh bridge 1 detail"))
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh gbp bridge"))
 
         # ... and has a /32 applied
-        ip_addr = VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, gbd1.bvi,
-                                        "10.0.0.128", 32).add_vpp_config()
+        ip_addr = VppIpInterfaceAddress(
+            self, gbd1.bvi, "10.0.0.128", 32
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # The Endpoint-group
         #
-        epg_220 = VppGbpEndpointGroup(self, 220, 112, rd1, gbd1,
-                                      None, self.loop0,
-                                      "10.0.0.128",
-                                      "2001:10::128",
-                                      VppGbpEndpointRetention(3))
+        epg_220 = VppGbpEndpointGroup(
+            self,
+            220,
+            112,
+            rd1,
+            gbd1,
+            None,
+            self.loop0,
+            "10.0.0.128",
+            "2001:10::128",
+            VppGbpEndpointRetention(3),
+        )
         epg_220.add_vpp_config()
 
-        ep = VppGbpEndpoint(self, self.pg0,
-                            epg_220, None,
-                            "10.0.0.127", "11.0.0.127",
-                            "2001:10::1", "3001::1")
+        ep = VppGbpEndpoint(
+            self,
+            self.pg0,
+            epg_220,
+            None,
+            "10.0.0.127",
+            "11.0.0.127",
+            "2001:10::1",
+            "3001::1",
+        )
         ep.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -2536,16 +2902,20 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         #
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh bridge 1 detail"))
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh gbp bridge"))
-        p_uu = (Ether(src=ep.mac, dst="00:11:11:11:11:11") /
-                IP(dst="10.0.0.133", src=ep.ip4) /
-                UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p_uu = (
+            Ether(src=ep.mac, dst="00:11:11:11:11:11")
+            / IP(dst="10.0.0.133", src=ep.ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(ep.itf, [p_uu])
 
-        p_bm = (Ether(src=ep.mac, dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff") /
-                IP(dst="10.0.0.133", src=ep.ip4) /
-                UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p_bm = (
+            Ether(src=ep.mac, dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff")
+            / IP(dst="10.0.0.133", src=ep.ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(ep.itf, [p_bm])
 
         self.pg3.unconfig_ip4()
@@ -2553,7 +2923,7 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh int"))
 
     def test_gbp_bd_arp_flags(self):
-        """ GBP BD arp flags """
+        """GBP BD arp flags"""
 
         #
         # IP tables
@@ -2575,9 +2945,9 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         #
         # Add a mcast destination VXLAN-GBP tunnel for B&M traffic
         #
-        tun_uu = VppVxlanGbpTunnel(self, self.pg4.local_ip4,
-                                   "239.1.1.1", 88,
-                                   mcast_itf=self.pg4)
+        tun_uu = VppVxlanGbpTunnel(
+            self, self.pg4.local_ip4, "239.1.1.1", 88, mcast_itf=self.pg4
+        )
         tun_uu.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -2586,29 +2956,43 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         bd1 = VppBridgeDomain(self, 1)
         bd1.add_vpp_config()
 
-        gbd1 = VppGbpBridgeDomain(self, bd1, rd1, self.loop0,
-                                  tun_uu, None,
-                                  ucast_arp=True)
+        gbd1 = VppGbpBridgeDomain(
+            self, bd1, rd1, self.loop0, tun_uu, None, ucast_arp=True
+        )
         gbd1.add_vpp_config()
 
         # ... and has a /32 applied
-        ip_addr = VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, gbd1.bvi,
-                                        "10.0.0.128", 32).add_vpp_config()
+        ip_addr = VppIpInterfaceAddress(
+            self, gbd1.bvi, "10.0.0.128", 32
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # The Endpoint-group
         #
-        epg_220 = VppGbpEndpointGroup(self, 220, 112, rd1, gbd1,
-                                      None, self.loop0,
-                                      "10.0.0.128",
-                                      "2001:10::128",
-                                      VppGbpEndpointRetention(2))
+        epg_220 = VppGbpEndpointGroup(
+            self,
+            220,
+            112,
+            rd1,
+            gbd1,
+            None,
+            self.loop0,
+            "10.0.0.128",
+            "2001:10::128",
+            VppGbpEndpointRetention(2),
+        )
         epg_220.add_vpp_config()
 
-        ep = VppGbpEndpoint(self, self.pg0,
-                            epg_220, None,
-                            "10.0.0.127", "11.0.0.127",
-                            "2001:10::1", "3001::1")
+        ep = VppGbpEndpoint(
+            self,
+            self.pg0,
+            epg_220,
+            None,
+            "10.0.0.127",
+            "11.0.0.127",
+            "2001:10::1",
+            "3001::1",
+        )
         ep.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -2616,25 +3000,25 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         #
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh bridge 1 detail"))
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh gbp bridge"))
-        p_arp = (Ether(src=ep.mac, dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff") /
-                 ARP(op="who-has",
-                     psrc=ep.ip4, pdst="10.0.0.99",
-                     hwsrc=ep.mac,
-                     hwdst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff"))
+        p_arp = Ether(src=ep.mac, dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff") / ARP(
+            op="who-has",
+            psrc=ep.ip4,
+            pdst="10.0.0.99",
+            hwsrc=ep.mac,
+            hwdst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff",
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(ep.itf, [p_arp], self.pg4)
 
         self.pg4.unconfig_ip4()
 
     def test_gbp_learn_vlan_l2(self):
-        """ GBP L2 Endpoint w/ VLANs"""
+        """GBP L2 Endpoint w/ VLANs"""
 
         ep_flags = VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_endpoint_flags_t
-        learnt = [{'mac': '00:00:11:11:11:01',
-                   'ip': '10.0.0.1',
-                   'ip6': '2001:10::2'},
-                  {'mac': '00:00:11:11:11:02',
-                   'ip': '10.0.0.2',
-                   'ip6': '2001:10::3'}]
+        learnt = [
+            {"mac": "00:00:11:11:11:01", "ip": "10.0.0.1", "ip6": "2001:10::2"},
+            {"mac": "00:00:11:11:11:02", "ip": "10.0.0.2", "ip6": "2001:10::3"},
+        ]
 
         #
         # IP tables
@@ -2663,11 +3047,12 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         vlan_11 = VppDot1QSubint(self, self.pg0, 11)
         vlan_11.admin_up()
         self.vapi.l2_interface_vlan_tag_rewrite(
-            sw_if_index=vlan_11.sw_if_index, vtr_op=L2_VTR_OP.L2_POP_1,
-            push_dot1q=11)
+            sw_if_index=vlan_11.sw_if_index, vtr_op=L2_VTR_OP.L2_POP_1, push_dot1q=11
+        )
 
-        bd_uu_fwd = VppVxlanGbpTunnel(self, self.pg3.local_ip4,
-                                      self.pg3.remote_ip4, 116)
+        bd_uu_fwd = VppVxlanGbpTunnel(
+            self, self.pg3.local_ip4, self.pg3.remote_ip4, 116
+        )
         bd_uu_fwd.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -2677,25 +3062,32 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         #
         bd1 = VppBridgeDomain(self, 1)
         bd1.add_vpp_config()
-        gbd1 = VppGbpBridgeDomain(self, bd1, rd1, self.loop0, bd_uu_fwd,
-                                  learn=False)
+        gbd1 = VppGbpBridgeDomain(self, bd1, rd1, self.loop0, bd_uu_fwd, learn=False)
         gbd1.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh bridge 1 detail"))
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh gbp bridge"))
 
         # ... and has a /32 applied
-        ip_addr = VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, gbd1.bvi,
-                                        "10.0.0.128", 32).add_vpp_config()
+        ip_addr = VppIpInterfaceAddress(
+            self, gbd1.bvi, "10.0.0.128", 32
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # The Endpoint-group in which we are learning endpoints
         #
-        epg_220 = VppGbpEndpointGroup(self, 220, 441, rd1, gbd1,
-                                      None, self.loop0,
-                                      "10.0.0.128",
-                                      "2001:10::128",
-                                      VppGbpEndpointRetention(4))
+        epg_220 = VppGbpEndpointGroup(
+            self,
+            220,
+            441,
+            rd1,
+            gbd1,
+            None,
+            self.loop0,
+            "10.0.0.128",
+            "2001:10::128",
+            VppGbpEndpointRetention(4),
+        )
         epg_220.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -2703,19 +3095,28 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         # learning enabled
         #
         vx_tun_l2_1 = VppGbpVxlanTunnel(
-            self, 99, bd1.bd_id,
+            self,
+            99,
+            bd1.bd_id,
             VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_vxlan_tunnel_mode_t.GBP_VXLAN_TUNNEL_MODE_L2,
-            self.pg2.local_ip4)
+            self.pg2.local_ip4,
+        )
         vx_tun_l2_1.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # A static endpoint that the learnt endpoints are trying to
         # talk to
         #
-        ep = VppGbpEndpoint(self, vlan_11,
-                            epg_220, None,
-                            "10.0.0.127", "11.0.0.127",
-                            "2001:10::1", "3001::1")
+        ep = VppGbpEndpoint(
+            self,
+            vlan_11,
+            epg_220,
+            None,
+            "10.0.0.127",
+            "11.0.0.127",
+            "2001:10::1",
+            "3001::1",
+        )
         ep.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.assertTrue(find_route(self, ep.ip4, 32, table_id=1))
@@ -2726,16 +3127,16 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         for ii, l in enumerate(learnt):
             # a packet with an sclass from a known EPG
             # arriving on an unknown TEP
-            p = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.pg2.local_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
-                    dst=self.pg2.local_ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879) /
-                 VXLAN(vni=99, gpid=441, flags=0x88) /
-                 Ether(src=l['mac'], dst=ep.mac) /
-                 IP(src=l['ip'], dst=ep.ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+            p = (
+                Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4, dst=self.pg2.local_ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879)
+                / VXLAN(vni=99, gpid=441, flags=0x88)
+                / Ether(src=l["mac"], dst=ep.mac)
+                / IP(src=l["ip"], dst=ep.ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
 
             rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, [p], self.pg0)
 
@@ -2749,15 +3150,15 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
             # the EP is not learnt since the BD setting prevents it
             # also no TEP too
             #
-            self.assertFalse(find_gbp_endpoint(self,
-                                               vx_tun_l2_1.sw_if_index,
-                                               mac=l['mac']))
-            self.assertEqual(INDEX_INVALID,
-                             find_vxlan_gbp_tunnel(
-                                 self,
-                                 self.pg2.local_ip4,
-                                 self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
-                                 99))
+            self.assertFalse(
+                find_gbp_endpoint(self, vx_tun_l2_1.sw_if_index, mac=l["mac"])
+            )
+            self.assertEqual(
+                INDEX_INVALID,
+                find_vxlan_gbp_tunnel(
+                    self, self.pg2.local_ip4, self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4, 99
+                ),
+            )
 
         self.assertEqual(len(self.vapi.gbp_endpoint_dump()), 1)
 
@@ -2766,11 +3167,13 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         # we didn't learn the remotes so they are sent to the UU-fwd
         #
         for l in learnt:
-            p = (Ether(src=ep.mac, dst=l['mac']) /
-                 Dot1Q(vlan=11) /
-                 IP(dst=l['ip'], src=ep.ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+            p = (
+                Ether(src=ep.mac, dst=l["mac"])
+                / Dot1Q(vlan=11)
+                / IP(dst=l["ip"], src=ep.ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
 
             rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * 17, self.pg3)
 
@@ -2790,7 +3193,7 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         self.pg3.unconfig_ip4()
 
     def test_gbp_learn_l3(self):
-        """ GBP L3 Endpoint Learning """
+        """GBP L3 Endpoint Learning"""
 
         self.vapi.cli("set logging class gbp level debug")
 
@@ -2798,12 +3201,10 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         routed_dst_mac = "00:0c:0c:0c:0c:0c"
         routed_src_mac = "00:22:bd:f8:19:ff"
 
-        learnt = [{'mac': '00:00:11:11:11:02',
-                   'ip': '10.0.1.2',
-                   'ip6': '2001:10::2'},
-                  {'mac': '00:00:11:11:11:03',
-                   'ip': '10.0.1.3',
-                   'ip6': '2001:10::3'}]
+        learnt = [
+            {"mac": "00:00:11:11:11:02", "ip": "10.0.1.2", "ip6": "2001:10::2"},
+            {"mac": "00:00:11:11:11:03", "ip": "10.0.1.3", "ip6": "2001:10::3"},
+        ]
 
         #
         # IP tables
@@ -2813,10 +3214,12 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         t6 = VppIpTable(self, 1, True)
         t6.add_vpp_config()
 
-        tun_ip4_uu = VppVxlanGbpTunnel(self, self.pg4.local_ip4,
-                                       self.pg4.remote_ip4, 114)
-        tun_ip6_uu = VppVxlanGbpTunnel(self, self.pg4.local_ip4,
-                                       self.pg4.remote_ip4, 116)
+        tun_ip4_uu = VppVxlanGbpTunnel(
+            self, self.pg4.local_ip4, self.pg4.remote_ip4, 114
+        )
+        tun_ip6_uu = VppVxlanGbpTunnel(
+            self, self.pg4.local_ip4, self.pg4.remote_ip4, 116
+        )
         tun_ip4_uu.add_vpp_config()
         tun_ip6_uu.add_vpp_config()
 
@@ -2859,40 +3262,56 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh gbp route"))
 
         # ... and has a /32 and /128 applied
-        ip4_addr = VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, gbd1.bvi,
-                                         "10.0.0.128", 32,
-                                         bind=b4).add_vpp_config()
-        ip6_addr = VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, gbd1.bvi,
-                                         "2001:10::128", 128,
-                                         bind=b6).add_vpp_config()
+        ip4_addr = VppIpInterfaceAddress(
+            self, gbd1.bvi, "10.0.0.128", 32, bind=b4
+        ).add_vpp_config()
+        ip6_addr = VppIpInterfaceAddress(
+            self, gbd1.bvi, "2001:10::128", 128, bind=b6
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # The Endpoint-group in which we are learning endpoints
         #
-        epg_220 = VppGbpEndpointGroup(self, 220, 441, rd1, gbd1,
-                                      None, self.loop0,
-                                      "10.0.0.128",
-                                      "2001:10::128",
-                                      VppGbpEndpointRetention(4))
+        epg_220 = VppGbpEndpointGroup(
+            self,
+            220,
+            441,
+            rd1,
+            gbd1,
+            None,
+            self.loop0,
+            "10.0.0.128",
+            "2001:10::128",
+            VppGbpEndpointRetention(4),
+        )
         epg_220.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # The VXLAN GBP tunnel is in L3 mode with learning enabled
         #
         vx_tun_l3 = VppGbpVxlanTunnel(
-            self, 101, rd1.rd_id,
+            self,
+            101,
+            rd1.rd_id,
             VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_vxlan_tunnel_mode_t.GBP_VXLAN_TUNNEL_MODE_L3,
-            self.pg2.local_ip4)
+            self.pg2.local_ip4,
+        )
         vx_tun_l3.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # A static endpoint that the learnt endpoints are trying to
         # talk to
         #
-        ep = VppGbpEndpoint(self, self.pg0,
-                            epg_220, None,
-                            "10.0.0.127", "11.0.0.127",
-                            "2001:10::1", "3001::1")
+        ep = VppGbpEndpoint(
+            self,
+            self.pg0,
+            epg_220,
+            None,
+            "10.0.0.127",
+            "11.0.0.127",
+            "2001:10::1",
+            "3001::1",
+        )
         ep.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -2901,40 +3320,38 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         for ii, l in enumerate(learnt):
             # a packet with an sclass from a known EPG
             # arriving on an unknown TEP
-            p = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.pg2.local_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
-                    dst=self.pg2.local_ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879) /
-                 VXLAN(vni=101, gpid=441, flags=0x88) /
-                 Ether(src=l['mac'], dst="00:00:00:11:11:11") /
-                 IP(src=l['ip'], dst=ep.ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+            p = (
+                Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4, dst=self.pg2.local_ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879)
+                / VXLAN(vni=101, gpid=441, flags=0x88)
+                / Ether(src=l["mac"], dst="00:00:00:11:11:11")
+                / IP(src=l["ip"], dst=ep.ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
 
             rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, [p], self.pg0)
 
             # the new TEP
             tep1_sw_if_index = find_vxlan_gbp_tunnel(
-                self,
-                self.pg2.local_ip4,
-                self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
-                vx_tun_l3.vni)
+                self, self.pg2.local_ip4, self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4, vx_tun_l3.vni
+            )
             self.assertNotEqual(INDEX_INVALID, tep1_sw_if_index)
 
             # endpoint learnt via the parent GBP-vxlan interface
-            self.assertTrue(find_gbp_endpoint(self,
-                                              vx_tun_l3._sw_if_index,
-                                              ip=l['ip']))
+            self.assertTrue(find_gbp_endpoint(self, vx_tun_l3._sw_if_index, ip=l["ip"]))
 
         #
         # Static IPv4 EP replies to learnt
         #
         for l in learnt:
-            p = (Ether(src=ep.mac, dst=self.loop0.local_mac) /
-                 IP(dst=l['ip'], src=ep.ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+            p = (
+                Ether(src=ep.mac, dst=self.loop0.local_mac)
+                / IP(dst=l["ip"], src=ep.ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
 
             rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * 1, self.pg2)
 
@@ -2955,12 +3372,10 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
                 self.assertEqual(inner[Ether].src, routed_src_mac)
                 self.assertEqual(inner[Ether].dst, routed_dst_mac)
                 self.assertEqual(inner[IP].src, ep.ip4)
-                self.assertEqual(inner[IP].dst, l['ip'])
+                self.assertEqual(inner[IP].dst, l["ip"])
 
         for l in learnt:
-            self.assertFalse(find_gbp_endpoint(self,
-                                               tep1_sw_if_index,
-                                               ip=l['ip']))
+            self.assertFalse(find_gbp_endpoint(self, tep1_sw_if_index, ip=l["ip"]))
 
         #
         # learn some remote IPv6 EPs
@@ -2968,25 +3383,23 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         for ii, l in enumerate(learnt):
             # a packet with an sclass from a known EPG
             # arriving on an unknown TEP
-            p = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.pg2.local_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
-                    dst=self.pg2.local_ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879) /
-                 VXLAN(vni=101, gpid=441, flags=0x88) /
-                 Ether(src=l['mac'], dst="00:00:00:11:11:11") /
-                 IPv6(src=l['ip6'], dst=ep.ip6) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+            p = (
+                Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4, dst=self.pg2.local_ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879)
+                / VXLAN(vni=101, gpid=441, flags=0x88)
+                / Ether(src=l["mac"], dst="00:00:00:11:11:11")
+                / IPv6(src=l["ip6"], dst=ep.ip6)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
 
             rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, [p], self.pg0)
 
             # the new TEP
             tep1_sw_if_index = find_vxlan_gbp_tunnel(
-                self,
-                self.pg2.local_ip4,
-                self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
-                vx_tun_l3.vni)
+                self, self.pg2.local_ip4, self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4, vx_tun_l3.vni
+            )
             self.assertNotEqual(INDEX_INVALID, tep1_sw_if_index)
 
             self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show gbp bridge"))
@@ -2995,19 +3408,21 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
             self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show int addr"))
 
             # endpoint learnt via the TEP
-            self.assertTrue(find_gbp_endpoint(self, ip=l['ip6']))
+            self.assertTrue(find_gbp_endpoint(self, ip=l["ip6"]))
 
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show gbp endpoint"))
-        self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show ip fib index 1 %s" % l['ip']))
+        self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show ip fib index 1 %s" % l["ip"]))
 
         #
         # Static EP replies to learnt
         #
         for l in learnt:
-            p = (Ether(src=ep.mac, dst=self.loop0.local_mac) /
-                 IPv6(dst=l['ip6'], src=ep.ip6) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+            p = (
+                Ether(src=ep.mac, dst=self.loop0.local_mac)
+                / IPv6(dst=l["ip6"], src=ep.ip6)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
 
             rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * NUM_PKTS, self.pg2)
 
@@ -3028,19 +3443,21 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
                 self.assertEqual(inner[Ether].src, routed_src_mac)
                 self.assertEqual(inner[Ether].dst, routed_dst_mac)
                 self.assertEqual(inner[IPv6].src, ep.ip6)
-                self.assertEqual(inner[IPv6].dst, l['ip6'])
+                self.assertEqual(inner[IPv6].dst, l["ip6"])
 
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh gbp endpoint"))
         for l in learnt:
-            self.wait_for_ep_timeout(ip=l['ip'])
+            self.wait_for_ep_timeout(ip=l["ip"])
 
         #
         # Static sends to unknown EP with no route
         #
-        p = (Ether(src=ep.mac, dst=self.loop0.local_mac) /
-             IP(dst="10.0.0.99", src=ep.ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=ep.mac, dst=self.loop0.local_mac)
+            / IP(dst="10.0.0.99", src=ep.ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, [p])
 
@@ -3048,34 +3465,44 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         # Add a route to static EP's v4 and v6 subnet
         #
         se_10_24 = VppGbpSubnet(
-            self, rd1, "10.0.0.0", 24,
-            VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_TRANSPORT)
+            self,
+            rd1,
+            "10.0.0.0",
+            24,
+            VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_TRANSPORT,
+        )
         se_10_24.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # static pings router
         #
-        p = (Ether(src=ep.mac, dst=self.loop0.local_mac) /
-             IP(dst=epg_220.bvi_ip4, src=ep.ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=ep.mac, dst=self.loop0.local_mac)
+            / IP(dst=epg_220.bvi_ip4, src=ep.ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * NUM_PKTS, self.pg0)
 
-        p = (Ether(src=ep.mac, dst=self.loop0.local_mac) /
-             IPv6(dst=epg_220.bvi_ip6, src=ep.ip6) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=ep.mac, dst=self.loop0.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(dst=epg_220.bvi_ip6, src=ep.ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * NUM_PKTS, self.pg0)
 
         #
         # packets to address in the subnet are sent on the uu-fwd
         #
-        p = (Ether(src=ep.mac, dst=self.loop0.local_mac) /
-             IP(dst="10.0.0.99", src=ep.ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=ep.mac, dst=self.loop0.local_mac)
+            / IP(dst="10.0.0.99", src=ep.ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p], self.pg4)
         for rx in rxs:
@@ -3097,43 +3524,45 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         for ii, l in enumerate(learnt):
             # a packet with an sclass from a known EPG
             # arriving on an unknown TEP
-            p = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.pg2.local_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg2.remote_hosts[2].ip4,
-                    dst=self.pg2.local_ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879) /
-                 VXLAN(vni=101, gpid=441, flags=0x88) /
-                 Ether(src=l['mac'], dst="00:00:00:11:11:11") /
-                 IP(src=l['ip'], dst=ep.ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+            p = (
+                Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg2.remote_hosts[2].ip4, dst=self.pg2.local_ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879)
+                / VXLAN(vni=101, gpid=441, flags=0x88)
+                / Ether(src=l["mac"], dst="00:00:00:11:11:11")
+                / IP(src=l["ip"], dst=ep.ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
 
             rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, [p], self.pg0)
 
             # the new TEP
             tep1_sw_if_index = find_vxlan_gbp_tunnel(
-                self,
-                self.pg2.local_ip4,
-                self.pg2.remote_hosts[2].ip4,
-                vx_tun_l3.vni)
+                self, self.pg2.local_ip4, self.pg2.remote_hosts[2].ip4, vx_tun_l3.vni
+            )
             self.assertNotEqual(INDEX_INVALID, tep1_sw_if_index)
 
             # endpoint learnt via the parent GBP-vxlan interface
-            self.assertTrue(find_gbp_endpoint(self,
-                                              vx_tun_l3._sw_if_index,
-                                              ip=l['ip']))
+            self.assertTrue(find_gbp_endpoint(self, vx_tun_l3._sw_if_index, ip=l["ip"]))
 
         #
         # Add a remote endpoint from the API
         #
-        rep_88 = VppGbpEndpoint(self, vx_tun_l3,
-                                epg_220, None,
-                                "10.0.0.88", "11.0.0.88",
-                                "2001:10::88", "3001::88",
-                                ep_flags.GBP_API_ENDPOINT_FLAG_REMOTE,
-                                self.pg2.local_ip4,
-                                self.pg2.remote_hosts[2].ip4,
-                                mac=None)
+        rep_88 = VppGbpEndpoint(
+            self,
+            vx_tun_l3,
+            epg_220,
+            None,
+            "10.0.0.88",
+            "11.0.0.88",
+            "2001:10::88",
+            "3001::88",
+            ep_flags.GBP_API_ENDPOINT_FLAG_REMOTE,
+            self.pg2.local_ip4,
+            self.pg2.remote_hosts[2].ip4,
+            mac=None,
+        )
         rep_88.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -3141,14 +3570,20 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         # this is a lower priority, hence the packet is sent to the DP leanrt
         # TEP
         #
-        rep_2 = VppGbpEndpoint(self, vx_tun_l3,
-                               epg_220, None,
-                               learnt[0]['ip'], "11.0.0.101",
-                               learnt[0]['ip6'], "3001::101",
-                               ep_flags.GBP_API_ENDPOINT_FLAG_REMOTE,
-                               self.pg2.local_ip4,
-                               self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
-                               mac=None)
+        rep_2 = VppGbpEndpoint(
+            self,
+            vx_tun_l3,
+            epg_220,
+            None,
+            learnt[0]["ip"],
+            "11.0.0.101",
+            learnt[0]["ip6"],
+            "3001::101",
+            ep_flags.GBP_API_ENDPOINT_FLAG_REMOTE,
+            self.pg2.local_ip4,
+            self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
+            mac=None,
+        )
         rep_2.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -3156,18 +3591,24 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         #  packets should be send on the v4/v6 uu=fwd interface resp.
         #
         se_10_1_24 = VppGbpSubnet(
-            self, rd1, "10.0.1.0", 24,
-            VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_TRANSPORT)
+            self,
+            rd1,
+            "10.0.1.0",
+            24,
+            VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_TRANSPORT,
+        )
         se_10_1_24.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show gbp endpoint"))
 
-        ips = ["10.0.0.88", learnt[0]['ip']]
+        ips = ["10.0.0.88", learnt[0]["ip"]]
         for ip in ips:
-            p = (Ether(src=ep.mac, dst=self.loop0.local_mac) /
-                 IP(dst=ip, src=ep.ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+            p = (
+                Ether(src=ep.mac, dst=self.loop0.local_mac)
+                / IP(dst=ip, src=ep.ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
 
             rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * NUM_PKTS, self.pg2)
 
@@ -3199,18 +3640,22 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
 
         self.assertTrue(find_gbp_endpoint(self, ip=rep_2.ip4))
 
-        p = (Ether(src=ep.mac, dst=self.loop0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=ep.ip4, dst=rep_2.ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=ep.mac, dst=self.loop0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=ep.ip4, dst=rep_2.ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p], self.pg2)
 
         self.assertFalse(find_gbp_endpoint(self, ip=rep_88.ip4))
 
-        p = (Ether(src=ep.mac, dst=self.loop0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=ep.ip4, dst=rep_88.ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=ep.mac, dst=self.loop0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=ep.ip4, dst=rep_88.ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p], self.pg4)
 
         #
@@ -3225,38 +3670,49 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         # Same as above, learn a remote EP via CP and DP
         # this time remove the DP one first. expect the CP data to remain
         #
-        rep_3 = VppGbpEndpoint(self, vx_tun_l3,
-                               epg_220, None,
-                               "10.0.1.4", "11.0.0.103",
-                               "2001::10:3", "3001::103",
-                               ep_flags.GBP_API_ENDPOINT_FLAG_REMOTE,
-                               self.pg2.local_ip4,
-                               self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
-                               mac=None)
+        rep_3 = VppGbpEndpoint(
+            self,
+            vx_tun_l3,
+            epg_220,
+            None,
+            "10.0.1.4",
+            "11.0.0.103",
+            "2001::10:3",
+            "3001::103",
+            ep_flags.GBP_API_ENDPOINT_FLAG_REMOTE,
+            self.pg2.local_ip4,
+            self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
+            mac=None,
+        )
         rep_3.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                   dst=self.pg2.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg2.remote_hosts[2].ip4,
-                dst=self.pg2.local_ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879) /
-             VXLAN(vni=101, gpid=441, flags=0x88) /
-             Ether(src=l['mac'], dst="00:00:00:11:11:11") /
-             IP(src="10.0.1.4", dst=ep.ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg2.remote_hosts[2].ip4, dst=self.pg2.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879)
+            / VXLAN(vni=101, gpid=441, flags=0x88)
+            / Ether(src=l["mac"], dst="00:00:00:11:11:11")
+            / IP(src="10.0.1.4", dst=ep.ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, p * NUM_PKTS, self.pg0)
 
-        self.assertTrue(find_gbp_endpoint(self,
-                                          vx_tun_l3._sw_if_index,
-                                          ip=rep_3.ip4,
-                                          tep=[self.pg2.local_ip4,
-                                               self.pg2.remote_hosts[2].ip4]))
+        self.assertTrue(
+            find_gbp_endpoint(
+                self,
+                vx_tun_l3._sw_if_index,
+                ip=rep_3.ip4,
+                tep=[self.pg2.local_ip4, self.pg2.remote_hosts[2].ip4],
+            )
+        )
 
-        p = (Ether(src=ep.mac, dst=self.loop0.local_mac) /
-             IP(dst="10.0.1.4", src=ep.ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=ep.mac, dst=self.loop0.local_mac)
+            / IP(dst="10.0.1.4", src=ep.ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * NUM_PKTS, self.pg2)
 
         # host 2 is the DP learned TEP
@@ -3264,9 +3720,9 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(rx[IP].src, self.pg2.local_ip4)
             self.assertEqual(rx[IP].dst, self.pg2.remote_hosts[2].ip4)
 
-        self.wait_for_ep_timeout(ip=rep_3.ip4,
-                                 tep=[self.pg2.local_ip4,
-                                      self.pg2.remote_hosts[2].ip4])
+        self.wait_for_ep_timeout(
+            ip=rep_3.ip4, tep=[self.pg2.local_ip4, self.pg2.remote_hosts[2].ip4]
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * NUM_PKTS, self.pg2)
 
@@ -3278,23 +3734,21 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         #
         # shutdown with learnt endpoint present
         #
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                   dst=self.pg2.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
-                dst=self.pg2.local_ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879) /
-             VXLAN(vni=101, gpid=441, flags=0x88) /
-             Ether(src=l['mac'], dst="00:00:00:11:11:11") /
-             IP(src=learnt[1]['ip'], dst=ep.ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4, dst=self.pg2.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879)
+            / VXLAN(vni=101, gpid=441, flags=0x88)
+            / Ether(src=l["mac"], dst="00:00:00:11:11:11")
+            / IP(src=learnt[1]["ip"], dst=ep.ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, [p], self.pg0)
 
         # endpoint learnt via the parent GBP-vxlan interface
-        self.assertTrue(find_gbp_endpoint(self,
-                                          vx_tun_l3._sw_if_index,
-                                          ip=l['ip']))
+        self.assertTrue(find_gbp_endpoint(self, vx_tun_l3._sw_if_index, ip=l["ip"]))
 
         #
         # TODO
@@ -3305,7 +3759,7 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         self.pg4.unconfig_ip4()
 
     def test_gbp_redirect(self):
-        """ GBP Endpoint Redirect """
+        """GBP Endpoint Redirect"""
 
         self.vapi.cli("set logging class gbp level debug")
 
@@ -3313,12 +3767,10 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         routed_dst_mac = "00:0c:0c:0c:0c:0c"
         routed_src_mac = "00:22:bd:f8:19:ff"
 
-        learnt = [{'mac': '00:00:11:11:11:02',
-                   'ip': '10.0.1.2',
-                   'ip6': '2001:10::2'},
-                  {'mac': '00:00:11:11:11:03',
-                   'ip': '10.0.1.3',
-                   'ip6': '2001:10::3'}]
+        learnt = [
+            {"mac": "00:00:11:11:11:02", "ip": "10.0.1.2", "ip6": "2001:10::2"},
+            {"mac": "00:00:11:11:11:03", "ip": "10.0.1.3", "ip6": "2001:10::3"},
+        ]
 
         #
         # IP tables
@@ -3359,139 +3811,226 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         gbd2.add_vpp_config()
 
         # ... and has a /32 and /128 applied
-        ip4_addr = VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, gbd1.bvi,
-                                         "10.0.0.128", 32,
-                                         bind=b_ip4).add_vpp_config()
-        ip6_addr = VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, gbd1.bvi,
-                                         "2001:10::128", 128,
-                                         bind=b_ip6).add_vpp_config()
-        ip4_addr = VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, gbd2.bvi,
-                                         "10.0.1.128", 32).add_vpp_config()
-        ip6_addr = VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, gbd2.bvi,
-                                         "2001:11::128", 128).add_vpp_config()
+        ip4_addr = VppIpInterfaceAddress(
+            self, gbd1.bvi, "10.0.0.128", 32, bind=b_ip4
+        ).add_vpp_config()
+        ip6_addr = VppIpInterfaceAddress(
+            self, gbd1.bvi, "2001:10::128", 128, bind=b_ip6
+        ).add_vpp_config()
+        ip4_addr = VppIpInterfaceAddress(
+            self, gbd2.bvi, "10.0.1.128", 32
+        ).add_vpp_config()
+        ip6_addr = VppIpInterfaceAddress(
+            self, gbd2.bvi, "2001:11::128", 128
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # The Endpoint-groups in which we are learning endpoints
         #
-        epg_220 = VppGbpEndpointGroup(self, 220, 440, rd1, gbd1,
-                                      None, gbd1.bvi,
-                                      "10.0.0.128",
-                                      "2001:10::128",
-                                      VppGbpEndpointRetention(60))
+        epg_220 = VppGbpEndpointGroup(
+            self,
+            220,
+            440,
+            rd1,
+            gbd1,
+            None,
+            gbd1.bvi,
+            "10.0.0.128",
+            "2001:10::128",
+            VppGbpEndpointRetention(60),
+        )
         epg_220.add_vpp_config()
-        epg_221 = VppGbpEndpointGroup(self, 221, 441, rd1, gbd2,
-                                      None, gbd2.bvi,
-                                      "10.0.1.128",
-                                      "2001:11::128",
-                                      VppGbpEndpointRetention(60))
+        epg_221 = VppGbpEndpointGroup(
+            self,
+            221,
+            441,
+            rd1,
+            gbd2,
+            None,
+            gbd2.bvi,
+            "10.0.1.128",
+            "2001:11::128",
+            VppGbpEndpointRetention(60),
+        )
         epg_221.add_vpp_config()
-        epg_222 = VppGbpEndpointGroup(self, 222, 442, rd1, gbd1,
-                                      None, gbd1.bvi,
-                                      "10.0.2.128",
-                                      "2001:12::128",
-                                      VppGbpEndpointRetention(60))
+        epg_222 = VppGbpEndpointGroup(
+            self,
+            222,
+            442,
+            rd1,
+            gbd1,
+            None,
+            gbd1.bvi,
+            "10.0.2.128",
+            "2001:12::128",
+            VppGbpEndpointRetention(60),
+        )
         epg_222.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # a GBP bridge domains for the SEPs
         #
-        bd_uu1 = VppVxlanGbpTunnel(self, self.pg7.local_ip4,
-                                   self.pg7.remote_ip4, 116)
+        bd_uu1 = VppVxlanGbpTunnel(self, self.pg7.local_ip4, self.pg7.remote_ip4, 116)
         bd_uu1.add_vpp_config()
-        bd_uu2 = VppVxlanGbpTunnel(self, self.pg7.local_ip4,
-                                   self.pg7.remote_ip4, 117)
+        bd_uu2 = VppVxlanGbpTunnel(self, self.pg7.local_ip4, self.pg7.remote_ip4, 117)
         bd_uu2.add_vpp_config()
 
         bd3 = VppBridgeDomain(self, 3)
         bd3.add_vpp_config()
-        gbd3 = VppGbpBridgeDomain(self, bd3, rd1, self.loop2,
-                                  bd_uu1, learn=False)
+        gbd3 = VppGbpBridgeDomain(self, bd3, rd1, self.loop2, bd_uu1, learn=False)
         gbd3.add_vpp_config()
         bd4 = VppBridgeDomain(self, 4)
         bd4.add_vpp_config()
-        gbd4 = VppGbpBridgeDomain(self, bd4, rd1, self.loop3,
-                                  bd_uu2, learn=False)
+        gbd4 = VppGbpBridgeDomain(self, bd4, rd1, self.loop3, bd_uu2, learn=False)
         gbd4.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # EPGs in which the service endpoints exist
         #
-        epg_320 = VppGbpEndpointGroup(self, 320, 550, rd1, gbd3,
-                                      None, gbd1.bvi,
-                                      "12.0.0.128",
-                                      "4001:10::128",
-                                      VppGbpEndpointRetention(60))
+        epg_320 = VppGbpEndpointGroup(
+            self,
+            320,
+            550,
+            rd1,
+            gbd3,
+            None,
+            gbd1.bvi,
+            "12.0.0.128",
+            "4001:10::128",
+            VppGbpEndpointRetention(60),
+        )
         epg_320.add_vpp_config()
-        epg_321 = VppGbpEndpointGroup(self, 321, 551, rd1, gbd4,
-                                      None, gbd2.bvi,
-                                      "12.0.1.128",
-                                      "4001:11::128",
-                                      VppGbpEndpointRetention(60))
+        epg_321 = VppGbpEndpointGroup(
+            self,
+            321,
+            551,
+            rd1,
+            gbd4,
+            None,
+            gbd2.bvi,
+            "12.0.1.128",
+            "4001:11::128",
+            VppGbpEndpointRetention(60),
+        )
         epg_321.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # three local endpoints
         #
-        ep1 = VppGbpEndpoint(self, self.pg0,
-                             epg_220, None,
-                             "10.0.0.1", "11.0.0.1",
-                             "2001:10::1", "3001:10::1")
+        ep1 = VppGbpEndpoint(
+            self,
+            self.pg0,
+            epg_220,
+            None,
+            "10.0.0.1",
+            "11.0.0.1",
+            "2001:10::1",
+            "3001:10::1",
+        )
         ep1.add_vpp_config()
-        ep2 = VppGbpEndpoint(self, self.pg1,
-                             epg_221, None,
-                             "10.0.1.1", "11.0.1.1",
-                             "2001:11::1", "3001:11::1")
+        ep2 = VppGbpEndpoint(
+            self,
+            self.pg1,
+            epg_221,
+            None,
+            "10.0.1.1",
+            "11.0.1.1",
+            "2001:11::1",
+            "3001:11::1",
+        )
         ep2.add_vpp_config()
-        ep3 = VppGbpEndpoint(self, self.pg2,
-                             epg_222, None,
-                             "10.0.2.2", "11.0.2.2",
-                             "2001:12::1", "3001:12::1")
+        ep3 = VppGbpEndpoint(
+            self,
+            self.pg2,
+            epg_222,
+            None,
+            "10.0.2.2",
+            "11.0.2.2",
+            "2001:12::1",
+            "3001:12::1",
+        )
         ep3.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # service endpoints
         #
-        sep1 = VppGbpEndpoint(self, self.pg3,
-                              epg_320, None,
-                              "12.0.0.1", "13.0.0.1",
-                              "4001:10::1", "5001:10::1")
+        sep1 = VppGbpEndpoint(
+            self,
+            self.pg3,
+            epg_320,
+            None,
+            "12.0.0.1",
+            "13.0.0.1",
+            "4001:10::1",
+            "5001:10::1",
+        )
         sep1.add_vpp_config()
-        sep2 = VppGbpEndpoint(self, self.pg4,
-                              epg_320, None,
-                              "12.0.0.2", "13.0.0.2",
-                              "4001:10::2", "5001:10::2")
+        sep2 = VppGbpEndpoint(
+            self,
+            self.pg4,
+            epg_320,
+            None,
+            "12.0.0.2",
+            "13.0.0.2",
+            "4001:10::2",
+            "5001:10::2",
+        )
         sep2.add_vpp_config()
-        sep3 = VppGbpEndpoint(self, self.pg5,
-                              epg_321, None,
-                              "12.0.1.1", "13.0.1.1",
-                              "4001:11::1", "5001:11::1")
+        sep3 = VppGbpEndpoint(
+            self,
+            self.pg5,
+            epg_321,
+            None,
+            "12.0.1.1",
+            "13.0.1.1",
+            "4001:11::1",
+            "5001:11::1",
+        )
         sep3.add_vpp_config()
         # this EP is not installed immediately
-        sep4 = VppGbpEndpoint(self, self.pg6,
-                              epg_321, None,
-                              "12.0.1.2", "13.0.1.2",
-                              "4001:11::2", "5001:11::2")
+        sep4 = VppGbpEndpoint(
+            self,
+            self.pg6,
+            epg_321,
+            None,
+            "12.0.1.2",
+            "13.0.1.2",
+            "4001:11::2",
+            "5001:11::2",
+        )
 
         #
         # an L2 switch packet between local EPs in different EPGs
         #  different dest ports on each so the are LB hashed differently
         #
-        p4 = [(Ether(src=ep1.mac, dst=ep3.mac) /
-               IP(src=ep1.ip4, dst=ep3.ip4) /
-               UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-               Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)),
-              (Ether(src=ep3.mac, dst=ep1.mac) /
-               IP(src=ep3.ip4, dst=ep1.ip4) /
-               UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-               Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))]
-        p6 = [(Ether(src=ep1.mac, dst=ep3.mac) /
-               IPv6(src=ep1.ip6, dst=ep3.ip6) /
-               UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-               Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)),
-              (Ether(src=ep3.mac, dst=ep1.mac) /
-               IPv6(src=ep3.ip6, dst=ep1.ip6) /
-               UDP(sport=1234, dport=1230) /
-               Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))]
+        p4 = [
+            (
+                Ether(src=ep1.mac, dst=ep3.mac)
+                / IP(src=ep1.ip4, dst=ep3.ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            ),
+            (
+                Ether(src=ep3.mac, dst=ep1.mac)
+                / IP(src=ep3.ip4, dst=ep1.ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            ),
+        ]
+        p6 = [
+            (
+                Ether(src=ep1.mac, dst=ep3.mac)
+                / IPv6(src=ep1.ip6, dst=ep3.ip6)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            ),
+            (
+                Ether(src=ep3.mac, dst=ep1.mac)
+                / IPv6(src=ep3.ip6, dst=ep1.ip6)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1230)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            ),
+        ]
 
         # should be dropped since no contract yet
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, [p4[0]])
@@ -3502,8 +4041,12 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         # one of the next-hops is via an EP that is not known
         #
         rule4 = AclRule(is_permit=1, proto=17)
-        rule6 = AclRule(src_prefix=IPv6Network((0, 0)),
-                        dst_prefix=IPv6Network((0, 0)), is_permit=1, proto=17)
+        rule6 = AclRule(
+            src_prefix=IPv6Network((0, 0)),
+            dst_prefix=IPv6Network((0, 0)),
+            is_permit=1,
+            proto=17,
+        )
         acl = VppAcl(self, rules=[rule4, rule6])
         acl.add_vpp_config()
 
@@ -3511,41 +4054,75 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         # test the src-ip hash mode
         #
         c1 = VppGbpContract(
-            self, 402, epg_220.sclass, epg_222.sclass, acl.acl_index,
-            [VppGbpContractRule(
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_REDIRECT,
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                [VppGbpContractNextHop(sep1.vmac, sep1.epg.bd,
-                                       sep1.ip4, sep1.epg.rd),
-                 VppGbpContractNextHop(sep2.vmac, sep2.epg.bd,
-                                       sep2.ip4, sep2.epg.rd)]),
+            self,
+            402,
+            epg_220.sclass,
+            epg_222.sclass,
+            acl.acl_index,
+            [
                 VppGbpContractRule(
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_REDIRECT,
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                    [VppGbpContractNextHop(sep3.vmac, sep3.epg.bd,
-                                           sep3.ip6, sep3.epg.rd),
-                     VppGbpContractNextHop(sep4.vmac, sep4.epg.bd,
-                                           sep4.ip6, sep4.epg.rd)])],
-            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6])
+                    [
+                        VppGbpContractNextHop(
+                            sep1.vmac, sep1.epg.bd, sep1.ip4, sep1.epg.rd
+                        ),
+                        VppGbpContractNextHop(
+                            sep2.vmac, sep2.epg.bd, sep2.ip4, sep2.epg.rd
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                VppGbpContractRule(
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_REDIRECT,
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
+                    [
+                        VppGbpContractNextHop(
+                            sep3.vmac, sep3.epg.bd, sep3.ip6, sep3.epg.rd
+                        ),
+                        VppGbpContractNextHop(
+                            sep4.vmac, sep4.epg.bd, sep4.ip6, sep4.epg.rd
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+            ],
+            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6],
+        )
         c1.add_vpp_config()
 
         c2 = VppGbpContract(
-            self, 402, epg_222.sclass, epg_220.sclass, acl.acl_index,
-            [VppGbpContractRule(
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_REDIRECT,
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                [VppGbpContractNextHop(sep1.vmac, sep1.epg.bd,
-                                       sep1.ip4, sep1.epg.rd),
-                 VppGbpContractNextHop(sep2.vmac, sep2.epg.bd,
-                                       sep2.ip4, sep2.epg.rd)]),
+            self,
+            402,
+            epg_222.sclass,
+            epg_220.sclass,
+            acl.acl_index,
+            [
                 VppGbpContractRule(
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_REDIRECT,
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                    [VppGbpContractNextHop(sep3.vmac, sep3.epg.bd,
-                                           sep3.ip6, sep3.epg.rd),
-                     VppGbpContractNextHop(sep4.vmac, sep4.epg.bd,
-                                           sep4.ip6, sep4.epg.rd)])],
-            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6])
+                    [
+                        VppGbpContractNextHop(
+                            sep1.vmac, sep1.epg.bd, sep1.ip4, sep1.epg.rd
+                        ),
+                        VppGbpContractNextHop(
+                            sep2.vmac, sep2.epg.bd, sep2.ip4, sep2.epg.rd
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                VppGbpContractRule(
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_REDIRECT,
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
+                    [
+                        VppGbpContractNextHop(
+                            sep3.vmac, sep3.epg.bd, sep3.ip6, sep3.epg.rd
+                        ),
+                        VppGbpContractNextHop(
+                            sep4.vmac, sep4.epg.bd, sep4.ip6, sep4.epg.rd
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+            ],
+            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6],
+        )
         c2.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -3643,41 +4220,75 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         # test the symmetric hash mode
         #
         c1 = VppGbpContract(
-            self, 402, epg_220.sclass, epg_222.sclass, acl.acl_index,
-            [VppGbpContractRule(
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_REDIRECT,
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SYMMETRIC,
-                [VppGbpContractNextHop(sep1.vmac, sep1.epg.bd,
-                                       sep1.ip4, sep1.epg.rd),
-                 VppGbpContractNextHop(sep2.vmac, sep2.epg.bd,
-                                       sep2.ip4, sep2.epg.rd)]),
+            self,
+            402,
+            epg_220.sclass,
+            epg_222.sclass,
+            acl.acl_index,
+            [
                 VppGbpContractRule(
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_REDIRECT,
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SYMMETRIC,
-                    [VppGbpContractNextHop(sep3.vmac, sep3.epg.bd,
-                                           sep3.ip6, sep3.epg.rd),
-                     VppGbpContractNextHop(sep4.vmac, sep4.epg.bd,
-                                           sep4.ip6, sep4.epg.rd)])],
-            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6])
+                    [
+                        VppGbpContractNextHop(
+                            sep1.vmac, sep1.epg.bd, sep1.ip4, sep1.epg.rd
+                        ),
+                        VppGbpContractNextHop(
+                            sep2.vmac, sep2.epg.bd, sep2.ip4, sep2.epg.rd
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                VppGbpContractRule(
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_REDIRECT,
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SYMMETRIC,
+                    [
+                        VppGbpContractNextHop(
+                            sep3.vmac, sep3.epg.bd, sep3.ip6, sep3.epg.rd
+                        ),
+                        VppGbpContractNextHop(
+                            sep4.vmac, sep4.epg.bd, sep4.ip6, sep4.epg.rd
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+            ],
+            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6],
+        )
         c1.add_vpp_config()
 
         c2 = VppGbpContract(
-            self, 402, epg_222.sclass, epg_220.sclass, acl.acl_index,
-            [VppGbpContractRule(
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_REDIRECT,
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SYMMETRIC,
-                [VppGbpContractNextHop(sep1.vmac, sep1.epg.bd,
-                                       sep1.ip4, sep1.epg.rd),
-                 VppGbpContractNextHop(sep2.vmac, sep2.epg.bd,
-                                       sep2.ip4, sep2.epg.rd)]),
+            self,
+            402,
+            epg_222.sclass,
+            epg_220.sclass,
+            acl.acl_index,
+            [
                 VppGbpContractRule(
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_REDIRECT,
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SYMMETRIC,
-                    [VppGbpContractNextHop(sep3.vmac, sep3.epg.bd,
-                                           sep3.ip6, sep3.epg.rd),
-                     VppGbpContractNextHop(sep4.vmac, sep4.epg.bd,
-                                           sep4.ip6, sep4.epg.rd)])],
-            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6])
+                    [
+                        VppGbpContractNextHop(
+                            sep1.vmac, sep1.epg.bd, sep1.ip4, sep1.epg.rd
+                        ),
+                        VppGbpContractNextHop(
+                            sep2.vmac, sep2.epg.bd, sep2.ip4, sep2.epg.rd
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                VppGbpContractRule(
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_REDIRECT,
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SYMMETRIC,
+                    [
+                        VppGbpContractNextHop(
+                            sep3.vmac, sep3.epg.bd, sep3.ip6, sep3.epg.rd
+                        ),
+                        VppGbpContractNextHop(
+                            sep4.vmac, sep4.epg.bd, sep4.ip6, sep4.epg.rd
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+            ],
+            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6],
+        )
         c2.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -3709,40 +4320,69 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         # an L3 switch packet between local EPs in different EPGs
         #  different dest ports on each so the are LB hashed differently
         #
-        p4 = [(Ether(src=ep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-               IP(src=ep1.ip4, dst=ep2.ip4) /
-               UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-               Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)),
-              (Ether(src=ep2.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-               IP(src=ep2.ip4, dst=ep1.ip4) /
-               UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-               Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))]
-        p6 = [(Ether(src=ep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-               IPv6(src=ep1.ip6, dst=ep2.ip6) /
-               UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-               Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)),
-              (Ether(src=ep2.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-               IPv6(src=ep2.ip6, dst=ep1.ip6) /
-               UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-               Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))]
+        p4 = [
+            (
+                Ether(src=ep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+                / IP(src=ep1.ip4, dst=ep2.ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            ),
+            (
+                Ether(src=ep2.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+                / IP(src=ep2.ip4, dst=ep1.ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            ),
+        ]
+        p6 = [
+            (
+                Ether(src=ep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+                / IPv6(src=ep1.ip6, dst=ep2.ip6)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            ),
+            (
+                Ether(src=ep2.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+                / IPv6(src=ep2.ip6, dst=ep1.ip6)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            ),
+        ]
 
         c3 = VppGbpContract(
-            self, 402, epg_220.sclass, epg_221.sclass, acl.acl_index,
-            [VppGbpContractRule(
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_REDIRECT,
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SYMMETRIC,
-                [VppGbpContractNextHop(sep1.vmac, sep1.epg.bd,
-                                       sep1.ip4, sep1.epg.rd),
-                 VppGbpContractNextHop(sep2.vmac, sep2.epg.bd,
-                                       sep2.ip4, sep2.epg.rd)]),
+            self,
+            402,
+            epg_220.sclass,
+            epg_221.sclass,
+            acl.acl_index,
+            [
                 VppGbpContractRule(
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_REDIRECT,
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SYMMETRIC,
-                    [VppGbpContractNextHop(sep3.vmac, sep3.epg.bd,
-                                           sep3.ip6, sep3.epg.rd),
-                     VppGbpContractNextHop(sep4.vmac, sep4.epg.bd,
-                                           sep4.ip6, sep4.epg.rd)])],
-            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6])
+                    [
+                        VppGbpContractNextHop(
+                            sep1.vmac, sep1.epg.bd, sep1.ip4, sep1.epg.rd
+                        ),
+                        VppGbpContractNextHop(
+                            sep2.vmac, sep2.epg.bd, sep2.ip4, sep2.epg.rd
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                VppGbpContractRule(
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_REDIRECT,
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SYMMETRIC,
+                    [
+                        VppGbpContractNextHop(
+                            sep3.vmac, sep3.epg.bd, sep3.ip6, sep3.epg.rd
+                        ),
+                        VppGbpContractNextHop(
+                            sep4.vmac, sep4.epg.bd, sep4.ip6, sep4.epg.rd
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+            ],
+            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6],
+        )
         c3.add_vpp_config()
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p4[0] * 17, sep1.itf)
@@ -3758,40 +4398,60 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         #   packets coming from unknown remote EPs will be leant & redirected
         #
         vx_tun_l3 = VppGbpVxlanTunnel(
-            self, 444, rd1.rd_id,
+            self,
+            444,
+            rd1.rd_id,
             VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_vxlan_tunnel_mode_t.GBP_VXLAN_TUNNEL_MODE_L3,
-            self.pg2.local_ip4)
+            self.pg2.local_ip4,
+        )
         vx_tun_l3.add_vpp_config()
 
         c4 = VppGbpContract(
-            self, 402, epg_221.sclass, epg_220.sclass, acl.acl_index,
-            [VppGbpContractRule(
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_REDIRECT,
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                [VppGbpContractNextHop(sep1.vmac, sep1.epg.bd,
-                                       sep1.ip4, sep1.epg.rd),
-                 VppGbpContractNextHop(sep2.vmac, sep2.epg.bd,
-                                       sep2.ip4, sep2.epg.rd)]),
+            self,
+            402,
+            epg_221.sclass,
+            epg_220.sclass,
+            acl.acl_index,
+            [
                 VppGbpContractRule(
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_REDIRECT,
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                    [VppGbpContractNextHop(sep3.vmac, sep3.epg.bd,
-                                           sep3.ip6, sep3.epg.rd),
-                     VppGbpContractNextHop(sep4.vmac, sep4.epg.bd,
-                                           sep4.ip6, sep4.epg.rd)])],
-            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6])
+                    [
+                        VppGbpContractNextHop(
+                            sep1.vmac, sep1.epg.bd, sep1.ip4, sep1.epg.rd
+                        ),
+                        VppGbpContractNextHop(
+                            sep2.vmac, sep2.epg.bd, sep2.ip4, sep2.epg.rd
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                VppGbpContractRule(
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_REDIRECT,
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
+                    [
+                        VppGbpContractNextHop(
+                            sep3.vmac, sep3.epg.bd, sep3.ip6, sep3.epg.rd
+                        ),
+                        VppGbpContractNextHop(
+                            sep4.vmac, sep4.epg.bd, sep4.ip6, sep4.epg.rd
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+            ],
+            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6],
+        )
         c4.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg7.remote_mac,
-                   dst=self.pg7.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg7.remote_ip4,
-                dst=self.pg7.local_ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879) /
-             VXLAN(vni=444, gpid=441, flags=0x88) /
-             Ether(src="00:22:22:22:22:33", dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-             IP(src="10.0.0.88", dst=ep1.ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg7.remote_mac, dst=self.pg7.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg7.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg7.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879)
+            / VXLAN(vni=444, gpid=441, flags=0x88)
+            / Ether(src="00:22:22:22:22:33", dst=str(self.router_mac))
+            / IP(src="10.0.0.88", dst=ep1.ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         # unknown remote EP to local EP redirected
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg7, [p], sep1.itf)
@@ -3803,20 +4463,18 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(rx[IP].dst, ep1.ip4)
 
         # endpoint learnt via the parent GBP-vxlan interface
-        self.assertTrue(find_gbp_endpoint(self,
-                                          vx_tun_l3._sw_if_index,
-                                          ip="10.0.0.88"))
+        self.assertTrue(find_gbp_endpoint(self, vx_tun_l3._sw_if_index, ip="10.0.0.88"))
 
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg7.remote_mac,
-                   dst=self.pg7.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg7.remote_ip4,
-                dst=self.pg7.local_ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879) /
-             VXLAN(vni=444, gpid=441, flags=0x88) /
-             Ether(src="00:22:22:22:22:33", dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-             IPv6(src="2001:10::88", dst=ep1.ip6) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg7.remote_mac, dst=self.pg7.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg7.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg7.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879)
+            / VXLAN(vni=444, gpid=441, flags=0x88)
+            / Ether(src="00:22:22:22:22:33", dst=str(self.router_mac))
+            / IPv6(src="2001:10::88", dst=ep1.ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         # unknown remote EP to local EP redirected (ipv6)
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg7, [p], sep3.itf)
@@ -3828,21 +4486,29 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(rx[IPv6].dst, ep1.ip6)
 
         # endpoint learnt via the parent GBP-vxlan interface
-        self.assertTrue(find_gbp_endpoint(self,
-                                          vx_tun_l3._sw_if_index,
-                                          ip="2001:10::88"))
+        self.assertTrue(
+            find_gbp_endpoint(self, vx_tun_l3._sw_if_index, ip="2001:10::88")
+        )
 
         #
         # L3 switch from local to remote EP
         #
-        p4 = [(Ether(src=ep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-               IP(src=ep1.ip4, dst="10.0.0.88") /
-               UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-               Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))]
-        p6 = [(Ether(src=ep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-               IPv6(src=ep1.ip6, dst="2001:10::88") /
-               UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-               Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))]
+        p4 = [
+            (
+                Ether(src=ep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+                / IP(src=ep1.ip4, dst="10.0.0.88")
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
+        ]
+        p6 = [
+            (
+                Ether(src=ep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+                / IPv6(src=ep1.ip6, dst="2001:10::88")
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
+        ]
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p4[0] * 17, sep1.itf)
 
@@ -3864,22 +4530,39 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         # test the dst-ip hash mode
         #
         c5 = VppGbpContract(
-            self, 402, epg_220.sclass, epg_221.sclass, acl.acl_index,
-            [VppGbpContractRule(
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_REDIRECT,
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_DST_IP,
-                [VppGbpContractNextHop(sep1.vmac, sep1.epg.bd,
-                                       sep1.ip4, sep1.epg.rd),
-                 VppGbpContractNextHop(sep2.vmac, sep2.epg.bd,
-                                       sep2.ip4, sep2.epg.rd)]),
+            self,
+            402,
+            epg_220.sclass,
+            epg_221.sclass,
+            acl.acl_index,
+            [
                 VppGbpContractRule(
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_REDIRECT,
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_DST_IP,
-                    [VppGbpContractNextHop(sep3.vmac, sep3.epg.bd,
-                                           sep3.ip6, sep3.epg.rd),
-                     VppGbpContractNextHop(sep4.vmac, sep4.epg.bd,
-                                           sep4.ip6, sep4.epg.rd)])],
-            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6])
+                    [
+                        VppGbpContractNextHop(
+                            sep1.vmac, sep1.epg.bd, sep1.ip4, sep1.epg.rd
+                        ),
+                        VppGbpContractNextHop(
+                            sep2.vmac, sep2.epg.bd, sep2.ip4, sep2.epg.rd
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+                VppGbpContractRule(
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_REDIRECT,
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_DST_IP,
+                    [
+                        VppGbpContractNextHop(
+                            sep3.vmac, sep3.epg.bd, sep3.ip6, sep3.epg.rd
+                        ),
+                        VppGbpContractNextHop(
+                            sep4.vmac, sep4.epg.bd, sep4.ip6, sep4.epg.rd
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+            ],
+            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6],
+        )
         c5.add_vpp_config()
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p4[0] * 17, sep1.itf)
@@ -3904,20 +4587,29 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
 
         # gbp vxlan tunnel for the remote SEP
         vx_tun_l3_sep = VppGbpVxlanTunnel(
-            self, 555, rd1.rd_id,
+            self,
+            555,
+            rd1.rd_id,
             VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_vxlan_tunnel_mode_t.GBP_VXLAN_TUNNEL_MODE_L3,
-            self.pg2.local_ip4)
+            self.pg2.local_ip4,
+        )
         vx_tun_l3_sep.add_vpp_config()
 
         # remote SEP
-        sep5 = VppGbpEndpoint(self, vx_tun_l3_sep,
-                              epg_320, None,
-                              "12.0.0.10", "13.0.0.10",
-                              "4001:10::10", "5001:10::10",
-                              ep_flags.GBP_API_ENDPOINT_FLAG_REMOTE,
-                              self.pg7.local_ip4,
-                              self.pg7.remote_ip4,
-                              mac=None)
+        sep5 = VppGbpEndpoint(
+            self,
+            vx_tun_l3_sep,
+            epg_320,
+            None,
+            "12.0.0.10",
+            "13.0.0.10",
+            "4001:10::10",
+            "5001:10::10",
+            ep_flags.GBP_API_ENDPOINT_FLAG_REMOTE,
+            self.pg7.local_ip4,
+            self.pg7.remote_ip4,
+            mac=None,
+        )
         sep5.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -3934,101 +4626,187 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         gebd = VppGbpBridgeDomain(self, ebd, rd1, self.loop4, None, None)
         gebd.add_vpp_config()
         # the external epg
-        eepg = VppGbpEndpointGroup(self, 888, 765, rd1, gebd,
-                                   None, gebd.bvi,
-                                   "10.1.0.128",
-                                   "2001:10:1::128",
-                                   VppGbpEndpointRetention(60))
+        eepg = VppGbpEndpointGroup(
+            self,
+            888,
+            765,
+            rd1,
+            gebd,
+            None,
+            gebd.bvi,
+            "10.1.0.128",
+            "2001:10:1::128",
+            VppGbpEndpointRetention(60),
+        )
         eepg.add_vpp_config()
         # add subnets to BVI
         VppIpInterfaceAddress(
-            self,
-            gebd.bvi,
-            "10.1.0.128",
-            24, bind=b_lo4_ip4).add_vpp_config()
+            self, gebd.bvi, "10.1.0.128", 24, bind=b_lo4_ip4
+        ).add_vpp_config()
         VppIpInterfaceAddress(
-            self,
-            gebd.bvi,
-            "2001:10:1::128",
-            64, bind=b_lo4_ip6).add_vpp_config()
+            self, gebd.bvi, "2001:10:1::128", 64, bind=b_lo4_ip6
+        ).add_vpp_config()
         # ... which are L3-out subnets
-        VppGbpSubnet(self, rd1, "10.1.0.0", 24,
-                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_L3_OUT,
-                     sclass=765).add_vpp_config()
-        VppGbpSubnet(self, rd1, "2001:10:1::128", 64,
-                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_L3_OUT,
-                     sclass=765).add_vpp_config()
+        VppGbpSubnet(
+            self,
+            rd1,
+            "10.1.0.0",
+            24,
+            VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_L3_OUT,
+            sclass=765,
+        ).add_vpp_config()
+        VppGbpSubnet(
+            self,
+            rd1,
+            "2001:10:1::128",
+            64,
+            VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_L3_OUT,
+            sclass=765,
+        ).add_vpp_config()
         # external endpoints
         VppL2Vtr(self, self.vlan_100, L2_VTR_OP.L2_POP_1).add_vpp_config()
-        eep1 = VppGbpEndpoint(self, self.vlan_100, eepg, None, "10.1.0.1",
-                              "11.1.0.1", "2001:10:1::1", "3001:10:1::1",
-                              ep_flags.GBP_API_ENDPOINT_FLAG_EXTERNAL)
+        eep1 = VppGbpEndpoint(
+            self,
+            self.vlan_100,
+            eepg,
+            None,
+            "10.1.0.1",
+            "11.1.0.1",
+            "2001:10:1::1",
+            "3001:10:1::1",
+            ep_flags.GBP_API_ENDPOINT_FLAG_EXTERNAL,
+        )
         eep1.add_vpp_config()
         VppL2Vtr(self, self.vlan_101, L2_VTR_OP.L2_POP_1).add_vpp_config()
-        eep2 = VppGbpEndpoint(self, self.vlan_101, eepg, None, "10.1.0.2",
-                              "11.1.0.2", "2001:10:1::2", "3001:10:1::2",
-                              ep_flags.GBP_API_ENDPOINT_FLAG_EXTERNAL)
+        eep2 = VppGbpEndpoint(
+            self,
+            self.vlan_101,
+            eepg,
+            None,
+            "10.1.0.2",
+            "11.1.0.2",
+            "2001:10:1::2",
+            "3001:10:1::2",
+            ep_flags.GBP_API_ENDPOINT_FLAG_EXTERNAL,
+        )
         eep2.add_vpp_config()
 
         # external subnets reachable though eep1 and eep2 respectively
-        VppIpRoute(self, "10.220.0.0", 24,
-                   [VppRoutePath(eep1.ip4, eep1.epg.bvi.sw_if_index)],
-                   table_id=t4.table_id).add_vpp_config()
-        VppGbpSubnet(self, rd1, "10.220.0.0", 24,
-                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_L3_OUT,
-                     sclass=4220).add_vpp_config()
-        VppIpRoute(self, "10:220::", 64,
-                   [VppRoutePath(eep1.ip6, eep1.epg.bvi.sw_if_index)],
-                   table_id=t6.table_id).add_vpp_config()
-        VppGbpSubnet(self, rd1, "10:220::", 64,
-                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_L3_OUT,
-                     sclass=4220).add_vpp_config()
-        VppIpRoute(self, "10.221.0.0", 24,
-                   [VppRoutePath(eep2.ip4, eep2.epg.bvi.sw_if_index)],
-                   table_id=t4.table_id).add_vpp_config()
-        VppGbpSubnet(self, rd1, "10.221.0.0", 24,
-                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_L3_OUT,
-                     sclass=4221).add_vpp_config()
-        VppIpRoute(self, "10:221::", 64,
-                   [VppRoutePath(eep2.ip6, eep2.epg.bvi.sw_if_index)],
-                   table_id=t6.table_id).add_vpp_config()
-        VppGbpSubnet(self, rd1, "10:221::", 64,
-                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_L3_OUT,
-                     sclass=4221).add_vpp_config()
+        VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10.220.0.0",
+            24,
+            [VppRoutePath(eep1.ip4, eep1.epg.bvi.sw_if_index)],
+            table_id=t4.table_id,
+        ).add_vpp_config()
+        VppGbpSubnet(
+            self,
+            rd1,
+            "10.220.0.0",
+            24,
+            VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_L3_OUT,
+            sclass=4220,
+        ).add_vpp_config()
+        VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10:220::",
+            64,
+            [VppRoutePath(eep1.ip6, eep1.epg.bvi.sw_if_index)],
+            table_id=t6.table_id,
+        ).add_vpp_config()
+        VppGbpSubnet(
+            self,
+            rd1,
+            "10:220::",
+            64,
+            VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_L3_OUT,
+            sclass=4220,
+        ).add_vpp_config()
+        VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10.221.0.0",
+            24,
+            [VppRoutePath(eep2.ip4, eep2.epg.bvi.sw_if_index)],
+            table_id=t4.table_id,
+        ).add_vpp_config()
+        VppGbpSubnet(
+            self,
+            rd1,
+            "10.221.0.0",
+            24,
+            VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_L3_OUT,
+            sclass=4221,
+        ).add_vpp_config()
+        VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10:221::",
+            64,
+            [VppRoutePath(eep2.ip6, eep2.epg.bvi.sw_if_index)],
+            table_id=t6.table_id,
+        ).add_vpp_config()
+        VppGbpSubnet(
+            self,
+            rd1,
+            "10:221::",
+            64,
+            VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_L3_OUT,
+            sclass=4221,
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # l3out redirect to remote (known, then unknown) SEP
         #
 
         # packets from 1 external subnet to the other
-        p = [(Ether(src=eep1.mac, dst=self.router_mac) /
-              Dot1Q(vlan=100) /
-              IP(src="10.220.0.17", dst="10.221.0.65") /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)),
-             (Ether(src=eep1.mac, dst=self.router_mac) /
-              Dot1Q(vlan=100) /
-              IPv6(src="10:220::17", dst="10:221::65") /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))]
+        p = [
+            (
+                Ether(src=eep1.mac, dst=self.router_mac)
+                / Dot1Q(vlan=100)
+                / IP(src="10.220.0.17", dst="10.221.0.65")
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            ),
+            (
+                Ether(src=eep1.mac, dst=self.router_mac)
+                / Dot1Q(vlan=100)
+                / IPv6(src="10:220::17", dst="10:221::65")
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            ),
+        ]
 
         # packets should be dropped in absence of contract
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p)
 
         # contract redirecting to sep5
         VppGbpContract(
-            self, 402, 4220, 4221, acl.acl_index,
-            [VppGbpContractRule(
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_REDIRECT,
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_DST_IP,
-                [VppGbpContractNextHop(sep5.vmac, sep5.epg.bd,
-                                       sep5.ip4, sep5.epg.rd)]),
+            self,
+            402,
+            4220,
+            4221,
+            acl.acl_index,
+            [
                 VppGbpContractRule(
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_REDIRECT,
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_DST_IP,
-                    [VppGbpContractNextHop(sep5.vmac, sep5.epg.bd,
-                                           sep5.ip6, sep5.epg.rd)])],
-            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6]).add_vpp_config()
+                    [
+                        VppGbpContractNextHop(
+                            sep5.vmac, sep5.epg.bd, sep5.ip4, sep5.epg.rd
+                        )
+                    ],
+                ),
+                VppGbpContractRule(
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_REDIRECT,
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_DST_IP,
+                    [
+                        VppGbpContractNextHop(
+                            sep5.vmac, sep5.epg.bd, sep5.ip6, sep5.epg.rd
+                        )
+                    ],
+                ),
+            ],
+            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6],
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg7)
 
@@ -4081,18 +4859,33 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         # change the contract between l3out to redirect to local SEPs
         # instead of remote SEP
         VppGbpContract(
-            self, 402, 4220, 4221, acl.acl_index,
-            [VppGbpContractRule(
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_REDIRECT,
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_DST_IP,
-                [VppGbpContractNextHop(sep1.vmac, sep1.epg.bd,
-                                       sep1.ip4, sep1.epg.rd)]),
+            self,
+            402,
+            4220,
+            4221,
+            acl.acl_index,
+            [
                 VppGbpContractRule(
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_REDIRECT,
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_DST_IP,
-                    [VppGbpContractNextHop(sep1.vmac, sep1.epg.bd,
-                                           sep1.ip6, sep1.epg.rd)])],
-            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6]).add_vpp_config()
+                    [
+                        VppGbpContractNextHop(
+                            sep1.vmac, sep1.epg.bd, sep1.ip4, sep1.epg.rd
+                        )
+                    ],
+                ),
+                VppGbpContractRule(
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_REDIRECT,
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_DST_IP,
+                    [
+                        VppGbpContractNextHop(
+                            sep1.vmac, sep1.epg.bd, sep1.ip6, sep1.epg.rd
+                        )
+                    ],
+                ),
+            ],
+            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6],
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, sep1.itf)
         for rx, tx in zip(rxs, p):
@@ -4112,34 +4905,57 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
 
         # contract to redirect to learnt SEP
         VppGbpContract(
-            self, 402, epg_221.sclass, epg_222.sclass, acl.acl_index,
-            [VppGbpContractRule(
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_REDIRECT,
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_DST_IP,
-                [VppGbpContractNextHop(sep5.vmac, sep5.epg.bd,
-                                       sep5.ip4, sep5.epg.rd)]),
+            self,
+            402,
+            epg_221.sclass,
+            epg_222.sclass,
+            acl.acl_index,
+            [
                 VppGbpContractRule(
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_REDIRECT,
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_DST_IP,
-                    [VppGbpContractNextHop(sep5.vmac, sep5.epg.bd,
-                                           sep5.ip6, sep5.epg.rd)])],
-            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6]).add_vpp_config()
+                    [
+                        VppGbpContractNextHop(
+                            sep5.vmac, sep5.epg.bd, sep5.ip4, sep5.epg.rd
+                        )
+                    ],
+                ),
+                VppGbpContractRule(
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_REDIRECT,
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_DST_IP,
+                    [
+                        VppGbpContractNextHop(
+                            sep5.vmac, sep5.epg.bd, sep5.ip6, sep5.epg.rd
+                        )
+                    ],
+                ),
+            ],
+            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6],
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         # packets from unknown EP 221 to known EP in EPG 222
         # should be redirected to known remote SEP
-        base = (Ether(src=self.pg7.remote_mac, dst=self.pg7.local_mac) /
-                IP(src=self.pg7.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg7.local_ip4) /
-                UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879) /
-                VXLAN(vni=444, gpid=441, flags=0x88) /
-                Ether(src="00:22:22:22:22:44", dst=str(self.router_mac)))
-        p = [(base /
-              IP(src="10.0.1.100", dst=ep3.ip4) /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)),
-             (base /
-              IPv6(src="2001:10::100", dst=ep3.ip6) /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))]
+        base = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg7.remote_mac, dst=self.pg7.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg7.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg7.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879)
+            / VXLAN(vni=444, gpid=441, flags=0x88)
+            / Ether(src="00:22:22:22:22:44", dst=str(self.router_mac))
+        )
+        p = [
+            (
+                base
+                / IP(src="10.0.1.100", dst=ep3.ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            ),
+            (
+                base
+                / IPv6(src="2001:10::100", dst=ep3.ip6)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            ),
+        ]
 
         # unknown remote EP to local EP redirected to known remote SEP
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg7, p, self.pg7)
@@ -4163,12 +4979,12 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(rxip.dst, txip.dst)
 
         # endpoint learnt via the parent GBP-vxlan interface
-        self.assertTrue(find_gbp_endpoint(self,
-                                          vx_tun_l3._sw_if_index,
-                                          ip="10.0.1.100"))
-        self.assertTrue(find_gbp_endpoint(self,
-                                          vx_tun_l3._sw_if_index,
-                                          ip="2001:10::100"))
+        self.assertTrue(
+            find_gbp_endpoint(self, vx_tun_l3._sw_if_index, ip="10.0.1.100")
+        )
+        self.assertTrue(
+            find_gbp_endpoint(self, vx_tun_l3._sw_if_index, ip="2001:10::100")
+        )
 
         # remote SEP: it is now an unknown remote SEP and should go
         # to spine proxy
@@ -4202,7 +5018,7 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         self.pg7.unconfig_ip4()
 
     def test_gbp_redirect_extended(self):
-        """ GBP Endpoint Redirect Extended """
+        """GBP Endpoint Redirect Extended"""
 
         self.vapi.cli("set logging class gbp level debug")
 
@@ -4210,12 +5026,10 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         routed_dst_mac = "00:0c:0c:0c:0c:0c"
         routed_src_mac = "00:22:bd:f8:19:ff"
 
-        learnt = [{'mac': '00:00:11:11:11:02',
-                   'ip': '10.0.1.2',
-                   'ip6': '2001:10::2'},
-                  {'mac': '00:00:11:11:11:03',
-                   'ip': '10.0.1.3',
-                   'ip6': '2001:10::3'}]
+        learnt = [
+            {"mac": "00:00:11:11:11:02", "ip": "10.0.1.2", "ip6": "2001:10::2"},
+            {"mac": "00:00:11:11:11:03", "ip": "10.0.1.3", "ip6": "2001:10::3"},
+        ]
 
         #
         # IP tables
@@ -4232,8 +5046,10 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
             self.pg7.local_ip4,
             self.pg7.remote_ip4,
             114,
-            mode=(VppEnum.vl_api_vxlan_gbp_api_tunnel_mode_t.
-                  VXLAN_GBP_API_TUNNEL_MODE_L3))
+            mode=(
+                VppEnum.vl_api_vxlan_gbp_api_tunnel_mode_t.VXLAN_GBP_API_TUNNEL_MODE_L3
+            ),
+        )
         rd_uu4.add_vpp_config()
         VppIpInterfaceBind(self, rd_uu4, t4).add_vpp_config()
 
@@ -4242,8 +5058,10 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
             self.pg7.local_ip4,
             self.pg7.remote_ip4,
             115,
-            mode=(VppEnum.vl_api_vxlan_gbp_api_tunnel_mode_t.
-                  VXLAN_GBP_API_TUNNEL_MODE_L3))
+            mode=(
+                VppEnum.vl_api_vxlan_gbp_api_tunnel_mode_t.VXLAN_GBP_API_TUNNEL_MODE_L3
+            ),
+        )
         rd_uu6.add_vpp_config()
         VppIpInterfaceBind(self, rd_uu6, t4).add_vpp_config()
 
@@ -4284,54 +5102,66 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         gbd2.add_vpp_config()
 
         # ... and has a /32 and /128 applied
-        ip4_addr1 = VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, gbd1.bvi,
-                                          "10.0.0.128", 32,
-                                          bind=b_lo0_ip4).add_vpp_config()
-        ip6_addr1 = VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, gbd1.bvi,
-                                          "2001:10::128", 128,
-                                          bind=b_lo0_ip6).add_vpp_config()
-        ip4_addr2 = VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, gbd2.bvi,
-                                          "10.0.1.128", 32,
-                                          bind=b_lo1_ip4).add_vpp_config()
-        ip6_addr2 = VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, gbd2.bvi,
-                                          "2001:11::128", 128,
-                                          bind=b_lo1_ip6).add_vpp_config()
+        ip4_addr1 = VppIpInterfaceAddress(
+            self, gbd1.bvi, "10.0.0.128", 32, bind=b_lo0_ip4
+        ).add_vpp_config()
+        ip6_addr1 = VppIpInterfaceAddress(
+            self, gbd1.bvi, "2001:10::128", 128, bind=b_lo0_ip6
+        ).add_vpp_config()
+        ip4_addr2 = VppIpInterfaceAddress(
+            self, gbd2.bvi, "10.0.1.128", 32, bind=b_lo1_ip4
+        ).add_vpp_config()
+        ip6_addr2 = VppIpInterfaceAddress(
+            self, gbd2.bvi, "2001:11::128", 128, bind=b_lo1_ip6
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # The Endpoint-groups
         #
-        epg_220 = VppGbpEndpointGroup(self, 220, 440, rd1, gbd1,
-                                      None, gbd1.bvi,
-                                      "10.0.0.128",
-                                      "2001:10::128",
-                                      VppGbpEndpointRetention(60))
+        epg_220 = VppGbpEndpointGroup(
+            self,
+            220,
+            440,
+            rd1,
+            gbd1,
+            None,
+            gbd1.bvi,
+            "10.0.0.128",
+            "2001:10::128",
+            VppGbpEndpointRetention(60),
+        )
         epg_220.add_vpp_config()
-        epg_221 = VppGbpEndpointGroup(self, 221, 441, rd1, gbd2,
-                                      None, gbd2.bvi,
-                                      "10.0.1.128",
-                                      "2001:11::128",
-                                      VppGbpEndpointRetention(60))
+        epg_221 = VppGbpEndpointGroup(
+            self,
+            221,
+            441,
+            rd1,
+            gbd2,
+            None,
+            gbd2.bvi,
+            "10.0.1.128",
+            "2001:11::128",
+            VppGbpEndpointRetention(60),
+        )
         epg_221.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # a GBP bridge domains for the SEPs
         #
-        bd_uu3 = VppVxlanGbpTunnel(self, self.pg7.local_ip4,
-                                   self.pg7.remote_ip4, 116)
+        bd_uu3 = VppVxlanGbpTunnel(self, self.pg7.local_ip4, self.pg7.remote_ip4, 116)
         bd_uu3.add_vpp_config()
 
         bd3 = VppBridgeDomain(self, 3)
         bd3.add_vpp_config()
-        gbd3 = VppGbpBridgeDomain(self, bd3, rd1, self.loop2,
-                                  bd_uu3, learn=False)
+        gbd3 = VppGbpBridgeDomain(self, bd3, rd1, self.loop2, bd_uu3, learn=False)
         gbd3.add_vpp_config()
 
-        ip4_addr3 = VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, gbd3.bvi,
-                                          "12.0.0.128", 32,
-                                          bind=b_lo2_ip4).add_vpp_config()
-        ip6_addr3 = VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, gbd3.bvi,
-                                          "4001:10::128", 128,
-                                          bind=b_lo2_ip6).add_vpp_config()
+        ip4_addr3 = VppIpInterfaceAddress(
+            self, gbd3.bvi, "12.0.0.128", 32, bind=b_lo2_ip4
+        ).add_vpp_config()
+        ip6_addr3 = VppIpInterfaceAddress(
+            self, gbd3.bvi, "4001:10::128", 128, bind=b_lo2_ip6
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show gbp bridge"))
@@ -4343,38 +5173,69 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         #
         # EPGs in which the service endpoints exist
         #
-        epg_320 = VppGbpEndpointGroup(self, 320, 550, rd1, gbd3,
-                                      None, gbd3.bvi,
-                                      "12.0.0.128",
-                                      "4001:10::128",
-                                      VppGbpEndpointRetention(60))
+        epg_320 = VppGbpEndpointGroup(
+            self,
+            320,
+            550,
+            rd1,
+            gbd3,
+            None,
+            gbd3.bvi,
+            "12.0.0.128",
+            "4001:10::128",
+            VppGbpEndpointRetention(60),
+        )
         epg_320.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # endpoints
         #
-        ep1 = VppGbpEndpoint(self, self.pg0,
-                             epg_220, None,
-                             "10.0.0.1", "11.0.0.1",
-                             "2001:10::1", "3001:10::1")
+        ep1 = VppGbpEndpoint(
+            self,
+            self.pg0,
+            epg_220,
+            None,
+            "10.0.0.1",
+            "11.0.0.1",
+            "2001:10::1",
+            "3001:10::1",
+        )
         ep1.add_vpp_config()
-        ep2 = VppGbpEndpoint(self, self.pg1,
-                             epg_221, None,
-                             "10.0.1.1", "11.0.1.1",
-                             "2001:11::1", "3001:11::1")
+        ep2 = VppGbpEndpoint(
+            self,
+            self.pg1,
+            epg_221,
+            None,
+            "10.0.1.1",
+            "11.0.1.1",
+            "2001:11::1",
+            "3001:11::1",
+        )
         ep2.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # service endpoints
         #
-        sep1 = VppGbpEndpoint(self, self.pg3,
-                              epg_320, None,
-                              "12.0.0.1", "13.0.0.1",
-                              "4001:10::1", "5001:10::1")
-        sep2 = VppGbpEndpoint(self, self.pg4,
-                              epg_320, None,
-                              "12.0.0.2", "13.0.0.2",
-                              "4001:10::2", "5001:10::2")
+        sep1 = VppGbpEndpoint(
+            self,
+            self.pg3,
+            epg_320,
+            None,
+            "12.0.0.1",
+            "13.0.0.1",
+            "4001:10::1",
+            "5001:10::1",
+        )
+        sep2 = VppGbpEndpoint(
+            self,
+            self.pg4,
+            epg_320,
+            None,
+            "12.0.0.2",
+            "13.0.0.2",
+            "4001:10::2",
+            "5001:10::2",
+        )
 
         # sep1 and sep2 are not added to config yet
         # they are unknown for now
@@ -4382,34 +5243,54 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         #
         # add routes to EPG subnets
         #
-        VppGbpSubnet(self, rd1, "10.0.0.0", 24,
-                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_TRANSPORT
-                     ).add_vpp_config()
-        VppGbpSubnet(self, rd1, "10.0.1.0", 24,
-                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_TRANSPORT
-                     ).add_vpp_config()
+        VppGbpSubnet(
+            self,
+            rd1,
+            "10.0.0.0",
+            24,
+            VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_TRANSPORT,
+        ).add_vpp_config()
+        VppGbpSubnet(
+            self,
+            rd1,
+            "10.0.1.0",
+            24,
+            VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_TRANSPORT,
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # Local host to known local host in different BD
         # with SFC contract (source and destination are in
         # one node and service endpoint in another node)
         #
-        p4 = [(Ether(src=ep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-               IP(src=ep1.ip4, dst=ep2.ip4) /
-               UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-               Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)),
-              (Ether(src=ep2.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-               IP(src=ep2.ip4, dst=ep1.ip4) /
-               UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-               Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))]
-        p6 = [(Ether(src=ep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-               IPv6(src=ep1.ip6, dst=ep2.ip6) /
-               UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-               Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)),
-              (Ether(src=ep2.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-               IPv6(src=ep2.ip6, dst=ep1.ip6) /
-               UDP(sport=1234, dport=1230) /
-               Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))]
+        p4 = [
+            (
+                Ether(src=ep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+                / IP(src=ep1.ip4, dst=ep2.ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            ),
+            (
+                Ether(src=ep2.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+                / IP(src=ep2.ip4, dst=ep1.ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            ),
+        ]
+        p6 = [
+            (
+                Ether(src=ep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+                / IPv6(src=ep1.ip6, dst=ep2.ip6)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            ),
+            (
+                Ether(src=ep2.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+                / IPv6(src=ep2.ip6, dst=ep1.ip6)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1230)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            ),
+        ]
 
         # should be dropped since no contract yet
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, [p4[0]])
@@ -4420,8 +5301,12 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         # one of the next-hops is via an EP that is not known
         #
         rule4 = AclRule(is_permit=1, proto=17)
-        rule6 = AclRule(src_prefix=IPv6Network((0, 0)),
-                        dst_prefix=IPv6Network((0, 0)), is_permit=1, proto=17)
+        rule6 = AclRule(
+            src_prefix=IPv6Network((0, 0)),
+            dst_prefix=IPv6Network((0, 0)),
+            is_permit=1,
+            proto=17,
+        )
         acl = VppAcl(self, rules=[rule4, rule6])
         acl.add_vpp_config()
 
@@ -4429,33 +5314,63 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         # test the src-ip hash mode
         #
         c1 = VppGbpContract(
-            self, 402, epg_220.sclass, epg_221.sclass, acl.acl_index,
-            [VppGbpContractRule(
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_REDIRECT,
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SYMMETRIC,
-                [VppGbpContractNextHop(sep1.vmac, sep1.epg.bd,
-                                       sep1.ip4, sep1.epg.rd)]),
-             VppGbpContractRule(
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_REDIRECT,
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SYMMETRIC,
-                [VppGbpContractNextHop(sep1.vmac, sep1.epg.bd,
-                                       sep1.ip6, sep1.epg.rd)])],
-            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6])
+            self,
+            402,
+            epg_220.sclass,
+            epg_221.sclass,
+            acl.acl_index,
+            [
+                VppGbpContractRule(
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_REDIRECT,
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SYMMETRIC,
+                    [
+                        VppGbpContractNextHop(
+                            sep1.vmac, sep1.epg.bd, sep1.ip4, sep1.epg.rd
+                        )
+                    ],
+                ),
+                VppGbpContractRule(
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_REDIRECT,
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SYMMETRIC,
+                    [
+                        VppGbpContractNextHop(
+                            sep1.vmac, sep1.epg.bd, sep1.ip6, sep1.epg.rd
+                        )
+                    ],
+                ),
+            ],
+            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6],
+        )
         c1.add_vpp_config()
 
         c2 = VppGbpContract(
-            self, 402, epg_221.sclass, epg_220.sclass, acl.acl_index,
-            [VppGbpContractRule(
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_REDIRECT,
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SYMMETRIC,
-                [VppGbpContractNextHop(sep1.vmac, sep1.epg.bd,
-                                       sep1.ip4, sep1.epg.rd)]),
-             VppGbpContractRule(
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_REDIRECT,
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SYMMETRIC,
-                [VppGbpContractNextHop(sep1.vmac, sep1.epg.bd,
-                                       sep1.ip6, sep1.epg.rd)])],
-            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6])
+            self,
+            402,
+            epg_221.sclass,
+            epg_220.sclass,
+            acl.acl_index,
+            [
+                VppGbpContractRule(
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_REDIRECT,
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SYMMETRIC,
+                    [
+                        VppGbpContractNextHop(
+                            sep1.vmac, sep1.epg.bd, sep1.ip4, sep1.epg.rd
+                        )
+                    ],
+                ),
+                VppGbpContractRule(
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_REDIRECT,
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SYMMETRIC,
+                    [
+                        VppGbpContractNextHop(
+                            sep1.vmac, sep1.epg.bd, sep1.ip6, sep1.epg.rd
+                        )
+                    ],
+                ),
+            ],
+            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6],
+        )
         c2.add_vpp_config()
 
         # ep1 <--> ep2 redirected through sep1
@@ -4564,16 +5479,16 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(rx[IPv6].dst, ep1.ip6)
 
         # packet coming from the l2 spine-proxy to sep1
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg7.remote_mac,
-                   dst=self.pg7.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg7.remote_ip4,
-                dst=self.pg7.local_ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879) /
-             VXLAN(vni=116, gpid=440, gpflags=0x08, flags=0x88) /
-             Ether(src=str(self.router_mac), dst=sep1.mac) /
-             IP(src=ep1.ip4, dst=ep2.ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg7.remote_mac, dst=self.pg7.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg7.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg7.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879)
+            / VXLAN(vni=116, gpid=440, gpflags=0x08, flags=0x88)
+            / Ether(src=str(self.router_mac), dst=sep1.mac)
+            / IP(src=ep1.ip4, dst=ep2.ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg7, [p] * 17, sep1.itf)
 
@@ -4585,14 +5500,23 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
 
         # contract for SEP to communicate with dst EP
         c3 = VppGbpContract(
-            self, 402, epg_320.sclass, epg_221.sclass, acl.acl_index,
-            [VppGbpContractRule(
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SYMMETRIC),
-             VppGbpContractRule(
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SYMMETRIC)],
-            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6])
+            self,
+            402,
+            epg_320.sclass,
+            epg_221.sclass,
+            acl.acl_index,
+            [
+                VppGbpContractRule(
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SYMMETRIC,
+                ),
+                VppGbpContractRule(
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SYMMETRIC,
+                ),
+            ],
+            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6],
+        )
         c3.add_vpp_config()
 
         # temporarily remove ep2, so that ep2 is remote & unknown
@@ -4602,10 +5526,12 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         # as ep2 is now unknown (see above), it must go through
         # the rd UU (packet is routed)
 
-        p1 = (Ether(src=sep1.mac, dst=self.router_mac) /
-              IP(src=ep1.ip4, dst=ep2.ip4) /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p1 = (
+            Ether(src=sep1.mac, dst=self.router_mac)
+            / IP(src=ep1.ip4, dst=ep2.ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg3, [p1] * 17, self.pg7)
 
@@ -4634,16 +5560,16 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         ep2.add_vpp_config()
 
         # packet coming back from the remote sep through rd UU
-        p2 = (Ether(src=self.pg7.remote_mac,
-                    dst=self.pg7.local_mac) /
-              IP(src=self.pg7.remote_ip4,
-                 dst=self.pg7.local_ip4) /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879) /
-              VXLAN(vni=114, gpid=441, gpflags=0x09, flags=0x88) /
-              Ether(src=str(self.router_mac), dst=self.router_mac) /
-              IP(src=ep1.ip4, dst=ep2.ip4) /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p2 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg7.remote_mac, dst=self.pg7.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg7.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg7.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879)
+            / VXLAN(vni=114, gpid=441, gpflags=0x09, flags=0x88)
+            / Ether(src=str(self.router_mac), dst=self.router_mac)
+            / IP(src=ep1.ip4, dst=ep2.ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg7, [p2], self.pg1)
 
@@ -4666,7 +5592,7 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         self.pg7.unconfig_ip4()
 
     def test_gbp_l3_out(self):
-        """ GBP L3 Out """
+        """GBP L3 Out"""
 
         ep_flags = VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_endpoint_flags_t
         self.vapi.cli("set logging class gbp level debug")
@@ -4703,9 +5629,9 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         #
         # a multicast vxlan-gbp tunnel for broadcast in the BD
         #
-        tun_bm = VppVxlanGbpTunnel(self, self.pg7.local_ip4,
-                                   "239.1.1.1", 88,
-                                   mcast_itf=self.pg7)
+        tun_bm = VppVxlanGbpTunnel(
+            self, self.pg7.local_ip4, "239.1.1.1", 88, mcast_itf=self.pg7
+        )
         tun_bm.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -4719,24 +5645,37 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         #
         # The Endpoint-groups in which the external endpoints exist
         #
-        epg_220 = VppGbpEndpointGroup(self, 220, 113, rd1, gbd1,
-                                      None, gbd1.bvi,
-                                      "10.0.0.128",
-                                      "2001:10::128",
-                                      VppGbpEndpointRetention(4))
+        epg_220 = VppGbpEndpointGroup(
+            self,
+            220,
+            113,
+            rd1,
+            gbd1,
+            None,
+            gbd1.bvi,
+            "10.0.0.128",
+            "2001:10::128",
+            VppGbpEndpointRetention(4),
+        )
         epg_220.add_vpp_config()
 
         # the BVIs have the subnets applied ...
-        ip4_addr = VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, gbd1.bvi, "10.0.0.128",
-                                         24, bind=b_ip4).add_vpp_config()
-        ip6_addr = VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, gbd1.bvi, "2001:10::128",
-                                         64, bind=b_ip6).add_vpp_config()
+        ip4_addr = VppIpInterfaceAddress(
+            self, gbd1.bvi, "10.0.0.128", 24, bind=b_ip4
+        ).add_vpp_config()
+        ip6_addr = VppIpInterfaceAddress(
+            self, gbd1.bvi, "2001:10::128", 64, bind=b_ip6
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         # ... which are L3-out subnets
         l3o_1 = VppGbpSubnet(
-            self, rd1, "10.0.0.0", 24,
+            self,
+            rd1,
+            "10.0.0.0",
+            24,
             VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_L3_OUT,
-            sclass=113)
+            sclass=113,
+        )
         l3o_1.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -4753,90 +5692,139 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         # an unicast vxlan-gbp for inter-RD traffic
         #
         vx_tun_l3 = VppGbpVxlanTunnel(
-            self, 444, rd1.rd_id,
+            self,
+            444,
+            rd1.rd_id,
             VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_vxlan_tunnel_mode_t.GBP_VXLAN_TUNNEL_MODE_L3,
-            self.pg2.local_ip4)
+            self.pg2.local_ip4,
+        )
         vx_tun_l3.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # External Endpoints
         #
-        eep1 = VppGbpEndpoint(self, self.vlan_100,
-                              epg_220, None,
-                              "10.0.0.1", "11.0.0.1",
-                              "2001:10::1", "3001::1",
-                              ep_flags.GBP_API_ENDPOINT_FLAG_EXTERNAL)
+        eep1 = VppGbpEndpoint(
+            self,
+            self.vlan_100,
+            epg_220,
+            None,
+            "10.0.0.1",
+            "11.0.0.1",
+            "2001:10::1",
+            "3001::1",
+            ep_flags.GBP_API_ENDPOINT_FLAG_EXTERNAL,
+        )
         eep1.add_vpp_config()
-        eep2 = VppGbpEndpoint(self, self.vlan_101,
-                              epg_220, None,
-                              "10.0.0.2", "11.0.0.2",
-                              "2001:10::2", "3001::2",
-                              ep_flags.GBP_API_ENDPOINT_FLAG_EXTERNAL)
+        eep2 = VppGbpEndpoint(
+            self,
+            self.vlan_101,
+            epg_220,
+            None,
+            "10.0.0.2",
+            "11.0.0.2",
+            "2001:10::2",
+            "3001::2",
+            ep_flags.GBP_API_ENDPOINT_FLAG_EXTERNAL,
+        )
         eep2.add_vpp_config()
-        eep3 = VppGbpEndpoint(self, self.vlan_102,
-                              epg_220, None,
-                              "10.0.0.3", "11.0.0.3",
-                              "2001:10::3", "3001::3",
-                              ep_flags.GBP_API_ENDPOINT_FLAG_EXTERNAL)
+        eep3 = VppGbpEndpoint(
+            self,
+            self.vlan_102,
+            epg_220,
+            None,
+            "10.0.0.3",
+            "11.0.0.3",
+            "2001:10::3",
+            "3001::3",
+            ep_flags.GBP_API_ENDPOINT_FLAG_EXTERNAL,
+        )
         eep3.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # A remote external endpoint
         #
-        rep = VppGbpEndpoint(self, vx_tun_l3,
-                             epg_220, None,
-                             "10.0.0.101", "11.0.0.101",
-                             "2001:10::101", "3001::101",
-                             ep_flags.GBP_API_ENDPOINT_FLAG_REMOTE,
-                             self.pg7.local_ip4,
-                             self.pg7.remote_ip4,
-                             mac=None)
+        rep = VppGbpEndpoint(
+            self,
+            vx_tun_l3,
+            epg_220,
+            None,
+            "10.0.0.101",
+            "11.0.0.101",
+            "2001:10::101",
+            "3001::101",
+            ep_flags.GBP_API_ENDPOINT_FLAG_REMOTE,
+            self.pg7.local_ip4,
+            self.pg7.remote_ip4,
+            mac=None,
+        )
         rep.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # EP1 impersonating EP3 is dropped
         #
-        p = (Ether(src=eep1.mac, dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff") /
-             Dot1Q(vlan=100) /
-             ARP(op="who-has",
-                 psrc="10.0.0.3", pdst="10.0.0.128",
-                 hwsrc=eep1.mac, hwdst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff"))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=eep1.mac, dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff")
+            / Dot1Q(vlan=100)
+            / ARP(
+                op="who-has",
+                psrc="10.0.0.3",
+                pdst="10.0.0.128",
+                hwsrc=eep1.mac,
+                hwdst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff",
+            )
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p)
 
         #
         # ARP packet from External EPs are accepted and replied to
         #
-        p_arp = (Ether(src=eep1.mac, dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff") /
-                 Dot1Q(vlan=100) /
-                 ARP(op="who-has",
-                     psrc=eep1.ip4, pdst="10.0.0.128",
-                     hwsrc=eep1.mac, hwdst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff"))
+        p_arp = (
+            Ether(src=eep1.mac, dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff")
+            / Dot1Q(vlan=100)
+            / ARP(
+                op="who-has",
+                psrc=eep1.ip4,
+                pdst="10.0.0.128",
+                hwsrc=eep1.mac,
+                hwdst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff",
+            )
+        )
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_arp * 1, self.pg0)
 
         #
         # ARP packet from host in remote subnet are accepted and replied to
         #
-        p_arp = (Ether(src=eep3.mac, dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff") /
-                 Dot1Q(vlan=102) /
-                 ARP(op="who-has",
-                     psrc=eep3.ip4, pdst="10.0.0.128",
-                     hwsrc=eep3.mac, hwdst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff"))
+        p_arp = (
+            Ether(src=eep3.mac, dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff")
+            / Dot1Q(vlan=102)
+            / ARP(
+                op="who-has",
+                psrc=eep3.ip4,
+                pdst="10.0.0.128",
+                hwsrc=eep3.mac,
+                hwdst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff",
+            )
+        )
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_arp * 1, self.pg0)
 
         #
         # packets destined to unknown addresses in the BVI's subnet
         # are ARP'd for
         #
-        p4 = (Ether(src=eep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-              Dot1Q(vlan=100) /
-              IP(src="10.0.0.1", dst="10.0.0.88") /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-        p6 = (Ether(src=eep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-              Dot1Q(vlan=100) /
-              IPv6(src="2001:10::1", dst="2001:10::88") /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p4 = (
+            Ether(src=eep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+            / Dot1Q(vlan=100)
+            / IP(src="10.0.0.1", dst="10.0.0.88")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
+        p6 = (
+            Ether(src=eep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+            / Dot1Q(vlan=100)
+            / IPv6(src="2001:10::1", dst="2001:10::88")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p4 * 1, self.pg7)
 
@@ -4860,26 +5848,28 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         #
         # remote to external
         #
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg7.remote_mac,
-                   dst=self.pg7.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg7.remote_ip4,
-                dst=self.pg7.local_ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879) /
-             VXLAN(vni=444, gpid=113, flags=0x88) /
-             Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-             IP(src="10.0.0.101", dst="10.0.0.1") /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg7.remote_mac, dst=self.pg7.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg7.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg7.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879)
+            / VXLAN(vni=444, gpid=113, flags=0x88)
+            / Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+            / IP(src="10.0.0.101", dst="10.0.0.1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg7, p * 1, self.pg0)
 
         #
         # local EP pings router
         #
-        p = (Ether(src=eep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-             Dot1Q(vlan=100) /
-             IP(src=eep1.ip4, dst="10.0.0.128") /
-             ICMP(type='echo-request'))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=eep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+            / Dot1Q(vlan=100)
+            / IP(src=eep1.ip4, dst="10.0.0.128")
+            / ICMP(type="echo-request")
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * 1, self.pg0)
 
@@ -4891,10 +5881,12 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         #
         # local EP pings other local EP
         #
-        p = (Ether(src=eep1.mac, dst=eep2.mac) /
-             Dot1Q(vlan=100) /
-             IP(src=eep1.ip4, dst=eep2.ip4) /
-             ICMP(type='echo-request'))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=eep1.mac, dst=eep2.mac)
+            / Dot1Q(vlan=100)
+            / IP(src=eep1.ip4, dst=eep2.ip4)
+            / ICMP(type="echo-request")
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * 1, self.pg0)
 
@@ -4906,10 +5898,12 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         #
         # local EP pings router w/o vlan tag poped
         #
-        p = (Ether(src=eep3.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-             Dot1Q(vlan=102) /
-             IP(src=eep3.ip4, dst="10.0.0.128") /
-             ICMP(type='echo-request'))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=eep3.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+            / Dot1Q(vlan=102)
+            / IP(src=eep3.ip4, dst="10.0.0.128")
+            / ICMP(type="echo-request")
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * 1, self.pg0)
 
@@ -4920,56 +5914,79 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         #
         # A ip4 subnet reachable through the external EP1
         #
-        ip_220 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.220.0.0", 24,
-                            [VppRoutePath(eep1.ip4,
-                                          eep1.epg.bvi.sw_if_index)],
-                            table_id=t4.table_id)
+        ip_220 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10.220.0.0",
+            24,
+            [VppRoutePath(eep1.ip4, eep1.epg.bvi.sw_if_index)],
+            table_id=t4.table_id,
+        )
         ip_220.add_vpp_config()
 
         l3o_220 = VppGbpSubnet(
-            self, rd1, "10.220.0.0", 24,
+            self,
+            rd1,
+            "10.220.0.0",
+            24,
             VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_L3_OUT,
-            sclass=4220)
+            sclass=4220,
+        )
         l3o_220.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # An ip6 subnet reachable through the external EP1
         #
-        ip6_220 = VppIpRoute(self, "10:220::", 64,
-                             [VppRoutePath(eep1.ip6,
-                                           eep1.epg.bvi.sw_if_index)],
-                             table_id=t6.table_id)
+        ip6_220 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10:220::",
+            64,
+            [VppRoutePath(eep1.ip6, eep1.epg.bvi.sw_if_index)],
+            table_id=t6.table_id,
+        )
         ip6_220.add_vpp_config()
 
         l3o6_220 = VppGbpSubnet(
-            self, rd1, "10:220::", 64,
+            self,
+            rd1,
+            "10:220::",
+            64,
             VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_L3_OUT,
-            sclass=4220)
+            sclass=4220,
+        )
         l3o6_220.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # A subnet reachable through the external EP2
         #
-        ip_221 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.221.0.0", 24,
-                            [VppRoutePath(eep2.ip4,
-                                          eep2.epg.bvi.sw_if_index)],
-                            table_id=t4.table_id)
+        ip_221 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10.221.0.0",
+            24,
+            [VppRoutePath(eep2.ip4, eep2.epg.bvi.sw_if_index)],
+            table_id=t4.table_id,
+        )
         ip_221.add_vpp_config()
 
         l3o_221 = VppGbpSubnet(
-            self, rd1, "10.221.0.0", 24,
+            self,
+            rd1,
+            "10.221.0.0",
+            24,
             VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_L3_OUT,
-            sclass=4221)
+            sclass=4221,
+        )
         l3o_221.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # ping between hosts in remote subnets
         #  dropped without a contract
         #
-        p = (Ether(src=eep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-             Dot1Q(vlan=100) /
-             IP(src="10.220.0.1", dst="10.221.0.1") /
-             ICMP(type='echo-request'))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=eep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+            / Dot1Q(vlan=100)
+            / IP(src="10.220.0.1", dst="10.221.0.1")
+            / ICMP(type="echo-request")
+        )
 
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p * 1)
 
@@ -4977,8 +5994,12 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         # contract for the external nets to communicate
         #
         rule4 = AclRule(is_permit=1, proto=17)
-        rule6 = AclRule(src_prefix=IPv6Network((0, 0)),
-                        dst_prefix=IPv6Network((0, 0)), is_permit=1, proto=17)
+        rule6 = AclRule(
+            src_prefix=IPv6Network((0, 0)),
+            dst_prefix=IPv6Network((0, 0)),
+            is_permit=1,
+            proto=17,
+        )
         acl = VppAcl(self, rules=[rule4, rule6])
         acl.add_vpp_config()
 
@@ -4986,68 +6007,106 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         # A contract with the wrong scope is not matched
         #
         c_44 = VppGbpContract(
-            self, 44, 4220, 4221, acl.acl_index,
-            [VppGbpContractRule(
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                []),
-             VppGbpContractRule(
-                 VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
-                 VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                 [])],
-            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6])
+            self,
+            44,
+            4220,
+            4221,
+            acl.acl_index,
+            [
+                VppGbpContractRule(
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
+                    [],
+                ),
+                VppGbpContractRule(
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
+                    [],
+                ),
+            ],
+            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6],
+        )
         c_44.add_vpp_config()
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p * 1)
 
         c1 = VppGbpContract(
-            self, 55, 4220, 4221, acl.acl_index,
-            [VppGbpContractRule(
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                []),
+            self,
+            55,
+            4220,
+            4221,
+            acl.acl_index,
+            [
                 VppGbpContractRule(
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                    [])],
-            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6])
+                    [],
+                ),
+                VppGbpContractRule(
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
+                    [],
+                ),
+            ],
+            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6],
+        )
         c1.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # Contracts allowing ext-net 200 to talk with external EPs
         #
         c2 = VppGbpContract(
-            self, 55, 4220, 113, acl.acl_index,
-            [VppGbpContractRule(
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                []),
+            self,
+            55,
+            4220,
+            113,
+            acl.acl_index,
+            [
                 VppGbpContractRule(
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                    [])],
-            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6])
+                    [],
+                ),
+                VppGbpContractRule(
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
+                    [],
+                ),
+            ],
+            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6],
+        )
         c2.add_vpp_config()
         c3 = VppGbpContract(
-            self, 55, 113, 4220, acl.acl_index,
-            [VppGbpContractRule(
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                []),
+            self,
+            55,
+            113,
+            4220,
+            acl.acl_index,
+            [
                 VppGbpContractRule(
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                    [])],
-            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6])
+                    [],
+                ),
+                VppGbpContractRule(
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
+                    [],
+                ),
+            ],
+            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6],
+        )
         c3.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # ping between hosts in remote subnets
         #
-        p = (Ether(src=eep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-             Dot1Q(vlan=100) /
-             IP(src="10.220.0.1", dst="10.221.0.1") /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=eep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+            / Dot1Q(vlan=100)
+            / IP(src="10.220.0.1", dst="10.221.0.1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * 1, self.pg0)
 
@@ -5063,27 +6122,29 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         #
         # from remote external EP to local external EP
         #
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg7.remote_mac,
-                   dst=self.pg7.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg7.remote_ip4,
-                dst=self.pg7.local_ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879) /
-             VXLAN(vni=444, gpid=113, flags=0x88) /
-             Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-             IP(src="10.0.0.101", dst="10.220.0.1") /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg7.remote_mac, dst=self.pg7.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg7.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg7.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879)
+            / VXLAN(vni=444, gpid=113, flags=0x88)
+            / Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+            / IP(src="10.0.0.101", dst="10.220.0.1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg7, p * 1, self.pg0)
 
         #
         # ping from an external host to the remote external EP
         #
-        p = (Ether(src=eep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-             Dot1Q(vlan=100) /
-             IP(src="10.220.0.1", dst=rep.ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=eep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+            / Dot1Q(vlan=100)
+            / IP(src="10.220.0.1", dst=rep.ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * 1, self.pg7)
 
@@ -5113,10 +6174,14 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         # first the VXLAN-GBP tunnel over which it is reached
         #
         vx_tun_r1 = VppVxlanGbpTunnel(
-            self, self.pg7.local_ip4,
-            self.pg7.remote_ip4, 445,
-            mode=(VppEnum.vl_api_vxlan_gbp_api_tunnel_mode_t.
-                  VXLAN_GBP_API_TUNNEL_MODE_L3))
+            self,
+            self.pg7.local_ip4,
+            self.pg7.remote_ip4,
+            445,
+            mode=(
+                VppEnum.vl_api_vxlan_gbp_api_tunnel_mode_t.VXLAN_GBP_API_TUNNEL_MODE_L3
+            ),
+        )
         vx_tun_r1.add_vpp_config()
         VppIpInterfaceBind(self, vx_tun_r1, t4).add_vpp_config()
 
@@ -5125,36 +6190,44 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         #
         # then the special adj to resolve through on that tunnel
         #
-        n1 = VppNeighbor(self,
-                         vx_tun_r1.sw_if_index,
-                         "00:0c:0c:0c:0c:0c",
-                         self.pg7.remote_ip4)
+        n1 = VppNeighbor(
+            self, vx_tun_r1.sw_if_index, "00:0c:0c:0c:0c:0c", self.pg7.remote_ip4
+        )
         n1.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # the route via the adj above
         #
-        ip_222 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.222.0.0", 24,
-                            [VppRoutePath(self.pg7.remote_ip4,
-                                          vx_tun_r1.sw_if_index)],
-                            table_id=t4.table_id)
+        ip_222 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10.222.0.0",
+            24,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg7.remote_ip4, vx_tun_r1.sw_if_index)],
+            table_id=t4.table_id,
+        )
         ip_222.add_vpp_config()
 
         l3o_222 = VppGbpSubnet(
-            self, rd1, "10.222.0.0", 24,
+            self,
+            rd1,
+            "10.222.0.0",
+            24,
             VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_L3_OUT,
-            sclass=4222)
+            sclass=4222,
+        )
         l3o_222.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # ping between hosts in local and remote external subnets
         #  dropped without a contract
         #
-        p = (Ether(src=eep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-             Dot1Q(vlan=100) /
-             IP(src="10.220.0.1", dst="10.222.0.1") /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=eep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+            / Dot1Q(vlan=100)
+            / IP(src="10.220.0.1", dst="10.222.0.1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p * 1)
 
@@ -5162,26 +6235,37 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         # Add contracts ext-nets for 220 -> 222
         #
         c4 = VppGbpContract(
-            self, 55, 4220, 4222, acl.acl_index,
-            [VppGbpContractRule(
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                []),
+            self,
+            55,
+            4220,
+            4222,
+            acl.acl_index,
+            [
                 VppGbpContractRule(
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                    [])],
-            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6])
+                    [],
+                ),
+                VppGbpContractRule(
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
+                    [],
+                ),
+            ],
+            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6],
+        )
         c4.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # ping from host in local to remote external subnets
         #
-        p = (Ether(src=eep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-             Dot1Q(vlan=100) /
-             IP(src="10.220.0.1", dst="10.222.0.1") /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=eep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+            / Dot1Q(vlan=100)
+            / IP(src="10.220.0.1", dst="10.222.0.1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * 3, self.pg7)
 
@@ -5208,39 +6292,50 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         # make the external subnet ECMP
         #
         vx_tun_r2 = VppVxlanGbpTunnel(
-            self, self.pg7.local_ip4,
-            self.pg7.remote_ip4, 446,
-            mode=(VppEnum.vl_api_vxlan_gbp_api_tunnel_mode_t.
-                  VXLAN_GBP_API_TUNNEL_MODE_L3))
+            self,
+            self.pg7.local_ip4,
+            self.pg7.remote_ip4,
+            446,
+            mode=(
+                VppEnum.vl_api_vxlan_gbp_api_tunnel_mode_t.VXLAN_GBP_API_TUNNEL_MODE_L3
+            ),
+        )
         vx_tun_r2.add_vpp_config()
         VppIpInterfaceBind(self, vx_tun_r2, t4).add_vpp_config()
 
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh vxlan-gbp tunnel"))
 
-        n2 = VppNeighbor(self,
-                         vx_tun_r2.sw_if_index,
-                         "00:0c:0c:0c:0c:0c",
-                         self.pg7.remote_ip4)
+        n2 = VppNeighbor(
+            self, vx_tun_r2.sw_if_index, "00:0c:0c:0c:0c:0c", self.pg7.remote_ip4
+        )
         n2.add_vpp_config()
 
-        ip_222.modify([VppRoutePath(self.pg7.remote_ip4,
-                                    vx_tun_r1.sw_if_index),
-                       VppRoutePath(self.pg7.remote_ip4,
-                                    vx_tun_r2.sw_if_index)])
+        ip_222.modify(
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(self.pg7.remote_ip4, vx_tun_r1.sw_if_index),
+                VppRoutePath(self.pg7.remote_ip4, vx_tun_r2.sw_if_index),
+            ]
+        )
 
         #
         # now expect load-balance
         #
-        p = [(Ether(src=eep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-              Dot1Q(vlan=100) /
-              IP(src="10.220.0.1", dst="10.222.0.1") /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)),
-             (Ether(src=eep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-              Dot1Q(vlan=100) /
-              IP(src="10.220.0.1", dst="10.222.0.1") /
-              UDP(sport=1222, dport=1235) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))]
+        p = [
+            (
+                Ether(src=eep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+                / Dot1Q(vlan=100)
+                / IP(src="10.220.0.1", dst="10.222.0.1")
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            ),
+            (
+                Ether(src=eep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+                / Dot1Q(vlan=100)
+                / IP(src="10.220.0.1", dst="10.222.0.1")
+                / UDP(sport=1222, dport=1235)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            ),
+        ]
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg7)
 
@@ -5250,41 +6345,53 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         #
         # Same LB test for v6
         #
-        n3 = VppNeighbor(self,
-                         vx_tun_r1.sw_if_index,
-                         "00:0c:0c:0c:0c:0c",
-                         self.pg7.remote_ip6)
+        n3 = VppNeighbor(
+            self, vx_tun_r1.sw_if_index, "00:0c:0c:0c:0c:0c", self.pg7.remote_ip6
+        )
         n3.add_vpp_config()
-        n4 = VppNeighbor(self,
-                         vx_tun_r2.sw_if_index,
-                         "00:0c:0c:0c:0c:0c",
-                         self.pg7.remote_ip6)
+        n4 = VppNeighbor(
+            self, vx_tun_r2.sw_if_index, "00:0c:0c:0c:0c:0c", self.pg7.remote_ip6
+        )
         n4.add_vpp_config()
 
-        ip_222_6 = VppIpRoute(self, "10:222::", 64,
-                              [VppRoutePath(self.pg7.remote_ip6,
-                                            vx_tun_r1.sw_if_index),
-                               VppRoutePath(self.pg7.remote_ip6,
-                                            vx_tun_r2.sw_if_index)],
-                              table_id=t6.table_id)
+        ip_222_6 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10:222::",
+            64,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(self.pg7.remote_ip6, vx_tun_r1.sw_if_index),
+                VppRoutePath(self.pg7.remote_ip6, vx_tun_r2.sw_if_index),
+            ],
+            table_id=t6.table_id,
+        )
         ip_222_6.add_vpp_config()
 
         l3o_222_6 = VppGbpSubnet(
-            self, rd1, "10:222::", 64,
+            self,
+            rd1,
+            "10:222::",
+            64,
             VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_L3_OUT,
-            sclass=4222)
+            sclass=4222,
+        )
         l3o_222_6.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p = [(Ether(src=eep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-              Dot1Q(vlan=100) /
-              IPv6(src="10:220::1", dst="10:222::1") /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)),
-             (Ether(src=eep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-              Dot1Q(vlan=100) /
-              IPv6(src="10:220::1", dst="10:222::1") /
-              UDP(sport=7777, dport=8881) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))]
+        p = [
+            (
+                Ether(src=eep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+                / Dot1Q(vlan=100)
+                / IPv6(src="10:220::1", dst="10:222::1")
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            ),
+            (
+                Ether(src=eep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+                / Dot1Q(vlan=100)
+                / IPv6(src="10:220::1", dst="10:222::1")
+                / UDP(sport=7777, dport=8881)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            ),
+        ]
 
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh ip6 fib 10:222::1"))
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg7)
@@ -5296,14 +6403,16 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         # ping from host in remote to local external subnets
         # there's no contract for this, but the A bit is set.
         #
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg7.remote_mac, dst=self.pg7.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg7.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg7.local_ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879) /
-             VXLAN(vni=445, gpid=4222, flags=0x88, gpflags='A') /
-             Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-             IP(src="10.222.0.1", dst="10.220.0.1") /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg7.remote_mac, dst=self.pg7.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg7.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg7.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879)
+            / VXLAN(vni=445, gpid=4222, flags=0x88, gpflags="A")
+            / Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+            / IP(src="10.222.0.1", dst="10.220.0.1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg7, p * 3, self.pg0)
         self.assertFalse(find_gbp_endpoint(self, ip="10.222.0.1"))
@@ -5312,45 +6421,57 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         # ping from host in remote to remote external subnets
         #   this is dropped by reflection check.
         #
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg7.remote_mac, dst=self.pg7.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg7.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg7.local_ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879) /
-             VXLAN(vni=445, gpid=4222, flags=0x88, gpflags='A') /
-             Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-             IP(src="10.222.0.1", dst="10.222.0.2") /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg7.remote_mac, dst=self.pg7.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg7.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg7.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879)
+            / VXLAN(vni=445, gpid=4222, flags=0x88, gpflags="A")
+            / Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+            / IP(src="10.222.0.1", dst="10.222.0.2")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg7, p * 3)
 
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg7.remote_mac, dst=self.pg7.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg7.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg7.local_ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879) /
-             VXLAN(vni=445, gpid=4222, flags=0x88, gpflags='A') /
-             Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-             IPv6(src="10:222::1", dst="10:222::2") /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg7.remote_mac, dst=self.pg7.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg7.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg7.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879)
+            / VXLAN(vni=445, gpid=4222, flags=0x88, gpflags="A")
+            / Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+            / IPv6(src="10:222::1", dst="10:222::2")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg7, p * 3)
 
         #
         # local EP
         #
-        lep1 = VppGbpEndpoint(self, vlan_144,
-                              epg_220, None,
-                              "10.0.0.44", "11.0.0.44",
-                              "2001:10::44", "3001::44")
+        lep1 = VppGbpEndpoint(
+            self,
+            vlan_144,
+            epg_220,
+            None,
+            "10.0.0.44",
+            "11.0.0.44",
+            "2001:10::44",
+            "3001::44",
+        )
         lep1.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # local EP to local ip4 external subnet
         #
-        p = (Ether(src=lep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-             Dot1Q(vlan=144) /
-             IP(src=lep1.ip4, dst="10.220.0.1") /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=lep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+            / Dot1Q(vlan=144)
+            / IP(src=lep1.ip4, dst="10.220.0.1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * 1, self.pg0)
 
@@ -5362,11 +6483,13 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         #
         # local EP to local ip6 external subnet
         #
-        p = (Ether(src=lep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-             Dot1Q(vlan=144) /
-             IPv6(src=lep1.ip6, dst="10:220::1") /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=lep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+            / Dot1Q(vlan=144)
+            / IPv6(src=lep1.ip6, dst="10:220::1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * 1, self.pg0)
 
@@ -5378,48 +6501,70 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         #
         # ip4 and ip6 subnets that load-balance
         #
-        ip_20 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.20.0.0", 24,
-                           [VppRoutePath(eep1.ip4,
-                                         eep1.epg.bvi.sw_if_index),
-                            VppRoutePath(eep2.ip4,
-                                         eep2.epg.bvi.sw_if_index)],
-                           table_id=t4.table_id)
+        ip_20 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10.20.0.0",
+            24,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(eep1.ip4, eep1.epg.bvi.sw_if_index),
+                VppRoutePath(eep2.ip4, eep2.epg.bvi.sw_if_index),
+            ],
+            table_id=t4.table_id,
+        )
         ip_20.add_vpp_config()
 
         l3o_20 = VppGbpSubnet(
-            self, rd1, "10.20.0.0", 24,
+            self,
+            rd1,
+            "10.20.0.0",
+            24,
             VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_L3_OUT,
-            sclass=4220)
+            sclass=4220,
+        )
         l3o_20.add_vpp_config()
 
-        ip6_20 = VppIpRoute(self, "10:20::", 64,
-                            [VppRoutePath(eep1.ip6,
-                                          eep1.epg.bvi.sw_if_index),
-                             VppRoutePath(eep2.ip6,
-                                          eep2.epg.bvi.sw_if_index)],
-                            table_id=t6.table_id)
+        ip6_20 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10:20::",
+            64,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(eep1.ip6, eep1.epg.bvi.sw_if_index),
+                VppRoutePath(eep2.ip6, eep2.epg.bvi.sw_if_index),
+            ],
+            table_id=t6.table_id,
+        )
         ip6_20.add_vpp_config()
 
         l3o6_20 = VppGbpSubnet(
-            self, rd1, "10:20::", 64,
+            self,
+            rd1,
+            "10:20::",
+            64,
             VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_L3_OUT,
-            sclass=4220)
+            sclass=4220,
+        )
         l3o6_20.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh ip fib 10.20.0.1"))
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh ip6 fib 10:20::1"))
 
         # two ip6 packets whose port are chosen so they load-balance
-        p = [(Ether(src=lep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-              Dot1Q(vlan=144) /
-              IPv6(src=lep1.ip6, dst="10:20::1") /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)),
-             (Ether(src=lep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-              Dot1Q(vlan=144) /
-              IPv6(src=lep1.ip6, dst="10:20::1") /
-              UDP(sport=124, dport=1230) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))]
+        p = [
+            (
+                Ether(src=lep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+                / Dot1Q(vlan=144)
+                / IPv6(src=lep1.ip6, dst="10:20::1")
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            ),
+            (
+                Ether(src=lep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+                / Dot1Q(vlan=144)
+                / IPv6(src=lep1.ip6, dst="10:20::1")
+                / UDP(sport=124, dport=1230)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            ),
+        ]
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg0, 2)
 
@@ -5427,16 +6572,22 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(rxs[1][Dot1Q].vlan, 100)
 
         # two ip4 packets whose port are chosen so they load-balance
-        p = [(Ether(src=lep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-              Dot1Q(vlan=144) /
-              IP(src=lep1.ip4, dst="10.20.0.1") /
-              UDP(sport=1235, dport=1235) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)),
-             (Ether(src=lep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-              Dot1Q(vlan=144) /
-              IP(src=lep1.ip4, dst="10.20.0.1") /
-              UDP(sport=124, dport=1230) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))]
+        p = [
+            (
+                Ether(src=lep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+                / Dot1Q(vlan=144)
+                / IP(src=lep1.ip4, dst="10.20.0.1")
+                / UDP(sport=1235, dport=1235)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            ),
+            (
+                Ether(src=lep1.mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+                / Dot1Q(vlan=144)
+                / IP(src=lep1.ip4, dst="10.20.0.1")
+                / UDP(sport=124, dport=1230)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            ),
+        ]
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg0, 2)
 
@@ -5452,7 +6603,7 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         self.vlan_100.set_vtr(L2_VTR_OP.L2_DISABLED)
 
     def test_gbp_anon_l3_out(self):
-        """ GBP Anonymous L3 Out """
+        """GBP Anonymous L3 Out"""
 
         ep_flags = VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_endpoint_flags_t
         self.vapi.cli("set logging class gbp level debug")
@@ -5497,23 +6648,34 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         #
         # The Endpoint-groups in which the external endpoints exist
         #
-        epg_220 = VppGbpEndpointGroup(self, 220, 113, rd1, gbd1,
-                                      None, gbd1.bvi,
-                                      "10.0.0.128",
-                                      "2001:10::128",
-                                      VppGbpEndpointRetention(4))
+        epg_220 = VppGbpEndpointGroup(
+            self,
+            220,
+            113,
+            rd1,
+            gbd1,
+            None,
+            gbd1.bvi,
+            "10.0.0.128",
+            "2001:10::128",
+            VppGbpEndpointRetention(4),
+        )
         epg_220.add_vpp_config()
 
         # the BVIs have the subnet applied ...
-        ip4_addr = VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, gbd1.bvi,
-                                         "10.0.0.128", 24,
-                                         bind=bind_l0_ip4).add_vpp_config()
+        ip4_addr = VppIpInterfaceAddress(
+            self, gbd1.bvi, "10.0.0.128", 24, bind=bind_l0_ip4
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         # ... which is an Anonymous L3-out subnets
         l3o_1 = VppGbpSubnet(
-            self, rd1, "10.0.0.0", 24,
+            self,
+            rd1,
+            "10.0.0.0",
+            24,
             VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_ANON_L3_OUT,
-            sclass=113)
+            sclass=113,
+        )
         l3o_1.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -5535,22 +6697,31 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         # an unicast vxlan-gbp for inter-RD traffic
         #
         vx_tun_l3 = VppGbpVxlanTunnel(
-            self, 444, rd1.rd_id,
+            self,
+            444,
+            rd1.rd_id,
             VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_vxlan_tunnel_mode_t.GBP_VXLAN_TUNNEL_MODE_L3,
-            self.pg2.local_ip4)
+            self.pg2.local_ip4,
+        )
         vx_tun_l3.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # A remote external endpoint
         #
-        rep = VppGbpEndpoint(self, vx_tun_l3,
-                             epg_220, None,
-                             "10.0.0.201", "11.0.0.201",
-                             "2001:10::201", "3001::101",
-                             ep_flags.GBP_API_ENDPOINT_FLAG_REMOTE,
-                             self.pg7.local_ip4,
-                             self.pg7.remote_ip4,
-                             mac=None)
+        rep = VppGbpEndpoint(
+            self,
+            vx_tun_l3,
+            epg_220,
+            None,
+            "10.0.0.201",
+            "11.0.0.201",
+            "2001:10::201",
+            "3001::101",
+            ep_flags.GBP_API_ENDPOINT_FLAG_REMOTE,
+            self.pg7.local_ip4,
+            self.pg7.remote_ip4,
+            mac=None,
+        )
         rep.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -5559,48 +6730,56 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         #   - APR request flooded over the other vlan subif
         #   - ARP reply from BVI
         #
-        p_arp = (Ether(src=self.vlan_100.remote_mac,
-                       dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff") /
-                 Dot1Q(vlan=100) /
-                 ARP(op="who-has",
-                     psrc="10.0.0.100",
-                     pdst="10.0.0.128",
-                     hwsrc=self.vlan_100.remote_mac,
-                     hwdst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff"))
+        p_arp = (
+            Ether(src=self.vlan_100.remote_mac, dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff")
+            / Dot1Q(vlan=100)
+            / ARP(
+                op="who-has",
+                psrc="10.0.0.100",
+                pdst="10.0.0.128",
+                hwsrc=self.vlan_100.remote_mac,
+                hwdst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff",
+            )
+        )
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_arp * 1, self.pg0, n_rx=2)
 
-        p_arp = (Ether(src=self.vlan_101.remote_mac,
-                       dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff") /
-                 Dot1Q(vlan=101) /
-                 ARP(op="who-has",
-                     psrc='10.0.0.101',
-                     pdst="10.0.0.128",
-                     hwsrc=self.vlan_101.remote_mac,
-                     hwdst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff"))
+        p_arp = (
+            Ether(src=self.vlan_101.remote_mac, dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff")
+            / Dot1Q(vlan=101)
+            / ARP(
+                op="who-has",
+                psrc="10.0.0.101",
+                pdst="10.0.0.128",
+                hwsrc=self.vlan_101.remote_mac,
+                hwdst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff",
+            )
+        )
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_arp * 1, self.pg0, n_rx=2)
 
         #
         # remote to external
         #
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg7.remote_mac,
-                   dst=self.pg7.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg7.remote_ip4,
-                dst=self.pg7.local_ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879) /
-             VXLAN(vni=vx_tun_l3.vni, gpid=epg_220.sclass, flags=0x88) /
-             Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-             IP(src=str(rep.ip4), dst="10.0.0.100") /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg7.remote_mac, dst=self.pg7.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg7.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg7.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879)
+            / VXLAN(vni=vx_tun_l3.vni, gpid=epg_220.sclass, flags=0x88)
+            / Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+            / IP(src=str(rep.ip4), dst="10.0.0.100")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg7, p * 1, self.pg0)
 
         #
         # local EP pings router
         #
-        p = (Ether(src=self.vlan_100.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-             Dot1Q(vlan=100) /
-             IP(src="10.0.0.100", dst="10.0.0.128") /
-             ICMP(type='echo-request'))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.vlan_100.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+            / Dot1Q(vlan=100)
+            / IP(src="10.0.0.100", dst="10.0.0.128")
+            / ICMP(type="echo-request")
+        )
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * 1, self.pg0)
 
         for rx in rxs:
@@ -5611,11 +6790,12 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         #
         # local EP pings other local EP
         #
-        p = (Ether(src=self.vlan_100.remote_mac,
-                   dst=self.vlan_101.remote_mac) /
-             Dot1Q(vlan=100) /
-             IP(src="10.0.0.100", dst="10.0.0.101") /
-             ICMP(type='echo-request'))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.vlan_100.remote_mac, dst=self.vlan_101.remote_mac)
+            / Dot1Q(vlan=100)
+            / IP(src="10.0.0.100", dst="10.0.0.101")
+            / ICMP(type="echo-request")
+        )
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * 1, self.pg0)
 
         for rx in rxs:
@@ -5626,43 +6806,59 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         #
         # A subnet reachable through an external router on vlan 100
         #
-        ip_220 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.220.0.0", 24,
-                            [VppRoutePath("10.0.0.100",
-                                          epg_220.bvi.sw_if_index)],
-                            table_id=t4.table_id)
+        ip_220 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10.220.0.0",
+            24,
+            [VppRoutePath("10.0.0.100", epg_220.bvi.sw_if_index)],
+            table_id=t4.table_id,
+        )
         ip_220.add_vpp_config()
 
         l3o_220 = VppGbpSubnet(
-            self, rd1, "10.220.0.0", 24,
+            self,
+            rd1,
+            "10.220.0.0",
+            24,
             # note: this a "regular" L3 out subnet (not connected)
             VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_L3_OUT,
-            sclass=4220)
+            sclass=4220,
+        )
         l3o_220.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # A subnet reachable through an external router on vlan 101
         #
-        ip_221 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.221.0.0", 24,
-                            [VppRoutePath("10.0.0.101",
-                                          epg_220.bvi.sw_if_index)],
-                            table_id=t4.table_id)
+        ip_221 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10.221.0.0",
+            24,
+            [VppRoutePath("10.0.0.101", epg_220.bvi.sw_if_index)],
+            table_id=t4.table_id,
+        )
         ip_221.add_vpp_config()
 
         l3o_221 = VppGbpSubnet(
-            self, rd1, "10.221.0.0", 24,
+            self,
+            rd1,
+            "10.221.0.0",
+            24,
             # note: this a "regular" L3 out subnet (not connected)
             VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_L3_OUT,
-            sclass=4221)
+            sclass=4221,
+        )
         l3o_221.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # ping between hosts in remote subnets
         #  dropped without a contract
         #
-        p = (Ether(src=self.vlan_100.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-             Dot1Q(vlan=100) /
-             IP(src="10.220.0.1", dst="10.221.0.1") /
-             ICMP(type='echo-request'))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.vlan_100.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+            / Dot1Q(vlan=100)
+            / IP(src="10.220.0.1", dst="10.221.0.1")
+            / ICMP(type="echo-request")
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p * 1)
 
@@ -5670,60 +6866,93 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         # contract for the external nets to communicate
         #
         rule4 = AclRule(is_permit=1, proto=17)
-        rule6 = AclRule(src_prefix=IPv6Network((0, 0)),
-                        dst_prefix=IPv6Network((0, 0)), is_permit=1, proto=17)
+        rule6 = AclRule(
+            src_prefix=IPv6Network((0, 0)),
+            dst_prefix=IPv6Network((0, 0)),
+            is_permit=1,
+            proto=17,
+        )
         acl = VppAcl(self, rules=[rule4, rule6])
         acl.add_vpp_config()
 
         c1 = VppGbpContract(
-            self, 55, 4220, 4221, acl.acl_index,
-            [VppGbpContractRule(
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                []),
+            self,
+            55,
+            4220,
+            4221,
+            acl.acl_index,
+            [
                 VppGbpContractRule(
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                    [])],
-            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6])
+                    [],
+                ),
+                VppGbpContractRule(
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
+                    [],
+                ),
+            ],
+            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6],
+        )
         c1.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # Contracts allowing ext-net 200 to talk with external EPs
         #
         c2 = VppGbpContract(
-            self, 55, 4220, 113, acl.acl_index,
-            [VppGbpContractRule(
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                []),
+            self,
+            55,
+            4220,
+            113,
+            acl.acl_index,
+            [
                 VppGbpContractRule(
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                    [])],
-            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6])
+                    [],
+                ),
+                VppGbpContractRule(
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
+                    [],
+                ),
+            ],
+            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6],
+        )
         c2.add_vpp_config()
         c3 = VppGbpContract(
-            self, 55, 113, 4220, acl.acl_index,
-            [VppGbpContractRule(
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                []),
+            self,
+            55,
+            113,
+            4220,
+            acl.acl_index,
+            [
                 VppGbpContractRule(
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                    [])],
-            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6])
+                    [],
+                ),
+                VppGbpContractRule(
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
+                    [],
+                ),
+            ],
+            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6],
+        )
         c3.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # ping between hosts in remote subnets
         #
-        p = (Ether(src=self.vlan_100.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-             Dot1Q(vlan=100) /
-             IP(src="10.220.0.1", dst="10.221.0.1") /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.vlan_100.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+            / Dot1Q(vlan=100)
+            / IP(src="10.220.0.1", dst="10.221.0.1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * 1, self.pg0)
 
@@ -5739,27 +6968,29 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         #
         # from remote external EP to local external EP
         #
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg7.remote_mac,
-                   dst=self.pg7.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg7.remote_ip4,
-                dst=self.pg7.local_ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879) /
-             VXLAN(vni=444, gpid=113, flags=0x88) /
-             Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-             IP(src=rep.ip4, dst="10.220.0.1") /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg7.remote_mac, dst=self.pg7.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg7.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg7.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879)
+            / VXLAN(vni=444, gpid=113, flags=0x88)
+            / Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+            / IP(src=rep.ip4, dst="10.220.0.1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg7, p * 1, self.pg0)
 
         #
         # ping from an external host to the remote external EP
         #
-        p = (Ether(src=self.vlan_100.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-             Dot1Q(vlan=100) /
-             IP(src="10.220.0.1", dst=rep.ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.vlan_100.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+            / Dot1Q(vlan=100)
+            / IP(src="10.220.0.1", dst=rep.ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * 1, self.pg7)
 
@@ -5789,10 +7020,14 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         # first the VXLAN-GBP tunnel over which it is reached
         #
         vx_tun_r = VppVxlanGbpTunnel(
-            self, self.pg7.local_ip4,
-            self.pg7.remote_ip4, 445,
-            mode=(VppEnum.vl_api_vxlan_gbp_api_tunnel_mode_t.
-                  VXLAN_GBP_API_TUNNEL_MODE_L3))
+            self,
+            self.pg7.local_ip4,
+            self.pg7.remote_ip4,
+            445,
+            mode=(
+                VppEnum.vl_api_vxlan_gbp_api_tunnel_mode_t.VXLAN_GBP_API_TUNNEL_MODE_L3
+            ),
+        )
         vx_tun_r.add_vpp_config()
         VppIpInterfaceBind(self, vx_tun_r, t4).add_vpp_config()
 
@@ -5801,37 +7036,45 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         #
         # then the special adj to resolve through on that tunnel
         #
-        n1 = VppNeighbor(self,
-                         vx_tun_r.sw_if_index,
-                         "00:0c:0c:0c:0c:0c",
-                         self.pg7.remote_ip4)
+        n1 = VppNeighbor(
+            self, vx_tun_r.sw_if_index, "00:0c:0c:0c:0c:0c", self.pg7.remote_ip4
+        )
         n1.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # the route via the adj above
         #
-        ip_222 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.222.0.0", 24,
-                            [VppRoutePath(self.pg7.remote_ip4,
-                                          vx_tun_r.sw_if_index)],
-                            table_id=t4.table_id)
+        ip_222 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10.222.0.0",
+            24,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg7.remote_ip4, vx_tun_r.sw_if_index)],
+            table_id=t4.table_id,
+        )
         ip_222.add_vpp_config()
 
         l3o_222 = VppGbpSubnet(
-            self, rd1, "10.222.0.0", 24,
+            self,
+            rd1,
+            "10.222.0.0",
+            24,
             # note: this a "regular" l3out subnet (not connected)
             VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_subnet_type_t.GBP_API_SUBNET_L3_OUT,
-            sclass=4222)
+            sclass=4222,
+        )
         l3o_222.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # ping between hosts in local and remote external subnets
         #  dropped without a contract
         #
-        p = (Ether(src=self.vlan_100.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-             Dot1Q(vlan=100) /
-             IP(src="10.220.0.1", dst="10.222.0.1") /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.vlan_100.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+            / Dot1Q(vlan=100)
+            / IP(src="10.220.0.1", dst="10.222.0.1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p * 1)
 
@@ -5839,26 +7082,37 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         # Add contracts ext-nets for 220 -> 222
         #
         c4 = VppGbpContract(
-            self, 55, 4220, 4222, acl.acl_index,
-            [VppGbpContractRule(
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
-                VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                []),
+            self,
+            55,
+            4220,
+            4222,
+            acl.acl_index,
+            [
                 VppGbpContractRule(
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
                     VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
-                    [])],
-            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6])
+                    [],
+                ),
+                VppGbpContractRule(
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_rule_action_t.GBP_API_RULE_PERMIT,
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_gbp_hash_mode_t.GBP_API_HASH_MODE_SRC_IP,
+                    [],
+                ),
+            ],
+            [ETH_P_IP, ETH_P_IPV6],
+        )
         c4.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # ping from host in local to remote external subnets
         #
-        p = (Ether(src=self.vlan_100.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-             Dot1Q(vlan=100) /
-             IP(src="10.220.0.1", dst="10.222.0.1") /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.vlan_100.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+            / Dot1Q(vlan=100)
+            / IP(src="10.220.0.1", dst="10.222.0.1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * 3, self.pg7)
 
@@ -5885,14 +7139,16 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         # ping from host in remote to local external subnets
         # there's no contract for this, but the A bit is set.
         #
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg7.remote_mac, dst=self.pg7.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg7.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg7.local_ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879) /
-             VXLAN(vni=445, gpid=4222, flags=0x88, gpflags='A') /
-             Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-             IP(src="10.222.0.1", dst="10.220.0.1") /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg7.remote_mac, dst=self.pg7.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg7.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg7.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879)
+            / VXLAN(vni=445, gpid=4222, flags=0x88, gpflags="A")
+            / Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+            / IP(src="10.222.0.1", dst="10.220.0.1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg7, p * 3, self.pg0)
         self.assertFalse(find_gbp_endpoint(self, ip="10.222.0.1"))
@@ -5901,14 +7157,16 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         # ping from host in remote to remote external subnets
         #   this is dropped by reflection check.
         #
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg7.remote_mac, dst=self.pg7.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg7.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg7.local_ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879) /
-             VXLAN(vni=445, gpid=4222, flags=0x88, gpflags='A') /
-             Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac)) /
-             IP(src="10.222.0.1", dst="10.222.0.2") /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg7.remote_mac, dst=self.pg7.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg7.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg7.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=48879)
+            / VXLAN(vni=445, gpid=4222, flags=0x88, gpflags="A")
+            / Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=str(self.router_mac))
+            / IP(src="10.222.0.1", dst="10.222.0.2")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg7, p * 3)
 
@@ -5922,5 +7180,5 @@ class TestGBP(VppTestCase):
         self.wait_for_ep_timeout(sw_if_index=rep.itf.sw_if_index, ip=rep.ip4)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/extras/deprecated/vnet/vxlan-gbp/test_vxlan_gbp.py b/extras/deprecated/vnet/vxlan-gbp/test_vxlan_gbp.py
index f332aced7d8..1d64937b6dd 100644
--- a/extras/deprecated/vnet/vxlan-gbp/test_vxlan_gbp.py
+++ b/extras/deprecated/vnet/vxlan-gbp/test_vxlan_gbp.py
@@ -16,37 +16,43 @@ from vpp_ip import INVALID_INDEX
 
 
 class TestVxlanGbp(VppTestCase):
-    """ VXLAN GBP Test Case """
+    """VXLAN GBP Test Case"""
 
     @property
     def frame_request(self):
-        """ Ethernet frame modeling a generic request """
-        return (Ether(src='00:00:00:00:00:01', dst='00:00:00:00:00:02') /
-                IP(src='1.2.3.4', dst='4.3.2.1') /
-                UDP(sport=10000, dport=20000) /
-                Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        """Ethernet frame modeling a generic request"""
+        return (
+            Ether(src="00:00:00:00:00:01", dst="00:00:00:00:00:02")
+            / IP(src="1.2.3.4", dst="4.3.2.1")
+            / UDP(sport=10000, dport=20000)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
     @property
     def frame_reply(self):
-        """ Ethernet frame modeling a generic reply """
-        return (Ether(src='00:00:00:00:00:02', dst='00:00:00:00:00:01') /
-                IP(src='4.3.2.1', dst='1.2.3.4') /
-                UDP(sport=20000, dport=10000) /
-                Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        """Ethernet frame modeling a generic reply"""
+        return (
+            Ether(src="00:00:00:00:00:02", dst="00:00:00:00:00:01")
+            / IP(src="4.3.2.1", dst="1.2.3.4")
+            / UDP(sport=20000, dport=10000)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
     def encapsulate(self, pkt, vni):
         """
         Encapsulate the original payload frame by adding VXLAN GBP header with
         its UDP, IP and Ethernet fields
         """
-        return (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-                UDP(sport=self.dport, dport=self.dport, chksum=0) /
-                VXLAN(vni=vni, flags=self.flags, gpflags=self.gpflags,
-                gpid=self.sclass) / pkt)
+        return (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=self.dport, dport=self.dport, chksum=0)
+            / VXLAN(vni=vni, flags=self.flags, gpflags=self.gpflags, gpid=self.sclass)
+            / pkt
+        )
 
     def ip_range(self, start, end):
-        """ range of remote ip's """
+        """range of remote ip's"""
         return ip4_range(self.pg0.remote_ip4, start, end)
 
     def decapsulate(self, pkt):
@@ -54,7 +60,7 @@ class TestVxlanGbp(VppTestCase):
         Decapsulate the original payload frame by removing VXLAN header
         """
         # check if is set G and I flag
-        self.assertEqual(pkt[VXLAN].flags, int('0x88', 16))
+        self.assertEqual(pkt[VXLAN].flags, int("0x88", 16))
         return pkt[VXLAN].payload
 
     # Method for checking VXLAN GBP encapsulation.
@@ -94,28 +100,28 @@ class TestVxlanGbp(VppTestCase):
         ip_range_start = 10
         ip_range_end = ip_range_start + n_ucast_tunnels
         next_hop_address = cls.pg0.remote_ip4
-        for dest_ip4 in ip4_range(cls.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                  ip_range_start,
-                                  ip_range_end):
+        for dest_ip4 in ip4_range(cls.pg0.remote_ip4, ip_range_start, ip_range_end):
             # add host route so dest_ip4 will not be resolved
-            rip = VppIpRoute(cls, dest_ip4, 32,
-                             [VppRoutePath(next_hop_address,
-                                           INVALID_INDEX)],
-                             register=False)
+            rip = VppIpRoute(
+                cls,
+                dest_ip4,
+                32,
+                [VppRoutePath(next_hop_address, INVALID_INDEX)],
+                register=False,
+            )
             rip.add_vpp_config()
             r = cls.vapi.vxlan_gbp_tunnel_add_del(
                 tunnel={
-                    'src': cls.pg0.local_ip4,
-                    'dst': dest_ip4,
-                    'vni': vni,
-                    'instance': INVALID_INDEX,
-                    'mcast_sw_if_index': INVALID_INDEX,
-                    'mode': 1,
+                    "src": cls.pg0.local_ip4,
+                    "dst": dest_ip4,
+                    "vni": vni,
+                    "instance": INVALID_INDEX,
+                    "mcast_sw_if_index": INVALID_INDEX,
+                    "mode": 1,
                 },
-                is_add=1
+                is_add=1,
             )
-            cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(rx_sw_if_index=r.sw_if_index,
-                                                bd_id=vni)
+            cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(rx_sw_if_index=r.sw_if_index, bd_id=vni)
 
     # Class method to start the VXLAN GBP test case.
     #  Overrides setUpClass method in VppTestCase class.
@@ -146,33 +152,33 @@ class TestVxlanGbp(VppTestCase):
             # Create VXLAN GBP VTEP on VPP pg0, and put vxlan_gbp_tunnel0 and
             # pg1 into BD.
             cls.single_tunnel_bd = 1
-            cls.single_tunnel_vni = 0xabcde
+            cls.single_tunnel_vni = 0xABCDE
             r = cls.vapi.vxlan_gbp_tunnel_add_del(
                 tunnel={
-                    'src': cls.pg0.local_ip4,
-                    'dst': cls.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                    'vni': cls.single_tunnel_vni,
-                    'instance': INVALID_INDEX,
-                    'mcast_sw_if_index': INVALID_INDEX,
-                    'mode': 1,
+                    "src": cls.pg0.local_ip4,
+                    "dst": cls.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                    "vni": cls.single_tunnel_vni,
+                    "instance": INVALID_INDEX,
+                    "mcast_sw_if_index": INVALID_INDEX,
+                    "mode": 1,
                 },
-                is_add=1
+                is_add=1,
             )
-            cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(rx_sw_if_index=r.sw_if_index,
-                                                bd_id=cls.single_tunnel_bd)
             cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-                rx_sw_if_index=cls.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                bd_id=cls.single_tunnel_bd)
+                rx_sw_if_index=r.sw_if_index, bd_id=cls.single_tunnel_bd
+            )
+            cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
+                rx_sw_if_index=cls.pg1.sw_if_index, bd_id=cls.single_tunnel_bd
+            )
 
             # Setup vni 2 to test multicast flooding
             cls.n_ucast_tunnels = 2
             # Setup vni 3 to test unicast flooding
             cls.ucast_flood_bd = 3
-            cls.create_vxlan_gbp_flood_test_bd(cls.ucast_flood_bd,
-                                               cls.n_ucast_tunnels)
+            cls.create_vxlan_gbp_flood_test_bd(cls.ucast_flood_bd, cls.n_ucast_tunnels)
             cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-                rx_sw_if_index=cls.pg3.sw_if_index,
-                bd_id=cls.ucast_flood_bd)
+                rx_sw_if_index=cls.pg3.sw_if_index, bd_id=cls.ucast_flood_bd
+            )
         except Exception:
             super(TestVxlanGbp, cls).tearDownClass()
             raise
@@ -182,7 +188,7 @@ class TestVxlanGbp(VppTestCase):
         super(TestVxlanGbp, cls).tearDownClass()
 
     def assert_eq_pkts(self, pkt1, pkt2):
-        """ Verify the Ether, IP, UDP, payload are equal in both
+        """Verify the Ether, IP, UDP, payload are equal in both
         packets
         """
         self.assertEqual(pkt1[Ether].src, pkt2[Ether].src)
@@ -194,14 +200,17 @@ class TestVxlanGbp(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(pkt1[Raw], pkt2[Raw])
 
     def test_decap(self):
-        """ Decapsulation test
+        """Decapsulation test
         Send encapsulated frames from pg0
         Verify receipt of decapsulated frames on pg1
         """
-        encapsulated_pkt = self.encapsulate(self.frame_request,
-                                            self.single_tunnel_vni)
+        encapsulated_pkt = self.encapsulate(self.frame_request, self.single_tunnel_vni)
 
-        self.pg0.add_stream([encapsulated_pkt, ])
+        self.pg0.add_stream(
+            [
+                encapsulated_pkt,
+            ]
+        )
 
         self.pg1.enable_capture()
 
@@ -214,7 +223,7 @@ class TestVxlanGbp(VppTestCase):
         self.assert_eq_pkts(pkt, self.frame_request)
 
     def test_encap(self):
-        """ Encapsulation test
+        """Encapsulation test
         Send frames from pg1
         Verify receipt of encapsulated frames on pg0
         """
@@ -233,7 +242,7 @@ class TestVxlanGbp(VppTestCase):
         self.assert_eq_pkts(payload, self.frame_reply)
 
     def test_ucast_flood(self):
-        """ Unicast flood test
+        """Unicast flood test
         Send frames from pg3
         Verify receipt of encapsulated frames on pg0
         """
@@ -251,16 +260,18 @@ class TestVxlanGbp(VppTestCase):
             self.assert_eq_pkts(payload, self.frame_reply)
 
     def test_encap_big_packet(self):
-        """ Encapsulation test send big frame from pg1
+        """Encapsulation test send big frame from pg1
         Verify receipt of encapsulated frames on pg0
         """
 
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(self.pg0.sw_if_index, [1500, 0, 0, 0])
 
-        frame = (Ether(src='00:00:00:00:00:02', dst='00:00:00:00:00:01') /
-                 IP(src='4.3.2.1', dst='1.2.3.4') /
-                 UDP(sport=20000, dport=10000) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 1450))
+        frame = (
+            Ether(src="00:00:00:00:00:02", dst="00:00:00:00:00:01")
+            / IP(src="4.3.2.1", dst="1.2.3.4")
+            / UDP(sport=20000, dport=10000)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 1450)
+        )
 
         self.pg1.add_stream([frame])
 
@@ -276,9 +287,9 @@ class TestVxlanGbp(VppTestCase):
         payload = self.decapsulate(pkt)
         self.assert_eq_pkts(payload, frame)
 
-# Method to define VPP actions before tear down of the test case.
-#  Overrides tearDown method in VppTestCase class.
-#  @param self The object pointer.
+    # Method to define VPP actions before tear down of the test case.
+    #  Overrides tearDown method in VppTestCase class.
+    #  @param self The object pointer.
     def tearDown(self):
         super(TestVxlanGbp, self).tearDown()
 
@@ -289,5 +300,5 @@ class TestVxlanGbp(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show error"))
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/extras/deprecated/vnet/vxlan-gbp/vpp_vxlan_gbp_tunnel.py b/extras/deprecated/vnet/vxlan-gbp/vpp_vxlan_gbp_tunnel.py
index 0898bd9f810..1b6b4e731ca 100644
--- a/extras/deprecated/vnet/vxlan-gbp/vpp_vxlan_gbp_tunnel.py
+++ b/extras/deprecated/vnet/vxlan-gbp/vpp_vxlan_gbp_tunnel.py
@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
-
 from vpp_interface import VppInterface
 from vpp_papi import VppEnum
 
 
-INDEX_INVALID = 0xffffffff
+INDEX_INVALID = 0xFFFFFFFF
 
 
 def find_vxlan_gbp_tunnel(test, src, dst, vni):
     ts = test.vapi.vxlan_gbp_tunnel_dump(INDEX_INVALID)
     for t in ts:
-        if src == str(t.tunnel.src) and \
-           dst == str(t.tunnel.dst) and \
-           t.tunnel.vni == vni:
+        if (
+            src == str(t.tunnel.src)
+            and dst == str(t.tunnel.dst)
+            and t.tunnel.vni == vni
+        ):
             return t.tunnel.sw_if_index
     return INDEX_INVALID
 
@@ -21,9 +22,19 @@ class VppVxlanGbpTunnel(VppInterface):
     VPP VXLAN GBP interface
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, test, src, dst, vni, mcast_itf=None, mode=None,
-                 is_ipv6=None, encap_table_id=None, instance=0xffffffff):
-        """ Create VXLAN-GBP Tunnel interface """
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        test,
+        src,
+        dst,
+        vni,
+        mcast_itf=None,
+        mode=None,
+        is_ipv6=None,
+        encap_table_id=None,
+        instance=0xFFFFFFFF,
+    ):
+        """Create VXLAN-GBP Tunnel interface"""
         super(VppVxlanGbpTunnel, self).__init__(test)
         self.src = src
         self.dst = dst
@@ -33,21 +44,23 @@ class VppVxlanGbpTunnel(VppInterface):
         self.encap_table_id = encap_table_id
         self.instance = instance
         if not mode:
-            self.mode = (VppEnum.vl_api_vxlan_gbp_api_tunnel_mode_t.
-                         VXLAN_GBP_API_TUNNEL_MODE_L2)
+            self.mode = (
+                VppEnum.vl_api_vxlan_gbp_api_tunnel_mode_t.VXLAN_GBP_API_TUNNEL_MODE_L2
+            )
         else:
             self.mode = mode
 
     def encode(self):
         return {
-            'src': self.src,
-            'dst': self.dst,
-            'mode': self.mode,
-            'vni': self.vni,
-            'mcast_sw_if_index': self.mcast_itf.sw_if_index
-            if self.mcast_itf else INDEX_INVALID,
-            'encap_table_id': self.encap_table_id,
-            'instance': self.instance,
+            "src": self.src,
+            "dst": self.dst,
+            "mode": self.mode,
+            "vni": self.vni,
+            "mcast_sw_if_index": self.mcast_itf.sw_if_index
+            if self.mcast_itf
+            else INDEX_INVALID,
+            "encap_table_id": self.encap_table_id,
+            "instance": self.instance,
         }
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
@@ -65,11 +78,14 @@ class VppVxlanGbpTunnel(VppInterface):
         )
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
-        return (INDEX_INVALID != find_vxlan_gbp_tunnel(self._test,
-                                                       self.src,
-                                                       self.dst,
-                                                       self.vni))
+        return INDEX_INVALID != find_vxlan_gbp_tunnel(
+            self._test, self.src, self.dst, self.vni
+        )
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return "vxlan-gbp-%d-%d-%s-%s" % (self.sw_if_index, self.vni,
-                                          self.src, self.dst)
+        return "vxlan-gbp-%d-%d-%s-%s" % (
+            self.sw_if_index,
+            self.vni,
+            self.src,
+            self.dst,
+        )
diff --git a/extras/deprecated/vom/test/test_vom.py b/extras/deprecated/vom/test/test_vom.py
index a77b935263d..51944296233 100644
--- a/extras/deprecated/vom/test/test_vom.py
+++ b/extras/deprecated/vom/test/test_vom.py
@@ -4,13 +4,12 @@
 import unittest
 import os
 import signal
-from framework import VppTestCase, running_extended_tests, \
-    VppTestRunner, Worker
+from framework import VppTestCase, running_extended_tests, VppTestRunner, Worker
 
 
 @unittest.skipUnless(running_extended_tests, "part of extended tests")
 class VOMTestCase(VppTestCase):
-    """ VPP Object Model Test """
+    """VPP Object Model Test"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -21,14 +20,14 @@ class VOMTestCase(VppTestCase):
         super(VOMTestCase, cls).tearDownClass()
 
     def test_vom_cpp(self):
-        """ run C++ VOM tests """
+        """run C++ VOM tests"""
         var = "TEST_BR"
         built_root = os.getenv(var, None)
-        self.assertIsNotNone(built_root,
-                             "Environment variable `%s' not set" % var)
+        self.assertIsNotNone(built_root, "Environment variable `%s' not set" % var)
         executable = "%s/vom_test/vom_test" % built_root
-        worker = Worker([executable, "vpp object model",
-                         self.get_api_segment_prefix()], self.logger)
+        worker = Worker(
+            [executable, "vpp object model", self.get_api_segment_prefix()], self.logger
+        )
         worker.start()
         timeout = 120
         worker.join(timeout)
@@ -37,17 +36,15 @@ class VOMTestCase(VppTestCase):
         if worker.result is None:
             try:
                 error = True
-                self.logger.error(
-                    "Timeout! Worker did not finish in %ss" % timeout)
+                self.logger.error("Timeout! Worker did not finish in %ss" % timeout)
                 os.killpg(os.getpgid(worker.process.pid), signal.SIGTERM)
                 worker.join()
             except:
                 raise Exception("Couldn't kill worker-spawned process")
         if error:
-            raise Exception(
-                "Timeout! Worker did not finish in %ss" % timeout)
+            raise Exception("Timeout! Worker did not finish in %ss" % timeout)
         self.assert_equal(worker.result, 0, "Binary test return code")
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/extras/scripts/crcchecker.py b/extras/scripts/crcchecker.py
index f3021c3c8b6..01cb02523d0 100755
--- a/extras/scripts/crcchecker.py
+++ b/extras/scripts/crcchecker.py
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 
-'''
+"""
 crcchecker is a tool to used to enforce that .api messages do not change.
 API files with a semantic version < 1.0.0 are ignored.
-'''
+"""
 
 import sys
 import os
@@ -14,67 +14,75 @@ from subprocess import run, PIPE, check_output, CalledProcessError
 
 # pylint: disable=subprocess-run-check
 
-ROOTDIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)) + '/../..'
-APIGENBIN = f'{ROOTDIR}/src/tools/vppapigen/vppapigen.py'
+ROOTDIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)) + "/../.."
+APIGENBIN = f"{ROOTDIR}/src/tools/vppapigen/vppapigen.py"
 
 
 def crc_from_apigen(revision, filename):
-    '''Runs vppapigen with crc plugin returning a JSON object with CRCs for
-    all APIs in filename'''
+    """Runs vppapigen with crc plugin returning a JSON object with CRCs for
+    all APIs in filename"""
     if not revision and not os.path.isfile(filename):
-        print(f'skipping: {filename}', file=sys.stderr)
+        print(f"skipping: {filename}", file=sys.stderr)
         # Return  instead of 
         return {-1}
 
     if revision:
-        apigen = (f'{APIGENBIN} --git-revision {revision} --includedir src '
-                  f'--input {filename} CRC')
+        apigen = (
+            f"{APIGENBIN} --git-revision {revision} --includedir src "
+            f"--input {filename} CRC"
+        )
     else:
-        apigen = (f'{APIGENBIN} --includedir src --input {filename} CRC')
+        apigen = f"{APIGENBIN} --includedir src --input {filename} CRC"
     returncode = run(apigen.split(), stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE)
     if returncode.returncode == 2:  # No such file
-        print(f'skipping: {revision}:{filename} {returncode}', file=sys.stderr)
+        print(f"skipping: {revision}:{filename} {returncode}", file=sys.stderr)
         return {}
     if returncode.returncode != 0:
-        print(f'vppapigen failed for {revision}:{filename} with '
-              'command\n {apigen}\n error: {rv}',
-              returncode.stderr.decode('ascii'), file=sys.stderr)
+        print(
+            f"vppapigen failed for {revision}:{filename} with "
+            "command\n {apigen}\n error: {rv}",
+            returncode.stderr.decode("ascii"),
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
         sys.exit(-2)
 
     return json.loads(returncode.stdout)
 
 
 def dict_compare(dict1, dict2):
-    '''Compare two dictionaries returning added, removed, modified
-    and equal entries'''
+    """Compare two dictionaries returning added, removed, modified
+    and equal entries"""
     d1_keys = set(dict1.keys())
     d2_keys = set(dict2.keys())
     intersect_keys = d1_keys.intersection(d2_keys)
     added = d1_keys - d2_keys
     removed = d2_keys - d1_keys
-    modified = {o: (dict1[o], dict2[o]) for o in intersect_keys
-                if dict1[o]['crc'] != dict2[o]['crc']}
+    modified = {
+        o: (dict1[o], dict2[o])
+        for o in intersect_keys
+        if dict1[o]["crc"] != dict2[o]["crc"]
+    }
     same = set(o for o in intersect_keys if dict1[o] == dict2[o])
     return added, removed, modified, same
 
 
 def filelist_from_git_ls():
-    '''Returns a list of all api files in the git repository'''
+    """Returns a list of all api files in the git repository"""
     filelist = []
-    git_ls = 'git ls-files *.api'
+    git_ls = "git ls-files *.api"
     returncode = run(git_ls.split(), stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE)
     if returncode.returncode != 0:
         sys.exit(returncode.returncode)
 
-    for line in returncode.stdout.decode('ascii').split('\n'):
+    for line in returncode.stdout.decode("ascii").split("\n"):
         if line:
             filelist.append(line)
     return filelist
 
 
 def is_uncommitted_changes():
-    '''Returns true if there are uncommitted changes in the repo'''
-    git_status = 'git status --porcelain -uno'
+    """Returns true if there are uncommitted changes in the repo"""
+    git_status = "git status --porcelain -uno"
     returncode = run(git_status.split(), stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE)
     if returncode.returncode != 0:
         sys.exit(returncode.returncode)
@@ -85,27 +93,29 @@ def is_uncommitted_changes():
 
 
 def filelist_from_git_grep(filename):
-    '''Returns a list of api files that this  api files imports.'''
+    """Returns a list of api files that this  api files imports."""
     filelist = []
     try:
-        returncode = check_output(f'git grep -e "import .*{filename}"'
-                                  ' -- *.api',
-                                  shell=True)
+        returncode = check_output(
+            f'git grep -e "import .*{filename}"' " -- *.api", shell=True
+        )
     except CalledProcessError:
         return []
-    for line in returncode.decode('ascii').split('\n'):
+    for line in returncode.decode("ascii").split("\n"):
         if line:
-            filename, _ = line.split(':')
+            filename, _ = line.split(":")
             filelist.append(filename)
     return filelist
 
 
 def filelist_from_patchset(pattern):
-    '''Returns list of api files in changeset and the list of api
-    files they import.'''
+    """Returns list of api files in changeset and the list of api
+    files they import."""
     filelist = []
-    git_cmd = ('((git diff HEAD~1.. --name-only;git ls-files -m) | '
-               'sort -u | grep "\\.api$")')
+    git_cmd = (
+        "((git diff HEAD~1.. --name-only;git ls-files -m) | "
+        'sort -u | grep "\\.api$")'
+    )
     try:
         res = check_output(git_cmd, shell=True)
     except CalledProcessError:
@@ -113,7 +123,7 @@ def filelist_from_patchset(pattern):
 
     # Check for dependencies (imports)
     imported_files = []
-    for line in res.decode('ascii').split('\n'):
+    for line in res.decode("ascii").split("\n"):
         if not line:
             continue
         if not re.search(pattern, line):
@@ -126,88 +136,91 @@ def filelist_from_patchset(pattern):
 
 
 def is_deprecated(message):
-    '''Given a message, return True if message is deprecated'''
-    if 'options' in message:
-        if 'deprecated' in message['options']:
+    """Given a message, return True if message is deprecated"""
+    if "options" in message:
+        if "deprecated" in message["options"]:
             return True
         # recognize the deprecated format
-        if 'status' in message['options'] and \
-           message['options']['status'] == 'deprecated':
+        if (
+            "status" in message["options"]
+            and message["options"]["status"] == "deprecated"
+        ):
             print("WARNING: please use 'option deprecated;'")
             return True
     return False
 
 
 def is_in_progress(message):
-    '''Given a message, return True if message is marked as in_progress'''
-    if 'options' in message:
-        if 'in_progress' in message['options']:
+    """Given a message, return True if message is marked as in_progress"""
+    if "options" in message:
+        if "in_progress" in message["options"]:
             return True
         # recognize the deprecated format
-        if 'status' in message['options'] and \
-           message['options']['status'] == 'in_progress':
+        if (
+            "status" in message["options"]
+            and message["options"]["status"] == "in_progress"
+        ):
             print("WARNING: please use 'option in_progress;'")
             return True
     return False
 
 
 def report(new, old):
-    '''Given a dictionary of new crcs and old crcs, print all the
+    """Given a dictionary of new crcs and old crcs, print all the
     added, removed, modified, in-progress, deprecated messages.
-    Return the number of backwards incompatible changes made.'''
+    Return the number of backwards incompatible changes made."""
 
     # pylint: disable=too-many-branches
 
-    new.pop('_version', None)
-    old.pop('_version', None)
+    new.pop("_version", None)
+    old.pop("_version", None)
     added, removed, modified, _ = dict_compare(new, old)
     backwards_incompatible = 0
 
     # print the full list of in-progress messages
     # they should eventually either disappear of become supported
     for k in new.keys():
-        newversion = int(new[k]['version'])
+        newversion = int(new[k]["version"])
         if newversion == 0 or is_in_progress(new[k]):
-            print(f'in-progress: {k}')
+            print(f"in-progress: {k}")
     for k in added:
-        print(f'added: {k}')
+        print(f"added: {k}")
     for k in removed:
-        oldversion = int(old[k]['version'])
-        if oldversion > 0 and not is_deprecated(old[k]) and not \
-           is_in_progress(old[k]):
+        oldversion = int(old[k]["version"])
+        if oldversion > 0 and not is_deprecated(old[k]) and not is_in_progress(old[k]):
             backwards_incompatible += 1
-            print(f'removed: ** {k}')
+            print(f"removed: ** {k}")
         else:
-            print(f'removed: {k}')
+            print(f"removed: {k}")
     for k in modified.keys():
-        oldversion = int(old[k]['version'])
-        newversion = int(new[k]['version'])
+        oldversion = int(old[k]["version"])
+        newversion = int(new[k]["version"])
         if oldversion > 0 and not is_in_progress(old[k]):
             backwards_incompatible += 1
-            print(f'modified: ** {k}')
+            print(f"modified: ** {k}")
         else:
-            print(f'modified: {k}')
+            print(f"modified: {k}")
 
     # check which messages are still there but were marked for deprecation
     for k in new.keys():
-        newversion = int(new[k]['version'])
+        newversion = int(new[k]["version"])
         if newversion > 0 and is_deprecated(new[k]):
             if k in old:
                 if not is_deprecated(old[k]):
-                    print(f'deprecated: {k}')
+                    print(f"deprecated: {k}")
             else:
-                print(f'added+deprecated: {k}')
+                print(f"added+deprecated: {k}")
 
     return backwards_incompatible
 
 
 def check_patchset():
-    '''Compare the changes to API messages in this changeset.
+    """Compare the changes to API messages in this changeset.
     Ignores API files with version < 1.0.0.
     Only considers API files located under the src directory in the repo.
-    '''
-    files = filelist_from_patchset('^src/')
-    revision = 'HEAD~1'
+    """
+    files = filelist_from_patchset("^src/")
+    revision = "HEAD~1"
 
     oldcrcs = {}
     newcrcs = {}
@@ -216,7 +229,7 @@ def check_patchset():
         _ = crc_from_apigen(None, filename)
         # Ignore removed files
         if isinstance(_, set) == 0:
-            if isinstance(_, set) == 0 and _['_version']['major'] == '0':
+            if isinstance(_, set) == 0 and _["_version"]["major"] == "0":
                 continue
             newcrcs.update(_)
 
@@ -225,27 +238,31 @@ def check_patchset():
     backwards_incompatible = report(newcrcs, oldcrcs)
     if backwards_incompatible:
         # alert on changing production API
-        print("crcchecker: Changing production APIs in an incompatible way",
-              file=sys.stderr)
+        print(
+            "crcchecker: Changing production APIs in an incompatible way",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
         sys.exit(-1)
     else:
-        print('*' * 67)
-        print('* VPP CHECKAPI SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETED')
-        print('*' * 67)
+        print("*" * 67)
+        print("* VPP CHECKAPI SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETED")
+        print("*" * 67)
 
 
 def main():
-    '''Main entry point.'''
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='VPP CRC checker.')
-    parser.add_argument('--git-revision',
-                        help='Git revision to compare against')
-    parser.add_argument('--dump-manifest', action='store_true',
-                        help='Dump CRC for all messages')
-    parser.add_argument('--check-patchset', action='store_true',
-                        help='Check patchset for backwards incompatbile changes')
-    parser.add_argument('files', nargs='*')
-    parser.add_argument('--diff', help='Files to compare (on filesystem)',
-                        nargs=2)
+    """Main entry point."""
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="VPP CRC checker.")
+    parser.add_argument("--git-revision", help="Git revision to compare against")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--dump-manifest", action="store_true", help="Dump CRC for all messages"
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--check-patchset",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Check patchset for backwards incompatbile changes",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("files", nargs="*")
+    parser.add_argument("--diff", help="Files to compare (on filesystem)", nargs=2)
 
     args = parser.parse_args()
 
@@ -267,17 +284,16 @@ def main():
         for filename in files:
             crcs.update(crc_from_apigen(args.git_revision, filename))
         for k, value in crcs.items():
-            print(f'{k}: {value}')
+            print(f"{k}: {value}")
         sys.exit(0)
 
     # Find changes between current patchset and given revision (previous)
     if args.check_patchset:
         if args.git_revision:
-            print('Argument git-revision ignored', file=sys.stderr)
+            print("Argument git-revision ignored", file=sys.stderr)
         # Check there are no uncomitted changes
         if is_uncommitted_changes():
-            print('Please stash or commit changes in workspace',
-                  file=sys.stderr)
+            print("Please stash or commit changes in workspace", file=sys.stderr)
             sys.exit(-1)
         check_patchset()
         sys.exit(0)
@@ -286,7 +302,7 @@ def main():
     # Find changes between a given file and a revision
     files = args.files if args.files else filelist_from_git_ls()
 
-    revision = args.git_revision if args.git_revision else 'HEAD~1'
+    revision = args.git_revision if args.git_revision else "HEAD~1"
 
     oldcrcs = {}
     newcrcs = {}
@@ -299,13 +315,16 @@ def main():
     if args.check_patchset:
         if backwards_incompatible:
             # alert on changing production API
-            print("crcchecker: Changing production APIs in an incompatible way", file=sys.stderr)
+            print(
+                "crcchecker: Changing production APIs in an incompatible way",
+                file=sys.stderr,
+            )
             sys.exit(-1)
         else:
-            print('*' * 67)
-            print('* VPP CHECKAPI SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETED')
-            print('*' * 67)
+            print("*" * 67)
+            print("* VPP CHECKAPI SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETED")
+            print("*" * 67)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     main()
diff --git a/extras/scripts/list_api_changes.py b/extras/scripts/list_api_changes.py
index ac8cf477810..7433f542aaa 100755
--- a/extras/scripts/list_api_changes.py
+++ b/extras/scripts/list_api_changes.py
@@ -4,21 +4,21 @@ import fnmatch
 import os
 import subprocess
 
-starttag = 'v19.08-rc0'
-endtag = 'HEAD'
+starttag = "v19.08-rc0"
+endtag = "HEAD"
 emit_md = True
 apifiles = []
 
-for root, dirnames, filenames in os.walk('.'):
-    for filename in fnmatch.filter(filenames, '*.api'):
+for root, dirnames, filenames in os.walk("."):
+    for filename in fnmatch.filter(filenames, "*.api"):
         apifiles.append(os.path.join(root, filename))
 
 for f in apifiles:
-    commits = subprocess.check_output(['git', 'log',
-                                       '--oneline', starttag + '..' + endtag,
-                                       f])
+    commits = subprocess.check_output(
+        ["git", "log", "--oneline", starttag + ".." + endtag, f]
+    )
     if commits:
-        if f[0:2] == './':
+        if f[0:2] == "./":
             f = f[2:]
         if emit_md:
             print("| @c %s ||" % f)
@@ -27,9 +27,10 @@ for f in apifiles:
                 parts = line.strip().split()
                 commit = parts[0]
                 message = b" ".join(parts[1:]).decode().replace("|", r"\|")
-                print("| [%s](https://gerrit.fd.io/r/gitweb?"
-                      "p=vpp.git;a=commit;h=%s) | %s |" % (
-                            commit, commit, message))
+                print(
+                    "| [%s](https://gerrit.fd.io/r/gitweb?"
+                    "p=vpp.git;a=commit;h=%s) | %s |" % (commit, commit, message)
+                )
             print()
         else:
             print(f)
diff --git a/extras/vpp_config/scripts/dpdk-devbind.py b/extras/vpp_config/scripts/dpdk-devbind.py
index 80edb3b9eea..140e4346894 100755
--- a/extras/vpp_config/scripts/dpdk-devbind.py
+++ b/extras/vpp_config/scripts/dpdk-devbind.py
@@ -56,9 +56,10 @@ args = []
 
 
 def usage():
-    '''Print usage information for the program'''
+    """Print usage information for the program"""
     argv0 = basename(sys.argv[0])
-    print("""
+    print(
+        """
 Usage:
 ------
 
@@ -115,33 +116,40 @@ To unbind 0000:01:00.0 from using any driver
 To bind 0000:02:00.0 and 0000:02:00.1 to the ixgbe kernel driver
         %(argv0)s -b ixgbe 02:00.0 02:00.1
 
-    """ % locals())  # replace items from local variables
+    """
+        % locals()
+    )  # replace items from local variables
 
 
 # This is roughly compatible with check_output function in subprocess module
 # which is only available in python 2.7.
 def check_output(args, stderr=None):
-    '''Run a command and capture its output'''
-    return subprocess.Popen(args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
-                            stderr=stderr).communicate()[0]
+    """Run a command and capture its output"""
+    return subprocess.Popen(args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=stderr).communicate()[
+        0
+    ]
 
 
 def find_module(mod):
-    '''find the .ko file for kernel module named mod.
+    """find the .ko file for kernel module named mod.
     Searches the $RTE_SDK/$RTE_TARGET directory, the kernel
     modules directory and finally under the parent directory of
-    the script '''
+    the script"""
     # check $RTE_SDK/$RTE_TARGET directory
-    if 'RTE_SDK' in os.environ and 'RTE_TARGET' in os.environ:
-        path = "%s/%s/kmod/%s.ko" % (os.environ['RTE_SDK'],
-                                     os.environ['RTE_TARGET'], mod)
+    if "RTE_SDK" in os.environ and "RTE_TARGET" in os.environ:
+        path = "%s/%s/kmod/%s.ko" % (
+            os.environ["RTE_SDK"],
+            os.environ["RTE_TARGET"],
+            mod,
+        )
         if exists(path):
             return path
 
     # check using depmod
     try:
-        depmod_out = check_output(["modinfo", "-n", mod],
-                                  stderr=subprocess.STDOUT).lower()
+        depmod_out = check_output(
+            ["modinfo", "-n", mod], stderr=subprocess.STDOUT
+        ).lower()
         if "error" not in depmod_out:
             path = depmod_out.strip()
             if exists(path):
@@ -151,7 +159,7 @@ def find_module(mod):
 
     # check for a copy based off current path
     tools_dir = dirname(abspath(sys.argv[0]))
-    if (tools_dir.endswith("tools")):
+    if tools_dir.endswith("tools"):
         base_dir = dirname(tools_dir)
         find_out = check_output(["find", base_dir, "-name", mod + ".ko"])
         if len(find_out) > 0:  # something matched
@@ -161,7 +169,7 @@ def find_module(mod):
 
 
 def check_modules():
-    '''Checks that igb_uio is loaded'''
+    """Checks that igb_uio is loaded"""
     global dpdk_drivers
 
     # list of supported modules
@@ -170,20 +178,21 @@ def check_modules():
     # first check if module is loaded
     try:
         # Get list of sysfs modules (both built-in and dynamically loaded)
-        sysfs_path = '/sys/module/'
+        sysfs_path = "/sys/module/"
 
         # Get the list of directories in sysfs_path
-        sysfs_mods = [os.path.join(sysfs_path, o) for o
-                      in os.listdir(sysfs_path)
-                      if os.path.isdir(os.path.join(sysfs_path, o))]
+        sysfs_mods = [
+            os.path.join(sysfs_path, o)
+            for o in os.listdir(sysfs_path)
+            if os.path.isdir(os.path.join(sysfs_path, o))
+        ]
 
         # Extract the last element of '/sys/module/abc' in the array
-        sysfs_mods = [a.split('/')[-1] for a in sysfs_mods]
+        sysfs_mods = [a.split("/")[-1] for a in sysfs_mods]
 
         # special case for vfio_pci (module is named vfio-pci,
         # but its .ko is named vfio_pci)
-        sysfs_mods = map(lambda a:
-                         a if a != 'vfio_pci' else 'vfio-pci', sysfs_mods)
+        sysfs_mods = map(lambda a: a if a != "vfio_pci" else "vfio-pci", sysfs_mods)
 
         for mod in mods:
             if mod["Name"] in sysfs_mods:
@@ -204,12 +213,12 @@ def check_modules():
 
 
 def has_driver(dev_id):
-    '''return true if a device is assigned to a driver. False otherwise'''
+    """return true if a device is assigned to a driver. False otherwise"""
     return "Driver_str" in devices[dev_id]
 
 
 def get_pci_device_details(dev_id):
-    '''This function gets additional details for a PCI device'''
+    """This function gets additional details for a PCI device"""
     device = {}
 
     extra_info = check_output(["lspci", "-vmmks", dev_id]).splitlines()
@@ -225,8 +234,7 @@ def get_pci_device_details(dev_id):
     device["Interface"] = ""
     for base, dirs, _ in os.walk("/sys/bus/pci/devices/%s/" % dev_id):
         if "net" in dirs:
-            device["Interface"] = \
-                ",".join(os.listdir(os.path.join(base, "net")))
+            device["Interface"] = ",".join(os.listdir(os.path.join(base, "net")))
             break
     # check if a port is used for ssh connection
     device["Ssh_if"] = False
@@ -236,9 +244,9 @@ def get_pci_device_details(dev_id):
 
 
 def get_nic_details():
-    '''This function populates the "devices" dictionary. The keys used are
+    """This function populates the "devices" dictionary. The keys used are
     the pci addresses (domain:bus:slot.func). The values are themselves
-    dictionaries - one for each NIC.'''
+    dictionaries - one for each NIC."""
     global devices
     global dpdk_drivers
 
@@ -249,7 +257,7 @@ def get_nic_details():
     dev = {}
     dev_lines = check_output(["lspci", "-Dvmmn"]).splitlines()
     for dev_line in dev_lines:
-        if (len(dev_line) == 0):
+        if len(dev_line) == 0:
             if dev["Class"][0:2] == NETWORK_BASE_CLASS:
                 # convert device and vendor ids to numbers, then add to global
                 dev["Vendor"] = int(dev["Vendor"], 16)
@@ -265,12 +273,13 @@ def get_nic_details():
     ssh_if = []
     route = check_output(["ip", "-o", "route"])
     # filter out all lines for 169.254 routes
-    route = "\n".join(filter(lambda ln: not ln.startswith("169.254"),
-                             route.decode().splitlines()))
+    route = "\n".join(
+        filter(lambda ln: not ln.startswith("169.254"), route.decode().splitlines())
+    )
     rt_info = route.split()
     for i in range(len(rt_info) - 1):
         if rt_info[i] == "dev":
-            ssh_if.append(rt_info[i+1])
+            ssh_if.append(rt_info[i + 1])
 
     # based on the basic info, get extended text details
     for d in devices.keys():
@@ -288,8 +297,7 @@ def get_nic_details():
         if "Module_str" in devices[d]:
             for driver in dpdk_drivers:
                 if driver not in devices[d]["Module_str"]:
-                    devices[d]["Module_str"] = \
-                        devices[d]["Module_str"] + ",%s" % driver
+                    devices[d]["Module_str"] = devices[d]["Module_str"] + ",%s" % driver
         else:
             devices[d]["Module_str"] = ",".join(dpdk_drivers)
 
@@ -302,9 +310,9 @@ def get_nic_details():
 
 
 def get_crypto_details():
-    '''This function populates the "devices" dictionary. The keys used are
+    """This function populates the "devices" dictionary. The keys used are
     the pci addresses (domain:bus:slot.func). The values are themselves
-    dictionaries - one for each NIC.'''
+    dictionaries - one for each NIC."""
     global devices
     global dpdk_drivers
 
@@ -315,8 +323,8 @@ def get_crypto_details():
     dev = {}
     dev_lines = check_output(["lspci", "-Dvmmn"]).splitlines()
     for dev_line in dev_lines:
-        if (len(dev_line) == 0):
-            if (dev["Class"][0:2] == CRYPTO_BASE_CLASS):
+        if len(dev_line) == 0:
+            if dev["Class"][0:2] == CRYPTO_BASE_CLASS:
                 # convert device and vendor ids to numbers, then add to global
                 dev["Vendor"] = int(dev["Vendor"], 16)
                 dev["Device"] = int(dev["Device"], 16)
@@ -336,8 +344,7 @@ def get_crypto_details():
         if "Module_str" in devices[d]:
             for driver in dpdk_drivers:
                 if driver not in devices[d]["Module_str"]:
-                    devices[d]["Module_str"] = \
-                        devices[d]["Module_str"] + ",%s" % driver
+                    devices[d]["Module_str"] = devices[d]["Module_str"] + ",%s" % driver
         else:
             devices[d]["Module_str"] = ",".join(dpdk_drivers)
 
@@ -350,9 +357,9 @@ def get_crypto_details():
 
 
 def dev_id_from_dev_name(dev_name):
-    '''Take a device "name" - a string passed in by user to identify a NIC
+    """Take a device "name" - a string passed in by user to identify a NIC
     device, and determine the device id - i.e. the domain:bus:slot.func - for
-    it, which can then be used to index into the devices array'''
+    it, which can then be used to index into the devices array"""
 
     # check if it's already a suitable index
     if dev_name in devices:
@@ -366,23 +373,29 @@ def dev_id_from_dev_name(dev_name):
             if dev_name in devices[d]["Interface"].split(","):
                 return devices[d]["Slot"]
     # if nothing else matches - error
-    print("Unknown device: %s. "
-          "Please specify device in \"bus:slot.func\" format" % dev_name)
+    print(
+        "Unknown device: %s. "
+        'Please specify device in "bus:slot.func" format' % dev_name
+    )
     sys.exit(1)
 
 
 def unbind_one(dev_id, force):
-    '''Unbind the device identified by "dev_id" from its current driver'''
+    """Unbind the device identified by "dev_id" from its current driver"""
     dev = devices[dev_id]
     if not has_driver(dev_id):
-        print("%s %s %s is not currently managed by any driver\n" %
-              (dev["Slot"], dev["Device_str"], dev["Interface"]))
+        print(
+            "%s %s %s is not currently managed by any driver\n"
+            % (dev["Slot"], dev["Device_str"], dev["Interface"])
+        )
         return
 
     # prevent us disconnecting ourselves
     if dev["Ssh_if"] and not force:
-        print("Routing table indicates that interface %s is active. "
-              "Skipping unbind" % (dev_id))
+        print(
+            "Routing table indicates that interface %s is active. "
+            "Skipping unbind" % (dev_id)
+        )
         return
 
     # write to /sys to unbind
@@ -390,30 +403,30 @@ def unbind_one(dev_id, force):
     try:
         f = open(filename, "a")
     except:
-        print("Error: unbind failed for %s - Cannot open %s"
-              % (dev_id, filename))
+        print("Error: unbind failed for %s - Cannot open %s" % (dev_id, filename))
         sys.exit(1)
     f.write(dev_id)
     f.close()
 
 
 def bind_one(dev_id, driver, force):
-    '''Bind the device given by "dev_id" to the driver "driver". If the device
-    is already bound to a different driver, it will be unbound first'''
+    """Bind the device given by "dev_id" to the driver "driver". If the device
+    is already bound to a different driver, it will be unbound first"""
     dev = devices[dev_id]
     saved_driver = None  # used to rollback any unbind in case of failure
 
     # prevent disconnection of our ssh session
     if dev["Ssh_if"] and not force:
-        print("Routing table indicates that interface %s is active. "
-              "Not modifying" % (dev_id))
+        print(
+            "Routing table indicates that interface %s is active. "
+            "Not modifying" % (dev_id)
+        )
         return
 
     # unbind any existing drivers we don't want
     if has_driver(dev_id):
         if dev["Driver_str"] == driver:
-            print("%s already bound to driver %s, skipping\n"
-                  % (dev_id, driver))
+            print("%s already bound to driver %s, skipping\n" % (dev_id, driver))
             return
         else:
             saved_driver = dev["Driver_str"]
@@ -426,15 +439,16 @@ def bind_one(dev_id, driver, force):
         try:
             f = open(filename, "w")
         except:
-            print("Error: bind failed for %s - Cannot open %s"
-                  % (dev_id, filename))
+            print("Error: bind failed for %s - Cannot open %s" % (dev_id, filename))
             return
         try:
             f.write("%04x %04x" % (dev["Vendor"], dev["Device"]))
             f.close()
         except:
-            print("Error: bind failed for %s - Cannot write new PCI ID to "
-                  "driver %s" % (dev_id, driver))
+            print(
+                "Error: bind failed for %s - Cannot write new PCI ID to "
+                "driver %s" % (dev_id, driver)
+            )
             return
 
     # do the bind by writing to /sys
@@ -442,8 +456,7 @@ def bind_one(dev_id, driver, force):
     try:
         f = open(filename, "a")
     except:
-        print("Error: bind failed for %s - Cannot open %s"
-              % (dev_id, filename))
+        print("Error: bind failed for %s - Cannot open %s" % (dev_id, filename))
         if saved_driver is not None:  # restore any previous driver
             bind_one(dev_id, saved_driver, force)
         return
@@ -457,8 +470,7 @@ def bind_one(dev_id, driver, force):
         tmp = get_pci_device_details(dev_id)
         if "Driver_str" in tmp and tmp["Driver_str"] == driver:
             return
-        print("Error: bind failed for %s - Cannot bind to driver %s"
-              % (dev_id, driver))
+        print("Error: bind failed for %s - Cannot bind to driver %s" % (dev_id, driver))
         if saved_driver is not None:  # restore any previous driver
             bind_one(dev_id, saved_driver, force)
         return
@@ -491,8 +503,7 @@ def bind_all(dev_list, driver, force=False):
             continue
 
         # update information about this device
-        devices[d] = dict(devices[d].items() +
-                          get_pci_device_details(d).items())
+        devices[d] = dict(devices[d].items() + get_pci_device_details(d).items())
 
         # check if updated information indicates that the device was bound
         if "Driver_str" in devices[d]:
@@ -500,20 +511,21 @@ def bind_all(dev_list, driver, force=False):
 
 
 def display_devices(title, dev_list, extra_params=None):
-    '''Displays to the user the details of a list of devices given in
+    """Displays to the user the details of a list of devices given in
     "dev_list". The "extra_params" parameter, if given, should contain a string
      with %()s fields in it for replacement by the named fields in each
-     device's dictionary.'''
+     device's dictionary."""
     strings = []  # this holds the strings to print. We sort before printing
     print("\n%s" % title)
-    print("="*len(title))
+    print("=" * len(title))
     if len(dev_list) == 0:
         strings.append("")
     else:
         for dev in dev_list:
             if extra_params is not None:
-                strings.append("%s '%s' %s" % (dev["Slot"],
-                               dev["Device_str"], extra_params % dev))
+                strings.append(
+                    "%s '%s' %s" % (dev["Slot"], dev["Device_str"], extra_params % dev)
+                )
             else:
                 strings.append("%s '%s'" % (dev["Slot"], dev["Device_str"]))
     # sort before printing, so that the entries appear in PCI order
@@ -522,9 +534,9 @@ def display_devices(title, dev_list, extra_params=None):
 
 
 def show_status():
-    '''Function called when the script is passed the "--status" option.
+    """Function called when the script is passed the "--status" option.
     Displays to the user what devices are bound to the igb_uio driver, the
-    kernel driver or to no driver'''
+    kernel driver or to no driver"""
     global dpdk_drivers
     kernel_drv = []
     dpdk_drv = []
@@ -532,7 +544,7 @@ def show_status():
 
     # split our list of network devices into the three categories above
     for d in devices.keys():
-        if (NETWORK_BASE_CLASS in devices[d]["Class"]):
+        if NETWORK_BASE_CLASS in devices[d]["Class"]:
             if not has_driver(d):
                 no_drv.append(devices[d])
                 continue
@@ -542,11 +554,16 @@ def show_status():
                 kernel_drv.append(devices[d])
 
     # print each category separately, so we can clearly see what's used by DPDK
-    display_devices("Network devices using DPDK-compatible driver", dpdk_drv,
-                    "drv=%(Driver_str)s unused=%(Module_str)s")
-    display_devices("Network devices using kernel driver", kernel_drv,
-                    "if=%(Interface)s drv=%(Driver_str)s "
-                    "unused=%(Module_str)s %(Active)s")
+    display_devices(
+        "Network devices using DPDK-compatible driver",
+        dpdk_drv,
+        "drv=%(Driver_str)s unused=%(Module_str)s",
+    )
+    display_devices(
+        "Network devices using kernel driver",
+        kernel_drv,
+        "if=%(Interface)s drv=%(Driver_str)s " "unused=%(Module_str)s %(Active)s",
+    )
     display_devices("Other network devices", no_drv, "unused=%(Module_str)s")
 
     # split our list of crypto devices into the three categories above
@@ -555,7 +572,7 @@ def show_status():
     no_drv = []
 
     for d in devices.keys():
-        if (CRYPTO_BASE_CLASS in devices[d]["Class"]):
+        if CRYPTO_BASE_CLASS in devices[d]["Class"]:
             if not has_driver(d):
                 no_drv.append(devices[d])
                 continue
@@ -564,17 +581,22 @@ def show_status():
             else:
                 kernel_drv.append(devices[d])
 
-    display_devices("Crypto devices using DPDK-compatible driver", dpdk_drv,
-                    "drv=%(Driver_str)s unused=%(Module_str)s")
-    display_devices("Crypto devices using kernel driver", kernel_drv,
-                    "drv=%(Driver_str)s "
-                    "unused=%(Module_str)s")
+    display_devices(
+        "Crypto devices using DPDK-compatible driver",
+        dpdk_drv,
+        "drv=%(Driver_str)s unused=%(Module_str)s",
+    )
+    display_devices(
+        "Crypto devices using kernel driver",
+        kernel_drv,
+        "drv=%(Driver_str)s " "unused=%(Module_str)s",
+    )
     display_devices("Other crypto devices", no_drv, "unused=%(Module_str)s")
 
 
 def parse_args():
-    '''Parses the command-line arguments given by the user and takes the
-    appropriate action for each'''
+    """Parses the command-line arguments given by the user and takes the
+    appropriate action for each"""
     global b_flag
     global status_flag
     global force_flag
@@ -584,9 +606,11 @@ def parse_args():
         sys.exit(0)
 
     try:
-        opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], "b:us",
-                                   ["help", "usage", "status", "force",
-                                    "bind=", "unbind"])
+        opts, args = getopt.getopt(
+            sys.argv[1:],
+            "b:us",
+            ["help", "usage", "status", "force", "bind=", "unbind"],
+        )
     except getopt.GetoptError as error:
         print(str(error))
         print("Run '%s --usage' for further information" % sys.argv[0])
@@ -611,15 +635,14 @@ def parse_args():
 
 
 def do_arg_actions():
-    '''do the actual action requested by the user'''
+    """do the actual action requested by the user"""
     global b_flag
     global status_flag
     global force_flag
     global args
 
     if b_flag is None and not status_flag:
-        print("Error: No action specified for devices."
-              "Please give a -b or -u option")
+        print("Error: No action specified for devices." "Please give a -b or -u option")
         print("Run '%s --usage' for further information" % sys.argv[0])
         sys.exit(1)
 
@@ -640,7 +663,7 @@ def do_arg_actions():
 
 
 def main():
-    '''program main function'''
+    """program main function"""
     parse_args()
     check_modules()
     get_nic_details()
diff --git a/extras/vpp_config/setup.py b/extras/vpp_config/setup.py
index 64f75d7cc89..010920bd7d5 100644
--- a/extras/vpp_config/setup.py
+++ b/extras/vpp_config/setup.py
@@ -1,33 +1,31 @@
 from setuptools import setup
 
-setup(name="vpp_config",
-      version="20.05.1",
-      author="John DeNisco",
-      author_email="jdenisco@cisco.com",
-      description="VPP Configuration Utility",
-      license='Apache-2.0',
-      keywords="vppconfig",
-      url='https://wiki.fd.io/view/VPP',
-      py_modules=['vpp_config'],
-      install_requires=['distro', 'pyyaml', 'requests'],
-      extra_requires=["ipaddress; python_version < '3.3'"],
-      packages=['vpplib'],
-      entry_points={
-          'console_scripts': ['vpp-config=vpp_config:config_main'],
-      },
-      data_files=[('vpp/vpp-config/scripts', ['scripts/dpdk-devbind.py']),
-                  ('vpp/vpp-config/configs', ['data/auto-config.yaml']),
-                  ('vpp/vpp-config/configs', ['data/cloud-config.iso']),
-                  ('vpp/vpp-config/configs',
-                   ['data/iperf-centos.xml.template']),
-                  ('vpp/vpp-config/configs',
-                   ['data/iperf-ubuntu.xml.template']),
-                  ('vpp/vpp-config/dryrun/sysctl.d',
-                   ['data/80-vpp.conf.template']),
-                  ('vpp/vpp-config/dryrun/default', ['data/grub.template']),
-                  ('vpp/vpp-config/dryrun/vpp',
-                   ['data/startup.conf.template']),
-                  ],
-      long_description="The VPP configuration utility can be used to "
-                       "easily configure VPP.",
-      )
+setup(
+    name="vpp_config",
+    version="20.05.1",
+    author="John DeNisco",
+    author_email="jdenisco@cisco.com",
+    description="VPP Configuration Utility",
+    license="Apache-2.0",
+    keywords="vppconfig",
+    url="https://wiki.fd.io/view/VPP",
+    py_modules=["vpp_config"],
+    install_requires=["distro", "pyyaml", "requests"],
+    extra_requires=["ipaddress; python_version < '3.3'"],
+    packages=["vpplib"],
+    entry_points={
+        "console_scripts": ["vpp-config=vpp_config:config_main"],
+    },
+    data_files=[
+        ("vpp/vpp-config/scripts", ["scripts/dpdk-devbind.py"]),
+        ("vpp/vpp-config/configs", ["data/auto-config.yaml"]),
+        ("vpp/vpp-config/configs", ["data/cloud-config.iso"]),
+        ("vpp/vpp-config/configs", ["data/iperf-centos.xml.template"]),
+        ("vpp/vpp-config/configs", ["data/iperf-ubuntu.xml.template"]),
+        ("vpp/vpp-config/dryrun/sysctl.d", ["data/80-vpp.conf.template"]),
+        ("vpp/vpp-config/dryrun/default", ["data/grub.template"]),
+        ("vpp/vpp-config/dryrun/vpp", ["data/startup.conf.template"]),
+    ],
+    long_description="The VPP configuration utility can be used to "
+    "easily configure VPP.",
+)
diff --git a/extras/vpp_config/vpp_config.py b/extras/vpp_config/vpp_config.py
index e863cde854e..74051300677 100755
--- a/extras/vpp_config/vpp_config.py
+++ b/extras/vpp_config/vpp_config.py
@@ -32,16 +32,16 @@ try:
 except NameError:
     pass
 
-VPP_DRYRUNDIR = '/vpp/vpp-config/dryrun'
-VPP_AUTO_CONFIGURATION_FILE = '/vpp/vpp-config/configs/auto-config.yaml'
-VPP_HUGE_PAGE_FILE = '/vpp/vpp-config/dryrun/sysctl.d/80-vpp.conf'
-VPP_STARTUP_FILE = '/vpp/vpp-config/dryrun/vpp/startup.conf'
-VPP_GRUB_FILE = '/vpp/vpp-config/dryrun/default/grub'
-VPP_REAL_HUGE_PAGE_FILE = '/etc/sysctl.d/80-vpp.conf'
-VPP_REAL_STARTUP_FILE = '/etc/vpp/startup.conf'
-VPP_REAL_GRUB_FILE = '/etc/default/grub'
+VPP_DRYRUNDIR = "/vpp/vpp-config/dryrun"
+VPP_AUTO_CONFIGURATION_FILE = "/vpp/vpp-config/configs/auto-config.yaml"
+VPP_HUGE_PAGE_FILE = "/vpp/vpp-config/dryrun/sysctl.d/80-vpp.conf"
+VPP_STARTUP_FILE = "/vpp/vpp-config/dryrun/vpp/startup.conf"
+VPP_GRUB_FILE = "/vpp/vpp-config/dryrun/default/grub"
+VPP_REAL_HUGE_PAGE_FILE = "/etc/sysctl.d/80-vpp.conf"
+VPP_REAL_STARTUP_FILE = "/etc/vpp/startup.conf"
+VPP_REAL_GRUB_FILE = "/etc/default/grub"
 
-rootdir = ''
+rootdir = ""
 
 
 def autoconfig_yn(question, default):
@@ -57,16 +57,16 @@ def autoconfig_yn(question, default):
     """
     input_valid = False
     default = default.lower()
-    answer = ''
+    answer = ""
     while not input_valid:
         answer = input(question)
         if len(answer) == 0:
             answer = default
-        if re.findall(r'[YyNn]', answer):
+        if re.findall(r"[YyNn]", answer):
             input_valid = True
             answer = answer[0].lower()
         else:
-            print ("Please answer Y, N or Return.")
+            print("Please answer Y, N or Return.")
 
     return answer
 
@@ -86,24 +86,21 @@ def autoconfig_cp(node, src, dst):
 
     # If the destination file exist, create a copy if one does not already
     # exist
-    ofile = dst + '.orig'
-    (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command('ls {}'.format(dst))
+    ofile = dst + ".orig"
+    (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command("ls {}".format(dst))
     if ret == 0:
-        cmd = 'cp {} {}'.format(dst, ofile)
+        cmd = "cp {} {}".format(dst, ofile)
         (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command(cmd)
         if ret != 0:
-            raise RuntimeError('{} failed on node {} {} {}'.
-                               format(cmd,
-                                      node['host'],
-                                      stdout,
-                                      stderr))
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "{} failed on node {} {} {}".format(cmd, node["host"], stdout, stderr)
+            )
 
     # Copy the source file
-    cmd = 'cp {} {}'.format(src, os.path.dirname(dst))
+    cmd = "cp {} {}".format(src, os.path.dirname(dst))
     (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command(cmd)
     if ret != 0:
-        raise RuntimeError('{} failed on node {} {}'.
-                           format(cmd, node['host'], stderr))
+        raise RuntimeError("{} failed on node {} {}".format(cmd, node["host"], stderr))
 
 
 def autoconfig_diff(node, src, dst):
@@ -124,12 +121,10 @@ def autoconfig_diff(node, src, dst):
     # Diff the files and return the output
     cmd = "diff {} {}".format(src, dst)
     (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command(cmd)
-    if stderr != '':
-        raise RuntimeError('{} failed on node {} {} {}'.
-                           format(cmd,
-                                  node['host'],
-                                  ret,
-                                  stderr))
+    if stderr != "":
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "{} failed on node {} {} {}".format(cmd, node["host"], ret, stderr)
+        )
 
     return stdout
 
@@ -160,13 +155,15 @@ def autoconfig_hugepage_apply(node, ask_questions=True):
     """
 
     diffs = autoconfig_diff(node, VPP_REAL_HUGE_PAGE_FILE, rootdir + VPP_HUGE_PAGE_FILE)
-    if diffs != '':
-        print ("These are the changes we will apply to")
-        print ("the huge page file ({}).\n".format(VPP_REAL_HUGE_PAGE_FILE))
-        print (diffs)
+    if diffs != "":
+        print("These are the changes we will apply to")
+        print("the huge page file ({}).\n".format(VPP_REAL_HUGE_PAGE_FILE))
+        print(diffs)
         if ask_questions:
-            answer = autoconfig_yn("\nAre you sure you want to apply these changes [Y/n]? ", 'y')
-            if answer == 'n':
+            answer = autoconfig_yn(
+                "\nAre you sure you want to apply these changes [Y/n]? ", "y"
+            )
+            if answer == "n":
                 return -1
 
         # Copy and sysctl
@@ -174,10 +171,11 @@ def autoconfig_hugepage_apply(node, ask_questions=True):
         cmd = "sysctl -p {}".format(VPP_REAL_HUGE_PAGE_FILE)
         (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command(cmd)
         if ret != 0:
-            raise RuntimeError('{} failed on node {} {} {}'.
-                               format(cmd, node['host'], stdout, stderr))
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "{} failed on node {} {} {}".format(cmd, node["host"], stdout, stderr)
+            )
     else:
-        print ('\nThere are no changes to the huge page configuration.')
+        print("\nThere are no changes to the huge page configuration.")
 
     return 0
 
@@ -196,19 +194,21 @@ def autoconfig_vpp_apply(node, ask_questions=True):
     """
 
     diffs = autoconfig_diff(node, VPP_REAL_STARTUP_FILE, rootdir + VPP_STARTUP_FILE)
-    if diffs != '':
-        print ("These are the changes we will apply to")
-        print ("the VPP startup file ({}).\n".format(VPP_REAL_STARTUP_FILE))
-        print (diffs)
+    if diffs != "":
+        print("These are the changes we will apply to")
+        print("the VPP startup file ({}).\n".format(VPP_REAL_STARTUP_FILE))
+        print(diffs)
         if ask_questions:
-            answer = autoconfig_yn("\nAre you sure you want to apply these changes [Y/n]? ", 'y')
-            if answer == 'n':
+            answer = autoconfig_yn(
+                "\nAre you sure you want to apply these changes [Y/n]? ", "y"
+            )
+            if answer == "n":
                 return -1
 
         # Copy the VPP startup
         autoconfig_cp(node, rootdir + VPP_STARTUP_FILE, VPP_REAL_STARTUP_FILE)
     else:
-        print ('\nThere are no changes to VPP startup.')
+        print("\nThere are no changes to VPP startup.")
 
     return 0
 
@@ -226,49 +226,52 @@ def autoconfig_grub_apply(node, ask_questions=True):
 
     """
 
-    print ("\nThe configured grub cmdline looks like this:")
-    configured_cmdline = node['grub']['default_cmdline']
-    current_cmdline = node['grub']['current_cmdline']
-    print (configured_cmdline)
-    print ("\nThe current boot cmdline looks like this:")
-    print (current_cmdline)
+    print("\nThe configured grub cmdline looks like this:")
+    configured_cmdline = node["grub"]["default_cmdline"]
+    current_cmdline = node["grub"]["current_cmdline"]
+    print(configured_cmdline)
+    print("\nThe current boot cmdline looks like this:")
+    print(current_cmdline)
     if ask_questions:
         question = "\nDo you want to keep the current boot cmdline [Y/n]? "
-        answer = autoconfig_yn(question, 'y')
-        if answer == 'y':
+        answer = autoconfig_yn(question, "y")
+        if answer == "y":
             return
 
-    node['grub']['keep_cmdline'] = False
+    node["grub"]["keep_cmdline"] = False
 
     # Diff the file
     diffs = autoconfig_diff(node, VPP_REAL_GRUB_FILE, rootdir + VPP_GRUB_FILE)
-    if diffs != '':
-        print ("These are the changes we will apply to")
-        print ("the GRUB file ({}).\n".format(VPP_REAL_GRUB_FILE))
-        print (diffs)
+    if diffs != "":
+        print("These are the changes we will apply to")
+        print("the GRUB file ({}).\n".format(VPP_REAL_GRUB_FILE))
+        print(diffs)
         if ask_questions:
-            answer = autoconfig_yn("\nAre you sure you want to apply these changes [y/N]? ", 'n')
-            if answer == 'n':
+            answer = autoconfig_yn(
+                "\nAre you sure you want to apply these changes [y/N]? ", "n"
+            )
+            if answer == "n":
                 return -1
 
         # Copy and update grub
         autoconfig_cp(node, rootdir + VPP_GRUB_FILE, VPP_REAL_GRUB_FILE)
         distro = VPPUtil.get_linux_distro()
-        if distro[0] == 'Ubuntu':
+        if distro[0] == "Ubuntu":
             cmd = "update-grub"
         else:
             cmd = "grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg"
 
         (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command(cmd)
         if ret != 0:
-            raise RuntimeError('{} failed on node {} {} {}'.
-                               format(cmd, node['host'], stdout, stderr))
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "{} failed on node {} {} {}".format(cmd, node["host"], stdout, stderr)
+            )
 
-        print ("There have been changes to the GRUB config a", end=' ')
-        print ("reboot will be required.")
+        print("There have been changes to the GRUB config a", end=" ")
+        print("reboot will be required.")
         return -1
     else:
-        print ('\nThere are no changes to the GRUB config.')
+        print("\nThere are no changes to the GRUB config.")
 
     return 0
 
@@ -289,15 +292,15 @@ def autoconfig_apply(ask_questions=True):
     vutil = VPPUtil()
     pkgs = vutil.get_installed_vpp_pkgs()
     if len(pkgs) == 0:
-        print ("\nVPP is not installed, Install VPP with option 4.")
+        print("\nVPP is not installed, Install VPP with option 4.")
         return
 
     acfg = AutoConfig(rootdir, VPP_AUTO_CONFIGURATION_FILE)
 
     if ask_questions:
-        print ("\nWe are now going to configure your system(s).\n")
-        answer = autoconfig_yn("Are you sure you want to do this [Y/n]? ", 'y')
-        if answer == 'n':
+        print("\nWe are now going to configure your system(s).\n")
+        answer = autoconfig_yn("Are you sure you want to do this [Y/n]? ", "y")
+        if answer == "n":
             return
 
     nodes = acfg.get_nodes()
@@ -369,7 +372,9 @@ def autoconfig_dryrun(ask_questions=True):
     for i in nodes.items():
         node = i[1]
         if not acfg.has_interfaces(node):
-            print("\nThere are no VPP interfaces configured, please configure at least 1.")
+            print(
+                "\nThere are no VPP interfaces configured, please configure at least 1."
+            )
             return
 
     # Modify CPU
@@ -414,34 +419,31 @@ def autoconfig_install():
         pkgs = vutil.get_installed_vpp_pkgs()
 
         if len(pkgs) > 0:
-            print ("\nThese packages are installed on node {}"
-                   .format(node['host']))
-            print ("{:25} {}".format("Name", "Version"))
+            print("\nThese packages are installed on node {}".format(node["host"]))
+            print("{:25} {}".format("Name", "Version"))
             for pkg in pkgs:
                 try:
-                    print ("{:25} {}".format(
-                        pkg['name'], pkg['version']))
+                    print("{:25} {}".format(pkg["name"], pkg["version"]))
                 except KeyError:
-                    print ("{}".format(pkg['name']))
+                    print("{}".format(pkg["name"]))
 
             question = "\nDo you want to uninstall these "
             question += "packages [y/N]? "
-            answer = autoconfig_yn(question, 'n')
-            if answer == 'y':
+            answer = autoconfig_yn(question, "n")
+            if answer == "y":
                 logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
                 vutil.uninstall_vpp(node)
         else:
-            print ("\nThere are no VPP packages on node {}."
-                   .format(node['host']))
+            print("\nThere are no VPP packages on node {}.".format(node["host"]))
             question = "Do you want to install VPP [Y/n]? "
-            answer = autoconfig_yn(question, 'y')
-            if answer == 'y':
+            answer = autoconfig_yn(question, "y")
+            if answer == "y":
                 question = "Do you want to install the release version [Y/n]? "
-                answer = autoconfig_yn(question, 'y')
-                if answer == 'y':
-                    branch = 'release'
+                answer = autoconfig_yn(question, "y")
+                if answer == "y":
+                    branch = "release"
                 else:
-                    branch = 'master'
+                    branch = "master"
                 logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
                 vutil.install_vpp(node, branch)
 
@@ -486,9 +488,9 @@ def autoconfig_create_iperf_vm():
     """
 
     acfg = AutoConfig(rootdir, VPP_AUTO_CONFIGURATION_FILE)
-    acfg.destroy_iperf_vm('iperf-server')
+    acfg.destroy_iperf_vm("iperf-server")
     acfg.create_and_bridge_iperf_virtual_interface()
-    acfg.create_iperf_vm('iperf-server')
+    acfg.create_iperf_vm("iperf-server")
 
 
 def autoconfig_not_implemented():
@@ -497,7 +499,7 @@ def autoconfig_not_implemented():
 
     """
 
-    print ("\nThis Feature is not implemented yet....")
+    print("\nThis Feature is not implemented yet....")
 
 
 def autoconfig_basic_test_menu():
@@ -506,28 +508,28 @@ def autoconfig_basic_test_menu():
 
     """
 
-    basic_menu_text = '\nWhat would you like to do?\n\n\
+    basic_menu_text = "\nWhat would you like to do?\n\n\
 1) List/Create Simple IPv4 Setup\n\
 2) Create an iperf VM and Connect to VPP an interface\n\
-9 or q) Back to main menu.'
+9 or q) Back to main menu."
 
-    print ("{}".format(basic_menu_text))
+    print("{}".format(basic_menu_text))
 
     input_valid = False
-    answer = ''
+    answer = ""
     while not input_valid:
         answer = input("\nCommand: ")
         if len(answer) > 1:
-            print ("Please enter only 1 character.")
+            print("Please enter only 1 character.")
             continue
-        if re.findall(r'[Qq1-29]', answer):
+        if re.findall(r"[Qq1-29]", answer):
             input_valid = True
             answer = answer[0].lower()
         else:
-            print ("Please enter a character between 1 and 2 or 9.")
+            print("Please enter a character between 1 and 2 or 9.")
 
-        if answer == '9':
-            answer = 'q'
+        if answer == "9":
+            answer = "q"
 
     return answer
 
@@ -540,17 +542,17 @@ def autoconfig_basic_test():
     vutil = VPPUtil()
     pkgs = vutil.get_installed_vpp_pkgs()
     if len(pkgs) == 0:
-        print ("\nVPP is not installed, install VPP with option 4.")
+        print("\nVPP is not installed, install VPP with option 4.")
         return
 
-    answer = ''
-    while answer != 'q':
+    answer = ""
+    while answer != "q":
         answer = autoconfig_basic_test_menu()
-        if answer == '1':
+        if answer == "1":
             autoconfig_ipv4_setup()
-        elif answer == '2':
+        elif answer == "2":
             autoconfig_create_iperf_vm()
-        elif answer == '9' or answer == 'q':
+        elif answer == "9" or answer == "q":
             return
         else:
             autoconfig_not_implemented()
@@ -562,30 +564,32 @@ def autoconfig_main_menu():
 
     """
 
-    main_menu_text = '\nWhat would you like to do?\n\n\
+    main_menu_text = "\nWhat would you like to do?\n\n\
 1) Show basic system information\n\
 2) Dry Run (Saves the configuration files in {}/vpp/vpp-config/dryrun.\n\
 3) Full configuration (WARNING: This will change the system configuration)\n\
 4) List/Install/Uninstall VPP.\n\
-q) Quit'.format(rootdir, rootdir)
+q) Quit".format(
+        rootdir, rootdir
+    )
 
     # 5) Dry Run from {}/vpp/vpp-config/auto-config.yaml (will not ask questions).\n\
     # 6) Install QEMU patch (Needed when running openstack).\n\
 
-    print ("{}".format(main_menu_text))
+    print("{}".format(main_menu_text))
 
     input_valid = False
-    answer = ''
+    answer = ""
     while not input_valid:
         answer = input("\nCommand: ")
         if len(answer) > 1:
-            print ("Please enter only 1 character.")
+            print("Please enter only 1 character.")
             continue
-        if re.findall(r'[Qq1-4]', answer):
+        if re.findall(r"[Qq1-4]", answer):
             input_valid = True
             answer = answer[0].lower()
         else:
-            print ("Please enter a character between 1 and 4 or q.")
+            print("Please enter a character between 1 and 4 or q.")
 
     return answer
 
@@ -599,18 +603,18 @@ def autoconfig_main():
     # Setup
     autoconfig_setup()
 
-    answer = ''
-    while answer != 'q':
+    answer = ""
+    while answer != "q":
         answer = autoconfig_main_menu()
-        if answer == '1':
+        if answer == "1":
             autoconfig_show_system()
-        elif answer == '2':
+        elif answer == "2":
             autoconfig_dryrun()
-        elif answer == '3':
+        elif answer == "3":
             autoconfig_apply()
-        elif answer == '4':
+        elif answer == "4":
             autoconfig_install()
-        elif answer == 'q':
+        elif answer == "q":
             return
         else:
             autoconfig_not_implemented()
@@ -627,53 +631,65 @@ def autoconfig_setup(ask_questions=True):
     global rootdir
 
     distro = VPPUtil.get_linux_distro()
-    if distro[0] == 'Ubuntu':
-        rootdir = '/usr/local'
+    if distro[0] == "Ubuntu":
+        rootdir = "/usr/local"
     else:
-        rootdir = '/usr'
+        rootdir = "/usr"
 
     # If there is a system configuration file use that, if not use the initial auto-config file
     filename = rootdir + VPP_AUTO_CONFIGURATION_FILE
     if os.path.isfile(filename) is True:
         acfg = AutoConfig(rootdir, VPP_AUTO_CONFIGURATION_FILE)
     else:
-        raise RuntimeError('The Auto configuration file does not exist {}'.
-                           format(filename))
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "The Auto configuration file does not exist {}".format(filename)
+        )
 
     if ask_questions:
-        print ("\nWelcome to the VPP system configuration utility")
+        print("\nWelcome to the VPP system configuration utility")
 
-        print ("\nThese are the files we will modify:")
-        print ("    /etc/vpp/startup.conf")
-        print ("    /etc/sysctl.d/80-vpp.conf")
-        print ("    /etc/default/grub")
+        print("\nThese are the files we will modify:")
+        print("    /etc/vpp/startup.conf")
+        print("    /etc/sysctl.d/80-vpp.conf")
+        print("    /etc/default/grub")
 
-        print (
+        print(
             "\nBefore we change them, we'll create working copies in "
-            "{}".format(rootdir + VPP_DRYRUNDIR))
-        print (
+            "{}".format(rootdir + VPP_DRYRUNDIR)
+        )
+        print(
             "Please inspect them carefully before applying the actual "
-            "configuration (option 3)!")
+            "configuration (option 3)!"
+        )
 
     nodes = acfg.get_nodes()
     for i in nodes.items():
         node = i[1]
 
-        if (os.path.isfile(rootdir + VPP_STARTUP_FILE) is not True) and \
-                (os.path.isfile(VPP_REAL_STARTUP_FILE) is True):
-            autoconfig_cp(node, VPP_REAL_STARTUP_FILE, '{}'.format(rootdir + VPP_STARTUP_FILE))
-        if (os.path.isfile(rootdir + VPP_HUGE_PAGE_FILE) is not True) and \
-                (os.path.isfile(VPP_REAL_HUGE_PAGE_FILE) is True):
-            autoconfig_cp(node, VPP_REAL_HUGE_PAGE_FILE, '{}'.format(rootdir + VPP_HUGE_PAGE_FILE))
-        if (os.path.isfile(rootdir + VPP_GRUB_FILE) is not True) and \
-                (os.path.isfile(VPP_REAL_GRUB_FILE) is True):
-            autoconfig_cp(node, VPP_REAL_GRUB_FILE, '{}'.format(rootdir + VPP_GRUB_FILE))
+        if (os.path.isfile(rootdir + VPP_STARTUP_FILE) is not True) and (
+            os.path.isfile(VPP_REAL_STARTUP_FILE) is True
+        ):
+            autoconfig_cp(
+                node, VPP_REAL_STARTUP_FILE, "{}".format(rootdir + VPP_STARTUP_FILE)
+            )
+        if (os.path.isfile(rootdir + VPP_HUGE_PAGE_FILE) is not True) and (
+            os.path.isfile(VPP_REAL_HUGE_PAGE_FILE) is True
+        ):
+            autoconfig_cp(
+                node, VPP_REAL_HUGE_PAGE_FILE, "{}".format(rootdir + VPP_HUGE_PAGE_FILE)
+            )
+        if (os.path.isfile(rootdir + VPP_GRUB_FILE) is not True) and (
+            os.path.isfile(VPP_REAL_GRUB_FILE) is True
+        ):
+            autoconfig_cp(
+                node, VPP_REAL_GRUB_FILE, "{}".format(rootdir + VPP_GRUB_FILE)
+            )
 
         # Be sure the uio_pci_generic driver is installed
-        cmd = 'modprobe uio_pci_generic'
+        cmd = "modprobe uio_pci_generic"
         (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command(cmd)
         if ret != 0:
-            logging.warning('{} failed on node {} {}'. format(cmd, node['host'], stderr))
+            logging.warning("{} failed on node {} {}".format(cmd, node["host"], stderr))
 
 
 # noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences
@@ -707,10 +723,9 @@ def config_main():
 
     # Check for root
     if not os.geteuid() == 0:
-        sys.exit('\nPlease run the VPP Configuration Utility as root.')
+        sys.exit("\nPlease run the VPP Configuration Utility as root.")
 
-    if len(sys.argv) > 1 and ((sys.argv[1] == '-d') or (
-            sys.argv[1] == '--debug')):
+    if len(sys.argv) > 1 and ((sys.argv[1] == "-d") or (sys.argv[1] == "--debug")):
         logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
     else:
         logging.basicConfig(level=logging.ERROR)
@@ -720,37 +735,44 @@ def config_main():
     if len(sys.argv) == 1:
         autoconfig_main()
         return
-    elif len(sys.argv) == 2 and ((sys.argv[1] == '-d') or (
-            sys.argv[1] == '--debug')):
+    elif len(sys.argv) == 2 and ((sys.argv[1] == "-d") or (sys.argv[1] == "--debug")):
         autoconfig_main()
         return
 
     # There were arguments specified, so execute the utility using
     # command line arguments
-    description = 'The VPP configuration utility allows the user to '
-    'configure VPP in a simple and safe manner. The utility takes input '
-    'from the user or the specified .yaml file. The user should then '
-    'examine these files to be sure they are correct and then actually '
-    'apply the configuration. When run without arguments the utility run '
-    'in an interactive mode'
+    description = "The VPP configuration utility allows the user to "
+    "configure VPP in a simple and safe manner. The utility takes input "
+    "from the user or the specified .yaml file. The user should then "
+    "examine these files to be sure they are correct and then actually "
+    "apply the configuration. When run without arguments the utility run "
+    "in an interactive mode"
 
     main_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        prog='arg-test',
+        prog="arg-test",
         description=description,
-        epilog='See "%(prog)s help COMMAND" for help on a specific command.')
-    main_parser.add_argument('--apply', '-a', action='store_true',
-                             help='Apply the cofiguration.')
-    main_parser.add_argument('--dry-run', '-dr', action='store_true',
-                             help='Create the dryrun configuration files.')
-    main_parser.add_argument('--show', '-s', action='store_true',
-                             help='Shows basic system information')
-    main_parser.add_argument('--debug', '-d', action='count',
-                             help='Print debug output (multiple levels)')
+        epilog='See "%(prog)s help COMMAND" for help on a specific command.',
+    )
+    main_parser.add_argument(
+        "--apply", "-a", action="store_true", help="Apply the cofiguration."
+    )
+    main_parser.add_argument(
+        "--dry-run",
+        "-dr",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Create the dryrun configuration files.",
+    )
+    main_parser.add_argument(
+        "--show", "-s", action="store_true", help="Shows basic system information"
+    )
+    main_parser.add_argument(
+        "--debug", "-d", action="count", help="Print debug output (multiple levels)"
+    )
 
     args = main_parser.parse_args()
 
     return execute_with_args(args)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     config_main()
diff --git a/extras/vpp_config/vpplib/AutoConfig.py b/extras/vpp_config/vpplib/AutoConfig.py
index 62f18e27929..9a79039f69e 100644
--- a/extras/vpp_config/vpplib/AutoConfig.py
+++ b/extras/vpp_config/vpplib/AutoConfig.py
@@ -41,9 +41,9 @@ MIN_SYSTEM_CPUS = 2
 MIN_TOTAL_HUGE_PAGES = 1024
 MAX_PERCENT_FOR_HUGE_PAGES = 70
 
-IPERFVM_XML = 'configs/iperf-vm.xml'
-IPERFVM_IMAGE = 'images/xenial-mod.img'
-IPERFVM_ISO = 'configs/cloud-config.iso'
+IPERFVM_XML = "configs/iperf-vm.xml"
+IPERFVM_IMAGE = "images/xenial-mod.img"
+IPERFVM_ISO = "configs/cloud-config.iso"
 
 
 class AutoConfig(object):
@@ -90,12 +90,12 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
         """
 
         # Does a copy of the file exist, if not create one
-        ofile = filename + '.orig'
-        (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command('ls {}'.format(ofile))
+        ofile = filename + ".orig"
+        (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command("ls {}".format(ofile))
         if ret != 0:
             logging.debug(stderr)
-            if stdout.strip('\n') != ofile:
-                cmd = 'sudo cp {} {}'.format(filename, ofile)
+            if stdout.strip("\n") != ofile:
+                cmd = "sudo cp {} {}".format(filename, ofile)
                 (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command(cmd)
                 if ret != 0:
                     logging.debug(stderr)
@@ -114,14 +114,14 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
         while True:
             answer = input("Please enter the IPv4 Address [n.n.n.n/n]: ")
             try:
-                ipinput = answer.split('/')
+                ipinput = answer.split("/")
                 ipaddr = ip_address(ipinput[0])
                 if len(ipinput) > 1:
-                    plen = answer.split('/')[1]
+                    plen = answer.split("/")[1]
                 else:
                     answer = input("Please enter the netmask [n.n.n.n]: ")
                     plen = ip_address(answer).netmask_bits()
-                return '{}/{}'.format(ipaddr, plen)
+                return "{}/{}".format(ipaddr, plen)
             except ValueError:
                 print("Please enter a valid IPv4 address.")
 
@@ -145,18 +145,22 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
 
         while True:
             answer = input(question)
-            if answer == '':
+            if answer == "":
                 answer = default
                 break
-            if re.findall(r'[0-9+]', answer):
+            if re.findall(r"[0-9+]", answer):
                 if int(answer) in range(first, last + 1):
                     break
                 else:
-                    print("Please a value between {} and {} or Return.".
-                          format(first, last))
+                    print(
+                        "Please a value between {} and {} or Return.".format(
+                            first, last
+                        )
+                    )
             else:
-                print("Please a number between {} and {} or Return.".
-                      format(first, last))
+                print(
+                    "Please a number between {} and {} or Return.".format(first, last)
+                )
 
         return int(answer)
 
@@ -175,12 +179,12 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
 
         input_valid = False
         default = default.lower()
-        answer = ''
+        answer = ""
         while not input_valid:
             answer = input(question)
-            if answer == '':
+            if answer == "":
                 answer = default
-            if re.findall(r'[YyNn]', answer):
+            if re.findall(r"[YyNn]", answer):
                 input_valid = True
                 answer = answer[0].lower()
             else:
@@ -196,36 +200,40 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
 
         # Get the Topology, from the topology layout file
         topo = {}
-        with open(self._autoconfig_filename, 'r') as stream:
+        with open(self._autoconfig_filename, "r") as stream:
             try:
                 topo = yaml.load(stream)
-                if 'metadata' in topo:
-                    self._metadata = topo['metadata']
+                if "metadata" in topo:
+                    self._metadata = topo["metadata"]
             except yaml.YAMLError as exc:
                 raise RuntimeError(
                     "Couldn't read the Auto config file {}.".format(
-                        self._autoconfig_filename, exc))
+                        self._autoconfig_filename, exc
+                    )
+                )
 
-        systemfile = self._rootdir + self._metadata['system_config_file']
+        systemfile = self._rootdir + self._metadata["system_config_file"]
         if self._clean is False and os.path.isfile(systemfile):
-            with open(systemfile, 'r') as sysstream:
+            with open(systemfile, "r") as sysstream:
                 try:
                     systopo = yaml.load(sysstream)
-                    if 'nodes' in systopo:
-                        self._nodes = systopo['nodes']
+                    if "nodes" in systopo:
+                        self._nodes = systopo["nodes"]
                 except yaml.YAMLError as sysexc:
                     raise RuntimeError(
                         "Couldn't read the System config file {}.".format(
-                            systemfile, sysexc))
+                            systemfile, sysexc
+                        )
+                    )
         else:
             # Get the nodes from Auto Config
-            if 'nodes' in topo:
-                self._nodes = topo['nodes']
+            if "nodes" in topo:
+                self._nodes = topo["nodes"]
 
         # Set the root directory in all the nodes
         for i in self._nodes.items():
             node = i[1]
-            node['rootdir'] = self._rootdir
+            node["rootdir"] = self._rootdir
 
     def updateconfig(self):
         """
@@ -236,11 +244,11 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
         """
 
         # Initialize the yaml data
-        ydata = {'metadata': self._metadata, 'nodes': self._nodes}
+        ydata = {"metadata": self._metadata, "nodes": self._nodes}
 
         # Write the system config file
-        filename = self._rootdir + self._metadata['system_config_file']
-        with open(filename, 'w') as yamlfile:
+        filename = self._rootdir + self._metadata["system_config_file"]
+        with open(filename, "w") as yamlfile:
             yaml.dump(ydata, yamlfile)
 
     def _update_auto_config(self):
@@ -252,11 +260,11 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
 
         # Initialize the yaml data
         nodes = {}
-        with open(self._autoconfig_filename, 'r') as stream:
+        with open(self._autoconfig_filename, "r") as stream:
             try:
                 ydata = yaml.load(stream)
-                if 'nodes' in ydata:
-                    nodes = ydata['nodes']
+                if "nodes" in ydata:
+                    nodes = ydata["nodes"]
             except yaml.YAMLError as exc:
                 print(exc)
                 return
@@ -266,41 +274,45 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
             node = i[1]
 
             # Interfaces
-            node['interfaces'] = {}
-            for item in self._nodes[key]['interfaces'].items():
+            node["interfaces"] = {}
+            for item in self._nodes[key]["interfaces"].items():
                 port = item[0]
                 interface = item[1]
 
-                node['interfaces'][port] = {}
-                addr = '{}'.format(interface['pci_address'])
-                node['interfaces'][port]['pci_address'] = addr
-                if 'mac_address' in interface:
-                    node['interfaces'][port]['mac_address'] = \
-                        interface['mac_address']
+                node["interfaces"][port] = {}
+                addr = "{}".format(interface["pci_address"])
+                node["interfaces"][port]["pci_address"] = addr
+                if "mac_address" in interface:
+                    node["interfaces"][port]["mac_address"] = interface["mac_address"]
 
-            if 'total_other_cpus' in self._nodes[key]['cpu']:
-                node['cpu']['total_other_cpus'] = \
-                    self._nodes[key]['cpu']['total_other_cpus']
-            if 'total_vpp_cpus' in self._nodes[key]['cpu']:
-                node['cpu']['total_vpp_cpus'] = \
-                    self._nodes[key]['cpu']['total_vpp_cpus']
-            if 'reserve_vpp_main_core' in self._nodes[key]['cpu']:
-                node['cpu']['reserve_vpp_main_core'] = \
-                    self._nodes[key]['cpu']['reserve_vpp_main_core']
+            if "total_other_cpus" in self._nodes[key]["cpu"]:
+                node["cpu"]["total_other_cpus"] = self._nodes[key]["cpu"][
+                    "total_other_cpus"
+                ]
+            if "total_vpp_cpus" in self._nodes[key]["cpu"]:
+                node["cpu"]["total_vpp_cpus"] = self._nodes[key]["cpu"][
+                    "total_vpp_cpus"
+                ]
+            if "reserve_vpp_main_core" in self._nodes[key]["cpu"]:
+                node["cpu"]["reserve_vpp_main_core"] = self._nodes[key]["cpu"][
+                    "reserve_vpp_main_core"
+                ]
 
             # TCP
-            if 'active_open_sessions' in self._nodes[key]['tcp']:
-                node['tcp']['active_open_sessions'] = \
-                    self._nodes[key]['tcp']['active_open_sessions']
-            if 'passive_open_sessions' in self._nodes[key]['tcp']:
-                node['tcp']['passive_open_sessions'] = \
-                    self._nodes[key]['tcp']['passive_open_sessions']
+            if "active_open_sessions" in self._nodes[key]["tcp"]:
+                node["tcp"]["active_open_sessions"] = self._nodes[key]["tcp"][
+                    "active_open_sessions"
+                ]
+            if "passive_open_sessions" in self._nodes[key]["tcp"]:
+                node["tcp"]["passive_open_sessions"] = self._nodes[key]["tcp"][
+                    "passive_open_sessions"
+                ]
 
             # Huge pages
-            node['hugepages']['total'] = self._nodes[key]['hugepages']['total']
+            node["hugepages"]["total"] = self._nodes[key]["hugepages"]["total"]
 
         # Write the auto config config file
-        with open(self._autoconfig_filename, 'w') as yamlfile:
+        with open(self._autoconfig_filename, "w") as yamlfile:
             yaml.dump(ydata, yamlfile)
 
     def apply_huge_pages(self):
@@ -325,28 +337,28 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
         """
 
         # Get main core
-        cpu = '\n'
-        if 'vpp_main_core' in node['cpu']:
-            vpp_main_core = node['cpu']['vpp_main_core']
+        cpu = "\n"
+        if "vpp_main_core" in node["cpu"]:
+            vpp_main_core = node["cpu"]["vpp_main_core"]
         else:
             vpp_main_core = 0
         if vpp_main_core != 0:
-            cpu += '  main-core {}\n'.format(vpp_main_core)
+            cpu += "  main-core {}\n".format(vpp_main_core)
 
         # Get workers
-        vpp_workers = node['cpu']['vpp_workers']
+        vpp_workers = node["cpu"]["vpp_workers"]
         vpp_worker_len = len(vpp_workers)
         if vpp_worker_len > 0:
-            vpp_worker_str = ''
+            vpp_worker_str = ""
             for i, worker in enumerate(vpp_workers):
                 if i > 0:
-                    vpp_worker_str += ','
+                    vpp_worker_str += ","
                 if worker[0] == worker[1]:
                     vpp_worker_str += "{}".format(worker[0])
                 else:
                     vpp_worker_str += "{}-{}".format(worker[0], worker[1])
 
-            cpu += '  corelist-workers {}\n'.format(vpp_worker_str)
+            cpu += "  corelist-workers {}\n".format(vpp_worker_str)
 
         return cpu
 
@@ -359,41 +371,41 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
         :type node: dict
         """
 
-        devices = ''
-        ports_per_numa = node['cpu']['ports_per_numa']
+        devices = ""
+        ports_per_numa = node["cpu"]["ports_per_numa"]
 
         for item in ports_per_numa.items():
             value = item[1]
-            interfaces = value['interfaces']
+            interfaces = value["interfaces"]
 
             # if 0 was specified for the number of vpp workers, use 1 queue
             num_rx_queues = None
             num_tx_queues = None
-            if 'rx_queues' in value:
-                num_rx_queues = value['rx_queues']
-            if 'tx_queues' in value:
-                num_tx_queues = value['tx_queues']
+            if "rx_queues" in value:
+                num_rx_queues = value["rx_queues"]
+            if "tx_queues" in value:
+                num_tx_queues = value["tx_queues"]
 
             num_rx_desc = None
             num_tx_desc = None
 
             # Create the devices string
             for interface in interfaces:
-                pci_address = interface['pci_address']
+                pci_address = interface["pci_address"]
                 pci_address = pci_address.lstrip("'").rstrip("'")
-                devices += '\n'
-                devices += '  dev {} {{ \n'.format(pci_address)
+                devices += "\n"
+                devices += "  dev {} {{ \n".format(pci_address)
                 if num_rx_queues:
-                    devices += '    num-rx-queues {}\n'.format(num_rx_queues)
+                    devices += "    num-rx-queues {}\n".format(num_rx_queues)
                 else:
-                    devices += '    num-rx-queues {}\n'.format(1)
+                    devices += "    num-rx-queues {}\n".format(1)
                 if num_tx_queues:
-                    devices += '    num-tx-queues {}\n'.format(num_tx_queues)
+                    devices += "    num-tx-queues {}\n".format(num_tx_queues)
                 if num_rx_desc:
-                    devices += '    num-rx-desc {}\n'.format(num_rx_desc)
+                    devices += "    num-rx-desc {}\n".format(num_rx_desc)
                 if num_tx_desc:
-                    devices += '    num-tx-desc {}\n'.format(num_tx_desc)
-                devices += '  }'
+                    devices += "    num-tx-desc {}\n".format(num_tx_desc)
+                devices += "  }"
 
         return devices
 
@@ -405,20 +417,25 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
         :param node: Node dictionary with cpuinfo.
         :type node: dict
         """
-        buffers = ''
-        total_mbufs = node['cpu']['total_mbufs']
+        buffers = ""
+        total_mbufs = node["cpu"]["total_mbufs"]
 
         # If the total mbufs is not 0 or less than the default, set num-bufs
         logging.debug("Total mbufs: {}".format(total_mbufs))
         if total_mbufs != 0 and total_mbufs > 16384:
-            buffers += '  buffers-per-numa {}'.format(total_mbufs)
+            buffers += "  buffers-per-numa {}".format(total_mbufs)
 
         return buffers
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _calc_vpp_workers(node, vpp_workers, numa_node, other_cpus_end,
-                          total_vpp_workers,
-                          reserve_vpp_main_core):
+    def _calc_vpp_workers(
+        node,
+        vpp_workers,
+        numa_node,
+        other_cpus_end,
+        total_vpp_workers,
+        reserve_vpp_main_core,
+    ):
         """
         Calculate the VPP worker information
 
@@ -440,7 +457,7 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
         """
 
         # Can we fit the workers in one of these slices
-        cpus = node['cpu']['cpus_per_node'][numa_node]
+        cpus = node["cpu"]["cpus_per_node"][numa_node]
         for cpu in cpus:
             start = cpu[0]
             end = cpu[1]
@@ -454,7 +471,7 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
 
             if workers_end <= end:
                 if reserve_vpp_main_core:
-                    node['cpu']['vpp_main_core'] = start - 1
+                    node["cpu"]["vpp_main_core"] = start - 1
                 reserve_vpp_main_core = False
                 if total_vpp_workers:
                     vpp_workers.append((start, workers_end))
@@ -462,15 +479,14 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
 
         # We still need to reserve the main core
         if reserve_vpp_main_core:
-            node['cpu']['vpp_main_core'] = other_cpus_end + 1
+            node["cpu"]["vpp_main_core"] = other_cpus_end + 1
 
         return reserve_vpp_main_core
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _calc_desc_and_queues(total_numa_nodes,
-                              total_ports_per_numa,
-                              total_rx_queues,
-                              ports_per_numa_value):
+    def _calc_desc_and_queues(
+        total_numa_nodes, total_ports_per_numa, total_rx_queues, ports_per_numa_value
+    ):
         """
         Calculate the number of descriptors and queues
 
@@ -494,8 +510,10 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
 
         # Get the descriptor entries
         desc_entries = 1024
-        ports_per_numa_value['rx_queues'] = rx_queues
-        total_mbufs = ((rx_queues * desc_entries) + (tx_queues * desc_entries)) * total_ports_per_numa
+        ports_per_numa_value["rx_queues"] = rx_queues
+        total_mbufs = (
+            (rx_queues * desc_entries) + (tx_queues * desc_entries)
+        ) * total_ports_per_numa
 
         return total_mbufs
 
@@ -515,12 +533,12 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
         ports_per_numa = {}
         for item in interfaces.items():
             i = item[1]
-            if i['numa_node'] not in ports_per_numa:
-                ports_per_numa[i['numa_node']] = {'interfaces': []}
-                ports_per_numa[i['numa_node']]['interfaces'].append(i)
+            if i["numa_node"] not in ports_per_numa:
+                ports_per_numa[i["numa_node"]] = {"interfaces": []}
+                ports_per_numa[i["numa_node"]]["interfaces"].append(i)
             else:
-                ports_per_numa[i['numa_node']]['interfaces'].append(i)
-        node['cpu']['ports_per_numa'] = ports_per_numa
+                ports_per_numa[i["numa_node"]]["interfaces"].append(i)
+        node["cpu"]["ports_per_numa"] = ports_per_numa
 
         return ports_per_numa
 
@@ -536,24 +554,24 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
             node = i[1]
 
             # get total number of nic ports
-            interfaces = node['interfaces']
+            interfaces = node["interfaces"]
 
             # Make a list of ports by numa node
             ports_per_numa = self._create_ports_per_numa(node, interfaces)
 
             # Get the number of cpus to skip, we never use the first cpu
             other_cpus_start = 1
-            other_cpus_end = other_cpus_start + node['cpu']['total_other_cpus'] - 1
+            other_cpus_end = other_cpus_start + node["cpu"]["total_other_cpus"] - 1
             other_workers = None
             if other_cpus_end != 0:
                 other_workers = (other_cpus_start, other_cpus_end)
-            node['cpu']['other_workers'] = other_workers
+            node["cpu"]["other_workers"] = other_workers
 
             # Allocate the VPP main core and workers
             vpp_workers = []
-            reserve_vpp_main_core = node['cpu']['reserve_vpp_main_core']
-            total_vpp_cpus = node['cpu']['total_vpp_cpus']
-            total_rx_queues = node['cpu']['total_rx_queues']
+            reserve_vpp_main_core = node["cpu"]["reserve_vpp_main_core"]
+            total_vpp_cpus = node["cpu"]["total_vpp_cpus"]
+            total_rx_queues = node["cpu"]["total_rx_queues"]
 
             # If total_vpp_cpus is 0 or is less than the numa nodes with ports
             #  then we shouldn't get workers
@@ -572,14 +590,21 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
                     # Get the number of descriptors and queues
                     mbufs = self._calc_desc_and_queues(
                         len(ports_per_numa),
-                        len(value['interfaces']), total_rx_queues, value)
+                        len(value["interfaces"]),
+                        total_rx_queues,
+                        value,
+                    )
                     total_mbufs += mbufs
 
                     # Get the VPP workers
                     reserve_vpp_main_core = self._calc_vpp_workers(
-                        node, vpp_workers, numa_node,
-                        other_cpus_end, total_workers_node,
-                        reserve_vpp_main_core)
+                        node,
+                        vpp_workers,
+                        numa_node,
+                        other_cpus_end,
+                        total_workers_node,
+                        reserve_vpp_main_core,
+                    )
 
                 total_mbufs *= 2.5
                 total_mbufs = int(total_mbufs)
@@ -587,8 +612,8 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
                 total_mbufs = 0
 
             # Save the info
-            node['cpu']['vpp_workers'] = vpp_workers
-            node['cpu']['total_mbufs'] = total_mbufs
+            node["cpu"]["vpp_workers"] = vpp_workers
+            node["cpu"]["total_mbufs"] = total_mbufs
 
         # Write the config
         self.updateconfig()
@@ -602,54 +627,55 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
         :type node: dict
         """
 
-        active_open_sessions = node['tcp']['active_open_sessions']
+        active_open_sessions = node["tcp"]["active_open_sessions"]
         aos = int(active_open_sessions)
 
-        passive_open_sessions = node['tcp']['passive_open_sessions']
+        passive_open_sessions = node["tcp"]["passive_open_sessions"]
         pos = int(passive_open_sessions)
 
         # Generate the api-segment gid vpp sheit in any case
         if (aos + pos) == 0:
-            tcp = '\n'.join([
+            tcp = "\n".join(["api-segment {", "  gid vpp", "}"])
+            return tcp.rstrip("\n")
+
+        tcp = "\n".join(
+            [
+                "# TCP stack-related configuration parameters",
+                "# expecting {:d} client sessions, {:d} server sessions\n".format(
+                    aos, pos
+                ),
+                "heapsize 4g\n",
                 "api-segment {",
-                "  gid vpp",
-                "}"
-            ])
-            return tcp.rstrip('\n')
-
-        tcp = '\n'.join([
-            "# TCP stack-related configuration parameters",
-            "# expecting {:d} client sessions, {:d} server sessions\n".format(
-                aos, pos),
-            "heapsize 4g\n",
-            "api-segment {",
-            "  global-size 2000M",
-            "  api-size 1G",
-            "}\n",
-
-            "session {",
-            "  event-queue-length {:d}".format(aos + pos),
-            "  preallocated-sessions {:d}".format(aos + pos),
-            "  v4-session-table-buckets {:d}".format((aos + pos) // 4),
-            "  v4-session-table-memory 3g\n"
-        ])
+                "  global-size 2000M",
+                "  api-size 1G",
+                "}\n",
+                "session {",
+                "  event-queue-length {:d}".format(aos + pos),
+                "  preallocated-sessions {:d}".format(aos + pos),
+                "  v4-session-table-buckets {:d}".format((aos + pos) // 4),
+                "  v4-session-table-memory 3g\n",
+            ]
+        )
         if aos > 0:
-            tcp = tcp + "  v4-halfopen-table-buckets {:d}".format(
-                (aos + pos) // 4) + "\n"
+            tcp = (
+                tcp + "  v4-halfopen-table-buckets {:d}".format((aos + pos) // 4) + "\n"
+            )
             tcp = tcp + "  v4-halfopen-table-memory 3g\n"
-            tcp = tcp + "  local-endpoints-table-buckets {:d}".format(
-                (aos + pos) // 4) + "\n"
+            tcp = (
+                tcp
+                + "  local-endpoints-table-buckets {:d}".format((aos + pos) // 4)
+                + "\n"
+            )
             tcp = tcp + "  local-endpoints-table-memory 3g\n"
         tcp = tcp + "}\n\n"
 
         tcp = tcp + "tcp {\n"
         tcp = tcp + "  preallocated-connections {:d}".format(aos + pos) + "\n"
         if aos > 0:
-            tcp = tcp + "  preallocated-half-open-connections {:d}".format(
-                aos) + "\n"
+            tcp = tcp + "  preallocated-half-open-connections {:d}".format(aos) + "\n"
         tcp = tcp + "}\n\n"
 
-        return tcp.rstrip('\n')
+        return tcp.rstrip("\n")
 
     def apply_vpp_startup(self):
         """
@@ -662,8 +688,8 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
             node = i[1]
 
             # Get the startup file
-            rootdir = node['rootdir']
-            sfile = rootdir + node['vpp']['startup_config_file']
+            rootdir = node["rootdir"]
+            sfile = rootdir + node["vpp"]["startup_config_file"]
 
             # Get the buffers
             devices = self._apply_vpp_devices(node)
@@ -680,27 +706,22 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
             self._autoconfig_backup_file(sfile)
 
             # Get the template
-            tfile = sfile + '.template'
-            (ret, stdout, stderr) = \
-                VPPUtil.exec_command('cat {}'.format(tfile))
+            tfile = sfile + ".template"
+            (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command("cat {}".format(tfile))
             if ret != 0:
-                raise RuntimeError('Executing cat command failed to node {}'.
-                                   format(node['host']))
-            startup = stdout.format(cpu=cpu,
-                                    buffers=buffers,
-                                    devices=devices,
-                                    tcp=tcp)
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "Executing cat command failed to node {}".format(node["host"])
+                )
+            startup = stdout.format(cpu=cpu, buffers=buffers, devices=devices, tcp=tcp)
 
-            (ret, stdout, stderr) = \
-                VPPUtil.exec_command('rm {}'.format(sfile))
+            (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command("rm {}".format(sfile))
             if ret != 0:
                 logging.debug(stderr)
 
             cmd = "sudo cat > {0} << EOF\n{1}\n".format(sfile, startup)
             (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command(cmd)
             if ret != 0:
-                raise RuntimeError('Writing config failed node {}'.
-                                   format(node['host']))
+                raise RuntimeError("Writing config failed node {}".format(node["host"]))
 
     def apply_grub_cmdline(self):
         """
@@ -712,10 +733,10 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
             node = i[1]
 
             # Get the isolated CPUs
-            other_workers = node['cpu']['other_workers']
-            vpp_workers = node['cpu']['vpp_workers']
-            if 'vpp_main_core' in node['cpu']:
-                vpp_main_core = node['cpu']['vpp_main_core']
+            other_workers = node["cpu"]["other_workers"]
+            vpp_workers = node["cpu"]["vpp_workers"]
+            if "vpp_main_core" in node["cpu"]:
+                vpp_main_core = node["cpu"]["vpp_main_core"]
             else:
                 vpp_main_core = 0
             all_workers = []
@@ -724,12 +745,12 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
             if vpp_main_core != 0:
                 all_workers += [(vpp_main_core, vpp_main_core)]
             all_workers += vpp_workers
-            isolated_cpus = ''
+            isolated_cpus = ""
             for idx, worker in enumerate(all_workers):
                 if worker is None:
                     continue
                 if idx > 0:
-                    isolated_cpus += ','
+                    isolated_cpus += ","
                 if worker[0] == worker[1]:
                     isolated_cpus += "{}".format(worker[0])
                 else:
@@ -737,11 +758,10 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
 
             vppgrb = VppGrubUtil(node)
             current_cmdline = vppgrb.get_current_cmdline()
-            if 'grub' not in node:
-                node['grub'] = {}
-            node['grub']['current_cmdline'] = current_cmdline
-            node['grub']['default_cmdline'] = \
-                vppgrb.apply_cmdline(node, isolated_cpus)
+            if "grub" not in node:
+                node["grub"] = {}
+            node["grub"]["current_cmdline"] = current_cmdline
+            node["grub"]["default_cmdline"] = vppgrb.apply_cmdline(node, isolated_cpus)
 
         self.updateconfig()
 
@@ -756,14 +776,14 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
 
             hpg = VppHugePageUtil(node)
             max_map_count, shmmax = hpg.get_huge_page_config()
-            node['hugepages']['max_map_count'] = max_map_count
-            node['hugepages']['shmax'] = shmmax
+            node["hugepages"]["max_map_count"] = max_map_count
+            node["hugepages"]["shmax"] = shmmax
             total, free, size, memtotal, memfree = hpg.get_actual_huge_pages()
-            node['hugepages']['actual_total'] = total
-            node['hugepages']['free'] = free
-            node['hugepages']['size'] = size
-            node['hugepages']['memtotal'] = memtotal
-            node['hugepages']['memfree'] = memfree
+            node["hugepages"]["actual_total"] = total
+            node["hugepages"]["free"] = free
+            node["hugepages"]["size"] = size
+            node["hugepages"]["memtotal"] = memtotal
+            node["hugepages"]["memfree"] = memfree
 
         self.updateconfig()
 
@@ -782,14 +802,14 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
 
             # Get the total number of isolated CPUs
             current_iso_cpus = 0
-            iso_cpur = re.findall(r'isolcpus=[\w+\-,]+', current_cmdline)
+            iso_cpur = re.findall(r"isolcpus=[\w+\-,]+", current_cmdline)
             iso_cpurl = len(iso_cpur)
             if iso_cpurl > 0:
                 iso_cpu_str = iso_cpur[0]
-                iso_cpu_str = iso_cpu_str.split('=')[1]
-                iso_cpul = iso_cpu_str.split(',')
+                iso_cpu_str = iso_cpu_str.split("=")[1]
+                iso_cpul = iso_cpu_str.split(",")
                 for iso_cpu in iso_cpul:
-                    isocpuspl = iso_cpu.split('-')
+                    isocpuspl = iso_cpu.split("-")
                     if len(isocpuspl) == 1:
                         current_iso_cpus += 1
                     else:
@@ -800,11 +820,11 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
                         else:
                             current_iso_cpus += second - first
 
-            if 'grub' not in node:
-                node['grub'] = {}
-            node['grub']['current_cmdline'] = current_cmdline
-            node['grub']['default_cmdline'] = default_cmdline
-            node['grub']['current_iso_cpus'] = current_iso_cpus
+            if "grub" not in node:
+                node["grub"] = {}
+            node["grub"]["current_cmdline"] = current_cmdline
+            node["grub"]["default_cmdline"] = default_cmdline
+            node["grub"]["current_iso_cpus"] = current_iso_cpus
 
         self.updateconfig()
 
@@ -822,11 +842,11 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
         vpp.get_all_devices()
 
         # Save the device information
-        node['devices'] = {}
-        node['devices']['dpdk_devices'] = vpp.get_dpdk_devices()
-        node['devices']['kernel_devices'] = vpp.get_kernel_devices()
-        node['devices']['other_devices'] = vpp.get_other_devices()
-        node['devices']['linkup_devices'] = vpp.get_link_up_devices()
+        node["devices"] = {}
+        node["devices"]["dpdk_devices"] = vpp.get_dpdk_devices()
+        node["devices"]["kernel_devices"] = vpp.get_kernel_devices()
+        node["devices"]["other_devices"] = vpp.get_other_devices()
+        node["devices"]["linkup_devices"] = vpp.get_link_up_devices()
 
     def get_devices_per_node(self):
         """
@@ -856,20 +876,25 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
         :rtype: list
         """
 
-        cmd = 'lscpu -p'
+        cmd = "lscpu -p"
         (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command(cmd)
         if ret != 0:
-            raise RuntimeError('{} failed on node {} {}'.
-                               format(cmd, node['host'], stderr))
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "{} failed on node {} {}".format(cmd, node["host"], stderr)
+            )
 
         pcpus = []
-        lines = stdout.split('\n')
+        lines = stdout.split("\n")
         for line in lines:
-            if line == '' or line[0] == '#':
+            if line == "" or line[0] == "#":
                 continue
-            linesplit = line.split(',')
-            layout = {'cpu': linesplit[0], 'core': linesplit[1],
-                      'socket': linesplit[2], 'node': linesplit[3]}
+            linesplit = line.split(",")
+            layout = {
+                "cpu": linesplit[0],
+                "core": linesplit[1],
+                "socket": linesplit[2],
+                "node": linesplit[3],
+            }
 
             # cpu, core, socket, node
             pcpus.append(layout)
@@ -890,14 +915,14 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
 
             # Get the cpu layout
             layout = self.get_cpu_layout(node)
-            node['cpu']['layout'] = layout
+            node["cpu"]["layout"] = layout
 
-            cpuinfo = node['cpuinfo']
+            cpuinfo = node["cpuinfo"]
             smt_enabled = CpuUtils.is_smt_enabled(cpuinfo)
-            node['cpu']['smt_enabled'] = smt_enabled
+            node["cpu"]["smt_enabled"] = smt_enabled
 
             # We don't want to write the cpuinfo
-            node['cpuinfo'] = ""
+            node["cpuinfo"] = ""
 
         # Write the config
         self.updateconfig()
@@ -932,46 +957,59 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
         :type numa_nodes: list
         """
 
-        print("\nYour system has {} core(s) and {} Numa Nodes.".
-              format(total_cpus, len(numa_nodes)))
-        print("To begin, we suggest not reserving any cores for "
-              "VPP or other processes.")
-        print("Then to improve performance start reserving cores and "
-              "adding queues as needed.")
+        print(
+            "\nYour system has {} core(s) and {} Numa Nodes.".format(
+                total_cpus, len(numa_nodes)
+            )
+        )
+        print(
+            "To begin, we suggest not reserving any cores for "
+            "VPP or other processes."
+        )
+        print(
+            "Then to improve performance start reserving cores and "
+            "adding queues as needed."
+        )
 
         # Leave 1 for the general system
         total_cpus -= 1
         max_vpp_cpus = min(total_cpus, 4)
         total_vpp_cpus = 0
         if max_vpp_cpus > 0:
-            question = "\nHow many core(s) shall we reserve for " \
-                       "VPP [0-{}][0]? ".format(max_vpp_cpus)
+            question = (
+                "\nHow many core(s) shall we reserve for "
+                "VPP [0-{}][0]? ".format(max_vpp_cpus)
+            )
             total_vpp_cpus = self._ask_user_range(question, 0, max_vpp_cpus, 0)
-            node['cpu']['total_vpp_cpus'] = total_vpp_cpus
+            node["cpu"]["total_vpp_cpus"] = total_vpp_cpus
 
         total_other_cpus = 0
         max_other_cores = total_cpus - total_vpp_cpus
         if max_other_cores > 0:
-            question = 'How many core(s) do you want to reserve for ' \
-                       'processes other than VPP? [0-{}][0]? '. format(str(max_other_cores))
+            question = (
+                "How many core(s) do you want to reserve for "
+                "processes other than VPP? [0-{}][0]? ".format(str(max_other_cores))
+            )
             total_other_cpus = self._ask_user_range(question, 0, max_other_cores, 0)
-            node['cpu']['total_other_cpus'] = total_other_cpus
+            node["cpu"]["total_other_cpus"] = total_other_cpus
 
         max_main_cpus = total_cpus - total_vpp_cpus - total_other_cpus
         reserve_vpp_main_core = False
         if max_main_cpus > 0:
             question = "Should we reserve 1 core for the VPP Main thread? "
             question += "[y/N]? "
-            answer = self._ask_user_yn(question, 'n')
-            if answer == 'y':
+            answer = self._ask_user_yn(question, "n")
+            if answer == "y":
                 reserve_vpp_main_core = True
-            node['cpu']['reserve_vpp_main_core'] = reserve_vpp_main_core
-            node['cpu']['vpp_main_core'] = 0
+            node["cpu"]["reserve_vpp_main_core"] = reserve_vpp_main_core
+            node["cpu"]["vpp_main_core"] = 0
 
-        question = "How many RX queues per port shall we use for " \
-                   "VPP [1-4][1]? ".format(max_vpp_cpus)
+        question = (
+            "How many RX queues per port shall we use for "
+            "VPP [1-4][1]? ".format(max_vpp_cpus)
+        )
         total_rx_queues = self._ask_user_range(question, 1, 4, 1)
-        node['cpu']['total_rx_queues'] = total_rx_queues
+        node["cpu"]["total_rx_queues"] = total_rx_queues
 
     def modify_cpu(self, ask_questions=True):
         """
@@ -995,50 +1033,50 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
 
             # Assume the number of cpus per slice is always the same as the
             # first slice
-            first_node = '0'
+            first_node = "0"
             for cpu in cpu_layout:
-                if cpu['node'] != first_node:
+                if cpu["node"] != first_node:
                     break
                 total_cpus_per_slice += 1
 
             # Get the total number of cpus, cores, and numa nodes from the
             # cpu layout
             for cpul in cpu_layout:
-                numa_node = cpul['node']
-                core = cpul['core']
-                cpu = cpul['cpu']
+                numa_node = cpul["node"]
+                core = cpul["core"]
+                cpu = cpul["cpu"]
                 total_cpus += 1
 
                 if numa_node not in cpus_per_node:
                     cpus_per_node[numa_node] = []
                 cpuperslice = int(cpu) % total_cpus_per_slice
                 if cpuperslice == 0:
-                    cpus_per_node[numa_node].append((int(cpu), int(cpu) +
-                                                     total_cpus_per_slice - 1))
+                    cpus_per_node[numa_node].append(
+                        (int(cpu), int(cpu) + total_cpus_per_slice - 1)
+                    )
                 if numa_node not in numa_nodes:
                     numa_nodes.append(numa_node)
                 if core not in cores:
                     cores.append(core)
-            node['cpu']['cpus_per_node'] = cpus_per_node
+            node["cpu"]["cpus_per_node"] = cpus_per_node
 
             # Ask the user some questions
             if ask_questions and total_cpus >= 4:
                 self._modify_cpu_questions(node, total_cpus, numa_nodes)
 
             # Populate the interfaces with the numa node
-            if 'interfaces' in node:
-                ikeys = node['interfaces'].keys()
+            if "interfaces" in node:
+                ikeys = node["interfaces"].keys()
                 VPPUtil.get_interfaces_numa_node(node, *tuple(ikeys))
 
             # We don't want to write the cpuinfo
-            node['cpuinfo'] = ""
+            node["cpuinfo"] = ""
 
         # Write the configs
         self._update_auto_config()
         self.updateconfig()
 
-    def _modify_other_devices(self, node,
-                              other_devices, kernel_devices, dpdk_devices):
+    def _modify_other_devices(self, node, other_devices, kernel_devices, dpdk_devices):
         """
         Modify the devices configuration, asking for the user for the values.
 
@@ -1046,31 +1084,31 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
 
         odevices_len = len(other_devices)
         if odevices_len > 0:
-            print("\nThese device(s) are currently NOT being used "
-                  "by VPP or the OS.\n")
+            print(
+                "\nThese device(s) are currently NOT being used " "by VPP or the OS.\n"
+            )
             VppPCIUtil.show_vpp_devices(other_devices, show_interfaces=False)
             question = "\nWould you like to give any of these devices"
             question += " back to the OS [Y/n]? "
-            answer = self._ask_user_yn(question, 'Y')
-            if answer == 'y':
+            answer = self._ask_user_yn(question, "Y")
+            if answer == "y":
                 vppd = {}
                 for dit in other_devices.items():
                     dvid = dit[0]
                     device = dit[1]
-                    question = "Would you like to use device {} for". \
-                        format(dvid)
+                    question = "Would you like to use device {} for".format(dvid)
                     question += " the OS [y/N]? "
-                    answer = self._ask_user_yn(question, 'n')
-                    if answer == 'y':
-                        if 'unused' in device and len(
-                                device['unused']) != 0 and \
-                                device['unused'][0] != '':
-                            driver = device['unused'][0]
-                            ret = VppPCIUtil.bind_vpp_device(
-                                node, driver, dvid)
+                    answer = self._ask_user_yn(question, "n")
+                    if answer == "y":
+                        if (
+                            "unused" in device
+                            and len(device["unused"]) != 0
+                            and device["unused"][0] != ""
+                        ):
+                            driver = device["unused"][0]
+                            ret = VppPCIUtil.bind_vpp_device(node, driver, dvid)
                             if ret:
-                                logging.debug(
-                                    'Could not bind device {}'.format(dvid))
+                                logging.debug("Could not bind device {}".format(dvid))
                             else:
                                 vppd[dvid] = device
                 for dit in vppd.items():
@@ -1081,34 +1119,35 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
 
         odevices_len = len(other_devices)
         if odevices_len > 0:
-            print("\nThese device(s) are still NOT being used "
-                  "by VPP or the OS.\n")
+            print("\nThese device(s) are still NOT being used " "by VPP or the OS.\n")
             VppPCIUtil.show_vpp_devices(other_devices, show_interfaces=False)
             question = "\nWould you like use any of these for VPP [y/N]? "
-            answer = self._ask_user_yn(question, 'N')
-            if answer == 'y':
+            answer = self._ask_user_yn(question, "N")
+            if answer == "y":
                 vppd = {}
                 for dit in other_devices.items():
                     dvid = dit[0]
                     device = dit[1]
                     question = "Would you like to use device {} ".format(dvid)
                     question += "for VPP [y/N]? "
-                    answer = self._ask_user_yn(question, 'n')
-                    if answer == 'y':
+                    answer = self._ask_user_yn(question, "n")
+                    if answer == "y":
                         vppd[dvid] = device
                 for dit in vppd.items():
                     dvid = dit[0]
                     device = dit[1]
-                    if 'unused' in device and len(device['unused']) != 0 and \
-                            device['unused'][0] != '':
-                        driver = device['unused'][0]
+                    if (
+                        "unused" in device
+                        and len(device["unused"]) != 0
+                        and device["unused"][0] != ""
+                    ):
+                        driver = device["unused"][0]
                         logging.debug(
-                            'Binding device {} to driver {}'.format(dvid,
-                                                                    driver))
+                            "Binding device {} to driver {}".format(dvid, driver)
+                        )
                         ret = VppPCIUtil.bind_vpp_device(node, driver, dvid)
                         if ret:
-                            logging.debug(
-                                'Could not bind device {}'.format(dvid))
+                            logging.debug("Could not bind device {}".format(dvid))
                         else:
                             dpdk_devices[dvid] = device
                             del other_devices[dvid]
@@ -1121,22 +1160,23 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
 
         for i in self._nodes.items():
             node = i[1]
-            devices = node['devices']
-            all_devices = devices['other_devices']
-            all_devices.update(devices['dpdk_devices'])
-            all_devices.update(devices['kernel_devices'])
+            devices = node["devices"]
+            all_devices = devices["other_devices"]
+            all_devices.update(devices["dpdk_devices"])
+            all_devices.update(devices["kernel_devices"])
 
             current_ifcs = {}
             interfaces = {}
-            if 'interfaces' in node:
-                current_ifcs = node['interfaces']
+            if "interfaces" in node:
+                current_ifcs = node["interfaces"]
             if current_ifcs:
                 for ifc in current_ifcs.values():
-                    dvid = ifc['pci_address']
+                    dvid = ifc["pci_address"]
                     if dvid in all_devices:
-                        VppPCIUtil.vpp_create_interface(interfaces, dvid,
-                                                        all_devices[dvid])
-            node['interfaces'] = interfaces
+                        VppPCIUtil.vpp_create_interface(
+                            interfaces, dvid, all_devices[dvid]
+                        )
+            node["interfaces"] = interfaces
 
         self.updateconfig()
 
@@ -1148,86 +1188,98 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
 
         for i in self._nodes.items():
             node = i[1]
-            devices = node['devices']
-            other_devices = devices['other_devices']
-            kernel_devices = devices['kernel_devices']
-            dpdk_devices = devices['dpdk_devices']
+            devices = node["devices"]
+            other_devices = devices["other_devices"]
+            kernel_devices = devices["kernel_devices"]
+            dpdk_devices = devices["dpdk_devices"]
 
             if other_devices:
-                self._modify_other_devices(node, other_devices,
-                                           kernel_devices, dpdk_devices)
+                self._modify_other_devices(
+                    node, other_devices, kernel_devices, dpdk_devices
+                )
 
                 # Get the devices again for this node
                 self._get_device(node)
-                devices = node['devices']
-                kernel_devices = devices['kernel_devices']
-                dpdk_devices = devices['dpdk_devices']
+                devices = node["devices"]
+                kernel_devices = devices["kernel_devices"]
+                dpdk_devices = devices["dpdk_devices"]
 
             klen = len(kernel_devices)
             if klen > 0:
                 print("\nThese devices are safe to be used with VPP.\n")
                 VppPCIUtil.show_vpp_devices(kernel_devices)
-                question = "\nWould you like to use any of these " \
-                           "device(s) for VPP [y/N]? "
-                answer = self._ask_user_yn(question, 'n')
-                if answer == 'y':
+                question = (
+                    "\nWould you like to use any of these " "device(s) for VPP [y/N]? "
+                )
+                answer = self._ask_user_yn(question, "n")
+                if answer == "y":
                     vppd = {}
                     for dit in kernel_devices.items():
                         dvid = dit[0]
                         device = dit[1]
                         question = "Would you like to use device {} ".format(dvid)
                         question += "for VPP [y/N]? "
-                        answer = self._ask_user_yn(question, 'n')
-                        if answer == 'y':
+                        answer = self._ask_user_yn(question, "n")
+                        if answer == "y":
                             vppd[dvid] = device
                     for dit in vppd.items():
                         dvid = dit[0]
                         device = dit[1]
-                        if 'unused' in device and len(
-                                device['unused']) != 0 and device['unused'][0] != '':
-                            driver = device['unused'][0]
-                            question = "Would you like to bind the driver {} for {} [y/N]? ".format(driver, dvid)
-                            answer = self._ask_user_yn(question, 'n')
-                            if answer == 'y':
-                                logging.debug('Binding device {} to driver {}'.format(dvid, driver))
+                        if (
+                            "unused" in device
+                            and len(device["unused"]) != 0
+                            and device["unused"][0] != ""
+                        ):
+                            driver = device["unused"][0]
+                            question = "Would you like to bind the driver {} for {} [y/N]? ".format(
+                                driver, dvid
+                            )
+                            answer = self._ask_user_yn(question, "n")
+                            if answer == "y":
+                                logging.debug(
+                                    "Binding device {} to driver {}".format(
+                                        dvid, driver
+                                    )
+                                )
                                 ret = VppPCIUtil.bind_vpp_device(node, driver, dvid)
                                 if ret:
-                                    logging.debug('Could not bind device {}'.format(dvid))
+                                    logging.debug(
+                                        "Could not bind device {}".format(dvid)
+                                    )
                         dpdk_devices[dvid] = device
                         del kernel_devices[dvid]
 
             dlen = len(dpdk_devices)
             if dlen > 0:
                 print("\nThese device(s) are already using DPDK.\n")
-                VppPCIUtil.show_vpp_devices(dpdk_devices,
-                                            show_interfaces=False)
+                VppPCIUtil.show_vpp_devices(dpdk_devices, show_interfaces=False)
                 question = "\nWould you like to remove any of "
                 question += "these device(s) [y/N]? "
-                answer = self._ask_user_yn(question, 'n')
-                if answer == 'y':
+                answer = self._ask_user_yn(question, "n")
+                if answer == "y":
                     vppdl = {}
                     for dit in dpdk_devices.items():
                         dvid = dit[0]
                         device = dit[1]
-                        question = "Would you like to remove {} [y/N]? ". \
-                            format(dvid)
-                        answer = self._ask_user_yn(question, 'n')
-                        if answer == 'y':
+                        question = "Would you like to remove {} [y/N]? ".format(dvid)
+                        answer = self._ask_user_yn(question, "n")
+                        if answer == "y":
                             vppdl[dvid] = device
                     for dit in vppdl.items():
                         dvid = dit[0]
                         device = dit[1]
-                        if 'unused' in device and len(
-                                device['unused']) != 0 and device['unused'][0] != '':
-                            driver = device['unused'][0]
+                        if (
+                            "unused" in device
+                            and len(device["unused"]) != 0
+                            and device["unused"][0] != ""
+                        ):
+                            driver = device["unused"][0]
                             logging.debug(
-                                'Binding device {} to driver {}'.format(
-                                    dvid, driver))
-                            ret = VppPCIUtil.bind_vpp_device(node, driver,
-                                                             dvid)
+                                "Binding device {} to driver {}".format(dvid, driver)
+                            )
+                            ret = VppPCIUtil.bind_vpp_device(node, driver, dvid)
                             if ret:
-                                logging.debug(
-                                    'Could not bind device {}'.format(dvid))
+                                logging.debug("Could not bind device {}".format(dvid))
                             else:
                                 kernel_devices[dvid] = device
                                 del dpdk_devices[dvid]
@@ -1237,7 +1289,7 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
                 dvid = dit[0]
                 device = dit[1]
                 VppPCIUtil.vpp_create_interface(interfaces, dvid, device)
-            node['interfaces'] = interfaces
+            node["interfaces"] = interfaces
 
         self._update_auto_config()
         self.updateconfig()
@@ -1251,29 +1303,27 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
         for i in self._nodes.items():
             node = i[1]
 
-            total = node['hugepages']['actual_total']
-            free = node['hugepages']['free']
-            size = node['hugepages']['size']
-            memfree = node['hugepages']['memfree'].split(' ')[0]
-            hugesize = int(size.split(' ')[0])
+            total = node["hugepages"]["actual_total"]
+            free = node["hugepages"]["free"]
+            size = node["hugepages"]["size"]
+            memfree = node["hugepages"]["memfree"].split(" ")[0]
+            hugesize = int(size.split(" ")[0])
             # The max number of huge pages should be no more than
             # 70% of total free memory
             maxpages = (int(memfree) * MAX_PERCENT_FOR_HUGE_PAGES // 100) // hugesize
-            print("\nThere currently {} {} huge pages free.".format(
-                free, size))
-            question = "Do you want to reconfigure the number of " \
-                       "huge pages [y/N]? "
-            answer = self._ask_user_yn(question, 'n')
-            if answer == 'n':
-                node['hugepages']['total'] = total
+            print("\nThere currently {} {} huge pages free.".format(free, size))
+            question = "Do you want to reconfigure the number of " "huge pages [y/N]? "
+            answer = self._ask_user_yn(question, "n")
+            if answer == "n":
+                node["hugepages"]["total"] = total
                 continue
 
-            print("\nThere currently a total of {} huge pages.".
-                  format(total))
-            question = "How many huge pages do you want [{} - {}][{}]? ". \
-                format(MIN_TOTAL_HUGE_PAGES, maxpages, MIN_TOTAL_HUGE_PAGES)
+            print("\nThere currently a total of {} huge pages.".format(total))
+            question = "How many huge pages do you want [{} - {}][{}]? ".format(
+                MIN_TOTAL_HUGE_PAGES, maxpages, MIN_TOTAL_HUGE_PAGES
+            )
             answer = self._ask_user_range(question, 1024, maxpages, 1024)
-            node['hugepages']['total'] = str(answer)
+            node["hugepages"]["total"] = str(answer)
 
         # Update auto-config.yaml
         self._update_auto_config()
@@ -1298,21 +1348,25 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
         for i in self._nodes.items():
             node = i[1]
 
-            question = "\nHow many active-open / tcp client sessions are " \
-                       "expected [0-10000000][0]? "
+            question = (
+                "\nHow many active-open / tcp client sessions are "
+                "expected [0-10000000][0]? "
+            )
             answer = self._ask_user_range(question, 0, 10000000, 0)
             # Less than 10K is equivalent to 0
             if int(answer) < 10000:
                 answer = 0
-            node['tcp']['active_open_sessions'] = answer
+            node["tcp"]["active_open_sessions"] = answer
 
-            question = "How many passive-open / tcp server sessions are " \
-                       "expected [0-10000000][0]? "
+            question = (
+                "How many passive-open / tcp server sessions are "
+                "expected [0-10000000][0]? "
+            )
             answer = self._ask_user_range(question, 0, 10000000, 0)
             # Less than 10K is equivalent to 0
             if int(answer) < 10000:
                 answer = 0
-            node['tcp']['passive_open_sessions'] = answer
+            node["tcp"]["passive_open_sessions"] = answer
 
         # Update auto-config.yaml
         self._update_auto_config()
@@ -1329,7 +1383,7 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
         :type node: dict
         """
 
-        print('\nWe are patching the node "{}":\n'.format(node['host']))
+        print('\nWe are patching the node "{}":\n'.format(node["host"]))
         QemuUtils.build_qemu(node, force_install=True, apply_patch=True)
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -1341,44 +1395,44 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
 
         cpu = CpuUtils.get_cpu_info_per_node(node)
 
-        item = 'Model name'
+        item = "Model name"
         if item in cpu:
             print("{:>20}:    {}".format(item, cpu[item]))
-        item = 'CPU(s)'
+        item = "CPU(s)"
         if item in cpu:
             print("{:>20}:    {}".format(item, cpu[item]))
-        item = 'Thread(s) per core'
+        item = "Thread(s) per core"
         if item in cpu:
             print("{:>20}:    {}".format(item, cpu[item]))
-        item = 'Core(s) per socket'
+        item = "Core(s) per socket"
         if item in cpu:
             print("{:>20}:    {}".format(item, cpu[item]))
-        item = 'Socket(s)'
+        item = "Socket(s)"
         if item in cpu:
             print("{:>20}:    {}".format(item, cpu[item]))
-        item = 'NUMA node(s)'
+        item = "NUMA node(s)"
         numa_nodes = 0
         if item in cpu:
             numa_nodes = int(cpu[item])
         for i in range(0, numa_nodes):
             item = "NUMA node{} CPU(s)".format(i)
             print("{:>20}:    {}".format(item, cpu[item]))
-        item = 'CPU max MHz'
+        item = "CPU max MHz"
         if item in cpu:
             print("{:>20}:    {}".format(item, cpu[item]))
-        item = 'CPU min MHz'
+        item = "CPU min MHz"
         if item in cpu:
             print("{:>20}:    {}".format(item, cpu[item]))
 
-        if node['cpu']['smt_enabled']:
-            smt = 'Enabled'
+        if node["cpu"]["smt_enabled"]:
+            smt = "Enabled"
         else:
-            smt = 'Disabled'
-        print("{:>20}:    {}".format('SMT', smt))
+            smt = "Disabled"
+        print("{:>20}:    {}".format("SMT", smt))
 
         # VPP Threads
         print("\nVPP Threads: (Name: Cpu Number)")
-        vpp_processes = cpu['vpp_processes']
+        vpp_processes = cpu["vpp_processes"]
         for i in vpp_processes.items():
             print("  {:10}: {:4}".format(i[0], i[1]))
 
@@ -1389,8 +1443,8 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
 
         """
 
-        if 'cpu' in node and 'total_mbufs' in node['cpu']:
-            total_mbufs = node['cpu']['total_mbufs']
+        if "cpu" in node and "total_mbufs" in node["cpu"]:
+            total_mbufs = node["cpu"]["total_mbufs"]
             if total_mbufs != 0:
                 print("Total Number of Buffers: {}".format(total_mbufs))
 
@@ -1412,16 +1466,14 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
         dpdk_devs = vpp.get_dpdk_devices()
         if len(dpdk_devs):
             print("\nDevices bound to DPDK drivers:")
-            vpp.show_vpp_devices(dpdk_devs, show_interfaces=True,
-                                 show_header=False)
+            vpp.show_vpp_devices(dpdk_devs, show_interfaces=True, show_header=False)
         else:
             print("\nNo devices bound to DPDK drivers")
 
         other_devs = vpp.get_other_devices()
         if len(other_devs):
             print("\nDevices not bound to Kernel or DPDK drivers:")
-            vpp.show_vpp_devices(other_devs, show_interfaces=True,
-                                 show_header=False)
+            vpp.show_vpp_devices(other_devs, show_interfaces=True, show_header=False)
         else:
             print("\nNo devices not bound to Kernel or DPDK drivers")
 
@@ -1436,28 +1488,33 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
             print("None")
             return
 
-        print("{:30} {:4} {:4} {:7} {:4} {:7}".
-              format('Name', 'Numa', 'RXQs',
-                     'RXDescs', 'TXQs', 'TXDescs'))
+        print(
+            "{:30} {:4} {:4} {:7} {:4} {:7}".format(
+                "Name", "Numa", "RXQs", "RXDescs", "TXQs", "TXDescs"
+            )
+        )
         for intf in sorted(interfaces.items()):
             name = intf[0]
             value = intf[1]
-            if name == 'local0':
+            if name == "local0":
                 continue
-            numa = rx_qs = rx_ds = tx_qs = tx_ds = ''
-            if 'numa' in value:
-                numa = int(value['numa'])
-            if 'rx queues' in value:
-                rx_qs = int(value['rx queues'])
-            if 'rx descs' in value:
-                rx_ds = int(value['rx descs'])
-            if 'tx queues' in value:
-                tx_qs = int(value['tx queues'])
-            if 'tx descs' in value:
-                tx_ds = int(value['tx descs'])
+            numa = rx_qs = rx_ds = tx_qs = tx_ds = ""
+            if "numa" in value:
+                numa = int(value["numa"])
+            if "rx queues" in value:
+                rx_qs = int(value["rx queues"])
+            if "rx descs" in value:
+                rx_ds = int(value["rx descs"])
+            if "tx queues" in value:
+                tx_qs = int(value["tx queues"])
+            if "tx descs" in value:
+                tx_ds = int(value["tx descs"])
 
-            print("{:30} {:>4} {:>4} {:>7} {:>4} {:>7}".
-                  format(name, numa, rx_qs, rx_ds, tx_qs, tx_ds))
+            print(
+                "{:30} {:>4} {:>4} {:>7} {:>4} {:>7}".format(
+                    name, numa, rx_qs, rx_ds, tx_qs, tx_ds
+                )
+            )
 
     @staticmethod
     def hugepage_info(node):
@@ -1476,7 +1533,7 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
 
         :returns: boolean
         """
-        if 'interfaces' in node and len(node['interfaces']):
+        if "interfaces" in node and len(node["interfaces"]):
             return True
         else:
             return False
@@ -1493,30 +1550,33 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
         min_sys_res = True
 
         # CPUs
-        if 'layout' in node['cpu']:
-            total_cpus = len(node['cpu']['layout'])
+        if "layout" in node["cpu"]:
+            total_cpus = len(node["cpu"]["layout"])
             if total_cpus < 2:
-                print("\nThere is only {} CPU(s) available on this system. "
-                      "This is not enough to run VPP.".format(total_cpus))
+                print(
+                    "\nThere is only {} CPU(s) available on this system. "
+                    "This is not enough to run VPP.".format(total_cpus)
+                )
                 min_sys_res = False
 
         # System Memory
-        if 'free' in node['hugepages'] and \
-                'memfree' in node['hugepages'] and \
-                'size' in node['hugepages']:
-            free = node['hugepages']['free']
-            memfree = float(node['hugepages']['memfree'].split(' ')[0])
-            hugesize = float(node['hugepages']['size'].split(' ')[0])
+        if (
+            "free" in node["hugepages"]
+            and "memfree" in node["hugepages"]
+            and "size" in node["hugepages"]
+        ):
+            free = node["hugepages"]["free"]
+            memfree = float(node["hugepages"]["memfree"].split(" ")[0])
+            hugesize = float(node["hugepages"]["size"].split(" ")[0])
 
             memhugepages = MIN_TOTAL_HUGE_PAGES * hugesize
             percentmemhugepages = (memhugepages / memfree) * 100
-            if free is '0' and \
-                    percentmemhugepages > MAX_PERCENT_FOR_HUGE_PAGES:
+            if free is "0" and percentmemhugepages > MAX_PERCENT_FOR_HUGE_PAGES:
                 print(
                     "\nThe System has only {} of free memory. You will not "
                     "be able to allocate enough Huge Pages for VPP.".format(
-                        int(
-                            memfree))
+                        int(memfree)
+                    )
                 )
                 min_sys_res = False
 
@@ -1541,11 +1601,9 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
 
             # Grub
             print("\nGrub Command Line:")
-            if 'grub' in node:
-                print("  Current: {}".format(
-                    node['grub']['current_cmdline']))
-                print("  Configured: {}".format(
-                    node['grub']['default_cmdline']))
+            if "grub" in node:
+                print("  Current: {}".format(node["grub"]["current_cmdline"]))
+                print("  Configured: {}".format(node["grub"]["default_cmdline"]))
 
             # Huge Pages
             print("\nHuge Pages:")
@@ -1586,17 +1644,18 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
         interfaces_with_ip = []
         for intf in sorted(interfaces.items()):
             name = intf[0]
-            if name == 'local0':
+            if name == "local0":
                 continue
 
-            question = "Would you like add address to " \
-                       "interface {} [Y/n]? ".format(name)
-            answer = self._ask_user_yn(question, 'y')
-            if answer == 'y':
+            question = "Would you like add address to " "interface {} [Y/n]? ".format(
+                name
+            )
+            answer = self._ask_user_yn(question, "y")
+            if answer == "y":
                 address = {}
                 addr = self._ask_user_ipv4()
-                address['name'] = name
-                address['addr'] = addr
+                address["name"] = name
+                address["addr"] = addr
                 interfaces_with_ip.append(address)
 
         return interfaces_with_ip
@@ -1618,40 +1677,37 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
                 for items in sorted(current_ints.items()):
                     name = items[0]
                     value = items[1]
-                    if 'address' not in value:
-                        address = 'Not Set'
+                    if "address" not in value:
+                        address = "Not Set"
                     else:
-                        address = value['address']
-                    print("{:30} {:20} {:10}".format(name, address,
-                                                     value['state']))
-                question = "\nWould you like to keep this configuration " \
-                           "[Y/n]? "
-                answer = self._ask_user_yn(question, 'y')
-                if answer == 'y':
+                        address = value["address"]
+                    print("{:30} {:20} {:10}".format(name, address, value["state"]))
+                question = "\nWould you like to keep this configuration " "[Y/n]? "
+                answer = self._ask_user_yn(question, "y")
+                if answer == "y":
                     continue
             else:
-                print("\nThere are currently no interfaces with IP "
-                      "addresses.")
+                print("\nThere are currently no interfaces with IP " "addresses.")
 
             # Create a script that add the ip addresses to the interfaces
             # and brings the interfaces up
             ints_with_addrs = self._ipv4_interface_setup_questions(node)
-            content = ''
+            content = ""
             for ints in ints_with_addrs:
-                name = ints['name']
-                addr = ints['addr']
-                setipstr = 'set int ip address {} {}\n'.format(name, addr)
-                setintupstr = 'set int state {} up\n'.format(name)
+                name = ints["name"]
+                addr = ints["addr"]
+                setipstr = "set int ip address {} {}\n".format(name, addr)
+                setintupstr = "set int state {} up\n".format(name)
                 content += setipstr + setintupstr
 
             # Write the content to the script
-            rootdir = node['rootdir']
-            filename = rootdir + '/vpp/vpp-config/scripts/set_int_ipv4_and_up'
-            with open(filename, 'w+') as sfile:
+            rootdir = node["rootdir"]
+            filename = rootdir + "/vpp/vpp-config/scripts/set_int_ipv4_and_up"
+            with open(filename, "w+") as sfile:
                 sfile.write(content)
 
             # Execute the script
-            cmd = 'vppctl exec {}'.format(filename)
+            cmd = "vppctl exec {}".format(filename)
             (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command(cmd)
             if ret != 0:
                 logging.debug(stderr)
@@ -1679,12 +1735,13 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
         # First delete all the Virtual interfaces
         for intf in sorted(interfaces.items()):
             name = intf[0]
-            if name[:7] == 'Virtual':
-                cmd = 'vppctl delete vhost-user {}'.format(name)
+            if name[:7] == "Virtual":
+                cmd = "vppctl delete vhost-user {}".format(name)
                 (ret, stdout, stderr) = vpputl.exec_command(cmd)
                 if ret != 0:
-                    logging.debug('{} failed on node {} {}'.format(
-                        cmd, node['host'], stderr))
+                    logging.debug(
+                        "{} failed on node {} {}".format(cmd, node["host"], stderr)
+                    )
 
         # Create a virtual interface, for each interface the user wants to use
         interfaces = vpputl.get_hardware(node)
@@ -1694,36 +1751,38 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
         inum = 1
         for intf in sorted(interfaces.items()):
             name = intf[0]
-            if name == 'local0':
+            if name == "local0":
                 continue
 
-            question = "Would you like connect this interface {} to " \
-                       "the VM [Y/n]? ".format(name)
-            answer = self._ask_user_yn(question, 'y')
-            if answer == 'y':
-                sockfilename = '/var/run/vpp/{}.sock'.format(
-                    name.replace('/', '_'))
+            question = (
+                "Would you like connect this interface {} to "
+                "the VM [Y/n]? ".format(name)
+            )
+            answer = self._ask_user_yn(question, "y")
+            if answer == "y":
+                sockfilename = "/var/run/vpp/{}.sock".format(name.replace("/", "_"))
                 if os.path.exists(sockfilename):
                     os.remove(sockfilename)
-                cmd = 'vppctl create vhost-user socket {} server'.format(
-                    sockfilename)
+                cmd = "vppctl create vhost-user socket {} server".format(sockfilename)
                 (ret, stdout, stderr) = vpputl.exec_command(cmd)
                 if ret != 0:
                     raise RuntimeError(
-                        "Couldn't execute the command {}, {}.".format(cmd,
-                                                                      stderr))
-                vintname = stdout.rstrip('\r\n')
+                        "Couldn't execute the command {}, {}.".format(cmd, stderr)
+                    )
+                vintname = stdout.rstrip("\r\n")
 
-                cmd = 'chmod 777 {}'.format(sockfilename)
+                cmd = "chmod 777 {}".format(sockfilename)
                 (ret, stdout, stderr) = vpputl.exec_command(cmd)
                 if ret != 0:
                     raise RuntimeError(
-                        "Couldn't execute the command {}, {}.".format(cmd,
-                                                                      stderr))
+                        "Couldn't execute the command {}, {}.".format(cmd, stderr)
+                    )
 
-                interface = {'name': name,
-                             'virtualinterface': '{}'.format(vintname),
-                             'bridge': '{}'.format(inum)}
+                interface = {
+                    "name": name,
+                    "virtualinterface": "{}".format(vintname),
+                    "bridge": "{}".format(inum),
+                }
                 inum += 1
                 interfaces_with_virtual_interfaces.append(interface)
 
@@ -1743,49 +1802,58 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
             print("\nThis the current bridge configuration:")
             VPPUtil.show_bridge(node)
             question = "\nWould you like to keep this configuration [Y/n]? "
-            answer = self._ask_user_yn(question, 'y')
-            if answer == 'y':
+            answer = self._ask_user_yn(question, "y")
+            if answer == "y":
                 continue
 
             # Create a script that builds a bridge configuration with
             # physical interfaces and virtual interfaces
             ints_with_vints = self._create_vints_questions(node)
-            content = ''
+            content = ""
             for intf in ints_with_vints:
-                vhoststr = '\n'.join([
-                    'comment { The following command creates the socket }',
-                    'comment { and returns a virtual interface }',
-                    'comment {{ create vhost-user socket '
-                    '/var/run/vpp/sock{}.sock server }}\n'.format(
-                        intf['bridge'])
-                ])
+                vhoststr = "\n".join(
+                    [
+                        "comment { The following command creates the socket }",
+                        "comment { and returns a virtual interface }",
+                        "comment {{ create vhost-user socket "
+                        "/var/run/vpp/sock{}.sock server }}\n".format(intf["bridge"]),
+                    ]
+                )
 
-                setintdnstr = 'set interface state {} down\n'.format(
-                    intf['name'])
+                setintdnstr = "set interface state {} down\n".format(intf["name"])
 
-                setintbrstr = 'set interface l2 bridge {} {}\n'.format(
-                    intf['name'], intf['bridge'])
-                setvintbrstr = 'set interface l2 bridge {} {}\n'.format(
-                    intf['virtualinterface'], intf['bridge'])
+                setintbrstr = "set interface l2 bridge {} {}\n".format(
+                    intf["name"], intf["bridge"]
+                )
+                setvintbrstr = "set interface l2 bridge {} {}\n".format(
+                    intf["virtualinterface"], intf["bridge"]
+                )
 
                 # set interface state VirtualEthernet/0/0/0 up
-                setintvststr = 'set interface state {} up\n'.format(
-                    intf['virtualinterface'])
+                setintvststr = "set interface state {} up\n".format(
+                    intf["virtualinterface"]
+                )
 
                 # set interface state VirtualEthernet/0/0/0 down
-                setintupstr = 'set interface state {} up\n'.format(
-                    intf['name'])
+                setintupstr = "set interface state {} up\n".format(intf["name"])
 
-                content += vhoststr + setintdnstr + setintbrstr + setvintbrstr + setintvststr + setintupstr
+                content += (
+                    vhoststr
+                    + setintdnstr
+                    + setintbrstr
+                    + setvintbrstr
+                    + setintvststr
+                    + setintupstr
+                )
 
             # Write the content to the script
-            rootdir = node['rootdir']
-            filename = rootdir + '/vpp/vpp-config/scripts/create_vms_and_connect_to_vpp'
-            with open(filename, 'w+') as sfile:
+            rootdir = node["rootdir"]
+            filename = rootdir + "/vpp/vpp-config/scripts/create_vms_and_connect_to_vpp"
+            with open(filename, "w+") as sfile:
                 sfile.write(content)
 
             # Execute the script
-            cmd = 'vppctl exec {}'.format(filename)
+            cmd = "vppctl exec {}".format(filename)
             (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command(cmd)
             if ret != 0:
                 logging.debug(stderr)
@@ -1813,12 +1881,13 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
         # First delete all the Virtual interfaces
         for intf in sorted(interfaces.items()):
             name = intf[0]
-            if name[:7] == 'Virtual':
-                cmd = 'vppctl delete vhost-user {}'.format(name)
+            if name[:7] == "Virtual":
+                cmd = "vppctl delete vhost-user {}".format(name)
                 (ret, stdout, stderr) = vpputl.exec_command(cmd)
                 if ret != 0:
-                    logging.debug('{} failed on node {} {}'.format(
-                        cmd, node['host'], stderr))
+                    logging.debug(
+                        "{} failed on node {} {}".format(cmd, node["host"], stderr)
+                    )
 
         # Create a virtual interface, for each interface the user wants to use
         interfaces = vpputl.get_hardware(node)
@@ -1828,39 +1897,45 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
         inum = 1
 
         while True:
-            print('\nPlease pick one interface to connect to the iperf VM.')
+            print("\nPlease pick one interface to connect to the iperf VM.")
             for intf in sorted(interfaces.items()):
                 name = intf[0]
-                if name == 'local0':
+                if name == "local0":
                     continue
 
-                question = "Would you like connect this interface {} to " \
-                           "the VM [y/N]? ".format(name)
-                answer = self._ask_user_yn(question, 'n')
-                if answer == 'y':
-                    self._sockfilename = '/var/run/vpp/{}.sock'.format(
-                        name.replace('/', '_'))
+                question = (
+                    "Would you like connect this interface {} to "
+                    "the VM [y/N]? ".format(name)
+                )
+                answer = self._ask_user_yn(question, "n")
+                if answer == "y":
+                    self._sockfilename = "/var/run/vpp/{}.sock".format(
+                        name.replace("/", "_")
+                    )
                     if os.path.exists(self._sockfilename):
                         os.remove(self._sockfilename)
-                    cmd = 'vppctl create vhost-user socket {} server'.format(
-                        self._sockfilename)
+                    cmd = "vppctl create vhost-user socket {} server".format(
+                        self._sockfilename
+                    )
                     (ret, stdout, stderr) = vpputl.exec_command(cmd)
                     if ret != 0:
                         raise RuntimeError(
-                            "Couldn't execute the command {}, {}.".format(
-                                cmd, stderr))
-                    vintname = stdout.rstrip('\r\n')
+                            "Couldn't execute the command {}, {}.".format(cmd, stderr)
+                        )
+                    vintname = stdout.rstrip("\r\n")
 
-                    cmd = 'chmod 777 {}'.format(self._sockfilename)
+                    cmd = "chmod 777 {}".format(self._sockfilename)
                     (ret, stdout, stderr) = vpputl.exec_command(cmd)
                     if ret != 0:
                         raise RuntimeError(
-                            "Couldn't execute the command {}, {}.".format(
-                                cmd, stderr))
+                            "Couldn't execute the command {}, {}.".format(cmd, stderr)
+                        )
 
-                    interface = {'name': name,
-                                 'virtualinterface': '{}'.format(vintname),
-                                 'bridge': '{}'.format(inum)}
+                    interface = {
+                        "name": name,
+                        "virtualinterface": "{}".format(vintname),
+                        "bridge": "{}".format(inum),
+                    }
                     inum += 1
                     interfaces_with_virtual_interfaces.append(interface)
                     return interfaces_with_virtual_interfaces
@@ -1879,52 +1954,62 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
             print("\nThis the current bridge configuration:")
             ifaces = VPPUtil.show_bridge(node)
             question = "\nWould you like to keep this configuration [Y/n]? "
-            answer = self._ask_user_yn(question, 'y')
-            if answer == 'y':
-                self._sockfilename = '/var/run/vpp/{}.sock'.format(
-                    ifaces[0]['name'].replace('/', '_'))
+            answer = self._ask_user_yn(question, "y")
+            if answer == "y":
+                self._sockfilename = "/var/run/vpp/{}.sock".format(
+                    ifaces[0]["name"].replace("/", "_")
+                )
                 if os.path.exists(self._sockfilename):
                     continue
 
             # Create a script that builds a bridge configuration with
             # physical interfaces and virtual interfaces
             ints_with_vints = self._iperf_vm_questions(node)
-            content = ''
+            content = ""
             for intf in ints_with_vints:
-                vhoststr = '\n'.join([
-                    'comment { The following command creates the socket }',
-                    'comment { and returns a virtual interface }',
-                    'comment {{ create vhost-user socket '
-                    '/var/run/vpp/sock{}.sock server }}\n'.format(
-                        intf['bridge'])
-                ])
+                vhoststr = "\n".join(
+                    [
+                        "comment { The following command creates the socket }",
+                        "comment { and returns a virtual interface }",
+                        "comment {{ create vhost-user socket "
+                        "/var/run/vpp/sock{}.sock server }}\n".format(intf["bridge"]),
+                    ]
+                )
 
-                setintdnstr = 'set interface state {} down\n'.format(
-                    intf['name'])
+                setintdnstr = "set interface state {} down\n".format(intf["name"])
 
-                setintbrstr = 'set interface l2 bridge {} {}\n'.format(
-                    intf['name'], intf['bridge'])
-                setvintbrstr = 'set interface l2 bridge {} {}\n'.format(
-                    intf['virtualinterface'], intf['bridge'])
+                setintbrstr = "set interface l2 bridge {} {}\n".format(
+                    intf["name"], intf["bridge"]
+                )
+                setvintbrstr = "set interface l2 bridge {} {}\n".format(
+                    intf["virtualinterface"], intf["bridge"]
+                )
 
                 # set interface state VirtualEthernet/0/0/0 up
-                setintvststr = 'set interface state {} up\n'.format(
-                    intf['virtualinterface'])
+                setintvststr = "set interface state {} up\n".format(
+                    intf["virtualinterface"]
+                )
 
                 # set interface state VirtualEthernet/0/0/0 down
-                setintupstr = 'set interface state {} up\n'.format(
-                    intf['name'])
+                setintupstr = "set interface state {} up\n".format(intf["name"])
 
-                content += vhoststr + setintdnstr + setintbrstr + setvintbrstr + setintvststr + setintupstr
+                content += (
+                    vhoststr
+                    + setintdnstr
+                    + setintbrstr
+                    + setvintbrstr
+                    + setintvststr
+                    + setintupstr
+                )
 
             # Write the content to the script
-            rootdir = node['rootdir']
-            filename = rootdir + '/vpp/vpp-config/scripts/create_iperf_vm'
-            with open(filename, 'w+') as sfile:
+            rootdir = node["rootdir"]
+            filename = rootdir + "/vpp/vpp-config/scripts/create_iperf_vm"
+            with open(filename, "w+") as sfile:
                 sfile.write(content)
 
             # Execute the script
-            cmd = 'vppctl exec {}'.format(filename)
+            cmd = "vppctl exec {}".format(filename)
             (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command(cmd)
             if ret != 0:
                 logging.debug(stderr)
@@ -1943,21 +2028,22 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
         :type name: str
         """
 
-        cmd = 'virsh list'
+        cmd = "virsh list"
         (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command(cmd)
         if ret != 0:
             logging.debug(stderr)
             raise RuntimeError(
-                "Couldn't execute the command {} : {}".format(cmd, stderr))
+                "Couldn't execute the command {} : {}".format(cmd, stderr)
+            )
 
         if re.findall(name, stdout):
-            cmd = 'virsh destroy {}'.format(name)
+            cmd = "virsh destroy {}".format(name)
             (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command(cmd)
             if ret != 0:
                 logging.debug(stderr)
                 raise RuntimeError(
-                    "Couldn't execute the command {} : {}".format(
-                        cmd, stderr))
+                    "Couldn't execute the command {} : {}".format(cmd, stderr)
+                )
 
     def create_iperf_vm(self, vmname):
         """
@@ -1968,36 +2054,39 @@ class AutoConfig(object):
 
         # Read the iperf VM template file
         distro = VPPUtil.get_linux_distro()
-        if distro[0] == 'Ubuntu':
-            tfilename = \
-                '{}/vpp/vpp-config/configs/iperf-ubuntu.xml.template'.format(
-                    self._rootdir)
+        if distro[0] == "Ubuntu":
+            tfilename = "{}/vpp/vpp-config/configs/iperf-ubuntu.xml.template".format(
+                self._rootdir
+            )
         else:
-            tfilename = \
-                '{}/vpp/vpp-config/configs/iperf-centos.xml.template'.format(
-                    self._rootdir)
+            tfilename = "{}/vpp/vpp-config/configs/iperf-centos.xml.template".format(
+                self._rootdir
+            )
 
-        with open(tfilename, 'r') as tfile:
+        with open(tfilename, "r") as tfile:
             tcontents = tfile.read()
         tfile.close()
 
         # Add the variables
-        imagename = '{}/vpp/vpp-config/{}'.format(
-            self._rootdir, IPERFVM_IMAGE)
-        isoname = '{}/vpp/vpp-config/{}'.format(self._rootdir, IPERFVM_ISO)
-        tcontents = tcontents.format(vmname=vmname, imagename=imagename,
-                                     isoname=isoname,
-                                     vhostsocketname=self._sockfilename)
+        imagename = "{}/vpp/vpp-config/{}".format(self._rootdir, IPERFVM_IMAGE)
+        isoname = "{}/vpp/vpp-config/{}".format(self._rootdir, IPERFVM_ISO)
+        tcontents = tcontents.format(
+            vmname=vmname,
+            imagename=imagename,
+            isoname=isoname,
+            vhostsocketname=self._sockfilename,
+        )
 
         # Write the xml
-        ifilename = '{}/vpp/vpp-config/{}'.format(self._rootdir, IPERFVM_XML)
-        with open(ifilename, 'w+') as ifile:
+        ifilename = "{}/vpp/vpp-config/{}".format(self._rootdir, IPERFVM_XML)
+        with open(ifilename, "w+") as ifile:
             ifile.write(tcontents)
         ifile.close()
 
-        cmd = 'virsh create {}'.format(ifilename)
+        cmd = "virsh create {}".format(ifilename)
         (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command(cmd)
         if ret != 0:
             logging.debug(stderr)
             raise RuntimeError(
-                "Couldn't execute the command {} : {}".format(cmd, stderr))
+                "Couldn't execute the command {} : {}".format(cmd, stderr)
+            )
diff --git a/extras/vpp_config/vpplib/CpuUtils.py b/extras/vpp_config/vpplib/CpuUtils.py
index 23f418d33be..f6ba3d74746 100644
--- a/extras/vpp_config/vpplib/CpuUtils.py
+++ b/extras/vpp_config/vpplib/CpuUtils.py
@@ -78,13 +78,14 @@ class CpuUtils(object):
             #           1,1,0,0,,1,1,1,0
             if ret != 0:
                 raise RuntimeError(
-                    "Failed to execute ssh command, ret: {} err: {}".format(
-                        ret, stderr))
-            node['cpuinfo'] = list()
+                    "Failed to execute ssh command, ret: {} err: {}".format(ret, stderr)
+                )
+            node["cpuinfo"] = list()
             for line in stdout.split("\n"):
-                if line != '' and line[0] != "#":
-                    node['cpuinfo'].append([CpuUtils.__str2int(x) for x in
-                                            line.split(",")])
+                if line != "" and line[0] != "#":
+                    node["cpuinfo"].append(
+                        [CpuUtils.__str2int(x) for x in line.split(",")]
+                    )
 
     @staticmethod
     def cpu_node_count(node):
@@ -137,13 +138,14 @@ class CpuUtils(object):
 
         if smt_enabled and not smt_used:
             cpu_list_len = len(cpu_list)
-            cpu_list = cpu_list[:cpu_list_len // CpuUtils.NR_OF_THREADS]
+            cpu_list = cpu_list[: cpu_list_len // CpuUtils.NR_OF_THREADS]
 
         return cpu_list
 
     @staticmethod
-    def cpu_slice_of_list_per_node(node, cpu_node, skip_cnt=0, cpu_cnt=0,
-                                   smt_used=False):
+    def cpu_slice_of_list_per_node(
+        node, cpu_node, skip_cnt=0, cpu_cnt=0, smt_used=False
+    ):
         """Return string of node related list of CPU numbers.
 
         :param node: Node dictionary with cpuinfo.
@@ -171,20 +173,20 @@ class CpuUtils(object):
             cpu_cnt = cpu_list_len - skip_cnt
 
         if smt_used:
-            cpu_list_0 = cpu_list[:cpu_list_len // CpuUtils.NR_OF_THREADS]
-            cpu_list_1 = cpu_list[cpu_list_len // CpuUtils.NR_OF_THREADS:]
-            cpu_list = [cpu for cpu in cpu_list_0[skip_cnt:skip_cnt + cpu_cnt]]
-            cpu_list_ex = [cpu for cpu in
-                           cpu_list_1[skip_cnt:skip_cnt + cpu_cnt]]
+            cpu_list_0 = cpu_list[: cpu_list_len // CpuUtils.NR_OF_THREADS]
+            cpu_list_1 = cpu_list[cpu_list_len // CpuUtils.NR_OF_THREADS :]
+            cpu_list = [cpu for cpu in cpu_list_0[skip_cnt : skip_cnt + cpu_cnt]]
+            cpu_list_ex = [cpu for cpu in cpu_list_1[skip_cnt : skip_cnt + cpu_cnt]]
             cpu_list.extend(cpu_list_ex)
         else:
-            cpu_list = [cpu for cpu in cpu_list[skip_cnt:skip_cnt + cpu_cnt]]
+            cpu_list = [cpu for cpu in cpu_list[skip_cnt : skip_cnt + cpu_cnt]]
 
         return cpu_list
 
     @staticmethod
-    def cpu_list_per_node_str(node, cpu_node, skip_cnt=0, cpu_cnt=0, sep=",",
-                              smt_used=False):
+    def cpu_list_per_node_str(
+        node, cpu_node, skip_cnt=0, cpu_cnt=0, sep=",", smt_used=False
+    ):
         """Return string of node related list of CPU numbers.
 
         :param node: Node dictionary with cpuinfo.
@@ -203,15 +205,15 @@ class CpuUtils(object):
         :rtype: str
         """
 
-        cpu_list = CpuUtils.cpu_slice_of_list_per_node(node, cpu_node,
-                                                       skip_cnt=skip_cnt,
-                                                       cpu_cnt=cpu_cnt,
-                                                       smt_used=smt_used)
+        cpu_list = CpuUtils.cpu_slice_of_list_per_node(
+            node, cpu_node, skip_cnt=skip_cnt, cpu_cnt=cpu_cnt, smt_used=smt_used
+        )
         return sep.join(str(cpu) for cpu in cpu_list)
 
     @staticmethod
-    def cpu_range_per_node_str(node, cpu_node, skip_cnt=0, cpu_cnt=0, sep="-",
-                               smt_used=False):
+    def cpu_range_per_node_str(
+        node, cpu_node, skip_cnt=0, cpu_cnt=0, sep="-", smt_used=False
+    ):
         """Return string of node related range of CPU numbers, e.g. 0-4.
 
         :param node: Node dictionary with cpuinfo.
@@ -230,18 +232,16 @@ class CpuUtils(object):
         :rtype: str
         """
 
-        cpu_list = CpuUtils.cpu_slice_of_list_per_node(node, cpu_node,
-                                                       skip_cnt=skip_cnt,
-                                                       cpu_cnt=cpu_cnt,
-                                                       smt_used=smt_used)
+        cpu_list = CpuUtils.cpu_slice_of_list_per_node(
+            node, cpu_node, skip_cnt=skip_cnt, cpu_cnt=cpu_cnt, smt_used=smt_used
+        )
         if smt_used:
             cpu_list_len = len(cpu_list)
-            cpu_list_0 = cpu_list[:cpu_list_len // CpuUtils.NR_OF_THREADS]
-            cpu_list_1 = cpu_list[cpu_list_len // CpuUtils.NR_OF_THREADS:]
-            cpu_range = "{}{}{},{}{}{}".format(cpu_list_0[0], sep,
-                                               cpu_list_0[-1],
-                                               cpu_list_1[0], sep,
-                                               cpu_list_1[-1])
+            cpu_list_0 = cpu_list[: cpu_list_len // CpuUtils.NR_OF_THREADS]
+            cpu_list_1 = cpu_list[cpu_list_len // CpuUtils.NR_OF_THREADS :]
+            cpu_range = "{}{}{},{}{}{}".format(
+                cpu_list_0[0], sep, cpu_list_0[-1], cpu_list_1[0], sep, cpu_list_1[-1]
+            )
         else:
             cpu_range = "{}{}{}".format(cpu_list[0], sep, cpu_list[-1])
 
@@ -260,28 +260,30 @@ class CpuUtils(object):
         cmd = "lscpu"
         ret, stdout, stderr = VPPUtil.exec_command(cmd)
         if ret != 0:
-            raise RuntimeError("lscpu command failed on node {} {}."
-                               .format(node['host'], stderr))
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "lscpu command failed on node {} {}.".format(node["host"], stderr)
+            )
 
         cpuinfo = {}
-        lines = stdout.split('\n')
+        lines = stdout.split("\n")
         for line in lines:
-            if line != '':
-                linesplit = re.split(r':\s+', line)
+            if line != "":
+                linesplit = re.split(r":\s+", line)
                 cpuinfo[linesplit[0]] = linesplit[1]
 
         cmd = "cat /proc/*/task/*/stat | awk '{print $1" "$2" "$39}'"
         ret, stdout, stderr = VPPUtil.exec_command(cmd)
         if ret != 0:
-            raise RuntimeError("cat command failed on node {} {}."
-                               .format(node['host'], stderr))
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "cat command failed on node {} {}.".format(node["host"], stderr)
+            )
 
         vpp_processes = {}
-        vpp_lines = re.findall(r'\w+\(vpp_\w+\)\w+', stdout)
+        vpp_lines = re.findall(r"\w+\(vpp_\w+\)\w+", stdout)
         for line in vpp_lines:
-            linesplit = re.split(r'\w+\(', line)[1].split(')')
+            linesplit = re.split(r"\w+\(", line)[1].split(")")
             vpp_processes[linesplit[0]] = linesplit[1]
 
-        cpuinfo['vpp_processes'] = vpp_processes
+        cpuinfo["vpp_processes"] = vpp_processes
 
         return cpuinfo
diff --git a/extras/vpp_config/vpplib/QemuUtils.py b/extras/vpp_config/vpplib/QemuUtils.py
index 0b7e08b12d8..e1da7ae72bf 100644
--- a/extras/vpp_config/vpplib/QemuUtils.py
+++ b/extras/vpp_config/vpplib/QemuUtils.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 """QEMU utilities library."""
-from  __future__ import absolute_import, division
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division
 
 from time import time, sleep
 import json
@@ -24,12 +24,13 @@ from vpplib.constants import Constants
 
 class NodeType(object):
     """Defines node types used in topology dictionaries."""
+
     # Device Under Test (this node has VPP running on it)
-    DUT = 'DUT'
+    DUT = "DUT"
     # Traffic Generator (this node has traffic generator on it)
-    TG = 'TG'
+    TG = "TG"
     # Virtual Machine (this node running on DUT node)
-    VM = 'VM'
+    VM = "VM"
 
 
 class QemuUtils(object):
@@ -39,43 +40,46 @@ class QemuUtils(object):
     def __init__(self, qemu_id=1):
         self._qemu_id = qemu_id
         # Path to QEMU binary
-        self._qemu_bin = '/usr/bin/qemu-system-x86_64'
+        self._qemu_bin = "/usr/bin/qemu-system-x86_64"
         # QEMU Machine Protocol socket
-        self._qmp_sock = '/tmp/qmp{0}.sock'.format(self._qemu_id)
+        self._qmp_sock = "/tmp/qmp{0}.sock".format(self._qemu_id)
         # QEMU Guest Agent socket
-        self._qga_sock = '/tmp/qga{0}.sock'.format(self._qemu_id)
+        self._qga_sock = "/tmp/qga{0}.sock".format(self._qemu_id)
         # QEMU PID file
-        self._pid_file = '/tmp/qemu{0}.pid'.format(self._qemu_id)
+        self._pid_file = "/tmp/qemu{0}.pid".format(self._qemu_id)
         self._qemu_opt = {}
         # Default 1 CPU.
-        self._qemu_opt['smp'] = '-smp 1,sockets=1,cores=1,threads=1'
+        self._qemu_opt["smp"] = "-smp 1,sockets=1,cores=1,threads=1"
         # Daemonize the QEMU process after initialization. Default one
         # management interface.
-        self._qemu_opt['options'] = '-cpu host -daemonize -enable-kvm ' \
-            '-machine pc,accel=kvm,usb=off,mem-merge=off ' \
-            '-net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:00:{0:02x}:ff -balloon none'\
-            .format(self._qemu_id)
-        self._qemu_opt['ssh_fwd_port'] = 10021 + qemu_id
+        self._qemu_opt["options"] = (
+            "-cpu host -daemonize -enable-kvm "
+            "-machine pc,accel=kvm,usb=off,mem-merge=off "
+            "-net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:00:{0:02x}:ff -balloon none".format(
+                self._qemu_id
+            )
+        )
+        self._qemu_opt["ssh_fwd_port"] = 10021 + qemu_id
         # Default serial console port
-        self._qemu_opt['serial_port'] = 4555 + qemu_id
+        self._qemu_opt["serial_port"] = 4555 + qemu_id
         # Default 512MB virtual RAM
-        self._qemu_opt['mem_size'] = 512
+        self._qemu_opt["mem_size"] = 512
         # Default huge page mount point, required for Vhost-user interfaces.
-        self._qemu_opt['huge_mnt'] = '/mnt/huge'
+        self._qemu_opt["huge_mnt"] = "/mnt/huge"
         # Default do not allocate huge pages.
-        self._qemu_opt['huge_allocate'] = False
+        self._qemu_opt["huge_allocate"] = False
         # Default image for CSIT virl setup
-        self._qemu_opt['disk_image'] = '/var/lib/vm/vhost-nested.img'
+        self._qemu_opt["disk_image"] = "/var/lib/vm/vhost-nested.img"
         # VM node info dict
         self._vm_info = {
-            'type': NodeType.VM,
-            'port': self._qemu_opt['ssh_fwd_port'],
-            'username': 'cisco',
-            'password': 'cisco',
-            'interfaces': {},
+            "type": NodeType.VM,
+            "port": self._qemu_opt["ssh_fwd_port"],
+            "username": "cisco",
+            "password": "cisco",
+            "interfaces": {},
         }
         # Virtio queue count
-        self._qemu_opt['queues'] = 1
+        self._qemu_opt["queues"] = 1
         self._vhost_id = 0
         self._ssh = None
         self._node = None
@@ -101,9 +105,9 @@ class QemuUtils(object):
         :type threads: int
         :type sockets: int
         """
-        self._qemu_opt['smp'] = \
-            '-smp {},cores={},threads={},sockets={}'.format(
-                cpus, cores, threads, sockets)
+        self._qemu_opt["smp"] = "-smp {},cores={},threads={},sockets={}".format(
+            cpus, cores, threads, sockets
+        )
 
     def qemu_set_ssh_fwd_port(self, fwd_port):
         """Set host port for guest SSH forwarding.
@@ -111,8 +115,8 @@ class QemuUtils(object):
         :param fwd_port: Port number on host for guest SSH forwarding.
         :type fwd_port: int
         """
-        self._qemu_opt['ssh_fwd_port'] = fwd_port
-        self._vm_info['port'] = fwd_port
+        self._qemu_opt["ssh_fwd_port"] = fwd_port
+        self._vm_info["port"] = fwd_port
 
     def qemu_set_serial_port(self, port):
         """Set serial console port.
@@ -120,7 +124,7 @@ class QemuUtils(object):
         :param port: Serial console port.
         :type port: int
         """
-        self._qemu_opt['serial_port'] = port
+        self._qemu_opt["serial_port"] = port
 
     def qemu_set_mem_size(self, mem_size):
         """Set virtual RAM size.
@@ -128,7 +132,7 @@ class QemuUtils(object):
         :param mem_size: RAM size in Mega Bytes.
         :type mem_size: int
         """
-        self._qemu_opt['mem_size'] = int(mem_size)
+        self._qemu_opt["mem_size"] = int(mem_size)
 
     def qemu_set_huge_mnt(self, huge_mnt):
         """Set hugefile mount point.
@@ -136,11 +140,11 @@ class QemuUtils(object):
         :param huge_mnt: System hugefile mount point.
         :type huge_mnt: int
         """
-        self._qemu_opt['huge_mnt'] = huge_mnt
+        self._qemu_opt["huge_mnt"] = huge_mnt
 
     def qemu_set_huge_allocate(self):
         """Set flag to allocate more huge pages if needed."""
-        self._qemu_opt['huge_allocate'] = True
+        self._qemu_opt["huge_allocate"] = True
 
     def qemu_set_disk_image(self, disk_image):
         """Set disk image.
@@ -148,7 +152,7 @@ class QemuUtils(object):
         :param disk_image: Path of the disk image.
         :type disk_image: str
         """
-        self._qemu_opt['disk_image'] = disk_image
+        self._qemu_opt["disk_image"] = disk_image
 
     def qemu_set_affinity(self, *host_cpus):
         """Set qemu affinity by getting thread PIDs via QMP and taskset to list
@@ -157,36 +161,41 @@ class QemuUtils(object):
         :param host_cpus: List of CPU cores.
         :type host_cpus: list
         """
-        qemu_cpus = self._qemu_qmp_exec('query-cpus')['return']
+        qemu_cpus = self._qemu_qmp_exec("query-cpus")["return"]
 
         if len(qemu_cpus) != len(host_cpus):
-            logging.debug('Host CPU count {0}, Qemu Thread count {1}'.format(
-                len(host_cpus), len(qemu_cpus)))
-            raise ValueError('Host CPU count must match Qemu Thread count')
+            logging.debug(
+                "Host CPU count {0}, Qemu Thread count {1}".format(
+                    len(host_cpus), len(qemu_cpus)
+                )
+            )
+            raise ValueError("Host CPU count must match Qemu Thread count")
 
         for qemu_cpu, host_cpu in zip(qemu_cpus, host_cpus):
-            cmd = 'taskset -pc {0} {1}'.format(host_cpu, qemu_cpu['thread_id'])
+            cmd = "taskset -pc {0} {1}".format(host_cpu, qemu_cpu["thread_id"])
             (ret_code, _, stderr) = self._ssh.exec_command_sudo(cmd)
             if int(ret_code) != 0:
-                logging.debug('Set affinity failed {0}'.format(stderr))
-                raise RuntimeError('Set affinity failed on {0}'.format(
-                    self._node['host']))
+                logging.debug("Set affinity failed {0}".format(stderr))
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "Set affinity failed on {0}".format(self._node["host"])
+                )
 
     def qemu_set_scheduler_policy(self):
         """Set scheduler policy to SCHED_RR with priority 1 for all Qemu CPU
-        processes.
+         processes.
 
-       :raises RuntimeError: Set scheduler policy failed.
+        :raises RuntimeError: Set scheduler policy failed.
         """
-        qemu_cpus = self._qemu_qmp_exec('query-cpus')['return']
+        qemu_cpus = self._qemu_qmp_exec("query-cpus")["return"]
 
         for qemu_cpu in qemu_cpus:
-            cmd = 'chrt -r -p 1 {0}'.format(qemu_cpu['thread_id'])
+            cmd = "chrt -r -p 1 {0}".format(qemu_cpu["thread_id"])
             (ret_code, _, stderr) = self._ssh.exec_command_sudo(cmd)
             if int(ret_code) != 0:
-                logging.debug('Set SCHED_RR failed {0}'.format(stderr))
-                raise RuntimeError('Set SCHED_RR failed on {0}'.format(
-                    self._node['host']))
+                logging.debug("Set SCHED_RR failed {0}".format(stderr))
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "Set SCHED_RR failed on {0}".format(self._node["host"])
+                )
 
     def qemu_set_node(self, node):
         """Set node to run QEMU on.
@@ -195,7 +204,7 @@ class QemuUtils(object):
         :type node: dict
         """
         self._node = node
-        self._vm_info['host'] = node['host']
+        self._vm_info["host"] = node["host"]
 
     def qemu_add_vhost_user_if(self, socket, server=True, mac=None):
         """Add Vhost-user interface.
@@ -210,31 +219,33 @@ class QemuUtils(object):
         """
         self._vhost_id += 1
         # Create unix socket character device.
-        chardev = ' -chardev socket,id=char{0},path={1}'.format(self._vhost_id,
-                                                                socket)
+        chardev = " -chardev socket,id=char{0},path={1}".format(self._vhost_id, socket)
         if server is True:
-            chardev += ',server'
-        self._qemu_opt['options'] += chardev
+            chardev += ",server"
+        self._qemu_opt["options"] += chardev
         # Create Vhost-user network backend.
-        netdev = (' -netdev vhost-user,id=vhost{0},chardev=char{0},queues={1}'
-                  .format(self._vhost_id, self._qemu_opt['queues']))
-        self._qemu_opt['options'] += netdev
+        netdev = " -netdev vhost-user,id=vhost{0},chardev=char{0},queues={1}".format(
+            self._vhost_id, self._qemu_opt["queues"]
+        )
+        self._qemu_opt["options"] += netdev
         # If MAC is not specified use auto-generated MAC address based on
         # template 52:54:00:00::, e.g. vhost1 MAC of QEMU
         #  with ID 1 is 52:54:00:00:01:01
         if mac is None:
-            mac = '52:54:00:00:{0:02x}:{1:02x}'.\
-                format(self._qemu_id, self._vhost_id)
-        extend_options = 'mq=on,csum=off,gso=off,guest_tso4=off,'\
-            'guest_tso6=off,guest_ecn=off,mrg_rxbuf=off'
+            mac = "52:54:00:00:{0:02x}:{1:02x}".format(self._qemu_id, self._vhost_id)
+        extend_options = (
+            "mq=on,csum=off,gso=off,guest_tso4=off,"
+            "guest_tso6=off,guest_ecn=off,mrg_rxbuf=off"
+        )
         # Create Virtio network device.
-        device = ' -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=vhost{0},mac={1},{2}'.format(
-            self._vhost_id, mac, extend_options)
-        self._qemu_opt['options'] += device
+        device = " -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=vhost{0},mac={1},{2}".format(
+            self._vhost_id, mac, extend_options
+        )
+        self._qemu_opt["options"] += device
         # Add interface MAC and socket to the node dict
-        if_data = {'mac_address': mac, 'socket': socket}
-        if_name = 'vhost{}'.format(self._vhost_id)
-        self._vm_info['interfaces'][if_name] = if_data
+        if_data = {"mac_address": mac, "socket": socket}
+        if_name = "vhost{}".format(self._vhost_id)
+        self._vm_info["interfaces"][if_name] = if_data
         # Add socket to the socket list
         self._socks.append(socket)
 
@@ -250,41 +261,44 @@ class QemuUtils(object):
             response will contain the "error" keyword instead of "return".
         """
         # To enter command mode, the qmp_capabilities command must be issued.
-        qmp_cmd = 'echo "{ \\"execute\\": \\"qmp_capabilities\\" }' \
-                  '{ \\"execute\\": \\"' + cmd + \
-                  '\\" }" | sudo -S socat - UNIX-CONNECT:' + self._qmp_sock
+        qmp_cmd = (
+            'echo "{ \\"execute\\": \\"qmp_capabilities\\" }'
+            '{ \\"execute\\": \\"'
+            + cmd
+            + '\\" }" | sudo -S socat - UNIX-CONNECT:'
+            + self._qmp_sock
+        )
 
         (ret_code, stdout, stderr) = self._ssh.exec_command(qmp_cmd)
         if int(ret_code) != 0:
-            logging.debug('QMP execute failed {0}'.format(stderr))
-            raise RuntimeError('QMP execute "{0}"'
-                               ' failed on {1}'.format(
-                cmd, self._node['host']))
+            logging.debug("QMP execute failed {0}".format(stderr))
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                'QMP execute "{0}"' " failed on {1}".format(cmd, self._node["host"])
+            )
         logging.debug(stdout)
         # Skip capabilities negotiation messages.
         out_list = stdout.splitlines()
         if len(out_list) < 3:
-            raise RuntimeError('Invalid QMP output on {0}'.format(
-                self._node['host']))
+            raise RuntimeError("Invalid QMP output on {0}".format(self._node["host"]))
         return json.loads(out_list[2])
 
     def _qemu_qga_flush(self):
-        """Flush the QGA parser state
-        """
-        qga_cmd = '(printf "\xFF"; sleep 1) | ' \
-                  'sudo -S socat - UNIX-CONNECT:' + \
-                  self._qga_sock
+        """Flush the QGA parser state"""
+        qga_cmd = (
+            '(printf "\xFF"; sleep 1) | '
+            "sudo -S socat - UNIX-CONNECT:" + self._qga_sock
+        )
         # TODO: probably need something else
         (ret_code, stdout, stderr) = self._ssh.exec_command(qga_cmd)
         if int(ret_code) != 0:
-            logging.debug('QGA execute failed {0}'.format(stderr))
-            raise RuntimeError('QGA execute "{0}" '
-                               'failed on {1}'.format(qga_cmd,
-                                                      self._node['host']))
+            logging.debug("QGA execute failed {0}".format(stderr))
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                'QGA execute "{0}" ' "failed on {1}".format(qga_cmd, self._node["host"])
+            )
         logging.debug(stdout)
         if not stdout:
             return {}
-        return json.loads(stdout.split('\n', 1)[0])
+        return json.loads(stdout.split("\n", 1)[0])
 
     def _qemu_qga_exec(self, cmd):
         """Execute QGA command.
@@ -294,20 +308,22 @@ class QemuUtils(object):
         :param cmd: QGA command to execute.
         :type cmd: str
         """
-        qga_cmd = '(echo "{ \\"execute\\": \\"' + \
-                  cmd + \
-                  '\\" }"; sleep 1) | sudo -S socat - UNIX-CONNECT:' + \
-                  self._qga_sock
+        qga_cmd = (
+            '(echo "{ \\"execute\\": \\"'
+            + cmd
+            + '\\" }"; sleep 1) | sudo -S socat - UNIX-CONNECT:'
+            + self._qga_sock
+        )
         (ret_code, stdout, stderr) = self._ssh.exec_command(qga_cmd)
         if int(ret_code) != 0:
-            logging.debug('QGA execute failed {0}'.format(stderr))
-            raise RuntimeError('QGA execute "{0}"'
-                               ' failed on {1}'.format(
-                cmd, self._node['host']))
+            logging.debug("QGA execute failed {0}".format(stderr))
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                'QGA execute "{0}"' " failed on {1}".format(cmd, self._node["host"])
+            )
         logging.debug(stdout)
         if not stdout:
             return {}
-        return json.loads(stdout.split('\n', 1)[0])
+        return json.loads(stdout.split("\n", 1)[0])
 
     def _wait_until_vm_boot(self, timeout=60):
         """Wait until QEMU VM is booted.
@@ -320,65 +336,69 @@ class QemuUtils(object):
         start = time()
         while True:
             if time() - start > timeout:
-                raise RuntimeError('timeout, VM {0} not booted on {1}'.format(
-                    self._qemu_opt['disk_image'], self._node['host']))
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "timeout, VM {0} not booted on {1}".format(
+                        self._qemu_opt["disk_image"], self._node["host"]
+                    )
+                )
             out = None
             try:
                 self._qemu_qga_flush()
-                out = self._qemu_qga_exec('guest-ping')
+                out = self._qemu_qga_exec("guest-ping")
             except ValueError:
-                logging.debug(
-                    'QGA guest-ping unexpected output {}'.format(out))
+                logging.debug("QGA guest-ping unexpected output {}".format(out))
             # Empty output - VM not booted yet
             if not out:
                 sleep(5)
             # Non-error return - VM booted
-            elif out.get('return') is not None:
+            elif out.get("return") is not None:
                 break
             # Skip error and wait
-            elif out.get('error') is not None:
+            elif out.get("error") is not None:
                 sleep(5)
             else:
                 # If there is an unexpected output from QGA guest-info, try
                 # again until timeout.
-                logging.debug(
-                    'QGA guest-ping unexpected output {}'.format(out))
+                logging.debug("QGA guest-ping unexpected output {}".format(out))
 
         logging.debug(
-            'VM {0} booted on {1}'.format(self._qemu_opt['disk_image'],
-                                          self._node['host']))
+            "VM {0} booted on {1}".format(
+                self._qemu_opt["disk_image"], self._node["host"]
+            )
+        )
 
     def _update_vm_interfaces(self):
         """Update interface names in VM node dict."""
         # Send guest-network-get-interfaces command via QGA, output example:
         # {"return": [{"name": "eth0", "hardware-address": "52:54:00:00:04:01"},
         # {"name": "eth1", "hardware-address": "52:54:00:00:04:02"}]}
-        out = self._qemu_qga_exec('guest-network-get-interfaces')
-        interfaces = out.get('return')
+        out = self._qemu_qga_exec("guest-network-get-interfaces")
+        interfaces = out.get("return")
         mac_name = {}
         if not interfaces:
             raise RuntimeError(
-                'Get VM {0} interface list failed on {1}'.format(
-                    self._qemu_opt['disk_image'], self._node['host']))
+                "Get VM {0} interface list failed on {1}".format(
+                    self._qemu_opt["disk_image"], self._node["host"]
+                )
+            )
         # Create MAC-name dict
         for interface in interfaces:
-            if 'hardware-address' not in interface:
+            if "hardware-address" not in interface:
                 continue
-            mac_name[interface['hardware-address']] = interface['name']
+            mac_name[interface["hardware-address"]] = interface["name"]
         # Match interface by MAC and save interface name
-        for interface in self._vm_info['interfaces'].values():
-            mac = interface.get('mac_address')
+        for interface in self._vm_info["interfaces"].values():
+            mac = interface.get("mac_address")
             if_name = mac_name.get(mac)
             if if_name is None:
-                logging.debug(
-                    'Interface name for MAC {} not found'.format(mac))
+                logging.debug("Interface name for MAC {} not found".format(mac))
             else:
-                interface['name'] = if_name
+                interface["name"] = if_name
 
     def _huge_page_check(self, allocate=False):
         """Huge page check."""
-        huge_mnt = self._qemu_opt.get('huge_mnt')
-        mem_size = self._qemu_opt.get('mem_size')
+        huge_mnt = self._qemu_opt.get("huge_mnt")
+        mem_size = self._qemu_opt.get("mem_size")
 
         # Get huge pages information
         huge_size = self._get_huge_page_size()
@@ -391,55 +411,55 @@ class QemuUtils(object):
             if allocate:
                 mem_needed = abs((huge_free * huge_size) - (mem_size * 1024))
                 huge_to_allocate = ((mem_needed // huge_size) * 2) + huge_total
-                max_map_count = huge_to_allocate*4
+                max_map_count = huge_to_allocate * 4
                 # Increase maximum number of memory map areas a
                 # process may have
-                cmd = \
-                    'echo "{0}" | sudo tee /proc/sys/vm/max_map_count'.format(
-                    max_map_count)
+                cmd = 'echo "{0}" | sudo tee /proc/sys/vm/max_map_count'.format(
+                    max_map_count
+                )
                 (ret_code, _, stderr) = self._ssh.exec_command_sudo(cmd)
                 # Increase hugepage count
-                cmd = \
-                    'echo "{0}" | sudo tee /proc/sys/vm/nr_hugepages'.format(
-                    huge_to_allocate)
+                cmd = 'echo "{0}" | sudo tee /proc/sys/vm/nr_hugepages'.format(
+                    huge_to_allocate
+                )
                 (ret_code, _, stderr) = self._ssh.exec_command_sudo(cmd)
                 if int(ret_code) != 0:
-                    logging.debug(
-                        'Mount huge pages failed {0}'.format(stderr))
+                    logging.debug("Mount huge pages failed {0}".format(stderr))
                     raise RuntimeError(
-                        'Mount huge pages failed on {0}'.format(
-                            self._node['host']))
+                        "Mount huge pages failed on {0}".format(self._node["host"])
+                    )
             # If we do not want to allocate dynamicaly end with error
             else:
                 raise RuntimeError(
-                    'Not enough free huge pages: {0}, '
-                    '{1} MB'.format(huge_free, huge_free * huge_size)
+                    "Not enough free huge pages: {0}, "
+                    "{1} MB".format(huge_free, huge_free * huge_size)
                 )
         # Check if huge pages mount point exist
         has_huge_mnt = False
-        (_, output, _) = self._ssh.exec_command('cat /proc/mounts')
+        (_, output, _) = self._ssh.exec_command("cat /proc/mounts")
         for line in output.splitlines():
             # Try to find something like:
             # none /mnt/huge hugetlbfs rw,relatime,pagesize=2048k 0 0
             mount = line.split()
-            if mount[2] == 'hugetlbfs' and mount[1] == huge_mnt:
+            if mount[2] == "hugetlbfs" and mount[1] == huge_mnt:
                 has_huge_mnt = True
                 break
         # If huge page mount point not exist create one
         if not has_huge_mnt:
-            cmd = 'mkdir -p {0}'.format(huge_mnt)
+            cmd = "mkdir -p {0}".format(huge_mnt)
             (ret_code, _, stderr) = self._ssh.exec_command_sudo(cmd)
             if int(ret_code) != 0:
-                logging.debug('Create mount dir failed: {0}'.format(stderr))
-                raise RuntimeError('Create mount dir failed on {0}'.format(
-                    self._node['host']))
-            cmd = 'mount -t hugetlbfs -o pagesize=2048k none {0}'.format(
-                huge_mnt)
+                logging.debug("Create mount dir failed: {0}".format(stderr))
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "Create mount dir failed on {0}".format(self._node["host"])
+                )
+            cmd = "mount -t hugetlbfs -o pagesize=2048k none {0}".format(huge_mnt)
             (ret_code, _, stderr) = self._ssh.exec_command_sudo(cmd)
             if int(ret_code) != 0:
-                logging.debug('Mount huge pages failed {0}'.format(stderr))
-                raise RuntimeError('Mount huge pages failed on {0}'.format(
-                    self._node['host']))
+                logging.debug("Mount huge pages failed {0}".format(stderr))
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "Mount huge pages failed on {0}".format(self._node["host"])
+                )
 
     def _get_huge_page_size(self):
         """Get default size of huge pages in system.
@@ -456,11 +476,11 @@ class QemuUtils(object):
                 try:
                     huge_size = int(out)
                 except ValueError:
-                    logging.debug('Reading huge page size information failed')
+                    logging.debug("Reading huge page size information failed")
                 else:
                     break
         else:
-            raise RuntimeError('Getting huge page size information failed.')
+            raise RuntimeError("Getting huge page size information failed.")
         return huge_size
 
     def _get_huge_page_free(self, huge_size):
@@ -474,20 +494,21 @@ class QemuUtils(object):
         """
         # TODO: add numa aware option
         # TODO: remove to dedicated library
-        cmd_huge_free = 'cat /sys/kernel/mm/hugepages/hugepages-{0}kB/'\
-            'free_hugepages'.format(huge_size)
+        cmd_huge_free = (
+            "cat /sys/kernel/mm/hugepages/hugepages-{0}kB/"
+            "free_hugepages".format(huge_size)
+        )
         for _ in range(3):
             (ret, out, _) = self._ssh.exec_command_sudo(cmd_huge_free)
             if ret == 0:
                 try:
                     huge_free = int(out)
                 except ValueError:
-                    logging.debug(
-                        'Reading free huge pages information failed')
+                    logging.debug("Reading free huge pages information failed")
                 else:
                     break
         else:
-            raise RuntimeError('Getting free huge pages information failed.')
+            raise RuntimeError("Getting free huge pages information failed.")
         return huge_free
 
     def _get_huge_page_total(self, huge_size):
@@ -501,20 +522,21 @@ class QemuUtils(object):
         """
         # TODO: add numa aware option
         # TODO: remove to dedicated library
-        cmd_huge_total = 'cat /sys/kernel/mm/hugepages/hugepages-{0}kB/'\
-            'nr_hugepages'.format(huge_size)
+        cmd_huge_total = (
+            "cat /sys/kernel/mm/hugepages/hugepages-{0}kB/"
+            "nr_hugepages".format(huge_size)
+        )
         for _ in range(3):
             (ret, out, _) = self._ssh.exec_command_sudo(cmd_huge_total)
             if ret == 0:
                 try:
                     huge_total = int(out)
                 except ValueError:
-                    logging.debug(
-                        'Reading total huge pages information failed')
+                    logging.debug("Reading total huge pages information failed")
                 else:
                     break
         else:
-            raise RuntimeError('Getting total huge pages information failed.')
+            raise RuntimeError("Getting total huge pages information failed.")
         return huge_total
 
     def qemu_start(self):
@@ -526,45 +548,63 @@ class QemuUtils(object):
         .. warning:: Starts only one VM on the node.
         """
         # SSH forwarding
-        ssh_fwd = '-net user,hostfwd=tcp::{0}-:22'.format(
-            self._qemu_opt.get('ssh_fwd_port'))
+        ssh_fwd = "-net user,hostfwd=tcp::{0}-:22".format(
+            self._qemu_opt.get("ssh_fwd_port")
+        )
         # Memory and huge pages
-        mem = '-object memory-backend-file,id=mem,size={0}M,mem-path={1},' \
-            'share=on -m {0} -numa node,memdev=mem'.format(
-                self._qemu_opt.get('mem_size'), self._qemu_opt.get('huge_mnt'))
+        mem = (
+            "-object memory-backend-file,id=mem,size={0}M,mem-path={1},"
+            "share=on -m {0} -numa node,memdev=mem".format(
+                self._qemu_opt.get("mem_size"), self._qemu_opt.get("huge_mnt")
+            )
+        )
 
         # By default check only if hugepages are available.
         # If 'huge_allocate' is set to true try to allocate as well.
-        self._huge_page_check(allocate=self._qemu_opt.get('huge_allocate'))
+        self._huge_page_check(allocate=self._qemu_opt.get("huge_allocate"))
 
         # Disk option
-        drive = '-drive file={0},format=raw,cache=none,if=virtio'.format(
-            self._qemu_opt.get('disk_image'))
+        drive = "-drive file={0},format=raw,cache=none,if=virtio".format(
+            self._qemu_opt.get("disk_image")
+        )
         # Setup QMP via unix socket
-        qmp = '-qmp unix:{0},server,nowait'.format(self._qmp_sock)
+        qmp = "-qmp unix:{0},server,nowait".format(self._qmp_sock)
         # Setup serial console
-        serial = '-chardev socket,host=127.0.0.1,port={0},id=gnc0,server,' \
-            'nowait -device isa-serial,chardev=gnc0'.format(
-                self._qemu_opt.get('serial_port'))
+        serial = (
+            "-chardev socket,host=127.0.0.1,port={0},id=gnc0,server,"
+            "nowait -device isa-serial,chardev=gnc0".format(
+                self._qemu_opt.get("serial_port")
+            )
+        )
         # Setup QGA via chardev (unix socket) and isa-serial channel
-        qga = '-chardev socket,path={0},server,nowait,id=qga0 ' \
-            '-device isa-serial,chardev=qga0'.format(self._qga_sock)
+        qga = (
+            "-chardev socket,path={0},server,nowait,id=qga0 "
+            "-device isa-serial,chardev=qga0".format(self._qga_sock)
+        )
         # Graphic setup
-        graphic = '-monitor none -display none -vga none'
+        graphic = "-monitor none -display none -vga none"
         # PID file
-        pid = '-pidfile {}'.format(self._pid_file)
+        pid = "-pidfile {}".format(self._pid_file)
 
         # Run QEMU
-        cmd = '{0} {1} {2} {3} {4} {5} {6} {7} {8} {9} {10}'.format(
-            self._qemu_bin, self._qemu_opt.get('smp'), mem, ssh_fwd,
-            self._qemu_opt.get('options'),
-            drive, qmp, serial, qga, graphic, pid)
+        cmd = "{0} {1} {2} {3} {4} {5} {6} {7} {8} {9} {10}".format(
+            self._qemu_bin,
+            self._qemu_opt.get("smp"),
+            mem,
+            ssh_fwd,
+            self._qemu_opt.get("options"),
+            drive,
+            qmp,
+            serial,
+            qga,
+            graphic,
+            pid,
+        )
         (ret_code, _, stderr) = self._ssh.exec_command_sudo(cmd, timeout=300)
         if int(ret_code) != 0:
-            logging.debug('QEMU start failed {0}'.format(stderr))
-            raise RuntimeError('QEMU start failed on {0}'.format(
-                self._node['host']))
-        logging.debug('QEMU running')
+            logging.debug("QEMU start failed {0}".format(stderr))
+            raise RuntimeError("QEMU start failed on {0}".format(self._node["host"]))
+        logging.debug("QEMU running")
         # Wait until VM boot
         try:
             self._wait_until_vm_boot()
@@ -579,40 +619,43 @@ class QemuUtils(object):
 
     def qemu_quit(self):
         """Quit the QEMU emulator."""
-        out = self._qemu_qmp_exec('quit')
-        err = out.get('error')
+        out = self._qemu_qmp_exec("quit")
+        err = out.get("error")
         if err is not None:
-            raise RuntimeError('QEMU quit failed on {0}, error: {1}'.format(
-                self._node['host'], json.dumps(err)))
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "QEMU quit failed on {0}, error: {1}".format(
+                    self._node["host"], json.dumps(err)
+                )
+            )
 
     def qemu_system_powerdown(self):
         """Power down the system (if supported)."""
-        out = self._qemu_qmp_exec('system_powerdown')
-        err = out.get('error')
+        out = self._qemu_qmp_exec("system_powerdown")
+        err = out.get("error")
         if err is not None:
             raise RuntimeError(
-                'QEMU system powerdown failed on {0}, '
-                'error: {1}'.format(self._node['host'], json.dumps(err))
+                "QEMU system powerdown failed on {0}, "
+                "error: {1}".format(self._node["host"], json.dumps(err))
             )
 
     def qemu_system_reset(self):
         """Reset the system."""
-        out = self._qemu_qmp_exec('system_reset')
-        err = out.get('error')
+        out = self._qemu_qmp_exec("system_reset")
+        err = out.get("error")
         if err is not None:
             raise RuntimeError(
-                'QEMU system reset failed on {0}, '
-                'error: {1}'.format(self._node['host'], json.dumps(err)))
+                "QEMU system reset failed on {0}, "
+                "error: {1}".format(self._node["host"], json.dumps(err))
+            )
 
     def qemu_kill(self):
         """Kill qemu process."""
         # Note: in QEMU start phase there are 3 QEMU processes because we
         # daemonize QEMU
-        self._ssh.exec_command_sudo('chmod +r {}'.format(self._pid_file))
-        self._ssh.exec_command_sudo('kill -SIGKILL $(cat {})'
-                                    .format(self._pid_file))
+        self._ssh.exec_command_sudo("chmod +r {}".format(self._pid_file))
+        self._ssh.exec_command_sudo("kill -SIGKILL $(cat {})".format(self._pid_file))
         # Delete PID file
-        cmd = 'rm -f {}'.format(self._pid_file)
+        cmd = "rm -f {}".format(self._pid_file)
         self._ssh.exec_command_sudo(cmd)
 
     def qemu_kill_all(self, node=None):
@@ -623,16 +666,16 @@ class QemuUtils(object):
         """
         if node:
             self.qemu_set_node(node)
-        self._ssh.exec_command_sudo('pkill -SIGKILL qemu')
+        self._ssh.exec_command_sudo("pkill -SIGKILL qemu")
 
     def qemu_clear_socks(self):
         """Remove all sockets created by QEMU."""
         # If serial console port still open kill process
-        cmd = 'fuser -k {}/tcp'.format(self._qemu_opt.get('serial_port'))
+        cmd = "fuser -k {}/tcp".format(self._qemu_opt.get("serial_port"))
         self._ssh.exec_command_sudo(cmd)
         # Delete all created sockets
         for sock in self._socks:
-            cmd = 'rm -f {}'.format(sock)
+            cmd = "rm -f {}".format(sock)
             self._ssh.exec_command_sudo(cmd)
 
     def qemu_system_status(self):
@@ -659,15 +702,16 @@ class QemuUtils(object):
         :return: VM status.
         :rtype: str
         """
-        out = self._qemu_qmp_exec('query-status')
-        ret = out.get('return')
+        out = self._qemu_qmp_exec("query-status")
+        ret = out.get("return")
         if ret is not None:
-            return ret.get('status')
+            return ret.get("status")
         else:
-            err = out.get('error')
+            err = out.get("error")
             raise RuntimeError(
-                'QEMU query-status failed on {0}, '
-                'error: {1}'.format(self._node['host'], json.dumps(err)))
+                "QEMU query-status failed on {0}, "
+                "error: {1}".format(self._node["host"], json.dumps(err))
+            )
 
     @staticmethod
     def build_qemu(node, force_install=False, apply_patch=False):
@@ -682,17 +726,23 @@ class QemuUtils(object):
         :raises: RuntimeError if building QEMU failed.
         """
 
-        directory = ' --directory={0}'.format(Constants.QEMU_INSTALL_DIR)
-        version = ' --version={0}'.format(Constants.QEMU_INSTALL_VERSION)
-        force = ' --force' if force_install else ''
-        patch = ' --patch' if apply_patch else ''
+        directory = " --directory={0}".format(Constants.QEMU_INSTALL_DIR)
+        version = " --version={0}".format(Constants.QEMU_INSTALL_VERSION)
+        force = " --force" if force_install else ""
+        patch = " --patch" if apply_patch else ""
 
-        (ret_code, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil. \
-            exec_command(
-            "sudo -E sh -c '{0}/{1}/qemu_build.sh{2}{3}{4}{5}'".
-                format(Constants.REMOTE_FW_DIR, Constants.RESOURCES_LIB_SH,
-                       version, directory, force, patch), 1000)
+        (ret_code, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command(
+            "sudo -E sh -c '{0}/{1}/qemu_build.sh{2}{3}{4}{5}'".format(
+                Constants.REMOTE_FW_DIR,
+                Constants.RESOURCES_LIB_SH,
+                version,
+                directory,
+                force,
+                patch,
+            ),
+            1000,
+        )
 
         if int(ret_code) != 0:
-            logging.debug('QEMU build failed {0}'.format(stdout + stderr))
-            raise RuntimeError('QEMU build failed on {0}'.format(node['host']))
+            logging.debug("QEMU build failed {0}".format(stdout + stderr))
+            raise RuntimeError("QEMU build failed on {0}".format(node["host"]))
diff --git a/extras/vpp_config/vpplib/VPPUtil.py b/extras/vpp_config/vpplib/VPPUtil.py
index 97747a31ca5..711f1032d96 100644
--- a/extras/vpp_config/vpplib/VPPUtil.py
+++ b/extras/vpp_config/vpplib/VPPUtil.py
@@ -23,15 +23,53 @@ from collections import Counter
 
 import distro
 
-ubuntu_pkgs = {'release': ['vpp', 'vpp-plugin-core', 'vpp-plugin-dpdk', 'vpp-api-python', 'python3-vpp-api',
-                           'vpp-dbg', 'vpp-dev', 'vpp-ext-deps'],
-               'master': ['vpp', 'vpp-plugin-core', 'vpp-plugin-dpdk', 'vpp-api-python', 'python3-vpp-api',
-                          'vpp-dbg', 'vpp-dev', 'vpp-ext-deps']}
+ubuntu_pkgs = {
+    "release": [
+        "vpp",
+        "vpp-plugin-core",
+        "vpp-plugin-dpdk",
+        "vpp-api-python",
+        "python3-vpp-api",
+        "vpp-dbg",
+        "vpp-dev",
+        "vpp-ext-deps",
+    ],
+    "master": [
+        "vpp",
+        "vpp-plugin-core",
+        "vpp-plugin-dpdk",
+        "vpp-api-python",
+        "python3-vpp-api",
+        "vpp-dbg",
+        "vpp-dev",
+        "vpp-ext-deps",
+    ],
+}
 
-centos_pkgs = {'release': ['vpp', 'vpp-selinux-policy', 'vpp-plugins', 'vpp-api-lua',
-                           'vpp-api-python', 'vpp-debuginfo', 'vpp-devel', 'libvpp0', 'vpp-ext-deps'],
-               'master': ['vpp', 'vpp-selinux-policy', 'vpp-plugins', 'vpp-api-lua',
-                          'vpp-api-python', 'vpp-debuginfo', 'vpp-devel', 'libvpp0', 'vpp-ext-deps']}
+centos_pkgs = {
+    "release": [
+        "vpp",
+        "vpp-selinux-policy",
+        "vpp-plugins",
+        "vpp-api-lua",
+        "vpp-api-python",
+        "vpp-debuginfo",
+        "vpp-devel",
+        "libvpp0",
+        "vpp-ext-deps",
+    ],
+    "master": [
+        "vpp",
+        "vpp-selinux-policy",
+        "vpp-plugins",
+        "vpp-api-lua",
+        "vpp-api-python",
+        "vpp-debuginfo",
+        "vpp-devel",
+        "libvpp0",
+        "vpp-ext-deps",
+    ],
+}
 
 
 class VPPUtil(object):
@@ -50,19 +88,23 @@ class VPPUtil(object):
         """
 
         logging.info(" Local Command: {}".format(cmd))
-        out = ''
-        err = ''
-        prc = subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True, bufsize=1,
-                               stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
-                               stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
-                               stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+        out = ""
+        err = ""
+        prc = subprocess.Popen(
+            cmd,
+            shell=True,
+            bufsize=1,
+            stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+            stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+        )
 
         with prc.stdout:
             lines = prc.stdout.readlines()
             for line in lines:
                 if type(line) != str:
                     line = line.decode()
-                logging.info("  {}".format(line.strip('\n')))
+                logging.info("  {}".format(line.strip("\n")))
                 out += line
 
         with prc.stderr:
@@ -70,7 +112,7 @@ class VPPUtil(object):
             for line in lines:
                 if type(line) != str:
                     line = line.decode()
-                logging.warning("  {}".format(line.strip('\n')))
+                logging.warning("  {}".format(line.strip("\n")))
                 err += line
 
         ret = prc.wait()
@@ -86,17 +128,17 @@ class VPPUtil(object):
         """
 
         # Does a copy of the file exist, if not create one
-        ofile = filename + '.orig'
-        (ret, stdout, stderr) = self.exec_command('ls {}'.format(ofile))
+        ofile = filename + ".orig"
+        (ret, stdout, stderr) = self.exec_command("ls {}".format(ofile))
         if ret != 0:
             logging.debug(stderr)
-            if stdout.strip('\n') != ofile:
-                cmd = 'sudo cp {} {}'.format(filename, ofile)
+            if stdout.strip("\n") != ofile:
+                cmd = "sudo cp {} {}".format(filename, ofile)
                 (ret, stdout, stderr) = self.exec_command(cmd)
                 if ret != 0:
                     logging.debug(stderr)
 
-    def _install_vpp_ubuntu(self, node, branch, ubuntu_version='xenial'):
+    def _install_vpp_ubuntu(self, node, branch, ubuntu_version="xenial"):
         """
         Install the VPP packages
 
@@ -109,49 +151,49 @@ class VPPUtil(object):
         """
 
         # Modify the sources list
-        sfile = '/etc/apt/sources.list.d/99fd.io.list'
+        sfile = "/etc/apt/sources.list.d/99fd.io.list"
 
         # Backup the sources list
         self._autoconfig_backup_file(sfile)
 
-        reps = 'deb [trusted=yes] https://packagecloud.io/fdio/'
-        reps += '{}/ubuntu {} main\n'.format(branch, ubuntu_version)
+        reps = "deb [trusted=yes] https://packagecloud.io/fdio/"
+        reps += "{}/ubuntu {} main\n".format(branch, ubuntu_version)
 
-        with open(sfile, 'w') as sfd:
+        with open(sfile, "w") as sfd:
             sfd.write(reps)
             sfd.close()
 
         # Add the key
 
-        key = requests.get(
-            'https://packagecloud.io/fdio/{}/gpgkey'.format(branch))
+        key = requests.get("https://packagecloud.io/fdio/{}/gpgkey".format(branch))
         cmd = 'echo "{}" | apt-key add -'.format(key.content.decode(key.encoding))
         (ret, stdout, stderr) = self.exec_command(cmd)
         if ret != 0:
-            raise RuntimeError('{} failed on node {} {}'.format(
-                cmd,
-                node['host'],
-                stderr))
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "{} failed on node {} {}".format(cmd, node["host"], stderr)
+            )
 
         # Install the package
-        cmd = 'apt-get -y update'
+        cmd = "apt-get -y update"
         (ret, stdout, stderr) = self.exec_command(cmd)
         if ret != 0:
-            raise RuntimeError('{} apt-get update failed on node {} {}'.format(
-                cmd,
-                node['host'],
-                stderr))
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "{} apt-get update failed on node {} {}".format(
+                    cmd, node["host"], stderr
+                )
+            )
 
         # Get the package list
-        pkgstr = ''
+        pkgstr = ""
         for ps in ubuntu_pkgs[branch]:
-            pkgstr += ps + ' '
+            pkgstr += ps + " "
 
-        cmd = 'apt-get -y install {}'.format(pkgstr)
+        cmd = "apt-get -y install {}".format(pkgstr)
         (ret, stdout, stderr) = self.exec_command(cmd)
         if ret != 0:
-            raise RuntimeError('{} failed on node {} {} {}'.format(
-                cmd, node['host'], stdout, stderr))
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "{} failed on node {} {} {}".format(cmd, node["host"], stdout, stderr)
+            )
 
     def _install_vpp_centos(self, node, branch):
         """
@@ -164,95 +206,82 @@ class VPPUtil(object):
         """
 
         # Be sure the correct system packages are installed
-        cmd = 'yum -y update'
+        cmd = "yum -y update"
         (ret, stdout, stderr) = self.exec_command(cmd)
         if ret != 0:
-            logging.debug('{} failed on node {} {}'.format(
-                cmd,
-                node['host'],
-                stderr))
+            logging.debug("{} failed on node {} {}".format(cmd, node["host"], stderr))
 
-        cmd = 'yum -y install pygpgme yum-utils'
+        cmd = "yum -y install pygpgme yum-utils"
         (ret, stdout, stderr) = self.exec_command(cmd)
         if ret != 0:
-            logging.debug('{} failed on node {} {}'.format(
-                cmd,
-                node['host'],
-                stderr))
+            logging.debug("{} failed on node {} {}".format(cmd, node["host"], stderr))
 
         # Modify the sources list
-        sfile = '/etc/yum.repos.d/fdio-release.repo'
+        sfile = "/etc/yum.repos.d/fdio-release.repo"
 
         # Backup the sources list
         self._autoconfig_backup_file(sfile)
 
         # Remove the current file
-        cmd = 'rm {}'.format(sfile)
+        cmd = "rm {}".format(sfile)
         (ret, stdout, stderr) = self.exec_command(cmd)
         if ret != 0:
-            logging.debug('{} failed on node {} {}'.format(
-                cmd,
-                node['host'],
-                stderr))
+            logging.debug("{} failed on node {} {}".format(cmd, node["host"], stderr))
 
         # Get the file contents
 
-        reps = '\n'.join([
-            '[fdio_{}]'.format(branch),
-            'name=fdio_{}'.format(branch),
-            'baseurl=https://packagecloud.io/fdio/{}/el/7/$basearch'.format(
-                branch),
-            'repo_gpgcheck=1',
-            'gpgcheck=0',
-            'enabled=1',
-            'gpgkey=https://packagecloud.io/fdio/{}/gpgkey'.format(branch),
-            'sslverify=1',
-            'sslcacert=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt',
-            'metadata_expire=300\n',
-            '[fdio_{}-source]'.format(branch),
-            'name=fdio_release-{}'.format(branch),
-            'baseurl=https://packagecloud.io/fdio/{}/el/7/SRPMS'.format(
-                branch),
-            'repo_gpgcheck=1',
-            'gpgcheck=0',
-            'enabled=1',
-            'gpgkey=https://packagecloud.io/fdio/{}/gpgkey'.format(branch),
-            'sslverify =1',
-            'sslcacert=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt',
-            'metadata_expire=300\n'
-        ])
-        with open(sfile, 'w') as sfd:
+        reps = "\n".join(
+            [
+                "[fdio_{}]".format(branch),
+                "name=fdio_{}".format(branch),
+                "baseurl=https://packagecloud.io/fdio/{}/el/7/$basearch".format(branch),
+                "repo_gpgcheck=1",
+                "gpgcheck=0",
+                "enabled=1",
+                "gpgkey=https://packagecloud.io/fdio/{}/gpgkey".format(branch),
+                "sslverify=1",
+                "sslcacert=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt",
+                "metadata_expire=300\n",
+                "[fdio_{}-source]".format(branch),
+                "name=fdio_release-{}".format(branch),
+                "baseurl=https://packagecloud.io/fdio/{}/el/7/SRPMS".format(branch),
+                "repo_gpgcheck=1",
+                "gpgcheck=0",
+                "enabled=1",
+                "gpgkey=https://packagecloud.io/fdio/{}/gpgkey".format(branch),
+                "sslverify =1",
+                "sslcacert=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt",
+                "metadata_expire=300\n",
+            ]
+        )
+        with open(sfile, "w") as sfd:
             sfd.write(reps)
             sfd.close()
 
         # Update the fdio repo
-        cmd = 'yum clean all'
+        cmd = "yum clean all"
         (ret, stdout, stderr) = self.exec_command(cmd)
         if ret != 0:
-            logging.debug('{} failed on node {} {}'.format(
-                cmd,
-                node['host'],
-                stderr))
+            logging.debug("{} failed on node {} {}".format(cmd, node["host"], stderr))
 
-        cmd = "yum -q makecache -y --disablerepo='*' " \
-              "--enablerepo='fdio_{}'".format(branch)
+        cmd = "yum -q makecache -y --disablerepo='*' " "--enablerepo='fdio_{}'".format(
+            branch
+        )
         (ret, stdout, stderr) = self.exec_command(cmd)
         if ret != 0:
-            logging.debug('{} failed on node {} {}'.format(
-                cmd,
-                node['host'],
-                stderr))
+            logging.debug("{} failed on node {} {}".format(cmd, node["host"], stderr))
 
         # Get the package list
-        pkgstr = ''
+        pkgstr = ""
         for ps in centos_pkgs[branch]:
-            pkgstr += ps + ' '
+            pkgstr += ps + " "
 
-        cmd = 'yum -y install {}'.format(pkgstr)
+        cmd = "yum -y install {}".format(pkgstr)
         (ret, stdout, stderr) = self.exec_command(cmd)
         if ret != 0:
-            raise RuntimeError('{} failed on node {} {} {}'.format(
-                cmd, node['host'], stdout, stderr))
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "{} failed on node {} {} {}".format(cmd, node["host"], stdout, stderr)
+            )
 
     def install_vpp(self, node, branch):
         """
@@ -266,10 +295,10 @@ class VPPUtil(object):
         """
         distro = self.get_linux_distro()
         logging.info("  {}".format(distro[0]))
-        if distro[0] == 'Ubuntu':
+        if distro[0] == "Ubuntu":
             logging.info("Install Ubuntu")
             self._install_vpp_ubuntu(node, branch, ubuntu_version=distro[2])
-        elif distro[0] == 'CentOS Linux':
+        elif distro[0] == "CentOS Linux":
             logging.info("Install CentOS")
             self._install_vpp_centos(node, branch)
         else:
@@ -286,17 +315,18 @@ class VPPUtil(object):
         """
 
         # get the package list
-        pkgstr = ''
+        pkgstr = ""
         pkgs = self.get_installed_vpp_pkgs()
         for pkg in pkgs:
-            pkgname = pkg['name']
-            pkgstr += pkgname + ' '
+            pkgname = pkg["name"]
+            pkgstr += pkgname + " "
 
-        cmd = 'dpkg --purge {}'.format(pkgstr)
+        cmd = "dpkg --purge {}".format(pkgstr)
         (ret, stdout, stderr) = self.exec_command(cmd)
         if ret != 0:
-            raise RuntimeError('{} failed on node {} {} {}'.format(
-                cmd, node['host'], stdout, stderr))
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "{} failed on node {} {} {}".format(cmd, node["host"], stdout, stderr)
+            )
 
     def _uninstall_vpp_centos(self, node):
         """
@@ -306,18 +336,19 @@ class VPPUtil(object):
         :type node: dict
         """
 
-        pkgstr = ''
+        pkgstr = ""
         pkgs = self.get_installed_vpp_pkgs()
         for pkg in pkgs:
-            pkgname = pkg['name']
-            pkgstr += pkgname + ' '
+            pkgname = pkg["name"]
+            pkgstr += pkgname + " "
 
         logging.info("Uninstalling {}".format(pkgstr))
-        cmd = 'yum -y remove {}'.format(pkgstr)
+        cmd = "yum -y remove {}".format(pkgstr)
         (ret, stdout, stderr) = self.exec_command(cmd)
         if ret != 0:
-            raise RuntimeError('{} failed on node {} {} {}'.format(
-                cmd, node['host'], stdout, stderr))
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "{} failed on node {} {} {}".format(cmd, node["host"], stdout, stderr)
+            )
 
     def uninstall_vpp(self, node):
         """
@@ -330,10 +361,10 @@ class VPPUtil(object):
         # First stop VPP
         self.stop(node)
         distro = self.get_linux_distro()
-        if distro[0] == 'Ubuntu':
+        if distro[0] == "Ubuntu":
             logging.info("Uninstall Ubuntu")
             self._uninstall_vpp_ubuntu(node)
-        elif distro[0] == 'CentOS Linux':
+        elif distro[0] == "CentOS Linux":
             logging.info("Uninstall CentOS")
             self._uninstall_vpp_centos(node)
         else:
@@ -352,21 +383,20 @@ class VPPUtil(object):
         :type additional_cmds: tuple
         """
         def_setting_tb_displayed = {
-            'IPv6 FIB': 'ip6 fib',
-            'IPv4 FIB': 'ip fib',
-            'Interface IP': 'int addr',
-            'Interfaces': 'int',
-            'ARP': 'ip arp',
-            'Errors': 'err'
+            "IPv6 FIB": "ip6 fib",
+            "IPv4 FIB": "ip fib",
+            "Interface IP": "int addr",
+            "Interfaces": "int",
+            "ARP": "ip arp",
+            "Errors": "err",
         }
 
         if additional_cmds:
             for cmd in additional_cmds:
-                def_setting_tb_displayed['Custom Setting: {}'.format(cmd)] \
-                    = cmd
+                def_setting_tb_displayed["Custom Setting: {}".format(cmd)] = cmd
 
                 for _, value in def_setting_tb_displayed.items():
-                    self.exec_command('vppctl sh {}'.format(value))
+                    self.exec_command("vppctl sh {}".format(value))
 
     @staticmethod
     def get_vms(node):
@@ -397,32 +427,32 @@ class VPPUtil(object):
         :rtype: dictionary
         """
         interfaces = {}
-        cmd = 'vppctl show int addr'
+        cmd = "vppctl show int addr"
         (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command(cmd)
         if ret != 0:
             return interfaces
 
-        lines = stdout.split('\n')
+        lines = stdout.split("\n")
         if len(lines[0]) != 0:
-            if lines[0].split(' ')[0] == 'FileNotFoundError':
+            if lines[0].split(" ")[0] == "FileNotFoundError":
                 return interfaces
 
-        name = ''
+        name = ""
         for line in lines:
             if len(line) == 0:
                 continue
 
             # If the first character is not whitespace
             # create a new interface
-            if len(re.findall(r'\s', line[0])) == 0:
+            if len(re.findall(r"\s", line[0])) == 0:
                 spl = line.split()
                 name = spl[0]
-                if name == 'local0':
+                if name == "local0":
                     continue
                 interfaces[name] = {}
-                interfaces[name]['state'] = spl[1].lstrip('(').rstrip('):\r')
+                interfaces[name]["state"] = spl[1].lstrip("(").rstrip("):\r")
             else:
-                interfaces[name]['address'] = line.lstrip(' ').rstrip('\r')
+                interfaces[name]["address"] = line.lstrip(" ").rstrip("\r")
 
         return interfaces
 
@@ -439,14 +469,14 @@ class VPPUtil(object):
         """
 
         interfaces = {}
-        cmd = 'vppctl show hard'
+        cmd = "vppctl show hard"
         (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command(cmd)
         if ret != 0:
             return interfaces
 
-        lines = stdout.split('\n')
+        lines = stdout.split("\n")
         if len(lines[0]) != 0:
-            if lines[0].split(' ')[0] == 'FileNotFoundError':
+            if lines[0].split(" ")[0] == "FileNotFoundError":
                 return interfaces
 
         for line in lines:
@@ -455,46 +485,46 @@ class VPPUtil(object):
 
             # If the first character is not whitespace
             # create a new interface
-            if len(re.findall(r'\s', line[0])) == 0:
+            if len(re.findall(r"\s", line[0])) == 0:
                 spl = line.split()
                 name = spl[0]
                 interfaces[name] = {}
-                interfaces[name]['index'] = spl[1]
-                interfaces[name]['state'] = spl[2]
+                interfaces[name]["index"] = spl[1]
+                interfaces[name]["state"] = spl[2]
 
             # Ethernet address
-            rfall = re.findall(r'Ethernet address', line)
+            rfall = re.findall(r"Ethernet address", line)
             if rfall:
                 spl = line.split()
-                interfaces[name]['mac'] = spl[2]
+                interfaces[name]["mac"] = spl[2]
 
             # Carrier
-            rfall = re.findall(r'carrier', line)
+            rfall = re.findall(r"carrier", line)
             if rfall:
-                spl = line.split('carrier ')
-                interfaces[name]['carrier'] = spl[1]
+                spl = line.split("carrier ")
+                interfaces[name]["carrier"] = spl[1]
 
             # Socket
-            spl = ''
-            rfall = re.findall(r'numa \d+', line)
+            spl = ""
+            rfall = re.findall(r"numa \d+", line)
             if rfall:
                 spl = rfall[0].split()
-                interfaces[name]['numa'] = rfall[0].split()[1]
+                interfaces[name]["numa"] = rfall[0].split()[1]
 
             # Queues and Descriptors
-            rfall = re.findall(r'rx\: queues \d+', line)
+            rfall = re.findall(r"rx\: queues \d+", line)
             if rfall:
-                interfaces[name]['rx queues'] = rfall[0].split()[2]
-                rdesc = re.findall(r'desc \d+', line)
+                interfaces[name]["rx queues"] = rfall[0].split()[2]
+                rdesc = re.findall(r"desc \d+", line)
                 if rdesc:
-                    interfaces[name]['rx descs'] = rdesc[0].split()[1]
+                    interfaces[name]["rx descs"] = rdesc[0].split()[1]
 
-            rfall = re.findall(r'tx\: queues \d+', line)
+            rfall = re.findall(r"tx\: queues \d+", line)
             if rfall:
-                interfaces[name]['tx queues'] = rfall[0].split()[2]
-                rdesc = re.findall(r'desc \d+', line)
+                interfaces[name]["tx queues"] = rfall[0].split()[2]
+                rdesc = re.findall(r"desc \d+", line)
                 if rdesc:
-                    interfaces[name]['tx descs'] = rdesc[0].split()[1]
+                    interfaces[name]["tx descs"] = rdesc[0].split()[1]
 
         return interfaces
 
@@ -508,17 +538,17 @@ class VPPUtil(object):
         """
 
         pkgs = []
-        cmd = 'dpkg -l | grep vpp'
+        cmd = "dpkg -l | grep vpp"
         (ret, stdout, stderr) = self.exec_command(cmd)
         if ret != 0:
             return pkgs
 
-        lines = stdout.split('\n')
+        lines = stdout.split("\n")
         for line in lines:
             items = line.split()
             if len(items) < 2:
                 continue
-            pkg = {'name': items[1], 'version': items[2]}
+            pkg = {"name": items[1], "version": items[2]}
             pkgs.append(pkg)
 
         return pkgs
@@ -533,21 +563,21 @@ class VPPUtil(object):
         """
 
         pkgs = []
-        cmd = 'rpm -qa | grep vpp'
+        cmd = "rpm -qa | grep vpp"
         (ret, stdout, stderr) = self.exec_command(cmd)
         if ret != 0:
             return pkgs
 
-        lines = stdout.split('\n')
+        lines = stdout.split("\n")
         for line in lines:
             if len(line) == 0:
                 continue
 
             items = line.split()
             if len(items) < 2:
-                pkg = {'name': items[0]}
+                pkg = {"name": items[0]}
             else:
-                pkg = {'name': items[1], 'version': items[2]}
+                pkg = {"name": items[1], "version": items[2]}
 
             pkgs.append(pkg)
 
@@ -563,9 +593,9 @@ class VPPUtil(object):
         """
 
         distro = self.get_linux_distro()
-        if distro[0] == 'Ubuntu':
+        if distro[0] == "Ubuntu":
             pkgs = self._get_installed_vpp_pkgs_ubuntu()
-        elif distro[0] == 'CentOS Linux':
+        elif distro[0] == "CentOS Linux":
             pkgs = self._get_installed_vpp_pkgs_centos()
         else:
             pkgs = self._get_installed_vpp_pkgs_centos()
@@ -594,7 +624,7 @@ class VPPUtil(object):
         numa_list = []
         for if_key in iface_keys:
             try:
-                numa_list.append(node['interfaces'][if_key].get('numa_node'))
+                numa_list.append(node["interfaces"][if_key].get("numa_node"))
             except KeyError:
                 pass
 
@@ -617,12 +647,12 @@ class VPPUtil(object):
         :type node: dict
         """
 
-        cmd = 'service vpp restart'
+        cmd = "service vpp restart"
         (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command(cmd)
         if ret != 0:
-            raise RuntimeError('{} failed on node {} {} {}'.
-                               format(cmd, node['host'],
-                                      stdout, stderr))
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "{} failed on node {} {} {}".format(cmd, node["host"], stdout, stderr)
+            )
 
     @staticmethod
     def start(node):
@@ -634,12 +664,12 @@ class VPPUtil(object):
         :type node: dict
         """
 
-        cmd = 'service vpp start'
+        cmd = "service vpp start"
         (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command(cmd)
         if ret != 0:
-            raise RuntimeError('{} failed on node {} {} {}'.
-                               format(cmd, node['host'],
-                                      stdout, stderr))
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "{} failed on node {} {} {}".format(cmd, node["host"], stdout, stderr)
+            )
 
     @staticmethod
     def stop(node):
@@ -651,12 +681,12 @@ class VPPUtil(object):
         :type node: dict
         """
 
-        cmd = 'service vpp stop'
+        cmd = "service vpp stop"
         (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command(cmd)
         if ret != 0:
-            logging.debug('{} failed on node {} {} {}'.
-                          format(cmd, node['host'],
-                                 stdout, stderr))
+            logging.debug(
+                "{} failed on node {} {} {}".format(cmd, node["host"], stdout, stderr)
+            )
 
     # noinspection RegExpRedundantEscape
     @staticmethod
@@ -676,11 +706,11 @@ class VPPUtil(object):
         if len(pkgs) == 0:
             return "Not Installed", errors
 
-        cmd = 'service vpp status'
+        cmd = "service vpp status"
         (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command(cmd)
 
         # Get the active status
-        state = re.findall(r'Active:[\w (\)]+', stdout)[0].split(' ')
+        state = re.findall(r"Active:[\w (\)]+", stdout)[0].split(" ")
         if len(state) > 2:
             statestr = "{} {}".format(state[1], state[2])
         else:
@@ -707,13 +737,10 @@ class VPPUtil(object):
         """
 
         dist = distro.linux_distribution()
-        if dist[0] == 'Ubuntu' or \
-                dist[0] == 'CentOS Linux' or \
-                dist[:7] == 'Red Hat':
+        if dist[0] == "Ubuntu" or dist[0] == "CentOS Linux" or dist[:7] == "Red Hat":
             return dist
         else:
-            raise RuntimeError(
-                'Linux Distribution {} is not supported'.format(dist[0]))
+            raise RuntimeError("Linux Distribution {} is not supported".format(dist[0]))
 
     @staticmethod
     def version():
@@ -726,21 +753,21 @@ class VPPUtil(object):
         """
 
         version = {}
-        cmd = 'vppctl show version verbose'
+        cmd = "vppctl show version verbose"
         (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command(cmd)
         if ret != 0:
             return version
 
-        lines = stdout.split('\n')
+        lines = stdout.split("\n")
         if len(lines[0]) != 0:
-            if lines[0].split(' ')[0] == 'FileNotFoundError':
+            if lines[0].split(" ")[0] == "FileNotFoundError":
                 return version
 
         for line in lines:
             if len(line) == 0:
                 continue
-            dct = line.split(':')
-            version[dct[0]] = dct[1].lstrip(' ')
+            dct = line.split(":")
+            version[dct[0]] = dct[1].lstrip(" ")
 
         return version
 
@@ -755,38 +782,40 @@ class VPPUtil(object):
         """
 
         ifaces = []
-        cmd = 'vppctl show bridge'
+        cmd = "vppctl show bridge"
         (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command(cmd)
         if ret != 0:
-            raise RuntimeError('{} failed on node {} {} {}'.
-                               format(cmd, node['host'],
-                                      stdout, stderr))
-        lines = stdout.split('\r\n')
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "{} failed on node {} {} {}".format(cmd, node["host"], stdout, stderr)
+            )
+        lines = stdout.split("\r\n")
         bridges = []
         for line in lines:
-            if line == 'no bridge-domains in use':
+            if line == "no bridge-domains in use":
                 print(line)
                 return ifaces
             if len(line) == 0:
                 continue
 
-            lspl = line.lstrip(' ').split()
-            if lspl[0] != 'BD-ID':
+            lspl = line.lstrip(" ").split()
+            if lspl[0] != "BD-ID":
                 bridges.append(lspl[0])
 
         for bridge in bridges:
-            cmd = 'vppctl show bridge {} detail'.format(bridge)
+            cmd = "vppctl show bridge {} detail".format(bridge)
             (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command(cmd)
             if ret != 0:
-                raise RuntimeError('{} failed on node {} {} {}'.
-                                   format(cmd, node['host'],
-                                          stdout, stderr))
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "{} failed on node {} {} {}".format(
+                        cmd, node["host"], stdout, stderr
+                    )
+                )
 
-        lines = stdout.split('\r\n')
+        lines = stdout.split("\r\n")
         for line in lines:
-            iface = re.findall(r'[a-zA-z]+\d+/\d+/\d+', line)
+            iface = re.findall(r"[a-zA-z]+\d+/\d+/\d+", line)
             if len(iface):
-                ifcidx = {'name': iface[0], 'index': line.split()[1]}
+                ifcidx = {"name": iface[0], "index": line.split()[1]}
                 ifaces.append(ifcidx)
 
         print(stdout)
diff --git a/extras/vpp_config/vpplib/VppGrubUtil.py b/extras/vpp_config/vpplib/VppGrubUtil.py
index f17efd8a868..976b20019c4 100644
--- a/extras/vpp_config/vpplib/VppGrubUtil.py
+++ b/extras/vpp_config/vpplib/VppGrubUtil.py
@@ -17,11 +17,11 @@ import re
 
 from vpplib.VPPUtil import VPPUtil
 
-__all__ = ['VppGrubUtil']
+__all__ = ["VppGrubUtil"]
 
 
 class VppGrubUtil(object):
-    """ VPP Grub Utilities."""
+    """VPP Grub Utilities."""
 
     def _get_current_cmdline(self):
         """
@@ -32,14 +32,14 @@ class VppGrubUtil(object):
         """
 
         # Get the memory information using /proc/meminfo
-        cmd = 'sudo cat /proc/cmdline'
+        cmd = "sudo cat /proc/cmdline"
         (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command(cmd)
         if ret != 0:
-            raise RuntimeError('{} on node {} {} {}'.
-                               format(cmd, self._node['host'],
-                                      stdout, stderr))
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "{} on node {} {} {}".format(cmd, self._node["host"], stdout, stderr)
+            )
 
-        self._current_cmdline = stdout.strip('\n')
+        self._current_cmdline = stdout.strip("\n")
 
     def _get_default_cmdline(self):
         """
@@ -50,21 +50,24 @@ class VppGrubUtil(object):
         """
 
         # Get the default grub cmdline
-        rootdir = self._node['rootdir']
-        gfile = self._node['cpu']['grub_config_file']
-        grubcmdline = self._node['cpu']['grubcmdline']
-        cmd = 'cat {}'.format(rootdir + gfile)
+        rootdir = self._node["rootdir"]
+        gfile = self._node["cpu"]["grub_config_file"]
+        grubcmdline = self._node["cpu"]["grubcmdline"]
+        cmd = "cat {}".format(rootdir + gfile)
         (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command(cmd)
         if ret != 0:
-            raise RuntimeError('{} Executing failed on node {} {}'.
-                               format(cmd, self._node['host'], stderr))
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "{} Executing failed on node {} {}".format(
+                    cmd, self._node["host"], stderr
+                )
+            )
 
         # Get the Default Linux command line, ignoring commented lines
-        lines = stdout.split('\n')
+        lines = stdout.split("\n")
         for line in lines:
-            if line == '' or line[0] == '#':
+            if line == "" or line[0] == "#":
                 continue
-            ldefault = re.findall(r'{}=.+'.format(grubcmdline), line)
+            ldefault = re.findall(r"{}=.+".format(grubcmdline), line)
             if ldefault:
                 self._default_cmdline = ldefault[0]
                 break
@@ -96,9 +99,9 @@ class VppGrubUtil(object):
         :returns: The command line
         :rtype: string
         """
-        grubcmdline = self._node['cpu']['grubcmdline']
+        grubcmdline = self._node["cpu"]["grubcmdline"]
         cmdline = self._default_cmdline
-        value = cmdline.split('{}='.format(grubcmdline))[1]
+        value = cmdline.split("{}=".format(grubcmdline))[1]
         value = value.rstrip('"').lstrip('"')
 
         # jadfix intel_pstate=disable sometimes cause networks to
@@ -111,43 +114,43 @@ class VppGrubUtil(object):
         #    value = '{} intel_pstate=disable'.format(value)
 
         # Replace isolcpus with ours
-        isolcpus = re.findall(r'isolcpus=[\w+\-,]+', value)
+        isolcpus = re.findall(r"isolcpus=[\w+\-,]+", value)
         if not isolcpus:
-            if isolated_cpus != '':
+            if isolated_cpus != "":
                 value = "{} isolcpus={}".format(value, isolated_cpus)
         else:
-            if isolated_cpus != '':
-                value = re.sub(r'isolcpus=[\w+\-,]+',
-                               'isolcpus={}'.format(isolated_cpus),
-                               value)
+            if isolated_cpus != "":
+                value = re.sub(
+                    r"isolcpus=[\w+\-,]+", "isolcpus={}".format(isolated_cpus), value
+                )
             else:
-                value = re.sub(r'isolcpus=[\w+\-,]+', '', value)
+                value = re.sub(r"isolcpus=[\w+\-,]+", "", value)
 
-        nohz = re.findall(r'nohz_full=[\w+\-,]+', value)
+        nohz = re.findall(r"nohz_full=[\w+\-,]+", value)
         if not nohz:
-            if isolated_cpus != '':
+            if isolated_cpus != "":
                 value = "{} nohz_full={}".format(value, isolated_cpus)
         else:
-            if isolated_cpus != '':
-                value = re.sub(r'nohz_full=[\w+\-,]+',
-                               'nohz_full={}'.format(isolated_cpus),
-                               value)
+            if isolated_cpus != "":
+                value = re.sub(
+                    r"nohz_full=[\w+\-,]+", "nohz_full={}".format(isolated_cpus), value
+                )
             else:
-                value = re.sub(r'nohz_full=[\w+\-,]+', '', value)
+                value = re.sub(r"nohz_full=[\w+\-,]+", "", value)
 
-        rcu = re.findall(r'rcu_nocbs=[\w+\-,]+', value)
+        rcu = re.findall(r"rcu_nocbs=[\w+\-,]+", value)
         if not rcu:
-            if isolated_cpus != '':
+            if isolated_cpus != "":
                 value = "{} rcu_nocbs={}".format(value, isolated_cpus)
         else:
-            if isolated_cpus != '':
-                value = re.sub(r'rcu_nocbs=[\w+\-,]+',
-                               'rcu_nocbs={}'.format(isolated_cpus),
-                               value)
+            if isolated_cpus != "":
+                value = re.sub(
+                    r"rcu_nocbs=[\w+\-,]+", "rcu_nocbs={}".format(isolated_cpus), value
+                )
             else:
-                value = re.sub(r'rcu_nocbs=[\w+\-,]+', '', value)
+                value = re.sub(r"rcu_nocbs=[\w+\-,]+", "", value)
 
-        value = value.lstrip(' ').rstrip(' ')
+        value = value.lstrip(" ").rstrip(" ")
         cmdline = '{}="{}"'.format(grubcmdline, value)
         return cmdline
 
@@ -167,69 +170,68 @@ class VppGrubUtil(object):
         if len(vpp_cmdline):
             # Update grub
             # Save the original file
-            rootdir = node['rootdir']
-            grubcmdline = node['cpu']['grubcmdline']
-            ofilename = rootdir + node['cpu']['grub_config_file'] + '.orig'
-            filename = rootdir + node['cpu']['grub_config_file']
+            rootdir = node["rootdir"]
+            grubcmdline = node["cpu"]["grubcmdline"]
+            ofilename = rootdir + node["cpu"]["grub_config_file"] + ".orig"
+            filename = rootdir + node["cpu"]["grub_config_file"]
 
             # Write the output file
             # Does a copy of the original file exist, if not create one
-            (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command(
-                'ls {}'.format(ofilename))
+            (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command("ls {}".format(ofilename))
             if ret != 0:
-                if stdout.strip('\n') != ofilename:
-                    cmd = 'sudo cp {} {}'.format(filename, ofilename)
+                if stdout.strip("\n") != ofilename:
+                    cmd = "sudo cp {} {}".format(filename, ofilename)
                     (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command(cmd)
                     if ret != 0:
-                        raise RuntimeError('{} failed on node {} {}'.
-                                           format(cmd, self._node['host'],
-                                                  stderr))
+                        raise RuntimeError(
+                            "{} failed on node {} {}".format(
+                                cmd, self._node["host"], stderr
+                            )
+                        )
 
             # Get the contents of the current grub config file
-            cmd = 'cat {}'.format(filename)
+            cmd = "cat {}".format(filename)
             (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command(cmd)
             if ret != 0:
-                raise RuntimeError('{} failed on node {} {}'.format(
-                    cmd,
-                    self._node['host'],
-                    stderr))
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "{} failed on node {} {}".format(cmd, self._node["host"], stderr)
+                )
 
             # Write the new contents
             # Get the Default Linux command line, ignoring commented lines
             content = ""
-            lines = stdout.split('\n')
+            lines = stdout.split("\n")
             for line in lines:
-                if line == '':
-                    content += line + '\n'
+                if line == "":
+                    content += line + "\n"
                     continue
-                if line[0] == '#':
-                    content += line + '\n'
+                if line[0] == "#":
+                    content += line + "\n"
                     continue
 
-                ldefault = re.findall(r'{}=.+'.format(grubcmdline), line)
+                ldefault = re.findall(r"{}=.+".format(grubcmdline), line)
                 if ldefault:
-                    content += vpp_cmdline + '\n'
+                    content += vpp_cmdline + "\n"
                 else:
-                    content += line + '\n'
+                    content += line + "\n"
 
             content = content.replace(r"`", r"\`")
-            content = content.rstrip('\n')
+            content = content.rstrip("\n")
             cmd = "sudo cat > {0} << EOF\n{1}\n".format(filename, content)
             (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command(cmd)
             if ret != 0:
-                raise RuntimeError('{} failed on node {} {}'.format(
-                    cmd,
-                    self._node['host'],
-                    stderr))
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "{} failed on node {} {}".format(cmd, self._node["host"], stderr)
+                )
 
         return vpp_cmdline
 
     def __init__(self, node):
         distro = VPPUtil.get_linux_distro()
-        if distro[0] == 'Ubuntu':
-            node['cpu']['grubcmdline'] = 'GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT'
+        if distro[0] == "Ubuntu":
+            node["cpu"]["grubcmdline"] = "GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT"
         else:
-            node['cpu']['grubcmdline'] = 'GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX'
+            node["cpu"]["grubcmdline"] = "GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX"
 
         self._node = node
         self._current_cmdline = ""
diff --git a/extras/vpp_config/vpplib/VppHugePageUtil.py b/extras/vpp_config/vpplib/VppHugePageUtil.py
index 3a632828883..48991090f04 100644
--- a/extras/vpp_config/vpplib/VppHugePageUtil.py
+++ b/extras/vpp_config/vpplib/VppHugePageUtil.py
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ class VppHugePageUtil(object):
     """
     Huge Page Utilities
     """
+
     def hugepages_dryrun_apply(self):
         """
         Apply the huge page configuration
@@ -40,23 +41,23 @@ class VppHugePageUtil(object):
         """
 
         node = self._node
-        hugepages = node['hugepages']
+        hugepages = node["hugepages"]
 
         vpp_hugepage_config = VPP_HUGEPAGE_CONFIG.format(
-            nr_hugepages=hugepages['total'],
-            max_map_count=hugepages['max_map_count'],
-            shmmax=hugepages['shmax'])
+            nr_hugepages=hugepages["total"],
+            max_map_count=hugepages["max_map_count"],
+            shmmax=hugepages["shmax"],
+        )
 
-        rootdir = node['rootdir']
-        filename = rootdir + node['hugepages']['hugepage_config_file']
+        rootdir = node["rootdir"]
+        filename = rootdir + node["hugepages"]["hugepage_config_file"]
 
-        cmd = 'echo "{0}" | sudo tee {1}'.\
-            format(vpp_hugepage_config, filename)
+        cmd = 'echo "{0}" | sudo tee {1}'.format(vpp_hugepage_config, filename)
         (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command(cmd)
         if ret != 0:
-            raise RuntimeError('{} failed on node {} {} {}'.
-                               format(cmd, node['host'],
-                                      stdout, stderr))
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "{} failed on node {} {} {}".format(cmd, node["host"], stdout, stderr)
+            )
 
     def get_actual_huge_pages(self):
         """
@@ -68,25 +69,26 @@ class VppHugePageUtil(object):
         """
 
         # Get the memory information using /proc/meminfo
-        cmd = 'sudo cat /proc/meminfo'
+        cmd = "sudo cat /proc/meminfo"
         (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command(cmd)
         if ret != 0:
             raise RuntimeError(
-                '{} failed on node {} {} {}'.format(
-                    cmd, self._node['host'],
-                    stdout, stderr))
+                "{} failed on node {} {} {}".format(
+                    cmd, self._node["host"], stdout, stderr
+                )
+            )
 
-        total = re.findall(r'HugePages_Total:\s+\w+', stdout)
-        free = re.findall(r'HugePages_Free:\s+\w+', stdout)
-        size = re.findall(r'Hugepagesize:\s+\w+\s+\w+', stdout)
-        memtotal = re.findall(r'MemTotal:\s+\w+\s+\w+', stdout)
-        memfree = re.findall(r'MemFree:\s+\w+\s+\w+', stdout)
+        total = re.findall(r"HugePages_Total:\s+\w+", stdout)
+        free = re.findall(r"HugePages_Free:\s+\w+", stdout)
+        size = re.findall(r"Hugepagesize:\s+\w+\s+\w+", stdout)
+        memtotal = re.findall(r"MemTotal:\s+\w+\s+\w+", stdout)
+        memfree = re.findall(r"MemFree:\s+\w+\s+\w+", stdout)
 
-        total = total[0].split(':')[1].lstrip()
-        free = free[0].split(':')[1].lstrip()
-        size = size[0].split(':')[1].lstrip()
-        memtotal = memtotal[0].split(':')[1].lstrip()
-        memfree = memfree[0].split(':')[1].lstrip()
+        total = total[0].split(":")[1].lstrip()
+        free = free[0].split(":")[1].lstrip()
+        size = size[0].split(":")[1].lstrip()
+        memtotal = memtotal[0].split(":")[1].lstrip()
+        memfree = memfree[0].split(":")[1].lstrip()
         return total, free, size, memtotal, memfree
 
     def show_huge_pages(self):
@@ -96,17 +98,13 @@ class VppHugePageUtil(object):
         """
 
         node = self._node
-        hugepages = node['hugepages']
-        print ("  {:30}: {}".format("Total System Memory",
-                                   hugepages['memtotal']))
-        print ("  {:30}: {}".format("Total Free Memory",
-                                    hugepages['memfree']))
-        print ("  {:30}: {}".format("Actual Huge Page Total",
-                                    hugepages['actual_total']))
-        print ("  {:30}: {}".format("Configured Huge Page Total",
-                                    hugepages['total']))
-        print ("  {:30}: {}".format("Huge Pages Free", hugepages['free']))
-        print ("  {:30}: {}".format("Huge Page Size", hugepages['size']))
+        hugepages = node["hugepages"]
+        print("  {:30}: {}".format("Total System Memory", hugepages["memtotal"]))
+        print("  {:30}: {}".format("Total Free Memory", hugepages["memfree"]))
+        print("  {:30}: {}".format("Actual Huge Page Total", hugepages["actual_total"]))
+        print("  {:30}: {}".format("Configured Huge Page Total", hugepages["total"]))
+        print("  {:30}: {}".format("Huge Pages Free", hugepages["free"]))
+        print("  {:30}: {}".format("Huge Page Size", hugepages["size"]))
 
     def get_huge_page_config(self):
         """
@@ -115,7 +113,7 @@ class VppHugePageUtil(object):
         :returns: The map max count and shmmax
         """
 
-        total = self._node['hugepages']['total']
+        total = self._node["hugepages"]["total"]
         max_map_count = int(total) * 2 + 1024
         shmmax = int(total) * 2 * 1024 * 1024
         return max_map_count, shmmax
diff --git a/extras/vpp_config/vpplib/VppPCIUtil.py b/extras/vpp_config/vpplib/VppPCIUtil.py
index ceda46f97b9..032a262c21c 100644
--- a/extras/vpp_config/vpplib/VppPCIUtil.py
+++ b/extras/vpp_config/vpplib/VppPCIUtil.py
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ from vpplib.VPPUtil import VPPUtil
 DPDK_SCRIPT = "/vpp/vpp-config/scripts/dpdk-devbind.py"
 
 # PCI Device id regular expresssion
-PCI_DEV_ID_REGEX = '[0-9A-Fa-f]+:[0-9A-Fa-f]+:[0-9A-Fa-f]+.[0-9A-Fa-f]+'
+PCI_DEV_ID_REGEX = "[0-9A-Fa-f]+:[0-9A-Fa-f]+:[0-9A-Fa-f]+.[0-9A-Fa-f]+"
 
 
 class VppPCIUtil(object):
@@ -45,51 +45,47 @@ class VppPCIUtil(object):
         devices = {}
 
         ids = re.findall(PCI_DEV_ID_REGEX, device_string)
-        descriptions = re.findall(r'\'([\s\S]*?)\'', device_string)
-        unused = re.findall(r'unused=\w+|unused=', device_string)
+        descriptions = re.findall(r"\'([\s\S]*?)\'", device_string)
+        unused = re.findall(r"unused=\w+|unused=", device_string)
 
         for i, j in enumerate(ids):
-            device = {'description': descriptions[i]}
+            device = {"description": descriptions[i]}
             if unused:
-                device['unused'] = unused[i].split('=')[1].split(',')
+                device["unused"] = unused[i].split("=")[1].split(",")
 
-            cmd = 'ls /sys/bus/pci/devices/{}/driver/module/drivers'. \
-                format(ids[i])
+            cmd = "ls /sys/bus/pci/devices/{}/driver/module/drivers".format(ids[i])
             (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command(cmd)
             if ret == 0:
-                device['driver'] = stdout.split(':')[1].rstrip('\n')
+                device["driver"] = stdout.split(":")[1].rstrip("\n")
 
-            cmd = 'cat /sys/bus/pci/devices/{}/numa_node'.format(ids[i])
+            cmd = "cat /sys/bus/pci/devices/{}/numa_node".format(ids[i])
             (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command(cmd)
             if ret != 0:
-                raise RuntimeError('{} failed {} {}'.
-                                   format(cmd, stderr, stdout))
-            numa_node = stdout.rstrip('\n')
-            if numa_node == '-1':
-                device['numa_node'] = '0'
+                raise RuntimeError("{} failed {} {}".format(cmd, stderr, stdout))
+            numa_node = stdout.rstrip("\n")
+            if numa_node == "-1":
+                device["numa_node"] = "0"
             else:
-                device['numa_node'] = numa_node
+                device["numa_node"] = numa_node
 
             interfaces = []
-            device['interfaces'] = []
-            cmd = 'ls /sys/bus/pci/devices/{}/net'.format(ids[i])
+            device["interfaces"] = []
+            cmd = "ls /sys/bus/pci/devices/{}/net".format(ids[i])
             (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command(cmd)
             if ret == 0:
-                interfaces = stdout.rstrip('\n').split()
-                device['interfaces'] = interfaces
+                interfaces = stdout.rstrip("\n").split()
+                device["interfaces"] = interfaces
 
             l2_addrs = []
             for intf in interfaces:
-                cmd = 'cat /sys/bus/pci/devices/{}/net/{}/address'.format(
-                    ids[i], intf)
+                cmd = "cat /sys/bus/pci/devices/{}/net/{}/address".format(ids[i], intf)
                 (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command(cmd)
                 if ret != 0:
-                    raise RuntimeError('{} failed {} {}'.
-                                       format(cmd, stderr, stdout))
+                    raise RuntimeError("{} failed {} {}".format(cmd, stderr, stdout))
 
-                l2_addrs.append(stdout.rstrip('\n'))
+                l2_addrs.append(stdout.rstrip("\n"))
 
-            device['l2addr'] = l2_addrs
+            device["l2addr"] = l2_addrs
 
             devices[ids[i]] = device
 
@@ -112,66 +108,62 @@ class VppPCIUtil(object):
         """
 
         node = self._node
-        rootdir = node['rootdir']
+        rootdir = node["rootdir"]
         dpdk_script = rootdir + DPDK_SCRIPT
-        cmd = dpdk_script + ' --status'
+        cmd = dpdk_script + " --status"
         (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command(cmd)
         if ret != 0:
-            raise RuntimeError('{} failed on node {} {}'.format(
-                cmd,
-                node['host'],
-                stderr))
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "{} failed on node {} {}".format(cmd, node["host"], stderr)
+            )
 
         # Get the network devices using the DPDK
         # First get everything after using DPDK
-        stda = stdout.split('Network devices using DPDK-compatible driver')[1]
+        stda = stdout.split("Network devices using DPDK-compatible driver")[1]
         # Then get everything before using kernel driver
-        using_dpdk = stda.split('Network devices using kernel driver')[0]
+        using_dpdk = stda.split("Network devices using kernel driver")[0]
         self._dpdk_devices = self._create_device_list(using_dpdk)
 
         # Get the network devices using the kernel
-        stda = stdout.split('Network devices using kernel driver')[1]
-        using_kernel = stda.split('Other network devices')[0]
+        stda = stdout.split("Network devices using kernel driver")[1]
+        using_kernel = stda.split("Other network devices")[0]
         self._kernel_devices = self._create_device_list(using_kernel)
 
         # Get the other network devices
-        stda = stdout.split('Other network devices')[1]
-        other = stda.split('Crypto devices using DPDK-compatible driver')[0]
+        stda = stdout.split("Other network devices")[1]
+        other = stda.split("Crypto devices using DPDK-compatible driver")[0]
         self._other_devices = self._create_device_list(other)
 
         # Get the crypto devices using the DPDK
-        stda = stdout.split('Crypto devices using DPDK-compatible driver')[1]
-        crypto_using_dpdk = stda.split('Crypto devices using kernel driver')[0]
-        self._crypto_dpdk_devices = self._create_device_list(
-            crypto_using_dpdk)
+        stda = stdout.split("Crypto devices using DPDK-compatible driver")[1]
+        crypto_using_dpdk = stda.split("Crypto devices using kernel driver")[0]
+        self._crypto_dpdk_devices = self._create_device_list(crypto_using_dpdk)
 
         # Get the network devices using the kernel
-        stda = stdout.split('Crypto devices using kernel driver')[1]
-        crypto_using_kernel = stda.split('Other crypto devices')[0]
-        self._crypto_kernel_devices = self._create_device_list(
-            crypto_using_kernel)
+        stda = stdout.split("Crypto devices using kernel driver")[1]
+        crypto_using_kernel = stda.split("Other crypto devices")[0]
+        self._crypto_kernel_devices = self._create_device_list(crypto_using_kernel)
 
         # Get the other network devices
-        crypto_other = stdout.split('Other crypto devices')[1]
+        crypto_other = stdout.split("Other crypto devices")[1]
         self._crypto_other_devices = self._create_device_list(crypto_other)
 
         # Get the devices used by the kernel
         for devk in self._kernel_devices.items():
             dvid = devk[0]
             device = devk[1]
-            for i in device['interfaces']:
+            for i in device["interfaces"]:
                 cmd = "ip addr show " + i
                 (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command(cmd)
                 if ret != 0:
-                    raise RuntimeError('{} failed on node {} {}'.format(
-                        cmd,
-                        node['host'],
-                        stderr))
-                lstate = re.findall(r'state \w+', stdout)[0].split(' ')[1]
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        "{} failed on node {} {}".format(cmd, node["host"], stderr)
+                    )
+                lstate = re.findall(r"state \w+", stdout)[0].split(" ")[1]
 
                 # Take care of the links that are UP
-                if lstate == 'UP':
-                    device['linkup'] = True
+                if lstate == "UP":
+                    device["linkup"] = True
                     self._link_up_devices[dvid] = device
 
         for devl in self._link_up_devices.items():
@@ -234,18 +226,18 @@ class VppPCIUtil(object):
 
         """
 
-        name = 'port' + str(len(interfaces))
+        name = "port" + str(len(interfaces))
         interfaces[name] = {}
-        interfaces[name]['pci_address'] = device_id
-        interfaces[name]['numa_node'] = device['numa_node']
-        if 'l2addr' in device:
-            l2_addrs = device['l2addr']
+        interfaces[name]["pci_address"] = device_id
+        interfaces[name]["numa_node"] = device["numa_node"]
+        if "l2addr" in device:
+            l2_addrs = device["l2addr"]
             for i, j in enumerate(l2_addrs):
                 if i > 0:
-                    mname = 'mac_address' + str(i + 1)
+                    mname = "mac_address" + str(i + 1)
                     interfaces[name][mname] = l2_addrs[i]
                 else:
-                    interfaces[name]['mac_address'] = l2_addrs[i]
+                    interfaces[name]["mac_address"] = l2_addrs[i]
 
     @staticmethod
     def show_vpp_devices(devices, show_interfaces=True, show_header=True):
@@ -261,34 +253,33 @@ class VppPCIUtil(object):
         """
 
         if show_interfaces:
-            header = "{:15} {:25} {:50}".format("PCI ID",
-                                                "Kernel Interface(s)",
-                                                "Description")
+            header = "{:15} {:25} {:50}".format(
+                "PCI ID", "Kernel Interface(s)", "Description"
+            )
         else:
-            header = "{:15} {:50}".format("PCI ID",
-                                          "Description")
-        dashseparator = ("-" * (len(header) - 2))
+            header = "{:15} {:50}".format("PCI ID", "Description")
+        dashseparator = "-" * (len(header) - 2)
 
         if show_header is True:
-            print (header)
-            print (dashseparator)
+            print(header)
+            print(dashseparator)
         for dit in devices.items():
             dvid = dit[0]
             device = dit[1]
             if show_interfaces:
-                interfaces = device['interfaces']
-                interface = ''
+                interfaces = device["interfaces"]
+                interface = ""
                 for i, j in enumerate(interfaces):
                     if i > 0:
-                        interface += ',' + interfaces[i]
+                        interface += "," + interfaces[i]
                     else:
                         interface = interfaces[i]
 
-                print ("{:15} {:25} {:50}".format(
-                    dvid, interface, device['description']))
+                print(
+                    "{:15} {:25} {:50}".format(dvid, interface, device["description"])
+                )
             else:
-                print ("{:15} {:50}".format(
-                    dvid, device['description']))
+                print("{:15} {:50}".format(dvid, device["description"]))
 
     @staticmethod
     def unbind_vpp_device(node, device_id):
@@ -301,14 +292,14 @@ class VppPCIUtil(object):
         :type device_id: string
         """
 
-        rootdir = node['rootdir']
+        rootdir = node["rootdir"]
         dpdk_script = rootdir + DPDK_SCRIPT
-        cmd = dpdk_script + ' -u ' + ' ' + device_id
+        cmd = dpdk_script + " -u " + " " + device_id
         (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command(cmd)
         if ret != 0:
-            raise RuntimeError('{} failed on node {} {} {}'.format(
-                cmd, node['host'],
-                stdout, stderr))
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "{} failed on node {} {} {}".format(cmd, node["host"], stdout, stderr)
+            )
 
     @staticmethod
     def bind_vpp_device(node, driver, device_id):
@@ -324,14 +315,14 @@ class VppPCIUtil(object):
         :returns ret: Command return code
         """
 
-        rootdir = node['rootdir']
+        rootdir = node["rootdir"]
         dpdk_script = rootdir + DPDK_SCRIPT
-        cmd = dpdk_script + ' -b ' + driver + ' ' + device_id
+        cmd = dpdk_script + " -b " + driver + " " + device_id
         (ret, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil.exec_command(cmd)
         if ret != 0:
-            logging.error('{} failed on node {}'.format(
-                cmd, node['host'], stdout, stderr))
-            logging.error('{} {}'.format(
-                stdout, stderr))
+            logging.error(
+                "{} failed on node {}".format(cmd, node["host"], stdout, stderr)
+            )
+            logging.error("{} {}".format(stdout, stderr))
 
         return ret
diff --git a/extras/vpp_config/vpplib/constants.py b/extras/vpp_config/vpplib/constants.py
index 051a21cf023..63428b0c4d4 100644
--- a/extras/vpp_config/vpplib/constants.py
+++ b/extras/vpp_config/vpplib/constants.py
@@ -18,31 +18,31 @@ class Constants(object):
     """Constants used in CSIT."""
 
     # OpenVPP testing directory location at topology nodes
-    REMOTE_FW_DIR = '/tmp/openvpp-testing'
+    REMOTE_FW_DIR = "/tmp/openvpp-testing"
 
     # shell scripts location
-    RESOURCES_LIB_SH = 'resources/libraries/bash'
+    RESOURCES_LIB_SH = "resources/libraries/bash"
 
     # vat templates location
-    RESOURCES_TPL_VAT = 'resources/templates/vat'
+    RESOURCES_TPL_VAT = "resources/templates/vat"
 
     # OpenVPP VAT binary name
-    VAT_BIN_NAME = 'vpp_api_test'
+    VAT_BIN_NAME = "vpp_api_test"
 
     # QEMU version to install
-    QEMU_INSTALL_VERSION = 'qemu-2.5.0'
+    QEMU_INSTALL_VERSION = "qemu-2.5.0"
 
     # QEMU install directory
-    QEMU_INSTALL_DIR = '/opt/qemu-2.5.0'
+    QEMU_INSTALL_DIR = "/opt/qemu-2.5.0"
 
     # Honeycomb directory location at topology nodes:
-    REMOTE_HC_DIR = '/opt/honeycomb'
+    REMOTE_HC_DIR = "/opt/honeycomb"
 
     # Honeycomb persistence files location
-    REMOTE_HC_PERSIST = '/var/lib/honeycomb/persist'
+    REMOTE_HC_PERSIST = "/var/lib/honeycomb/persist"
 
     # Honeycomb templates location
-    RESOURCES_TPL_HC = 'resources/templates/honeycomb'
+    RESOURCES_TPL_HC = "resources/templates/honeycomb"
 
     # ODL Client Restconf listener port
     ODL_PORT = 8181
diff --git a/src/plugins/map/examples/gen-rules.py b/src/plugins/map/examples/gen-rules.py
index 7964aa9a359..d22d4633ef6 100755
--- a/src/plugins/map/examples/gen-rules.py
+++ b/src/plugins/map/examples/gen-rules.py
@@ -20,38 +20,63 @@ import sys
 # map add domain ip4-pfx  ip6-pfx ::/0 ip6-src  ea-bits-len 0 psid-offset 6 psid-len 6
 # map add rule index <0> psid  ip6-dst 
 
-def_ip4_pfx = '192.0.2.0/24'
-def_ip6_pfx = '2001:db8::/32'
-def_ip6_src = '2001:db8::1'
+def_ip4_pfx = "192.0.2.0/24"
+def_ip6_pfx = "2001:db8::/32"
+def_ip6_src = "2001:db8::1"
 def_psid_offset = 6
 def_psid_len = 6
 def_ea_bits_len = 0
 
-parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='MAP VPP configuration generator')
-parser.add_argument('-t', action="store", dest="mapmode")
-parser.add_argument('-f', action="store", dest="format", default="vpp")
-parser.add_argument('--ip4-prefix', action="store", dest="ip4_pfx", default=def_ip4_pfx)
-parser.add_argument('--ip6-prefix', action="store", dest="ip6_pfx", default=def_ip6_pfx)
-parser.add_argument('--ip6-src', action="store", dest="ip6_src", default=def_ip6_src)
-parser.add_argument('--psid-len', action="store", dest="psid_len", default=def_psid_len)
-parser.add_argument('--psid-offset', action="store", dest="psid_offset", default=def_psid_offset)
-parser.add_argument('--ea-bits-len', action="store", dest="ea_bits_len", default=def_ea_bits_len)
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="MAP VPP configuration generator")
+parser.add_argument("-t", action="store", dest="mapmode")
+parser.add_argument("-f", action="store", dest="format", default="vpp")
+parser.add_argument("--ip4-prefix", action="store", dest="ip4_pfx", default=def_ip4_pfx)
+parser.add_argument("--ip6-prefix", action="store", dest="ip6_pfx", default=def_ip6_pfx)
+parser.add_argument("--ip6-src", action="store", dest="ip6_src", default=def_ip6_src)
+parser.add_argument("--psid-len", action="store", dest="psid_len", default=def_psid_len)
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--psid-offset", action="store", dest="psid_offset", default=def_psid_offset
+)
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--ea-bits-len", action="store", dest="ea_bits_len", default=def_ea_bits_len
+)
 args = parser.parse_args()
 
 #
 # Print domain
 #
 def domain_print(i, ip4_pfx, ip6_pfx, ip6_src, eabits_len, psid_offset, psid_len):
-    if format == 'vpp':
-        print("map add domain ip4-pfx " + ip4_pfx + " ip6-pfx", ip6_pfx, "ip6-src " + ip6_src +
-              " ea-bits-len", eabits_len, "psid-offset", psid_offset, "psid-len", psid_len)
-    if format == 'confd':
-        print("vpp softwire softwire-instances softwire-instance", i, "br-ipv6 " + ip6_src +
-              " ipv6-prefix " + ip6_pfx + " ipv4-prefix " + ip4_pfx +
-              " ea-bits-len", eabits_len, "psid-offset", psid_offset, "psid-len", psid_len)
-    if format == 'xml':
+    if format == "vpp":
+        print(
+            "map add domain ip4-pfx " + ip4_pfx + " ip6-pfx",
+            ip6_pfx,
+            "ip6-src " + ip6_src + " ea-bits-len",
+            eabits_len,
+            "psid-offset",
+            psid_offset,
+            "psid-len",
+            psid_len,
+        )
+    if format == "confd":
+        print(
+            "vpp softwire softwire-instances softwire-instance",
+            i,
+            "br-ipv6 "
+            + ip6_src
+            + " ipv6-prefix "
+            + ip6_pfx
+            + " ipv4-prefix "
+            + ip4_pfx
+            + " ea-bits-len",
+            eabits_len,
+            "psid-offset",
+            psid_offset,
+            "psid-len",
+            psid_len,
+        )
+    if format == "xml":
         print("")
-        print("", i, "");
+        print("", i, "")
         print("  " + ip6_src + "")
         print("  " + ip6_pfx + "")
         print("  " + ip4_pfx + "")
@@ -59,32 +84,54 @@ def domain_print(i, ip4_pfx, ip6_pfx, ip6_src, eabits_len, psid_offset, psid_len
         print("  ", psid_len, "")
         print("  ", psid_offset, "")
 
+
 def domain_print_end():
-    if format == 'xml':
+    if format == "xml":
         print("")
 
+
 def rule_print(i, psid, dst):
-    if format == 'vpp':
+    if format == "vpp":
         print("map add rule index", i, "psid", psid, "ip6-dst", dst)
-    if format == 'confd':
+    if format == "confd":
         print("binding", psid, "ipv6-addr", dst)
-    if format == 'xml':
+    if format == "xml":
         print("  ")
         print("    ", psid, "")
         print("    ", dst, "")
         print("  ")
 
+
 #
 # Algorithmic mapping Shared IPv4 address
 #
-def algo(ip4_pfx_str, ip6_pfx_str, ip6_src_str, ea_bits_len, psid_offset, psid_len, ip6_src_ecmp = False):
-    domain_print(0, ip4_pfx_str, ip6_pfx_str, ip6_src_str, ea_bits_len, psid_offset, psid_len)
+def algo(
+    ip4_pfx_str,
+    ip6_pfx_str,
+    ip6_src_str,
+    ea_bits_len,
+    psid_offset,
+    psid_len,
+    ip6_src_ecmp=False,
+):
+    domain_print(
+        0, ip4_pfx_str, ip6_pfx_str, ip6_src_str, ea_bits_len, psid_offset, psid_len
+    )
     domain_print_end()
 
+
 #
 # 1:1 Full IPv4 address
 #
-def lw46(ip4_pfx_str, ip6_pfx_str, ip6_src_str, ea_bits_len, psid_offset, psid_len, ip6_src_ecmp = False):
+def lw46(
+    ip4_pfx_str,
+    ip6_pfx_str,
+    ip6_src_str,
+    ea_bits_len,
+    psid_offset,
+    psid_len,
+    ip6_src_ecmp=False,
+):
     ip4_pfx = ipaddress.ip_network(ip4_pfx_str)
     ip6_src = ipaddress.ip_address(ip6_src_str)
     ip6_dst = ipaddress.ip_network(ip6_pfx_str)
@@ -92,15 +139,26 @@ def lw46(ip4_pfx_str, ip6_pfx_str, ip6_src_str, ea_bits_len, psid_offset, psid_l
     mod = ip4_pfx.num_addresses / 1024
 
     for i in range(ip4_pfx.num_addresses):
-        domain_print(i, str(ip4_pfx[i]) + "/32", str(ip6_dst[i]) + "/128", str(ip6_src), 0, 0, 0)
+        domain_print(
+            i, str(ip4_pfx[i]) + "/32", str(ip6_dst[i]) + "/128", str(ip6_src), 0, 0, 0
+        )
         domain_print_end()
         if ip6_src_ecmp and not i % mod:
             ip6_src = ip6_src + 1
 
+
 #
 # 1:1 Shared IPv4 address, shared BR (16) VPP CLI
 #
-def lw46_shared(ip4_pfx_str, ip6_pfx_str, ip6_src_str, ea_bits_len, psid_offset, psid_len, ip6_src_ecmp = False):
+def lw46_shared(
+    ip4_pfx_str,
+    ip6_pfx_str,
+    ip6_src_str,
+    ea_bits_len,
+    psid_offset,
+    psid_len,
+    ip6_src_ecmp=False,
+):
     ip4_pfx = ipaddress.ip_network(ip4_pfx_str)
     ip6_src = ipaddress.ip_address(ip6_src_str)
     ip6_dst = ipaddress.ip_network(ip6_pfx_str)
@@ -109,7 +167,7 @@ def lw46_shared(ip4_pfx_str, ip6_pfx_str, ip6_src_str, ea_bits_len, psid_offset,
     for i in range(ip4_pfx.num_addresses):
         domain_print(i, str(ip4_pfx[i]) + "/32", "::/0", str(ip6_src), 0, 0, psid_len)
         for psid in range(0x1 << int(psid_len)):
-            rule_print(i, psid, str(ip6_dst[(i * (0x1<
     
     
@@ -156,10 +223,13 @@ def xml_header_print():
  
  
 
-    ''')
+    """
+    )
+
 
 def xml_footer_print():
-    print('''
+    print(
+        """
 
 
 
@@ -175,12 +245,20 @@ def xml_footer_print():
     
 
 ]]>]]>
-    ''')
+    """
+    )
 
 
 format = args.format
-if format == 'xml':
+if format == "xml":
     xml_header_print()
-globals()[args.mapmode](args.ip4_pfx, args.ip6_pfx, args.ip6_src, args.ea_bits_len, args.psid_offset, args.psid_len)
-if format == 'xml':
+globals()[args.mapmode](
+    args.ip4_pfx,
+    args.ip6_pfx,
+    args.ip6_src,
+    args.ea_bits_len,
+    args.psid_offset,
+    args.psid_len,
+)
+if format == "xml":
     xml_footer_print()
diff --git a/src/plugins/map/examples/test_map.py b/src/plugins/map/examples/test_map.py
index 7a48964b3f2..02df64015a2 100755
--- a/src/plugins/map/examples/test_map.py
+++ b/src/plugins/map/examples/test_map.py
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 
-import time,argparse,sys,cmd, unittest
+import time, argparse, sys, cmd, unittest
 from ipaddress import *
 
-parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='VPP MAP test')
-parser.add_argument('-i', nargs='*', action="store", dest="inputdir")
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="VPP MAP test")
+parser.add_argument("-i", nargs="*", action="store", dest="inputdir")
 args = parser.parse_args()
 
 for dir in args.inputdir:
@@ -14,115 +14,150 @@ from vpp_papi import *
 #
 # 1:1 Shared IPv4 address, shared BR (16) VPP CLI
 #
-def lw46_shared(ip4_pfx_str, ip6_pfx_str, ip6_src_str, ea_bits_len, psid_offset, psid_len, ip6_src_ecmp = False):
+def lw46_shared(
+    ip4_pfx_str,
+    ip6_pfx_str,
+    ip6_src_str,
+    ea_bits_len,
+    psid_offset,
+    psid_len,
+    ip6_src_ecmp=False,
+):
     ip4_pfx = ip_network(ip4_pfx_str)
     ip6_src = ip_address(ip6_src_str)
     ip6_dst = ip_network(ip6_pfx_str)
-    ip6_nul = IPv6Address(u'0::0')
+    ip6_nul = IPv6Address("0::0")
     mod = ip4_pfx.num_addresses / 1024
 
     for i in range(ip4_pfx.num_addresses):
         a = time.clock()
-        t = map_add_domain(0, ip6_nul.packed, ip4_pfx[i].packed, ip6_src.packed, 0, 32, 128, ea_bits_len, psid_offset, psid_len, 0, 0)
-        #print "Return from map_add_domain", t
+        t = map_add_domain(
+            0,
+            ip6_nul.packed,
+            ip4_pfx[i].packed,
+            ip6_src.packed,
+            0,
+            32,
+            128,
+            ea_bits_len,
+            psid_offset,
+            psid_len,
+            0,
+            0,
+        )
+        # print "Return from map_add_domain", t
         if t == None:
-            print "map_add_domain failed"
+            print("map_add_domain failed")
             continue
         if t.retval != 0:
-            print "map_add_domain failed", t
+            print(f"map_add_domain failed, {t}")
             continue
         for psid in range(0x1 << int(psid_len)):
-            r = map_add_del_rule(0, t.index, 1, (ip6_dst[(i * (0x1<H', msg[0:2])
-                size = unpack('>H', msg[2:4])
-                print "Received", id, "of size", size
+                # print msg
+                id = unpack(">H", msg[0:2])
+                size = unpack(">H", msg[2:4])
+                print(f"Received {id} of size {size}")
                 i += 1
-                #del msg
+                # del msg
                 continue
 
-            #time.sleep(0.001)
+            # time.sleep(0.001)
         return
 
+
 # Create RX thread
 rxthread = RXThread()
 rxthread.setDaemon(True)
-        
-print "Connect", connect_to_vpe("client124")
+
+print(f"Connect {connect_to_vpe('client124')}")
 import timeit
+
 rxthread.start()
-print "After thread started"
+print("After thread started")
 
-#pneum_kill_thread()
-print "After thread killed"
+# pneum_kill_thread()
+print("After thread killed")
 
-#t = show_version(0)
-#print "Result from show version", t
+# t = show_version(0)
+# print "Result from show version", t
 
-print timeit.timeit('t = show_version(0)', number=1000, setup="from __main__ import show_version")
+print(
+    f"{timeit.timeit('t = show_version(0)', number=1000, setup='from __main__ import show_version')}"
+)
 time.sleep(10)
-#print timeit.timeit('control_ping(0)', number=10, setup="from __main__ import control_ping")
+# print timeit.timeit('control_ping(0)', number=10, setup="from __main__ import control_ping")
 
 
 disconnect_from_vpe()
 sys.exit()
 
 
-print t.program, t.version,t.builddate,t.builddirectory
+print(f"{t.program} {t.version}{t.builddate}{t.builddirectory}")
 
-'''
+"""
 
 t = map_domain_dump(0)
 if not t:
@@ -131,11 +166,9 @@ if not t:
 for d in t:
     print("IP6 prefix:",str(IPv6Address(d.ip6prefix)))
     print( "IP4 prefix:",str(IPv4Address(d.ip4prefix)))
-'''
+"""
 
 suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(TestMAP)
 unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)
 
 disconnect_from_vpe()
-
-
diff --git a/src/plugins/map/gen-rules.py b/src/plugins/map/gen-rules.py
index e43b8e155be..7e74f14ad6f 100755
--- a/src/plugins/map/gen-rules.py
+++ b/src/plugins/map/gen-rules.py
@@ -21,87 +21,142 @@ import sys
 # map add domain ip4-pfx  ip6-pfx ::/0 ip6-src  ea-bits-len 0 psid-offset 6 psid-len 6
 # map add rule index <0> psid  ip6-dst 
 
-parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='MAP VPP configuration generator')
-parser.add_argument('-t', action="store", dest="mapmode")
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="MAP VPP configuration generator")
+parser.add_argument("-t", action="store", dest="mapmode")
 args = parser.parse_args()
 
 #
 # 1:1 Shared IPv4 address, shared BR
 #
 def shared11br():
-    ip4_pfx = ipaddress.ip_network('20.0.0.0/16')
-    ip6_dst = ipaddress.ip_network('bbbb::/32')
+    ip4_pfx = ipaddress.ip_network("20.0.0.0/16")
+    ip6_dst = ipaddress.ip_network("bbbb::/32")
     psid_len = 6
     for i in range(ip4_pfx.num_addresses):
-        print("map add domain ip4-pfx " + str(ip4_pfx[i]) +  "/32 ip6-pfx ::/0 ip6-shared-src cccc:bbbb::1",
-              "ea-bits-len 0 psid-offset 6 psid-len", psid_len)
+        print(
+            "map add domain ip4-pfx "
+            + str(ip4_pfx[i])
+            + "/32 ip6-pfx ::/0 ip6-shared-src cccc:bbbb::1",
+            "ea-bits-len 0 psid-offset 6 psid-len",
+            psid_len,
+        )
         for psid in range(0x1 << psid_len):
-            print("map add rule index", i, "psid", psid, "ip6-dst", ip6_dst[(i * (0x1< n_sent):
+        if n_rcvd < n_sent or n_rcvd > n_sent:
             print("Sent {} and got back {}".format(n_sent, n_rcvd))
         else:
-            print("Got back what we've sent!!");
+            print("Got back what we've sent!!")
 
     finally:
         sock.close()
+
+
 def run_udp_client(ip, port):
     print("Starting UDP client {}:{}".format(repr(ip), repr(port)))
     n_packets = 100
@@ -104,38 +121,43 @@ def run_udp_client(ip, port):
     server_address = (ip, int(port))
     data = prepare_data(10)
     try:
-        for i in range (0, n_packets):
+        for i in range(0, n_packets):
             sock.sendto(data, server_address)
     finally:
         sock.close()
+
+
 def run_client(ip, port, proto):
-    if (proto == "tcp"):
+    if proto == "tcp":
         run_tcp_client(ip, port)
-    elif (proto == "udp"):
+    elif proto == "udp":
         run_udp_client(ip, port)
+
+
 def run(mode, ip, port, proto):
-    if (mode == "server"):
-        run_server (ip, port, proto)
-    elif (mode == "client"):
-        run_client (ip, port, proto)
+    if mode == "server":
+        run_server(ip, port, proto)
+    elif mode == "client":
+        run_client(ip, port, proto)
     else:
         raise Exception("Unknown mode. Only client and server supported")
 
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
-    parser.add_argument('-m', action='store', dest='mode')
-    parser.add_argument('-i', action='store', dest='ip')
-    parser.add_argument('-p', action='store', dest='port')
-    parser.add_argument('-proto', action='store', dest='proto')
-    parser.add_argument('-a', action='store', dest='action')
-    parser.add_argument('-t', action='store', dest='test')
+    parser.add_argument("-m", action="store", dest="mode")
+    parser.add_argument("-i", action="store", dest="ip")
+    parser.add_argument("-p", action="store", dest="port")
+    parser.add_argument("-proto", action="store", dest="proto")
+    parser.add_argument("-a", action="store", dest="action")
+    parser.add_argument("-t", action="store", dest="test")
     results = parser.parse_args()
     action = results.action
     test = results.test
     run(results.mode, results.ip, results.port, results.proto)
-    #if (len(sys.argv)) < 4:
+    # if (len(sys.argv)) < 4:
     #    raise Exception("Usage: ./dummy_app    [ ]")
-    #if (len(sys.argv) == 6):
+    # if (len(sys.argv) == 6):
     #    action = sys.argv[4]
     #    test = int(sys.argv[5])
-    #run (sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2], int(sys.argv[3]))
+    # run (sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2], int(sys.argv[3]))
diff --git a/src/tools/vppapigen/generate_go.py b/src/tools/vppapigen/generate_go.py
index 1fb53c715e2..fa53bc3dca3 100755
--- a/src/tools/vppapigen/generate_go.py
+++ b/src/tools/vppapigen/generate_go.py
@@ -17,10 +17,12 @@ import sys
 
 def get_go_version(go_root):
     # Returns version of the installed Go
-    p = subprocess.Popen(["./go", "version"],
-                         cwd=go_root + "/bin",
-                         stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
-                         universal_newlines=True, )
+    p = subprocess.Popen(
+        ["./go", "version"],
+        cwd=go_root + "/bin",
+        stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+        universal_newlines=True,
+    )
     output, _ = p.communicate()
     output_fmt = output.replace("go version go", "", 1)
 
@@ -29,10 +31,12 @@ def get_go_version(go_root):
 
 # Returns version of the installed binary API generator
 def get_binapi_gen_version(go_path):
-    p = subprocess.Popen(["./binapi-generator", "-version"],
-                         cwd=go_path + "/bin",
-                         stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
-                         universal_newlines=True, )
+    p = subprocess.Popen(
+        ["./binapi-generator", "-version"],
+        cwd=go_path + "/bin",
+        stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+        universal_newlines=True,
+    )
     output, _ = p.communicate()
     output_fmt = output.replace("govpp", "", 1)
 
@@ -45,11 +49,12 @@ def install_golang(go_root):
     go_bin = go_root + "/bin/go"
 
     if os.path.exists(go_bin) and os.path.isfile(go_bin):
-        print('Go ' + get_go_version(go_root) + ' is already installed')
+        print("Go " + get_go_version(go_root) + " is already installed")
         return
 
-    filename = requests.get(
-        'https://golang.org/VERSION?m=text').text + ".linux-amd64.tar.gz"
+    filename = (
+        requests.get("https://golang.org/VERSION?m=text").text + ".linux-amd64.tar.gz"
+    )
     url = "https://dl.google.com/go/" + filename
 
     print("Go binary not found, installing the latest version...")
@@ -61,13 +66,13 @@ def install_golang(go_root):
         print("Aborting...")
         exit(1)
 
-    go_folders = ['src', 'pkg', 'bin']
+    go_folders = ["src", "pkg", "bin"]
 
     for f in go_folders:
         if not os.path.exists(os.path.join(go_root, f)):
             os.makedirs(os.path.join(go_root, f))
     r = requests.get(url)
-    with open("/tmp/" + filename, 'wb') as f:
+    with open("/tmp/" + filename, "wb") as f:
         f.write(r.content)
 
     go_tf = tarfile.open("/tmp/" + filename)
@@ -78,32 +83,30 @@ def install_golang(go_root):
     go_tf.close()
     os.remove("/tmp/" + filename)
 
-    print('Go ' + get_go_version(go_root) + ' was installed')
+    print("Go " + get_go_version(go_root) + " was installed")
 
 
 # Installs latest binary API generator
 def install_binapi_gen(c, go_root, go_path):
-    os.environ['GO111MODULE'] = "on"
-    if (os.path.exists(go_root + "/bin/go") and
-            os.path.isfile(go_root + "/bin/go")):
-        p = subprocess.Popen(["./go", "get",
-                              "git.fd.io/govpp.git/cmd/binapi-generator@" + c],
-                             cwd=go_root + "/bin",
-                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
-                             stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
-                             universal_newlines=True, )
+    os.environ["GO111MODULE"] = "on"
+    if os.path.exists(go_root + "/bin/go") and os.path.isfile(go_root + "/bin/go"):
+        p = subprocess.Popen(
+            ["./go", "get", "git.fd.io/govpp.git/cmd/binapi-generator@" + c],
+            cwd=go_root + "/bin",
+            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+            stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+            universal_newlines=True,
+        )
         _, error = p.communicate()
         if p.returncode != 0:
-            print("binapi generator installation failed: %d %s" %
-                  (p.returncode, error))
+            print("binapi generator installation failed: %d %s" % (p.returncode, error))
             sys.exit(1)
     bg_ver = get_binapi_gen_version(go_path)
-    print('Installed binary API generator ' + bg_ver)
+    print("Installed binary API generator " + bg_ver)
 
 
 # Creates generated bindings using GoVPP binapigen to the target folder
-def generate_api(output_dir, vpp_dir, api_list, import_prefix,
-                 no_source, go_path):
+def generate_api(output_dir, vpp_dir, api_list, import_prefix, no_source, go_path):
     json_dir = vpp_dir + "/build-root/install-vpp-native/vpp/share/vpp/api"
 
     if not os.path.exists(json_dir):
@@ -115,19 +118,20 @@ def generate_api(output_dir, vpp_dir, api_list, import_prefix,
     if output_dir:
         cmd += ["--output-dir=" + output_dir]
     if len(api_list):
-        print("Following API files were requested by 'GO_API_FILES': " +
-              str(api_list))
-        print("Note that dependency requirements may generate "
-              "additional API files")
+        print("Following API files were requested by 'GO_API_FILES': " + str(api_list))
+        print("Note that dependency requirements may generate " "additional API files")
         cmd.append(api_list)
     if import_prefix:
         cmd.append("-import-prefix=" + import_prefix)
     if no_source:
         cmd.append("-no-source-path-info")
-    p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, cwd=go_path + "/bin",
-                         stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
-                         stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
-                         universal_newlines=True, )
+    p = subprocess.Popen(
+        cmd,
+        cwd=go_path + "/bin",
+        stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+        stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+        universal_newlines=True,
+    )
 
     out = p.communicate()[1]
     if p.returncode != 0:
@@ -150,50 +154,70 @@ def main():
     vpp_dir = root.parent.parent.parent
 
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
-    parser.add_argument("-govpp-commit", "--govpp-commit",
-                        help="GoVPP commit or branch "
-                             "(defaults to v0.3.5-45-g671f16c)",
-                        default="671f16c",  # fixed GoVPP version
-                        type=str)
-    parser.add_argument("-output-dir", "--output-dir",
-                        help="output target directory for generated bindings",
-                        type=str,
-                        default=os.path.join(vpp_dir, "vppbinapi"))
-    parser.add_argument("-api-files", "--api-files",
-                        help="api files to generate (without commas)",
-                        nargs="+",
-                        type=str,
-                        default=[])
-    parser.add_argument("-import-prefix", "--import-prefix",
-                        help="prefix imports in the generated go code",
-                        default="",
-                        type=str)
-    parser.add_argument("-no-source-path-info", "--no-source-path-info",
-                        help="disable source path info in generated files",
-                        nargs='?',
-                        const=True,
-                        default=True)
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-govpp-commit",
+        "--govpp-commit",
+        help="GoVPP commit or branch " "(defaults to v0.3.5-45-g671f16c)",
+        default="671f16c",  # fixed GoVPP version
+        type=str,
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-output-dir",
+        "--output-dir",
+        help="output target directory for generated bindings",
+        type=str,
+        default=os.path.join(vpp_dir, "vppbinapi"),
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-api-files",
+        "--api-files",
+        help="api files to generate (without commas)",
+        nargs="+",
+        type=str,
+        default=[],
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-import-prefix",
+        "--import-prefix",
+        help="prefix imports in the generated go code",
+        default="",
+        type=str,
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-no-source-path-info",
+        "--no-source-path-info",
+        help="disable source path info in generated files",
+        nargs="?",
+        const=True,
+        default=True,
+    )
     args = parser.parse_args()
 
     # go specific environment variables
     if "GOROOT" in os.environ:
-        go_root = os.environ['GOROOT']
+        go_root = os.environ["GOROOT"]
     else:
         go_binary = shutil.which("go")
         if go_binary != "":
             go_binary_dir, _ = os.path.split(go_binary)
             go_root = os.path.join(go_binary_dir, "..")
         else:
-            go_root = os.environ['HOME'] + "/.go"
+            go_root = os.environ["HOME"] + "/.go"
     if "GOPATH" in os.environ:
-        go_path = os.environ['GOPATH']
+        go_path = os.environ["GOPATH"]
     else:
-        go_path = os.environ['HOME'] + "/go"
+        go_path = os.environ["HOME"] + "/go"
 
     install_golang(go_root)
     install_binapi_gen(args.govpp_commit, go_root, go_path)
-    generate_api(args.output_dir, str(vpp_dir), args.api_files,
-                 args.import_prefix, args.no_source_path_info, go_path)
+    generate_api(
+        args.output_dir,
+        str(vpp_dir),
+        args.api_files,
+        args.import_prefix,
+        args.no_source_path_info,
+        go_path,
+    )
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/src/tools/vppapigen/generate_json.py b/src/tools/vppapigen/generate_json.py
index 288e519edd2..e8041c5a3eb 100755
--- a/src/tools/vppapigen/generate_json.py
+++ b/src/tools/vppapigen/generate_json.py
@@ -16,30 +16,37 @@
 import argparse
 import pathlib
 import subprocess
-BASE_DIR = subprocess.check_output('git rev-parse --show-toplevel',
-                                   shell=True).strip().decode()
+
+BASE_DIR = (
+    subprocess.check_output("git rev-parse --show-toplevel", shell=True)
+    .strip()
+    .decode()
+)
 vppapigen_bin = pathlib.Path(
-    '%s/src/tools/vppapigen/vppapigen.py' % BASE_DIR).as_posix()
+    "%s/src/tools/vppapigen/vppapigen.py" % BASE_DIR
+).as_posix()
 
 src_dir_depth = 3
 output_path = pathlib.Path(
-    '%s/build-root/install-vpp-native/vpp/share/vpp/api/' % BASE_DIR)
+    "%s/build-root/install-vpp-native/vpp/share/vpp/api/" % BASE_DIR
+)
 output_path_debug = pathlib.Path(
-    '%s/build-root/install-vpp_debug-native/vpp/share/vpp/api/' % BASE_DIR)
+    "%s/build-root/install-vpp_debug-native/vpp/share/vpp/api/" % BASE_DIR
+)
 
 output_dir_map = {
-    'plugins': 'plugins',
-    'vlibmemory': 'core',
-    'vnet': 'core',
-    'vlib': 'core',
-    'vpp': 'core',
+    "plugins": "plugins",
+    "vlibmemory": "core",
+    "vnet": "core",
+    "vlib": "core",
+    "vpp": "core",
 }
 
 
 def api_search_globs(src_dir):
     globs = []
     for g in output_dir_map:
-        globs.extend(list(src_dir.glob('%s/**/*.api' % g)))
+        globs.extend(list(src_dir.glob("%s/**/*.api" % g)))
     return globs
 
 
@@ -51,28 +58,41 @@ def api_files(src_dir):
 def vppapigen(vppapigen_bin, output_path, src_dir, src_file):
     try:
         subprocess.check_output(
-            [vppapigen_bin, '--includedir', src_dir.as_posix(),
-             '--input', src_file.as_posix(), 'JSON',
-             '--output', '%s/%s/%s.json' % (
-                 output_path,
-                 output_dir_map[src_file.as_posix().split('/')[
-                     src_dir_depth + BASE_DIR.count('/') - 1]],
-                 src_file.name)])
+            [
+                vppapigen_bin,
+                "--includedir",
+                src_dir.as_posix(),
+                "--input",
+                src_file.as_posix(),
+                "JSON",
+                "--output",
+                "%s/%s/%s.json"
+                % (
+                    output_path,
+                    output_dir_map[
+                        src_file.as_posix().split("/")[
+                            src_dir_depth + BASE_DIR.count("/") - 1
+                        ]
+                    ],
+                    src_file.name,
+                ),
+            ]
+        )
     except KeyError:
-        print('src_file: %s' % src_file)
+        print("src_file: %s" % src_file)
         raise
 
 
 def main():
-    cliparser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        description='VPP API JSON definition generator')
-    cliparser.add_argument('--srcdir', action='store',
-                           default='%s/src' % BASE_DIR),
-    cliparser.add_argument('--output', action='store',
-                           help='directory to store files'),
-    cliparser.add_argument('--debug-target', action='store_true',
-                           default=False,
-                           help="'True' if -debug target"),
+    cliparser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="VPP API JSON definition generator")
+    cliparser.add_argument("--srcdir", action="store", default="%s/src" % BASE_DIR),
+    cliparser.add_argument("--output", action="store", help="directory to store files"),
+    cliparser.add_argument(
+        "--debug-target",
+        action="store_true",
+        default=False,
+        help="'True' if -debug target",
+    ),
     args = cliparser.parse_args()
 
     src_dir = pathlib.Path(args.srcdir)
@@ -86,13 +106,13 @@ def main():
     for d in output_dir_map.values():
         output_dir.joinpath(d).mkdir(exist_ok=True, parents=True)
 
-    for f in output_dir.glob('**/*.api.json'):
+    for f in output_dir.glob("**/*.api.json"):
         f.unlink()
 
     for f in api_files(src_dir):
         vppapigen(vppapigen_bin, output_dir, src_dir, f)
-    print('json files written to: %s/.' % output_dir)
+    print("json files written to: %s/." % output_dir)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     main()
diff --git a/src/tools/vppapigen/test_vppapigen.py b/src/tools/vppapigen/test_vppapigen.py
index c454ffc8638..20f6c6da10d 100755
--- a/src/tools/vppapigen/test_vppapigen.py
+++ b/src/tools/vppapigen/test_vppapigen.py
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 
 import unittest
-from vppapigen import VPPAPI, Option, ParseError, Union, foldup_crcs, \
-    global_types
+from vppapigen import VPPAPI, Option, ParseError, Union, foldup_crcs, global_types
 import vppapigen
 
 
@@ -28,17 +27,17 @@ class TestUnion(unittest.TestCase):
         cls.parser = VPPAPI()
 
     def test_union(self):
-        test_string = '''
+        test_string = """
         union foo_union {
         u32 a;
         u8 b;
         };
-        '''
+        """
         r = self.parser.parse_string(test_string)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(r[0], Union))
 
     def test_union_vla(self):
-        test_string = '''
+        test_string = """
         union foo_union_vla {
         u32 a;
         u8 b[a];
@@ -46,13 +45,13 @@ class TestUnion(unittest.TestCase):
         autoreply define foo {
         vl_api_foo_union_vla_t v;
         };
-        '''
+        """
         r = self.parser.parse_string(test_string)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(r[0], Union))
         self.assertTrue(r[0].vla)
         s = self.parser.process(r)
 
-        test_string2 = '''
+        test_string2 = """
         union foo_union_vla2 {
         u32 a;
         u8 b[a];
@@ -61,10 +60,10 @@ class TestUnion(unittest.TestCase):
         autoreply define foo2 {
         vl_api_foo_union_vla2_t v;
         };
-        '''
+        """
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.parser.parse_string, test_string2)
 
-        test_string3 = '''
+        test_string3 = """
         union foo_union_vla3 {
         u32 a;
         u8 b[a];
@@ -73,7 +72,7 @@ class TestUnion(unittest.TestCase):
         vl_api_foo_union_vla3_t v;
         u32 x;
         };
-        '''
+        """
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.parser.parse_string, test_string3)
 
 
@@ -83,10 +82,10 @@ class TestTypedef(unittest.TestCase):
         cls.parser = VPPAPI()
 
     def test_duplicatetype(self):
-        test_string = '''
+        test_string = """
         typedef foo1 { u8 dummy; };
         typedef foo1 { u8 dummy; };
-        '''
+        """
         self.assertRaises(KeyError, self.parser.parse_string, test_string)
 
 
@@ -96,42 +95,42 @@ class TestDefine(unittest.TestCase):
         cls.parser = VPPAPI()
 
     def test_unknowntype(self):
-        test_string = 'define foo { foobar foo;};'
+        test_string = "define foo { foobar foo;};"
         with self.assertRaises(ParseError) as ctx:
             self.parser.parse_string(test_string)
-        self.assertIn('Undefined type: foobar', str(ctx.exception))
+        self.assertIn("Undefined type: foobar", str(ctx.exception))
 
-        test_string = 'define { u8 foo;};'
+        test_string = "define { u8 foo;};"
         with self.assertRaises(ParseError) as ctx:
             self.parser.parse_string(test_string)
 
     def test_flags(self):
-        test_string = '''
+        test_string = """
           manual_print dont_trace manual_endian define foo { u8 foo; };
           define foo_reply {u32 context; i32 retval; };
-        '''
+        """
         r = self.parser.parse_string(test_string)
         self.assertIsNotNone(r)
         s = self.parser.process(r)
         self.assertIsNotNone(s)
-        for d in s['Define']:
-            if d.name == 'foo':
+        for d in s["Define"]:
+            if d.name == "foo":
                 self.assertTrue(d.dont_trace)
                 self.assertTrue(d.manual_endian)
                 self.assertTrue(d.manual_print)
                 self.assertFalse(d.autoreply)
 
-        test_string = '''
+        test_string = """
           nonexisting_flag define foo { u8 foo; };
-        '''
+        """
         with self.assertRaises(ParseError):
             self.parser.parse_string(test_string)
 
     def test_options(self):
-        test_string = '''
+        test_string = """
           define foo { option deprecated; u8 foo; };
           define foo_reply {u32 context; i32 retval; };
-        '''
+        """
         r = self.parser.parse_string(test_string)
         self.assertIsNotNone(r)
         s = self.parser.process(r)
@@ -144,14 +143,14 @@ class TestService(unittest.TestCase):
         cls.parser = VPPAPI()
 
     def test_service(self):
-        test_string = '''
+        test_string = """
          autoreply define show_version { u8 foo;};
          service { rpc show_version returns show_version_reply; };
-        '''
+        """
         r = self.parser.parse_string(test_string)
         s = self.parser.process(r)
-        self.assertEqual(s['Service'][0].caller, 'show_version')
-        self.assertEqual(s['Service'][0].reply, 'show_version_reply')
+        self.assertEqual(s["Service"][0].caller, "show_version")
+        self.assertEqual(s["Service"][0].reply, "show_version_reply")
 
 
 def get_crc(apistring, name):
@@ -159,52 +158,52 @@ def get_crc(apistring, name):
     parser = vppapigen.VPPAPI()
     r = parser.parse_string(apistring)
     s = parser.process(r)
-    foldup_crcs(s['Define'])
-    d = [f for f in s['Define'] if f.name == name]
+    foldup_crcs(s["Define"])
+    d = [f for f in s["Define"] if f.name == name]
     return d[0].crc
 
 
 class TestCRC(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_crc(self):
-        test_string = '''
+        test_string = """
          typedef list { u8 foo; };
          autoreply define foo { u8 foo; vl_api_list_t l;};
-        '''
-        crc = get_crc(test_string, 'foo')
+        """
+        crc = get_crc(test_string, "foo")
 
         # modify underlying type
-        test_string = '''
+        test_string = """
          typedef list { u8 foo2; };
          autoreply define foo { u8 foo;  vl_api_list_t l;};
-        '''
-        crc2 = get_crc(test_string, 'foo')
+        """
+        crc2 = get_crc(test_string, "foo")
         self.assertNotEqual(crc, crc2)
 
         # two user-defined types
-        test_string = '''
+        test_string = """
          typedef address { u8 foo2; };
          typedef list { u8 foo2; vl_api_address_t add; };
          autoreply define foo { u8 foo;  vl_api_list_t l;};
-        '''
-        crc3 = get_crc(test_string, 'foo')
+        """
+        crc3 = get_crc(test_string, "foo")
 
-        test_string = '''
+        test_string = """
          typedef address { u8 foo3; };
          typedef list { u8 foo2; vl_api_address_t add; };
          autoreply define foo { u8 foo;  vl_api_list_t l;};
-        '''
-        crc4 = get_crc(test_string, 'foo')
+        """
+        crc4 = get_crc(test_string, "foo")
         self.assertNotEqual(crc3, crc4)
 
-        test_string = '''
+        test_string = """
          typedef address { u8 foo3; };
          typedef list { u8 foo2; vl_api_address_t add; u8 foo3; };
          autoreply define foo { u8 foo;  vl_api_list_t l;};
-        '''
-        crc5 = get_crc(test_string, 'foo')
+        """
+        crc5 = get_crc(test_string, "foo")
         self.assertNotEqual(crc4, crc5)
 
-        test_string = '''
+        test_string = """
 typedef ip6_address
 {
   u8 foo;
@@ -227,11 +226,11 @@ autoreply define sr_policy_add
   u32 fib_table;
   vl_api_srv6_sid_list_t sids;
 };
-'''
+"""
 
-        crc = get_crc(test_string, 'sr_policy_add')
+        crc = get_crc(test_string, "sr_policy_add")
 
-        test_string = '''
+        test_string = """
 typedef ip6_address
 {
   u8 foo;
@@ -253,14 +252,13 @@ autoreply define sr_policy_add
   u32 fib_table;
   vl_api_srv6_sid_list_t sids;
 };
-'''
-        crc2 = get_crc(test_string, 'sr_policy_add')
+"""
+        crc2 = get_crc(test_string, "sr_policy_add")
 
         self.assertNotEqual(crc, crc2)
 
 
 class TestEnum(unittest.TestCase):
-
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
         cls.parser = VPPAPI()
@@ -278,8 +276,8 @@ enum tunnel_mode : u8
         r = self.parser.parse_string(test_string)
         self.assertIsNotNone(r)
         s = self.parser.process(r)
-        for o in s['types']:
-            if o.type == 'Enum':
+        for o in s["types"]:
+            if o.type == "Enum":
                 self.assertEqual(o.name, "tunnel_mode")
                 break
         else:
@@ -298,8 +296,8 @@ enum virtio_flags {
         r = self.parser.parse_string(test_string)
         self.assertIsNotNone(r)
         s = self.parser.process(r)
-        for o in s['types']:
-            if o.type == 'Enum':
+        for o in s["types"]:
+            if o.type == "Enum":
                 self.assertEqual(o.name, "virtio_flags")
                 break
         else:
@@ -307,7 +305,6 @@ enum virtio_flags {
 
 
 class TestEnumFlag(unittest.TestCase):
-
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
         cls.parser = VPPAPI()
@@ -326,8 +323,9 @@ enumflag tunnel_mode_ef : u8
         with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as ctx:
             r = self.parser.parse_string(test_string)
 
-        self.assertTrue(str(ctx.exception).startswith(
-            'tunnel_mode_ef is not a flag enum.'))
+        self.assertTrue(
+            str(ctx.exception).startswith("tunnel_mode_ef is not a flag enum.")
+        )
 
     def test_enumflag_as_enumflag(self):
         test_string = """\
@@ -342,13 +340,13 @@ enumflag virtio_flags_ef {
         r = self.parser.parse_string(test_string)
         self.assertIsNotNone(r)
         s = self.parser.process(r)
-        for o in s['types']:
-            if o.type == 'EnumFlag':
+        for o in s["types"]:
+            if o.type == "EnumFlag":
                 self.assertEqual(o.name, "virtio_flags_ef")
                 break
         else:
             self.fail()
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(verbosity=2)
diff --git a/src/tools/vppapigen/vppapigen.py b/src/tools/vppapigen/vppapigen.py
index 8415c28fb7b..c7bc68180a8 100755
--- a/src/tools/vppapigen/vppapigen.py
+++ b/src/tools/vppapigen/vppapigen.py
@@ -10,9 +10,10 @@ from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
 import ply.lex as lex
 import ply.yacc as yacc
 
-assert sys.version_info >= (3, 5), \
-    "Not supported Python version: {}".format(sys.version)
-log = logging.getLogger('vppapigen')
+assert sys.version_info >= (3, 5), "Not supported Python version: {}".format(
+    sys.version
+)
+log = logging.getLogger("vppapigen")
 
 # Ensure we don't leave temporary files around
 sys.dont_write_bytecode = True
@@ -28,11 +29,10 @@ seen_imports = {}
 
 
 def global_type_add(name, obj):
-    '''Add new type to the dictionary of types '''
-    type_name = 'vl_api_' + name + '_t'
+    """Add new type to the dictionary of types"""
+    type_name = "vl_api_" + name + "_t"
     if type_name in global_types:
-        raise KeyError("Attempted redefinition of {!r} with {!r}.".format(
-            name, obj))
+        raise KeyError("Attempted redefinition of {!r} with {!r}.".format(name, obj))
     global_types[type_name] = obj
 
 
@@ -49,104 +49,104 @@ class VPPAPILexer:
         self.filename = filename
 
     reserved = {
-        'service': 'SERVICE',
-        'rpc': 'RPC',
-        'returns': 'RETURNS',
-        'null': 'NULL',
-        'stream': 'STREAM',
-        'events': 'EVENTS',
-        'define': 'DEFINE',
-        'typedef': 'TYPEDEF',
-        'enum': 'ENUM',
-        'enumflag': 'ENUMFLAG',
-        'typeonly': 'TYPEONLY',
-        'manual_print': 'MANUAL_PRINT',
-        'manual_endian': 'MANUAL_ENDIAN',
-        'dont_trace': 'DONT_TRACE',
-        'autoreply': 'AUTOREPLY',
-        'autoendian': 'AUTOENDIAN',
-        'option': 'OPTION',
-        'u8': 'U8',
-        'u16': 'U16',
-        'u32': 'U32',
-        'u64': 'U64',
-        'i8': 'I8',
-        'i16': 'I16',
-        'i32': 'I32',
-        'i64': 'I64',
-        'f64': 'F64',
-        'bool': 'BOOL',
-        'string': 'STRING',
-        'import': 'IMPORT',
-        'true': 'TRUE',
-        'false': 'FALSE',
-        'union': 'UNION',
-        'counters': 'COUNTERS',
-        'paths': 'PATHS',
-        'units': 'UNITS',
-        'severity': 'SEVERITY',
-        'type': 'TYPE',
-        'description': 'DESCRIPTION',
+        "service": "SERVICE",
+        "rpc": "RPC",
+        "returns": "RETURNS",
+        "null": "NULL",
+        "stream": "STREAM",
+        "events": "EVENTS",
+        "define": "DEFINE",
+        "typedef": "TYPEDEF",
+        "enum": "ENUM",
+        "enumflag": "ENUMFLAG",
+        "typeonly": "TYPEONLY",
+        "manual_print": "MANUAL_PRINT",
+        "manual_endian": "MANUAL_ENDIAN",
+        "dont_trace": "DONT_TRACE",
+        "autoreply": "AUTOREPLY",
+        "autoendian": "AUTOENDIAN",
+        "option": "OPTION",
+        "u8": "U8",
+        "u16": "U16",
+        "u32": "U32",
+        "u64": "U64",
+        "i8": "I8",
+        "i16": "I16",
+        "i32": "I32",
+        "i64": "I64",
+        "f64": "F64",
+        "bool": "BOOL",
+        "string": "STRING",
+        "import": "IMPORT",
+        "true": "TRUE",
+        "false": "FALSE",
+        "union": "UNION",
+        "counters": "COUNTERS",
+        "paths": "PATHS",
+        "units": "UNITS",
+        "severity": "SEVERITY",
+        "type": "TYPE",
+        "description": "DESCRIPTION",
     }
 
-    tokens = ['STRING_LITERAL',
-              'ID', 'NUM'] + list(reserved.values())
+    tokens = ["STRING_LITERAL", "ID", "NUM"] + list(reserved.values())
 
-    t_ignore_LINE_COMMENT = '//.*'
+    t_ignore_LINE_COMMENT = "//.*"
 
     def t_FALSE(self, t):
-        r'false'
+        r"false"
         t.value = False
         return t
 
     def t_TRUE(self, t):
-        r'false'
+        r"false"
         t.value = True
         return t
 
     def t_NUM(self, t):
-        r'0[xX][0-9a-fA-F]+|-?\d+\.?\d*'
-        base = 16 if t.value.startswith('0x') else 10
-        if '.' in t.value:
+        r"0[xX][0-9a-fA-F]+|-?\d+\.?\d*"
+        base = 16 if t.value.startswith("0x") else 10
+        if "." in t.value:
             t.value = float(t.value)
         else:
             t.value = int(t.value, base)
         return t
 
     def t_ID(self, t):
-        r'[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*'
+        r"[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*"
         # Check for reserved words
-        t.type = VPPAPILexer.reserved.get(t.value, 'ID')
+        t.type = VPPAPILexer.reserved.get(t.value, "ID")
         return t
 
     # C string
     def t_STRING_LITERAL(self, t):
-        r'\"([^\\\n]|(\\.))*?\"'
-        t.value = str(t.value).replace("\"", "")
+        r"\"([^\\\n]|(\\.))*?\" "
+        t.value = str(t.value).replace('"', "")
         return t
 
     # C or C++ comment (ignore)
     def t_comment(self, t):
-        r'(/\*(.|\n)*?\*/)|(//.*)'
-        t.lexer.lineno += t.value.count('\n')
+        r"(/\*(.|\n)*?\*/)|(//.*)"
+        t.lexer.lineno += t.value.count("\n")
 
     # Error handling rule
     def t_error(self, t):
-        raise ParseError("Illegal character '{}' ({})"
-                         "in {}: line {}".format(t.value[0],
-                                                 hex(ord(t.value[0])),
-                                                 self.filename,
-                                                 t.lexer.lineno))
+        raise ParseError(
+            "Illegal character '{}' ({})"
+            "in {}: line {}".format(
+                t.value[0], hex(ord(t.value[0])), self.filename, t.lexer.lineno
+            )
+        )
 
     # Define a rule so we can track line numbers
     def t_newline(self, t):
-        r'\n+'
+        r"\n+"
         t.lexer.lineno += len(t.value)
 
     literals = ":{}[];=.,"
 
     # A string containing ignored characters (spaces and tabs)
-    t_ignore = ' \t'
+    t_ignore = " \t"
 
 
 def vla_mark_length_field(block):
@@ -164,23 +164,25 @@ def vla_is_last_check(name, block):
             vla = True
             if i + 1 < len(block):
                 raise ValueError(
-                    'VLA field "{}" must be the last field in message "{}"'
-                    .format(b.fieldname, name))
-        elif b.fieldtype.startswith('vl_api_'):
+                    'VLA field "{}" must be the last field in message "{}"'.format(
+                        b.fieldname, name
+                    )
+                )
+        elif b.fieldtype.startswith("vl_api_"):
             if global_types[b.fieldtype].vla:
                 vla = True
                 if i + 1 < len(block):
                     raise ValueError(
                         'VLA field "{}" must be the last '
-                        'field in message "{}"'
-                        .format(b.fieldname, name))
-        elif b.fieldtype == 'string' and b.length == 0:
+                        'field in message "{}"'.format(b.fieldname, name)
+                    )
+        elif b.fieldtype == "string" and b.length == 0:
             vla = True
             if i + 1 < len(block):
                 raise ValueError(
                     'VLA field "{}" must be the last '
-                    'field in message "{}"'
-                    .format(b.fieldname, name))
+                    'field in message "{}"'.format(b.fieldname, name)
+                )
     return vla
 
 
@@ -192,10 +194,9 @@ class Processable:
 
 
 class Service(Processable):
-    type = 'Service'
+    type = "Service"
 
-    def __init__(self, caller, reply, events=None, stream_message=None,
-                 stream=False):
+    def __init__(self, caller, reply, events=None, stream_message=None, stream=False):
         self.caller = caller
         self.reply = reply
         self.stream = stream
@@ -204,7 +205,7 @@ class Service(Processable):
 
 
 class Typedef(Processable):
-    type = 'Typedef'
+    type = "Typedef"
 
     def __init__(self, name, flags, block):
         self.name = name
@@ -214,9 +215,9 @@ class Typedef(Processable):
         self.manual_print = False
         self.manual_endian = False
         for f in flags:
-            if f == 'manual_print':
+            if f == "manual_print":
                 self.manual_print = True
-            elif f == 'manual_endian':
+            elif f == "manual_endian":
                 self.manual_endian = True
         global_type_add(name, self)
 
@@ -224,14 +225,14 @@ class Typedef(Processable):
         vla_mark_length_field(self.block)
 
     def process(self, result):
-        result['types'].append(self)
+        result["types"].append(self)
 
     def __repr__(self):
         return self.name + str(self.flags) + str(self.block)
 
 
 class Using(Processable):
-    type = 'Using'
+    type = "Using"
 
     def __init__(self, name, flags, alias):
         self.name = name
@@ -243,16 +244,15 @@ class Using(Processable):
         self.manual_print = False
         self.manual_endian = False
         for f in flags:
-            if f == 'manual_print':
+            if f == "manual_print":
                 self.manual_print = True
-            elif f == 'manual_endian':
+            elif f == "manual_endian":
                 self.manual_endian = True
 
         if isinstance(alias, Array):
-            a = {'type': alias.fieldtype,
-                 'length': alias.length}
+            a = {"type": alias.fieldtype, "length": alias.length}
         else:
-            a = {'type': alias.fieldtype}
+            a = {"type": alias.fieldtype}
         self.alias = a
         self.using = alias
 
@@ -265,14 +265,14 @@ class Using(Processable):
         global_type_add(name, self)
 
     def process(self, result):  # -> Dict
-        result['types'].append(self)
+        result["types"].append(self)
 
     def __repr__(self):
         return self.name + str(self.alias)
 
 
 class Union(Processable):
-    type = 'Union'
+    type = "Union"
 
     def __init__(self, name, flags, block):
         self.manual_print = False
@@ -280,9 +280,9 @@ class Union(Processable):
         self.name = name
 
         for f in flags:
-            if f == 'manual_print':
+            if f == "manual_print":
                 self.manual_print = True
-            elif f == 'manual_endian':
+            elif f == "manual_endian":
                 self.manual_endian = True
 
         self.block = block
@@ -292,14 +292,14 @@ class Union(Processable):
         global_type_add(name, self)
 
     def process(self, result):
-        result['types'].append(self)
+        result["types"].append(self)
 
     def __repr__(self):
         return str(self.block)
 
 
 class Define(Processable):
-    type = 'Define'
+    type = "Define"
 
     def __init__(self, name, flags, block):
         self.name = name
@@ -312,15 +312,15 @@ class Define(Processable):
         self.autoendian = 0
         self.options = {}
         for f in flags:
-            if f == 'dont_trace':
+            if f == "dont_trace":
                 self.dont_trace = True
-            elif f == 'manual_print':
+            elif f == "manual_print":
                 self.manual_print = True
-            elif f == 'manual_endian':
+            elif f == "manual_endian":
                 self.manual_endian = True
-            elif f == 'autoreply':
+            elif f == "autoreply":
                 self.autoreply = True
-            elif f == 'autoendian':
+            elif f == "autoendian":
                 self.autoendian = 1
 
         remove = []
@@ -337,12 +337,11 @@ class Define(Processable):
         self.crc = str(block).encode()
 
     def autoreply_block(self, name, parent):
-        block = [Field('u32', 'context'),
-                 Field('i32', 'retval')]
+        block = [Field("u32", "context"), Field("i32", "retval")]
         # inherit the parent's options
         for k, v in parent.options.items():
             block.append(Option(k, v))
-        return Define(name + '_reply', [], block)
+        return Define(name + "_reply", [], block)
 
     def process(self, result):  # -> Dict
         tname = self.__class__.__name__
@@ -355,9 +354,9 @@ class Define(Processable):
 
 
 class Enum(Processable):
-    type = 'Enum'
+    type = "Enum"
 
-    def __init__(self, name, block, enumtype='u32'):
+    def __init__(self, name, block, enumtype="u32"):
         self.name = name
         self.enumtype = enumtype
         self.vla = False
@@ -369,47 +368,50 @@ class Enum(Processable):
         bc_set = False
 
         for b in block:
-            if 'value' in b:
-                count = b['value']
+            if "value" in b:
+                count = b["value"]
             else:
                 count += 1
-            block2.append([b['id'], count])
+            block2.append([b["id"], count])
             try:
-                if b['option']['backwards_compatible']:
+                if b["option"]["backwards_compatible"]:
                     pass
                 bc_set = True
             except KeyError:
-                block3.append([b['id'], count])
+                block3.append([b["id"], count])
                 if bc_set:
-                    raise ValueError("Backward compatible enum must "
-                                     "be last {!r} {!r}"
-                                     .format(name, b['id']))
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        "Backward compatible enum must "
+                        "be last {!r} {!r}".format(name, b["id"])
+                    )
         self.block = block2
         self.crc = str(block3).encode()
         global_type_add(name, self)
 
     def process(self, result):
-        result['types'].append(self)
+        result["types"].append(self)
 
     def __repr__(self):
         return self.name + str(self.block)
 
 
 class EnumFlag(Enum):
-    type = 'EnumFlag'
+    type = "EnumFlag"
 
-    def __init__(self, name, block, enumtype='u32'):
+    def __init__(self, name, block, enumtype="u32"):
         super(EnumFlag, self).__init__(name, block, enumtype)
 
         for b in self.block:
             if bin(b[1])[2:].count("1") > 1:
-                raise TypeError("%s is not a flag enum.  No element in a "
-                                "flag enum may have more than a "
-                                "single bit set." % self.name)
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "%s is not a flag enum.  No element in a "
+                    "flag enum may have more than a "
+                    "single bit set." % self.name
+                )
 
 
 class Import(Processable):
-    type = 'Import'
+    type = "Import"
     _initialized = False
 
     def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
@@ -440,7 +442,7 @@ class Import(Processable):
 
 
 class Option(Processable):
-    type = 'Option'
+    type = "Option"
 
     def __init__(self, option, value=None):
         self.option = option
@@ -458,7 +460,7 @@ class Option(Processable):
 
 
 class Array(Processable):
-    type = 'Array'
+    type = "Array"
 
     def __init__(self, fieldtype, name, length, modern_vla=False):
         self.fieldtype = fieldtype
@@ -474,12 +476,11 @@ class Array(Processable):
             self.vla = False
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return str([self.fieldtype, self.fieldname, self.length,
-                    self.lengthfield])
+        return str([self.fieldtype, self.fieldname, self.length, self.lengthfield])
 
 
 class Field(Processable):
-    type = 'Field'
+    type = "Field"
 
     def __init__(self, fieldtype, name, limit=None):
         # limit field has been expanded to an options dict.
@@ -487,13 +488,14 @@ class Field(Processable):
         self.fieldtype = fieldtype
         self.is_lengthfield = False
 
-        if self.fieldtype == 'string':
-            raise ValueError("The string type {!r} is an "
-                             "array type ".format(name))
+        if self.fieldtype == "string":
+            raise ValueError("The string type {!r} is an " "array type ".format(name))
 
         if name in keyword.kwlist:
-            raise ValueError("Fieldname {!r} is a python keyword and is not "
-                             "accessible via the python API. ".format(name))
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Fieldname {!r} is a python keyword and is not "
+                "accessible via the python API. ".format(name)
+            )
         self.fieldname = name
         self.limit = limit
 
@@ -502,35 +504,34 @@ class Field(Processable):
 
 
 class Counter(Processable):
-    type = 'Counter'
+    type = "Counter"
 
     def __init__(self, path, counter):
         self.name = path
         self.block = counter
 
     def process(self, result):  # -> Dict
-        result['Counters'].append(self)
+        result["Counters"].append(self)
 
 
 class Paths(Processable):
-    type = 'Paths'
+    type = "Paths"
 
     def __init__(self, pathset):
         self.paths = pathset
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return "%s(paths=%s)" % (
-            self.__class__.__name__, self.paths
-        )
+        return "%s(paths=%s)" % (self.__class__.__name__, self.paths)
 
 
 class Coord:
-    """ Coordinates of a syntactic element. Consists of:
-            - File name
-            - Line number
-            - (optional) column number, for the Lexer
+    """Coordinates of a syntactic element. Consists of:
+    - File name
+    - Line number
+    - (optional) column number, for the Lexer
     """
-    __slots__ = ('file', 'line', 'column', '__weakref__')
+
+    __slots__ = ("file", "line", "column", "__weakref__")
 
     def __init__(self, file, line, column=None):
         self.file = file
@@ -568,49 +569,47 @@ class VPPAPIParser:
             self.logger.warning("%s: %s" % (coord, msg))
 
     def _coord(self, lineno, column=None):
-        return Coord(
-            file=self.filename,
-            line=lineno, column=column)
+        return Coord(file=self.filename, line=lineno, column=column)
 
     def _token_coord(self, p, token_idx):
-        """ Returns the coordinates for the YaccProduction object 'p' indexed
-            with 'token_idx'. The coordinate includes the 'lineno' and
-            'column'. Both follow the lex semantic, starting from 1.
+        """Returns the coordinates for the YaccProduction object 'p' indexed
+        with 'token_idx'. The coordinate includes the 'lineno' and
+        'column'. Both follow the lex semantic, starting from 1.
         """
-        last_cr = p.lexer.lexdata.rfind('\n', 0, p.lexpos(token_idx))
+        last_cr = p.lexer.lexdata.rfind("\n", 0, p.lexpos(token_idx))
         if last_cr < 0:
             last_cr = -1
-        column = (p.lexpos(token_idx) - (last_cr))
+        column = p.lexpos(token_idx) - (last_cr)
         return self._coord(p.lineno(token_idx), column)
 
     def p_slist(self, p):
-        '''slist : stmt
-                 | slist stmt'''
+        """slist : stmt
+        | slist stmt"""
         if len(p) == 2:
             p[0] = [p[1]]
         else:
             p[0] = p[1] + [p[2]]
 
     def p_stmt(self, p):
-        '''stmt : define
-                | typedef
-                | option
-                | import
-                | enum
-                | enumflag
-                | union
-                | service
-                | paths
-                | counters'''
+        """stmt : define
+        | typedef
+        | option
+        | import
+        | enum
+        | enumflag
+        | union
+        | service
+        | paths
+        | counters"""
         p[0] = p[1]
 
     def p_import(self, p):
-        '''import : IMPORT STRING_LITERAL ';' '''
+        """import : IMPORT STRING_LITERAL ';'"""
         p[0] = Import(p[2], revision=self.revision)
 
     def p_path_elements(self, p):
-        '''path_elements : path_element
-                            | path_elements path_element'''
+        """path_elements : path_element
+        | path_elements path_element"""
         if len(p) == 2:
             p[0] = p[1]
         else:
@@ -620,20 +619,20 @@ class VPPAPIParser:
                 p[0] = p[1] + [p[2]]
 
     def p_path_element(self, p):
-        '''path_element : STRING_LITERAL STRING_LITERAL ';' '''
-        p[0] = {'path': p[1], 'counter': p[2]}
+        """path_element : STRING_LITERAL STRING_LITERAL ';'"""
+        p[0] = {"path": p[1], "counter": p[2]}
 
     def p_paths(self, p):
-        '''paths : PATHS '{' path_elements '}' ';' '''
+        """paths : PATHS '{' path_elements '}' ';'"""
         p[0] = Paths(p[3])
 
     def p_counters(self, p):
-        '''counters : COUNTERS ID '{' counter_elements '}' ';' '''
+        """counters : COUNTERS ID '{' counter_elements '}' ';'"""
         p[0] = Counter(p[2], p[4])
 
     def p_counter_elements(self, p):
-        '''counter_elements : counter_element
-                            | counter_elements counter_element'''
+        """counter_elements : counter_element
+        | counter_elements counter_element"""
         if len(p) == 2:
             p[0] = [p[1]]
         else:
@@ -643,46 +642,47 @@ class VPPAPIParser:
                 p[0] = p[1] + [p[2]]
 
     def p_counter_element(self, p):
-        '''counter_element : ID '{' counter_statements '}' ';' '''
-        p[0] = {**{'name': p[1]}, **p[3]}
+        """counter_element : ID '{' counter_statements '}' ';'"""
+        p[0] = {**{"name": p[1]}, **p[3]}
 
     def p_counter_statements(self, p):
-        '''counter_statements : counter_statement
-                        | counter_statements counter_statement'''
+        """counter_statements : counter_statement
+        | counter_statements counter_statement"""
         if len(p) == 2:
             p[0] = p[1]
         else:
             p[0] = {**p[1], **p[2]}
 
     def p_counter_statement(self, p):
-        '''counter_statement : SEVERITY ID ';'
-                             | UNITS STRING_LITERAL ';'
-                             | DESCRIPTION STRING_LITERAL ';'
-                             | TYPE ID ';' '''
+        """counter_statement : SEVERITY ID ';'
+        | UNITS STRING_LITERAL ';'
+        | DESCRIPTION STRING_LITERAL ';'
+        | TYPE ID ';'"""
         p[0] = {p[1]: p[2]}
 
     def p_service(self, p):
-        '''service : SERVICE '{' service_statements '}' ';' '''
+        """service : SERVICE '{' service_statements '}' ';'"""
         p[0] = p[3]
 
     def p_service_statements(self, p):
-        '''service_statements : service_statement
-                        | service_statements service_statement'''
+        """service_statements : service_statement
+        | service_statements service_statement"""
         if len(p) == 2:
             p[0] = [p[1]]
         else:
             p[0] = p[1] + [p[2]]
 
     def p_service_statement(self, p):
-        '''service_statement : RPC ID RETURNS NULL ';'
-                             | RPC ID RETURNS ID ';'
-                             | RPC ID RETURNS STREAM ID ';'
-                             | RPC ID RETURNS ID EVENTS event_list ';' '''
+        """service_statement : RPC ID RETURNS NULL ';'
+        | RPC ID RETURNS ID ';'
+        | RPC ID RETURNS STREAM ID ';'
+        | RPC ID RETURNS ID EVENTS event_list ';'"""
         if p[2] == p[4]:
             # Verify that caller and reply differ
             self._parse_error(
-                'Reply ID ({}) should not be equal to Caller ID'.format(p[2]),
-                self._token_coord(p, 1))
+                "Reply ID ({}) should not be equal to Caller ID".format(p[2]),
+                self._token_coord(p, 1),
+            )
         if len(p) == 8:
             p[0] = Service(p[2], p[4], p[6])
         elif len(p) == 7:
@@ -691,280 +691,283 @@ class VPPAPIParser:
             p[0] = Service(p[2], p[4])
 
     def p_service_statement2(self, p):
-        '''service_statement : RPC ID RETURNS ID STREAM ID ';' '''
+        """service_statement : RPC ID RETURNS ID STREAM ID ';'"""
         p[0] = Service(p[2], p[4], stream_message=p[6], stream=True)
 
     def p_event_list(self, p):
-        '''event_list : events
-                      | event_list events '''
+        """event_list : events
+        | event_list events"""
         if len(p) == 2:
             p[0] = [p[1]]
         else:
             p[0] = p[1] + [p[2]]
 
     def p_event(self, p):
-        '''events : ID
-                  | ID ',' '''
+        """events : ID
+        | ID ','"""
         p[0] = p[1]
 
     def p_enum(self, p):
-        '''enum : ENUM ID '{' enum_statements '}' ';' '''
+        """enum : ENUM ID '{' enum_statements '}' ';'"""
         p[0] = Enum(p[2], p[4])
 
     def p_enum_type(self, p):
-        ''' enum : ENUM ID ':' enum_size '{' enum_statements '}' ';' '''
+        """enum : ENUM ID ':' enum_size '{' enum_statements '}' ';'"""
         if len(p) == 9:
             p[0] = Enum(p[2], p[6], enumtype=p[4])
         else:
             p[0] = Enum(p[2], p[4])
 
     def p_enumflag(self, p):
-        '''enumflag : ENUMFLAG ID '{' enum_statements '}' ';' '''
+        """enumflag : ENUMFLAG ID '{' enum_statements '}' ';'"""
         p[0] = EnumFlag(p[2], p[4])
 
     def p_enumflag_type(self, p):
-        ''' enumflag : ENUMFLAG ID ':' enumflag_size '{' enum_statements '}' ';' '''  # noqa : E502
+        """enumflag : ENUMFLAG ID ':' enumflag_size '{' enum_statements '}' ';'"""  # noqa : E502
         if len(p) == 9:
             p[0] = EnumFlag(p[2], p[6], enumtype=p[4])
         else:
             p[0] = EnumFlag(p[2], p[4])
 
     def p_enum_size(self, p):
-        ''' enum_size : U8
-                      | U16
-                      | U32
-                      | I8
-                      | I16
-                      | I32 '''
+        """enum_size : U8
+        | U16
+        | U32
+        | I8
+        | I16
+        | I32"""
         p[0] = p[1]
 
     def p_enumflag_size(self, p):
-        ''' enumflag_size : U8
-                          | U16
-                          | U32 '''
+        """enumflag_size : U8
+        | U16
+        | U32"""
         p[0] = p[1]
 
     def p_define(self, p):
-        '''define : DEFINE ID '{' block_statements_opt '}' ';' '''
+        """define : DEFINE ID '{' block_statements_opt '}' ';'"""
         self.fields = []
         p[0] = Define(p[2], [], p[4])
 
     def p_define_flist(self, p):
-        '''define : flist DEFINE ID '{' block_statements_opt '}' ';' '''
+        """define : flist DEFINE ID '{' block_statements_opt '}' ';'"""
         # Legacy typedef
-        if 'typeonly' in p[1]:
-            self._parse_error('legacy typedef. use typedef: {} {}[{}];'
-                              .format(p[1], p[2], p[4]),
-                              self._token_coord(p, 1))
+        if "typeonly" in p[1]:
+            self._parse_error(
+                "legacy typedef. use typedef: {} {}[{}];".format(p[1], p[2], p[4]),
+                self._token_coord(p, 1),
+            )
         else:
             p[0] = Define(p[3], p[1], p[5])
 
     def p_flist(self, p):
-        '''flist : flag
-                 | flist flag'''
+        """flist : flag
+        | flist flag"""
         if len(p) == 2:
             p[0] = [p[1]]
         else:
             p[0] = p[1] + [p[2]]
 
     def p_flag(self, p):
-        '''flag : MANUAL_PRINT
-                | MANUAL_ENDIAN
-                | DONT_TRACE
-                | TYPEONLY
-                | AUTOENDIAN
-                | AUTOREPLY'''
+        """flag : MANUAL_PRINT
+        | MANUAL_ENDIAN
+        | DONT_TRACE
+        | TYPEONLY
+        | AUTOENDIAN
+        | AUTOREPLY"""
         if len(p) == 1:
             return
         p[0] = p[1]
 
     def p_typedef(self, p):
-        '''typedef : TYPEDEF ID '{' block_statements_opt '}' ';' '''
+        """typedef : TYPEDEF ID '{' block_statements_opt '}' ';'"""
         p[0] = Typedef(p[2], [], p[4])
 
     def p_typedef_flist(self, p):
-        '''typedef : flist TYPEDEF ID '{' block_statements_opt '}' ';' '''
+        """typedef : flist TYPEDEF ID '{' block_statements_opt '}' ';'"""
         p[0] = Typedef(p[3], p[1], p[5])
 
     def p_typedef_alias(self, p):
-        '''typedef : TYPEDEF declaration '''
+        """typedef : TYPEDEF declaration"""
         p[0] = Using(p[2].fieldname, [], p[2])
 
     def p_typedef_alias_flist(self, p):
-        '''typedef : flist TYPEDEF declaration '''
+        """typedef : flist TYPEDEF declaration"""
         p[0] = Using(p[3].fieldname, p[1], p[3])
 
     def p_block_statements_opt(self, p):
-        '''block_statements_opt : block_statements '''
+        """block_statements_opt : block_statements"""
         p[0] = p[1]
 
     def p_block_statements(self, p):
-        '''block_statements : block_statement
-                            | block_statements block_statement'''
+        """block_statements : block_statement
+        | block_statements block_statement"""
         if len(p) == 2:
             p[0] = [p[1]]
         else:
             p[0] = p[1] + [p[2]]
 
     def p_block_statement(self, p):
-        '''block_statement : declaration
-                           | option '''
+        """block_statement : declaration
+        | option"""
         p[0] = p[1]
 
     def p_enum_statements(self, p):
-        '''enum_statements : enum_statement
-                           | enum_statements enum_statement'''
+        """enum_statements : enum_statement
+        | enum_statements enum_statement"""
         if len(p) == 2:
             p[0] = [p[1]]
         else:
             p[0] = p[1] + [p[2]]
 
     def p_enum_statement(self, p):
-        '''enum_statement : ID '=' NUM ','
-                          | ID ','
-                          | ID '[' field_options ']' ','
-                          | ID '=' NUM '[' field_options ']' ',' '''
+        """enum_statement : ID '=' NUM ','
+        | ID ','
+        | ID '[' field_options ']' ','
+        | ID '=' NUM '[' field_options ']' ','"""
         if len(p) == 3:
-            p[0] = {'id': p[1]}
+            p[0] = {"id": p[1]}
         elif len(p) == 5:
-            p[0] = {'id': p[1], 'value': p[3]}
+            p[0] = {"id": p[1], "value": p[3]}
         elif len(p) == 6:
-            p[0] = {'id': p[1], 'option': p[3]}
+            p[0] = {"id": p[1], "option": p[3]}
         elif len(p) == 8:
-            p[0] = {'id': p[1], 'value': p[3], 'option': p[5]}
+            p[0] = {"id": p[1], "value": p[3], "option": p[5]}
         else:
-            self._parse_error('ERROR', self._token_coord(p, 1))
+            self._parse_error("ERROR", self._token_coord(p, 1))
 
     def p_field_options(self, p):
-        '''field_options : field_option
-                           | field_options field_option'''
+        """field_options : field_option
+        | field_options field_option"""
         if len(p) == 2:
             p[0] = p[1]
         else:
             p[0] = {**p[1], **p[2]}
 
     def p_field_option(self, p):
-        '''field_option : ID
-                        | ID '=' assignee ','
-                        | ID '=' assignee
+        """field_option : ID
+        | ID '=' assignee ','
+        | ID '=' assignee
 
-        '''
+        """
         if len(p) == 2:
             p[0] = {p[1]: None}
         else:
             p[0] = {p[1]: p[3]}
 
     def p_variable_name(self, p):
-        '''variable_name : ID
-                         | TYPE
-                         | SEVERITY
-                         | DESCRIPTION
-                         | COUNTERS
-                         | PATHS
-        '''
+        """variable_name : ID
+        | TYPE
+        | SEVERITY
+        | DESCRIPTION
+        | COUNTERS
+        | PATHS
+        """
         p[0] = p[1]
 
     def p_declaration(self, p):
-        '''declaration : type_specifier variable_name ';'
-                       | type_specifier variable_name '[' field_options ']' ';'
-        '''
+        """declaration : type_specifier variable_name ';'
+        | type_specifier variable_name '[' field_options ']' ';'
+        """
         if len(p) == 7:
             p[0] = Field(p[1], p[2], p[4])
         elif len(p) == 4:
             p[0] = Field(p[1], p[2])
         else:
-            self._parse_error('ERROR', self._token_coord(p, 1))
+            self._parse_error("ERROR", self._token_coord(p, 1))
         self.fields.append(p[2])
 
     def p_declaration_array_vla(self, p):
-        '''declaration : type_specifier variable_name '[' ']' ';' '''
+        """declaration : type_specifier variable_name '[' ']' ';'"""
         p[0] = Array(p[1], p[2], 0, modern_vla=True)
 
     def p_declaration_array(self, p):
-        '''declaration : type_specifier variable_name '[' NUM ']' ';'
-                       | type_specifier variable_name '[' ID ']' ';' '''
+        """declaration : type_specifier variable_name '[' NUM ']' ';'
+        | type_specifier variable_name '[' ID ']' ';'"""
 
         if len(p) != 7:
             return self._parse_error(
-                'array: %s' % p.value,
-                self._coord(lineno=p.lineno))
+                "array: %s" % p.value, self._coord(lineno=p.lineno)
+            )
 
         # Make this error later
         if type(p[4]) is int and p[4] == 0:
             # XXX: Line number is wrong
-            self._parse_warning('Old Style VLA: {} {}[{}];'
-                                .format(p[1], p[2], p[4]),
-                                self._token_coord(p, 1))
+            self._parse_warning(
+                "Old Style VLA: {} {}[{}];".format(p[1], p[2], p[4]),
+                self._token_coord(p, 1),
+            )
 
         if type(p[4]) is str and p[4] not in self.fields:
             # Verify that length field exists
-            self._parse_error('Missing length field: {} {}[{}];'
-                              .format(p[1], p[2], p[4]),
-                              self._token_coord(p, 1))
+            self._parse_error(
+                "Missing length field: {} {}[{}];".format(p[1], p[2], p[4]),
+                self._token_coord(p, 1),
+            )
         p[0] = Array(p[1], p[2], p[4])
 
     def p_option(self, p):
-        '''option : OPTION ID '=' assignee ';'
-                  | OPTION ID ';' '''
+        """option : OPTION ID '=' assignee ';'
+        | OPTION ID ';'"""
         if len(p) == 4:
             p[0] = Option(p[2])
         else:
             p[0] = Option(p[2], p[4])
 
     def p_assignee(self, p):
-        '''assignee : NUM
-                    | TRUE
-                    | FALSE
-                    | STRING_LITERAL '''
+        """assignee : NUM
+        | TRUE
+        | FALSE
+        | STRING_LITERAL"""
         p[0] = p[1]
 
     def p_type_specifier(self, p):
-        '''type_specifier : U8
-                          | U16
-                          | U32
-                          | U64
-                          | I8
-                          | I16
-                          | I32
-                          | I64
-                          | F64
-                          | BOOL
-                          | STRING'''
+        """type_specifier : U8
+        | U16
+        | U32
+        | U64
+        | I8
+        | I16
+        | I32
+        | I64
+        | F64
+        | BOOL
+        | STRING"""
         p[0] = p[1]
 
     # Do a second pass later to verify that user defined types are defined
     def p_typedef_specifier(self, p):
-        '''type_specifier : ID '''
+        """type_specifier : ID"""
         if p[1] not in global_types:
-            self._parse_error('Undefined type: {}'.format(p[1]),
-                              self._token_coord(p, 1))
+            self._parse_error(
+                "Undefined type: {}".format(p[1]), self._token_coord(p, 1)
+            )
         p[0] = p[1]
 
     def p_union(self, p):
-        '''union : UNION ID '{' block_statements_opt '}' ';' '''
+        """union : UNION ID '{' block_statements_opt '}' ';'"""
         p[0] = Union(p[2], [], p[4])
 
     def p_union_flist(self, p):
-        '''union : flist UNION ID '{' block_statements_opt '}' ';' '''
+        """union : flist UNION ID '{' block_statements_opt '}' ';'"""
         p[0] = Union(p[3], p[1], p[5])
 
     # Error rule for syntax errors
     def p_error(self, p):
         if p:
-            self._parse_error(
-                'before: %s' % p.value,
-                self._coord(lineno=p.lineno))
+            self._parse_error("before: %s" % p.value, self._coord(lineno=p.lineno))
         else:
-            self._parse_error('At end of input', self.filename)
+            self._parse_error("At end of input", self.filename)
 
 
-class VPPAPI():
-
-    def __init__(self, debug=False, filename='', logger=None, revision=None):
+class VPPAPI:
+    def __init__(self, debug=False, filename="", logger=None, revision=None):
         self.lexer = lex.lex(module=VPPAPILexer(filename), debug=debug)
-        self.parser = yacc.yacc(module=VPPAPIParser(filename, logger,
-                                                    revision=revision),
-                                write_tables=False, debug=debug)
+        self.parser = yacc.yacc(
+            module=VPPAPIParser(filename, logger, revision=revision),
+            write_tables=False,
+            debug=debug,
+        )
         self.logger = logger
         self.revision = revision
         self.filename = filename
@@ -979,38 +982,40 @@ class VPPAPI():
 
     def parse_filename(self, filename, debug=0):
         if self.revision:
-            git_show = 'git show {}:{}'.format(self.revision, filename)
-            proc = Popen(git_show.split(), stdout=PIPE, encoding='utf-8')
+            git_show = "git show {}:{}".format(self.revision, filename)
+            proc = Popen(git_show.split(), stdout=PIPE, encoding="utf-8")
             try:
                 data, errs = proc.communicate()
                 if proc.returncode != 0:
-                    print('File not found: {}:{}'
-                          .format(self.revision, filename), file=sys.stderr)
+                    print(
+                        "File not found: {}:{}".format(self.revision, filename),
+                        file=sys.stderr,
+                    )
                     sys.exit(2)
                 return self.parse_string(data, debug=debug)
             except Exception:
                 sys.exit(3)
         else:
             try:
-                with open(filename, encoding='utf-8') as fd:
+                with open(filename, encoding="utf-8") as fd:
                     return self.parse_fd(fd, None)
             except FileNotFoundError:
-                print('File not found: {}'.format(filename), file=sys.stderr)
+                print("File not found: {}".format(filename), file=sys.stderr)
                 sys.exit(2)
 
     def process(self, objs):
         s = {}
-        s['Option'] = {}
-        s['Define'] = []
-        s['Service'] = []
-        s['types'] = []
-        s['Import'] = []
-        s['Counters'] = []
-        s['Paths'] = []
+        s["Option"] = {}
+        s["Define"] = []
+        s["Service"] = []
+        s["types"] = []
+        s["Import"] = []
+        s["Counters"] = []
+        s["Paths"] = []
         crc = 0
         for o in objs:
             try:
-                crc = binascii.crc32(o.crc, crc) & 0xffffffff
+                crc = binascii.crc32(o.crc, crc) & 0xFFFFFFFF
             except AttributeError:
                 pass
 
@@ -1021,82 +1026,84 @@ class VPPAPI():
             else:
                 o.process(s)
 
-        msgs = {d.name: d for d in s['Define']}
-        svcs = {s.caller: s for s in s['Service']}
-        replies = {s.reply: s for s in s['Service']}
+        msgs = {d.name: d for d in s["Define"]}
+        svcs = {s.caller: s for s in s["Service"]}
+        replies = {s.reply: s for s in s["Service"]}
         seen_services = {}
 
-        s['file_crc'] = crc
+        s["file_crc"] = crc
 
         for service in svcs:
             if service not in msgs:
                 raise ValueError(
-                    'Service definition refers to unknown message'
-                    ' definition: {}'.format(service))
-            if svcs[service].reply != 'null' and \
-               svcs[service].reply not in msgs:
-                raise ValueError('Service definition refers to unknown message'
-                                 ' definition in reply: {}'
-                                 .format(svcs[service].reply))
+                    "Service definition refers to unknown message"
+                    " definition: {}".format(service)
+                )
+            if svcs[service].reply != "null" and svcs[service].reply not in msgs:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Service definition refers to unknown message"
+                    " definition in reply: {}".format(svcs[service].reply)
+                )
             if service in replies:
-                raise ValueError('Service definition refers to message'
-                                 ' marked as reply: {}'.format(service))
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Service definition refers to message"
+                    " marked as reply: {}".format(service)
+                )
             for event in svcs[service].events:
                 if event not in msgs:
-                    raise ValueError('Service definition refers to unknown '
-                                     'event: {} in message: {}'
-                                     .format(event, service))
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        "Service definition refers to unknown "
+                        "event: {} in message: {}".format(event, service)
+                    )
                 seen_services[event] = True
 
         # Create services implicitly
         for d in msgs:
             if d in seen_services:
                 continue
-            if d.endswith('_reply'):
+            if d.endswith("_reply"):
                 if d[:-6] in svcs:
                     continue
                 if d[:-6] not in msgs:
-                    raise ValueError('{} missing calling message'
-                                     .format(d))
+                    raise ValueError("{} missing calling message".format(d))
                 continue
-            if d.endswith('_dump'):
+            if d.endswith("_dump"):
                 if d in svcs:
                     continue
-                if d[:-5]+'_details' in msgs:
-                    s['Service'].append(Service(d, d[:-5]+'_details',
-                                                stream=True))
+                if d[:-5] + "_details" in msgs:
+                    s["Service"].append(Service(d, d[:-5] + "_details", stream=True))
                 else:
-                    raise ValueError('{} missing details message'
-                                     .format(d))
+                    raise ValueError("{} missing details message".format(d))
                 continue
 
-            if d.endswith('_details'):
-                if d[:-8]+'_get' in msgs:
-                    if d[:-8]+'_get' in svcs:
+            if d.endswith("_details"):
+                if d[:-8] + "_get" in msgs:
+                    if d[:-8] + "_get" in svcs:
                         continue
-                    raise ValueError('{} should be in a stream service'
-                                     .format(d[:-8]+'_get'))
-                if d[:-8]+'_dump' in msgs:
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        "{} should be in a stream service".format(d[:-8] + "_get")
+                    )
+                if d[:-8] + "_dump" in msgs:
                     continue
-                raise ValueError('{} missing dump or get message'
-                                 .format(d))
+                raise ValueError("{} missing dump or get message".format(d))
 
             if d in svcs:
                 continue
-            if d+'_reply' in msgs:
-                s['Service'].append(Service(d, d+'_reply'))
+            if d + "_reply" in msgs:
+                s["Service"].append(Service(d, d + "_reply"))
             else:
                 raise ValueError(
-                    '{} missing reply message ({}) or service definition'
-                    .format(d, d+'_reply'))
+                    "{} missing reply message ({}) or service definition".format(
+                        d, d + "_reply"
+                    )
+                )
 
         return s
 
     def process_imports(self, objs, in_import, result):  # -> List
         for o in objs:
             # Only allow the following object types from imported file
-            if in_import and not isinstance(o, (Enum, Import, Typedef,
-                                                Union, Using)):
+            if in_import and not isinstance(o, (Enum, Import, Typedef, Union, Using)):
                 continue
             if isinstance(o, Import):
                 result.append(o)
@@ -1109,7 +1116,7 @@ class VPPAPI():
 # Add message ids to each message.
 def add_msg_id(s):
     for o in s:
-        o.block.insert(0, Field('u16', '_vl_msg_id'))
+        o.block.insert(0, Field("u16", "_vl_msg_id"))
     return s
 
 
@@ -1129,11 +1136,11 @@ def dirlist_get():
 def foldup_blocks(block, crc):
     for b in block:
         # Look up CRC in user defined types
-        if b.fieldtype.startswith('vl_api_'):
+        if b.fieldtype.startswith("vl_api_"):
             # Recursively
             t = global_types[b.fieldtype]
             try:
-                crc = binascii.crc32(t.crc, crc) & 0xffffffff
+                crc = binascii.crc32(t.crc, crc) & 0xFFFFFFFF
                 crc = foldup_blocks(t.block, crc)
             except AttributeError:
                 pass
@@ -1142,34 +1149,43 @@ def foldup_blocks(block, crc):
 
 def foldup_crcs(s):
     for f in s:
-        f.crc = foldup_blocks(f.block,
-                              binascii.crc32(f.crc) & 0xffffffff)
+        f.crc = foldup_blocks(f.block, binascii.crc32(f.crc) & 0xFFFFFFFF)
 
 
 #
 # Main
 #
 def main():
-    if sys.version_info < (3, 5,):
-        log.exception('vppapigen requires a supported version of python. '
-                      'Please use version 3.5 or greater. '
-                      'Using %s', sys.version)
+    if sys.version_info < (
+        3,
+        5,
+    ):
+        log.exception(
+            "vppapigen requires a supported version of python. "
+            "Please use version 3.5 or greater. "
+            "Using %s",
+            sys.version,
+        )
         return 1
 
-    cliparser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='VPP API generator')
-    cliparser.add_argument('--pluginpath', default="")
-    cliparser.add_argument('--includedir', action='append')
-    cliparser.add_argument('--outputdir', action='store')
-    cliparser.add_argument('--input')
-    cliparser.add_argument('--output', nargs='?',
-                           type=argparse.FileType('w', encoding='UTF-8'),
-                           default=sys.stdout)
+    cliparser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="VPP API generator")
+    cliparser.add_argument("--pluginpath", default="")
+    cliparser.add_argument("--includedir", action="append")
+    cliparser.add_argument("--outputdir", action="store")
+    cliparser.add_argument("--input")
+    cliparser.add_argument(
+        "--output",
+        nargs="?",
+        type=argparse.FileType("w", encoding="UTF-8"),
+        default=sys.stdout,
+    )
 
-    cliparser.add_argument('output_module', nargs='?', default='C')
-    cliparser.add_argument('--debug', action='store_true')
-    cliparser.add_argument('--show-name', nargs=1)
-    cliparser.add_argument('--git-revision',
-                           help="Git revision to use for opening files")
+    cliparser.add_argument("output_module", nargs="?", default="C")
+    cliparser.add_argument("--debug", action="store_true")
+    cliparser.add_argument("--show-name", nargs=1)
+    cliparser.add_argument(
+        "--git-revision", help="Git revision to use for opening files"
+    )
     args = cliparser.parse_args()
 
     dirlist_add(args.includedir)
@@ -1182,7 +1198,7 @@ def main():
     elif args.input:
         filename = args.input
     else:
-        filename = ''
+        filename = ""
 
     if args.debug:
         logging.basicConfig(stream=sys.stdout, level=logging.WARNING)
@@ -1195,36 +1211,34 @@ def main():
     from importlib.machinery import SourceFileLoader
 
     # Default path
-    pluginpath = ''
+    pluginpath = ""
     if not args.pluginpath:
         cand = []
         cand.append(os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)))
-        cand.append(os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)) +
-                    '/../share/vpp/')
+        cand.append(os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)) + "/../share/vpp/")
         for c in cand:
-            c += '/'
-            if os.path.isfile('{}vppapigen_{}.py'
-                              .format(c, args.output_module.lower())):
+            c += "/"
+            if os.path.isfile(
+                "{}vppapigen_{}.py".format(c, args.output_module.lower())
+            ):
                 pluginpath = c
                 break
     else:
-        pluginpath = args.pluginpath + '/'
-    if pluginpath == '':
-        log.exception('Output plugin not found')
+        pluginpath = args.pluginpath + "/"
+    if pluginpath == "":
+        log.exception("Output plugin not found")
         return 1
-    module_path = '{}vppapigen_{}.py'.format(pluginpath,
-                                             args.output_module.lower())
+    module_path = "{}vppapigen_{}.py".format(pluginpath, args.output_module.lower())
 
     try:
-        plugin = SourceFileLoader(args.output_module,
-                                  module_path).load_module()
+        plugin = SourceFileLoader(args.output_module, module_path).load_module()
     except Exception as err:
-        log.exception('Error importing output plugin: %s, %s',
-                      module_path, err)
+        log.exception("Error importing output plugin: %s, %s", module_path, err)
         return 1
 
-    parser = VPPAPI(debug=args.debug, filename=filename, logger=log,
-                    revision=args.git_revision)
+    parser = VPPAPI(
+        debug=args.debug, filename=filename, logger=log, revision=args.git_revision
+    )
 
     try:
         if not args.input:
@@ -1232,7 +1246,7 @@ def main():
         else:
             parsed_objects = parser.parse_filename(args.input, log)
     except ParseError as e:
-        print('Parse error: ', e, file=sys.stderr)
+        print("Parse error: ", e, file=sys.stderr)
         sys.exit(1)
 
     # Build a list of objects. Hash of lists.
@@ -1250,32 +1264,33 @@ def main():
     else:
         s = parser.process(parsed_objects)
         imports = parser.process_imports(parsed_objects, False, result)
-        s['imported'] = parser.process(imports)
+        s["imported"] = parser.process(imports)
 
     # Add msg_id field
-    s['Define'] = add_msg_id(s['Define'])
+    s["Define"] = add_msg_id(s["Define"])
 
     # Fold up CRCs
-    foldup_crcs(s['Define'])
+    foldup_crcs(s["Define"])
 
     #
     # Debug
     if args.debug:
         import pprint
+
         pp = pprint.PrettyPrinter(indent=4, stream=sys.stderr)
-        for t in s['Define']:
+        for t in s["Define"]:
             pp.pprint([t.name, t.flags, t.block])
-        for t in s['types']:
+        for t in s["types"]:
             pp.pprint([t.name, t.block])
 
     result = plugin.run(args, filename, s)
     if result:
         print(result, file=args.output)
     else:
-        log.exception('Running plugin failed: %s %s', filename, result)
+        log.exception("Running plugin failed: %s %s", filename, result)
         return 1
     return 0
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     sys.exit(main())
diff --git a/src/tools/vppapigen/vppapigen_c.py b/src/tools/vppapigen/vppapigen_c.py
index f93e89843a3..fdbb7270a8a 100644
--- a/src/tools/vppapigen/vppapigen_c.py
+++ b/src/tools/vppapigen/vppapigen_c.py
@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@
 # binary API format
 #
 
-'''
+"""
 This module creates C code for core VPP, VPP plugins and client side VAT and
 VAT2 tests.
-'''
+"""
 
 import datetime
 import itertools
@@ -35,98 +35,103 @@ process_imports = False
 
 
 ###############################################################################
-class ToJSON():
-    '''Class to generate functions converting from VPP binary API to JSON.'''
+class ToJSON:
+    """Class to generate functions converting from VPP binary API to JSON."""
+
     _dispatch = {}
-    noprint_fields = {'_vl_msg_id': None,
-                      'client_index': None,
-                      'context': None}
-    is_number = {'u8': None,
-                 'i8': None,
-                 'u16': None,
-                 'i16': None,
-                 'u32': None,
-                 'i32': None,
-                 'u64': None,
-                 'i64': None,
-                 'f64': None,
-                 }
+    noprint_fields = {"_vl_msg_id": None, "client_index": None, "context": None}
+    is_number = {
+        "u8": None,
+        "i8": None,
+        "u16": None,
+        "i16": None,
+        "u32": None,
+        "i32": None,
+        "u64": None,
+        "i64": None,
+        "f64": None,
+    }
 
     def __init__(self, module, types, defines, imported_types, stream):
         self.stream = stream
         self.module = module
         self.defines = defines
         self.types = types
-        self.types_hash = {'vl_api_'+d.name+'_t':
-                           d for d in types + imported_types}
+        self.types_hash = {"vl_api_" + d.name + "_t": d for d in types + imported_types}
         self.defines_hash = {d.name: d for d in defines}
 
     def header(self):
-        '''Output the top boilerplate.'''
+        """Output the top boilerplate."""
         write = self.stream.write
-        write('#ifndef included_{}_api_tojson_h\n'.format(self.module))
-        write('#define included_{}_api_tojson_h\n'.format(self.module))
-        write('#include \n\n')
-        write('#include \n\n')
-        if self.module == 'interface_types':
-            write('#define vl_printfun\n')
-            write('#include \n\n')
+        write("#ifndef included_{}_api_tojson_h\n".format(self.module))
+        write("#define included_{}_api_tojson_h\n".format(self.module))
+        write("#include \n\n")
+        write("#include \n\n")
+        if self.module == "interface_types":
+            write("#define vl_printfun\n")
+            write("#include \n\n")
 
     def footer(self):
-        '''Output the bottom boilerplate.'''
+        """Output the bottom boilerplate."""
         write = self.stream.write
-        write('#endif\n')
+        write("#endif\n")
 
     def get_base_type(self, t):
         vt_type = None
         try:
             vt = self.types_hash[t]
-            if vt.type == 'Using' and 'length' not in vt.alias:
-                vt_type = vt.alias['type']
+            if vt.type == "Using" and "length" not in vt.alias:
+                vt_type = vt.alias["type"]
         except KeyError:
             vt = t
         return vt, vt_type
 
     def get_json_func(self, t):
-        '''Given the type, returns the function to use to create a
-        cJSON object'''
+        """Given the type, returns the function to use to create a
+        cJSON object"""
         vt, vt_type = self.get_base_type(t)
 
         if t in self.is_number or vt_type in self.is_number:
-            return 'cJSON_AddNumberToObject', '', False
-        if t == 'bool':
-            return 'cJSON_AddBoolToObject', '', False
+            return "cJSON_AddNumberToObject", "", False
+        if t == "bool":
+            return "cJSON_AddBoolToObject", "", False
 
         # Lookup type name check if it's enum
-        if vt.type == 'Enum' or vt.type == 'EnumFlag':
-            return '{t}_tojson'.format(t=t), '', True
-        return '{t}_tojson'.format(t=t), '&', True
+        if vt.type == "Enum" or vt.type == "EnumFlag":
+            return "{t}_tojson".format(t=t), "", True
+        return "{t}_tojson".format(t=t), "&", True
 
     def get_json_array_func(self, t):
-        '''Given a type returns the function to create a cJSON object
-        for arrays.'''
+        """Given a type returns the function to create a cJSON object
+        for arrays."""
         if t in self.is_number:
-            return 'cJSON_CreateNumber', ''
-        if t == 'bool':
-            return 'cJSON_CreateBool', ''
+            return "cJSON_CreateNumber", ""
+        if t == "bool":
+            return "cJSON_CreateBool", ""
         vt, vt_type = self.get_base_type(t)
-        if vt.type == 'Enum' or vt.type == 'EnumFlag':
-            return '{t}_tojson'.format(t=t), ''
-        return '{t}_tojson'.format(t=t), '&'
+        if vt.type == "Enum" or vt.type == "EnumFlag":
+            return "{t}_tojson".format(t=t), ""
+        return "{t}_tojson".format(t=t), "&"
 
     def print_string(self, o):
-        '''Create cJSON object from vl_api_string_t'''
+        """Create cJSON object from vl_api_string_t"""
         write = self.stream.write
         if o.modern_vla:
-            write('    vl_api_string_cJSON_AddToObject(o, "{n}", &a->{n});\n'
-                  .format(n=o.fieldname))
+            write(
+                '    vl_api_string_cJSON_AddToObject(o, "{n}", &a->{n});\n'.format(
+                    n=o.fieldname
+                )
+            )
         else:
 
-            write('    cJSON_AddStringToObject(o, "{n}", (char *)a->{n});\n'
-                  .format(n=o.fieldname))
+            write(
+                '    cJSON_AddStringToObject(o, "{n}", (char *)a->{n});\n'.format(
+                    n=o.fieldname
+                )
+            )
 
     def print_field(self, o):
-        '''Called for every field in a typedef or define.'''
+        """Called for every field in a typedef or define."""
         write = self.stream.write
         if o.fieldname in self.noprint_fields:
             return
@@ -134,19 +139,21 @@ class ToJSON():
         f, p, newobj = self.get_json_func(o.fieldtype)
 
         if newobj:
-            write('    cJSON_AddItemToObject(o, "{n}", {f}({p}a->{n}));\n'
-                  .format(f=f, p=p, n=o.fieldname))
+            write(
+                '    cJSON_AddItemToObject(o, "{n}", {f}({p}a->{n}));\n'.format(
+                    f=f, p=p, n=o.fieldname
+                )
+            )
         else:
-            write('    {f}(o, "{n}", {p}a->{n});\n'
-                  .format(f=f, p=p, n=o.fieldname))
+            write('    {f}(o, "{n}", {p}a->{n});\n'.format(f=f, p=p, n=o.fieldname))
 
-    _dispatch['Field'] = print_field
+    _dispatch["Field"] = print_field
 
     def print_array(self, o):
-        '''Converts a VPP API array to cJSON array.'''
+        """Converts a VPP API array to cJSON array."""
         write = self.stream.write
 
-        forloop = '''\
+        forloop = """\
     {{
         int i;
         cJSON *array = cJSON_AddArrayToObject(o, "{n}");
@@ -154,237 +161,263 @@ class ToJSON():
             cJSON_AddItemToArray(array, {f}({p}a->{n}[i]));
         }}
     }}
-'''
+"""
 
-        if o.fieldtype == 'string':
+        if o.fieldtype == "string":
             self.print_string(o)
             return
 
-        lfield = 'a->' + o.lengthfield if o.lengthfield else o.length
-        if o.fieldtype == 'u8':
-            write('    {\n')
+        lfield = "a->" + o.lengthfield if o.lengthfield else o.length
+        if o.fieldtype == "u8":
+            write("    {\n")
             # What is length field doing here?
-            write('    u8 *s = format(0, "0x%U", format_hex_bytes, '
-                  '&a->{n}, {lfield});\n'
-                  .format(n=o.fieldname, lfield=lfield))
-            write('    cJSON_AddStringToObject(o, "{n}", (char *)s);\n'
-                  .format(n=o.fieldname))
-            write('    vec_free(s);\n')
-            write('    }\n')
+            write(
+                '    u8 *s = format(0, "0x%U", format_hex_bytes, '
+                "&a->{n}, {lfield});\n".format(n=o.fieldname, lfield=lfield)
+            )
+            write(
+                '    cJSON_AddStringToObject(o, "{n}", (char *)s);\n'.format(
+                    n=o.fieldname
+                )
+            )
+            write("    vec_free(s);\n")
+            write("    }\n")
             return
 
         f, p = self.get_json_array_func(o.fieldtype)
-        write(forloop.format(lfield=lfield,
-                             t=o.fieldtype,
-                             n=o.fieldname,
-                             f=f,
-                             p=p))
+        write(forloop.format(lfield=lfield, t=o.fieldtype, n=o.fieldname, f=f, p=p))
 
-    _dispatch['Array'] = print_array
+    _dispatch["Array"] = print_array
 
     def print_enum(self, o):
-        '''Create cJSON object (string) for VPP API enum'''
+        """Create cJSON object (string) for VPP API enum"""
         write = self.stream.write
-        write('static inline cJSON *vl_api_{name}_t_tojson '
-              '(vl_api_{name}_t a) {{\n'.format(name=o.name))
+        write(
+            "static inline cJSON *vl_api_{name}_t_tojson "
+            "(vl_api_{name}_t a) {{\n".format(name=o.name)
+        )
 
         write("    switch(a) {\n")
         for b in o.block:
             write("    case %s:\n" % b[1])
             write('        return cJSON_CreateString("{}");\n'.format(b[0]))
         write('    default: return cJSON_CreateString("Invalid ENUM");\n')
-        write('    }\n')
-        write('    return 0;\n')
-        write('}\n')
+        write("    }\n")
+        write("    return 0;\n")
+        write("}\n")
 
-    _dispatch['Enum'] = print_enum
+    _dispatch["Enum"] = print_enum
 
     def print_enum_flag(self, o):
-        '''Create cJSON object (string) for VPP API enum'''
+        """Create cJSON object (string) for VPP API enum"""
         write = self.stream.write
-        write('static inline cJSON *vl_api_{name}_t_tojson '
-              '(vl_api_{name}_t a) {{\n'.format(name=o.name))
-        write('    cJSON *array = cJSON_CreateArray();\n')
+        write(
+            "static inline cJSON *vl_api_{name}_t_tojson "
+            "(vl_api_{name}_t a) {{\n".format(name=o.name)
+        )
+        write("    cJSON *array = cJSON_CreateArray();\n")
 
         for b in o.block:
             if b[1] == 0:
-                    continue
-            write('    if (a & {})\n'.format(b[0]))
+                continue
+            write("    if (a & {})\n".format(b[0]))
             write(
-                '       cJSON_AddItemToArray(array, cJSON_CreateString("{}"));\n'.format(b[0]))
-        write('    return array;\n')
-        write('}\n')
+                '       cJSON_AddItemToArray(array, cJSON_CreateString("{}"));\n'.format(
+                    b[0]
+                )
+            )
+        write("    return array;\n")
+        write("}\n")
 
-    _dispatch['EnumFlag'] = print_enum_flag
+    _dispatch["EnumFlag"] = print_enum_flag
 
     def print_typedef(self, o):
-        '''Create cJSON (dictionary) object from VPP API typedef'''
+        """Create cJSON (dictionary) object from VPP API typedef"""
         write = self.stream.write
-        write('static inline cJSON *vl_api_{name}_t_tojson '
-              '(vl_api_{name}_t *a) {{\n'.format(name=o.name))
-        write('    cJSON *o = cJSON_CreateObject();\n')
+        write(
+            "static inline cJSON *vl_api_{name}_t_tojson "
+            "(vl_api_{name}_t *a) {{\n".format(name=o.name)
+        )
+        write("    cJSON *o = cJSON_CreateObject();\n")
 
         for t in o.block:
             self._dispatch[t.type](self, t)
 
-        write('    return o;\n')
-        write('}\n')
+        write("    return o;\n")
+        write("}\n")
 
     def print_define(self, o):
-        '''Create cJSON (dictionary) object from VPP API define'''
+        """Create cJSON (dictionary) object from VPP API define"""
         write = self.stream.write
-        write('static inline cJSON *vl_api_{name}_t_tojson '
-              '(vl_api_{name}_t *a) {{\n'.format(name=o.name))
-        write('    cJSON *o = cJSON_CreateObject();\n')
-        write('    cJSON_AddStringToObject(o, "_msgname", "{}");\n'
-              .format(o.name))
-        write('    cJSON_AddStringToObject(o, "_crc", "{crc:08x}");\n'
-              .format(crc=o.crc))
+        write(
+            "static inline cJSON *vl_api_{name}_t_tojson "
+            "(vl_api_{name}_t *a) {{\n".format(name=o.name)
+        )
+        write("    cJSON *o = cJSON_CreateObject();\n")
+        write('    cJSON_AddStringToObject(o, "_msgname", "{}");\n'.format(o.name))
+        write(
+            '    cJSON_AddStringToObject(o, "_crc", "{crc:08x}");\n'.format(crc=o.crc)
+        )
 
         for t in o.block:
             self._dispatch[t.type](self, t)
 
-        write('    return o;\n')
-        write('}\n')
+        write("    return o;\n")
+        write("}\n")
 
     def print_using(self, o):
-        '''Create cJSON (dictionary) object from VPP API aliased type'''
+        """Create cJSON (dictionary) object from VPP API aliased type"""
         if o.manual_print:
             return
 
         write = self.stream.write
-        write('static inline cJSON *vl_api_{name}_t_tojson '
-              '(vl_api_{name}_t *a) {{\n'.format(name=o.name))
+        write(
+            "static inline cJSON *vl_api_{name}_t_tojson "
+            "(vl_api_{name}_t *a) {{\n".format(name=o.name)
+        )
 
-        write('    u8 *s = format(0, "%U", format_vl_api_{}_t, a);\n'
-              .format(o.name))
-        write('    cJSON *o = cJSON_CreateString((char *)s);\n')
-        write('    vec_free(s);\n')
-        write('    return o;\n')
-        write('}\n')
+        write('    u8 *s = format(0, "%U", format_vl_api_{}_t, a);\n'.format(o.name))
+        write("    cJSON *o = cJSON_CreateString((char *)s);\n")
+        write("    vec_free(s);\n")
+        write("    return o;\n")
+        write("}\n")
 
-    _dispatch['Typedef'] = print_typedef
-    _dispatch['Define'] = print_define
-    _dispatch['Using'] = print_using
-    _dispatch['Union'] = print_typedef
+    _dispatch["Typedef"] = print_typedef
+    _dispatch["Define"] = print_define
+    _dispatch["Using"] = print_using
+    _dispatch["Union"] = print_typedef
 
     def generate_function(self, t):
-        '''Main entry point'''
+        """Main entry point"""
         write = self.stream.write
         if t.manual_print:
-            write('/* Manual print {} */\n'.format(t.name))
+            write("/* Manual print {} */\n".format(t.name))
             return
         self._dispatch[t.type](self, t)
 
     def generate_types(self):
-        '''Main entry point'''
+        """Main entry point"""
         for t in self.types:
             self.generate_function(t)
 
     def generate_defines(self):
-        '''Main entry point'''
+        """Main entry point"""
         for t in self.defines:
             self.generate_function(t)
 
 
-class FromJSON():
-    '''
+class FromJSON:
+    """
     Parse JSON objects into VPP API binary message structures.
-    '''
+    """
+
     _dispatch = {}
-    noprint_fields = {'_vl_msg_id': None,
-                      'client_index': None,
-                      'context': None}
-    is_number = {'u8': None,
-                 'i8': None,
-                 'u16': None,
-                 'i16': None,
-                 'u32': None,
-                 'i32': None,
-                 'u64': None,
-                 'i64': None,
-                 'f64': None,
-                 }
+    noprint_fields = {"_vl_msg_id": None, "client_index": None, "context": None}
+    is_number = {
+        "u8": None,
+        "i8": None,
+        "u16": None,
+        "i16": None,
+        "u32": None,
+        "i32": None,
+        "u64": None,
+        "i64": None,
+        "f64": None,
+    }
 
     def __init__(self, module, types, defines, imported_types, stream):
         self.stream = stream
         self.module = module
         self.defines = defines
         self.types = types
-        self.types_hash = {'vl_api_'+d.name+'_t':
-                           d for d in types + imported_types}
+        self.types_hash = {"vl_api_" + d.name + "_t": d for d in types + imported_types}
         self.defines_hash = {d.name: d for d in defines}
 
     def header(self):
-        '''Output the top boilerplate.'''
+        """Output the top boilerplate."""
         write = self.stream.write
-        write('#ifndef included_{}_api_fromjson_h\n'.format(self.module))
-        write('#define included_{}_api_fromjson_h\n'.format(self.module))
-        write('#include \n\n')
-        write('#include \n\n')
+        write("#ifndef included_{}_api_fromjson_h\n".format(self.module))
+        write("#define included_{}_api_fromjson_h\n".format(self.module))
+        write("#include \n\n")
+        write("#include \n\n")
         write('#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-label"\n')
 
     def is_base_type(self, t):
-        '''Check if a type is one of the VPP API base types'''
+        """Check if a type is one of the VPP API base types"""
         if t in self.is_number:
             return True
-        if t == 'bool':
+        if t == "bool":
             return True
         return False
 
     def footer(self):
-        '''Output the bottom boilerplate.'''
+        """Output the bottom boilerplate."""
         write = self.stream.write
-        write('#endif\n')
+        write("#endif\n")
 
     def print_string(self, o, toplevel=False):
-        '''Convert JSON string to vl_api_string_t'''
+        """Convert JSON string to vl_api_string_t"""
         write = self.stream.write
 
         msgvar = "a" if toplevel else "*mp"
         msgsize = "l" if toplevel else "*len"
 
         if o.modern_vla:
-            write('    char *p = cJSON_GetStringValue(item);\n')
-            write('    size_t plen = strlen(p);\n')
-            write('    {msgvar} = cJSON_realloc({msgvar}, {msgsize} + plen, {msgsize});\n'
-                  .format(msgvar=msgvar, msgsize=msgsize))
-            write('    if ({msgvar} == 0) goto error;\n'.format(msgvar=msgvar))
-            write('    vl_api_c_string_to_api_string(p, (void *){msgvar} + '
-                  '{msgsize} - sizeof(vl_api_string_t));\n'
-                  .format(msgvar=msgvar, msgsize=msgsize))
-            write('    {msgsize} += plen;\n'.format(msgsize=msgsize))
+            write("    char *p = cJSON_GetStringValue(item);\n")
+            write("    size_t plen = strlen(p);\n")
+            write(
+                "    {msgvar} = cJSON_realloc({msgvar}, {msgsize} + plen, {msgsize});\n".format(
+                    msgvar=msgvar, msgsize=msgsize
+                )
+            )
+            write("    if ({msgvar} == 0) goto error;\n".format(msgvar=msgvar))
+            write(
+                "    vl_api_c_string_to_api_string(p, (void *){msgvar} + "
+                "{msgsize} - sizeof(vl_api_string_t));\n".format(
+                    msgvar=msgvar, msgsize=msgsize
+                )
+            )
+            write("    {msgsize} += plen;\n".format(msgsize=msgsize))
         else:
-            write('    strncpy_s((char *)a->{n}, sizeof(a->{n}), '
-                  'cJSON_GetStringValue(item), sizeof(a->{n}) - 1);\n'
-                  .format(n=o.fieldname))
+            write(
+                "    strncpy_s((char *)a->{n}, sizeof(a->{n}), "
+                "cJSON_GetStringValue(item), sizeof(a->{n}) - 1);\n".format(
+                    n=o.fieldname
+                )
+            )
 
     def print_field(self, o, toplevel=False):
-        '''Called for every field in a typedef or define.'''
+        """Called for every field in a typedef or define."""
         write = self.stream.write
         if o.fieldname in self.noprint_fields:
             return
         is_bt = self.is_base_type(o.fieldtype)
-        t = 'vl_api_{}'.format(o.fieldtype) if is_bt else o.fieldtype
+        t = "vl_api_{}".format(o.fieldtype) if is_bt else o.fieldtype
 
         msgvar = "(void **)&a" if toplevel else "mp"
         msgsize = "&l" if toplevel else "len"
 
         if is_bt:
-            write('    vl_api_{t}_fromjson(item, &a->{n});\n'
-                  .format(t=o.fieldtype, n=o.fieldname))
+            write(
+                "    vl_api_{t}_fromjson(item, &a->{n});\n".format(
+                    t=o.fieldtype, n=o.fieldname
+                )
+            )
         else:
-            write('    if ({t}_fromjson({msgvar}, '
-                  '{msgsize}, item, &a->{n}) < 0) goto error;\n'
-                  .format(t=t, n=o.fieldname, msgvar=msgvar, msgsize=msgsize))
+            write(
+                "    if ({t}_fromjson({msgvar}, "
+                "{msgsize}, item, &a->{n}) < 0) goto error;\n".format(
+                    t=t, n=o.fieldname, msgvar=msgvar, msgsize=msgsize
+                )
+            )
 
-    _dispatch['Field'] = print_field
+    _dispatch["Field"] = print_field
 
     def print_array(self, o, toplevel=False):
-        '''Convert JSON array to VPP API array'''
+        """Convert JSON array to VPP API array"""
         write = self.stream.write
 
-        forloop = '''\
+        forloop = """\
     {{
         int i;
         cJSON *array = cJSON_GetObjectItem(o, "{n}");
@@ -395,8 +428,8 @@ class FromJSON():
             {call}
         }}
     }}
-'''
-        forloop_vla = '''\
+"""
+        forloop_vla = """\
     {{
         int i;
         cJSON *array = cJSON_GetObjectItem(o, "{n}");
@@ -410,271 +443,296 @@ class FromJSON():
             {call}
         }}
     }}
-'''
+"""
         t = o.fieldtype
-        if o.fieldtype == 'string':
+        if o.fieldtype == "string":
             self.print_string(o, toplevel)
             return
 
-        lfield = 'a->' + o.lengthfield if o.lengthfield else o.length
+        lfield = "a->" + o.lengthfield if o.lengthfield else o.length
         msgvar = "(void **)&a" if toplevel else "mp"
         realloc = "a" if toplevel else "*mp"
         msgsize = "l" if toplevel else "*len"
 
-        if o.fieldtype == 'u8':
+        if o.fieldtype == "u8":
             if o.lengthfield:
-                write('    s = u8string_fromjson(o, "{}");\n'
-                      .format(o.fieldname))
-                write('    if (!s) goto error;\n')
-                write('    {} = vec_len(s);\n'.format(lfield))
+                write('    s = u8string_fromjson(o, "{}");\n'.format(o.fieldname))
+                write("    if (!s) goto error;\n")
+                write("    {} = vec_len(s);\n".format(lfield))
 
-                write('    {realloc} = cJSON_realloc({realloc}, {msgsize} + '
-                      'vec_len(s), {msgsize});\n'.format(msgvar=msgvar, msgsize=msgsize, realloc=realloc))
-                write('    memcpy((void *){realloc} + {msgsize}, s, '
-                      'vec_len(s));\n'.format(realloc=realloc, msgsize=msgsize))
-                write('    {msgsize} += vec_len(s);\n'.format(msgsize=msgsize))
+                write(
+                    "    {realloc} = cJSON_realloc({realloc}, {msgsize} + "
+                    "vec_len(s), {msgsize});\n".format(
+                        msgvar=msgvar, msgsize=msgsize, realloc=realloc
+                    )
+                )
+                write(
+                    "    memcpy((void *){realloc} + {msgsize}, s, "
+                    "vec_len(s));\n".format(realloc=realloc, msgsize=msgsize)
+                )
+                write("    {msgsize} += vec_len(s);\n".format(msgsize=msgsize))
 
-                write('    vec_free(s);\n')
+                write("    vec_free(s);\n")
             else:
-                write('    if (u8string_fromjson2(o, "{n}", a->{n}) < 0) goto error;\n'
-                      .format(n=o.fieldname))
+                write(
+                    '    if (u8string_fromjson2(o, "{n}", a->{n}) < 0) goto error;\n'.format(
+                        n=o.fieldname
+                    )
+                )
             return
 
         is_bt = self.is_base_type(o.fieldtype)
 
         if o.lengthfield:
             if is_bt:
-                call = ('vl_api_{t}_fromjson(e, &d[i]);'
-                        .format(t=o.fieldtype))
+                call = "vl_api_{t}_fromjson(e, &d[i]);".format(t=o.fieldtype)
             else:
-                call = ('if ({t}_fromjson({msgvar}, len, e, &d[i]) < 0) goto error; '
-                        .format(t=o.fieldtype, msgvar=msgvar))
-            write(forloop_vla.format(lfield=lfield,
-                                     t=o.fieldtype,
-                                     n=o.fieldname,
-                                     call=call,
-                                     realloc=realloc,
-                                     msgsize=msgsize))
+                call = "if ({t}_fromjson({msgvar}, len, e, &d[i]) < 0) goto error; ".format(
+                    t=o.fieldtype, msgvar=msgvar
+                )
+            write(
+                forloop_vla.format(
+                    lfield=lfield,
+                    t=o.fieldtype,
+                    n=o.fieldname,
+                    call=call,
+                    realloc=realloc,
+                    msgsize=msgsize,
+                )
+            )
         else:
             if is_bt:
-                call = ('vl_api_{t}_fromjson(e, &a->{n}[i]);'
-                        .format(t=t, n=o.fieldname))
+                call = "vl_api_{t}_fromjson(e, &a->{n}[i]);".format(t=t, n=o.fieldname)
             else:
-                call = ('if ({}_fromjson({}, len, e, &a->{}[i]) < 0) goto error;'
-                        .format(t, msgvar, o.fieldname))
-            write(forloop.format(lfield=lfield,
-                                 t=t,
-                                 n=o.fieldname,
-                                 call=call,
-                                 msgvar=msgvar,
-                                 realloc=realloc,
-                                 msgsize=msgsize))
+                call = "if ({}_fromjson({}, len, e, &a->{}[i]) < 0) goto error;".format(
+                    t, msgvar, o.fieldname
+                )
+            write(
+                forloop.format(
+                    lfield=lfield,
+                    t=t,
+                    n=o.fieldname,
+                    call=call,
+                    msgvar=msgvar,
+                    realloc=realloc,
+                    msgsize=msgsize,
+                )
+            )
 
-    _dispatch['Array'] = print_array
+    _dispatch["Array"] = print_array
 
     def print_enum(self, o):
-        '''Convert to JSON enum(string) to VPP API enum (int)'''
+        """Convert to JSON enum(string) to VPP API enum (int)"""
         write = self.stream.write
-        write('static inline int vl_api_{n}_t_fromjson'
-              '(void **mp, int *len, cJSON *o, vl_api_{n}_t *a) {{\n'
-              .format(n=o.name))
-        write('    char *p = cJSON_GetStringValue(o);\n')
+        write(
+            "static inline int vl_api_{n}_t_fromjson"
+            "(void **mp, int *len, cJSON *o, vl_api_{n}_t *a) {{\n".format(n=o.name)
+        )
+        write("    char *p = cJSON_GetStringValue(o);\n")
         for b in o.block:
-            write('    if (strcmp(p, "{}") == 0) {{*a = {}; return 0;}}\n'
-                  .format(b[0], b[1]))
-        write('    *a = 0;\n')
-        write('    return -1;\n')
-        write('}\n')
+            write(
+                '    if (strcmp(p, "{}") == 0) {{*a = {}; return 0;}}\n'.format(
+                    b[0], b[1]
+                )
+            )
+        write("    *a = 0;\n")
+        write("    return -1;\n")
+        write("}\n")
 
-    _dispatch['Enum'] = print_enum
+    _dispatch["Enum"] = print_enum
 
     def print_enum_flag(self, o):
-        '''Convert to JSON enum(string) to VPP API enum (int)'''
+        """Convert to JSON enum(string) to VPP API enum (int)"""
         write = self.stream.write
-        write('static inline int vl_api_{n}_t_fromjson '
-              '(void **mp, int *len, cJSON *o, vl_api_{n}_t *a) {{\n'
-              .format(n=o.name))
-        write('   int i;\n')
-        write('   *a = 0;\n')
-        write('   for (i = 0; i < cJSON_GetArraySize(o); i++) {\n')
-        write('       cJSON *e = cJSON_GetArrayItem(o, i);\n')
-        write('       char *p = cJSON_GetStringValue(e);\n')
-        write('       if (!p) return -1;\n')
+        write(
+            "static inline int vl_api_{n}_t_fromjson "
+            "(void **mp, int *len, cJSON *o, vl_api_{n}_t *a) {{\n".format(n=o.name)
+        )
+        write("   int i;\n")
+        write("   *a = 0;\n")
+        write("   for (i = 0; i < cJSON_GetArraySize(o); i++) {\n")
+        write("       cJSON *e = cJSON_GetArrayItem(o, i);\n")
+        write("       char *p = cJSON_GetStringValue(e);\n")
+        write("       if (!p) return -1;\n")
         for b in o.block:
-            write('       if (strcmp(p, "{}") == 0) *a |= {};\n'
-                  .format(b[0], b[1]))
-        write('    }\n')
-        write('   return 0;\n')
-        write('}\n')
+            write('       if (strcmp(p, "{}") == 0) *a |= {};\n'.format(b[0], b[1]))
+        write("    }\n")
+        write("   return 0;\n")
+        write("}\n")
 
-    _dispatch['EnumFlag'] = print_enum_flag
+    _dispatch["EnumFlag"] = print_enum_flag
 
     def print_typedef(self, o):
-        '''Convert from JSON object to VPP API binary representation'''
+        """Convert from JSON object to VPP API binary representation"""
         write = self.stream.write
 
-        write('static inline int vl_api_{name}_t_fromjson (void **mp, '
-              'int *len, cJSON *o, vl_api_{name}_t *a) {{\n'
-              .format(name=o.name))
-        write('    cJSON *item __attribute__ ((unused));\n')
-        write('    u8 *s __attribute__ ((unused));\n')
+        write(
+            "static inline int vl_api_{name}_t_fromjson (void **mp, "
+            "int *len, cJSON *o, vl_api_{name}_t *a) {{\n".format(name=o.name)
+        )
+        write("    cJSON *item __attribute__ ((unused));\n")
+        write("    u8 *s __attribute__ ((unused));\n")
         for t in o.block:
-            if t.type == 'Field' and t.is_lengthfield:
+            if t.type == "Field" and t.is_lengthfield:
                 continue
-            write('\n    item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(o, "{}");\n'
-                  .format(t.fieldname))
-            write('    if (!item) goto error;\n')
+            write('\n    item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(o, "{}");\n'.format(t.fieldname))
+            write("    if (!item) goto error;\n")
             self._dispatch[t.type](self, t)
 
-        write('\n    return 0;\n')
-        write('\n  error:\n')
-        write('    return -1;\n')
-        write('}\n')
+        write("\n    return 0;\n")
+        write("\n  error:\n")
+        write("    return -1;\n")
+        write("}\n")
 
     def print_union(self, o):
-        '''Convert JSON object to VPP API binary union'''
+        """Convert JSON object to VPP API binary union"""
         write = self.stream.write
 
-        write('static inline int vl_api_{name}_t_fromjson (void **mp, '
-              'int *len, cJSON *o, vl_api_{name}_t *a) {{\n'
-              .format(name=o.name))
-        write('    cJSON *item __attribute__ ((unused));\n')
-        write('    u8 *s __attribute__ ((unused));\n')
+        write(
+            "static inline int vl_api_{name}_t_fromjson (void **mp, "
+            "int *len, cJSON *o, vl_api_{name}_t *a) {{\n".format(name=o.name)
+        )
+        write("    cJSON *item __attribute__ ((unused));\n")
+        write("    u8 *s __attribute__ ((unused));\n")
         for t in o.block:
-            if t.type == 'Field' and t.is_lengthfield:
+            if t.type == "Field" and t.is_lengthfield:
                 continue
-            write('    item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(o, "{}");\n'
-                  .format(t.fieldname))
-            write('    if (item) {\n')
+            write('    item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(o, "{}");\n'.format(t.fieldname))
+            write("    if (item) {\n")
             self._dispatch[t.type](self, t)
-            write('    };\n')
-        write('\n    return 0;\n')
-        write('\n  error:\n')
-        write('    return -1;\n')
-        write('}\n')
+            write("    };\n")
+        write("\n    return 0;\n")
+        write("\n  error:\n")
+        write("    return -1;\n")
+        write("}\n")
 
     def print_define(self, o):
-        '''Convert JSON object to VPP API message'''
+        """Convert JSON object to VPP API message"""
         write = self.stream.write
         error = 0
-        write('static inline vl_api_{name}_t *vl_api_{name}_t_fromjson '
-              '(cJSON *o, int *len) {{\n'.format(name=o.name))
-        write('    cJSON *item __attribute__ ((unused));\n')
-        write('    u8 *s __attribute__ ((unused));\n')
-        write('    int l = sizeof(vl_api_{}_t);\n'.format(o.name))
-        write('    vl_api_{}_t *a = cJSON_malloc(l);\n'.format(o.name))
-        write('\n')
+        write(
+            "static inline vl_api_{name}_t *vl_api_{name}_t_fromjson "
+            "(cJSON *o, int *len) {{\n".format(name=o.name)
+        )
+        write("    cJSON *item __attribute__ ((unused));\n")
+        write("    u8 *s __attribute__ ((unused));\n")
+        write("    int l = sizeof(vl_api_{}_t);\n".format(o.name))
+        write("    vl_api_{}_t *a = cJSON_malloc(l);\n".format(o.name))
+        write("\n")
 
         for t in o.block:
             if t.fieldname in self.noprint_fields:
                 continue
-            if t.type == 'Field' and t.is_lengthfield:
+            if t.type == "Field" and t.is_lengthfield:
                 continue
-            write('    item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(o, "{}");\n'
-                  .format(t.fieldname))
-            write('    if (!item) goto error;\n')
+            write('    item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(o, "{}");\n'.format(t.fieldname))
+            write("    if (!item) goto error;\n")
             error += 1
             self._dispatch[t.type](self, t, toplevel=True)
-            write('\n')
+            write("\n")
 
-        write('    *len = l;\n')
-        write('    return a;\n')
+        write("    *len = l;\n")
+        write("    return a;\n")
 
         if error:
-            write('\n  error:\n')
-            write('    cJSON_free(a);\n')
-            write('    return 0;\n')
-        write('}\n')
+            write("\n  error:\n")
+            write("    cJSON_free(a);\n")
+            write("    return 0;\n")
+        write("}\n")
 
     def print_using(self, o):
-        '''Convert JSON field to VPP type alias'''
+        """Convert JSON field to VPP type alias"""
         write = self.stream.write
 
         if o.manual_print:
             return
 
         t = o.using
-        write('static inline int vl_api_{name}_t_fromjson (void **mp, '
-              'int *len, cJSON *o, vl_api_{name}_t *a) {{\n'
-              .format(name=o.name))
-        if 'length' in o.alias:
-            if t.fieldtype != 'u8':
-                raise ValueError("Error in processing type {} for {}"
-                                 .format(t.fieldtype, o.name))
-            write('    vl_api_u8_string_fromjson(o, (u8 *)a, {});\n'
-                  .format(o.alias['length']))
+        write(
+            "static inline int vl_api_{name}_t_fromjson (void **mp, "
+            "int *len, cJSON *o, vl_api_{name}_t *a) {{\n".format(name=o.name)
+        )
+        if "length" in o.alias:
+            if t.fieldtype != "u8":
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Error in processing type {} for {}".format(t.fieldtype, o.name)
+                )
+            write(
+                "    vl_api_u8_string_fromjson(o, (u8 *)a, {});\n".format(
+                    o.alias["length"]
+                )
+            )
         else:
-            write('    vl_api_{t}_fromjson(o, ({t} *)a);\n'
-                  .format(t=t.fieldtype))
+            write("    vl_api_{t}_fromjson(o, ({t} *)a);\n".format(t=t.fieldtype))
 
-        write('    return 0;\n')
-        write('}\n')
+        write("    return 0;\n")
+        write("}\n")
 
-    _dispatch['Typedef'] = print_typedef
-    _dispatch['Define'] = print_define
-    _dispatch['Using'] = print_using
-    _dispatch['Union'] = print_union
+    _dispatch["Typedef"] = print_typedef
+    _dispatch["Define"] = print_define
+    _dispatch["Using"] = print_using
+    _dispatch["Union"] = print_union
 
     def generate_function(self, t):
-        '''Main entry point'''
+        """Main entry point"""
         write = self.stream.write
         if t.manual_print:
-            write('/* Manual print {} */\n'.format(t.name))
+            write("/* Manual print {} */\n".format(t.name))
             return
         self._dispatch[t.type](self, t)
 
     def generate_types(self):
-        '''Main entry point'''
+        """Main entry point"""
         for t in self.types:
             self.generate_function(t)
 
     def generate_defines(self):
-        '''Main entry point'''
+        """Main entry point"""
         for t in self.defines:
             self.generate_function(t)
 
 
 def generate_tojson(s, modulename, stream):
-    '''Generate all functions to convert from API to JSON'''
+    """Generate all functions to convert from API to JSON"""
     write = stream.write
 
-    write('/* Imported API files */\n')
-    for i in s['Import']:
-        f = i.filename.replace('plugins/', '')
-        write('#include <{}_tojson.h>\n'.format(f))
+    write("/* Imported API files */\n")
+    for i in s["Import"]:
+        f = i.filename.replace("plugins/", "")
+        write("#include <{}_tojson.h>\n".format(f))
 
-    pp = ToJSON(modulename, s['types'], s['Define'], s['imported']['types'],
-                stream)
+    pp = ToJSON(modulename, s["types"], s["Define"], s["imported"]["types"], stream)
     pp.header()
     pp.generate_types()
     pp.generate_defines()
     pp.footer()
-    return ''
+    return ""
 
 
 def generate_fromjson(s, modulename, stream):
-    '''Generate all functions to convert from JSON to API'''
+    """Generate all functions to convert from JSON to API"""
     write = stream.write
-    write('/* Imported API files */\n')
-    for i in s['Import']:
-        f = i.filename.replace('plugins/', '')
-        write('#include <{}_fromjson.h>\n'.format(f))
+    write("/* Imported API files */\n")
+    for i in s["Import"]:
+        f = i.filename.replace("plugins/", "")
+        write("#include <{}_fromjson.h>\n".format(f))
 
-    pp = FromJSON(modulename, s['types'], s['Define'], s['imported']['types'],
-                  stream)
+    pp = FromJSON(modulename, s["types"], s["Define"], s["imported"]["types"], stream)
     pp.header()
     pp.generate_types()
     pp.generate_defines()
     pp.footer()
 
-    return ''
+    return ""
+
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 
 DATESTRING = datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(
-    int(os.environ.get('SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH', time.time())))
-TOP_BOILERPLATE = '''\
+    int(os.environ.get("SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH", time.time()))
+)
+TOP_BOILERPLATE = """\
 /*
  * VLIB API definitions {datestring}
  * Input file: {input_filename}
@@ -693,45 +751,47 @@ TOP_BOILERPLATE = '''\
 #endif
 
 #define VL_API_PACKED(x) x __attribute__ ((packed))
-'''
+"""
 
-BOTTOM_BOILERPLATE = '''\
+BOTTOM_BOILERPLATE = """\
 /****** API CRC (whole file) *****/
 
 #ifdef vl_api_version
 vl_api_version({input_filename}, {file_crc:#08x})
 
 #endif
-'''
+"""
 
 
 def msg_ids(s):
-    '''Generate macro to map API message id to handler'''
-    output = '''\
+    """Generate macro to map API message id to handler"""
+    output = """\
 
 /****** Message ID / handler enum ******/
 
 #ifdef vl_msg_id
-'''
+"""
 
-    for t in s['Define']:
-        output += "vl_msg_id(VL_API_%s, vl_api_%s_t_handler)\n" % \
-                  (t.name.upper(), t.name)
+    for t in s["Define"]:
+        output += "vl_msg_id(VL_API_%s, vl_api_%s_t_handler)\n" % (
+            t.name.upper(),
+            t.name,
+        )
     output += "#endif"
 
     return output
 
 
 def msg_names(s):
-    '''Generate calls to name mapping macro'''
-    output = '''\
+    """Generate calls to name mapping macro"""
+    output = """\
 
 /****** Message names ******/
 
 #ifdef vl_msg_name
-'''
+"""
 
-    for t in s['Define']:
+    for t in s["Define"]:
         dont_trace = 0 if t.dont_trace else 1
         output += "vl_msg_name(vl_api_%s_t, %d)\n" % (t.name, dont_trace)
     output += "#endif"
@@ -740,190 +800,215 @@ def msg_names(s):
 
 
 def msg_name_crc_list(s, suffix):
-    '''Generate list of names to CRC mappings'''
-    output = '''\
+    """Generate list of names to CRC mappings"""
+    output = """\
 
 /****** Message name, crc list ******/
 
 #ifdef vl_msg_name_crc_list
-'''
+"""
     output += "#define foreach_vl_msg_name_crc_%s " % suffix
 
-    for t in s['Define']:
-        output += "\\\n_(VL_API_%s, %s, %08x) " % \
-            (t.name.upper(), t.name, t.crc)
+    for t in s["Define"]:
+        output += "\\\n_(VL_API_%s, %s, %08x) " % (t.name.upper(), t.name, t.crc)
     output += "\n#endif"
 
     return output
 
 
 def api2c(fieldtype):
-    '''Map between API type names and internal VPP type names'''
-    mappingtable = {'string': 'vl_api_string_t', }
+    """Map between API type names and internal VPP type names"""
+    mappingtable = {
+        "string": "vl_api_string_t",
+    }
     if fieldtype in mappingtable:
         return mappingtable[fieldtype]
     return fieldtype
 
 
 def typedefs(filename):
-    '''Include in the main files to the types file'''
-    output = '''\
+    """Include in the main files to the types file"""
+    output = """\
 
 /****** Typedefs ******/
 
 #ifdef vl_typedefs
 #include "{include}.api_types.h"
 #endif
-'''.format(include=filename)
+""".format(
+        include=filename
+    )
     return output
 
 
-FORMAT_STRINGS = {'u8': '%u',
-                  'bool': '%u',
-                  'i8': '%d',
-                  'u16': '%u',
-                  'i16': '%d',
-                  'u32': '%u',
-                  'i32': '%ld',
-                  'u64': '%llu',
-                  'i64': '%lld',
-                  'f64': '%.2f'}
+FORMAT_STRINGS = {
+    "u8": "%u",
+    "bool": "%u",
+    "i8": "%d",
+    "u16": "%u",
+    "i16": "%d",
+    "u32": "%u",
+    "i32": "%ld",
+    "u64": "%llu",
+    "i64": "%lld",
+    "f64": "%.2f",
+}
 
 
-class Printfun():
-    '''Functions for pretty printing VPP API messages'''
+class Printfun:
+    """Functions for pretty printing VPP API messages"""
+
     _dispatch = {}
-    noprint_fields = {'_vl_msg_id': None,
-                      'client_index': None,
-                      'context': None}
+    noprint_fields = {"_vl_msg_id": None, "client_index": None, "context": None}
 
     def __init__(self, stream):
         self.stream = stream
 
     @staticmethod
     def print_string(o, stream):
-        '''Pretty print a vl_api_string_t'''
+        """Pretty print a vl_api_string_t"""
         write = stream.write
         if o.modern_vla:
-            write('    if (vl_api_string_len(&a->{f}) > 0) {{\n'
-                  .format(f=o.fieldname))
-            write('        s = format(s, "\\n%U{f}: %U", '
-                  'format_white_space, indent, '
-                  'vl_api_format_string, (&a->{f}));\n'.format(f=o.fieldname))
-            write('    } else {\n')
-            write('        s = format(s, "\\n%U{f}:", '
-                  'format_white_space, indent);\n'.format(f=o.fieldname))
-            write('    }\n')
+            write("    if (vl_api_string_len(&a->{f}) > 0) {{\n".format(f=o.fieldname))
+            write(
+                '        s = format(s, "\\n%U{f}: %U", '
+                "format_white_space, indent, "
+                "vl_api_format_string, (&a->{f}));\n".format(f=o.fieldname)
+            )
+            write("    } else {\n")
+            write(
+                '        s = format(s, "\\n%U{f}:", '
+                "format_white_space, indent);\n".format(f=o.fieldname)
+            )
+            write("    }\n")
         else:
-            write('    s = format(s, "\\n%U{f}: %s", '
-                  'format_white_space, indent, a->{f});\n'
-                  .format(f=o.fieldname))
+            write(
+                '    s = format(s, "\\n%U{f}: %s", '
+                "format_white_space, indent, a->{f});\n".format(f=o.fieldname)
+            )
 
     def print_field(self, o, stream):
-        '''Pretty print API field'''
+        """Pretty print API field"""
         write = stream.write
         if o.fieldname in self.noprint_fields:
             return
         if o.fieldtype in FORMAT_STRINGS:
             f = FORMAT_STRINGS[o.fieldtype]
-            write('    s = format(s, "\\n%U{n}: {f}", '
-                  'format_white_space, indent, a->{n});\n'
-                  .format(n=o.fieldname, f=f))
+            write(
+                '    s = format(s, "\\n%U{n}: {f}", '
+                "format_white_space, indent, a->{n});\n".format(n=o.fieldname, f=f)
+            )
         else:
-            write('    s = format(s, "\\n%U{n}: %U", '
-                  'format_white_space, indent, '
-                  'format_{t}, &a->{n}, indent);\n'
-                  .format(n=o.fieldname, t=o.fieldtype))
+            write(
+                '    s = format(s, "\\n%U{n}: %U", '
+                "format_white_space, indent, "
+                "format_{t}, &a->{n}, indent);\n".format(n=o.fieldname, t=o.fieldtype)
+            )
 
-    _dispatch['Field'] = print_field
+    _dispatch["Field"] = print_field
 
     def print_array(self, o, stream):
-        '''Pretty print API array'''
+        """Pretty print API array"""
         write = stream.write
 
-        forloop = '''\
+        forloop = """\
     for (i = 0; i < {lfield}; i++) {{
         s = format(s, "\\n%U{n}: %U",
                    format_white_space, indent, format_{t}, &a->{n}[i], indent);
     }}
-'''
+"""
 
-        forloop_format = '''\
+        forloop_format = """\
     for (i = 0; i < {lfield}; i++) {{
         s = format(s, "\\n%U{n}: {t}",
                    format_white_space, indent, a->{n}[i]);
     }}
-'''
+"""
 
-        if o.fieldtype == 'string':
+        if o.fieldtype == "string":
             self.print_string(o, stream)
             return
 
-        if o.fieldtype == 'u8':
+        if o.fieldtype == "u8":
             if o.lengthfield:
-                write('    s = format(s, "\\n%U{n}: %U", format_white_space, '
-                      'indent, format_hex_bytes, a->{n}, a->{lfield});\n'
-                      .format(n=o.fieldname, lfield=o.lengthfield))
+                write(
+                    '    s = format(s, "\\n%U{n}: %U", format_white_space, '
+                    "indent, format_hex_bytes, a->{n}, a->{lfield});\n".format(
+                        n=o.fieldname, lfield=o.lengthfield
+                    )
+                )
             else:
-                write('    s = format(s, "\\n%U{n}: %U", format_white_space, '
-                      'indent, format_hex_bytes, a, {lfield});\n'
-                      .format(n=o.fieldname, lfield=o.length))
+                write(
+                    '    s = format(s, "\\n%U{n}: %U", format_white_space, '
+                    "indent, format_hex_bytes, a, {lfield});\n".format(
+                        n=o.fieldname, lfield=o.length
+                    )
+                )
             return
 
-        lfield = 'a->' + o.lengthfield if o.lengthfield else o.length
+        lfield = "a->" + o.lengthfield if o.lengthfield else o.length
         if o.fieldtype in FORMAT_STRINGS:
-            write(forloop_format.format(lfield=lfield,
-                                        t=FORMAT_STRINGS[o.fieldtype],
-                                        n=o.fieldname))
+            write(
+                forloop_format.format(
+                    lfield=lfield, t=FORMAT_STRINGS[o.fieldtype], n=o.fieldname
+                )
+            )
         else:
             write(forloop.format(lfield=lfield, t=o.fieldtype, n=o.fieldname))
 
-    _dispatch['Array'] = print_array
+    _dispatch["Array"] = print_array
 
     @staticmethod
     def print_alias(k, v, stream):
-        '''Pretty print type alias'''
+        """Pretty print type alias"""
         write = stream.write
-        if ('length' in v.alias and v.alias['length'] and
-                v.alias['type'] == 'u8'):
-            write('    return format(s, "%U", format_hex_bytes, a, {});\n'
-                  .format(v.alias['length']))
-        elif v.alias['type'] in FORMAT_STRINGS:
-            write('    return format(s, "{}", *a);\n'
-                  .format(FORMAT_STRINGS[v.alias['type']]))
+        if "length" in v.alias and v.alias["length"] and v.alias["type"] == "u8":
+            write(
+                '    return format(s, "%U", format_hex_bytes, a, {});\n'.format(
+                    v.alias["length"]
+                )
+            )
+        elif v.alias["type"] in FORMAT_STRINGS:
+            write(
+                '    return format(s, "{}", *a);\n'.format(
+                    FORMAT_STRINGS[v.alias["type"]]
+                )
+            )
         else:
-            write('    return format(s, "{} (print not implemented)");\n'
-                  .format(k))
+            write('    return format(s, "{} (print not implemented)");\n'.format(k))
 
     @staticmethod
     def print_enum(o, stream):
-        '''Pretty print API enum'''
+        """Pretty print API enum"""
         write = stream.write
         write("    switch(*a) {\n")
         for b in o:
             write("    case %s:\n" % b[1])
             write('        return format(s, "{}");\n'.format(b[0]))
-        write('    }\n')
+        write("    }\n")
 
-    _dispatch['Enum'] = print_enum
-    _dispatch['EnumFlag'] = print_enum
+    _dispatch["Enum"] = print_enum
+    _dispatch["EnumFlag"] = print_enum
 
     def print_obj(self, o, stream):
-        '''Entry point'''
+        """Entry point"""
         write = stream.write
 
         if o.type in self._dispatch:
             self._dispatch[o.type](self, o, stream)
         else:
-            write('    s = format(s, "\\n{} {} {} (print not implemented");\n'
-                  .format(o.type, o.fieldtype, o.fieldname))
+            write(
+                '    s = format(s, "\\n{} {} {} (print not implemented");\n'.format(
+                    o.type, o.fieldtype, o.fieldname
+                )
+            )
 
 
 def printfun(objs, stream, modulename):
-    '''Main entry point for pretty print function generation'''
+    """Main entry point for pretty print function generation"""
     write = stream.write
 
-    h = '''\
+    h = """\
 /****** Print functions *****/
 #ifdef vl_printfun
 #ifndef included_{module}_printfun
@@ -940,15 +1025,15 @@ def printfun(objs, stream, modulename):
 #include "{module}.api_tojson.h"
 #include "{module}.api_fromjson.h"
 
-'''
+"""
 
-    signature = '''\
+    signature = """\
 static inline void *vl_api_{name}_t_print{suffix} (vl_api_{name}_t *a, void *handle)
 {{
     u8 *s = 0;
     u32 indent __attribute__((unused)) = 2;
     int i __attribute__((unused));
-'''
+"""
 
     h = h.format(module=modulename)
     write(h)
@@ -958,171 +1043,172 @@ static inline void *vl_api_{name}_t_print{suffix} (vl_api_{name}_t *a, void *han
         if t.manual_print:
             write("/***** manual: vl_api_%s_t_print  *****/\n\n" % t.name)
             continue
-        write(signature.format(name=t.name, suffix=''))
-        write('    /* Message definition: vl_api_{}_t: */\n'.format(t.name))
-        write("    s = format(s, \"vl_api_%s_t:\");\n" % t.name)
+        write(signature.format(name=t.name, suffix=""))
+        write("    /* Message definition: vl_api_{}_t: */\n".format(t.name))
+        write('    s = format(s, "vl_api_%s_t:");\n' % t.name)
         for o in t.block:
             pp.print_obj(o, stream)
-        write('    vec_add1(s, 0);\n')
-        write('    vl_print (handle, (char *)s);\n')
-        write('    vec_free (s);\n')
-        write('    return handle;\n')
-        write('}\n\n')
+        write("    vec_add1(s, 0);\n")
+        write("    vl_print (handle, (char *)s);\n")
+        write("    vec_free (s);\n")
+        write("    return handle;\n")
+        write("}\n\n")
 
-        write(signature.format(name=t.name, suffix='_json'))
-        write('    cJSON * o = vl_api_{}_t_tojson(a);\n'.format(t.name))
-        write('    (void)s;\n')
-        write('    char *out = cJSON_Print(o);\n')
-        write('    vl_print(handle, out);\n')
-        write('    cJSON_Delete(o);\n')
-        write('    cJSON_free(out);\n')
-        write('    return handle;\n')
-        write('}\n\n')
+        write(signature.format(name=t.name, suffix="_json"))
+        write("    cJSON * o = vl_api_{}_t_tojson(a);\n".format(t.name))
+        write("    (void)s;\n")
+        write("    char *out = cJSON_Print(o);\n")
+        write("    vl_print(handle, out);\n")
+        write("    cJSON_Delete(o);\n")
+        write("    cJSON_free(out);\n")
+        write("    return handle;\n")
+        write("}\n\n")
 
     write("\n#endif")
     write("\n#endif /* vl_printfun */\n")
 
-    return ''
+    return ""
 
 
 def printfun_types(objs, stream, modulename):
-    '''Pretty print API types'''
+    """Pretty print API types"""
     write = stream.write
     pp = Printfun(stream)
 
-    h = '''\
+    h = """\
 /****** Print functions *****/
 #ifdef vl_printfun
 #ifndef included_{module}_printfun_types
 #define included_{module}_printfun_types
 
-'''
+"""
     h = h.format(module=modulename)
     write(h)
 
-    signature = '''\
+    signature = """\
 static inline u8 *format_vl_api_{name}_t (u8 *s, va_list * args)
 {{
     vl_api_{name}_t *a = va_arg (*args, vl_api_{name}_t *);
     u32 indent __attribute__((unused)) = va_arg (*args, u32);
     int i __attribute__((unused));
     indent += 2;
-'''
+"""
 
     for t in objs:
-        if t.__class__.__name__ == 'Enum' or t.__class__.__name__ == 'EnumFlag':
+        if t.__class__.__name__ == "Enum" or t.__class__.__name__ == "EnumFlag":
             write(signature.format(name=t.name))
             pp.print_enum(t.block, stream)
-            write('    return s;\n')
-            write('}\n\n')
+            write("    return s;\n")
+            write("}\n\n")
             continue
 
         if t.manual_print:
             write("/***** manual: vl_api_%s_t_print  *****/\n\n" % t.name)
             continue
 
-        if t.__class__.__name__ == 'Using':
+        if t.__class__.__name__ == "Using":
             write(signature.format(name=t.name))
             pp.print_alias(t.name, t, stream)
-            write('}\n\n')
+            write("}\n\n")
             continue
 
         write(signature.format(name=t.name))
         for o in t.block:
             pp.print_obj(o, stream)
 
-        write('    return s;\n')
-        write('}\n\n')
+        write("    return s;\n")
+        write("}\n\n")
 
     write("\n#endif")
     write("\n#endif /* vl_printfun_types */\n")
 
 
 def generate_imports(imports):
-    '''Add #include matching the API import statements'''
-    output = '/* Imported API files */\n'
-    output += '#ifndef vl_api_version\n'
+    """Add #include matching the API import statements"""
+    output = "/* Imported API files */\n"
+    output += "#ifndef vl_api_version\n"
 
     for i in imports:
-        s = i.filename.replace('plugins/', '')
-        output += '#include <{}.h>\n'.format(s)
-    output += '#endif\n'
+        s = i.filename.replace("plugins/", "")
+        output += "#include <{}.h>\n".format(s)
+    output += "#endif\n"
     return output
 
 
 ENDIAN_STRINGS = {
-    'u16': 'clib_net_to_host_u16',
-    'u32': 'clib_net_to_host_u32',
-    'u64': 'clib_net_to_host_u64',
-    'i16': 'clib_net_to_host_i16',
-    'i32': 'clib_net_to_host_i32',
-    'i64': 'clib_net_to_host_i64',
-    'f64': 'clib_net_to_host_f64',
+    "u16": "clib_net_to_host_u16",
+    "u32": "clib_net_to_host_u32",
+    "u64": "clib_net_to_host_u64",
+    "i16": "clib_net_to_host_i16",
+    "i32": "clib_net_to_host_i32",
+    "i64": "clib_net_to_host_i64",
+    "f64": "clib_net_to_host_f64",
 }
 
 
 def endianfun_array(o):
-    '''Generate endian functions for arrays'''
-    forloop = '''\
+    """Generate endian functions for arrays"""
+    forloop = """\
     for (i = 0; i < {length}; i++) {{
         a->{name}[i] = {format}(a->{name}[i]);
     }}
-'''
+"""
 
-    forloop_format = '''\
+    forloop_format = """\
     for (i = 0; i < {length}; i++) {{
         {type}_endian(&a->{name}[i]);
     }}
-'''
+"""
 
-    output = ''
-    if o.fieldtype == 'u8' or o.fieldtype == 'string' or o.fieldtype == 'bool':
-        output += '    /* a->{n} = a->{n} (no-op) */\n'.format(n=o.fieldname)
+    output = ""
+    if o.fieldtype == "u8" or o.fieldtype == "string" or o.fieldtype == "bool":
+        output += "    /* a->{n} = a->{n} (no-op) */\n".format(n=o.fieldname)
     else:
-        lfield = 'a->' + o.lengthfield if o.lengthfield else o.length
+        lfield = "a->" + o.lengthfield if o.lengthfield else o.length
         if o.fieldtype in ENDIAN_STRINGS:
-            output += (forloop
-                       .format(length=lfield,
-                               format=ENDIAN_STRINGS[o.fieldtype],
-                               name=o.fieldname))
+            output += forloop.format(
+                length=lfield, format=ENDIAN_STRINGS[o.fieldtype], name=o.fieldname
+            )
         else:
-            output += (forloop_format
-                       .format(length=lfield, type=o.fieldtype,
-                               name=o.fieldname))
+            output += forloop_format.format(
+                length=lfield, type=o.fieldtype, name=o.fieldname
+            )
     return output
 
 
-NO_ENDIAN_CONVERSION = {'client_index': None}
+NO_ENDIAN_CONVERSION = {"client_index": None}
 
 
 def endianfun_obj(o):
-    '''Generate endian conversion function for type'''
-    output = ''
-    if o.type == 'Array':
+    """Generate endian conversion function for type"""
+    output = ""
+    if o.type == "Array":
         return endianfun_array(o)
-    if o.type != 'Field':
-        output += ('    s = format(s, "\\n{} {} {} (print not implemented");\n'
-                   .format(o.type, o.fieldtype, o.fieldname))
+    if o.type != "Field":
+        output += '    s = format(s, "\\n{} {} {} (print not implemented");\n'.format(
+            o.type, o.fieldtype, o.fieldname
+        )
         return output
     if o.fieldname in NO_ENDIAN_CONVERSION:
-        output += '    /* a->{n} = a->{n} (no-op) */\n'.format(n=o.fieldname)
+        output += "    /* a->{n} = a->{n} (no-op) */\n".format(n=o.fieldname)
         return output
     if o.fieldtype in ENDIAN_STRINGS:
-        output += ('    a->{name} = {format}(a->{name});\n'
-                   .format(name=o.fieldname,
-                           format=ENDIAN_STRINGS[o.fieldtype]))
-    elif o.fieldtype.startswith('vl_api_'):
-        output += ('    {type}_endian(&a->{name});\n'
-                   .format(type=o.fieldtype, name=o.fieldname))
+        output += "    a->{name} = {format}(a->{name});\n".format(
+            name=o.fieldname, format=ENDIAN_STRINGS[o.fieldtype]
+        )
+    elif o.fieldtype.startswith("vl_api_"):
+        output += "    {type}_endian(&a->{name});\n".format(
+            type=o.fieldtype, name=o.fieldname
+        )
     else:
-        output += '    /* a->{n} = a->{n} (no-op) */\n'.format(n=o.fieldname)
+        output += "    /* a->{n} = a->{n} (no-op) */\n".format(n=o.fieldname)
 
     return output
 
 
 def endianfun(objs, modulename):
-    '''Main entry point for endian function generation'''
-    output = '''\
+    """Main entry point for endian function generation"""
+    output = """\
 
 /****** Endian swap functions *****/\n\
 #ifdef vl_endianfun
@@ -1136,51 +1222,50 @@ def endianfun(objs, modulename):
 #define clib_net_to_host_uword clib_net_to_host_u32
 #endif
 
-'''
+"""
     output = output.format(module=modulename)
 
-    signature = '''\
+    signature = """\
 static inline void vl_api_{name}_t_endian (vl_api_{name}_t *a)
 {{
     int i __attribute__((unused));
-'''
+"""
 
     for t in objs:
-        if t.__class__.__name__ == 'Enum' or t.__class__.__name__ == 'EnumFlag':
+        if t.__class__.__name__ == "Enum" or t.__class__.__name__ == "EnumFlag":
             output += signature.format(name=t.name)
             if t.enumtype in ENDIAN_STRINGS:
-                output += ('    *a = {}(*a);\n'
-                           .format(ENDIAN_STRINGS[t.enumtype]))
+                output += "    *a = {}(*a);\n".format(ENDIAN_STRINGS[t.enumtype])
             else:
-                output += ('    /* a->{name} = a->{name} (no-op) */\n'
-                           .format(name=t.name))
+                output += "    /* a->{name} = a->{name} (no-op) */\n".format(
+                    name=t.name
+                )
 
-            output += '}\n\n'
+            output += "}\n\n"
             continue
 
         if t.manual_endian:
             output += "/***** manual: vl_api_%s_t_endian  *****/\n\n" % t.name
             continue
 
-        if t.__class__.__name__ == 'Using':
+        if t.__class__.__name__ == "Using":
             output += signature.format(name=t.name)
-            if ('length' in t.alias and t.alias['length'] and
-                    t.alias['type'] == 'u8'):
-                output += ('    /* a->{name} = a->{name} (no-op) */\n'
-                           .format(name=t.name))
-            elif t.alias['type'] in FORMAT_STRINGS:
-                output += ('    *a = {}(*a);\n'
-                           .format(ENDIAN_STRINGS[t.alias['type']]))
+            if "length" in t.alias and t.alias["length"] and t.alias["type"] == "u8":
+                output += "    /* a->{name} = a->{name} (no-op) */\n".format(
+                    name=t.name
+                )
+            elif t.alias["type"] in FORMAT_STRINGS:
+                output += "    *a = {}(*a);\n".format(ENDIAN_STRINGS[t.alias["type"]])
             else:
-                output += '    /* Not Implemented yet {} */'.format(t.name)
-            output += '}\n\n'
+                output += "    /* Not Implemented yet {} */".format(t.name)
+            output += "}\n\n"
             continue
 
         output += signature.format(name=t.name)
 
         for o in t.block:
             output += endianfun_obj(o)
-        output += '}\n\n'
+        output += "}\n\n"
 
     output += "\n#endif"
     output += "\n#endif /* vl_endianfun */\n\n"
@@ -1189,32 +1274,32 @@ static inline void vl_api_{name}_t_endian (vl_api_{name}_t *a)
 
 
 def calc_size_fun(objs, modulename):
-    '''Main entry point for calculate size function generation'''
-    output = '''\
+    """Main entry point for calculate size function generation"""
+    output = """\
 
 /****** Calculate size functions *****/\n\
 #ifdef vl_calcsizefun
 #ifndef included_{module}_calcsizefun
 #define included_{module}_calcsizefun
 
-'''
+"""
     output = output.format(module=modulename)
 
-    signature = '''\
+    signature = """\
 /* calculate message size of message in network byte order */
 static inline uword vl_api_{name}_t_calc_size (vl_api_{name}_t *a)
 {{
-'''
+"""
 
     for o in objs:
         tname = o.__class__.__name__
 
         output += signature.format(name=o.name)
         output += f"      return sizeof(*a)"
-        if tname == 'Using':
-            if 'length' in o.alias:
+        if tname == "Using":
+            if "length" in o.alias:
                 try:
-                    tmp = int(o.alias['length'])
+                    tmp = int(o.alias["length"])
                     if tmp == 0:
                         raise (f"Unexpected length '0' for alias {o}")
                 except:
@@ -1224,36 +1309,44 @@ static inline uword vl_api_{name}_t_calc_size (vl_api_{name}_t *a)
                     print(dir(o.alias))
                     print(o.alias)
                     raise
-        elif tname == 'Enum' or tname == 'EnumFlag':
+        elif tname == "Enum" or tname == "EnumFlag":
             pass
         else:
             for b in o.block:
-                if b.type == 'Option':
+                if b.type == "Option":
                     continue
-                elif b.type == 'Field':
-                    if b.fieldtype.startswith('vl_api_'):
+                elif b.type == "Field":
+                    if b.fieldtype.startswith("vl_api_"):
                         output += f" - sizeof(a->{b.fieldname})"
                         output += f" + {b.fieldtype}_calc_size(&a->{b.fieldname})"
-                elif b.type == 'Array':
+                elif b.type == "Array":
                     if b.lengthfield:
-                        m = list(filter(lambda x: x.fieldname == b.lengthfield, o.block))
+                        m = list(
+                            filter(lambda x: x.fieldname == b.lengthfield, o.block)
+                        )
                         if len(m) != 1:
-                            raise Exception(f"Expected 1 match for field '{b.lengthfield}', got '{m}'")
+                            raise Exception(
+                                f"Expected 1 match for field '{b.lengthfield}', got '{m}'"
+                            )
                         lf = m[0]
                         if lf.fieldtype in ENDIAN_STRINGS:
                             output += f" + {ENDIAN_STRINGS[lf.fieldtype]}(a->{b.lengthfield}) * sizeof(a->{b.fieldname}[0])"
                         elif lf.fieldtype == "u8":
-                            output += f" + a->{b.lengthfield} * sizeof(a->{b.fieldname}[0])"
+                            output += (
+                                f" + a->{b.lengthfield} * sizeof(a->{b.fieldname}[0])"
+                            )
                         else:
-                            raise Exception(f"Don't know how to endian swap {lf.fieldtype}")
+                            raise Exception(
+                                f"Don't know how to endian swap {lf.fieldtype}"
+                            )
                     else:
                         # Fixed length strings decay to nul terminated u8
-                        if b.fieldtype == 'string':
+                        if b.fieldtype == "string":
                             if b.modern_vla:
                                 output += f" + vl_api_string_len(&a->{b.fieldname})"
 
         output += ";\n"
-        output += '}\n\n'
+        output += "}\n\n"
     output += "\n#endif"
     output += "\n#endif /* vl_calcsizefun */\n\n"
 
@@ -1261,18 +1354,22 @@ static inline uword vl_api_{name}_t_calc_size (vl_api_{name}_t *a)
 
 
 def version_tuple(s, module):
-    '''Generate semantic version string'''
-    output = '''\
+    """Generate semantic version string"""
+    output = """\
 /****** Version tuple *****/
 
 #ifdef vl_api_version_tuple
 
-'''
-    if 'version' in s['Option']:
-        v = s['Option']['version']
-        (major, minor, patch) = v.split('.')
-        output += "vl_api_version_tuple(%s, %s, %s, %s)\n" % \
-                  (module, major, minor, patch)
+"""
+    if "version" in s["Option"]:
+        v = s["Option"]["version"]
+        (major, minor, patch) = v.split(".")
+        output += "vl_api_version_tuple(%s, %s, %s, %s)\n" % (
+            module,
+            major,
+            minor,
+            patch,
+        )
 
     output += "\n#endif /* vl_api_version_tuple */\n\n"
 
@@ -1280,131 +1377,145 @@ def version_tuple(s, module):
 
 
 def generate_include_enum(s, module, stream):
-    '''Generate .api_enum.h'''
+    """Generate .api_enum.h"""
     write = stream.write
 
-    if 'Define' in s:
-        write('typedef enum {\n')
-        for t in s['Define']:
-            write('   VL_API_{},\n'.format(t.name.upper()))
-        write('   VL_MSG_{}_LAST\n'.format(module.upper()))
-        write('}} vl_api_{}_enum_t;\n'.format(module))
+    if "Define" in s:
+        write("typedef enum {\n")
+        for t in s["Define"]:
+            write("   VL_API_{},\n".format(t.name.upper()))
+        write("   VL_MSG_{}_LAST\n".format(module.upper()))
+        write("}} vl_api_{}_enum_t;\n".format(module))
 
 
 def generate_include_counters(s, stream):
-    '''Include file for the counter data model types.'''
+    """Include file for the counter data model types."""
     write = stream.write
 
     for counters in s:
         csetname = counters.name
-        write('typedef enum {\n')
+        write("typedef enum {\n")
         for c in counters.block:
-            write('   {}_ERROR_{},\n'
-                  .format(csetname.upper(), c['name'].upper()))
-        write('   {}_N_ERROR\n'.format(csetname.upper()))
-        write('}} vl_counter_{}_enum_t;\n'.format(csetname))
+            write("   {}_ERROR_{},\n".format(csetname.upper(), c["name"].upper()))
+        write("   {}_N_ERROR\n".format(csetname.upper()))
+        write("}} vl_counter_{}_enum_t;\n".format(csetname))
 
-        write('extern vlib_error_desc_t {}_error_counters[];\n'.format(csetname))
+        write("extern vlib_error_desc_t {}_error_counters[];\n".format(csetname))
 
 
 def generate_include_types(s, module, stream):
-    '''Generate separate API _types file.'''
+    """Generate separate API _types file."""
     write = stream.write
 
-    write('#ifndef included_{module}_api_types_h\n'.format(module=module))
-    write('#define included_{module}_api_types_h\n'.format(module=module))
+    write("#ifndef included_{module}_api_types_h\n".format(module=module))
+    write("#define included_{module}_api_types_h\n".format(module=module))
 
-    if 'version' in s['Option']:
-        v = s['Option']['version']
-        (major, minor, patch) = v.split('.')
-        write('#define VL_API_{m}_API_VERSION_MAJOR {v}\n'
-              .format(m=module.upper(), v=major))
-        write('#define VL_API_{m}_API_VERSION_MINOR {v}\n'
-              .format(m=module.upper(), v=minor))
-        write('#define VL_API_{m}_API_VERSION_PATCH {v}\n'
-              .format(m=module.upper(), v=patch))
+    if "version" in s["Option"]:
+        v = s["Option"]["version"]
+        (major, minor, patch) = v.split(".")
+        write(
+            "#define VL_API_{m}_API_VERSION_MAJOR {v}\n".format(
+                m=module.upper(), v=major
+            )
+        )
+        write(
+            "#define VL_API_{m}_API_VERSION_MINOR {v}\n".format(
+                m=module.upper(), v=minor
+            )
+        )
+        write(
+            "#define VL_API_{m}_API_VERSION_PATCH {v}\n".format(
+                m=module.upper(), v=patch
+            )
+        )
 
-    if 'Import' in s:
-        write('/* Imported API files */\n')
-        for i in s['Import']:
-            filename = i.filename.replace('plugins/', '')
-            write('#include <{}_types.h>\n'.format(filename))
+    if "Import" in s:
+        write("/* Imported API files */\n")
+        for i in s["Import"]:
+            filename = i.filename.replace("plugins/", "")
+            write("#include <{}_types.h>\n".format(filename))
 
-    for o in itertools.chain(s['types'], s['Define']):
+    for o in itertools.chain(s["types"], s["Define"]):
         tname = o.__class__.__name__
-        if tname == 'Using':
-            if 'length' in o.alias:
-                write('typedef %s vl_api_%s_t[%s];\n' %
-                      (o.alias['type'], o.name, o.alias['length']))
+        if tname == "Using":
+            if "length" in o.alias:
+                write(
+                    "typedef %s vl_api_%s_t[%s];\n"
+                    % (o.alias["type"], o.name, o.alias["length"])
+                )
             else:
-                write('typedef %s vl_api_%s_t;\n' % (o.alias['type'], o.name))
-        elif tname == 'Enum' or tname == 'EnumFlag':
-            if o.enumtype == 'u32':
+                write("typedef %s vl_api_%s_t;\n" % (o.alias["type"], o.name))
+        elif tname == "Enum" or tname == "EnumFlag":
+            if o.enumtype == "u32":
                 write("typedef enum {\n")
             else:
                 write("typedef enum __attribute__((packed)) {\n")
 
             for b in o.block:
                 write("    %s = %s,\n" % (b[0], b[1]))
-            write('} vl_api_%s_t;\n' % o.name)
-            if o.enumtype != 'u32':
-                size1 = 'sizeof(vl_api_%s_t)' % o.name
-                size2 = 'sizeof(%s)' % o.enumtype
-                err_str = 'size of API enum %s is wrong' % o.name
-                write('STATIC_ASSERT(%s == %s, "%s");\n'
-                      % (size1, size2, err_str))
+            write("} vl_api_%s_t;\n" % o.name)
+            if o.enumtype != "u32":
+                size1 = "sizeof(vl_api_%s_t)" % o.name
+                size2 = "sizeof(%s)" % o.enumtype
+                err_str = "size of API enum %s is wrong" % o.name
+                write('STATIC_ASSERT(%s == %s, "%s");\n' % (size1, size2, err_str))
         else:
-            if tname == 'Union':
-                write("typedef union __attribute__ ((packed)) _vl_api_%s {\n"
-                      % o.name)
+            if tname == "Union":
+                write("typedef union __attribute__ ((packed)) _vl_api_%s {\n" % o.name)
             else:
-                write(("typedef struct __attribute__ ((packed)) _vl_api_%s {\n")
-                      % o.name)
+                write(
+                    ("typedef struct __attribute__ ((packed)) _vl_api_%s {\n") % o.name
+                )
             for b in o.block:
-                if b.type == 'Option':
+                if b.type == "Option":
                     continue
-                if b.type == 'Field':
-                    write("    %s %s;\n" % (api2c(b.fieldtype),
-                                            b.fieldname))
-                elif b.type == 'Array':
+                if b.type == "Field":
+                    write("    %s %s;\n" % (api2c(b.fieldtype), b.fieldname))
+                elif b.type == "Array":
                     if b.lengthfield:
-                        write("    %s %s[0];\n" % (api2c(b.fieldtype),
-                                                   b.fieldname))
+                        write("    %s %s[0];\n" % (api2c(b.fieldtype), b.fieldname))
                     else:
                         # Fixed length strings decay to nul terminated u8
-                        if b.fieldtype == 'string':
+                        if b.fieldtype == "string":
                             if b.modern_vla:
-                                write('    {} {};\n'
-                                      .format(api2c(b.fieldtype),
-                                              b.fieldname))
+                                write(
+                                    "    {} {};\n".format(
+                                        api2c(b.fieldtype), b.fieldname
+                                    )
+                                )
                             else:
-                                write('    u8 {}[{}];\n'
-                                      .format(b.fieldname, b.length))
+                                write("    u8 {}[{}];\n".format(b.fieldname, b.length))
                         else:
-                            write("    %s %s[%s];\n" %
-                                  (api2c(b.fieldtype), b.fieldname,
-                                   b.length))
+                            write(
+                                "    %s %s[%s];\n"
+                                % (api2c(b.fieldtype), b.fieldname, b.length)
+                            )
                 else:
-                    raise ValueError("Error in processing type {} for {}"
-                                     .format(b, o.name))
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        "Error in processing type {} for {}".format(b, o.name)
+                    )
 
-            write('} vl_api_%s_t;\n' % o.name)
-            write(f'#define VL_API_{o.name.upper()}_IS_CONSTANT_SIZE ({0 if o.vla else 1})\n\n')
+            write("} vl_api_%s_t;\n" % o.name)
+            write(
+                f"#define VL_API_{o.name.upper()}_IS_CONSTANT_SIZE ({0 if o.vla else 1})\n\n"
+            )
 
-    for t in s['Define']:
-        write('#define VL_API_{ID}_CRC "{n}_{crc:08x}"\n'
-              .format(n=t.name, ID=t.name.upper(), crc=t.crc))
+    for t in s["Define"]:
+        write(
+            '#define VL_API_{ID}_CRC "{n}_{crc:08x}"\n'.format(
+                n=t.name, ID=t.name.upper(), crc=t.crc
+            )
+        )
 
     write("\n#endif\n")
 
 
-def generate_c_boilerplate(services, defines, counters, file_crc,
-                           module, stream):
-    '''VPP side plugin.'''
+def generate_c_boilerplate(services, defines, counters, file_crc, module, stream):
+    """VPP side plugin."""
     write = stream.write
     define_hash = {d.name: d for d in defines}
 
-    hdr = '''\
+    hdr = """\
 #define vl_endianfun		/* define message structures */
 #include "{module}.api.h"
 #undef vl_endianfun
@@ -1419,89 +1530,98 @@ def generate_c_boilerplate(services, defines, counters, file_crc,
 #include "{module}.api.h"
 #undef vl_printfun
 
-'''
+"""
 
     write(hdr.format(module=module))
-    write('static u16\n')
-    write('setup_message_id_table (void) {\n')
-    write('   api_main_t *am = my_api_main;\n')
-    write('   vl_msg_api_msg_config_t c;\n')
-    write('   u16 msg_id_base = vl_msg_api_get_msg_ids ("{}_{crc:08x}", '
-          'VL_MSG_{m}_LAST);\n'
-          .format(module, crc=file_crc, m=module.upper()))
+    write("static u16\n")
+    write("setup_message_id_table (void) {\n")
+    write("   api_main_t *am = my_api_main;\n")
+    write("   vl_msg_api_msg_config_t c;\n")
+    write(
+        '   u16 msg_id_base = vl_msg_api_get_msg_ids ("{}_{crc:08x}", '
+        "VL_MSG_{m}_LAST);\n".format(module, crc=file_crc, m=module.upper())
+    )
 
     for d in defines:
-        write('   vl_msg_api_add_msg_name_crc (am, "{n}_{crc:08x}",\n'
-              '                                VL_API_{ID} + msg_id_base);\n'
-              .format(n=d.name, ID=d.name.upper(), crc=d.crc))
+        write(
+            '   vl_msg_api_add_msg_name_crc (am, "{n}_{crc:08x}",\n'
+            "                                VL_API_{ID} + msg_id_base);\n".format(
+                n=d.name, ID=d.name.upper(), crc=d.crc
+            )
+        )
     for s in services:
         d = define_hash[s.caller]
-        write('   c = (vl_msg_api_msg_config_t) '
-              ' {{.id = VL_API_{ID} + msg_id_base,\n'
-              '   .name = "{n}",\n'
-              '   .handler = vl_api_{n}_t_handler,\n'
-              '   .cleanup = vl_noop_handler,\n'
-              '   .endian = vl_api_{n}_t_endian,\n'
-              '   .print = vl_api_{n}_t_print,\n'
-              '   .traced = 1,\n'
-              '   .replay = 1,\n'
-              '   .print_json = vl_api_{n}_t_print_json,\n'
-              '   .tojson = vl_api_{n}_t_tojson,\n'
-              '   .fromjson = vl_api_{n}_t_fromjson,\n'
-              '   .calc_size = vl_api_{n}_t_calc_size,\n'
-              '   .is_autoendian = {auto}}};\n'
-              .format(n=s.caller, ID=s.caller.upper(),
-                      auto=d.autoendian))
-        write('   vl_msg_api_config (&c);\n')
+        write(
+            "   c = (vl_msg_api_msg_config_t) "
+            " {{.id = VL_API_{ID} + msg_id_base,\n"
+            '   .name = "{n}",\n'
+            "   .handler = vl_api_{n}_t_handler,\n"
+            "   .cleanup = vl_noop_handler,\n"
+            "   .endian = vl_api_{n}_t_endian,\n"
+            "   .print = vl_api_{n}_t_print,\n"
+            "   .traced = 1,\n"
+            "   .replay = 1,\n"
+            "   .print_json = vl_api_{n}_t_print_json,\n"
+            "   .tojson = vl_api_{n}_t_tojson,\n"
+            "   .fromjson = vl_api_{n}_t_fromjson,\n"
+            "   .calc_size = vl_api_{n}_t_calc_size,\n"
+            "   .is_autoendian = {auto}}};\n".format(
+                n=s.caller, ID=s.caller.upper(), auto=d.autoendian
+            )
+        )
+        write("   vl_msg_api_config (&c);\n")
         try:
             d = define_hash[s.reply]
-            write('   c = (vl_msg_api_msg_config_t) '
-                  '{{.id = VL_API_{ID} + msg_id_base,\n'
-                  '  .name = "{n}",\n'
-                  '  .handler = 0,\n'
-                  '  .cleanup = vl_noop_handler,\n'
-                  '  .endian = vl_api_{n}_t_endian,\n'
-                  '  .print = vl_api_{n}_t_print,\n'
-                  '  .traced = 1,\n'
-                  '  .replay = 1,\n'
-                  '  .print_json = vl_api_{n}_t_print_json,\n'
-                  '  .tojson = vl_api_{n}_t_tojson,\n'
-                  '  .fromjson = vl_api_{n}_t_fromjson,\n'
-                  '  .calc_size = vl_api_{n}_t_calc_size,\n'
-                  '  .is_autoendian = {auto}}};\n'
-                  .format(n=s.reply, ID=s.reply.upper(),
-                          auto=d.autoendian))
-            write('   vl_msg_api_config (&c);\n')
+            write(
+                "   c = (vl_msg_api_msg_config_t) "
+                "{{.id = VL_API_{ID} + msg_id_base,\n"
+                '  .name = "{n}",\n'
+                "  .handler = 0,\n"
+                "  .cleanup = vl_noop_handler,\n"
+                "  .endian = vl_api_{n}_t_endian,\n"
+                "  .print = vl_api_{n}_t_print,\n"
+                "  .traced = 1,\n"
+                "  .replay = 1,\n"
+                "  .print_json = vl_api_{n}_t_print_json,\n"
+                "  .tojson = vl_api_{n}_t_tojson,\n"
+                "  .fromjson = vl_api_{n}_t_fromjson,\n"
+                "  .calc_size = vl_api_{n}_t_calc_size,\n"
+                "  .is_autoendian = {auto}}};\n".format(
+                    n=s.reply, ID=s.reply.upper(), auto=d.autoendian
+                )
+            )
+            write("   vl_msg_api_config (&c);\n")
         except KeyError:
             pass
 
-    write('   return msg_id_base;\n')
-    write('}\n')
+    write("   return msg_id_base;\n")
+    write("}\n")
 
-    severity = {'error': 'VL_COUNTER_SEVERITY_ERROR',
-                'info': 'VL_COUNTER_SEVERITY_INFO',
-                'warn': 'VL_COUNTER_SEVERITY_WARN'}
+    severity = {
+        "error": "VL_COUNTER_SEVERITY_ERROR",
+        "info": "VL_COUNTER_SEVERITY_INFO",
+        "warn": "VL_COUNTER_SEVERITY_WARN",
+    }
 
     for cnt in counters:
         csetname = cnt.name
-        write('vlib_error_desc_t {}_error_counters[] = {{\n'.format(csetname))
+        write("vlib_error_desc_t {}_error_counters[] = {{\n".format(csetname))
         for c in cnt.block:
-            write('  {\n')
-            write('   .name = "{}",\n'.format(c['name']))
-            write('   .desc = "{}",\n'.format(c['description']))
-            write('   .severity = {},\n'.format(severity[c['severity']]))
-            write('  },\n')
-        write('};\n')
+            write("  {\n")
+            write('   .name = "{}",\n'.format(c["name"]))
+            write('   .desc = "{}",\n'.format(c["description"]))
+            write("   .severity = {},\n".format(severity[c["severity"]]))
+            write("  },\n")
+        write("};\n")
 
 
-def generate_c_test_boilerplate(services, defines, file_crc, module, plugin,
-                                stream):
-    '''Generate code for legacy style VAT. To be deleted.'''
+def generate_c_test_boilerplate(services, defines, file_crc, module, plugin, stream):
+    """Generate code for legacy style VAT. To be deleted."""
     write = stream.write
 
     define_hash = {d.name: d for d in defines}
 
-    hdr = '''\
+    hdr = """\
 #define vl_endianfun            /* define message structures */
 #include "{module}.api.h"
 #undef vl_endianfun
@@ -1516,7 +1636,7 @@ def generate_c_test_boilerplate(services, defines, file_crc, module, plugin,
 #include "{module}.api.h"
 #undef vl_printfun
 
-'''
+"""
 
     write(hdr.format(module=module))
     for s in services:
@@ -1525,113 +1645,133 @@ def generate_c_test_boilerplate(services, defines, file_crc, module, plugin,
         except KeyError:
             continue
         if d.manual_print:
-            write('/*\n'
-                  ' * Manual definition requested for: \n'
-                  ' * vl_api_{n}_t_handler()\n'
-                  ' */\n'
-                  .format(n=s.reply))
+            write(
+                "/*\n"
+                " * Manual definition requested for: \n"
+                " * vl_api_{n}_t_handler()\n"
+                " */\n".format(n=s.reply)
+            )
             continue
         if not define_hash[s.caller].autoreply:
-            write('/* Generation not supported (vl_api_{n}_t_handler()) */\n'
-                  .format(n=s.reply))
+            write(
+                "/* Generation not supported (vl_api_{n}_t_handler()) */\n".format(
+                    n=s.reply
+                )
+            )
             continue
-        write('#ifndef VL_API_{n}_T_HANDLER\n'.format(n=s.reply.upper()))
-        write('static void\n')
-        write('vl_api_{n}_t_handler (vl_api_{n}_t * mp) {{\n'
-              .format(n=s.reply))
-        write('   vat_main_t * vam = {}_test_main.vat_main;\n'.format(module))
-        write('   i32 retval = ntohl(mp->retval);\n')
-        write('   if (vam->async_mode) {\n')
-        write('      vam->async_errors += (retval < 0);\n')
-        write('   } else {\n')
-        write('      vam->retval = retval;\n')
-        write('      vam->result_ready = 1;\n')
-        write('   }\n')
-        write('}\n')
-        write('#endif\n')
+        write("#ifndef VL_API_{n}_T_HANDLER\n".format(n=s.reply.upper()))
+        write("static void\n")
+        write("vl_api_{n}_t_handler (vl_api_{n}_t * mp) {{\n".format(n=s.reply))
+        write("   vat_main_t * vam = {}_test_main.vat_main;\n".format(module))
+        write("   i32 retval = ntohl(mp->retval);\n")
+        write("   if (vam->async_mode) {\n")
+        write("      vam->async_errors += (retval < 0);\n")
+        write("   } else {\n")
+        write("      vam->retval = retval;\n")
+        write("      vam->result_ready = 1;\n")
+        write("   }\n")
+        write("}\n")
+        write("#endif\n")
 
         for e in s.events:
             if define_hash[e].manual_print:
                 continue
-            write('static void\n')
-            write('vl_api_{n}_t_handler (vl_api_{n}_t * mp) {{\n'.format(n=e))
+            write("static void\n")
+            write("vl_api_{n}_t_handler (vl_api_{n}_t * mp) {{\n".format(n=e))
             write('    vl_print(0, "{n} event called:");\n'.format(n=e))
-            write('    vl_api_{n}_t_print(mp, 0);\n'.format(n=e))
-            write('}\n')
+            write("    vl_api_{n}_t_print(mp, 0);\n".format(n=e))
+            write("}\n")
 
-    write('static void\n')
-    write('setup_message_id_table (vat_main_t * vam, u16 msg_id_base) {\n')
+    write("static void\n")
+    write("setup_message_id_table (vat_main_t * vam, u16 msg_id_base) {\n")
     for s in services:
-        write('   vl_msg_api_set_handlers(VL_API_{ID} + msg_id_base, '
-              '                           "{n}",\n'
-              '                           vl_api_{n}_t_handler, '
-              '                           vl_noop_handler,\n'
-              '                           vl_api_{n}_t_endian, '
-              '                           vl_api_{n}_t_print,\n'
-              '                           sizeof(vl_api_{n}_t), 1,\n'
-              '                           vl_api_{n}_t_print_json,\n'
-              '                           vl_api_{n}_t_tojson,\n'
-              '                           vl_api_{n}_t_fromjson,\n'
-              '                           vl_api_{n}_t_calc_size);\n'
-              .format(n=s.reply, ID=s.reply.upper()))
-        write('   hash_set_mem (vam->function_by_name, "{n}", api_{n});\n'
-              .format(n=s.caller))
+        write(
+            "   vl_msg_api_set_handlers(VL_API_{ID} + msg_id_base, "
+            '                           "{n}",\n'
+            "                           vl_api_{n}_t_handler, "
+            "                           vl_noop_handler,\n"
+            "                           vl_api_{n}_t_endian, "
+            "                           vl_api_{n}_t_print,\n"
+            "                           sizeof(vl_api_{n}_t), 1,\n"
+            "                           vl_api_{n}_t_print_json,\n"
+            "                           vl_api_{n}_t_tojson,\n"
+            "                           vl_api_{n}_t_fromjson,\n"
+            "                           vl_api_{n}_t_calc_size);\n".format(
+                n=s.reply, ID=s.reply.upper()
+            )
+        )
+        write(
+            '   hash_set_mem (vam->function_by_name, "{n}", api_{n});\n'.format(
+                n=s.caller
+            )
+        )
         try:
-            write('   hash_set_mem (vam->help_by_name, "{n}", "{help}");\n'
-                  .format(n=s.caller,
-                          help=define_hash[s.caller].options['vat_help']))
+            write(
+                '   hash_set_mem (vam->help_by_name, "{n}", "{help}");\n'.format(
+                    n=s.caller, help=define_hash[s.caller].options["vat_help"]
+                )
+            )
         except KeyError:
             pass
 
         # Events
         for e in s.events:
-            write('   vl_msg_api_set_handlers(VL_API_{ID} + msg_id_base, '
-                  '                          "{n}",\n'
-                  '                           vl_api_{n}_t_handler, '
-                  '                           vl_noop_handler,\n'
-                  '                           vl_api_{n}_t_endian, '
-                  '                           vl_api_{n}_t_print,\n'
-                  '                           sizeof(vl_api_{n}_t), 1,\n'
-                  '                           vl_api_{n}_t_print_json,\n'
-                  '                           vl_api_{n}_t_tojson,\n'
-                  '                           vl_api_{n}_t_fromjson,\n'
-                  '                           vl_api_{n}_t_calc_size);\n'
-                  .format(n=e, ID=e.upper()))
+            write(
+                "   vl_msg_api_set_handlers(VL_API_{ID} + msg_id_base, "
+                '                          "{n}",\n'
+                "                           vl_api_{n}_t_handler, "
+                "                           vl_noop_handler,\n"
+                "                           vl_api_{n}_t_endian, "
+                "                           vl_api_{n}_t_print,\n"
+                "                           sizeof(vl_api_{n}_t), 1,\n"
+                "                           vl_api_{n}_t_print_json,\n"
+                "                           vl_api_{n}_t_tojson,\n"
+                "                           vl_api_{n}_t_fromjson,\n"
+                "                           vl_api_{n}_t_calc_size);\n".format(
+                    n=e, ID=e.upper()
+                )
+            )
 
-    write('}\n')
-    write('clib_error_t * vat_plugin_register (vat_main_t *vam)\n')
-    write('{\n')
-    write('   {n}_test_main_t * mainp = &{n}_test_main;\n'.format(n=module))
-    write('   mainp->vat_main = vam;\n')
-    write('   mainp->msg_id_base = vl_client_get_first_plugin_msg_id '
-          '                       ("{n}_{crc:08x}");\n'
-          .format(n=module, crc=file_crc))
-    write('   if (mainp->msg_id_base == (u16) ~0)\n')
-    write('      return clib_error_return (0, "{} plugin not loaded...");\n'
-          .format(module))
-    write('   setup_message_id_table (vam, mainp->msg_id_base);\n')
-    write('#ifdef VL_API_LOCAL_SETUP_MESSAGE_ID_TABLE\n')
-    write('    VL_API_LOCAL_SETUP_MESSAGE_ID_TABLE(vam);\n')
-    write('#endif\n')
-    write('   return 0;\n')
-    write('}\n')
+    write("}\n")
+    write("clib_error_t * vat_plugin_register (vat_main_t *vam)\n")
+    write("{\n")
+    write("   {n}_test_main_t * mainp = &{n}_test_main;\n".format(n=module))
+    write("   mainp->vat_main = vam;\n")
+    write(
+        "   mainp->msg_id_base = vl_client_get_first_plugin_msg_id "
+        '                       ("{n}_{crc:08x}");\n'.format(n=module, crc=file_crc)
+    )
+    write("   if (mainp->msg_id_base == (u16) ~0)\n")
+    write(
+        '      return clib_error_return (0, "{} plugin not loaded...");\n'.format(
+            module
+        )
+    )
+    write("   setup_message_id_table (vam, mainp->msg_id_base);\n")
+    write("#ifdef VL_API_LOCAL_SETUP_MESSAGE_ID_TABLE\n")
+    write("    VL_API_LOCAL_SETUP_MESSAGE_ID_TABLE(vam);\n")
+    write("#endif\n")
+    write("   return 0;\n")
+    write("}\n")
 
 
 def apifunc(func):
-    '''Check if a method is generated already.'''
+    """Check if a method is generated already."""
+
     def _f(module, d, processed, *args):
         if d.name in processed:
             return None
         processed[d.name] = True
         return func(module, d, *args)
+
     return _f
 
 
 def c_test_api_service(s, dump, stream):
-    '''Generate JSON code for a service.'''
+    """Generate JSON code for a service."""
     write = stream.write
 
-    req_reply_template = '''\
+    req_reply_template = """\
 static cJSON *
 api_{n} (cJSON *o)
 {{
@@ -1664,8 +1804,8 @@ api_{n} (cJSON *o)
   return vl_api_{r}_t_tojson(rmp);
 }}
 
-'''
-    dump_details_template = '''\
+"""
+    dump_details_template = """\
 static cJSON *
 api_{n} (cJSON *o)
 {{
@@ -1719,8 +1859,8 @@ api_{n} (cJSON *o)
   return reply;
 }}
 
-'''
-    gets_details_reply_template = '''\
+"""
+    gets_details_reply_template = """\
 static cJSON *
 api_{n} (cJSON *o)
 {{
@@ -1769,32 +1909,42 @@ api_{n} (cJSON *o)
   return reply;
 }}
 
-'''
+"""
 
     if dump:
         if s.stream_message:
-            write(gets_details_reply_template
-                  .format(n=s.caller, r=s.reply, N=s.caller.upper(),
-                          R=s.reply.upper(), d=s.stream_message,
-                          D=s.stream_message.upper()))
+            write(
+                gets_details_reply_template.format(
+                    n=s.caller,
+                    r=s.reply,
+                    N=s.caller.upper(),
+                    R=s.reply.upper(),
+                    d=s.stream_message,
+                    D=s.stream_message.upper(),
+                )
+            )
         else:
-            write(dump_details_template.format(n=s.caller, r=s.reply,
-                                               N=s.caller.upper(),
-                                               R=s.reply.upper()))
+            write(
+                dump_details_template.format(
+                    n=s.caller, r=s.reply, N=s.caller.upper(), R=s.reply.upper()
+                )
+            )
     else:
-        write(req_reply_template.format(n=s.caller, r=s.reply,
-                                        N=s.caller.upper(),
-                                        R=s.reply.upper()))
+        write(
+            req_reply_template.format(
+                n=s.caller, r=s.reply, N=s.caller.upper(), R=s.reply.upper()
+            )
+        )
 
 
 def generate_c_test2_boilerplate(services, defines, module, stream):
-    '''Generate code for VAT2 plugin.'''
+    """Generate code for VAT2 plugin."""
     write = stream.write
 
     define_hash = {d.name: d for d in defines}
     # replies = {}
 
-    hdr = '''\
+    hdr = """\
 #include 
 #include 
 #include 
@@ -1829,7 +1979,7 @@ def generate_c_test2_boilerplate(services, defines, module, stream):
 
 #include 
 
-'''
+"""
 
     write(hdr.format(module=module))
 
@@ -1838,123 +1988,123 @@ def generate_c_test2_boilerplate(services, defines, module, stream):
             continue
         c_test_api_service(s, s.stream, stream)
 
-    write('void vat2_register_function(char *, cJSON * (*)(cJSON *), cJSON * (*)(void *), u32);\n')
+    write(
+        "void vat2_register_function(char *, cJSON * (*)(cJSON *), cJSON * (*)(void *), u32);\n"
+    )
     # write('__attribute__((constructor))')
-    write('clib_error_t *\n')
-    write('vat2_register_plugin (void) {\n')
+    write("clib_error_t *\n")
+    write("vat2_register_plugin (void) {\n")
     for s in services:
         if s.reply not in define_hash:
             continue
         crc = define_hash[s.caller].crc
-        write('   vat2_register_function("{n}", api_{n}, (cJSON * (*)(void *))vl_api_{n}_t_tojson, 0x{crc:08x});\n'
-              .format(n=s.caller, crc=crc))
-    write('   return 0;\n')
-    write('}\n')
+        write(
+            '   vat2_register_function("{n}", api_{n}, (cJSON * (*)(void *))vl_api_{n}_t_tojson, 0x{crc:08x});\n'.format(
+                n=s.caller, crc=crc
+            )
+        )
+    write("   return 0;\n")
+    write("}\n")
 
 
 #
 # Plugin entry point
 #
 def run(args, apifilename, s):
-    '''Main plugin entry point.'''
+    """Main plugin entry point."""
     stream = StringIO()
 
     if not args.outputdir:
-        sys.stderr.write('Missing --outputdir argument')
+        sys.stderr.write("Missing --outputdir argument")
         return None
 
     basename = os.path.basename(apifilename)
     filename, _ = os.path.splitext(basename)
-    modulename = filename.replace('.', '_')
-    filename_enum = os.path.join(args.outputdir + '/' + basename + '_enum.h')
-    filename_types = os.path.join(args.outputdir + '/' + basename + '_types.h')
-    filename_c = os.path.join(args.outputdir + '/' + basename + '.c')
-    filename_c_test = os.path.join(args.outputdir + '/' + basename + '_test.c')
-    filename_c_test2 = (os.path.join(args.outputdir + '/' + basename +
-                                     '_test2.c'))
-    filename_c_tojson = (os.path.join(args.outputdir +
-                                      '/' + basename + '_tojson.h'))
-    filename_c_fromjson = (os.path.join(args.outputdir + '/' +
-                                        basename + '_fromjson.h'))
+    modulename = filename.replace(".", "_")
+    filename_enum = os.path.join(args.outputdir + "/" + basename + "_enum.h")
+    filename_types = os.path.join(args.outputdir + "/" + basename + "_types.h")
+    filename_c = os.path.join(args.outputdir + "/" + basename + ".c")
+    filename_c_test = os.path.join(args.outputdir + "/" + basename + "_test.c")
+    filename_c_test2 = os.path.join(args.outputdir + "/" + basename + "_test2.c")
+    filename_c_tojson = os.path.join(args.outputdir + "/" + basename + "_tojson.h")
+    filename_c_fromjson = os.path.join(args.outputdir + "/" + basename + "_fromjson.h")
 
     # Generate separate types file
     st = StringIO()
     generate_include_types(s, modulename, st)
-    with open(filename_types, 'w') as fd:
+    with open(filename_types, "w") as fd:
         st.seek(0)
         shutil.copyfileobj(st, fd)
     st.close()
 
     # Generate separate enum file
     st = StringIO()
-    st.write('#ifndef included_{}_api_enum_h\n'.format(modulename))
-    st.write('#define included_{}_api_enum_h\n'.format(modulename))
+    st.write("#ifndef included_{}_api_enum_h\n".format(modulename))
+    st.write("#define included_{}_api_enum_h\n".format(modulename))
     generate_include_enum(s, modulename, st)
-    generate_include_counters(s['Counters'], st)
-    st.write('#endif\n')
-    with open(filename_enum, 'w') as fd:
+    generate_include_counters(s["Counters"], st)
+    st.write("#endif\n")
+    with open(filename_enum, "w") as fd:
         st.seek(0)
         shutil.copyfileobj(st, fd)
     st.close()
 
     # Generate separate C file
     st = StringIO()
-    generate_c_boilerplate(s['Service'], s['Define'], s['Counters'],
-                           s['file_crc'], modulename, st)
-    with open(filename_c, 'w') as fd:
+    generate_c_boilerplate(
+        s["Service"], s["Define"], s["Counters"], s["file_crc"], modulename, st
+    )
+    with open(filename_c, "w") as fd:
         st.seek(0)
         shutil.copyfileobj(st, fd)
     st.close()
 
     # Generate separate C test file
     st = StringIO()
-    plugin = bool('plugin' in apifilename)
-    generate_c_test_boilerplate(s['Service'], s['Define'],
-                                s['file_crc'],
-                                modulename, plugin, st)
-    with open(filename_c_test, 'w') as fd:
+    plugin = bool("plugin" in apifilename)
+    generate_c_test_boilerplate(
+        s["Service"], s["Define"], s["file_crc"], modulename, plugin, st
+    )
+    with open(filename_c_test, "w") as fd:
         st.seek(0)
         shutil.copyfileobj(st, fd)
     st.close()
 
     # Fully autogenerated VATv2 C test file
     st = StringIO()
-    generate_c_test2_boilerplate(s['Service'], s['Define'],
-                                 modulename, st)
-    with open(filename_c_test2, 'w') as fd:
+    generate_c_test2_boilerplate(s["Service"], s["Define"], modulename, st)
+    with open(filename_c_test2, "w") as fd:
         st.seek(0)
         shutil.copyfileobj(st, fd)
-    st.close()                  #
+    st.close()  #
 
     # Generate separate JSON file
     st = StringIO()
     generate_tojson(s, modulename, st)
-    with open(filename_c_tojson, 'w') as fd:
+    with open(filename_c_tojson, "w") as fd:
         st.seek(0)
         shutil.copyfileobj(st, fd)
     st.close()
     st = StringIO()
     generate_fromjson(s, modulename, st)
-    with open(filename_c_fromjson, 'w') as fd:
+    with open(filename_c_fromjson, "w") as fd:
         st.seek(0)
         shutil.copyfileobj(st, fd)
     st.close()
 
-    output = TOP_BOILERPLATE.format(datestring=DATESTRING,
-                                    input_filename=basename)
-    output += generate_imports(s['Import'])
+    output = TOP_BOILERPLATE.format(datestring=DATESTRING, input_filename=basename)
+    output += generate_imports(s["Import"])
     output += msg_ids(s)
     output += msg_names(s)
     output += msg_name_crc_list(s, filename)
     output += typedefs(modulename)
-    printfun_types(s['types'], stream, modulename)
-    printfun(s['Define'], stream, modulename)
+    printfun_types(s["types"], stream, modulename)
+    printfun(s["Define"], stream, modulename)
     output += stream.getvalue()
     stream.close()
-    output += endianfun(s['types'] + s['Define'], modulename)
-    output += calc_size_fun(s['types'] + s['Define'], modulename)
+    output += endianfun(s["types"] + s["Define"], modulename)
+    output += calc_size_fun(s["types"] + s["Define"], modulename)
     output += version_tuple(s, basename)
-    output += BOTTOM_BOILERPLATE.format(input_filename=basename,
-                                        file_crc=s['file_crc'])
+    output += BOTTOM_BOILERPLATE.format(input_filename=basename, file_crc=s["file_crc"])
 
     return output
diff --git a/src/tools/vppapigen/vppapigen_crc.py b/src/tools/vppapigen/vppapigen_crc.py
index 791e347292e..525f6c07efc 100644
--- a/src/tools/vppapigen/vppapigen_crc.py
+++ b/src/tools/vppapigen/vppapigen_crc.py
@@ -12,11 +12,10 @@ def run(args, input_filename, s):
     major = 0
     minor = 0
     patch = 0
-    if 'version' in s['Option']:
-        v = s['Option']['version']
-        (major, minor, patch) = v.split('.')
-    j['_version'] = {'major': major, 'minor': minor, 'patch': patch}
-    for t in s['Define']:
-        j[t.name] = {'crc': f'{t.crc:#08x}', 'version': major,
-                     'options': t.options}
-    return json.dumps(j, indent=4, separators=(',', ': '))
+    if "version" in s["Option"]:
+        v = s["Option"]["version"]
+        (major, minor, patch) = v.split(".")
+    j["_version"] = {"major": major, "minor": minor, "patch": patch}
+    for t in s["Define"]:
+        j[t.name] = {"crc": f"{t.crc:#08x}", "version": major, "options": t.options}
+    return json.dumps(j, indent=4, separators=(",", ": "))
diff --git a/src/tools/vppapigen/vppapigen_json.py b/src/tools/vppapigen/vppapigen_json.py
index 5fa839f9854..695b8cc7aa2 100644
--- a/src/tools/vppapigen/vppapigen_json.py
+++ b/src/tools/vppapigen/vppapigen_json.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ def walk_imports(s):
 def walk_counters(s, pathset):
     r = []
     for e in s:
-        r2 = {'name': e.name, 'elements': e.block}
+        r2 = {"name": e.name, "elements": e.block}
         r.append(r2)
 
     r3 = []
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ def walk_enums(s):
         d.append(e.name)
         for b in e.block:
             d.append(b)
-        d.append({'enumtype': e.enumtype})
+        d.append({"enumtype": e.enumtype})
         r.append(d)
     return r
 
@@ -39,13 +39,13 @@ def walk_enums(s):
 def walk_services(s):
     r = {}
     for e in s:
-        d = {'reply': e.reply}
+        d = {"reply": e.reply}
         if e.stream:
-            d['stream'] = True
+            d["stream"] = True
         if e.stream_message:
-            d['stream_msg'] = e.stream_message
+            d["stream_msg"] = e.stream_message
         if e.events:
-            d['events'] = e.events
+            d["events"] = e.events
         r[e.caller] = d
     return r
 
@@ -56,28 +56,27 @@ def walk_defs(s, is_message=False):
         d = []
         d.append(t.name)
         for b in t.block:
-            if b.type == 'Option':
+            if b.type == "Option":
                 continue
-            if b.type == 'Field':
+            if b.type == "Field":
                 if b.limit:
                     d.append([b.fieldtype, b.fieldname, b.limit])
                 else:
                     d.append([b.fieldtype, b.fieldname])
-            elif b.type == 'Array':
+            elif b.type == "Array":
                 if b.lengthfield:
-                    d.append([b.fieldtype, b.fieldname,
-                              b.length, b.lengthfield])
+                    d.append([b.fieldtype, b.fieldname, b.length, b.lengthfield])
                 else:
                     d.append([b.fieldtype, b.fieldname, b.length])
-            elif b.type == 'Union':
+            elif b.type == "Union":
                 pass
             else:
                 raise ValueError("Error in processing array type %s" % b)
 
         if is_message and t.crc:
             c = {}
-            c['crc'] = "{0:#0{1}x}".format(t.crc, 10)
-            c['options'] = t.options
+            c["crc"] = "{0:#0{1}x}".format(t.crc, 10)
+            c["options"] = t.options
             d.append(c)
 
         r.append(d)
@@ -90,19 +89,19 @@ def walk_defs(s, is_message=False):
 def run(args, filename, s):
     j = {}
 
-    j['types'] = (walk_defs([o for o in s['types']
-                             if o.__class__.__name__ == 'Typedef']))
-    j['messages'] = walk_defs(s['Define'], True)
-    j['unions'] = (walk_defs([o for o in s['types']
-                              if o.__class__.__name__ == 'Union']))
-    j['enums'] = (walk_enums([o for o in s['types']
-                              if o.__class__.__name__ == 'Enum']))
-    j['enumflags'] = (walk_enums([o for o in s['types']
-                                  if o.__class__.__name__ == 'EnumFlag']))
-    j['services'] = walk_services(s['Service'])
-    j['options'] = s['Option']
-    j['aliases'] = {o.name:o.alias for o in s['types'] if o.__class__.__name__ == 'Using'}
-    j['vl_api_version'] = hex(s['file_crc'])
-    j['imports'] = walk_imports(i for i in s['Import'])
-    j['counters'], j['paths'] = walk_counters(s['Counters'], s['Paths'])
-    return json.dumps(j, indent=4, separators=(',', ': '))
+    j["types"] = walk_defs([o for o in s["types"] if o.__class__.__name__ == "Typedef"])
+    j["messages"] = walk_defs(s["Define"], True)
+    j["unions"] = walk_defs([o for o in s["types"] if o.__class__.__name__ == "Union"])
+    j["enums"] = walk_enums([o for o in s["types"] if o.__class__.__name__ == "Enum"])
+    j["enumflags"] = walk_enums(
+        [o for o in s["types"] if o.__class__.__name__ == "EnumFlag"]
+    )
+    j["services"] = walk_services(s["Service"])
+    j["options"] = s["Option"]
+    j["aliases"] = {
+        o.name: o.alias for o in s["types"] if o.__class__.__name__ == "Using"
+    }
+    j["vl_api_version"] = hex(s["file_crc"])
+    j["imports"] = walk_imports(i for i in s["Import"])
+    j["counters"], j["paths"] = walk_counters(s["Counters"], s["Paths"])
+    return json.dumps(j, indent=4, separators=(",", ": "))
diff --git a/src/vpp-api/python/setup.py b/src/vpp-api/python/setup.py
index 8bf6def2227..18637ba21b7 100644
--- a/src/vpp-api/python/setup.py
+++ b/src/vpp-api/python/setup.py
@@ -21,15 +21,16 @@ except ImportError:
 requirements = []
 
 setup(
-    name='vpp_papi',
-    version='2.0.0',
-    description='VPP Python binding',
-    author='Ole Troan',
-    author_email='ot@cisco.com',
-    url='https://wiki.fd.io/view/VPP/Python_API',
-    license='Apache-2.0',
-    test_suite='vpp_papi.tests',
+    name="vpp_papi",
+    version="2.0.0",
+    description="VPP Python binding",
+    author="Ole Troan",
+    author_email="ot@cisco.com",
+    url="https://wiki.fd.io/view/VPP/Python_API",
+    license="Apache-2.0",
+    test_suite="vpp_papi.tests",
     install_requires=requirements,
     packages=find_packages(),
-    long_description='''VPP Python language binding.''',
-    zip_safe=True)
+    long_description="""VPP Python language binding.""",
+    zip_safe=True,
+)
diff --git a/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/__init__.py b/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/__init__.py
index b2b4fc78fc1..f87b6480d4e 100644
--- a/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/__init__.py
+++ b/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/__init__.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ from .vpp_papi import VppEnum, VppEnumType, VppEnumFlag  # noqa: F401
 from .vpp_papi import VPPIOError, VPPRuntimeError, VPPValueError  # noqa: F401
 from .vpp_papi import VPPApiClient  # noqa: F401
 from .vpp_papi import VPPApiJSONFiles  # noqa: F401
-from . macaddress import MACAddress, mac_pton, mac_ntop  # noqa: F401
+from .macaddress import MACAddress, mac_pton, mac_ntop  # noqa: F401
 
 # sorted lexicographically
 from .vpp_serializer import BaseTypes  # noqa: F401
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from .vpp_serializer import VPPEnumType, VPPType, VPPTypeAlias  # noqa: F401
 from .vpp_serializer import VPPMessage, VPPUnionType  # noqa: F401
 
 import pkg_resources  # part of setuptools
+
 try:
     __version__ = pkg_resources.get_distribution("vpp_papi").version
 except (pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound):
diff --git a/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/macaddress.py b/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/macaddress.py
index c3b10a3c11e..8799bd7be24 100644
--- a/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/macaddress.py
+++ b/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/macaddress.py
@@ -18,20 +18,19 @@ import binascii
 
 
 def mac_pton(s):
-    '''Convert MAC address as text to binary'''
-    return binascii.unhexlify(s.replace(':', ''))
+    """Convert MAC address as text to binary"""
+    return binascii.unhexlify(s.replace(":", ""))
 
 
 def mac_ntop(binary):
-    '''Convert MAC address as binary to text'''
-    x = b':'.join(binascii.hexlify(binary)[i:i + 2]
-                  for i in range(0, 12, 2))
-    return str(x.decode('ascii'))
+    """Convert MAC address as binary to text"""
+    x = b":".join(binascii.hexlify(binary)[i : i + 2] for i in range(0, 12, 2))
+    return str(x.decode("ascii"))
 
 
-class MACAddress():
+class MACAddress:
     def __init__(self, mac):
-        '''MAC Address as a text-string (aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff) or 6 bytes'''
+        """MAC Address as a text-string (aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff) or 6 bytes"""
         # Of course Python 2 doesn't distinguish str from bytes
         if type(mac) is bytes and len(mac) == 6:
             self.mac_binary = mac
@@ -51,7 +50,7 @@ class MACAddress():
         return self.mac_string
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return '%s(%s)' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.mac_string)
+        return "%s(%s)" % (self.__class__.__name__, self.mac_string)
 
     def __eq__(self, other):
 
diff --git a/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/tests/test_macaddress.py b/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/tests/test_macaddress.py
index 08e365afd92..e86ec75c76e 100644
--- a/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/tests/test_macaddress.py
+++ b/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/tests/test_macaddress.py
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@ from vpp_papi import MACAddress
 
 
 class TestMacAddress(unittest.TestCase):
-
     def test_eq(self):
-        mac = '11:22:33:44:55:66'
-        self.assertEqual(MACAddress(mac),
-                         MACAddress(mac))
+        mac = "11:22:33:44:55:66"
+        self.assertEqual(MACAddress(mac), MACAddress(mac))
diff --git a/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/tests/test_vpp_format.py b/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/tests/test_vpp_format.py
index 5c179c02e0a..ae4d2c5126d 100644
--- a/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/tests/test_vpp_format.py
+++ b/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/tests/test_vpp_format.py
@@ -25,57 +25,64 @@ from vpp_papi import vpp_format
 
 from parameterized import parameterized
 
-ip4_addr = '1.2.3.4'
-ip4_addrn = b'\x01\x02\x03\x04'
+ip4_addr = "1.2.3.4"
+ip4_addrn = b"\x01\x02\x03\x04"
 ip4_prefix_len = 32
-ip4_prefix = '%s/%s' % (ip4_addr, ip4_prefix_len)
+ip4_prefix = "%s/%s" % (ip4_addr, ip4_prefix_len)
 ipv4_network = ipaddress.IPv4Network(text_type(ip4_prefix))
-ip4_addr_format_vl_api_address_t = {'un': {'ip4': b'\x01\x02\x03\x04'},
-                                    'af': 0}
-ip4_addr_format_vl_api_prefix_t = {'address':                                # noqa: E127,E501
-                                       {'un': {'ip4': b'\x01\x02\x03\x04'},
-                                        'af': 0},
-                                   'len': ip4_prefix_len}
-ip4_addr_format_vl_api_prefix_packed_t = {'address': b'\x01\x02\x03\x04',
-                                          'len': ip4_prefix_len}
+ip4_addr_format_vl_api_address_t = {"un": {"ip4": b"\x01\x02\x03\x04"}, "af": 0}
+ip4_addr_format_vl_api_prefix_t = {
+    "address": {"un": {"ip4": b"\x01\x02\x03\x04"}, "af": 0},  # noqa: E127,E501
+    "len": ip4_prefix_len,
+}
+ip4_addr_format_vl_api_prefix_packed_t = {
+    "address": b"\x01\x02\x03\x04",
+    "len": ip4_prefix_len,
+}
 
-ip6_addr = 'dead::'
-ip6_addrn = b'\xde\xad\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00' \
-            b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00'
+ip6_addr = "dead::"
+ip6_addrn = b"\xde\xad\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00" b"\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
 ip6_prefix_len = 127
-ip6_prefix = '%s/%s' % (ip6_addr, ip6_prefix_len)
+ip6_prefix = "%s/%s" % (ip6_addr, ip6_prefix_len)
 ipv6_network = ipaddress.IPv6Network(text_type(ip6_prefix))
-ip6_addr_format_vl_api_address_t = {'un': {'ip6': b'\xde\xad\x00\x00'
-                                                  b'\x00\x00\x00\x00'
-                                                  b'\x00\x00\x00\x00'
-                                                  b'\x00\x00\x00\x00'},
-                                    'af': 1}
-ip6_addr_format_vl_api_prefix_t = {'address':       # noqa: E127
-                                       {'af': 1,
-                                        'un': {
-                                            'ip6': b'\xde\xad\x00\x00'
-                                                   b'\x00\x00\x00\x00'
-                                                   b'\x00\x00\x00\x00'
-                                                   b'\x00\x00\x00\x00'}},
-                                   'len': ip6_prefix_len}
-ip6_addr_format_vl_api_prefix_packed_t = {'address': b'\xde\xad\x00\x00'   # noqa: E127,E501
-                                                     b'\x00\x00\x00\x00'
-                                                     b'\x00\x00\x00\x00'
-                                                     b'\x00\x00\x00\x00',
-                                          'len': ip6_prefix_len}
+ip6_addr_format_vl_api_address_t = {
+    "un": {
+        "ip6": b"\xde\xad\x00\x00"
+        b"\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+        b"\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+        b"\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+    },
+    "af": 1,
+}
+ip6_addr_format_vl_api_prefix_t = {
+    "address": {  # noqa: E127
+        "af": 1,
+        "un": {
+            "ip6": b"\xde\xad\x00\x00"
+            b"\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+            b"\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+            b"\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+        },
+    },
+    "len": ip6_prefix_len,
+}
+ip6_addr_format_vl_api_prefix_packed_t = {
+    "address": b"\xde\xad\x00\x00"  # noqa: E127,E501
+    b"\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+    b"\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+    b"\x00\x00\x00\x00",
+    "len": ip6_prefix_len,
+}
 
 
 class TestVppFormat(unittest.TestCase):
-
     def test_format_vl_api_address_t(self):
         res = vpp_format.format_vl_api_address_t(ip4_addr)
         self.assertEqual(res, ip4_addr_format_vl_api_address_t)
 
         # PY2: raises socket.error
         # PY3: raises OSError
-        with self.assertRaises((TypeError,
-                                socket.error,
-                                OSError)):
+        with self.assertRaises((TypeError, socket.error, OSError)):
             res = vpp_format.format_vl_api_address_t(ip4_addrn)
 
         res = vpp_format.format_vl_api_address_t(ip6_addr)
@@ -84,19 +91,14 @@ class TestVppFormat(unittest.TestCase):
         with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
             es = vpp_format.format_vl_api_address_t(ip6_addrn)
 
-    @parameterized.expand([('ip4 prefix',
-                            ip4_prefix,
-                            ip4_addr_format_vl_api_prefix_t),
-                           ('ip6 prefix',
-                            ip6_prefix,
-                            ip6_addr_format_vl_api_prefix_t),
-                           ('IPv4Network',
-                            ipv4_network,
-                            ip4_addr_format_vl_api_prefix_t),
-                           ('IPv6Network',
-                            ipv6_network,
-                            ip6_addr_format_vl_api_prefix_t),
-                           ])
+    @parameterized.expand(
+        [
+            ("ip4 prefix", ip4_prefix, ip4_addr_format_vl_api_prefix_t),
+            ("ip6 prefix", ip6_prefix, ip6_addr_format_vl_api_prefix_t),
+            ("IPv4Network", ipv4_network, ip4_addr_format_vl_api_prefix_t),
+            ("IPv6Network", ipv6_network, ip6_addr_format_vl_api_prefix_t),
+        ]
+    )
     def test_format_vl_api_prefix_t(self, _, arg, expected):
         res = vpp_format.format_vl_api_prefix_t(arg)
         self.assertEqual(res, expected)
diff --git a/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/tests/test_vpp_papi.py b/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/tests/test_vpp_papi.py
index 99acb7c7469..2b21c83966a 100644
--- a/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/tests/test_vpp_papi.py
+++ b/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/tests/test_vpp_papi.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ from vpp_papi import vpp_transport_shmem
 
 class TestVppPapiVPPApiClient(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_getcontext(self):
-        vpp_papi.VPPApiClient.apidir = '.'
+        vpp_papi.VPPApiClient.apidir = "."
         c = vpp_papi.VPPApiClient(testmode=True, use_socket=True)
 
         # reset initialization at module load time.
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class TestVppPapiVPPApiClientMp(unittest.TestCase):
     # run_tests.py (eg. make test TEST_JOBS=10)
 
     def test_get_context_mp(self):
-        vpp_papi.VPPApiClient.apidir = '.'
+        vpp_papi.VPPApiClient.apidir = "."
         c = vpp_papi.VPPApiClient(testmode=True, use_socket=True)
 
         # reset initialization at module load time.
@@ -243,11 +243,11 @@ class TestVppPapiLogging(unittest.TestCase):
                 pass
 
         client = Vpp
-        with self.assertLogs('vpp_papi', level='DEBUG') as cm:
+        with self.assertLogs("vpp_papi", level="DEBUG") as cm:
             vpp_papi.vpp_atexit(client)
-        self.assertEqual(cm.output, ['DEBUG:vpp_papi:Cleaning up VPP on exit'])
+        self.assertEqual(cm.output, ["DEBUG:vpp_papi:Cleaning up VPP on exit"])
 
         with self.assertRaises(AssertionError):
-            with self.assertLogs('vpp_papi.serializer', level='DEBUG') as cm:
+            with self.assertLogs("vpp_papi.serializer", level="DEBUG") as cm:
                 vpp_papi.vpp_atexit(client)
         self.assertEqual(cm.output, [])
diff --git a/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/tests/test_vpp_serializer.py b/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/tests/test_vpp_serializer.py
index c9b3d672d6a..eee38f00632 100755
--- a/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/tests/test_vpp_serializer.py
+++ b/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/tests/test_vpp_serializer.py
@@ -13,61 +13,57 @@ from ipaddress import *
 
 class TestLimits(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_string(self):
-        fixed_string = VPPType('fixed_string',
-                               [['string', 'name', 16]])
+        fixed_string = VPPType("fixed_string", [["string", "name", 16]])
 
-        b = fixed_string.pack({'name': 'foobar'})
+        b = fixed_string.pack({"name": "foobar"})
         self.assertEqual(len(b), 16)
 
         # Ensure string is nul terminated
-        self.assertEqual(b.decode('ascii')[6], '\x00')
+        self.assertEqual(b.decode("ascii")[6], "\x00")
 
         nt, size = fixed_string.unpack(b)
         self.assertEqual(size, 16)
-        self.assertEqual(nt.name, 'foobar')
+        self.assertEqual(nt.name, "foobar")
 
         # Empty string
-        b = fixed_string.pack({'name': ''})
+        b = fixed_string.pack({"name": ""})
         self.assertEqual(len(b), 16)
         nt, size = fixed_string.unpack(b)
         self.assertEqual(size, 16)
-        self.assertEqual(nt.name, '')
+        self.assertEqual(nt.name, "")
 
         # String too long
         with self.assertRaises(VPPSerializerValueError):
-            b = fixed_string.pack({'name': 'foobarfoobar1234'})
+            b = fixed_string.pack({"name": "foobarfoobar1234"})
 
-        variable_string = VPPType('variable_string',
-                                  [['string', 'name', 0]])
-        b = variable_string.pack({'name': 'foobar'})
-        self.assertEqual(len(b), 4 + len('foobar'))
+        variable_string = VPPType("variable_string", [["string", "name", 0]])
+        b = variable_string.pack({"name": "foobar"})
+        self.assertEqual(len(b), 4 + len("foobar"))
 
         nt, size = variable_string.unpack(b)
-        self.assertEqual(size, 4 + len('foobar'))
-        self.assertEqual(nt.name, 'foobar')
-        self.assertEqual(len(nt.name), len('foobar'))
+        self.assertEqual(size, 4 + len("foobar"))
+        self.assertEqual(nt.name, "foobar")
+        self.assertEqual(len(nt.name), len("foobar"))
 
     def test_limit(self):
-        limited_type = VPPType('limited_type_t',
-                               [['string', 'name', 0, {'limit': 16}]])
-        unlimited_type = VPPType('limited_type_t',
-                                 [['string', 'name', 0]])
+        limited_type = VPPType("limited_type_t", [["string", "name", 0, {"limit": 16}]])
+        unlimited_type = VPPType("limited_type_t", [["string", "name", 0]])
 
-        b = limited_type.pack({'name': 'foobar'})
+        b = limited_type.pack({"name": "foobar"})
         self.assertEqual(len(b), 10)
-        b = unlimited_type.pack({'name': 'foobar'})
+        b = unlimited_type.pack({"name": "foobar"})
         self.assertEqual(len(b), 10)
 
         with self.assertRaises(VPPSerializerValueError):
-            b = limited_type.pack({'name': 'foobar'*3})
+            b = limited_type.pack({"name": "foobar" * 3})
 
 
 class TestDefaults(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_defaults(self):
-        default_type = VPPType('default_type_t',
-                               [['u16', 'mtu', {'default': 1500, 'limit': 0}]])
-        without_default_type = VPPType('without_default_type_t',
-                                       [['u16', 'mtu']])
+        default_type = VPPType(
+            "default_type_t", [["u16", "mtu", {"default": 1500, "limit": 0}]]
+        )
+        without_default_type = VPPType("without_default_type_t", [["u16", "mtu"]])
 
         b = default_type.pack({})
         self.assertEqual(len(b), 2)
@@ -76,7 +72,7 @@ class TestDefaults(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(nt.mtu, 1500)
 
         # distinguish between parameter 0 and parameter not passed
-        b = default_type.pack({'mtu': 0})
+        b = default_type.pack({"mtu": 0})
         self.assertEqual(len(b), 2)
         nt, size = default_type.unpack(b)
         self.assertEqual(len(b), size)
@@ -90,13 +86,15 @@ class TestDefaults(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(nt.mtu, 0)
 
         # default enum type
-        VPPEnumType('vl_api_enum_t', [["ADDRESS_IP4", 0],
-                                      ["ADDRESS_IP6", 1],
-                                      {"enumtype": "u32"}])
+        VPPEnumType(
+            "vl_api_enum_t",
+            [["ADDRESS_IP4", 0], ["ADDRESS_IP6", 1], {"enumtype": "u32"}],
+        )
 
-        default_with_enum = VPPType('default_enum_type_t',
-                                    [['u16', 'mtu'], ['vl_api_enum_t',
-                                                      'e', {'default': 1}]])
+        default_with_enum = VPPType(
+            "default_enum_type_t",
+            [["u16", "mtu"], ["vl_api_enum_t", "e", {"default": 1}]],
+        )
 
         b = default_with_enum.pack({})
         self.assertEqual(len(b), 6)
@@ -106,275 +104,275 @@ class TestDefaults(unittest.TestCase):
 
 
 class TestAddType(unittest.TestCase):
-
     def test_union(self):
-        un = VPPUnionType('test_union',
-                          [['u8', 'is_bool'],
-                           ['u32', 'is_int']])
+        un = VPPUnionType("test_union", [["u8", "is_bool"], ["u32", "is_int"]])
 
-        b = un.pack({'is_int': 0x12345678})
+        b = un.pack({"is_int": 0x12345678})
         nt, size = un.unpack(b)
         self.assertEqual(len(b), size)
         self.assertEqual(nt.is_bool, 0x12)
         self.assertEqual(nt.is_int, 0x12345678)
 
     def test_address(self):
-        af = VPPEnumType('vl_api_address_family_t', [["ADDRESS_IP4", 0],
-                                                     ["ADDRESS_IP6", 1],
-                                                     {"enumtype": "u32"}])
-        aff = VPPEnumFlagType('vl_api_address_family_flag_t', [["ADDRESS_IP4", 0],
-                                                               ["ADDRESS_IP6", 1],
-                                                               {"enumtype": "u32"}])
-        ip4 = VPPTypeAlias('vl_api_ip4_address_t', {'type': 'u8',
-                                                    'length': 4})
-        ip6 = VPPTypeAlias('vl_api_ip6_address_t', {'type': 'u8',
-                                                    'length': 16})
-        VPPUnionType('vl_api_address_union_t',
-                     [["vl_api_ip4_address_t", "ip4"],
-                      ["vl_api_ip6_address_t", "ip6"]])
+        af = VPPEnumType(
+            "vl_api_address_family_t",
+            [["ADDRESS_IP4", 0], ["ADDRESS_IP6", 1], {"enumtype": "u32"}],
+        )
+        aff = VPPEnumFlagType(
+            "vl_api_address_family_flag_t",
+            [["ADDRESS_IP4", 0], ["ADDRESS_IP6", 1], {"enumtype": "u32"}],
+        )
+        ip4 = VPPTypeAlias("vl_api_ip4_address_t", {"type": "u8", "length": 4})
+        ip6 = VPPTypeAlias("vl_api_ip6_address_t", {"type": "u8", "length": 16})
+        VPPUnionType(
+            "vl_api_address_union_t",
+            [["vl_api_ip4_address_t", "ip4"], ["vl_api_ip6_address_t", "ip6"]],
+        )
 
-        address = VPPType('vl_api_address_t',
-                          [['vl_api_address_family_t', 'af'],
-                           ['vl_api_address_union_t', 'un']])
+        address = VPPType(
+            "vl_api_address_t",
+            [["vl_api_address_family_t", "af"], ["vl_api_address_union_t", "un"]],
+        )
 
-        prefix = VPPType('vl_api_prefix_t',
-                         [['vl_api_address_t', 'address'],
-                          ['u8', 'len']])
+        prefix = VPPType(
+            "vl_api_prefix_t", [["vl_api_address_t", "address"], ["u8", "len"]]
+        )
 
-        va_address_list = VPPType('list_addresses',
-                                  [['u8', 'count'],
-                                   ['vl_api_address_t', 'addresses',
-                                    0, 'count']])
+        va_address_list = VPPType(
+            "list_addresses",
+            [["u8", "count"], ["vl_api_address_t", "addresses", 0, "count"]],
+        )
 
-        message_with_va_address_list = VPPType('msg_with_vla',
-                                               [['list_addresses',
-                                                 'vla_address'],
-                                                ['u8', 'is_cool']])
+        message_with_va_address_list = VPPType(
+            "msg_with_vla", [["list_addresses", "vla_address"], ["u8", "is_cool"]]
+        )
 
-        b = ip4.pack(inet_pton(AF_INET, '1.1.1.1'))
+        b = ip4.pack(inet_pton(AF_INET, "1.1.1.1"))
         self.assertEqual(len(b), 4)
         nt, size = ip4.unpack(b)
-        self.assertEqual(str(nt), '1.1.1.1')
+        self.assertEqual(str(nt), "1.1.1.1")
 
-        b = ip6.pack(inet_pton(AF_INET6, '1::1'))
+        b = ip6.pack(inet_pton(AF_INET6, "1::1"))
         self.assertEqual(len(b), 16)
 
-        b = address.pack({'af': af.ADDRESS_IP4,
-                          'un':
-                          {'ip4': inet_pton(AF_INET, '2.2.2.2')}})
+        b = address.pack(
+            {"af": af.ADDRESS_IP4, "un": {"ip4": inet_pton(AF_INET, "2.2.2.2")}}
+        )
         self.assertEqual(len(b), 20)
 
         nt, size = address.unpack(b)
-        self.assertEqual(str(nt), '2.2.2.2')
+        self.assertEqual(str(nt), "2.2.2.2")
 
         # List of addresses
         address_list = []
         for i in range(4):
-            address_list.append({'af': af.ADDRESS_IP4,
-                                 'un':
-                                 {'ip4': inet_pton(AF_INET, '2.2.2.2')}})
-        b = va_address_list.pack({'count': len(address_list),
-                                  'addresses': address_list})
+            address_list.append(
+                {"af": af.ADDRESS_IP4, "un": {"ip4": inet_pton(AF_INET, "2.2.2.2")}}
+            )
+        b = va_address_list.pack(
+            {"count": len(address_list), "addresses": address_list}
+        )
         self.assertEqual(len(b), 81)
 
         nt, size = va_address_list.unpack(b)
-        self.assertEqual(str(nt.addresses[0]), '2.2.2.2')
+        self.assertEqual(str(nt.addresses[0]), "2.2.2.2")
 
-        b = message_with_va_address_list.pack({'vla_address':
-                                               {'count': len(address_list),
-                                                'addresses': address_list},
-                                               'is_cool': 100})
+        b = message_with_va_address_list.pack(
+            {
+                "vla_address": {"count": len(address_list), "addresses": address_list},
+                "is_cool": 100,
+            }
+        )
         self.assertEqual(len(b), 82)
         nt, size = message_with_va_address_list.unpack(b)
         self.assertEqual(nt.is_cool, 100)
 
     def test_address_with_prefix(self):
-        af = VPPEnumType('vl_api_address_family_t', [["ADDRESS_IP4", 0],
-                                                     ["ADDRESS_IP6", 1],
-                                                     {"enumtype": "u32"}])
-        ip4 = VPPTypeAlias('vl_api_ip4_address_t', {'type': 'u8',
-                                                    'length': 4})
-        ip6 = VPPTypeAlias('vl_api_ip6_address_t', {'type': 'u8',
-                                                    'length': 16})
-        VPPUnionType('vl_api_address_union_t',
-                     [["vl_api_ip4_address_t", "ip4"],
-                      ["vl_api_ip6_address_t", "ip6"]])
+        af = VPPEnumType(
+            "vl_api_address_family_t",
+            [["ADDRESS_IP4", 0], ["ADDRESS_IP6", 1], {"enumtype": "u32"}],
+        )
+        ip4 = VPPTypeAlias("vl_api_ip4_address_t", {"type": "u8", "length": 4})
+        ip6 = VPPTypeAlias("vl_api_ip6_address_t", {"type": "u8", "length": 16})
+        VPPUnionType(
+            "vl_api_address_union_t",
+            [["vl_api_ip4_address_t", "ip4"], ["vl_api_ip6_address_t", "ip6"]],
+        )
 
-        address = VPPType('vl_api_address_t',
-                          [['vl_api_address_family_t', 'af'],
-                           ['vl_api_address_union_t', 'un']])
+        address = VPPType(
+            "vl_api_address_t",
+            [["vl_api_address_family_t", "af"], ["vl_api_address_union_t", "un"]],
+        )
 
-        prefix = VPPType('vl_api_prefix_t',
-                         [['vl_api_address_t', 'address'],
-                          ['u8', 'len']])
-        prefix4 = VPPType('vl_api_ip4_prefix_t',
-                          [['vl_api_ip4_address_t', 'address'],
-                          ['u8', 'len']])
-        prefix6 = VPPType('vl_api_ip6_prefix_t',
-                          [['vl_api_ip6_address_t', 'address'],
-                          ['u8', 'len']])
+        prefix = VPPType(
+            "vl_api_prefix_t", [["vl_api_address_t", "address"], ["u8", "len"]]
+        )
+        prefix4 = VPPType(
+            "vl_api_ip4_prefix_t", [["vl_api_ip4_address_t", "address"], ["u8", "len"]]
+        )
+        prefix6 = VPPType(
+            "vl_api_ip6_prefix_t", [["vl_api_ip6_address_t", "address"], ["u8", "len"]]
+        )
 
-        address_with_prefix = VPPTypeAlias('vl_api_address_with_prefix_t', {'type': 'vl_api_prefix_t' })
-        address4_with_prefix = VPPTypeAlias('vl_api_ip4_address_with_prefix_t',
-                                            {'type': 'vl_api_ip4_prefix_t' })
-        address6_with_prefix = VPPTypeAlias('vl_api_ip6_address_with_prefix_t',
-                                            {'type': 'vl_api_ip6_prefix_t' })
+        address_with_prefix = VPPTypeAlias(
+            "vl_api_address_with_prefix_t", {"type": "vl_api_prefix_t"}
+        )
+        address4_with_prefix = VPPTypeAlias(
+            "vl_api_ip4_address_with_prefix_t", {"type": "vl_api_ip4_prefix_t"}
+        )
+        address6_with_prefix = VPPTypeAlias(
+            "vl_api_ip6_address_with_prefix_t", {"type": "vl_api_ip6_prefix_t"}
+        )
 
-        awp_type = VPPType('foobar_t',
-                           [['vl_api_address_with_prefix_t', 'address']])
+        awp_type = VPPType("foobar_t", [["vl_api_address_with_prefix_t", "address"]])
 
         # address with prefix
-        b = address_with_prefix.pack(IPv4Interface('2.2.2.2/24'))
+        b = address_with_prefix.pack(IPv4Interface("2.2.2.2/24"))
         self.assertEqual(len(b), 21)
         nt, size = address_with_prefix.unpack(b)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(nt, IPv4Interface))
-        self.assertEqual(str(nt), '2.2.2.2/24')
+        self.assertEqual(str(nt), "2.2.2.2/24")
 
-        b = address_with_prefix.pack(IPv6Interface('2::2/64'))
+        b = address_with_prefix.pack(IPv6Interface("2::2/64"))
         self.assertEqual(len(b), 21)
         nt, size = address_with_prefix.unpack(b)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(nt, IPv6Interface))
-        self.assertEqual(str(nt), '2::2/64')
+        self.assertEqual(str(nt), "2::2/64")
 
-        b = address_with_prefix.pack(IPv4Network('2.2.2.2/24', strict=False))
+        b = address_with_prefix.pack(IPv4Network("2.2.2.2/24", strict=False))
         self.assertEqual(len(b), 21)
         nt, size = address_with_prefix.unpack(b)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(nt, IPv4Interface))
-        self.assertEqual(str(nt), '2.2.2.0/24')
+        self.assertEqual(str(nt), "2.2.2.0/24")
 
-        b = address4_with_prefix.pack('2.2.2.2/24')
+        b = address4_with_prefix.pack("2.2.2.2/24")
         self.assertEqual(len(b), 5)
         nt, size = address4_with_prefix.unpack(b)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(nt, IPv4Interface))
-        self.assertEqual(str(nt), '2.2.2.2/24')
-        b = address4_with_prefix.pack(IPv4Interface('2.2.2.2/24'))
+        self.assertEqual(str(nt), "2.2.2.2/24")
+        b = address4_with_prefix.pack(IPv4Interface("2.2.2.2/24"))
         self.assertEqual(len(b), 5)
 
-        b = address6_with_prefix.pack('2::2/64')
+        b = address6_with_prefix.pack("2::2/64")
         self.assertEqual(len(b), 17)
         nt, size = address6_with_prefix.unpack(b)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(nt, IPv6Interface))
-        self.assertEqual(str(nt), '2::2/64')
-        b = address6_with_prefix.pack(IPv6Interface('2::2/64'))
+        self.assertEqual(str(nt), "2::2/64")
+        b = address6_with_prefix.pack(IPv6Interface("2::2/64"))
         self.assertEqual(len(b), 17)
 
-        b = prefix.pack('192.168.10.0/24')
+        b = prefix.pack("192.168.10.0/24")
         self.assertEqual(len(b), 21)
         nt, size = prefix.unpack(b)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(nt, IPv4Network))
-        self.assertEqual(str(nt), '192.168.10.0/24')
+        self.assertEqual(str(nt), "192.168.10.0/24")
 
-        b = awp_type.pack({'address': '1.2.3.4/24'})
+        b = awp_type.pack({"address": "1.2.3.4/24"})
         self.assertEqual(len(b), 21)
         nt, size = awp_type.unpack(b)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(nt.address, IPv4Interface))
-        self.assertEqual(str(nt.address), '1.2.3.4/24')
+        self.assertEqual(str(nt.address), "1.2.3.4/24")
 
-        b = awp_type.pack({'address': IPv4Interface('1.2.3.4/24')})
+        b = awp_type.pack({"address": IPv4Interface("1.2.3.4/24")})
         self.assertEqual(len(b), 21)
         nt, size = awp_type.unpack(b)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(nt.address, IPv4Interface))
-        self.assertEqual(str(nt.address), '1.2.3.4/24')
+        self.assertEqual(str(nt.address), "1.2.3.4/24")
 
     def test_recursive_address(self):
-        af = VPPEnumType('vl_api_address_family_t', [["ADDRESS_IP4", 0],
-                                                     ["ADDRESS_IP6", 1],
-                                                     {"enumtype": "u32"}])
-        ip4 = VPPTypeAlias('vl_api_ip4_address_t', {'type': 'u8',
-                                                    'length': 4})
-        b = ip4.pack('1.1.1.1')
+        af = VPPEnumType(
+            "vl_api_address_family_t",
+            [["ADDRESS_IP4", 0], ["ADDRESS_IP6", 1], {"enumtype": "u32"}],
+        )
+        ip4 = VPPTypeAlias("vl_api_ip4_address_t", {"type": "u8", "length": 4})
+        b = ip4.pack("1.1.1.1")
         self.assertEqual(len(b), 4)
         nt, size = ip4.unpack(b)
 
-        self.assertEqual(str(nt), '1.1.1.1')
+        self.assertEqual(str(nt), "1.1.1.1")
 
-        ip6 = VPPTypeAlias('vl_api_ip6_address_t', {'type': 'u8',
-                                                    'length': 16})
-        VPPUnionType('vl_api_address_union_t',
-                     [["vl_api_ip4_address_t", "ip4"],
-                      ["vl_api_ip6_address_t", "ip6"]])
+        ip6 = VPPTypeAlias("vl_api_ip6_address_t", {"type": "u8", "length": 16})
+        VPPUnionType(
+            "vl_api_address_union_t",
+            [["vl_api_ip4_address_t", "ip4"], ["vl_api_ip6_address_t", "ip6"]],
+        )
 
-        address = VPPType('vl_api_address_t',
-                          [['vl_api_address_family_t', 'af'],
-                           ['vl_api_address_union_t', 'un']])
+        address = VPPType(
+            "vl_api_address_t",
+            [["vl_api_address_family_t", "af"], ["vl_api_address_union_t", "un"]],
+        )
 
-        prefix = VPPType('vl_api_prefix_t',
-                         [['vl_api_address_t', 'address'],
-                          ['u8', 'len']])
-        message = VPPMessage('svs',
-                             [['vl_api_prefix_t', 'prefix']])
-        message_addr = VPPMessage('svs_address',
-                                  [['vl_api_address_t', 'address']])
+        prefix = VPPType(
+            "vl_api_prefix_t", [["vl_api_address_t", "address"], ["u8", "len"]]
+        )
+        message = VPPMessage("svs", [["vl_api_prefix_t", "prefix"]])
+        message_addr = VPPMessage("svs_address", [["vl_api_address_t", "address"]])
 
-        b = message_addr.pack({'address': "1::1"})
+        b = message_addr.pack({"address": "1::1"})
         self.assertEqual(len(b), 20)
         nt, size = message_addr.unpack(b)
         self.assertEqual("1::1", str(nt.address))
-        b = message_addr.pack({'address': "1.1.1.1"})
+        b = message_addr.pack({"address": "1.1.1.1"})
         self.assertEqual(len(b), 20)
         nt, size = message_addr.unpack(b)
         self.assertEqual("1.1.1.1", str(nt.address))
 
-        b = message.pack({'prefix': "1.1.1.0/24"})
+        b = message.pack({"prefix": "1.1.1.0/24"})
         self.assertEqual(len(b), 21)
         nt, size = message.unpack(b)
         self.assertEqual("1.1.1.0/24", str(nt.prefix))
 
-        message_array = VPPMessage('address_array',
-                                   [['vl_api_ip6_address_t',
-                                     'addresses', 2]])
-        b = message_array.pack({'addresses': [IPv6Address(u"1::1"), "2::2"]})
+        message_array = VPPMessage(
+            "address_array", [["vl_api_ip6_address_t", "addresses", 2]]
+        )
+        b = message_array.pack({"addresses": [IPv6Address("1::1"), "2::2"]})
         self.assertEqual(len(b), 32)
-        message_array_vla = VPPMessage('address_array_vla',
-                                       [['u32', 'num'],
-                                        ['vl_api_ip6_address_t',
-                                         'addresses', 0, 'num']])
-        b = message_array_vla.pack({'addresses': ["1::1", "2::2"], 'num': 2})
+        message_array_vla = VPPMessage(
+            "address_array_vla",
+            [["u32", "num"], ["vl_api_ip6_address_t", "addresses", 0, "num"]],
+        )
+        b = message_array_vla.pack({"addresses": ["1::1", "2::2"], "num": 2})
         self.assertEqual(len(b), 36)
 
-        message_array4 = VPPMessage('address_array4',
-                                    [['vl_api_ip4_address_t',
-                                      'addresses', 2]])
-        b = message_array4.pack({'addresses': ["1.1.1.1", "2.2.2.2"]})
+        message_array4 = VPPMessage(
+            "address_array4", [["vl_api_ip4_address_t", "addresses", 2]]
+        )
+        b = message_array4.pack({"addresses": ["1.1.1.1", "2.2.2.2"]})
         self.assertEqual(len(b), 8)
-        b = message_array4.pack({'addresses': [IPv4Address(u"1.1.1.1"),
-                                               "2.2.2.2"]})
+        b = message_array4.pack({"addresses": [IPv4Address("1.1.1.1"), "2.2.2.2"]})
         self.assertEqual(len(b), 8)
 
-        message = VPPMessage('address', [['vl_api_address_t', 'address']])
-        b = message.pack({'address': '1::1'})
+        message = VPPMessage("address", [["vl_api_address_t", "address"]])
+        b = message.pack({"address": "1::1"})
         self.assertEqual(len(b), 20)
-        b = message.pack({'address': '1.1.1.1'})
+        b = message.pack({"address": "1.1.1.1"})
         self.assertEqual(len(b), 20)
-        message = VPPMessage('prefix', [['vl_api_prefix_t', 'prefix']])
-        b = message.pack({'prefix': '1::1/130'})
+        message = VPPMessage("prefix", [["vl_api_prefix_t", "prefix"]])
+        b = message.pack({"prefix": "1::1/130"})
         self.assertEqual(len(b), 21)
-        b = message.pack({'prefix': IPv6Network(u'1::/119')})
+        b = message.pack({"prefix": IPv6Network("1::/119")})
         self.assertEqual(len(b), 21)
-        b = message.pack({'prefix': IPv4Network(u'1.1.0.0/16')})
+        b = message.pack({"prefix": IPv4Network("1.1.0.0/16")})
         self.assertEqual(len(b), 21)
 
     def test_zero_vla(self):
-        '''Default zero'ed out for VLAs'''
-        list = VPPType('vl_api_list_t',
-                       [['u8', 'count', 10]])
+        """Default zero'ed out for VLAs"""
+        list = VPPType("vl_api_list_t", [["u8", "count", 10]])
 
         # Define an embedded VLA type
-        valist = VPPType('vl_api_valist_t',
-                         [['u8', 'count'],
-                          ['u8', 'string', 0, 'count']])
+        valist = VPPType(
+            "vl_api_valist_t", [["u8", "count"], ["u8", "string", 0, "count"]]
+        )
         # Define a message
-        vamessage = VPPMessage('vamsg',
-                               [['vl_api_valist_t', 'valist'],
-                                ['u8', 'is_something']])
+        vamessage = VPPMessage(
+            "vamsg", [["vl_api_valist_t", "valist"], ["u8", "is_something"]]
+        )
 
-        message = VPPMessage('msg',
-                             [['vl_api_list_t', 'list'],
-                              ['u8', 'is_something']])
+        message = VPPMessage("msg", [["vl_api_list_t", "list"], ["u8", "is_something"]])
 
         # Pack message without VLA specified
-        b = message.pack({'is_something': 1})
-        b = vamessage.pack({'is_something': 1})
+        b = message.pack({"is_something": 1})
+        b = vamessage.pack({"is_something": 1})
 
     def test_arrays(self):
         # Test cases
@@ -382,254 +380,275 @@ class TestAddType(unittest.TestCase):
         # 2. Fixed list of variable length sub type
         # 3. Variable length type
         #
-        s = VPPType('str', [['u32', 'length'],
-                            ['u8', 'string', 0, 'length']])
+        s = VPPType("str", [["u32", "length"], ["u8", "string", 0, "length"]])
 
-        ip4 = VPPType('ip4_address', [['u8', 'address', 4]])
-        listip4 = VPPType('list_ip4_t', [['ip4_address', 'addresses', 4]])
-        valistip4 = VPPType('list_ip4_t',
-                            [['u8', 'count'],
-                             ['ip4_address', 'addresses', 0, 'count']])
+        ip4 = VPPType("ip4_address", [["u8", "address", 4]])
+        listip4 = VPPType("list_ip4_t", [["ip4_address", "addresses", 4]])
+        valistip4 = VPPType(
+            "list_ip4_t", [["u8", "count"], ["ip4_address", "addresses", 0, "count"]]
+        )
 
-        valistip4_legacy = VPPType('list_ip4_t',
-                                   [['u8', 'foo'],
-                                    ['ip4_address', 'addresses', 0]])
+        valistip4_legacy = VPPType(
+            "list_ip4_t", [["u8", "foo"], ["ip4_address", "addresses", 0]]
+        )
 
         addresses = []
         for i in range(4):
-            addresses.append({'address': inet_pton(AF_INET, '2.2.2.2')})
-        b = listip4.pack({'addresses': addresses})
+            addresses.append({"address": inet_pton(AF_INET, "2.2.2.2")})
+        b = listip4.pack({"addresses": addresses})
         self.assertEqual(len(b), 16)
         nt, size = listip4.unpack(b)
-        self.assertEqual(nt.addresses[0].address,
-                         inet_pton(AF_INET, '2.2.2.2'))
+        self.assertEqual(nt.addresses[0].address, inet_pton(AF_INET, "2.2.2.2"))
 
-        b = valistip4.pack({'count': len(addresses), 'addresses': addresses})
+        b = valistip4.pack({"count": len(addresses), "addresses": addresses})
         self.assertEqual(len(b), 17)
 
         nt, size = valistip4.unpack(b)
         self.assertEqual(nt.count, 4)
-        self.assertEqual(nt.addresses[0].address,
-                         inet_pton(AF_INET, '2.2.2.2'))
+        self.assertEqual(nt.addresses[0].address, inet_pton(AF_INET, "2.2.2.2"))
 
-        b = valistip4_legacy.pack({'foo': 1, 'addresses': addresses})
+        b = valistip4_legacy.pack({"foo": 1, "addresses": addresses})
         self.assertEqual(len(b), 17)
         nt, size = valistip4_legacy.unpack(b)
         self.assertEqual(len(nt.addresses), 4)
-        self.assertEqual(nt.addresses[0].address,
-                         inet_pton(AF_INET, '2.2.2.2'))
+        self.assertEqual(nt.addresses[0].address, inet_pton(AF_INET, "2.2.2.2"))
 
-        string = 'foobar foobar'
-        b = s.pack({'length': len(string), 'string': string.encode('utf-8')})
+        string = "foobar foobar"
+        b = s.pack({"length": len(string), "string": string.encode("utf-8")})
         nt, size = s.unpack(b)
         self.assertEqual(len(b), size)
 
     def test_string(self):
-        s = VPPType('str', [['u32', 'length'],
-                            ['u8', 'string', 0, 'length']])
+        s = VPPType("str", [["u32", "length"], ["u8", "string", 0, "length"]])
 
-        string = ''
-        b = s.pack({'length': len(string), 'string': string.encode('utf-8')})
+        string = ""
+        b = s.pack({"length": len(string), "string": string.encode("utf-8")})
         nt, size = s.unpack(b)
         self.assertEqual(len(b), size)
 
     def test_message(self):
-        foo = VPPMessage('foo', [['u16', '_vl_msg_id'],
-                                 ['u8', 'client_index'],
-                                 ['u8', 'something'],
-                                 {"crc": "0x559b9f3c"}])
-        b = foo.pack({'_vl_msg_id': 1, 'client_index': 5,
-                      'something': 200})
+        foo = VPPMessage(
+            "foo",
+            [
+                ["u16", "_vl_msg_id"],
+                ["u8", "client_index"],
+                ["u8", "something"],
+                {"crc": "0x559b9f3c"},
+            ],
+        )
+        b = foo.pack({"_vl_msg_id": 1, "client_index": 5, "something": 200})
         nt, size = foo.unpack(b)
         self.assertEqual(len(b), size)
         self.assertEqual(nt.something, 200)
 
     def test_abf(self):
 
-        fib_mpls_label = VPPType('vl_api_fib_mpls_label_t',
-                                 [['u8', 'is_uniform'],
-                                  ['u32', 'label'],
-                                  ['u8', 'ttl'],
-                                  ['u8', 'exp']])
+        fib_mpls_label = VPPType(
+            "vl_api_fib_mpls_label_t",
+            [["u8", "is_uniform"], ["u32", "label"], ["u8", "ttl"], ["u8", "exp"]],
+        )
 
-        label_stack = {'is_uniform': 0,
-                       'label': 0,
-                       'ttl': 0,
-                       'exp': 0}
+        label_stack = {"is_uniform": 0, "label": 0, "ttl": 0, "exp": 0}
 
         b = fib_mpls_label.pack(label_stack)
         self.assertEqual(len(b), 7)
 
-        fib_path = VPPType('vl_api_fib_path_t',
-                           [['u32', 'sw_if_index'],
-                            ['u32', 'table_id'],
-                            ['u8', 'weight'],
-                            ['u8', 'preference'],
-                            ['u8', 'is_local'],
-                            ['u8', 'is_drop'],
-                            ['u8', 'is_udp_encap'],
-                            ['u8', 'is_unreach'],
-                            ['u8', 'is_prohibit'],
-                            ['u8', 'is_resolve_host'],
-                            ['u8', 'is_resolve_attached'],
-                            ['u8', 'is_dvr'],
-                            ['u8', 'is_source_lookup'],
-                            ['u8', 'afi'],
-                            ['u8', 'next_hop', 16],
-                            ['u32', 'next_hop_id'],
-                            ['u32', 'rpf_id'],
-                            ['u32', 'via_label'],
-                            ['u8', 'n_labels'],
-                            ['vl_api_fib_mpls_label_t', 'label_stack', 16]])
+        fib_path = VPPType(
+            "vl_api_fib_path_t",
+            [
+                ["u32", "sw_if_index"],
+                ["u32", "table_id"],
+                ["u8", "weight"],
+                ["u8", "preference"],
+                ["u8", "is_local"],
+                ["u8", "is_drop"],
+                ["u8", "is_udp_encap"],
+                ["u8", "is_unreach"],
+                ["u8", "is_prohibit"],
+                ["u8", "is_resolve_host"],
+                ["u8", "is_resolve_attached"],
+                ["u8", "is_dvr"],
+                ["u8", "is_source_lookup"],
+                ["u8", "afi"],
+                ["u8", "next_hop", 16],
+                ["u32", "next_hop_id"],
+                ["u32", "rpf_id"],
+                ["u32", "via_label"],
+                ["u8", "n_labels"],
+                ["vl_api_fib_mpls_label_t", "label_stack", 16],
+            ],
+        )
         label_stack_list = []
         for i in range(16):
             label_stack_list.append(label_stack)
 
-        paths = {'is_udp_encap': 0,
-                 'next_hop': b'\x10\x02\x02\xac',
-                 'table_id': 0,
-                 'afi': 0,
-                 'weight': 1,
-                 'next_hop_id': 4294967295,
-                 'label_stack': label_stack_list,
-                 'n_labels': 0,
-                 'sw_if_index': 4294967295,
-                 'preference': 0}
+        paths = {
+            "is_udp_encap": 0,
+            "next_hop": b"\x10\x02\x02\xac",
+            "table_id": 0,
+            "afi": 0,
+            "weight": 1,
+            "next_hop_id": 4294967295,
+            "label_stack": label_stack_list,
+            "n_labels": 0,
+            "sw_if_index": 4294967295,
+            "preference": 0,
+        }
 
         b = fib_path.pack(paths)
-        self.assertEqual(len(b), (7*16) + 49)
+        self.assertEqual(len(b), (7 * 16) + 49)
 
-        abf_policy = VPPType('vl_api_abf_policy_t',
-                             [['u32', 'policy_id'],
-                              ['u32', 'acl_index'],
-                              ['u8', 'n_paths'],
-                              ['vl_api_fib_path_t', 'paths', 0, 'n_paths']])
+        abf_policy = VPPType(
+            "vl_api_abf_policy_t",
+            [
+                ["u32", "policy_id"],
+                ["u32", "acl_index"],
+                ["u8", "n_paths"],
+                ["vl_api_fib_path_t", "paths", 0, "n_paths"],
+            ],
+        )
 
-        policy = {
-            'n_paths': 1,
-            'paths': [paths],
-            'acl_index': 0,
-            'policy_id': 10}
+        policy = {"n_paths": 1, "paths": [paths], "acl_index": 0, "policy_id": 10}
 
         b = abf_policy.pack(policy)
-        self.assertEqual(len(b), (7*16) + 49 + 9)
+        self.assertEqual(len(b), (7 * 16) + 49 + 9)
 
-        abf_policy_add_del = VPPMessage('abf_policy_add_del',
-                                        [['u16', '_vl_msg_id'],
-                                         ['u32', 'client_index'],
-                                         ['u32', 'context'],
-                                         ['u8', 'is_add'],
-                                         ['vl_api_abf_policy_t', 'policy']])
+        abf_policy_add_del = VPPMessage(
+            "abf_policy_add_del",
+            [
+                ["u16", "_vl_msg_id"],
+                ["u32", "client_index"],
+                ["u32", "context"],
+                ["u8", "is_add"],
+                ["vl_api_abf_policy_t", "policy"],
+            ],
+        )
 
-        b = abf_policy_add_del.pack({'is_add': 1,
-                                     'context': 66,
-                                     '_vl_msg_id': 1066,
-                                     'policy': policy})
+        b = abf_policy_add_del.pack(
+            {"is_add": 1, "context": 66, "_vl_msg_id": 1066, "policy": policy}
+        )
 
         nt, size = abf_policy_add_del.unpack(b)
-        self.assertEqual(nt.policy.paths[0].next_hop,
-                         b'\x10\x02\x02\xac\x00\x00\x00\x00'
-                         b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            nt.policy.paths[0].next_hop,
+            b"\x10\x02\x02\xac\x00\x00\x00\x00" b"\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00",
+        )
 
     def test_bier(self):
 
-        bier_table_id = VPPType('vl_api_bier_table_id_t',
-                                [['u8', 'bt_set'],
-                                 ['u8', 'bt_sub_domain'],
-                                 ['u8', 'bt_hdr_len_id']])
+        bier_table_id = VPPType(
+            "vl_api_bier_table_id_t",
+            [["u8", "bt_set"], ["u8", "bt_sub_domain"], ["u8", "bt_hdr_len_id"]],
+        )
 
-        bier_imp_add = VPPMessage('bier_imp_add',
-                                  [['u32', 'client_index'],
-                                   ['u32', 'context'],
-                                   ['vl_api_bier_table_id_t', 'bi_tbl_id'],
-                                   ['u16', 'bi_src'],
-                                   ['u8', 'bi_n_bytes'],
-                                   ['u8', 'bi_bytes', 0, 'bi_n_bytes']])
+        bier_imp_add = VPPMessage(
+            "bier_imp_add",
+            [
+                ["u32", "client_index"],
+                ["u32", "context"],
+                ["vl_api_bier_table_id_t", "bi_tbl_id"],
+                ["u16", "bi_src"],
+                ["u8", "bi_n_bytes"],
+                ["u8", "bi_bytes", 0, "bi_n_bytes"],
+            ],
+        )
 
-        table_id = {'bt_set': 0,
-                    'bt_sub_domain': 0,
-                    'bt_hdr_len_id': 0}
+        table_id = {"bt_set": 0, "bt_sub_domain": 0, "bt_hdr_len_id": 0}
 
-        bibytes = b'foobar'
+        bibytes = b"foobar"
 
-        b = bier_imp_add.pack({'bi_tbl_id': table_id,
-                               'bi_n_bytes': len(bibytes),
-                               'bi_bytes': bibytes})
+        b = bier_imp_add.pack(
+            {"bi_tbl_id": table_id, "bi_n_bytes": len(bibytes), "bi_bytes": bibytes}
+        )
 
         self.assertEqual(len(b), 20)
 
     def test_lisp(self):
-        VPPEnumType('vl_api_eid_type_t',
-                    [["EID_TYPE_API_PREFIX", 0],
-                     ["EID_TYPE_API_MAC", 1],
-                     ["EID_TYPE_API_NSH", 2],
-                     {"enumtype": "u32"}])
+        VPPEnumType(
+            "vl_api_eid_type_t",
+            [
+                ["EID_TYPE_API_PREFIX", 0],
+                ["EID_TYPE_API_MAC", 1],
+                ["EID_TYPE_API_NSH", 2],
+                {"enumtype": "u32"},
+            ],
+        )
 
-        VPPTypeAlias('vl_api_mac_address_t', {'type': 'u8',
-                                              'length': 6})
+        VPPTypeAlias("vl_api_mac_address_t", {"type": "u8", "length": 6})
 
-        VPPType('vl_api_nsh_t',
-                [["u32", "spi"],
-                 ["u8", "si"]])
+        VPPType("vl_api_nsh_t", [["u32", "spi"], ["u8", "si"]])
 
-        VPPEnumType('vl_api_address_family_t', [["ADDRESS_IP4", 0],
-                                                ["ADDRESS_IP6", 1],
-                                                {"enumtype": "u32"}])
-        VPPTypeAlias('vl_api_ip4_address_t', {'type': 'u8',
-                                              'length': 4})
-        VPPTypeAlias('vl_api_ip6_address_t', {'type': 'u8',
-                                              'length': 16})
-        VPPUnionType('vl_api_address_union_t',
-                     [["vl_api_ip4_address_t", "ip4"],
-                      ["vl_api_ip6_address_t", "ip6"]])
+        VPPEnumType(
+            "vl_api_address_family_t",
+            [["ADDRESS_IP4", 0], ["ADDRESS_IP6", 1], {"enumtype": "u32"}],
+        )
+        VPPTypeAlias("vl_api_ip4_address_t", {"type": "u8", "length": 4})
+        VPPTypeAlias("vl_api_ip6_address_t", {"type": "u8", "length": 16})
+        VPPUnionType(
+            "vl_api_address_union_t",
+            [["vl_api_ip4_address_t", "ip4"], ["vl_api_ip6_address_t", "ip6"]],
+        )
 
-        VPPType('vl_api_address_t',
-                [['vl_api_address_family_t', 'af'],
-                 ['vl_api_address_union_t', 'un']])
+        VPPType(
+            "vl_api_address_t",
+            [["vl_api_address_family_t", "af"], ["vl_api_address_union_t", "un"]],
+        )
 
-        VPPType('vl_api_prefix_t',
-                [['vl_api_address_t', 'address'],
-                 ['u8', 'len']])
+        VPPType("vl_api_prefix_t", [["vl_api_address_t", "address"], ["u8", "len"]])
 
-        VPPUnionType('vl_api_eid_address_t',
-                     [["vl_api_prefix_t", "prefix"],
-                      ["vl_api_mac_address_t", "mac"],
-                      ["vl_api_nsh_t", "nsh"]])
+        VPPUnionType(
+            "vl_api_eid_address_t",
+            [
+                ["vl_api_prefix_t", "prefix"],
+                ["vl_api_mac_address_t", "mac"],
+                ["vl_api_nsh_t", "nsh"],
+            ],
+        )
 
-        eid = VPPType('vl_api_eid_t',
-                      [["vl_api_eid_type_t", "type"],
-                       ["vl_api_eid_address_t", "address"]])
+        eid = VPPType(
+            "vl_api_eid_t",
+            [["vl_api_eid_type_t", "type"], ["vl_api_eid_address_t", "address"]],
+        )
 
-        b = eid.pack({'type':1,
-                      'address': {
-                          'mac': MACAddress('aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff')}})
+        b = eid.pack({"type": 1, "address": {"mac": MACAddress("aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff")}})
         self.assertEqual(len(b), 25)
         nt, size = eid.unpack(b)
-        self.assertEqual(str(nt.address.mac), 'aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff')
+        self.assertEqual(str(nt.address.mac), "aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff")
         self.assertIsNone(nt.address.prefix)
 
 
 class TestVppSerializerLogging(unittest.TestCase):
-
     def test_logger(self):
         # test logger name 'vpp_papi.serializer'
         with self.assertRaises(VPPSerializerValueError) as ctx:
-            with self.assertLogs('vpp_papi.serializer', level='DEBUG') as cm:
-                u = VPPUnionType('vl_api_eid_address_t',
-                                 [["vl_api_prefix_t", "prefix"],
-                                  ["vl_api_mac_address_t", "mac"],
-                                  ["vl_api_nsh_t", "nsh"]])
-        self.assertEqual(cm.output, ["DEBUG:vpp_papi.serializer:Unknown union type vl_api_prefix_t"])
+            with self.assertLogs("vpp_papi.serializer", level="DEBUG") as cm:
+                u = VPPUnionType(
+                    "vl_api_eid_address_t",
+                    [
+                        ["vl_api_prefix_t", "prefix"],
+                        ["vl_api_mac_address_t", "mac"],
+                        ["vl_api_nsh_t", "nsh"],
+                    ],
+                )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            cm.output, ["DEBUG:vpp_papi.serializer:Unknown union type vl_api_prefix_t"]
+        )
 
         # test parent logger name 'vpp_papi'
         with self.assertRaises(VPPSerializerValueError) as ctx:
-            with self.assertLogs('vpp_papi', level='DEBUG') as cm:
-                u = VPPUnionType('vl_api_eid_address_t',
-                                 [["vl_api_prefix_t", "prefix"],
-                                  ["vl_api_mac_address_t", "mac"],
-                                  ["vl_api_nsh_t", "nsh"]])
-        self.assertEqual(cm.output, ["DEBUG:vpp_papi.serializer:Unknown union type vl_api_prefix_t"])
+            with self.assertLogs("vpp_papi", level="DEBUG") as cm:
+                u = VPPUnionType(
+                    "vl_api_eid_address_t",
+                    [
+                        ["vl_api_prefix_t", "prefix"],
+                        ["vl_api_mac_address_t", "mac"],
+                        ["vl_api_nsh_t", "nsh"],
+                    ],
+                )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            cm.output, ["DEBUG:vpp_papi.serializer:Unknown union type vl_api_prefix_t"]
+        )
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/vpp_format.py b/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/vpp_format.py
index 0b85eb4fcb6..f80a781c753 100644
--- a/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/vpp_format.py
+++ b/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/vpp_format.py
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ ADDRESS_IP6 = 1
 
 
 def verify_enum_hint(e):
-    return (e.ADDRESS_IP4.value == ADDRESS_IP4) and\
-           (e.ADDRESS_IP6.value == ADDRESS_IP6)
+    return (e.ADDRESS_IP4.value == ADDRESS_IP4) and (e.ADDRESS_IP6.value == ADDRESS_IP6)
+
 
 #
 # Type conversion for input arguments and return values
@@ -35,146 +35,128 @@ def verify_enum_hint(e):
 
 def format_vl_api_address_t(args):
     try:
-        return {'un': {'ip6': inet_pton(AF_INET6, args)},
-                'af': ADDRESS_IP6}
+        return {"un": {"ip6": inet_pton(AF_INET6, args)}, "af": ADDRESS_IP6}
     # PY2: raises socket.error
     # PY3: raises OSError
     except (socket.error, OSError):
-        return {'un': {'ip4': inet_pton(AF_INET, args)},
-                'af': ADDRESS_IP4}
+        return {"un": {"ip4": inet_pton(AF_INET, args)}, "af": ADDRESS_IP4}
 
 
 def format_vl_api_prefix_t(args):
     if isinstance(args, (ipaddress.IPv4Network, ipaddress.IPv6Network)):
-        return {'address': format_vl_api_address_t(
-            str(args.network_address)),
-                'len': int(args.prefixlen)}
-    p, length = args.split('/')
-    return {'address': format_vl_api_address_t(p),
-            'len': int(length)}
+        return {
+            "address": format_vl_api_address_t(str(args.network_address)),
+            "len": int(args.prefixlen),
+        }
+    p, length = args.split("/")
+    return {"address": format_vl_api_address_t(p), "len": int(length)}
 
 
 def format_vl_api_address_with_prefix_t(args):
     if isinstance(args, (ipaddress.IPv4Interface, ipaddress.IPv6Interface)):
-        return {'address': format_vl_api_address_t(
-            str(args.network_address)),
-                'len': int(args.prefixlen)}
-    p, length = args.split('/')
-    return {'address': format_vl_api_address_t(p),
-            'len': int(length)}
+        return {
+            "address": format_vl_api_address_t(str(args.network_address)),
+            "len": int(args.prefixlen),
+        }
+    p, length = args.split("/")
+    return {"address": format_vl_api_address_t(p), "len": int(length)}
 
 
 def format_vl_api_ip6_prefix_t(args):
     if isinstance(args, ipaddress.IPv6Network):
-        return {'address': args.network_address.packed,
-                'len': int(args.prefixlen)}
-    p, length = args.split('/')
-    return {'address': inet_pton(AF_INET6, p),
-            'len': int(length)}
+        return {"address": args.network_address.packed, "len": int(args.prefixlen)}
+    p, length = args.split("/")
+    return {"address": inet_pton(AF_INET6, p), "len": int(length)}
 
 
 def format_vl_api_ip6_address_with_prefix_t(args):
     if isinstance(args, ipaddress.IPv6Interface):
-        return {'address': args.network_address.packed,
-                'len': int(args.prefixlen)}
-    p, length = args.split('/')
-    return {'address': inet_pton(AF_INET6, p),
-            'len': int(length)}
+        return {"address": args.network_address.packed, "len": int(args.prefixlen)}
+    p, length = args.split("/")
+    return {"address": inet_pton(AF_INET6, p), "len": int(length)}
 
 
 def format_vl_api_ip4_prefix_t(args):
     if isinstance(args, ipaddress.IPv4Network):
-        return {'address': args.network_address.packed,
-                'len': int(args.prefixlen)}
-    p, length = args.split('/')
-    return {'address': inet_pton(AF_INET, p),
-            'len': int(length)}
+        return {"address": args.network_address.packed, "len": int(args.prefixlen)}
+    p, length = args.split("/")
+    return {"address": inet_pton(AF_INET, p), "len": int(length)}
 
 
 def format_vl_api_ip4_address_with_prefix_t(args):
     if isinstance(args, ipaddress.IPv4Interface):
-        return {'address': args.network_address.packed,
-                'len': int(args.prefixlen)}
-    p, length = args.split('/')
-    return {'address': inet_pton(AF_INET, p),
-            'len': int(length)}
+        return {"address": args.network_address.packed, "len": int(args.prefixlen)}
+    p, length = args.split("/")
+    return {"address": inet_pton(AF_INET, p), "len": int(length)}
 
 
 conversion_table = {
-    'vl_api_ip6_address_t':
-    {
-        'IPv6Address': lambda o: o.packed,
-        'str': lambda s: inet_pton(AF_INET6, s)
+    "vl_api_ip6_address_t": {
+        "IPv6Address": lambda o: o.packed,
+        "str": lambda s: inet_pton(AF_INET6, s),
     },
-    'vl_api_ip4_address_t':
-    {
-        'IPv4Address': lambda o: o.packed,
-        'str': lambda s: inet_pton(AF_INET, s)
+    "vl_api_ip4_address_t": {
+        "IPv4Address": lambda o: o.packed,
+        "str": lambda s: inet_pton(AF_INET, s),
     },
-    'vl_api_ip6_prefix_t':
-    {
-        'IPv6Network': lambda o: {'address': o.network_address.packed,
-                                  'len': o.prefixlen},
-        'str': lambda s: format_vl_api_ip6_prefix_t(s)
+    "vl_api_ip6_prefix_t": {
+        "IPv6Network": lambda o: {
+            "address": o.network_address.packed,
+            "len": o.prefixlen,
+        },
+        "str": lambda s: format_vl_api_ip6_prefix_t(s),
     },
-    'vl_api_ip4_prefix_t':
-    {
-        'IPv4Network': lambda o: {'address': o.network_address.packed,
-                                  'len': o.prefixlen},
-        'str': lambda s: format_vl_api_ip4_prefix_t(s)
+    "vl_api_ip4_prefix_t": {
+        "IPv4Network": lambda o: {
+            "address": o.network_address.packed,
+            "len": o.prefixlen,
+        },
+        "str": lambda s: format_vl_api_ip4_prefix_t(s),
     },
-    'vl_api_address_t':
-    {
-        'IPv4Address': lambda o: {'af': ADDRESS_IP4, 'un': {'ip4': o.packed}},
-        'IPv6Address': lambda o: {'af': ADDRESS_IP6, 'un': {'ip6': o.packed}},
-        'str': lambda s: format_vl_api_address_t(s)
+    "vl_api_address_t": {
+        "IPv4Address": lambda o: {"af": ADDRESS_IP4, "un": {"ip4": o.packed}},
+        "IPv6Address": lambda o: {"af": ADDRESS_IP6, "un": {"ip6": o.packed}},
+        "str": lambda s: format_vl_api_address_t(s),
     },
-    'vl_api_prefix_t':
-    {
-        'IPv4Network': lambda o: {'address':
-                                  {'af': ADDRESS_IP4, 'un':
-                                   {'ip4': o.network_address.packed}},
-                                  'len': o.prefixlen},
-        'IPv6Network': lambda o: {'address':
-                                  {'af': ADDRESS_IP6, 'un':
-                                   {'ip6': o.network_address.packed}},
-                                  'len': o.prefixlen},
-        'str': lambda s: format_vl_api_prefix_t(s)
+    "vl_api_prefix_t": {
+        "IPv4Network": lambda o: {
+            "address": {"af": ADDRESS_IP4, "un": {"ip4": o.network_address.packed}},
+            "len": o.prefixlen,
+        },
+        "IPv6Network": lambda o: {
+            "address": {"af": ADDRESS_IP6, "un": {"ip6": o.network_address.packed}},
+            "len": o.prefixlen,
+        },
+        "str": lambda s: format_vl_api_prefix_t(s),
     },
-    'vl_api_address_with_prefix_t':
-    {
-        'IPv4Interface': lambda o: {'address':
-                                    {'af': ADDRESS_IP4, 'un':
-                                     {'ip4': o.packed}},
-                                    'len': o.network.prefixlen},
-        'IPv6Interface': lambda o: {'address':
-                                    {'af': ADDRESS_IP6, 'un':
-                                     {'ip6': o.packed}},
-                                    'len': o.network.prefixlen},
-        'str': lambda s: format_vl_api_address_with_prefix_t(s)
+    "vl_api_address_with_prefix_t": {
+        "IPv4Interface": lambda o: {
+            "address": {"af": ADDRESS_IP4, "un": {"ip4": o.packed}},
+            "len": o.network.prefixlen,
+        },
+        "IPv6Interface": lambda o: {
+            "address": {"af": ADDRESS_IP6, "un": {"ip6": o.packed}},
+            "len": o.network.prefixlen,
+        },
+        "str": lambda s: format_vl_api_address_with_prefix_t(s),
     },
-    'vl_api_ip4_address_with_prefix_t':
-    {
-        'IPv4Interface': lambda o: {'address': o.packed,
-                                    'len': o.network.prefixlen},
-        'str': lambda s: format_vl_api_ip4_address_with_prefix_t(s)
+    "vl_api_ip4_address_with_prefix_t": {
+        "IPv4Interface": lambda o: {"address": o.packed, "len": o.network.prefixlen},
+        "str": lambda s: format_vl_api_ip4_address_with_prefix_t(s),
     },
-    'vl_api_ip6_address_with_prefix_t':
-    {
-        'IPv6Interface': lambda o: {'address': o.packed,
-                                    'len': o.network.prefixlen},
-        'str': lambda s: format_vl_api_ip6_address_with_prefix_t(s)
+    "vl_api_ip6_address_with_prefix_t": {
+        "IPv6Interface": lambda o: {"address": o.packed, "len": o.network.prefixlen},
+        "str": lambda s: format_vl_api_ip6_address_with_prefix_t(s),
     },
-    'vl_api_mac_address_t':
-    {
-        'MACAddress': lambda o: o.packed,
-        'str': lambda s: macaddress.mac_pton(s)
+    "vl_api_mac_address_t": {
+        "MACAddress": lambda o: o.packed,
+        "str": lambda s: macaddress.mac_pton(s),
+    },
+    "vl_api_timestamp_t": {
+        "datetime.datetime": lambda o: (
+            o - datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 1)
+        ).total_seconds()
     },
-    'vl_api_timestamp_t':
-    {
-        'datetime.datetime': lambda o:
-        (o - datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 1)).total_seconds()
-    }
 }
 
 
@@ -197,7 +179,7 @@ def unformat_api_prefix_t(o):
         return ipaddress.IPv4Network((o.address, o.len), False)
     if isinstance(o.address, ipaddress.IPv6Address):
         return ipaddress.IPv6Network((o.address, o.len), False)
-    raise ValueError('Unknown instance {}', format(o))
+    raise ValueError("Unknown instance {}", format(o))
 
 
 def unformat_api_address_with_prefix_t(o):
@@ -217,16 +199,20 @@ def unformat_api_ip6_address_with_prefix_t(o):
 
 
 conversion_unpacker_table = {
-    'vl_api_ip6_address_t': lambda o: ipaddress.IPv6Address(o),
-    'vl_api_ip6_prefix_t': lambda o: ipaddress.IPv6Network((o.address, o.len)),
-    'vl_api_ip4_address_t': lambda o: ipaddress.IPv4Address(o),
-    'vl_api_ip4_prefix_t': lambda o: ipaddress.IPv4Network((o.address, o.len)),
-    'vl_api_address_t': lambda o: unformat_api_address_t(o),
-    'vl_api_prefix_t': lambda o: unformat_api_prefix_t(o),
-    'vl_api_address_with_prefix_t': lambda o: unformat_api_address_with_prefix_t(o),
-    'vl_api_ip4_address_with_prefix_t': lambda o: unformat_api_ip4_address_with_prefix_t(o),
-    'vl_api_ip6_address_with_prefix_t': lambda o: unformat_api_ip6_address_with_prefix_t(o),
-    'vl_api_mac_address_t': lambda o: macaddress.MACAddress(o),
-    'vl_api_timestamp_t': lambda o: datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(o),
-    'vl_api_timedelta_t': lambda o: datetime.timedelta(seconds=o),
+    "vl_api_ip6_address_t": lambda o: ipaddress.IPv6Address(o),
+    "vl_api_ip6_prefix_t": lambda o: ipaddress.IPv6Network((o.address, o.len)),
+    "vl_api_ip4_address_t": lambda o: ipaddress.IPv4Address(o),
+    "vl_api_ip4_prefix_t": lambda o: ipaddress.IPv4Network((o.address, o.len)),
+    "vl_api_address_t": lambda o: unformat_api_address_t(o),
+    "vl_api_prefix_t": lambda o: unformat_api_prefix_t(o),
+    "vl_api_address_with_prefix_t": lambda o: unformat_api_address_with_prefix_t(o),
+    "vl_api_ip4_address_with_prefix_t": lambda o: unformat_api_ip4_address_with_prefix_t(
+        o
+    ),
+    "vl_api_ip6_address_with_prefix_t": lambda o: unformat_api_ip6_address_with_prefix_t(
+        o
+    ),
+    "vl_api_mac_address_t": lambda o: macaddress.MACAddress(o),
+    "vl_api_timestamp_t": lambda o: datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(o),
+    "vl_api_timedelta_t": lambda o: datetime.timedelta(seconds=o),
 }
diff --git a/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/vpp_papi.py b/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/vpp_papi.py
index 3465f503e9e..1e5d23e59b7 100644
--- a/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/vpp_papi.py
+++ b/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/vpp_papi.py
@@ -30,13 +30,14 @@ import fnmatch
 import weakref
 import atexit
 import time
-from . vpp_format import verify_enum_hint
-from . vpp_serializer import VPPType, VPPEnumType, VPPEnumFlagType, VPPUnionType
-from . vpp_serializer import VPPMessage, vpp_get_type, VPPTypeAlias
+from .vpp_format import verify_enum_hint
+from .vpp_serializer import VPPType, VPPEnumType, VPPEnumFlagType, VPPUnionType
+from .vpp_serializer import VPPMessage, vpp_get_type, VPPTypeAlias
 
 try:
     import VppTransport
 except ModuleNotFoundError:
+
     class V:
         """placeholder for VppTransport as the implementation is dependent on
         VPPAPIClient's initialization values
@@ -44,15 +45,22 @@ except ModuleNotFoundError:
 
     VppTransport = V
 
-from . vpp_transport_socket import VppTransport
+from .vpp_transport_socket import VppTransport
 
-logger = logging.getLogger('vpp_papi')
+logger = logging.getLogger("vpp_papi")
 logger.addHandler(logging.NullHandler())
 
-__all__ = ('FuncWrapper', 'VppApiDynamicMethodHolder',
-           'VppEnum', 'VppEnumType', 'VppEnumFlag',
-           'VPPIOError', 'VPPRuntimeError', 'VPPValueError',
-           'VPPApiClient', )
+__all__ = (
+    "FuncWrapper",
+    "VppApiDynamicMethodHolder",
+    "VppEnum",
+    "VppEnumType",
+    "VppEnumFlag",
+    "VPPIOError",
+    "VPPRuntimeError",
+    "VPPValueError",
+    "VPPApiClient",
+)
 
 
 def metaclass(metaclass):
@@ -83,7 +91,7 @@ def vpp_atexit(vpp_weakref):
     """Clean up VPP connection on shutdown."""
     vpp_instance = vpp_weakref()
     if vpp_instance and vpp_instance.transport.connected:
-        logger.debug('Cleaning up VPP on exit')
+        logger.debug("Cleaning up VPP on exit")
         vpp_instance.disconnect()
 
 
@@ -98,9 +106,9 @@ def add_convenience_methods():
 
     def _vapi_af_name(self):
         if 6 == self._version:
-            return 'ip6'
+            return "ip6"
         if 4 == self._version:
-            return 'ip4'
+            return "ip4"
         raise ValueError("Invalid _version.")
 
     ipaddress._IPAddressBase.vapi_af = property(_vapi_af)
@@ -121,7 +129,7 @@ class FuncWrapper:
         return self._func(**kwargs)
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return ')>' % (self.__name__, self.__doc__)
+        return ")>" % (self.__name__, self.__doc__)
 
 
 class VPPApiError(Exception):
@@ -161,7 +169,8 @@ class VPPApiJSONFiles:
         # perhaps we're in the 'src/scripts' or 'src/vpp-api/python' dir;
         # in which case, plot a course to likely places in the src tree
         import __main__ as main
-        if hasattr(main, '__file__'):
+
+        if hasattr(main, "__file__"):
             # get the path of the calling script
             localdir = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(main.__file__))
         else:
@@ -171,7 +180,7 @@ class VPPApiJSONFiles:
 
         def dmatch(dir):
             """Match dir against right-hand components of the script dir"""
-            d = dir.split('/')  # param 'dir' assumes a / separator
+            d = dir.split("/")  # param 'dir' assumes a / separator
             length = len(d)
             return len(localdir_s) > length and localdir_s[-length:] == d
 
@@ -180,43 +189,45 @@ class VPPApiJSONFiles:
             'variant'  (typically '' or '_debug')"""
             # Since 'core' and 'plugin' files are staged
             # in separate directories, we target the parent dir.
-            return os.path.sep.join((
-                srcdir,
-                'build-root',
-                'install-vpp%s-native' % variant,
-                'vpp',
-                'share',
-                'vpp',
-                'api',
-            ))
+            return os.path.sep.join(
+                (
+                    srcdir,
+                    "build-root",
+                    "install-vpp%s-native" % variant,
+                    "vpp",
+                    "share",
+                    "vpp",
+                    "api",
+                )
+            )
 
         srcdir = None
-        if dmatch('src/scripts'):
+        if dmatch("src/scripts"):
             srcdir = os.path.sep.join(localdir_s[:-2])
-        elif dmatch('src/vpp-api/python'):
+        elif dmatch("src/vpp-api/python"):
             srcdir = os.path.sep.join(localdir_s[:-3])
-        elif dmatch('test'):
+        elif dmatch("test"):
             # we're apparently running tests
             srcdir = os.path.sep.join(localdir_s[:-1])
 
         if srcdir:
             # we're in the source tree, try both the debug and release
             # variants.
-            dirs.append(sdir(srcdir, '_debug'))
-            dirs.append(sdir(srcdir, ''))
+            dirs.append(sdir(srcdir, "_debug"))
+            dirs.append(sdir(srcdir, ""))
 
         # Test for staged copies of the scripts
         # For these, since we explicitly know if we're running a debug versus
         # release variant, target only the relevant directory
-        if dmatch('build-root/install-vpp_debug-native/vpp/bin'):
+        if dmatch("build-root/install-vpp_debug-native/vpp/bin"):
             srcdir = os.path.sep.join(localdir_s[:-4])
-            dirs.append(sdir(srcdir, '_debug'))
-        if dmatch('build-root/install-vpp-native/vpp/bin'):
+            dirs.append(sdir(srcdir, "_debug"))
+        if dmatch("build-root/install-vpp-native/vpp/bin"):
             srcdir = os.path.sep.join(localdir_s[:-4])
-            dirs.append(sdir(srcdir, ''))
+            dirs.append(sdir(srcdir, ""))
 
         # finally, try the location system packages typically install into
-        dirs.append(os.path.sep.join(('', 'usr', 'share', 'vpp', 'api')))
+        dirs.append(os.path.sep.join(("", "usr", "share", "vpp", "api")))
 
         # check the directories for existence; first one wins
         for dir in dirs:
@@ -226,7 +237,7 @@ class VPPApiJSONFiles:
         return None
 
     @classmethod
-    def find_api_files(cls, api_dir=None, patterns='*'):  # -> list
+    def find_api_files(cls, api_dir=None, patterns="*"):  # -> list
         """Find API definition files from the given directory tree with the
         given pattern. If no directory is given then find_api_dir() is used
         to locate one. If no pattern is given then all definition files found
@@ -252,9 +263,9 @@ class VPPApiJSONFiles:
                 raise VPPApiError("api_dir cannot be located")
 
         if isinstance(patterns, list) or isinstance(patterns, tuple):
-            patterns = [p.strip() + '.api.json' for p in patterns]
+            patterns = [p.strip() + ".api.json" for p in patterns]
         else:
-            patterns = [p.strip() + '.api.json' for p in patterns.split(",")]
+            patterns = [p.strip() + ".api.json" for p in patterns.split(",")]
 
         api_files = []
         for root, dirnames, files in os.walk(api_dir):
@@ -281,39 +292,39 @@ class VPPApiJSONFiles:
         services = {}
         messages = {}
         try:
-            for t in api['enums']:
-                t[0] = 'vl_api_' + t[0] + '_t'
-                types[t[0]] = {'type': 'enum', 'data': t}
+            for t in api["enums"]:
+                t[0] = "vl_api_" + t[0] + "_t"
+                types[t[0]] = {"type": "enum", "data": t}
         except KeyError:
             pass
         try:
-            for t in api['enumflags']:
-                t[0] = 'vl_api_' + t[0] + '_t'
-                types[t[0]] = {'type': 'enum', 'data': t}
+            for t in api["enumflags"]:
+                t[0] = "vl_api_" + t[0] + "_t"
+                types[t[0]] = {"type": "enum", "data": t}
         except KeyError:
             pass
         try:
-            for t in api['unions']:
-                t[0] = 'vl_api_' + t[0] + '_t'
-                types[t[0]] = {'type': 'union', 'data': t}
+            for t in api["unions"]:
+                t[0] = "vl_api_" + t[0] + "_t"
+                types[t[0]] = {"type": "union", "data": t}
         except KeyError:
             pass
 
         try:
-            for t in api['types']:
-                t[0] = 'vl_api_' + t[0] + '_t'
-                types[t[0]] = {'type': 'type', 'data': t}
+            for t in api["types"]:
+                t[0] = "vl_api_" + t[0] + "_t"
+                types[t[0]] = {"type": "type", "data": t}
         except KeyError:
             pass
 
         try:
-            for t, v in api['aliases'].items():
-                types['vl_api_' + t + '_t'] = {'type': 'alias', 'data': v}
+            for t, v in api["aliases"].items():
+                types["vl_api_" + t + "_t"] = {"type": "alias", "data": v}
         except KeyError:
             pass
 
         try:
-            services.update(api['services'])
+            services.update(api["services"])
         except KeyError:
             pass
 
@@ -321,30 +332,30 @@ class VPPApiJSONFiles:
         while True:
             unresolved = {}
             for k, v in types.items():
-                t = v['data']
+                t = v["data"]
                 if not vpp_get_type(k):
-                    if v['type'] == 'enum':
+                    if v["type"] == "enum":
                         try:
                             VPPEnumType(t[0], t[1:])
                         except ValueError:
                             unresolved[k] = v
                 if not vpp_get_type(k):
-                    if v['type'] == 'enumflag':
+                    if v["type"] == "enumflag":
                         try:
                             VPPEnumFlagType(t[0], t[1:])
                         except ValueError:
                             unresolved[k] = v
-                    elif v['type'] == 'union':
+                    elif v["type"] == "union":
                         try:
                             VPPUnionType(t[0], t[1:])
                         except ValueError:
                             unresolved[k] = v
-                    elif v['type'] == 'type':
+                    elif v["type"] == "type":
                         try:
                             VPPType(t[0], t[1:])
                         except ValueError:
                             unresolved[k] = v
-                    elif v['type'] == 'alias':
+                    elif v["type"] == "alias":
                         try:
                             VPPTypeAlias(k, t)
                         except ValueError:
@@ -352,17 +363,16 @@ class VPPApiJSONFiles:
             if len(unresolved) == 0:
                 break
             if i > 3:
-                raise VPPValueError('Unresolved type definitions {}'
-                                    .format(unresolved))
+                raise VPPValueError("Unresolved type definitions {}".format(unresolved))
             types = unresolved
             i += 1
         try:
-            for m in api['messages']:
+            for m in api["messages"]:
                 try:
                     messages[m[0]] = VPPMessage(m[0], m[1:])
                 except VPPNotImplementedError:
                     ### OLE FIXME
-                    logger.error('Not implemented error for {}'.format(m[0]))
+                    logger.error("Not implemented error for {}".format(m[0]))
         except KeyError:
             pass
         return messages, services
@@ -380,6 +390,7 @@ class VPPApiClient:
     provides a means to register a callback function to receive
     these messages in a background thread.
     """
+
     apidir = None
     VPPApiError = VPPApiError
     VPPRuntimeError = VPPRuntimeError
@@ -387,11 +398,18 @@ class VPPApiClient:
     VPPNotImplementedError = VPPNotImplementedError
     VPPIOError = VPPIOError
 
-
-    def __init__(self, *, apifiles=None, testmode=False, async_thread=True,
-                 logger=None, loglevel=None,
-                 read_timeout=5, use_socket=True,
-                 server_address='/run/vpp/api.sock'):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        apifiles=None,
+        testmode=False,
+        async_thread=True,
+        logger=None,
+        loglevel=None,
+        read_timeout=5,
+        use_socket=True,
+        server_address="/run/vpp/api.sock",
+    ):
         """Create a VPP API object.
 
         apifiles is a list of files containing API
@@ -406,7 +424,8 @@ class VPPApiClient:
         """
         if logger is None:
             logger = logging.getLogger(
-                "{}.{}".format(__name__, self.__class__.__name__))
+                "{}.{}".format(__name__, self.__class__.__name__)
+            )
             if loglevel is not None:
                 logger.setLevel(loglevel)
         self.logger = logger
@@ -415,8 +434,7 @@ class VPPApiClient:
         self.services = {}
         self.id_names = []
         self.id_msgdef = []
-        self.header = VPPType('header', [['u16', 'msgid'],
-                                         ['u32', 'client_index']])
+        self.header = VPPType("header", [["u16", "msgid"], ["u32", "client_index"]])
         self.apifiles = []
         self.event_callback = None
         self.message_queue = queue.Queue()
@@ -449,13 +467,13 @@ class VPPApiClient:
 
         # Basic sanity check
         if len(self.messages) == 0 and not testmode:
-            raise VPPValueError(1, 'Missing JSON message definitions')
-        if not(verify_enum_hint(VppEnum.vl_api_address_family_t)):
-            raise VPPRuntimeError("Invalid address family hints. "
-                                  "Cannot continue.")
+            raise VPPValueError(1, "Missing JSON message definitions")
+        if not (verify_enum_hint(VppEnum.vl_api_address_family_t)):
+            raise VPPRuntimeError("Invalid address family hints. " "Cannot continue.")
 
-        self.transport = VppTransport(self, read_timeout=read_timeout,
-                                      server_address=server_address)
+        self.transport = VppTransport(
+            self, read_timeout=read_timeout, server_address=server_address
+        )
         # Make sure we allow VPP to clean up the message rings.
         atexit.register(vpp_atexit, weakref.ref(self))
 
@@ -466,6 +484,7 @@ class VPPApiClient:
 
     class ContextId:
         """Multiprocessing-safe provider of unique context IDs."""
+
         def __init__(self):
             self.context = mp.Value(ctypes.c_uint, 0)
             self.lock = mp.Lock()
@@ -475,6 +494,7 @@ class VPPApiClient:
             with self.lock:
                 self.context.value += 1
                 return self.context.value
+
     get_context = ContextId()
 
     def get_type(self, name):
@@ -487,17 +507,20 @@ class VPPApiClient:
         return self._api
 
     def make_function(self, msg, i, multipart, do_async):
-        if (do_async):
+        if do_async:
+
             def f(**kwargs):
                 return self._call_vpp_async(i, msg, **kwargs)
+
         else:
+
             def f(**kwargs):
                 return self._call_vpp(i, msg, multipart, **kwargs)
 
         f.__name__ = str(msg.name)
-        f.__doc__ = ", ".join(["%s %s" %
-                               (msg.fieldtypes[j], k)
-                               for j, k in enumerate(msg.fields)])
+        f.__doc__ = ", ".join(
+            ["%s %s" % (msg.fieldtypes[j], k) for j, k in enumerate(msg.fields)]
+        )
         f.msg = msg
 
         return f
@@ -507,7 +530,7 @@ class VPPApiClient:
         self.id_msgdef = [None] * (self.vpp_dictionary_maxid + 1)
         self._api = VppApiDynamicMethodHolder()
         for name, msg in self.messages.items():
-            n = name + '_' + msg.crc[2:]
+            n = name + "_" + msg.crc[2:]
             i = self.transport.get_msg_index(n)
             if i > 0:
                 self.id_msgdef[i] = msg
@@ -518,28 +541,25 @@ class VPPApiClient:
                     f = self.make_function(msg, i, self.services[name], do_async)
                     setattr(self._api, name, FuncWrapper(f))
             else:
-                self.logger.debug(
-                    'No such message type or failed CRC checksum: %s', n)
+                self.logger.debug("No such message type or failed CRC checksum: %s", n)
 
-    def connect_internal(self, name, msg_handler, chroot_prefix, rx_qlen,
-                         do_async):
-        pfx = chroot_prefix.encode('utf-8') if chroot_prefix else None
+    def connect_internal(self, name, msg_handler, chroot_prefix, rx_qlen, do_async):
+        pfx = chroot_prefix.encode("utf-8") if chroot_prefix else None
 
-        rv = self.transport.connect(name, pfx,
-                                    msg_handler, rx_qlen)
+        rv = self.transport.connect(name, pfx, msg_handler, rx_qlen)
         if rv != 0:
-            raise VPPIOError(2, 'Connect failed')
+            raise VPPIOError(2, "Connect failed")
         self.vpp_dictionary_maxid = self.transport.msg_table_max_index()
         self._register_functions(do_async=do_async)
 
         # Initialise control ping
-        crc = self.messages['control_ping'].crc
+        crc = self.messages["control_ping"].crc
         self.control_ping_index = self.transport.get_msg_index(
-            ('control_ping' + '_' + crc[2:]))
-        self.control_ping_msgdef = self.messages['control_ping']
+            ("control_ping" + "_" + crc[2:])
+        )
+        self.control_ping_msgdef = self.messages["control_ping"]
         if self.async_thread:
-            self.event_thread = threading.Thread(
-                target=self.thread_msg_handler)
+            self.event_thread = threading.Thread(target=self.thread_msg_handler)
             self.event_thread.daemon = True
             self.event_thread.start()
         else:
@@ -556,8 +576,9 @@ class VPPApiClient:
         client and server.
         """
         msg_handler = self.transport.get_callback(do_async)
-        return self.connect_internal(name, msg_handler, chroot_prefix, rx_qlen,
-                                     do_async)
+        return self.connect_internal(
+            name, msg_handler, chroot_prefix, rx_qlen, do_async
+        )
 
     def connect_sync(self, name, chroot_prefix=None, rx_qlen=32):
         """Attach to VPP in synchronous mode. Application must poll for events.
@@ -568,8 +589,7 @@ class VPPApiClient:
         client and server.
         """
 
-        return self.connect_internal(name, None, chroot_prefix, rx_qlen,
-                                     do_async=False)
+        return self.connect_internal(name, None, chroot_prefix, rx_qlen, do_async=False)
 
     def disconnect(self):
         """Detach from VPP."""
@@ -590,42 +610,43 @@ class VPPApiClient:
         # If we have a context, then use the context to find any
         # request waiting for a reply
         context = 0
-        if hasattr(r, 'context') and r.context > 0:
+        if hasattr(r, "context") and r.context > 0:
             context = r.context
 
         if context == 0:
             # No context -> async notification that we feed to the callback
             self.message_queue.put_nowait(r)
         else:
-            raise VPPIOError(2, 'RPC reply message received in event handler')
+            raise VPPIOError(2, "RPC reply message received in event handler")
 
     def has_context(self, msg):
         if len(msg) < 10:
             return False
 
-        header = VPPType('header_with_context', [['u16', 'msgid'],
-                                                 ['u32', 'client_index'],
-                                                 ['u32', 'context']])
+        header = VPPType(
+            "header_with_context",
+            [["u16", "msgid"], ["u32", "client_index"], ["u32", "context"]],
+        )
 
         (i, ci, context), size = header.unpack(msg, 0)
-        if self.id_names[i] == 'rx_thread_exit':
+        if self.id_names[i] == "rx_thread_exit":
             return
 
         #
         # Decode message and returns a tuple.
         #
         msgobj = self.id_msgdef[i]
-        if 'context' in msgobj.field_by_name and context >= 0:
+        if "context" in msgobj.field_by_name and context >= 0:
             return True
         return False
 
     def decode_incoming_msg(self, msg, no_type_conversion=False):
         if not msg:
-            logger.warning('vpp_api.read failed')
+            logger.warning("vpp_api.read failed")
             return
 
         (i, ci), size = self.header.unpack(msg, 0)
-        if self.id_names[i] == 'rx_thread_exit':
+        if self.id_names[i] == "rx_thread_exit":
             return
 
         #
@@ -633,7 +654,7 @@ class VPPApiClient:
         #
         msgobj = self.id_msgdef[i]
         if not msgobj:
-            raise VPPIOError(2, 'Reply message undefined')
+            raise VPPIOError(2, "Reply message undefined")
 
         r, size = msgobj.unpack(msg, ntc=no_type_conversion)
         return r
@@ -654,41 +675,39 @@ class VPPApiClient:
 
     def _control_ping(self, context):
         """Send a ping command."""
-        self._call_vpp_async(self.control_ping_index,
-                             self.control_ping_msgdef,
-                             context=context)
+        self._call_vpp_async(
+            self.control_ping_index, self.control_ping_msgdef, context=context
+        )
 
     def validate_args(self, msg, kwargs):
         d = set(kwargs.keys()) - set(msg.field_by_name.keys())
         if d:
-            raise VPPValueError('Invalid argument {} to {}'
-                                .format(list(d), msg.name))
+            raise VPPValueError("Invalid argument {} to {}".format(list(d), msg.name))
 
     def _add_stat(self, name, ms):
         if not name in self.stats:
-            self.stats[name] = {'max': ms, 'count': 1, 'avg': ms}
+            self.stats[name] = {"max": ms, "count": 1, "avg": ms}
         else:
-            if ms > self.stats[name]['max']:
-                self.stats[name]['max'] = ms
-            self.stats[name]['count'] += 1
-            n = self.stats[name]['count']
-            self.stats[name]['avg'] = self.stats[name]['avg'] * (n - 1) / n + ms / n
+            if ms > self.stats[name]["max"]:
+                self.stats[name]["max"] = ms
+            self.stats[name]["count"] += 1
+            n = self.stats[name]["count"]
+            self.stats[name]["avg"] = self.stats[name]["avg"] * (n - 1) / n + ms / n
 
     def get_stats(self):
-        s = '\n=== API PAPI STATISTICS ===\n'
-        s += '{:<30} {:>4} {:>6} {:>6}\n'.format('message', 'cnt', 'avg', 'max')
-        for n in sorted(self.stats.items(), key=lambda v: v[1]['avg'], reverse=True):
-            s += '{:<30} {:>4} {:>6.2f} {:>6.2f}\n'.format(n[0], n[1]['count'],
-                                                           n[1]['avg'], n[1]['max'])
+        s = "\n=== API PAPI STATISTICS ===\n"
+        s += "{:<30} {:>4} {:>6} {:>6}\n".format("message", "cnt", "avg", "max")
+        for n in sorted(self.stats.items(), key=lambda v: v[1]["avg"], reverse=True):
+            s += "{:<30} {:>4} {:>6.2f} {:>6.2f}\n".format(
+                n[0], n[1]["count"], n[1]["avg"], n[1]["max"]
+            )
         return s
 
     def get_field_options(self, msg, fld_name):
         # when there is an option, the msgdef has 3 elements.
         # ['u32', 'ring_size', {'default': 1024}]
         for _def in self.messages[msg].msgdef:
-            if isinstance(_def, list) and \
-                    len(_def) == 3 and \
-                    _def[1] == fld_name:
+            if isinstance(_def, list) and len(_def) == 3 and _def[1] == fld_name:
                 return _def[2]
 
     def _call_vpp(self, i, msgdef, service, **kwargs):
@@ -707,25 +726,26 @@ class VPPApiClient:
         no response within the timeout window.
         """
         ts = time.time()
-        if 'context' not in kwargs:
+        if "context" not in kwargs:
             context = self.get_context()
-            kwargs['context'] = context
+            kwargs["context"] = context
         else:
-            context = kwargs['context']
-        kwargs['_vl_msg_id'] = i
+            context = kwargs["context"]
+        kwargs["_vl_msg_id"] = i
 
-        no_type_conversion = kwargs.pop('_no_type_conversion', False)
-        timeout = kwargs.pop('_timeout', None)
+        no_type_conversion = kwargs.pop("_no_type_conversion", False)
+        timeout = kwargs.pop("_timeout", None)
 
         try:
             if self.transport.socket_index:
-                kwargs['client_index'] = self.transport.socket_index
+                kwargs["client_index"] = self.transport.socket_index
         except AttributeError:
             pass
         self.validate_args(msgdef, kwargs)
 
-        s = 'Calling {}({})'.format(msgdef.name,
-            ','.join(['{!r}:{!r}'.format(k, v) for k, v in kwargs.items()]))
+        s = "Calling {}({})".format(
+            msgdef.name, ",".join(["{!r}:{!r}".format(k, v) for k, v in kwargs.items()])
+        )
         self.logger.debug(s)
 
         b = msgdef.pack(kwargs)
@@ -733,17 +753,17 @@ class VPPApiClient:
 
         self.transport.write(b)
 
-        msgreply = service['reply']
-        stream = True if 'stream' in service else False
+        msgreply = service["reply"]
+        stream = True if "stream" in service else False
         if stream:
-            if 'stream_msg' in service:
+            if "stream_msg" in service:
                 # New service['reply'] = _reply and service['stream_message'] = _details
-                stream_message = service['stream_msg']
-                modern =True
+                stream_message = service["stream_msg"]
+                modern = True
             else:
                 # Old  service['reply'] = _details
                 stream_message = msgreply
-                msgreply = 'control_ping_reply'
+                msgreply = "control_ping_reply"
                 modern = False
                 # Send a ping after the request - we use its response
                 # to detect that we have seen all results.
@@ -751,22 +771,22 @@ class VPPApiClient:
 
         # Block until we get a reply.
         rl = []
-        while (True):
+        while True:
             r = self.read_blocking(no_type_conversion, timeout)
             if r is None:
-                raise VPPIOError(2, 'VPP API client: read failed')
+                raise VPPIOError(2, "VPP API client: read failed")
             msgname = type(r).__name__
             if context not in r or r.context == 0 or context != r.context:
                 # Message being queued
                 self.message_queue.put_nowait(r)
                 continue
             if msgname != msgreply and (stream and (msgname != stream_message)):
-                print('REPLY MISMATCH', msgreply, msgname, stream_message, stream)
+                print("REPLY MISMATCH", msgreply, msgname, stream_message, stream)
             if not stream:
                 rl = r
                 break
             if msgname == msgreply:
-                if modern: # Return both reply and list
+                if modern:  # Return both reply and list
                     rl = r, rl
                 break
 
@@ -774,7 +794,7 @@ class VPPApiClient:
 
         self.transport.resume()
 
-        s = 'Return value: {!r}'.format(r)
+        s = "Return value: {!r}".format(r)
         if len(s) > 80:
             s = s[:80] + "..."
         self.logger.debug(s)
@@ -795,17 +815,17 @@ class VPPApiClient:
         The returned context will help with assigning which call
         the reply belongs to.
         """
-        if 'context' not in kwargs:
+        if "context" not in kwargs:
             context = self.get_context()
-            kwargs['context'] = context
+            kwargs["context"] = context
         else:
-            context = kwargs['context']
+            context = kwargs["context"]
         try:
             if self.transport.socket_index:
-                kwargs['client_index'] = self.transport.socket_index
+                kwargs["client_index"] = self.transport.socket_index
         except AttributeError:
-            kwargs['client_index'] = 0
-        kwargs['_vl_msg_id'] = i
+            kwargs["client_index"] = 0
+        kwargs["_vl_msg_id"] = i
         b = msg.pack(kwargs)
 
         self.transport.write(b)
@@ -891,26 +911,34 @@ class VPPApiClient:
         """Return VPPs API message table as name_crc dictionary,
         filtered by message name list."""
 
-        replies = [self.services[n]['reply'] for n in msglist]
+        replies = [self.services[n]["reply"] for n in msglist]
         message_table_filtered = {}
         for name in msglist + replies:
-            for k,v in self.transport.message_table.items():
+            for k, v in self.transport.message_table.items():
                 if k.startswith(name):
                     message_table_filtered[k] = v
                     break
         return message_table_filtered
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return "" % (
-                   self._apifiles, self.testmode, self.async_thread,
-                   self.logger, self.read_timeout, self.server_address)
+        return (
+            ""
+            % (
+                self._apifiles,
+                self.testmode,
+                self.async_thread,
+                self.logger,
+                self.read_timeout,
+                self.server_address,
+            )
+        )
 
     def details_iter(self, f, **kwargs):
         cursor = 0
         while True:
-            kwargs['cursor'] = cursor
+            kwargs["cursor"] = cursor
             rv, details = f(**kwargs)
             for d in details:
                 yield d
diff --git a/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/vpp_serializer.py b/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/vpp_serializer.py
index 644aeac65c6..a99e16aa8f9 100644
--- a/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/vpp_serializer.py
+++ b/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/vpp_serializer.py
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ from . import vpp_format
 # logger = logging.getLogger('vpp_serializer')
 # logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
 #
-logger = logging.getLogger('vpp_papi.serializer')
+logger = logging.getLogger("vpp_papi.serializer")
 
 
 def check(d):
@@ -46,8 +46,7 @@ def conversion_required(data, field_type):
 
 def conversion_packer(data, field_type):
     t = type(data).__name__
-    return types[field_type].pack(vpp_format.
-                                  conversion_table[field_type][t](data))
+    return types[field_type].pack(vpp_format.conversion_table[field_type][t](data))
 
 
 def conversion_unpacker(data, field_type):
@@ -77,30 +76,33 @@ class Packer:
                 return c._get_packer_with_options(f_type, options)
             except IndexError:
                 raise VPPSerializerValueError(
-                    "Options not supported for {}{} ({})".
-                    format(f_type, types[f_type].__class__,
-                           options))
+                    "Options not supported for {}{} ({})".format(
+                        f_type, types[f_type].__class__, options
+                    )
+                )
 
 
 class BaseTypes(Packer):
     def __init__(self, type, elements=0, options=None):
         self._type = type
         self._elements = elements
-        base_types = {'u8': '>B',
-                      'i8': '>b',
-                      'string': '>s',
-                      'u16': '>H',
-                      'i16': '>h',
-                      'u32': '>I',
-                      'i32': '>i',
-                      'u64': '>Q',
-                      'i64': '>q',
-                      'f64': '=d',
-                      'bool': '>?',
-                      'header': '>HI'}
+        base_types = {
+            "u8": ">B",
+            "i8": ">b",
+            "string": ">s",
+            "u16": ">H",
+            "i16": ">h",
+            "u32": ">I",
+            "i32": ">i",
+            "u64": ">Q",
+            "i64": ">q",
+            "f64": "=d",
+            "bool": ">?",
+            "header": ">HI",
+        }
 
-        if elements > 0 and (type == 'u8' or type == 'string'):
-            self.packer = struct.Struct('>%ss' % elements)
+        if elements > 0 and (type == "u8" or type == "string"):
+            self.packer = struct.Struct(">%ss" % elements)
         else:
             self.packer = struct.Struct(base_types[type])
         self.size = self.packer.size
@@ -108,8 +110,8 @@ class BaseTypes(Packer):
 
     def pack(self, data, kwargs=None):
         if data is None:  # Default to zero if not specified
-            if self.options and 'default' in self.options:
-                data = self.options['default']
+            if self.options and "default" in self.options:
+                data = self.options["default"]
             else:
                 data = 0
         return self.packer.pack(data)
@@ -122,9 +124,11 @@ class BaseTypes(Packer):
         return BaseTypes(f_type, options=options)
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return "BaseTypes(type=%s, elements=%s, options=%s)" % (self._type,
-                                                                self._elements,
-                                                                self.options)
+        return "BaseTypes(type=%s, elements=%s, options=%s)" % (
+            self._type,
+            self._elements,
+            self.options,
+        )
 
 
 class String(Packer):
@@ -132,13 +136,15 @@ class String(Packer):
         self.name = name
         self.num = num
         self.size = 1
-        self.length_field_packer = BaseTypes('u32')
-        self.limit = options['limit'] if 'limit' in options else num
+        self.length_field_packer = BaseTypes("u32")
+        self.limit = options["limit"] if "limit" in options else num
         self.fixed = True if num else False
         if self.fixed and not self.limit:
             raise VPPSerializerValueError(
-                "Invalid combination for: {}, {} fixed:{} limit:{}".
-                format(name, options, self.fixed, self.limit))
+                "Invalid combination for: {}, {} fixed:{} limit:{}".format(
+                    name, options, self.fixed, self.limit
+                )
+            )
 
     def pack(self, list, kwargs=None):
         if not list:
@@ -147,34 +153,42 @@ class String(Packer):
             return self.length_field_packer.pack(0) + b""
         if self.limit and len(list) > self.limit - 1:
             raise VPPSerializerValueError(
-                "Invalid argument length for: {}, {} maximum {}".
-                format(list, len(list), self.limit - 1))
+                "Invalid argument length for: {}, {} maximum {}".format(
+                    list, len(list), self.limit - 1
+                )
+            )
         if self.fixed:
-            return list.encode('ascii').ljust(self.limit, b'\x00')
-        return self.length_field_packer.pack(len(list)) + list.encode('ascii')
+            return list.encode("ascii").ljust(self.limit, b"\x00")
+        return self.length_field_packer.pack(len(list)) + list.encode("ascii")
 
     def unpack(self, data, offset=0, result=None, ntc=False):
         if self.fixed:
-            p = BaseTypes('u8', self.num)
+            p = BaseTypes("u8", self.num)
             s = p.unpack(data, offset)
-            s2 = s[0].split(b'\0', 1)[0]
-            return (s2.decode('ascii'), self.num)
+            s2 = s[0].split(b"\0", 1)[0]
+            return (s2.decode("ascii"), self.num)
 
-        length, length_field_size = self.length_field_packer.unpack(data,
-                                                                    offset)
+        length, length_field_size = self.length_field_packer.unpack(data, offset)
         if length == 0:
-            return '', 0
-        p = BaseTypes('u8', length)
+            return "", 0
+        p = BaseTypes("u8", length)
         x, size = p.unpack(data, offset + length_field_size)
-        return (x.decode('ascii', errors='replace'), size + length_field_size)
+        return (x.decode("ascii", errors="replace"), size + length_field_size)
 
 
-types = {'u8': BaseTypes('u8'), 'i8': BaseTypes('i8'),
-         'u16': BaseTypes('u16'), 'i16': BaseTypes('i16'),
-         'u32': BaseTypes('u32'), 'i32': BaseTypes('i32'),
-         'u64': BaseTypes('u64'), 'i64': BaseTypes('i64'),
-         'f64': BaseTypes('f64'),
-         'bool': BaseTypes('bool'), 'string': String}
+types = {
+    "u8": BaseTypes("u8"),
+    "i8": BaseTypes("i8"),
+    "u16": BaseTypes("u16"),
+    "i16": BaseTypes("i16"),
+    "u32": BaseTypes("u32"),
+    "i32": BaseTypes("i32"),
+    "u64": BaseTypes("u64"),
+    "i64": BaseTypes("i64"),
+    "f64": BaseTypes("f64"),
+    "bool": BaseTypes("bool"),
+    "string": String,
+}
 
 class_types = {}
 
@@ -202,32 +216,34 @@ class FixedList_u8(Packer):
         """Packs a fixed length bytestring. Left-pads with zeros
         if input data is too short."""
         if not data:
-            return b'\x00' * self.size
+            return b"\x00" * self.size
 
         if len(data) > self.num:
             raise VPPSerializerValueError(
                 'Fixed list length error for "{}", got: {}'
-                ' expected: {}'
-                .format(self.name, len(data), self.num))
+                " expected: {}".format(self.name, len(data), self.num)
+            )
 
         try:
             return self.packer.pack(data)
         except struct.error:
             raise VPPSerializerValueError(
-                'Packing failed for "{}" {}'
-                .format(self.name, kwargs))
+                'Packing failed for "{}" {}'.format(self.name, kwargs)
+            )
 
     def unpack(self, data, offset=0, result=None, ntc=False):
         if len(data[offset:]) < self.num:
             raise VPPSerializerValueError(
                 'Invalid array length for "{}" got {}'
-                ' expected {}'
-                .format(self.name, len(data[offset:]), self.num))
+                " expected {}".format(self.name, len(data[offset:]), self.num)
+            )
         return self.packer.unpack(data, offset)
 
     def __repr__(self):
         return "FixedList_u8(name=%s, field_type=%s, num=%s)" % (
-            self.name, self.field_type, self.num
+            self.name,
+            self.field_type,
+            self.num,
         )
 
 
@@ -242,8 +258,10 @@ class FixedList(Packer):
     def pack(self, list, kwargs):
         if len(list) != self.num:
             raise VPPSerializerValueError(
-                'Fixed list length error, got: {} expected: {}'
-                .format(len(list), self.num))
+                "Fixed list length error, got: {} expected: {}".format(
+                    len(list), self.num
+                )
+            )
         b = bytes()
         for e in list:
             b += self.packer.pack(e)
@@ -262,7 +280,10 @@ class FixedList(Packer):
 
     def __repr__(self):
         return "FixedList(name=%s, field_type=%s, num=%s)" % (
-            self.name, self.field_type, self.num)
+            self.name,
+            self.field_type,
+            self.num,
+        )
 
 
 class VLAList(Packer):
@@ -279,13 +300,15 @@ class VLAList(Packer):
             return b""
         if len(lst) != kwargs[self.length_field]:
             raise VPPSerializerValueError(
-                'Variable length error, got: {} expected: {}'
-                .format(len(lst), kwargs[self.length_field]))
+                "Variable length error, got: {} expected: {}".format(
+                    len(lst), kwargs[self.length_field]
+                )
+            )
 
         # u8 array
         if self.packer.size == 1:
             if isinstance(lst, list):
-                return b''.join(lst)
+                return b"".join(lst)
             return bytes(lst)
 
         b = bytes()
@@ -300,8 +323,8 @@ class VLAList(Packer):
         # u8 array
         if self.packer.size == 1:
             if result[self.index] == 0:
-                return b'', 0
-            p = BaseTypes('u8', result[self.index])
+                return b"", 0
+            p = BaseTypes("u8", result[self.index])
             return p.unpack(data, offset, ntc=ntc)
 
         r = []
@@ -313,10 +336,12 @@ class VLAList(Packer):
         return r, total
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return "VLAList(name=%s, field_type=%s, " \
-               "len_field_name=%s, index=%s)" % (
-                   self.name, self.field_type, self.length_field, self.index
-               )
+        return "VLAList(name=%s, field_type=%s, " "len_field_name=%s, index=%s)" % (
+            self.name,
+            self.field_type,
+            self.length_field,
+            self.index,
+        )
 
 
 class VLAList_legacy(Packer):
@@ -340,7 +365,8 @@ class VLAList_legacy(Packer):
         # Return a list of arguments
         if (len(data) - offset) % self.packer.size:
             raise VPPSerializerValueError(
-                'Legacy Variable Length Array length mismatch.')
+                "Legacy Variable Length Array length mismatch."
+            )
         elements = int((len(data) - offset) / self.packer.size)
         r = []
         for e in range(elements):
@@ -351,9 +377,7 @@ class VLAList_legacy(Packer):
         return r, total
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return "VLAList_legacy(name=%s, field_type=%s)" % (
-            self.name, self.field_type
-        )
+        return "VLAList_legacy(name=%s, field_type=%s)" % (self.name, self.field_type)
 
 
 # Will change to IntEnum after 21.04 release
@@ -361,16 +385,16 @@ class VPPEnumType(Packer):
     output_class = IntFlag
 
     def __init__(self, name, msgdef, options=None):
-        self.size = types['u32'].size
+        self.size = types["u32"].size
         self.name = name
-        self.enumtype = 'u32'
+        self.enumtype = "u32"
         self.msgdef = msgdef
         e_hash = {}
         for f in msgdef:
-            if type(f) is dict and 'enumtype' in f:
-                if f['enumtype'] != 'u32':
-                    self.size = types[f['enumtype']].size
-                    self.enumtype = f['enumtype']
+            if type(f) is dict and "enumtype" in f:
+                if f["enumtype"] != "u32":
+                    self.size = types[f["enumtype"]].size
+                    self.enumtype = f["enumtype"]
                 continue
             ename, evalue = f
             e_hash[ename] = evalue
@@ -387,8 +411,8 @@ class VPPEnumType(Packer):
 
     def pack(self, data, kwargs=None):
         if data is None:  # Default to zero if not specified
-            if self.options and 'default' in self.options:
-                data = self.options['default']
+            if self.options and "default" in self.options:
+                data = self.options["default"]
             else:
                 data = 0
 
@@ -404,7 +428,10 @@ class VPPEnumType(Packer):
 
     def __repr__(self):
         return "%s(name=%s, msgdef=%s, options=%s)" % (
-            self.__class__.__name__, self.name, self.msgdef, self.options
+            self.__class__.__name__,
+            self.name,
+            self.msgdef,
+            self.options,
         )
 
 
@@ -424,14 +451,13 @@ class VPPUnionType(Packer):
         fields = []
         self.packers = collections.OrderedDict()
         for i, f in enumerate(msgdef):
-            if type(f) is dict and 'crc' in f:
-                self.crc = f['crc']
+            if type(f) is dict and "crc" in f:
+                self.crc = f["crc"]
                 continue
             f_type, f_name = f
             if f_type not in types:
-                logger.debug('Unknown union type {}'.format(f_type))
-                raise VPPSerializerValueError(
-                    'Unknown message type {}'.format(f_type))
+                logger.debug("Unknown union type {}".format(f_type))
+                raise VPPSerializerValueError("Unknown message type {}".format(f_type))
             fields.append(f_name)
             size = types[f_type].size
             self.packers[f_name] = types[f_type]
@@ -445,14 +471,14 @@ class VPPUnionType(Packer):
     # Union of variable length?
     def pack(self, data, kwargs=None):
         if not data:
-            return b'\x00' * self.size
+            return b"\x00" * self.size
 
         for k, v in data.items():
             logger.debug("Key: {} Value: {}".format(k, v))
             b = self.packers[k].pack(v, kwargs)
             break
         r = bytearray(self.size)
-        r[:len(b)] = b
+        r[: len(b)] = b
         return r
 
     def unpack(self, data, offset=0, result=None, ntc=False):
@@ -466,25 +492,24 @@ class VPPUnionType(Packer):
         return self.tuple._make(r), maxsize
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return"VPPUnionType(name=%s, msgdef=%r)" % (self.name, self.msgdef)
+        return "VPPUnionType(name=%s, msgdef=%r)" % (self.name, self.msgdef)
 
 
 class VPPTypeAlias(Packer):
     def __init__(self, name, msgdef, options=None):
         self.name = name
         self.msgdef = msgdef
-        t = vpp_get_type(msgdef['type'])
+        t = vpp_get_type(msgdef["type"])
         if not t:
-            raise ValueError('No such type: {}'.format(msgdef['type']))
-        if 'length' in msgdef:
-            if msgdef['length'] == 0:
+            raise ValueError("No such type: {}".format(msgdef["type"]))
+        if "length" in msgdef:
+            if msgdef["length"] == 0:
                 raise ValueError()
-            if msgdef['type'] == 'u8':
-                self.packer = FixedList_u8(name, msgdef['type'],
-                                           msgdef['length'])
+            if msgdef["type"] == "u8":
+                self.packer = FixedList_u8(name, msgdef["type"], msgdef["length"])
                 self.size = self.packer.size
             else:
-                self.packer = FixedList(name, msgdef['type'], msgdef['length'])
+                self.packer = FixedList(name, msgdef["type"], msgdef["length"])
         else:
             self.packer = t
             self.size = t.size
@@ -498,11 +523,11 @@ class VPPTypeAlias(Packer):
             try:
                 return conversion_packer(data, self.name)
             # Python 2 and 3 raises different exceptions from inet_pton
-            except(OSError, socket.error, TypeError):
+            except (OSError, socket.error, TypeError):
                 pass
         if data is None:  # Default to zero if not specified
-            if self.options and 'default' in self.options:
-                data = self.options['default']
+            if self.options and "default" in self.options:
+                data = self.options["default"]
             else:
                 data = 0
 
@@ -525,7 +550,10 @@ class VPPTypeAlias(Packer):
 
     def __repr__(self):
         return "VPPTypeAlias(name=%s, msgdef=%s, options=%s)" % (
-            self.name, self.msgdef, self.options)
+            self.name,
+            self.msgdef,
+            self.options,
+        )
 
 
 class VPPType(Packer):
@@ -539,17 +567,16 @@ class VPPType(Packer):
         self.field_by_name = {}
         size = 0
         for i, f in enumerate(msgdef):
-            if type(f) is dict and 'crc' in f:
-                self.crc = f['crc']
+            if type(f) is dict and "crc" in f:
+                self.crc = f["crc"]
                 continue
             f_type, f_name = f[:2]
             self.fields.append(f_name)
             self.field_by_name[f_name] = None
             self.fieldtypes.append(f_type)
             if f_type not in types:
-                logger.debug('Unknown type {}'.format(f_type))
-                raise VPPSerializerValueError(
-                    'Unknown message type {}'.format(f_type))
+                logger.debug("Unknown type {}".format(f_type))
+                raise VPPSerializerValueError("Unknown message type {}".format(f_type))
 
             fieldlen = len(f)
             options = [x for x in f if type(x) is dict]
@@ -561,16 +588,16 @@ class VPPType(Packer):
             if fieldlen == 3:  # list
                 list_elements = f[2]
                 if list_elements == 0:
-                    if f_type == 'string':
+                    if f_type == "string":
                         p = String(f_name, 0, self.options)
                     else:
                         p = VLAList_legacy(f_name, f_type)
                     self.packers.append(p)
-                elif f_type == 'u8':
+                elif f_type == "u8":
                     p = FixedList_u8(f_name, f_type, list_elements)
                     self.packers.append(p)
                     size += p.size
-                elif f_type == 'string':
+                elif f_type == "string":
                     p = String(f_name, list_elements, self.options)
                     self.packers.append(p)
                     size += p.size
@@ -584,7 +611,7 @@ class VPPType(Packer):
                 self.packers.append(p)
             else:
                 # default support for types that decay to basetype
-                if 'default' in self.options:
+                if "default" in self.options:
                     p = self.get_packer_with_options(f_type, self.options)
                 else:
                     p = types[f_type]
@@ -609,8 +636,8 @@ class VPPType(Packer):
         for i, a in enumerate(self.fields):
             if data and type(data) is not dict and a not in data:
                 raise VPPSerializerValueError(
-                    "Invalid argument: {} expected {}.{}".
-                    format(data, self.name, a))
+                    "Invalid argument: {} expected {}.{}".format(data, self.name, a)
+                )
 
             # Defaulting to zero.
             if not data or a not in data:  # Default to 0
@@ -651,7 +678,9 @@ class VPPType(Packer):
 
     def __repr__(self):
         return "%s(name=%s, msgdef=%s)" % (
-            self.__class__.__name__, self.name, self.msgdef
+            self.__class__.__name__,
+            self.name,
+            self.msgdef,
         )
 
 
diff --git a/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/vpp_stats.py b/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/vpp_stats.py
index 0b1c701a430..4a342b68a8f 100755
--- a/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/vpp_stats.py
+++ b/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/vpp_stats.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 #
 
-'''
+"""
 This module implement Python access to the VPP statistics segment. It
 accesses the data structures directly in shared memory.
 VPP uses optimistic locking, so data structures may change underneath
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ stat['/if/rx'][:, 1].sum_packets() - returns the sum of packet counters for
                                      interface 1 on all threads
 stat['/if/rx-miss'][:, 1].sum() - returns the sum of packet counters for
                                   interface 1 on all threads for simple counters
-'''
+"""
 
 import os
 import socket
@@ -50,31 +50,36 @@ import time
 import unittest
 import re
 
+
 def recv_fd(sock):
-    '''Get file descriptor for memory map'''
-    fds = array.array("i")   # Array of ints
+    """Get file descriptor for memory map"""
+    fds = array.array("i")  # Array of ints
     _, ancdata, _, _ = sock.recvmsg(0, socket.CMSG_LEN(4))
     for cmsg_level, cmsg_type, cmsg_data in ancdata:
         if cmsg_level == socket.SOL_SOCKET and cmsg_type == socket.SCM_RIGHTS:
-            fds.frombytes(cmsg_data[:len(cmsg_data) - (len(cmsg_data) % fds.itemsize)])
+            fds.frombytes(cmsg_data[: len(cmsg_data) - (len(cmsg_data) % fds.itemsize)])
     return list(fds)[0]
 
-VEC_LEN_FMT = Struct('I')
+
+VEC_LEN_FMT = Struct("I")
+
+
 def get_vec_len(stats, vector_offset):
-    '''Equivalent to VPP vec_len()'''
+    """Equivalent to VPP vec_len()"""
     return VEC_LEN_FMT.unpack_from(stats.statseg, vector_offset - 8)[0]
 
+
 def get_string(stats, ptr):
-    '''Get a string from a VPP vector'''
+    """Get a string from a VPP vector"""
     namevector = ptr - stats.base
     namevectorlen = get_vec_len(stats, namevector)
     if namevector + namevectorlen >= stats.size:
-        raise IOError('String overruns stats segment')
-    return stats.statseg[namevector:namevector+namevectorlen-1].decode('ascii')
+        raise IOError("String overruns stats segment")
+    return stats.statseg[namevector : namevector + namevectorlen - 1].decode("ascii")
 
 
 class StatsVector:
-    '''A class representing a VPP vector'''
+    """A class representing a VPP vector"""
 
     def __init__(self, stats, ptr, fmt):
         self.vec_start = ptr - stats.base
@@ -86,28 +91,35 @@ class StatsVector:
         self.stats = stats
 
         if self.vec_start + self.vec_len * self.elementsize >= stats.size:
-            raise IOError('Vector overruns stats segment')
+            raise IOError("Vector overruns stats segment")
 
     def __iter__(self):
         with self.stats.lock:
-            return self.struct.iter_unpack(self.statseg[self.vec_start:self.vec_start +
-                                                        self.elementsize*self.vec_len])
+            return self.struct.iter_unpack(
+                self.statseg[
+                    self.vec_start : self.vec_start + self.elementsize * self.vec_len
+                ]
+            )
 
     def __getitem__(self, index):
         if index > self.vec_len:
-            raise IOError('Index beyond end of vector')
+            raise IOError("Index beyond end of vector")
         with self.stats.lock:
             if self.fmtlen == 1:
-                return self.struct.unpack_from(self.statseg, self.vec_start +
-                                               (index * self.elementsize))[0]
-            return self.struct.unpack_from(self.statseg, self.vec_start +
-                                           (index * self.elementsize))
+                return self.struct.unpack_from(
+                    self.statseg, self.vec_start + (index * self.elementsize)
+                )[0]
+            return self.struct.unpack_from(
+                self.statseg, self.vec_start + (index * self.elementsize)
+            )
+
+
+class VPPStats:
+    """Main class implementing Python access to the VPP statistics segment"""
 
-class VPPStats():
-    '''Main class implementing Python access to the VPP statistics segment'''
     # pylint: disable=too-many-instance-attributes
-    shared_headerfmt = Struct('QPQQPP')
-    default_socketname = '/run/vpp/stats.sock'
+    shared_headerfmt = Struct("QPQQPP")
+    default_socketname = "/run/vpp/stats.sock"
 
     def __init__(self, socketname=default_socketname, timeout=10):
         self.socketname = socketname
@@ -120,7 +132,7 @@ class VPPStats():
         self.statseg = 0
 
     def connect(self):
-        '''Connect to stats segment'''
+        """Connect to stats segment"""
         if self.connected:
             return
         sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_SEQPACKET)
@@ -130,61 +142,64 @@ class VPPStats():
         sock.close()
 
         stat_result = os.fstat(mfd)
-        self.statseg = mmap.mmap(mfd, stat_result.st_size, mmap.PROT_READ, mmap.MAP_SHARED)
+        self.statseg = mmap.mmap(
+            mfd, stat_result.st_size, mmap.PROT_READ, mmap.MAP_SHARED
+        )
         os.close(mfd)
 
         self.size = stat_result.st_size
         if self.version != 2:
-            raise Exception('Incompatbile stat segment version {}'
-                            .format(self.version))
+            raise Exception("Incompatbile stat segment version {}".format(self.version))
 
         self.refresh()
         self.connected = True
 
     def disconnect(self):
-        '''Disconnect from stats segment'''
+        """Disconnect from stats segment"""
         if self.connected:
             self.statseg.close()
             self.connected = False
 
     @property
     def version(self):
-        '''Get version of stats segment'''
+        """Get version of stats segment"""
         return self.shared_headerfmt.unpack_from(self.statseg)[0]
 
     @property
     def base(self):
-        '''Get base pointer of stats segment'''
+        """Get base pointer of stats segment"""
         return self.shared_headerfmt.unpack_from(self.statseg)[1]
 
     @property
     def epoch(self):
-        '''Get current epoch value from stats segment'''
+        """Get current epoch value from stats segment"""
         return self.shared_headerfmt.unpack_from(self.statseg)[2]
 
     @property
     def in_progress(self):
-        '''Get value of in_progress from stats segment'''
+        """Get value of in_progress from stats segment"""
         return self.shared_headerfmt.unpack_from(self.statseg)[3]
 
     @property
     def directory_vector(self):
-        '''Get pointer of directory vector'''
+        """Get pointer of directory vector"""
         return self.shared_headerfmt.unpack_from(self.statseg)[4]
 
-    elementfmt = 'IQ128s'
+    elementfmt = "IQ128s"
 
     def refresh(self, blocking=True):
-        '''Refresh directory vector cache (epoch changed)'''
+        """Refresh directory vector cache (epoch changed)"""
         directory = {}
         directory_by_idx = {}
         while True:
             try:
                 with self.lock:
                     self.last_epoch = self.epoch
-                    for i, direntry in enumerate(StatsVector(self, self.directory_vector, self.elementfmt)):
-                        path_raw = direntry[2].find(b'\x00')
-                        path = direntry[2][:path_raw].decode('ascii')
+                    for i, direntry in enumerate(
+                        StatsVector(self, self.directory_vector, self.elementfmt)
+                    ):
+                        path_raw = direntry[2].find(b"\x00")
+                        path = direntry[2][:path_raw].decode("ascii")
                         directory[path] = StatsEntry(direntry[0], direntry[1])
                         directory_by_idx[i] = path
                     self.directory = directory
@@ -210,14 +225,12 @@ class VPPStats():
     def __iter__(self):
         return iter(self.directory.items())
 
-
     def set_errors(self, blocking=True):
-        '''Return dictionary of error counters > 0'''
+        """Return dictionary of error counters > 0"""
         if not self.connected:
             self.connect()
 
-        errors = {k: v for k, v in self.directory.items()
-                  if k.startswith("/err/")}
+        errors = {k: v for k, v in self.directory.items() if k.startswith("/err/")}
         result = {}
         for k in errors:
             try:
@@ -229,23 +242,23 @@ class VPPStats():
         return result
 
     def set_errors_str(self, blocking=True):
-        '''Return all errors counters > 0 pretty printed'''
-        error_string = ['ERRORS:']
+        """Return all errors counters > 0 pretty printed"""
+        error_string = ["ERRORS:"]
         error_counters = self.set_errors(blocking)
         for k in sorted(error_counters):
-            error_string.append('{:<60}{:>10}'.format(k, error_counters[k]))
-        return '%s\n' % '\n'.join(error_string)
+            error_string.append("{:<60}{:>10}".format(k, error_counters[k]))
+        return "%s\n" % "\n".join(error_string)
 
     def get_counter(self, name, blocking=True):
-        '''Alternative call to __getitem__'''
+        """Alternative call to __getitem__"""
         return self.__getitem__(name, blocking)
 
     def get_err_counter(self, name, blocking=True):
-        '''Alternative call to __getitem__'''
+        """Alternative call to __getitem__"""
         return self.__getitem__(name, blocking).sum()
 
     def ls(self, patterns):
-        '''Returns list of counters matching pattern'''
+        """Returns list of counters matching pattern"""
         # pylint: disable=invalid-name
         if not self.connected:
             self.connect()
@@ -255,20 +268,24 @@ class VPPStats():
         if self.last_epoch != self.epoch:
             self.refresh()
 
-        return [k for k, v in self.directory.items()
-                if any(re.match(pattern, k) for pattern in regex)]
+        return [
+            k
+            for k, v in self.directory.items()
+            if any(re.match(pattern, k) for pattern in regex)
+        ]
 
     def dump(self, counters, blocking=True):
-        '''Given a list of counters return a dictionary of results'''
+        """Given a list of counters return a dictionary of results"""
         if not self.connected:
             self.connect()
         result = {}
         for cnt in counters:
-            result[cnt] = self.__getitem__(cnt,blocking)
+            result[cnt] = self.__getitem__(cnt, blocking)
         return result
 
-class StatsLock():
-    '''Stat segment optimistic locking'''
+
+class StatsLock:
+    """Stat segment optimistic locking"""
 
     def __init__(self, stats):
         self.stats = stats
@@ -283,7 +300,7 @@ class StatsLock():
         self.release()
 
     def acquire(self, blocking=True, timeout=-1):
-        '''Acquire the lock. Await in progress to go false. Record epoch.'''
+        """Acquire the lock. Await in progress to go false. Record epoch."""
         self.epoch = self.stats.epoch
         if timeout > 0:
             start = time.monotonic()
@@ -296,46 +313,49 @@ class StatsLock():
         return True
 
     def release(self):
-        '''Check if data read while locked is valid'''
+        """Check if data read while locked is valid"""
         if self.stats.in_progress or self.stats.epoch != self.epoch:
-            raise IOError('Optimistic lock failed, retry')
+            raise IOError("Optimistic lock failed, retry")
 
     def locked(self):
-        '''Not used'''
+        """Not used"""
 
 
 class StatsCombinedList(list):
-    '''Column slicing for Combined counters list'''
+    """Column slicing for Combined counters list"""
 
     def __getitem__(self, item):
-        '''Supports partial numpy style 2d support. Slice by column [:,1]'''
+        """Supports partial numpy style 2d support. Slice by column [:,1]"""
         if isinstance(item, int):
             return list.__getitem__(self, item)
         return CombinedList([row[item[1]] for row in self])
 
+
 class CombinedList(list):
-    '''Combined Counters 2-dimensional by thread by index of packets/octets'''
+    """Combined Counters 2-dimensional by thread by index of packets/octets"""
 
     def packets(self):
-        '''Return column (2nd dimension). Packets for all threads'''
+        """Return column (2nd dimension). Packets for all threads"""
         return [pair[0] for pair in self]
 
     def octets(self):
-        '''Return column (2nd dimension). Octets for all threads'''
+        """Return column (2nd dimension). Octets for all threads"""
         return [pair[1] for pair in self]
 
     def sum_packets(self):
-        '''Return column (2nd dimension). Sum of all packets for all threads'''
+        """Return column (2nd dimension). Sum of all packets for all threads"""
         return sum(self.packets())
 
     def sum_octets(self):
-        '''Return column (2nd dimension). Sum of all octets for all threads'''
+        """Return column (2nd dimension). Sum of all octets for all threads"""
         return sum(self.octets())
 
+
 class StatsTuple(tuple):
-    '''A Combined vector tuple (packets, octets)'''
+    """A Combined vector tuple (packets, octets)"""
+
     def __init__(self, data):
-        self.dictionary = {'packets': data[0], 'bytes': data[1]}
+        self.dictionary = {"packets": data[0], "bytes": data[1]}
         super().__init__()
 
     def __repr__(self):
@@ -344,28 +364,32 @@ class StatsTuple(tuple):
     def __getitem__(self, item):
         if isinstance(item, int):
             return tuple.__getitem__(self, item)
-        if item == 'packets':
+        if item == "packets":
             return tuple.__getitem__(self, 0)
         return tuple.__getitem__(self, 1)
 
+
 class StatsSimpleList(list):
-    '''Simple Counters 2-dimensional by thread by index of packets'''
+    """Simple Counters 2-dimensional by thread by index of packets"""
 
     def __getitem__(self, item):
-        '''Supports partial numpy style 2d support. Slice by column [:,1]'''
+        """Supports partial numpy style 2d support. Slice by column [:,1]"""
         if isinstance(item, int):
             return list.__getitem__(self, item)
         return SimpleList([row[item[1]] for row in self])
 
+
 class SimpleList(list):
-    '''Simple counter'''
+    """Simple counter"""
 
     def sum(self):
-        '''Sum the vector'''
+        """Sum the vector"""
         return sum(self)
 
-class StatsEntry():
-    '''An individual stats entry'''
+
+class StatsEntry:
+    """An individual stats entry"""
+
     # pylint: disable=unused-argument,no-self-use
 
     def __init__(self, stattype, statvalue):
@@ -386,115 +410,128 @@ class StatsEntry():
             self.function = self.illegal
 
     def illegal(self, stats):
-        '''Invalid or unknown counter type'''
+        """Invalid or unknown counter type"""
         return None
 
     def scalar(self, stats):
-        '''Scalar counter'''
+        """Scalar counter"""
         return self.value
 
     def simple(self, stats):
-        '''Simple counter'''
+        """Simple counter"""
         counter = StatsSimpleList()
-        for threads in StatsVector(stats, self.value, 'P'):
-            clist = [v[0] for v in StatsVector(stats, threads[0], 'Q')]
+        for threads in StatsVector(stats, self.value, "P"):
+            clist = [v[0] for v in StatsVector(stats, threads[0], "Q")]
             counter.append(clist)
         return counter
 
     def combined(self, stats):
-        '''Combined counter'''
+        """Combined counter"""
         counter = StatsCombinedList()
-        for threads in StatsVector(stats, self.value, 'P'):
-            clist = [StatsTuple(cnt) for cnt in StatsVector(stats, threads[0], 'QQ')]
+        for threads in StatsVector(stats, self.value, "P"):
+            clist = [StatsTuple(cnt) for cnt in StatsVector(stats, threads[0], "QQ")]
             counter.append(clist)
         return counter
 
     def name(self, stats):
-        '''Name counter'''
+        """Name counter"""
         counter = []
-        for name in StatsVector(stats, self.value, 'P'):
+        for name in StatsVector(stats, self.value, "P"):
             if name[0]:
                 counter.append(get_string(stats, name[0]))
         return counter
 
-    SYMLINK_FMT1 = Struct('II')
-    SYMLINK_FMT2 = Struct('Q')
+    SYMLINK_FMT1 = Struct("II")
+    SYMLINK_FMT2 = Struct("Q")
+
     def symlink(self, stats):
-        '''Symlink counter'''
+        """Symlink counter"""
         b = self.SYMLINK_FMT2.pack(self.value)
         index1, index2 = self.SYMLINK_FMT1.unpack(b)
         name = stats.directory_by_idx[index1]
-        return stats[name][:,index2]
+        return stats[name][:, index2]
 
     def get_counter(self, stats):
-        '''Return a list of counters'''
+        """Return a list of counters"""
         if stats:
             return self.function(stats)
 
+
 class TestStats(unittest.TestCase):
-    '''Basic statseg tests'''
+    """Basic statseg tests"""
 
     def setUp(self):
-        '''Connect to statseg'''
+        """Connect to statseg"""
         self.stat = VPPStats()
         self.stat.connect()
         self.profile = cProfile.Profile()
         self.profile.enable()
 
     def tearDown(self):
-        '''Disconnect from statseg'''
+        """Disconnect from statseg"""
         self.stat.disconnect()
         profile = Stats(self.profile)
         profile.strip_dirs()
-        profile.sort_stats('cumtime')
+        profile.sort_stats("cumtime")
         profile.print_stats()
         print("\n--->>>")
 
     def test_counters(self):
-        '''Test access to statseg'''
+        """Test access to statseg"""
 
-        print('/err/abf-input-ip4/missed', self.stat['/err/abf-input-ip4/missed'])
-        print('/sys/heartbeat', self.stat['/sys/heartbeat'])
-        print('/if/names', self.stat['/if/names'])
-        print('/if/rx-miss', self.stat['/if/rx-miss'])
-        print('/if/rx-miss', self.stat['/if/rx-miss'][1])
-        print('/nat44-ed/out2in/slowpath/drops', self.stat['/nat44-ed/out2in/slowpath/drops'])
+        print("/err/abf-input-ip4/missed", self.stat["/err/abf-input-ip4/missed"])
+        print("/sys/heartbeat", self.stat["/sys/heartbeat"])
+        print("/if/names", self.stat["/if/names"])
+        print("/if/rx-miss", self.stat["/if/rx-miss"])
+        print("/if/rx-miss", self.stat["/if/rx-miss"][1])
+        print(
+            "/nat44-ed/out2in/slowpath/drops",
+            self.stat["/nat44-ed/out2in/slowpath/drops"],
+        )
         with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
-            print('NO SUCH COUNTER', self.stat['foobar'])
-        print('/if/rx', self.stat.get_counter('/if/rx'))
-        print('/err/ethernet-input/no_error',
-              self.stat.get_counter('/err/ethernet-input/no_error'))
+            print("NO SUCH COUNTER", self.stat["foobar"])
+        print("/if/rx", self.stat.get_counter("/if/rx"))
+        print(
+            "/err/ethernet-input/no_error",
+            self.stat.get_counter("/err/ethernet-input/no_error"),
+        )
 
     def test_column(self):
-        '''Test column slicing'''
+        """Test column slicing"""
 
-        print('/if/rx-miss', self.stat['/if/rx-miss'])
-        print('/if/rx', self.stat['/if/rx'])  # All interfaces for thread #1
-        print('/if/rx thread #1', self.stat['/if/rx'][0])  # All interfaces for thread #1
-        print('/if/rx thread #1, interface #1',
-              self.stat['/if/rx'][0][1])  # All interfaces for thread #1
-        print('/if/rx if_index #1', self.stat['/if/rx'][:, 1])
-        print('/if/rx if_index #1 packets', self.stat['/if/rx'][:, 1].packets())
-        print('/if/rx if_index #1 packets', self.stat['/if/rx'][:, 1].sum_packets())
-        print('/if/rx if_index #1 packets', self.stat['/if/rx'][:, 1].octets())
-        print('/if/rx-miss', self.stat['/if/rx-miss'])
-        print('/if/rx-miss if_index #1 packets', self.stat['/if/rx-miss'][:, 1].sum())
-        print('/if/rx if_index #1 packets', self.stat['/if/rx'][0][1]['packets'])
+        print("/if/rx-miss", self.stat["/if/rx-miss"])
+        print("/if/rx", self.stat["/if/rx"])  # All interfaces for thread #1
+        print(
+            "/if/rx thread #1", self.stat["/if/rx"][0]
+        )  # All interfaces for thread #1
+        print(
+            "/if/rx thread #1, interface #1", self.stat["/if/rx"][0][1]
+        )  # All interfaces for thread #1
+        print("/if/rx if_index #1", self.stat["/if/rx"][:, 1])
+        print("/if/rx if_index #1 packets", self.stat["/if/rx"][:, 1].packets())
+        print("/if/rx if_index #1 packets", self.stat["/if/rx"][:, 1].sum_packets())
+        print("/if/rx if_index #1 packets", self.stat["/if/rx"][:, 1].octets())
+        print("/if/rx-miss", self.stat["/if/rx-miss"])
+        print("/if/rx-miss if_index #1 packets", self.stat["/if/rx-miss"][:, 1].sum())
+        print("/if/rx if_index #1 packets", self.stat["/if/rx"][0][1]["packets"])
 
     def test_nat44(self):
-        '''Test the nat counters'''
+        """Test the nat counters"""
 
-        print('/nat44-ei/ha/del-event-recv', self.stat['/nat44-ei/ha/del-event-recv'])
-        print('/err/nat44-ei-ha/pkts-processed', self.stat['/err/nat44-ei-ha/pkts-processed'].sum())
+        print("/nat44-ei/ha/del-event-recv", self.stat["/nat44-ei/ha/del-event-recv"])
+        print(
+            "/err/nat44-ei-ha/pkts-processed",
+            self.stat["/err/nat44-ei-ha/pkts-processed"].sum(),
+        )
 
     def test_legacy(self):
-        '''Legacy interface'''
+        """Legacy interface"""
         directory = self.stat.ls(["^/if", "/err/ip4-input", "/sys/node/ip4-input"])
         data = self.stat.dump(directory)
         print(data)
-        print('Looking up sys node')
+        print("Looking up sys node")
         directory = self.stat.ls(["^/sys/node"])
-        print('Dumping sys node')
+        print("Dumping sys node")
         data = self.stat.dump(directory)
         print(data)
         directory = self.stat.ls(["^/foobar"])
@@ -502,18 +539,19 @@ class TestStats(unittest.TestCase):
         print(data)
 
     def test_sys_nodes(self):
-        '''Test /sys/nodes'''
-        counters = self.stat.ls('^/sys/node')
-        print('COUNTERS:', counters)
-        print('/sys/node', self.stat.dump(counters))
-        print('/net/route/to', self.stat['/net/route/to'])
+        """Test /sys/nodes"""
+        counters = self.stat.ls("^/sys/node")
+        print("COUNTERS:", counters)
+        print("/sys/node", self.stat.dump(counters))
+        print("/net/route/to", self.stat["/net/route/to"])
 
     def test_symlink(self):
-        '''Symbolic links'''
-        print('/interface/local0/rx', self.stat['/interfaces/local0/rx'])
-        print('/sys/nodes/unix-epoll-input', self.stat['/nodes/unix-epoll-input/calls'])
+        """Symbolic links"""
+        print("/interface/local0/rx", self.stat["/interfaces/local0/rx"])
+        print("/sys/nodes/unix-epoll-input", self.stat["/nodes/unix-epoll-input/calls"])
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     import cProfile
     from pstats import Stats
 
diff --git a/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/vpp_transport_socket.py b/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/vpp_transport_socket.py
index c82b8c365a1..3a8c332a00a 100644
--- a/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/vpp_transport_socket.py
+++ b/src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/vpp_transport_socket.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import multiprocessing
 import queue
 import logging
 
-logger = logging.getLogger('vpp_papi.transport')
+logger = logging.getLogger("vpp_papi.transport")
 logger.addHandler(logging.NullHandler())
 
 
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class VppTransport:
         self.read_timeout = read_timeout if read_timeout > 0 else None
         self.parent = parent
         self.server_address = server_address
-        self.header = struct.Struct('>QII')
+        self.header = struct.Struct(">QII")
         self.message_table = {}
         # These queues can be accessed async.
         # They are always up, but replaced on connect.
@@ -41,11 +41,10 @@ class VppTransport:
     def msg_thread_func(self):
         while True:
             try:
-                rlist, _, _ = select.select([self.socket,
-                                             self.sque._reader], [], [])
+                rlist, _, _ = select.select([self.socket, self.sque._reader], [], [])
             except socket.error:
                 # Terminate thread
-                logging.error('select failed')
+                logging.error("select failed")
                 self.q.put(None)
                 return
 
@@ -71,8 +70,7 @@ class VppTransport:
                     else:
                         self.parent.msg_handler_async(msg)
                 else:
-                    raise VppTransportSocketIOError(
-                        2, 'Unknown response from select')
+                    raise VppTransportSocketIOError(2, "Unknown response from select")
 
     def connect(self, name, pfx, msg_handler, rx_qlen):
         # TODO: Reorder the actions and add "roll-backs",
@@ -80,7 +78,8 @@ class VppTransport:
 
         if self.message_thread is not None:
             raise VppTransportSocketIOError(
-                1, "PAPI socket transport connect: Need to disconnect first.")
+                1, "PAPI socket transport connect: Need to disconnect first."
+            )
 
         # Create a UDS socket
         self.socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
@@ -107,19 +106,17 @@ class VppTransport:
         self.message_thread = threading.Thread(target=self.msg_thread_func)
 
         # Initialise sockclnt_create
-        sockclnt_create = self.parent.messages['sockclnt_create']
-        sockclnt_create_reply = self.parent.messages['sockclnt_create_reply']
+        sockclnt_create = self.parent.messages["sockclnt_create"]
+        sockclnt_create_reply = self.parent.messages["sockclnt_create_reply"]
 
-        args = {'_vl_msg_id': 15,
-                'name': name,
-                'context': 124}
+        args = {"_vl_msg_id": 15, "name": name, "context": 124}
         b = sockclnt_create.pack(args)
         self.write(b)
         msg = self._read()
         hdr, length = self.parent.header.unpack(msg, 0)
         if hdr.msgid != 16:
             # TODO: Add first numeric argument.
-            raise VppTransportSocketIOError('Invalid reply message')
+            raise VppTransportSocketIOError("Invalid reply message")
 
         r, length = sockclnt_create_reply.unpack(msg)
         self.socket_index = r.index
@@ -184,7 +181,7 @@ class VppTransport:
     def write(self, buf):
         """Send a binary-packed message to VPP."""
         if not self.connected:
-            raise VppTransportSocketIOError(1, 'Not connected')
+            raise VppTransportSocketIOError(1, "Not connected")
 
         # Send header
         header = self.header.pack(0, len(buf), 0)
@@ -192,8 +189,7 @@ class VppTransport:
             self.socket.sendall(header)
             self.socket.sendall(buf)
         except socket.error as err:
-            raise VppTransportSocketIOError(1, 'Sendall error: {err!r}'.format(
-                err=err))
+            raise VppTransportSocketIOError(1, "Sendall error: {err!r}".format(err=err))
 
     def _read_fixed(self, size):
         """Repeat receive until fixed size is read. Return empty on error."""
@@ -223,11 +219,11 @@ class VppTransport:
         msg = self._read_fixed(hdrlen)
         if hdrlen == len(msg):
             return msg
-        raise VppTransportSocketIOError(1, 'Unknown socket read error')
+        raise VppTransportSocketIOError(1, "Unknown socket read error")
 
     def read(self, timeout=None):
         if not self.connected:
-            raise VppTransportSocketIOError(1, 'Not connected')
+            raise VppTransportSocketIOError(1, "Not connected")
         if timeout is None:
             timeout = self.read_timeout
         try:
diff --git a/src/vpp-api/vapi/vapi_c_gen.py b/src/vpp-api/vapi/vapi_c_gen.py
index debd7345f60..2978ebd2077 100755
--- a/src/vpp-api/vapi/vapi_c_gen.py
+++ b/src/vpp-api/vapi/vapi_c_gen.py
@@ -5,8 +5,17 @@ import inspect
 import os
 import sys
 import logging
-from vapi_json_parser import Field, Struct, Enum, Union, Message, JsonParser,\
-    SimpleType, StructType, Alias
+from vapi_json_parser import (
+    Field,
+    Struct,
+    Enum,
+    Union,
+    Message,
+    JsonParser,
+    SimpleType,
+    StructType,
+    Alias,
+)
 
 
 class CField(Field):
@@ -14,54 +23,63 @@ class CField(Field):
         return "vapi_type_%s" % self.name
 
     def get_c_def(self):
-        if self.type.get_c_name() == 'vl_api_string_t':
+        if self.type.get_c_name() == "vl_api_string_t":
             if self.len:
                 return "u8 %s[%d];" % (self.name, self.len)
             else:
                 return "vl_api_string_t %s;" % (self.name)
         else:
             if self.len is not None and type(self.len) != dict:
-                return "%s %s[%d];" % (self.type.get_c_name(), self.name,
-                                       self.len)
+                return "%s %s[%d];" % (self.type.get_c_name(), self.name, self.len)
             else:
                 return "%s %s;" % (self.type.get_c_name(), self.name)
 
     def get_swap_to_be_code(self, struct, var):
         if self.len is not None and type(self.len) != dict:
             if self.len > 0:
-                return "do { unsigned i; for (i = 0; i < %d; ++i) { %s } }"\
-                    " while(0);" % (
-                        self.len,
-                        self.type.get_swap_to_be_code(struct, "%s[i]" % var))
+                return (
+                    "do { unsigned i; for (i = 0; i < %d; ++i) { %s } }"
+                    " while(0);"
+                    % (self.len, self.type.get_swap_to_be_code(struct, "%s[i]" % var))
+                )
             else:
                 if self.nelem_field.needs_byte_swap():
                     nelem_field = "%s(%s%s)" % (
                         self.nelem_field.type.get_swap_to_host_func_name(),
-                        struct, self.nelem_field.name)
+                        struct,
+                        self.nelem_field.name,
+                    )
                 else:
                     nelem_field = "%s%s" % (struct, self.nelem_field.name)
                 return (
                     "do { unsigned i; for (i = 0; i < %s; ++i) { %s } }"
-                    " while(0);" %
-                    (nelem_field, self.type.get_swap_to_be_code(
-                        struct, "%s[i]" % var)))
+                    " while(0);"
+                    % (
+                        nelem_field,
+                        self.type.get_swap_to_be_code(struct, "%s[i]" % var),
+                    )
+                )
         return self.type.get_swap_to_be_code(struct, "%s" % var)
 
     def get_swap_to_host_code(self, struct, var):
         if self.len is not None and type(self.len) != dict:
             if self.len > 0:
-                return "do { unsigned i; for (i = 0; i < %d; ++i) { %s } }"\
-                    " while(0);" % (
-                        self.len,
-                        self.type.get_swap_to_host_code(struct, "%s[i]" % var))
+                return (
+                    "do { unsigned i; for (i = 0; i < %d; ++i) { %s } }"
+                    " while(0);"
+                    % (self.len, self.type.get_swap_to_host_code(struct, "%s[i]" % var))
+                )
             else:
                 # nelem_field already swapped to host here...
                 return (
                     "do { unsigned i; for (i = 0; i < %s%s; ++i) { %s } }"
-                    " while(0);" %
-                    (struct, self.nelem_field.name,
-                     self.type.get_swap_to_host_code(
-                         struct, "%s[i]" % var)))
+                    " while(0);"
+                    % (
+                        struct,
+                        self.nelem_field.name,
+                        self.type.get_swap_to_host_code(struct, "%s[i]" % var),
+                    )
+                )
         return self.type.get_swap_to_host_code(struct, "%s" % var)
 
     def needs_byte_swap(self):
@@ -82,10 +100,14 @@ class CField(Field):
 
     def get_vla_calc_size_code(self, prefix, path):
         if self.is_vla():
-            result = ["sizeof(%s.%s[0]) * %s" % (
-                ".".join([prefix] + path),
-                self.name,
-                self.get_vla_field_length_name(path))]
+            result = [
+                "sizeof(%s.%s[0]) * %s"
+                % (
+                    ".".join([prefix] + path),
+                    self.name,
+                    self.get_vla_field_length_name(path),
+                )
+            ]
         else:
             result = []
         if self.type.has_vla():
@@ -96,10 +118,14 @@ class CField(Field):
     def get_vla_assign_code(self, prefix, path):
         result = []
         if self.is_vla():
-            result.append("%s.%s = %s" % (
-                ".".join([prefix] + path),
-                self.nelem_field.name,
-                self.get_vla_field_length_name(path)))
+            result.append(
+                "%s.%s = %s"
+                % (
+                    ".".join([prefix] + path),
+                    self.nelem_field.name,
+                    self.get_vla_field_length_name(path),
+                )
+            )
         if self.type.has_vla():
             t = self.type.get_vla_assign_code(prefix, path + [self.name])
             result.extend(t)
@@ -113,52 +139,75 @@ class CAlias(CField):
     def get_c_def(self):
         if self.len is not None:
             return "typedef %s vapi_type_%s[%d];" % (
-                self.type.get_c_name(), self.name, self.len)
+                self.type.get_c_name(),
+                self.name,
+                self.len,
+            )
         else:
-            return "typedef %s vapi_type_%s;" % (
-                self.type.get_c_name(), self.name)
+            return "typedef %s vapi_type_%s;" % (self.type.get_c_name(), self.name)
 
 
 class CStruct(Struct):
     def get_c_def(self):
-        return "\n".join([
-            "typedef struct __attribute__((__packed__)) {\n%s" % (
-                "\n".join(["  %s" % x.get_c_def()
-                           for x in self.fields])),
-            "} %s;" % self.get_c_name()])
+        return "\n".join(
+            [
+                "typedef struct __attribute__((__packed__)) {\n%s"
+                % ("\n".join(["  %s" % x.get_c_def() for x in self.fields])),
+                "} %s;" % self.get_c_name(),
+            ]
+        )
 
     def get_vla_assign_code(self, prefix, path):
-        return [x for f in self.fields if f.has_vla()
-                for x in f.get_vla_assign_code(prefix, path)]
+        return [
+            x
+            for f in self.fields
+            if f.has_vla()
+            for x in f.get_vla_assign_code(prefix, path)
+        ]
 
     def get_alloc_vla_param_names(self, path):
-        return [x for f in self.fields
-                if f.has_vla()
-                for x in f.get_alloc_vla_param_names(path)]
+        return [
+            x
+            for f in self.fields
+            if f.has_vla()
+            for x in f.get_alloc_vla_param_names(path)
+        ]
 
     def get_vla_calc_size_code(self, prefix, path):
-        return [x for f in self.fields if f.has_vla()
-                for x in f.get_vla_calc_size_code(prefix, path)]
+        return [
+            x
+            for f in self.fields
+            if f.has_vla()
+            for x in f.get_vla_calc_size_code(prefix, path)
+        ]
 
 
-class CSimpleType (SimpleType):
+class CSimpleType(SimpleType):
 
     swap_to_be_dict = {
-        'i16': 'htobe16', 'u16': 'htobe16',
-        'i32': 'htobe32', 'u32': 'htobe32',
-        'i64': 'htobe64', 'u64': 'htobe64',
+        "i16": "htobe16",
+        "u16": "htobe16",
+        "i32": "htobe32",
+        "u32": "htobe32",
+        "i64": "htobe64",
+        "u64": "htobe64",
     }
 
     swap_to_host_dict = {
-        'i16': 'be16toh', 'u16': 'be16toh',
-        'i32': 'be32toh', 'u32': 'be32toh',
-        'i64': 'be64toh', 'u64': 'be64toh',
+        "i16": "be16toh",
+        "u16": "be16toh",
+        "i32": "be32toh",
+        "u32": "be32toh",
+        "i64": "be64toh",
+        "u64": "be64toh",
     }
 
     __packed = "__attribute__((packed))"
     pack_dict = {
-        'i8':  __packed, 'u8':  __packed,
-        'i16': __packed, 'u16': __packed,
+        "i8": __packed,
+        "u8": __packed,
+        "i16": __packed,
+        "u16": __packed,
     }
 
     def get_c_name(self):
@@ -175,15 +224,21 @@ class CSimpleType (SimpleType):
 
     def get_swap_to_be_code(self, struct, var, cast=None):
         x = "%s%s" % (struct, var)
-        return "%s = %s%s(%s);" % (x,
-                                   "(%s)" % cast if cast else "",
-                                   self.get_swap_to_be_func_name(), x)
+        return "%s = %s%s(%s);" % (
+            x,
+            "(%s)" % cast if cast else "",
+            self.get_swap_to_be_func_name(),
+            x,
+        )
 
     def get_swap_to_host_code(self, struct, var, cast=None):
         x = "%s%s" % (struct, var)
-        return "%s = %s%s(%s);" % (x,
-                                   "(%s)" % cast if cast else "",
-                                   self.get_swap_to_host_func_name(), x)
+        return "%s = %s%s(%s);" % (
+            x,
+            "(%s)" % cast if cast else "",
+            self.get_swap_to_host_func_name(),
+            x,
+        )
 
     def needs_byte_swap(self):
         try:
@@ -205,7 +260,7 @@ class CEnum(Enum):
         return "typedef enum {\n%s\n} %s %s;" % (
             "\n".join(["  %s = %s," % (i, j) for i, j in self.value_pairs]),
             self.type.get_packed(),
-            self.get_c_name()
+            self.get_c_name(),
         )
 
     def needs_byte_swap(self):
@@ -224,16 +279,15 @@ class CUnion(Union):
 
     def get_c_def(self):
         return "typedef union {\n%s\n} %s;" % (
-            "\n".join(["  %s %s;" % (i.get_c_name(), j)
-                       for i, j in self.type_pairs]),
-            self.get_c_name()
+            "\n".join(["  %s %s;" % (i.get_c_name(), j) for i, j in self.type_pairs]),
+            self.get_c_name(),
         )
 
     def needs_byte_swap(self):
         return False
 
 
-class CStructType (StructType, CStruct):
+class CStructType(StructType, CStruct):
     def get_c_name(self):
         return "vapi_type_%s" % self.name
 
@@ -244,27 +298,36 @@ class CStructType (StructType, CStruct):
         return "%s_ntoh" % self.get_c_name()
 
     def get_swap_to_be_func_decl(self):
-        return "void %s(%s *msg)" % (
-            self.get_swap_to_be_func_name(), self.get_c_name())
+        return "void %s(%s *msg)" % (self.get_swap_to_be_func_name(), self.get_c_name())
 
     def get_swap_to_be_func_def(self):
         return "%s\n{\n%s\n}" % (
             self.get_swap_to_be_func_decl(),
-            "\n".join([
-                "  %s" % p.get_swap_to_be_code("msg->", "%s" % p.name)
-                for p in self.fields if p.needs_byte_swap()]),
+            "\n".join(
+                [
+                    "  %s" % p.get_swap_to_be_code("msg->", "%s" % p.name)
+                    for p in self.fields
+                    if p.needs_byte_swap()
+                ]
+            ),
         )
 
     def get_swap_to_host_func_decl(self):
         return "void %s(%s *msg)" % (
-            self.get_swap_to_host_func_name(), self.get_c_name())
+            self.get_swap_to_host_func_name(),
+            self.get_c_name(),
+        )
 
     def get_swap_to_host_func_def(self):
         return "%s\n{\n%s\n}" % (
             self.get_swap_to_host_func_decl(),
-            "\n".join([
-                "  %s" % p.get_swap_to_host_code("msg->", "%s" % p.name)
-                for p in self.fields if p.needs_byte_swap()]),
+            "\n".join(
+                [
+                    "  %s" % p.get_swap_to_host_code("msg->", "%s" % p.name)
+                    for p in self.fields
+                    if p.needs_byte_swap()
+                ]
+            ),
         )
 
     def get_swap_to_be_code(self, struct, var):
@@ -280,13 +343,11 @@ class CStructType (StructType, CStruct):
         return False
 
 
-class CMessage (Message):
+class CMessage(Message):
     def __init__(self, logger, definition, json_parser):
         super(CMessage, self).__init__(logger, definition, json_parser)
         self.payload_members = [
-            "  %s" % p.get_c_def()
-            for p in self.fields
-            if p.type != self.header
+            "  %s" % p.get_c_def() for p in self.fields if p.type != self.header
         ]
 
     def has_payload(self):
@@ -305,46 +366,65 @@ class CMessage (Message):
         return "vapi_alloc_%s" % self.name
 
     def get_alloc_vla_param_names(self):
-        return [x for f in self.fields
-                if f.has_vla()
-                for x in f.get_alloc_vla_param_names([])]
+        return [
+            x
+            for f in self.fields
+            if f.has_vla()
+            for x in f.get_alloc_vla_param_names([])
+        ]
 
     def get_alloc_func_decl(self):
         return "%s* %s(struct vapi_ctx_s *ctx%s)" % (
             self.get_c_name(),
             self.get_alloc_func_name(),
-            "".join([", size_t %s" % n for n in
-                     self.get_alloc_vla_param_names()]))
+            "".join([", size_t %s" % n for n in self.get_alloc_vla_param_names()]),
+        )
 
     def get_alloc_func_def(self):
         extra = []
-        if self.header.has_field('client_index'):
-            extra.append(
-                "  msg->header.client_index = vapi_get_client_index(ctx);")
-        if self.header.has_field('context'):
+        if self.header.has_field("client_index"):
+            extra.append("  msg->header.client_index = vapi_get_client_index(ctx);")
+        if self.header.has_field("context"):
             extra.append("  msg->header.context = 0;")
-        return "\n".join([
-            "%s" % self.get_alloc_func_decl(),
-            "{",
-            "  %s *msg = NULL;" % self.get_c_name(),
-            "  const size_t size = sizeof(%s)%s;" % (
-                self.get_c_name(),
-                "".join([" + %s" % x for f in self.fields if f.has_vla()
-                         for x in f.get_vla_calc_size_code("msg->payload",
-                                                           [])])),
-            "  /* cast here required to play nicely with C++ world ... */",
-            "  msg = (%s*)vapi_msg_alloc(ctx, size);" % self.get_c_name(),
-            "  if (!msg) {",
-            "    return NULL;",
-            "  }",
-        ] + extra + [
-            "  msg->header._vl_msg_id = vapi_lookup_vl_msg_id(ctx, %s);" %
-            self.get_msg_id_name(),
-            "".join(["  %s;\n" % line
-                     for f in self.fields if f.has_vla()
-                     for line in f.get_vla_assign_code("msg->payload", [])]),
-            "  return msg;",
-            "}"])
+        return "\n".join(
+            [
+                "%s" % self.get_alloc_func_decl(),
+                "{",
+                "  %s *msg = NULL;" % self.get_c_name(),
+                "  const size_t size = sizeof(%s)%s;"
+                % (
+                    self.get_c_name(),
+                    "".join(
+                        [
+                            " + %s" % x
+                            for f in self.fields
+                            if f.has_vla()
+                            for x in f.get_vla_calc_size_code("msg->payload", [])
+                        ]
+                    ),
+                ),
+                "  /* cast here required to play nicely with C++ world ... */",
+                "  msg = (%s*)vapi_msg_alloc(ctx, size);" % self.get_c_name(),
+                "  if (!msg) {",
+                "    return NULL;",
+                "  }",
+            ]
+            + extra
+            + [
+                "  msg->header._vl_msg_id = vapi_lookup_vl_msg_id(ctx, %s);"
+                % self.get_msg_id_name(),
+                "".join(
+                    [
+                        "  %s;\n" % line
+                        for f in self.fields
+                        if f.has_vla()
+                        for line in f.get_vla_assign_code("msg->payload", [])
+                    ]
+                ),
+                "  return msg;",
+                "}",
+            ]
+        )
 
     def get_calc_msg_size_func_name(self):
         return "vapi_calc_%s_msg_size" % self.name
@@ -352,21 +432,26 @@ class CMessage (Message):
     def get_calc_msg_size_func_decl(self):
         return "uword %s(%s *msg)" % (
             self.get_calc_msg_size_func_name(),
-            self.get_c_name())
+            self.get_c_name(),
+        )
 
     def get_calc_msg_size_func_def(self):
-        return "\n".join([
-            "%s" % self.get_calc_msg_size_func_decl(),
-            "{",
-            "  return sizeof(*msg)%s;" %
-            "".join(["+ msg->payload.%s * sizeof(msg->payload.%s[0])" % (
-                    f.nelem_field.name,
-                    f.name)
-                for f in self.fields
-                if f.nelem_field is not None
-            ]),
-            "}",
-        ])
+        return "\n".join(
+            [
+                "%s" % self.get_calc_msg_size_func_decl(),
+                "{",
+                "  return sizeof(*msg)%s;"
+                % "".join(
+                    [
+                        "+ msg->payload.%s * sizeof(msg->payload.%s[0])"
+                        % (f.nelem_field.name, f.name)
+                        for f in self.fields
+                        if f.nelem_field is not None
+                    ]
+                ),
+                "}",
+            ]
+        )
 
     def get_verify_msg_size_func_name(self):
         return f"vapi_verify_{self.name}_msg_size"
@@ -374,7 +459,8 @@ class CMessage (Message):
     def get_verify_msg_size_func_decl(self):
         return "int %s(%s *msg, uword buf_size)" % (
             self.get_verify_msg_size_func_name(),
-            self.get_c_name())
+            self.get_c_name(),
+        )
 
     def get_verify_msg_size_func_def(self):
         return inspect.cleandoc(
@@ -397,29 +483,39 @@ class CMessage (Message):
                 }}
               return 0;
             }}
-        """)
+        """
+        )
 
     def get_c_def(self):
         if self.has_payload():
-            return "\n".join([
-                "typedef struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) {",
-                "%s " %
-                "\n".join(self.payload_members),
-                "} %s;" % self.get_payload_struct_name(),
-                "",
-                "typedef struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) {",
-                ("  %s %s;" % (self.header.get_c_name(),
-                               self.fields[0].name)
-                    if self.header is not None else ""),
-                "  %s payload;" % self.get_payload_struct_name(),
-                "} %s;" % self.get_c_name(), ])
+            return "\n".join(
+                [
+                    "typedef struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) {",
+                    "%s " % "\n".join(self.payload_members),
+                    "} %s;" % self.get_payload_struct_name(),
+                    "",
+                    "typedef struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) {",
+                    (
+                        "  %s %s;" % (self.header.get_c_name(), self.fields[0].name)
+                        if self.header is not None
+                        else ""
+                    ),
+                    "  %s payload;" % self.get_payload_struct_name(),
+                    "} %s;" % self.get_c_name(),
+                ]
+            )
         else:
-            return "\n".join([
-                "typedef struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) {",
-                ("  %s %s;" % (self.header.get_c_name(),
-                               self.fields[0].name)
-                    if self.header is not None else ""),
-                "} %s;" % self.get_c_name(), ])
+            return "\n".join(
+                [
+                    "typedef struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) {",
+                    (
+                        "  %s %s;" % (self.header.get_c_name(), self.fields[0].name)
+                        if self.header is not None
+                        else ""
+                    ),
+                    "} %s;" % self.get_c_name(),
+                ]
+            )
 
     def get_swap_payload_to_host_func_name(self):
         return "%s_payload_ntoh" % self.get_c_name()
@@ -430,29 +526,37 @@ class CMessage (Message):
     def get_swap_payload_to_host_func_decl(self):
         return "void %s(%s *payload)" % (
             self.get_swap_payload_to_host_func_name(),
-            self.get_payload_struct_name())
+            self.get_payload_struct_name(),
+        )
 
     def get_swap_payload_to_be_func_decl(self):
         return "void %s(%s *payload)" % (
             self.get_swap_payload_to_be_func_name(),
-            self.get_payload_struct_name())
+            self.get_payload_struct_name(),
+        )
 
     def get_swap_payload_to_be_func_def(self):
         return "%s\n{\n%s\n}" % (
             self.get_swap_payload_to_be_func_decl(),
-            "\n".join([
-                "  %s" % p.get_swap_to_be_code("payload->", "%s" % p.name)
-                for p in self.fields
-                if p.needs_byte_swap() and p.type != self.header]),
+            "\n".join(
+                [
+                    "  %s" % p.get_swap_to_be_code("payload->", "%s" % p.name)
+                    for p in self.fields
+                    if p.needs_byte_swap() and p.type != self.header
+                ]
+            ),
         )
 
     def get_swap_payload_to_host_func_def(self):
         return "%s\n{\n%s\n}" % (
             self.get_swap_payload_to_host_func_decl(),
-            "\n".join([
-                "  %s" % p.get_swap_to_host_code("payload->", "%s" % p.name)
-                for p in self.fields
-                if p.needs_byte_swap() and p.type != self.header]),
+            "\n".join(
+                [
+                    "  %s" % p.get_swap_to_host_code("payload->", "%s" % p.name)
+                    for p in self.fields
+                    if p.needs_byte_swap() and p.type != self.header
+                ]
+            ),
         )
 
     def get_swap_to_host_func_name(self):
@@ -463,37 +567,50 @@ class CMessage (Message):
 
     def get_swap_to_host_func_decl(self):
         return "void %s(%s *msg)" % (
-            self.get_swap_to_host_func_name(), self.get_c_name())
+            self.get_swap_to_host_func_name(),
+            self.get_c_name(),
+        )
 
     def get_swap_to_be_func_decl(self):
-        return "void %s(%s *msg)" % (
-            self.get_swap_to_be_func_name(), self.get_c_name())
+        return "void %s(%s *msg)" % (self.get_swap_to_be_func_name(), self.get_c_name())
 
     def get_swap_to_be_func_def(self):
-        return "\n".join([
-            "%s" % self.get_swap_to_be_func_decl(),
-            "{",
-            ("  VAPI_DBG(\"Swapping `%s'@%%p to big endian\", msg);" %
-                self.get_c_name()),
-            "  %s(&msg->header);" % self.header.get_swap_to_be_func_name()
-            if self.header is not None else "",
-            "  %s(&msg->payload);" % self.get_swap_payload_to_be_func_name()
-            if self.has_payload() else "",
-            "}",
-        ])
+        return "\n".join(
+            [
+                "%s" % self.get_swap_to_be_func_decl(),
+                "{",
+                (
+                    '  VAPI_DBG("Swapping `%s\'@%%p to big endian", msg);'
+                    % self.get_c_name()
+                ),
+                "  %s(&msg->header);" % self.header.get_swap_to_be_func_name()
+                if self.header is not None
+                else "",
+                "  %s(&msg->payload);" % self.get_swap_payload_to_be_func_name()
+                if self.has_payload()
+                else "",
+                "}",
+            ]
+        )
 
     def get_swap_to_host_func_def(self):
-        return "\n".join([
-            "%s" % self.get_swap_to_host_func_decl(),
-            "{",
-            ("  VAPI_DBG(\"Swapping `%s'@%%p to host byte order\", msg);" %
-                self.get_c_name()),
-            "  %s(&msg->header);" % self.header.get_swap_to_host_func_name()
-            if self.header is not None else "",
-            "  %s(&msg->payload);" % self.get_swap_payload_to_host_func_name()
-            if self.has_payload() else "",
-            "}",
-        ])
+        return "\n".join(
+            [
+                "%s" % self.get_swap_to_host_func_decl(),
+                "{",
+                (
+                    '  VAPI_DBG("Swapping `%s\'@%%p to host byte order", msg);'
+                    % self.get_c_name()
+                ),
+                "  %s(&msg->header);" % self.header.get_swap_to_host_func_name()
+                if self.header is not None
+                else "",
+                "  %s(&msg->payload);" % self.get_swap_payload_to_host_func_name()
+                if self.has_payload()
+                else "",
+                "}",
+            ]
+        )
 
     def get_op_func_name(self):
         return "vapi_%s" % self.name
@@ -502,111 +619,126 @@ class CMessage (Message):
         if self.reply.has_payload():
             return "vapi_error_e %s(%s)" % (
                 self.get_op_func_name(),
-                ",\n  ".join([
-                    'struct vapi_ctx_s *ctx',
-                    '%s *msg' % self.get_c_name(),
-                    'vapi_error_e (*callback)(struct vapi_ctx_s *ctx',
-                    '                         void *callback_ctx',
-                    '                         vapi_error_e rv',
-                    '                         bool is_last',
-                    '                         %s *reply)' %
-                    self.reply.get_payload_struct_name(),
-                    'void *callback_ctx',
-                ])
+                ",\n  ".join(
+                    [
+                        "struct vapi_ctx_s *ctx",
+                        "%s *msg" % self.get_c_name(),
+                        "vapi_error_e (*callback)(struct vapi_ctx_s *ctx",
+                        "                         void *callback_ctx",
+                        "                         vapi_error_e rv",
+                        "                         bool is_last",
+                        "                         %s *reply)"
+                        % self.reply.get_payload_struct_name(),
+                        "void *callback_ctx",
+                    ]
+                ),
             )
         else:
             return "vapi_error_e %s(%s)" % (
                 self.get_op_func_name(),
-                ",\n  ".join([
-                    'struct vapi_ctx_s *ctx',
-                    '%s *msg' % self.get_c_name(),
-                    'vapi_error_e (*callback)(struct vapi_ctx_s *ctx',
-                    '                         void *callback_ctx',
-                    '                         vapi_error_e rv',
-                    '                         bool is_last)',
-                    'void *callback_ctx',
-                ])
+                ",\n  ".join(
+                    [
+                        "struct vapi_ctx_s *ctx",
+                        "%s *msg" % self.get_c_name(),
+                        "vapi_error_e (*callback)(struct vapi_ctx_s *ctx",
+                        "                         void *callback_ctx",
+                        "                         vapi_error_e rv",
+                        "                         bool is_last)",
+                        "void *callback_ctx",
+                    ]
+                ),
             )
 
     def get_op_func_def(self):
-        return "\n".join([
-            "%s" % self.get_op_func_decl(),
-            "{",
-            "  if (!msg || !callback) {",
-            "    return VAPI_EINVAL;",
-            "  }",
-            "  if (vapi_is_nonblocking(ctx) && vapi_requests_full(ctx)) {",
-            "    return VAPI_EAGAIN;",
-            "  }",
-            "  vapi_error_e rv;",
-            "  if (VAPI_OK != (rv = vapi_producer_lock (ctx))) {",
-            "    return rv;",
-            "  }",
-            "  u32 req_context = vapi_gen_req_context(ctx);",
-            "  msg->header.context = req_context;",
-            "  %s(msg);" % self.get_swap_to_be_func_name(),
-            ("  if (VAPI_OK == (rv = vapi_send_with_control_ping "
-                "(ctx, msg, req_context))) {"
-                if self.reply_is_stream else
-                "  if (VAPI_OK == (rv = vapi_send (ctx, msg))) {"
-             ),
-            ("    vapi_store_request(ctx, req_context, %s, "
-             "(vapi_cb_t)callback, callback_ctx);" %
-             ("true" if self.reply_is_stream else "false")),
-            "    if (VAPI_OK != vapi_producer_unlock (ctx)) {",
-            "      abort (); /* this really shouldn't happen */",
-            "    }",
-            "    if (vapi_is_nonblocking(ctx)) {",
-            "      rv = VAPI_OK;",
-            "    } else {",
-            "      rv = vapi_dispatch(ctx);",
-            "    }",
-            "  } else {",
-            "    %s(msg);" % self.get_swap_to_host_func_name(),
-            "    if (VAPI_OK != vapi_producer_unlock (ctx)) {",
-            "      abort (); /* this really shouldn't happen */",
-            "    }",
-            "  }",
-            "  return rv;",
-            "}",
-            "",
-        ])
+        return "\n".join(
+            [
+                "%s" % self.get_op_func_decl(),
+                "{",
+                "  if (!msg || !callback) {",
+                "    return VAPI_EINVAL;",
+                "  }",
+                "  if (vapi_is_nonblocking(ctx) && vapi_requests_full(ctx)) {",
+                "    return VAPI_EAGAIN;",
+                "  }",
+                "  vapi_error_e rv;",
+                "  if (VAPI_OK != (rv = vapi_producer_lock (ctx))) {",
+                "    return rv;",
+                "  }",
+                "  u32 req_context = vapi_gen_req_context(ctx);",
+                "  msg->header.context = req_context;",
+                "  %s(msg);" % self.get_swap_to_be_func_name(),
+                (
+                    "  if (VAPI_OK == (rv = vapi_send_with_control_ping "
+                    "(ctx, msg, req_context))) {"
+                    if self.reply_is_stream
+                    else "  if (VAPI_OK == (rv = vapi_send (ctx, msg))) {"
+                ),
+                (
+                    "    vapi_store_request(ctx, req_context, %s, "
+                    "(vapi_cb_t)callback, callback_ctx);"
+                    % ("true" if self.reply_is_stream else "false")
+                ),
+                "    if (VAPI_OK != vapi_producer_unlock (ctx)) {",
+                "      abort (); /* this really shouldn't happen */",
+                "    }",
+                "    if (vapi_is_nonblocking(ctx)) {",
+                "      rv = VAPI_OK;",
+                "    } else {",
+                "      rv = vapi_dispatch(ctx);",
+                "    }",
+                "  } else {",
+                "    %s(msg);" % self.get_swap_to_host_func_name(),
+                "    if (VAPI_OK != vapi_producer_unlock (ctx)) {",
+                "      abort (); /* this really shouldn't happen */",
+                "    }",
+                "  }",
+                "  return rv;",
+                "}",
+                "",
+            ]
+        )
 
     def get_event_cb_func_decl(self):
         if not self.is_reply and not self.is_event:
-            raise Exception(
-                "Cannot register event callback for non-reply message")
+            raise Exception("Cannot register event callback for non-reply message")
         if self.has_payload():
-            return "\n".join([
-                "void vapi_set_%s_event_cb (" %
-                self.get_c_name(),
-                "  struct vapi_ctx_s *ctx, ",
-                ("  vapi_error_e (*callback)(struct vapi_ctx_s *ctx, "
-                 "void *callback_ctx, %s *payload)," %
-                 self.get_payload_struct_name()),
-                "  void *callback_ctx)",
-            ])
+            return "\n".join(
+                [
+                    "void vapi_set_%s_event_cb (" % self.get_c_name(),
+                    "  struct vapi_ctx_s *ctx, ",
+                    (
+                        "  vapi_error_e (*callback)(struct vapi_ctx_s *ctx, "
+                        "void *callback_ctx, %s *payload),"
+                        % self.get_payload_struct_name()
+                    ),
+                    "  void *callback_ctx)",
+                ]
+            )
         else:
-            return "\n".join([
-                "void vapi_set_%s_event_cb (" %
-                self.get_c_name(),
-                "  struct vapi_ctx_s *ctx, ",
-                "  vapi_error_e (*callback)(struct vapi_ctx_s *ctx, "
-                "void *callback_ctx),",
-                "  void *callback_ctx)",
-            ])
+            return "\n".join(
+                [
+                    "void vapi_set_%s_event_cb (" % self.get_c_name(),
+                    "  struct vapi_ctx_s *ctx, ",
+                    "  vapi_error_e (*callback)(struct vapi_ctx_s *ctx, "
+                    "void *callback_ctx),",
+                    "  void *callback_ctx)",
+                ]
+            )
 
     def get_event_cb_func_def(self):
         if not self.is_reply and not self.is_event:
-            raise Exception(
-                "Cannot register event callback for non-reply function")
-        return "\n".join([
-            "%s" % self.get_event_cb_func_decl(),
-            "{",
-            ("  vapi_set_event_cb(ctx, %s, (vapi_event_cb)callback, "
-             "callback_ctx);" %
-             self.get_msg_id_name()),
-            "}"])
+            raise Exception("Cannot register event callback for non-reply function")
+        return "\n".join(
+            [
+                "%s" % self.get_event_cb_func_decl(),
+                "{",
+                (
+                    "  vapi_set_event_cb(ctx, %s, (vapi_event_cb)callback, "
+                    "callback_ctx);" % self.get_msg_id_name()
+                ),
+                "}",
+            ]
+        )
 
     def get_c_metadata_struct_name(self):
         return "__vapi_metadata_%s" % self.name
@@ -614,38 +746,41 @@ class CMessage (Message):
     def get_c_constructor(self):
         has_context = False
         if self.header is not None:
-            has_context = self.header.has_field('context')
-        return '\n'.join([
-            'static void __attribute__((constructor)) __vapi_constructor_%s()'
-            % self.name,
-            '{',
-            '  static const char name[] = "%s";' % self.name,
-            '  static const char name_with_crc[] = "%s_%s";'
-            % (self.name, self.crc[2:]),
-            '  static vapi_message_desc_t %s = {' %
-            self.get_c_metadata_struct_name(),
-            '    name,',
-            '    sizeof(name) - 1,',
-            '    name_with_crc,',
-            '    sizeof(name_with_crc) - 1,',
-            '    true,' if has_context else '    false,',
-            '    offsetof(%s, context),' % self.header.get_c_name()
-            if has_context else '    0,',
-            ('    offsetof(%s, payload),' % self.get_c_name())
-            if self.has_payload() else '    VAPI_INVALID_MSG_ID,',
-            '    (verify_msg_size_fn_t)%s,' %
-            self.get_verify_msg_size_func_name(),
-            '    (generic_swap_fn_t)%s,' % self.get_swap_to_be_func_name(),
-            '    (generic_swap_fn_t)%s,' % self.get_swap_to_host_func_name(),
-            '    VAPI_INVALID_MSG_ID,',
-            '  };',
-            '',
-            '  %s = vapi_register_msg(&%s);' %
-            (self.get_msg_id_name(), self.get_c_metadata_struct_name()),
-            '  VAPI_DBG("Assigned msg id %%d to %s", %s);' %
-            (self.name, self.get_msg_id_name()),
-            '}',
-        ])
+            has_context = self.header.has_field("context")
+        return "\n".join(
+            [
+                "static void __attribute__((constructor)) __vapi_constructor_%s()"
+                % self.name,
+                "{",
+                '  static const char name[] = "%s";' % self.name,
+                '  static const char name_with_crc[] = "%s_%s";'
+                % (self.name, self.crc[2:]),
+                "  static vapi_message_desc_t %s = {"
+                % self.get_c_metadata_struct_name(),
+                "    name,",
+                "    sizeof(name) - 1,",
+                "    name_with_crc,",
+                "    sizeof(name_with_crc) - 1,",
+                "    true," if has_context else "    false,",
+                "    offsetof(%s, context)," % self.header.get_c_name()
+                if has_context
+                else "    0,",
+                ("    offsetof(%s, payload)," % self.get_c_name())
+                if self.has_payload()
+                else "    VAPI_INVALID_MSG_ID,",
+                "    (verify_msg_size_fn_t)%s," % self.get_verify_msg_size_func_name(),
+                "    (generic_swap_fn_t)%s," % self.get_swap_to_be_func_name(),
+                "    (generic_swap_fn_t)%s," % self.get_swap_to_host_func_name(),
+                "    VAPI_INVALID_MSG_ID,",
+                "  };",
+                "",
+                "  %s = vapi_register_msg(&%s);"
+                % (self.get_msg_id_name(), self.get_c_metadata_struct_name()),
+                '  VAPI_DBG("Assigned msg id %%d to %s", %s);'
+                % (self.name, self.get_msg_id_name()),
+                "}",
+            ]
+        )
 
 
 def emit_definition(parser, json_file, emitted, o):
@@ -659,11 +794,13 @@ def emit_definition(parser, json_file, emitted, o):
     if hasattr(o, "reply"):
         emit_definition(parser, json_file, emitted, o.reply)
     if hasattr(o, "get_c_def"):
-        if (o not in parser.enums_by_json[json_file] and
-                o not in parser.types_by_json[json_file] and
-                o not in parser.unions_by_json[json_file] and
-                o.name not in parser.messages_by_json[json_file] and
-                o not in parser.aliases_by_json[json_file]):
+        if (
+            o not in parser.enums_by_json[json_file]
+            and o not in parser.types_by_json[json_file]
+            and o not in parser.unions_by_json[json_file]
+            and o.name not in parser.messages_by_json[json_file]
+            and o not in parser.aliases_by_json[json_file]
+        ):
             return
         guard = "defined_%s" % o.get_c_name()
         print("#ifndef %s" % guard)
@@ -673,11 +810,9 @@ def emit_definition(parser, json_file, emitted, o):
         function_attrs = "static inline "
         if o.name in parser.messages_by_json[json_file]:
             if o.has_payload():
-                print("%s%s" % (function_attrs,
-                                o.get_swap_payload_to_be_func_def()))
+                print("%s%s" % (function_attrs, o.get_swap_payload_to_be_func_def()))
                 print("")
-                print("%s%s" % (function_attrs,
-                                o.get_swap_payload_to_host_func_def()))
+                print("%s%s" % (function_attrs, o.get_swap_payload_to_host_func_def()))
                 print("")
             print("%s%s" % (function_attrs, o.get_swap_to_be_func_def()))
             print("")
@@ -711,8 +846,12 @@ def gen_json_unified_header(parser, logger, j, io, name):
     orig_stdout = sys.stdout
     sys.stdout = io
     include_guard = "__included_%s" % (
-        j.replace(".", "_").replace("/", "_").replace("-", "_").replace(
-            "+", "_").replace("@", "_"))
+        j.replace(".", "_")
+        .replace("/", "_")
+        .replace("-", "_")
+        .replace("+", "_")
+        .replace("@", "_")
+    )
     print("#ifndef %s" % include_guard)
     print("#define %s" % include_guard)
     print("")
@@ -724,12 +863,14 @@ def gen_json_unified_header(parser, logger, j, io, name):
     print("#include ")
     print("")
     print("#ifdef __cplusplus")
-    print("extern \"C\" {")
+    print('extern "C" {')
     print("#endif")
     if name == "memclnt.api.vapi.h":
         print("")
-        print("static inline vapi_error_e vapi_send_with_control_ping "
-              "(vapi_ctx_t ctx, void * msg, u32 context);")
+        print(
+            "static inline vapi_error_e vapi_send_with_control_ping "
+            "(vapi_ctx_t ctx, void * msg, u32 context);"
+        )
     elif name == "vlib.api.vapi.h":
         print("#include ")
     else:
@@ -738,12 +879,18 @@ def gen_json_unified_header(parser, logger, j, io, name):
     for m in parser.messages_by_json[j].values():
         print("extern vapi_msg_id_t %s;" % m.get_msg_id_name())
     print("")
-    print("#define DEFINE_VAPI_MSG_IDS_%s\\" %
-          f.replace(".", "_").replace("/", "_").replace("-", "_").upper())
-    print("\\\n".join([
-        "  vapi_msg_id_t %s;" % m.get_msg_id_name()
-        for m in parser.messages_by_json[j].values()
-    ]))
+    print(
+        "#define DEFINE_VAPI_MSG_IDS_%s\\"
+        % f.replace(".", "_").replace("/", "_").replace("-", "_").upper()
+    )
+    print(
+        "\\\n".join(
+            [
+                "  vapi_msg_id_t %s;" % m.get_msg_id_name()
+                for m in parser.messages_by_json[j].values()
+            ]
+        )
+    )
     print("")
     print("")
     emitted = []
@@ -802,12 +949,11 @@ def gen_c_unified_headers(parser, logger, prefix, remove_path):
             d, f = os.path.split(j)
         else:
             f = j
-        with open('%s%s' % (prefix, json_to_c_header_name(f)), "w") as io:
-            gen_json_unified_header(
-                parser, logger, j, io, json_to_c_header_name(f))
+        with open("%s%s" % (prefix, json_to_c_header_name(f)), "w") as io:
+            gen_json_unified_header(parser, logger, j, io, json_to_c_header_name(f))
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     try:
         verbose = int(os.getenv("V", 0))
     except:
@@ -825,23 +971,30 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
     logger.setLevel(log_level)
 
     argparser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="VPP C API generator")
-    argparser.add_argument('files', metavar='api-file', action='append',
-                           type=str, help='json api file'
-                           '(may be specified multiple times)')
-    argparser.add_argument('--prefix', action='store', default=None,
-                           help='path prefix')
-    argparser.add_argument('--remove-path', action='store_true',
-                           help='remove path from filename')
+    argparser.add_argument(
+        "files",
+        metavar="api-file",
+        action="append",
+        type=str,
+        help="json api file" "(may be specified multiple times)",
+    )
+    argparser.add_argument("--prefix", action="store", default=None, help="path prefix")
+    argparser.add_argument(
+        "--remove-path", action="store_true", help="remove path from filename"
+    )
     args = argparser.parse_args()
 
-    jsonparser = JsonParser(logger, args.files,
-                            simple_type_class=CSimpleType,
-                            enum_class=CEnum,
-                            union_class=CUnion,
-                            struct_type_class=CStructType,
-                            field_class=CField,
-                            message_class=CMessage,
-                            alias_class=CAlias)
+    jsonparser = JsonParser(
+        logger,
+        args.files,
+        simple_type_class=CSimpleType,
+        enum_class=CEnum,
+        union_class=CUnion,
+        struct_type_class=CStructType,
+        field_class=CField,
+        message_class=CMessage,
+        alias_class=CAlias,
+    )
 
     # not using the model of having separate generated header and code files
     # with generated symbols present in shared library (per discussion with
diff --git a/src/vpp-api/vapi/vapi_cpp_gen.py b/src/vpp-api/vapi/vapi_cpp_gen.py
index 7bc2e7fecf0..33744a3d58c 100755
--- a/src/vpp-api/vapi/vapi_cpp_gen.py
+++ b/src/vpp-api/vapi/vapi_cpp_gen.py
@@ -4,8 +4,16 @@ import argparse
 import os
 import sys
 import logging
-from vapi_c_gen import CField, CEnum, CStruct, CSimpleType, CStructType,\
-    CMessage, json_to_c_header_name, CAlias
+from vapi_c_gen import (
+    CField,
+    CEnum,
+    CStruct,
+    CSimpleType,
+    CStructType,
+    CMessage,
+    json_to_c_header_name,
+    CAlias,
+)
 from vapi_json_parser import JsonParser
 
 
@@ -25,53 +33,64 @@ class CppAlias(CAlias):
     pass
 
 
-class CppSimpleType (CSimpleType):
+class CppSimpleType(CSimpleType):
     pass
 
 
-class CppStructType (CStructType, CppStruct):
+class CppStructType(CStructType, CppStruct):
     pass
 
 
-class CppMessage (CMessage):
+class CppMessage(CMessage):
     def get_swap_to_be_template_instantiation(self):
-        return "\n".join([
-            "template <> inline void vapi_swap_to_be<%s>(%s *msg)" %
-            (self.get_c_name(), self.get_c_name()),
-            "{",
-            "  %s(msg);" % self.get_swap_to_be_func_name(),
-            "}",
-        ])
+        return "\n".join(
+            [
+                "template <> inline void vapi_swap_to_be<%s>(%s *msg)"
+                % (self.get_c_name(), self.get_c_name()),
+                "{",
+                "  %s(msg);" % self.get_swap_to_be_func_name(),
+                "}",
+            ]
+        )
 
     def get_swap_to_host_template_instantiation(self):
-        return "\n".join([
-            "template <> inline void vapi_swap_to_host<%s>(%s *msg)" %
-            (self.get_c_name(), self.get_c_name()),
-            "{",
-            "  %s(msg);" % self.get_swap_to_host_func_name(),
-            "}",
-        ])
+        return "\n".join(
+            [
+                "template <> inline void vapi_swap_to_host<%s>(%s *msg)"
+                % (self.get_c_name(), self.get_c_name()),
+                "{",
+                "  %s(msg);" % self.get_swap_to_host_func_name(),
+                "}",
+            ]
+        )
 
     def get_alloc_template_instantiation(self):
-        return "\n".join([
-            "template <> inline %s* vapi_alloc<%s%s>"
-            "(Connection &con%s)" %
-            (self.get_c_name(), self.get_c_name(),
-                ", size_t" * len(self.get_alloc_vla_param_names()),
-                "".join([", size_t %s" % n for n in
-                         self.get_alloc_vla_param_names()])
-             ),
-            "{",
-            "  %s* result = %s(con.vapi_ctx%s);" %
-            (self.get_c_name(), self.get_alloc_func_name(),
-                "".join([", %s" % n
-                         for n in self.get_alloc_vla_param_names()])),
-            "#if VAPI_CPP_DEBUG_LEAKS",
-            "  con.on_shm_data_alloc(result);",
-            "#endif",
-            "  return result;",
-            "}",
-        ])
+        return "\n".join(
+            [
+                "template <> inline %s* vapi_alloc<%s%s>"
+                "(Connection &con%s)"
+                % (
+                    self.get_c_name(),
+                    self.get_c_name(),
+                    ", size_t" * len(self.get_alloc_vla_param_names()),
+                    "".join(
+                        [", size_t %s" % n for n in self.get_alloc_vla_param_names()]
+                    ),
+                ),
+                "{",
+                "  %s* result = %s(con.vapi_ctx%s);"
+                % (
+                    self.get_c_name(),
+                    self.get_alloc_func_name(),
+                    "".join([", %s" % n for n in self.get_alloc_vla_param_names()]),
+                ),
+                "#if VAPI_CPP_DEBUG_LEAKS",
+                "  con.on_shm_data_alloc(result);",
+                "#endif",
+                "  return result;",
+                "}",
+            ]
+        )
 
     def get_cpp_name(self):
         return "%s%s" % (self.name[0].upper(), self.name[1:])
@@ -86,51 +105,60 @@ class CppMessage (CMessage):
             template,
             self.get_c_name(),
             self.reply.get_c_name(),
-            "".join([", size_t"] * len(self.get_alloc_vla_param_names()))
+            "".join([", size_t"] * len(self.get_alloc_vla_param_names())),
         )
 
     def get_req_template_instantiation(self):
         return "template class %s;" % self.get_req_template_name()
 
     def get_type_alias(self):
-        return "using %s = %s;" % (
-            self.get_cpp_name(), self.get_req_template_name())
+        return "using %s = %s;" % (self.get_cpp_name(), self.get_req_template_name())
 
     def get_reply_template_name(self):
         return "Msg<%s>" % (self.get_c_name())
 
     def get_reply_type_alias(self):
-        return "using %s = %s;" % (
-            self.get_cpp_name(), self.get_reply_template_name())
+        return "using %s = %s;" % (self.get_cpp_name(), self.get_reply_template_name())
 
     def get_msg_class_instantiation(self):
         return "template class Msg<%s>;" % self.get_c_name()
 
     def get_get_msg_id_t_instantiation(self):
-        return "\n".join([
-            ("template <> inline vapi_msg_id_t vapi_get_msg_id_t<%s>()"
-                % self.get_c_name()),
-            "{",
-            "  return ::%s; " % self.get_msg_id_name(),
-            "}",
-            "",
-            ("template <> inline vapi_msg_id_t "
-             "vapi_get_msg_id_t>()" % self.get_c_name()),
-            "{",
-            "  return ::%s; " % self.get_msg_id_name(),
-            "}",
-        ])
+        return "\n".join(
+            [
+                (
+                    "template <> inline vapi_msg_id_t vapi_get_msg_id_t<%s>()"
+                    % self.get_c_name()
+                ),
+                "{",
+                "  return ::%s; " % self.get_msg_id_name(),
+                "}",
+                "",
+                (
+                    "template <> inline vapi_msg_id_t "
+                    "vapi_get_msg_id_t>()" % self.get_c_name()
+                ),
+                "{",
+                "  return ::%s; " % self.get_msg_id_name(),
+                "}",
+            ]
+        )
 
     def get_cpp_constructor(self):
-        return '\n'.join([
-            ('static void __attribute__((constructor)) '
-             '__vapi_cpp_constructor_%s()'
-             % self.name),
-            '{',
-            ('  vapi::vapi_msg_set_msg_id<%s>(%s);' % (
-                self.get_c_name(), self.get_msg_id_name())),
-            '}',
-        ])
+        return "\n".join(
+            [
+                (
+                    "static void __attribute__((constructor)) "
+                    "__vapi_cpp_constructor_%s()" % self.name
+                ),
+                "{",
+                (
+                    "  vapi::vapi_msg_set_msg_id<%s>(%s);"
+                    % (self.get_c_name(), self.get_msg_id_name())
+                ),
+                "}",
+            ]
+        )
 
 
 def gen_json_header(parser, logger, j, io, gen_h_prefix, add_debug_comments):
@@ -139,8 +167,8 @@ def gen_json_header(parser, logger, j, io, gen_h_prefix, add_debug_comments):
     sys.stdout = io
     d, f = os.path.split(j)
     include_guard = "__included_hpp_%s" % (
-        f.replace(".", "_").replace("/", "_").replace("-", "_").replace(
-            "@", "_"))
+        f.replace(".", "_").replace("/", "_").replace("-", "_").replace("@", "_")
+    )
     print("#ifndef %s" % include_guard)
     print("#define %s" % include_guard)
     print("")
@@ -202,8 +230,9 @@ def json_to_cpp_header_name(json_name):
     raise Exception("Unexpected json name `%s'!" % json_name)
 
 
-def gen_cpp_headers(parser, logger, prefix, gen_h_prefix, remove_path,
-                    add_debug_comments=False):
+def gen_cpp_headers(
+    parser, logger, prefix, gen_h_prefix, remove_path, add_debug_comments=False
+):
     if prefix == "" or prefix is None:
         prefix = ""
     else:
@@ -217,12 +246,11 @@ def gen_cpp_headers(parser, logger, prefix, gen_h_prefix, remove_path,
             d, f = os.path.split(j)
         else:
             f = j
-        with open('%s%s' % (prefix, json_to_cpp_header_name(f)), "w") as io:
-            gen_json_header(parser, logger, j, io,
-                            gen_h_prefix, add_debug_comments)
+        with open("%s%s" % (prefix, json_to_cpp_header_name(f)), "w") as io:
+            gen_json_header(parser, logger, j, io, gen_h_prefix, add_debug_comments)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     try:
         verbose = int(os.getenv("V", 0))
     except:
@@ -240,27 +268,36 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
     logger.setLevel(log_level)
 
     argparser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="VPP C++ API generator")
-    argparser.add_argument('files', metavar='api-file', action='append',
-                           type=str, help='json api file'
-                           '(may be specified multiple times)')
-    argparser.add_argument('--prefix', action='store', default=None,
-                           help='path prefix')
-    argparser.add_argument('--gen-h-prefix', action='store', default=None,
-                           help='generated C header prefix')
-    argparser.add_argument('--remove-path', action='store_true',
-                           help='remove path from filename')
+    argparser.add_argument(
+        "files",
+        metavar="api-file",
+        action="append",
+        type=str,
+        help="json api file" "(may be specified multiple times)",
+    )
+    argparser.add_argument("--prefix", action="store", default=None, help="path prefix")
+    argparser.add_argument(
+        "--gen-h-prefix", action="store", default=None, help="generated C header prefix"
+    )
+    argparser.add_argument(
+        "--remove-path", action="store_true", help="remove path from filename"
+    )
     args = argparser.parse_args()
 
-    jsonparser = JsonParser(logger, args.files,
-                            simple_type_class=CppSimpleType,
-                            struct_type_class=CppStructType,
-                            field_class=CppField,
-                            enum_class=CppEnum,
-                            message_class=CppMessage,
-                            alias_class=CppAlias)
+    jsonparser = JsonParser(
+        logger,
+        args.files,
+        simple_type_class=CppSimpleType,
+        struct_type_class=CppStructType,
+        field_class=CppField,
+        enum_class=CppEnum,
+        message_class=CppMessage,
+        alias_class=CppAlias,
+    )
 
-    gen_cpp_headers(jsonparser, logger, args.prefix, args.gen_h_prefix,
-                    args.remove_path)
+    gen_cpp_headers(
+        jsonparser, logger, args.prefix, args.gen_h_prefix, args.remove_path
+    )
 
     for e in jsonparser.exceptions:
         logger.warning(e)
diff --git a/src/vpp-api/vapi/vapi_json_parser.py b/src/vpp-api/vapi/vapi_json_parser.py
index 1383d456bf1..a323f15e7b6 100644
--- a/src/vpp-api/vapi/vapi_json_parser.py
+++ b/src/vpp-api/vapi/vapi_json_parser.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 import json
 
 
-class ParseError (Exception):
+class ParseError(Exception):
     pass
 
 
@@ -13,14 +13,12 @@ magic_suffix = "_t"
 
 def remove_magic(what):
     if what.startswith(magic_prefix) and what.endswith(magic_suffix):
-        return what[len(magic_prefix): - len(magic_suffix)]
+        return what[len(magic_prefix) : -len(magic_suffix)]
     return what
 
 
 class Field(object):
-
-    def __init__(self, field_name, field_type, array_len=None,
-                 nelem_field=None):
+    def __init__(self, field_name, field_type, array_len=None, nelem_field=None):
         self.name = field_name
         self.type = field_type
         self.len = array_len
@@ -30,17 +28,23 @@ class Field(object):
         if self.len is None:
             return "Field(name: %s, type: %s)" % (self.name, self.type)
         elif type(self.len) == dict:
-            return "Field(name: %s, type: %s, length: %s)" % (self.name,
-                                                              self.type,
-                                                              self.len)
+            return "Field(name: %s, type: %s, length: %s)" % (
+                self.name,
+                self.type,
+                self.len,
+            )
         elif self.len > 0:
-            return "Field(name: %s, type: %s, length: %s)" % (self.name,
-                                                              self.type,
-                                                              self.len)
+            return "Field(name: %s, type: %s, length: %s)" % (
+                self.name,
+                self.type,
+                self.len,
+            )
         else:
-            return (
-                "Field(name: %s, type: %s, variable length stored in: %s)" %
-                (self.name, self.type, self.nelem_field))
+            return "Field(name: %s, type: %s, variable length stored in: %s)" % (
+                self.name,
+                self.type,
+                self.nelem_field,
+            )
 
     def is_vla(self):
         return self.nelem_field is not None
@@ -61,32 +65,38 @@ class Type(object):
         return self.name
 
 
-class SimpleType (Type):
-
+class SimpleType(Type):
     def has_vla(self):
         return False
 
 
 def get_msg_header_defs(struct_type_class, field_class, json_parser, logger):
     return [
-        struct_type_class(['msg_header1_t',
-                           ['u16', '_vl_msg_id'],
-                           ['u32', 'context'],
-                           ],
-                          json_parser, field_class, logger
-                          ),
-        struct_type_class(['msg_header2_t',
-                           ['u16', '_vl_msg_id'],
-                           ['u32', 'client_index'],
-                           ['u32', 'context'],
-                           ],
-                          json_parser, field_class, logger
-                          ),
+        struct_type_class(
+            [
+                "msg_header1_t",
+                ["u16", "_vl_msg_id"],
+                ["u32", "context"],
+            ],
+            json_parser,
+            field_class,
+            logger,
+        ),
+        struct_type_class(
+            [
+                "msg_header2_t",
+                ["u16", "_vl_msg_id"],
+                ["u32", "client_index"],
+                ["u32", "context"],
+            ],
+            json_parser,
+            field_class,
+            logger,
+        ),
     ]
 
 
 class Struct(object):
-
     def __init__(self, name, fields):
         self.name = name
         self.fields = fields
@@ -112,7 +122,7 @@ class Enum(SimpleType):
     def __str__(self):
         return "Enum(%s, [%s])" % (
             self.name,
-            "], [" .join(["%s => %s" % (i, j) for i, j in self.value_pairs])
+            "], [".join(["%s => %s" % (i, j) for i, j in self.value_pairs]),
         )
 
 
@@ -126,7 +136,7 @@ class Union(Type):
     def __str__(self):
         return "Union(%s, [%s])" % (
             self.name,
-            "], [" .join(["%s %s" % (i, j) for i, j in self.type_pairs])
+            "], [".join(["%s %s" % (i, j) for i, j in self.type_pairs]),
         )
 
     def has_vla(self):
@@ -134,7 +144,6 @@ class Union(Type):
 
 
 class Message(object):
-
     def __init__(self, logger, definition, json_parser):
         struct_type_class = json_parser.struct_type_class
         field_class = json_parser.field_class
@@ -150,22 +159,24 @@ class Message(object):
         self.is_reply = json_parser.is_reply(self.name)
         self.is_event = json_parser.is_event(self.name)
         fields = []
-        for header in get_msg_header_defs(struct_type_class, field_class,
-                                          json_parser, logger):
+        for header in get_msg_header_defs(
+            struct_type_class, field_class, json_parser, logger
+        ):
             logger.debug("Probing header `%s'" % header.name)
             if header.is_part_of_def(m[1:]):
                 self.header = header
                 logger.debug("Found header `%s'" % header.name)
-                fields.append(field_class(field_name='header',
-                                          field_type=self.header))
+                fields.append(field_class(field_name="header", field_type=self.header))
                 ignore = False
                 break
         if ignore and not self.is_event and not self.is_reply:
-            raise ParseError("While parsing message `%s': could not find all "
-                             "common header fields" % name)
+            raise ParseError(
+                "While parsing message `%s': could not find all "
+                "common header fields" % name
+            )
         for field in m[1:]:
-            if isinstance(field, dict) and 'crc' in field:
-                self.crc = field['crc']
+            if isinstance(field, dict) and "crc" in field:
+                self.crc = field["crc"]
                 logger.debug("Found CRC `%s'" % self.crc)
                 continue
             else:
@@ -175,25 +186,22 @@ class Message(object):
                 if any(type(n) is dict for n in field):
                     l -= 1
                 if l == 2:
-                    if self.header is not None and\
-                            self.header.has_field(field[1]):
+                    if self.header is not None and self.header.has_field(field[1]):
                         continue
-                    p = field_class(field_name=field[1],
-                                    field_type=field_type)
+                    p = field_class(field_name=field[1], field_type=field_type)
                 elif l == 3:
-                    if field[2] == 0 and field[0] != 'string':
+                    if field[2] == 0 and field[0] != "string":
                         raise ParseError(
                             "While parsing message `%s': variable length "
                             "array `%s' doesn't have reference to member "
-                            "containing the actual length" % (
-                                name, field[1]))
-                    if field[0] == 'string' and field[2] > 0:
-                        field_type = json_parser.lookup_type_like_id('u8')
+                            "containing the actual length" % (name, field[1])
+                        )
+                    if field[0] == "string" and field[2] > 0:
+                        field_type = json_parser.lookup_type_like_id("u8")
 
                     p = field_class(
-                        field_name=field[1],
-                        field_type=field_type,
-                        array_len=field[2])
+                        field_name=field[1], field_type=field_type, array_len=field[2]
+                    )
                 elif l == 4:
                     nelem_field = None
                     for f in fields:
@@ -203,17 +211,19 @@ class Message(object):
                         raise ParseError(
                             "While parsing message `%s': couldn't find "
                             "variable length array `%s' member containing "
-                            "the actual length `%s'" % (
-                                name, field[1], field[3]))
+                            "the actual length `%s'" % (name, field[1], field[3])
+                        )
                     p = field_class(
                         field_name=field[1],
                         field_type=field_type,
                         array_len=field[2],
-                        nelem_field=nelem_field)
+                        nelem_field=nelem_field,
+                    )
                 else:
-                    raise Exception("Don't know how to parse message "
-                                    "definition for message `%s': `%s'" %
-                                    (m, m[1:]))
+                    raise Exception(
+                        "Don't know how to parse message "
+                        "definition for message `%s': `%s'" % (m, m[1:])
+                    )
                 logger.debug("Parsed field `%s'" % p)
                 fields.append(p)
         self.fields = fields
@@ -221,35 +231,36 @@ class Message(object):
         logger.debug("Parsed message: %s" % self)
 
     def __str__(self):
-        return "Message(%s, [%s], {crc: %s}" % \
-            (self.name,
-             "], [".join([str(f) for f in self.fields]),
-             self.crc)
+        return "Message(%s, [%s], {crc: %s}" % (
+            self.name,
+            "], [".join([str(f) for f in self.fields]),
+            self.crc,
+        )
 
 
-class StructType (Type, Struct):
-
+class StructType(Type, Struct):
     def __init__(self, definition, json_parser, field_class, logger):
         t = definition
         logger.debug("Parsing struct definition `%s'" % t)
         name = t[0]
         fields = []
         for field in t[1:]:
-            if len(field) == 1 and 'crc' in field:
-                self.crc = field['crc']
+            if len(field) == 1 and "crc" in field:
+                self.crc = field["crc"]
                 continue
             field_type = json_parser.lookup_type_like_id(field[0])
             logger.debug("Parsing type field `%s'" % field)
             if len(field) == 2:
-                p = field_class(field_name=field[1],
-                                field_type=field_type)
+                p = field_class(field_name=field[1], field_type=field_type)
             elif len(field) == 3:
                 if field[2] == 0:
-                    raise ParseError("While parsing type `%s': array `%s' has "
-                                     "variable length" % (name, field[1]))
-                p = field_class(field_name=field[1],
-                                field_type=field_type,
-                                array_len=field[2])
+                    raise ParseError(
+                        "While parsing type `%s': array `%s' has "
+                        "variable length" % (name, field[1])
+                    )
+                p = field_class(
+                    field_name=field[1], field_type=field_type, array_len=field[2]
+                )
             elif len(field) == 4:
                 nelem_field = None
                 for f in fields:
@@ -259,23 +270,25 @@ class StructType (Type, Struct):
                     raise ParseError(
                         "While parsing message `%s': couldn't find "
                         "variable length array `%s' member containing "
-                        "the actual length `%s'" % (
-                            name, field[1], field[3]))
-                p = field_class(field_name=field[1],
-                                field_type=field_type,
-                                array_len=field[2],
-                                nelem_field=nelem_field)
+                        "the actual length `%s'" % (name, field[1], field[3])
+                    )
+                p = field_class(
+                    field_name=field[1],
+                    field_type=field_type,
+                    array_len=field[2],
+                    nelem_field=nelem_field,
+                )
             else:
                 raise ParseError(
                     "Don't know how to parse field `%s' of type definition "
-                    "for type `%s'" % (field, t))
+                    "for type `%s'" % (field, t)
+                )
             fields.append(p)
         Type.__init__(self, name)
         Struct.__init__(self, name, fields)
 
     def __str__(self):
-        return "StructType(%s, %s)" % (Type.__str__(self),
-                                       Struct.__str__(self))
+        return "StructType(%s, %s)" % (Type.__str__(self), Struct.__str__(self))
 
     def has_field(self, name):
         return name in self.field_names
@@ -289,30 +302,47 @@ class StructType (Type, Struct):
             if field[0] != p.type.name:
                 raise ParseError(
                     "Unexpected field type `%s' (should be `%s'), "
-                    "while parsing msg/def/field `%s/%s/%s'" %
-                    (field[0], p.type, p.name, definition, field))
+                    "while parsing msg/def/field `%s/%s/%s'"
+                    % (field[0], p.type, p.name, definition, field)
+                )
         return True
 
 
 class JsonParser(object):
-    def __init__(self, logger, files, simple_type_class=SimpleType,
-                 enum_class=Enum, union_class=Union,
-                 struct_type_class=StructType, field_class=Field,
-                 message_class=Message, alias_class=Alias):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        logger,
+        files,
+        simple_type_class=SimpleType,
+        enum_class=Enum,
+        union_class=Union,
+        struct_type_class=StructType,
+        field_class=Field,
+        message_class=Message,
+        alias_class=Alias,
+    ):
         self.services = {}
         self.messages = {}
         self.enums = {}
         self.unions = {}
         self.aliases = {}
         self.types = {
-            x: simple_type_class(x) for x in [
-                'i8', 'i16', 'i32', 'i64',
-                'u8', 'u16', 'u32', 'u64',
-                'f64', 'bool'
+            x: simple_type_class(x)
+            for x in [
+                "i8",
+                "i16",
+                "i32",
+                "i64",
+                "u8",
+                "u16",
+                "u32",
+                "u64",
+                "f64",
+                "bool",
             ]
         }
 
-        self.types['string'] = simple_type_class('vl_api_string_t')
+        self.types["string"] = simple_type_class("vl_api_string_t")
         self.replies = set()
         self.events = set()
         self.simple_type_class = simple_type_class
@@ -345,15 +375,15 @@ class JsonParser(object):
         self.messages_by_json[path] = {}
         with open(path) as f:
             j = json.load(f)
-            for k in j['services']:
+            for k in j["services"]:
                 if k in self.services:
                     raise ParseError("Duplicate service `%s'" % k)
-                self.services[k] = j['services'][k]
+                self.services[k] = j["services"][k]
                 self.replies.add(self.services[k]["reply"])
                 if "events" in self.services[k]:
                     for x in self.services[k]["events"]:
                         self.events.add(x)
-            for e in j['enums']:
+            for e in j["enums"]:
                 name = e[0]
                 value_pairs = e[1:-1]
                 enumtype = self.types[e[-1]["enumtype"]]
@@ -365,14 +395,15 @@ class JsonParser(object):
             progress = 0
             last_progress = 0
             while True:
-                for u in j['unions']:
+                for u in j["unions"]:
                     name = u[0]
                     if name in self.unions:
                         progress = progress + 1
                         continue
                     try:
-                        type_pairs = [[self.lookup_type_like_id(t), n]
-                                      for t, n in u[1:]]
+                        type_pairs = [
+                            [self.lookup_type_like_id(t), n] for t, n in u[1:]
+                        ]
                         union = self.union_class(name, type_pairs, 0)
                         progress = progress + 1
                     except ParseError as e:
@@ -381,17 +412,16 @@ class JsonParser(object):
                     self.unions[union.name] = union
                     self.logger.debug("Parsed union: %s" % union)
                     self.unions_by_json[path].append(union)
-                for t in j['types']:
+                for t in j["types"]:
                     if t[0] in self.types:
                         progress = progress + 1
                         continue
                     try:
-                        type_ = self.struct_type_class(t, self,
-                                                       self.field_class,
-                                                       self.logger)
+                        type_ = self.struct_type_class(
+                            t, self, self.field_class, self.logger
+                        )
                         if type_.name in self.types:
-                            raise ParseError(
-                                "Duplicate type `%s'" % type_.name)
+                            raise ParseError("Duplicate type `%s'" % type_.name)
                         progress = progress + 1
                     except ParseError as e:
                         exceptions.append(e)
@@ -399,16 +429,16 @@ class JsonParser(object):
                     self.types[type_.name] = type_
                     self.types_by_json[path].append(type_)
                     self.logger.debug("Parsed type: %s" % type_)
-                for name, body in j['aliases'].items():
+                for name, body in j["aliases"].items():
                     if name in self.aliases:
                         progress = progress + 1
                         continue
-                    if 'length' in body:
-                        array_len = body['length']
+                    if "length" in body:
+                        array_len = body["length"]
                     else:
                         array_len = None
                     try:
-                        t = self.lookup_type_like_id(body['type'])
+                        t = self.lookup_type_like_id(body["type"])
                     except ParseError as e:
                         exceptions.append(e)
                         continue
@@ -430,14 +460,13 @@ class JsonParser(object):
             processed = []
             while True:
                 exceptions = []
-                for m in j['messages']:
+                for m in j["messages"]:
                     if m in processed:
                         continue
                     try:
                         msg = self.message_class(self.logger, m, self)
                         if msg.name in self.messages:
-                            raise ParseError(
-                                "Duplicate message `%s'" % msg.name)
+                            raise ParseError("Duplicate message `%s'" % msg.name)
                     except ParseError as e:
                         exceptions.append(e)
                         continue
@@ -470,7 +499,8 @@ class JsonParser(object):
             return self.aliases[mundane_name]
         raise ParseError(
             "Could not find type, enum or union by magic name `%s' nor by "
-            "mundane name `%s'" % (name, mundane_name))
+            "mundane name `%s'" % (name, mundane_name)
+        )
 
     def is_reply(self, message):
         return message in self.replies
@@ -479,7 +509,7 @@ class JsonParser(object):
         return message in self.events
 
     def get_reply(self, message):
-        return self.messages[self.services[message]['reply']]
+        return self.messages[self.services[message]["reply"]]
 
     def finalize_parsing(self):
         if len(self.messages) == 0:
@@ -493,17 +523,14 @@ class JsonParser(object):
                         try:
                             m.reply = self.get_reply(n)
                             if "stream" in self.services[m.name]:
-                                m.reply_is_stream = \
-                                    self.services[m.name]["stream"]
+                                m.reply_is_stream = self.services[m.name]["stream"]
                             else:
                                 m.reply_is_stream = False
                             m.reply.request = m
                         except:
-                            raise ParseError(
-                                "Cannot find reply to message `%s'" % n)
+                            raise ParseError("Cannot find reply to message `%s'" % n)
                 except ParseError as e:
                     self.exceptions.append(e)
                     remove.append(n)
 
-            self.messages_by_json[jn] = {
-                k: v for k, v in j.items() if k not in remove}
+            self.messages_by_json[jn] = {k: v for k, v in j.items() if k not in remove}
diff --git a/test/Makefile b/test/Makefile
index 82cef838978..b416bc3f5a3 100644
--- a/test/Makefile
+++ b/test/Makefile
@@ -73,10 +73,10 @@ V=0
 endif
 
 PYTHON_VERSION=$(shell $(PYTHON_INTERP) -c 'import sys; print(sys.version_info.major)')
-PIP_VERSION=22.0.3
+PIP_VERSION=22.0.4
 # Keep in sync with requirements.txt
-PIP_TOOLS_VERSION=6.5.0
-PIP_SETUPTOOLS_VERSION=60.7.1
+PIP_TOOLS_VERSION=6.6.0
+PIP_SETUPTOOLS_VERSION=62.1.0
 PYTHON_DEPENDS=requirements-$(PYTHON_VERSION).txt
 SCAPY_SOURCE=$(shell find $(VENV_PATH)/lib/python* -name site-packages)
 BUILD_COV_DIR=$(TEST_BR)/coverage
@@ -344,37 +344,35 @@ wipe-papi:
 wipe-all: wipe wipe-papi wipe-cov
 	@rm -rf $(TEST_BR)
 
-.PHONY: checkstyle-diff
-checkstyle-diff: $(PIP_INSTALL_DONE)
-	@bash -c "source $(VENV_PATH)/bin/activate &&\
-		  python3 -m pip install pycodestyle"
-	@bash -c "source $(VENV_PATH)/bin/activate &&\
-		cd $(WS_ROOT) && git diff --name-only --no-color --relative HEAD~1 ':!*.patch' | grep '.py$$' | xargs -I XXX \
-		pycodestyle --show-source --ignore=W504,E126,E241,E226,E305,E704,E741,E722 -v XXX ||\
-		(echo \"*********************************************************************\" &&\
-		 echo \"* Test framework PEP8 compliance check FAILED (checked changed files)\" &&\
-	         echo \"*********************************************************************\" &&\
-		 false)"
-	@echo "*********************************************************************"
-	@echo "* Test framework PEP8 compliance check passed (checked changed files)"
-	@echo "*********************************************************************"
-
 .PHONY: start-gdb
 start-gdb: sanity
 	@bash -c "source $(VENV_PATH)/bin/activate && python3 -c 'from debug import start_vpp_in_gdb; start_vpp_in_gdb()' $(RUN_TESTS_ARGS)"
 
-.PHONY: checkstyle
-checkstyle: $(PIP_INSTALL_DONE)
+.PHONY: checkstyle-python-all
+checkstyle-python-all: $(PIP_INSTALL_DONE)
 	@bash -c "source $(VENV_PATH)/bin/activate &&\
-		  python3 -m pip install pycodestyle"
-	@bash -c "source $(VENV_PATH)/bin/activate &&\
-		pycodestyle --show-source --ignore=W504,E126,E241,E226,E305,E704,E741,E722 -v *.py ||\
-		(echo \"*******************************************************************\" &&\
-		 echo \"* Test framework PEP8 compliance check FAILED (checked all files)\" &&\
-	         echo \"*******************************************************************\" &&\
-		 false)"
+		black -t py39 --diff $(WS_ROOT) ||\
+		(echo \"*************************************************************************\" &&\
+		echo \"* Test framework PEP8 compliance check FAILED (maybe: make fixstyle-python)\" &&\
+		echo \"*************************************************************************\" &&\
+		false)"
 	@echo "*******************************************************************"
-	@echo "* Test framework PEP8 compliance check passed (checked all files)"
+	@echo "* Test framework PEP8 compliance check passed"
+	@echo "*******************************************************************"
+
+.PHONY: checkstyle
+checkstyle: checkstyle-python-all
+
+.PHONY: fixstyle-python-all
+fixstyle-python-all: $(PIP_INSTALL_DONE)
+	@bash -c "source $(VENV_PATH)/bin/activate &&\
+		black -t py39 $(WS_ROOT) ||\
+		(echo \"*************************************************************************\" &&\
+		echo \"* Test framework PEP8 compliance check FAILED (maybe: make fixstyle-python)\" &&\
+		echo \"*************************************************************************\" &&\
+		false)"
+	@echo "*******************************************************************"
+	@echo "* Test framework PEP8 compliance check passed"
 	@echo "*******************************************************************"
 
 .PHONY: help
@@ -397,7 +395,6 @@ help:
 	@echo " test-wipe-all          - wipe (temporary) files generated by unit tests, and coverage"
 	@echo " test-shell             - enter shell with test environment"
 	@echo " test-shell-debug       - enter shell with test environment (debug build)"
-	@echo " test-checkstyle        - check PEP8 compliance for test framework"
 	@echo " test-refresh-deps      - refresh the Python dependencies for the tests"
 	@echo ""
 	@echo "Arguments controlling test runs:"
@@ -456,8 +453,3 @@ help:
 	@echo ""
 	@echo " test-cov               - generate code coverage report for test framework"
 	@echo " test-wipe-cov          - wipe code coverage report for test framework"
-	@echo ""
-	@echo "Verifying code-style:"
-	@echo ""
-	@echo " test-checkstyle        - check PEP8 compliance"
-	@echo ""
diff --git a/test/bfd.py b/test/bfd.py
index bbfa5945593..4189983b430 100644
--- a/test/bfd.py
+++ b/test/bfd.py
@@ -5,15 +5,22 @@ from socket import AF_INET, AF_INET6, inet_pton
 from scapy.all import bind_layers
 from scapy.layers.inet import UDP
 from scapy.packet import Packet
-from scapy.fields import BitField, BitEnumField, XByteField, FlagsField,\
-    ConditionalField, StrField
+from scapy.fields import (
+    BitField,
+    BitEnumField,
+    XByteField,
+    FlagsField,
+    ConditionalField,
+    StrField,
+)
 from vpp_object import VppObject
 from util import NumericConstant
 from vpp_papi import VppEnum
 
 
 class BFDDiagCode(NumericConstant):
-    """ BFD Diagnostic Code """
+    """BFD Diagnostic Code"""
+
     no_diagnostic = 0
     control_detection_time_expired = 1
     echo_function_failed = 2
@@ -38,7 +45,8 @@ class BFDDiagCode(NumericConstant):
 
 
 class BFDState(NumericConstant):
-    """ BFD State """
+    """BFD State"""
+
     admin_down = 0
     down = 1
     init = 2
@@ -53,7 +61,8 @@ class BFDState(NumericConstant):
 
 
 class BFDAuthType(NumericConstant):
-    """ BFD Authentication Type """
+    """BFD Authentication Type"""
+
     no_auth = 0
     simple_pwd = 1
     keyed_md5 = 2
@@ -72,34 +81,38 @@ class BFDAuthType(NumericConstant):
 
 
 def bfd_is_auth_used(pkt):
-    """ is packet authenticated? """
+    """is packet authenticated?"""
     return "A" in pkt.sprintf("%BFD.flags%")
 
 
 def bfd_is_simple_pwd_used(pkt):
-    """ is simple password authentication used? """
+    """is simple password authentication used?"""
     return bfd_is_auth_used(pkt) and pkt.auth_type == BFDAuthType.simple_pwd
 
 
 def bfd_is_sha1_used(pkt):
-    """ is sha1 authentication used? """
-    return bfd_is_auth_used(pkt) and pkt.auth_type in \
-        (BFDAuthType.keyed_sha1, BFDAuthType.meticulous_keyed_sha1)
+    """is sha1 authentication used?"""
+    return bfd_is_auth_used(pkt) and pkt.auth_type in (
+        BFDAuthType.keyed_sha1,
+        BFDAuthType.meticulous_keyed_sha1,
+    )
 
 
 def bfd_is_md5_used(pkt):
-    """ is md5 authentication used? """
-    return bfd_is_auth_used(pkt) and pkt.auth_type in \
-        (BFDAuthType.keyed_md5, BFDAuthType.meticulous_keyed_md5)
+    """is md5 authentication used?"""
+    return bfd_is_auth_used(pkt) and pkt.auth_type in (
+        BFDAuthType.keyed_md5,
+        BFDAuthType.meticulous_keyed_md5,
+    )
 
 
 def bfd_is_md5_or_sha1_used(pkt):
-    """ is md5 or sha1 used? """
+    """is md5 or sha1 used?"""
     return bfd_is_md5_used(pkt) or bfd_is_sha1_used(pkt)
 
 
 class BFD(Packet):
-    """ BFD protocol layer for scapy """
+    """BFD protocol layer for scapy"""
 
     udp_dport = 3784  #: BFD destination port per RFC 5881
     udp_dport_echo = 3785  # : BFD destination port for ECHO per RFC 5881
@@ -114,7 +127,7 @@ class BFD(Packet):
         BitField("version", 1, 3),
         BitEnumField("diag", 0, 5, BFDDiagCode.desc_dict),
         BitEnumField("state", 0, 2, BFDState.desc_dict),
-        FlagsField("flags", 0, 6, ['M', 'D', 'A', 'C', 'F', 'P']),
+        FlagsField("flags", 0, 6, ["M", "D", "A", "C", "F", "P"]),
         XByteField("detect_mult", 0),
         BitField("length", bfd_pkt_len, 8),
         BitField("my_discriminator", 0, 32),
@@ -123,22 +136,20 @@ class BFD(Packet):
         BitField("required_min_rx_interval", 0, 32),
         BitField("required_min_echo_rx_interval", 0, 32),
         ConditionalField(
-            BitEnumField("auth_type", 0, 8, BFDAuthType.desc_dict),
-            bfd_is_auth_used),
+            BitEnumField("auth_type", 0, 8, BFDAuthType.desc_dict), bfd_is_auth_used
+        ),
         ConditionalField(BitField("auth_len", 0, 8), bfd_is_auth_used),
         ConditionalField(BitField("auth_key_id", 0, 8), bfd_is_auth_used),
-        ConditionalField(BitField("auth_reserved", 0, 8),
-                         bfd_is_md5_or_sha1_used),
-        ConditionalField(
-            BitField("auth_seq_num", 0, 32), bfd_is_md5_or_sha1_used),
+        ConditionalField(BitField("auth_reserved", 0, 8), bfd_is_md5_or_sha1_used),
+        ConditionalField(BitField("auth_seq_num", 0, 32), bfd_is_md5_or_sha1_used),
         ConditionalField(StrField("auth_key_hash", "0" * 16), bfd_is_md5_used),
-        ConditionalField(
-            StrField("auth_key_hash", "0" * 20), bfd_is_sha1_used),
+        ConditionalField(StrField("auth_key_hash", "0" * 20), bfd_is_sha1_used),
     ]
 
     def mysummary(self):
-        return self.sprintf("BFD(my_disc=%BFD.my_discriminator%,"
-                            "your_disc=%BFD.your_discriminator%)")
+        return self.sprintf(
+            "BFD(my_disc=%BFD.my_discriminator%, your_disc=%BFD.your_discriminator%)"
+        )
 
 
 # glue the BFD packet class to scapy parser
@@ -146,7 +157,7 @@ bind_layers(UDP, BFD, dport=BFD.udp_dport)
 
 
 class BFD_vpp_echo(Packet):
-    """ BFD echo packet as used by VPP (non-rfc, as rfc doesn't define one) """
+    """BFD echo packet as used by VPP (non-rfc, as rfc doesn't define one)"""
 
     udp_dport = 3785  #: BFD echo destination port per RFC 5881
     name = "BFD_VPP_ECHO"
@@ -154,13 +165,14 @@ class BFD_vpp_echo(Packet):
     fields_desc = [
         BitField("discriminator", 0, 32),
         BitField("expire_time_clocks", 0, 64),
-        BitField("checksum", 0, 64)
+        BitField("checksum", 0, 64),
     ]
 
     def mysummary(self):
         return self.sprintf(
             "BFD_VPP_ECHO(disc=%BFD_VPP_ECHO.discriminator%,"
-            "expire_time_clocks=%BFD_VPP_ECHO.expire_time_clocks%)")
+            "expire_time_clocks=%BFD_VPP_ECHO.expire_time_clocks%)"
+        )
 
 
 # glue the BFD echo packet class to scapy parser
@@ -168,7 +180,7 @@ bind_layers(UDP, BFD_vpp_echo, dport=BFD_vpp_echo.udp_dport)
 
 
 class VppBFDAuthKey(VppObject):
-    """ Represents BFD authentication key in VPP """
+    """Represents BFD authentication key in VPP"""
 
     def __init__(self, test, conf_key_id, auth_type, key):
         self._test = test
@@ -179,17 +191,17 @@ class VppBFDAuthKey(VppObject):
 
     @property
     def test(self):
-        """ Test which created this key """
+        """Test which created this key"""
         return self._test
 
     @property
     def auth_type(self):
-        """ Authentication type for this key """
+        """Authentication type for this key"""
         return self._auth_type
 
     @property
     def key(self):
-        """ key data """
+        """key data"""
         return self._key
 
     @key.setter
@@ -198,17 +210,20 @@ class VppBFDAuthKey(VppObject):
 
     @property
     def conf_key_id(self):
-        """ configuration key ID """
+        """configuration key ID"""
         return self._conf_key_id
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
         self.test.vapi.bfd_auth_set_key(
-            conf_key_id=self._conf_key_id, auth_type=self._auth_type,
-            key=self._key, key_len=len(self._key))
+            conf_key_id=self._conf_key_id,
+            auth_type=self._auth_type,
+            key=self._key,
+            key_len=len(self._key),
+        )
         self._test.registry.register(self, self.test.logger)
 
     def get_bfd_auth_keys_dump_entry(self):
-        """ get the entry in the auth keys dump corresponding to this key """
+        """get the entry in the auth keys dump corresponding to this key"""
         result = self.test.vapi.bfd_auth_keys_dump()
         for k in result:
             if k.conf_key_id == self._conf_key_id:
@@ -226,11 +241,22 @@ class VppBFDAuthKey(VppObject):
 
 
 class VppBFDUDPSession(VppObject):
-    """ Represents BFD UDP session in VPP """
+    """Represents BFD UDP session in VPP"""
 
-    def __init__(self, test, interface, peer_addr, local_addr=None, af=AF_INET,
-                 desired_min_tx=300000, required_min_rx=300000, detect_mult=3,
-                 sha1_key=None, bfd_key_id=None, is_tunnel=False):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        test,
+        interface,
+        peer_addr,
+        local_addr=None,
+        af=AF_INET,
+        desired_min_tx=300000,
+        required_min_rx=300000,
+        detect_mult=3,
+        sha1_key=None,
+        bfd_key_id=None,
+        is_tunnel=False,
+    ):
         self._test = test
         self._interface = interface
         self._af = af
@@ -251,22 +277,22 @@ class VppBFDUDPSession(VppObject):
 
     @property
     def test(self):
-        """ Test which created this session """
+        """Test which created this session"""
         return self._test
 
     @property
     def interface(self):
-        """ Interface on which this session lives """
+        """Interface on which this session lives"""
         return self._interface
 
     @property
     def af(self):
-        """ Address family - AF_INET or AF_INET6 """
+        """Address family - AF_INET or AF_INET6"""
         return self._af
 
     @property
     def local_addr(self):
-        """ BFD session local address (VPP address) """
+        """BFD session local address (VPP address)"""
         if self._local_addr is None:
             if self.af == AF_INET:
                 return self._interface.local_ip4
@@ -278,28 +304,32 @@ class VppBFDUDPSession(VppObject):
 
     @property
     def peer_addr(self):
-        """ BFD session peer address """
+        """BFD session peer address"""
         return self._peer_addr
 
     def get_bfd_udp_session_dump_entry(self):
-        """ get the namedtuple entry from bfd udp session dump """
+        """get the namedtuple entry from bfd udp session dump"""
         result = self.test.vapi.bfd_udp_session_dump()
         for s in result:
             self.test.logger.debug("session entry: %s" % str(s))
             if s.sw_if_index == self.interface.sw_if_index:
-                if self.af == AF_INET \
-                        and self.interface.local_ip4 == str(s.local_addr) \
-                        and self.interface.remote_ip4 == str(s.peer_addr):
+                if (
+                    self.af == AF_INET
+                    and self.interface.local_ip4 == str(s.local_addr)
+                    and self.interface.remote_ip4 == str(s.peer_addr)
+                ):
                     return s
-                if self.af == AF_INET6 \
-                        and self.interface.local_ip6 == str(s.local_addr) \
-                        and self.interface.remote_ip6 == str(s.peer_addr):
+                if (
+                    self.af == AF_INET6
+                    and self.interface.local_ip6 == str(s.local_addr)
+                    and self.interface.remote_ip6 == str(s.peer_addr)
+                ):
                     return s
         return None
 
     @property
     def state(self):
-        """ BFD session state """
+        """BFD session state"""
         session = self.get_bfd_udp_session_dump_entry()
         if session is None:
             raise Exception("Could not find BFD session in VPP response")
@@ -307,27 +337,27 @@ class VppBFDUDPSession(VppObject):
 
     @property
     def desired_min_tx(self):
-        """ desired minimum tx interval """
+        """desired minimum tx interval"""
         return self._desired_min_tx
 
     @property
     def required_min_rx(self):
-        """ required minimum rx interval """
+        """required minimum rx interval"""
         return self._required_min_rx
 
     @property
     def detect_mult(self):
-        """ detect multiplier """
+        """detect multiplier"""
         return self._detect_mult
 
     @property
     def sha1_key(self):
-        """ sha1 key """
+        """sha1 key"""
         return self._sha1_key
 
     @property
     def bfd_key_id(self):
-        """ bfd key id in use """
+        """bfd key id in use"""
         return self._bfd_key_id
 
     @property
@@ -335,7 +365,7 @@ class VppBFDUDPSession(VppObject):
         return self._is_tunnel
 
     def activate_auth(self, key, bfd_key_id=None, delayed=False):
-        """ activate authentication for this session """
+        """activate authentication for this session"""
         self._bfd_key_id = bfd_key_id if bfd_key_id else randint(0, 255)
         self._sha1_key = key
         conf_key_id = self._sha1_key.conf_key_id
@@ -346,10 +376,11 @@ class VppBFDUDPSession(VppObject):
             peer_addr=self.peer_addr,
             bfd_key_id=self._bfd_key_id,
             conf_key_id=conf_key_id,
-            is_delayed=is_delayed)
+            is_delayed=is_delayed,
+        )
 
     def deactivate_auth(self, delayed=False):
-        """ deactivate authentication """
+        """deactivate authentication"""
         self._bfd_key_id = None
         self._sha1_key = None
         is_delayed = 1 if delayed else 0
@@ -357,45 +388,48 @@ class VppBFDUDPSession(VppObject):
             sw_if_index=self._interface.sw_if_index,
             local_addr=self.local_addr,
             peer_addr=self.peer_addr,
-            is_delayed=is_delayed)
+            is_delayed=is_delayed,
+        )
 
-    def modify_parameters(self,
-                          detect_mult=None,
-                          desired_min_tx=None,
-                          required_min_rx=None):
-        """ modify session parameters """
+    def modify_parameters(
+        self, detect_mult=None, desired_min_tx=None, required_min_rx=None
+    ):
+        """modify session parameters"""
         if detect_mult:
             self._detect_mult = detect_mult
         if desired_min_tx:
             self._desired_min_tx = desired_min_tx
         if required_min_rx:
             self._required_min_rx = required_min_rx
-        self.test.vapi.bfd_udp_mod(sw_if_index=self._interface.sw_if_index,
-                                   desired_min_tx=self.desired_min_tx,
-                                   required_min_rx=self.required_min_rx,
-                                   detect_mult=self.detect_mult,
-                                   local_addr=self.local_addr,
-                                   peer_addr=self.peer_addr)
+        self.test.vapi.bfd_udp_mod(
+            sw_if_index=self._interface.sw_if_index,
+            desired_min_tx=self.desired_min_tx,
+            required_min_rx=self.required_min_rx,
+            detect_mult=self.detect_mult,
+            local_addr=self.local_addr,
+            peer_addr=self.peer_addr,
+        )
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
         bfd_key_id = self._bfd_key_id if self._sha1_key else None
         conf_key_id = self._sha1_key.conf_key_id if self._sha1_key else None
         is_authenticated = True if self._sha1_key else False
-        self.test.vapi.bfd_udp_add(sw_if_index=self._interface.sw_if_index,
-                                   desired_min_tx=self.desired_min_tx,
-                                   required_min_rx=self.required_min_rx,
-                                   detect_mult=self.detect_mult,
-                                   local_addr=self.local_addr,
-                                   peer_addr=self.peer_addr,
-                                   bfd_key_id=bfd_key_id,
-                                   conf_key_id=conf_key_id,
-                                   is_authenticated=is_authenticated)
+        self.test.vapi.bfd_udp_add(
+            sw_if_index=self._interface.sw_if_index,
+            desired_min_tx=self.desired_min_tx,
+            required_min_rx=self.required_min_rx,
+            detect_mult=self.detect_mult,
+            local_addr=self.local_addr,
+            peer_addr=self.peer_addr,
+            bfd_key_id=bfd_key_id,
+            conf_key_id=conf_key_id,
+            is_authenticated=is_authenticated,
+        )
         self._test.registry.register(self, self.test.logger)
 
-    def upd_vpp_config(self,
-                       detect_mult=None,
-                       desired_min_tx=None,
-                       required_min_rx=None):
+    def upd_vpp_config(
+        self, detect_mult=None, desired_min_tx=None, required_min_rx=None
+    ):
         if desired_min_tx:
             self._desired_min_tx = desired_min_tx
         if required_min_rx:
@@ -405,15 +439,17 @@ class VppBFDUDPSession(VppObject):
         bfd_key_id = self._bfd_key_id if self._sha1_key else None
         conf_key_id = self._sha1_key.conf_key_id if self._sha1_key else None
         is_authenticated = True if self._sha1_key else False
-        self.test.vapi.bfd_udp_upd(sw_if_index=self._interface.sw_if_index,
-                                   desired_min_tx=self.desired_min_tx,
-                                   required_min_rx=self.required_min_rx,
-                                   detect_mult=self.detect_mult,
-                                   local_addr=self.local_addr,
-                                   peer_addr=self.peer_addr,
-                                   bfd_key_id=bfd_key_id,
-                                   conf_key_id=conf_key_id,
-                                   is_authenticated=is_authenticated)
+        self.test.vapi.bfd_udp_upd(
+            sw_if_index=self._interface.sw_if_index,
+            desired_min_tx=self.desired_min_tx,
+            required_min_rx=self.required_min_rx,
+            detect_mult=self.detect_mult,
+            local_addr=self.local_addr,
+            peer_addr=self.peer_addr,
+            bfd_key_id=bfd_key_id,
+            conf_key_id=conf_key_id,
+            is_authenticated=is_authenticated,
+        )
         self._test.registry.register(self, self.test.logger)
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
@@ -421,27 +457,34 @@ class VppBFDUDPSession(VppObject):
         return session is not None
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
-        self.test.vapi.bfd_udp_del(self._interface.sw_if_index,
-                                   local_addr=self.local_addr,
-                                   peer_addr=self.peer_addr)
+        self.test.vapi.bfd_udp_del(
+            self._interface.sw_if_index,
+            local_addr=self.local_addr,
+            peer_addr=self.peer_addr,
+        )
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return "bfd-udp-%s-%s-%s-%s" % (self._interface.sw_if_index,
-                                        self.local_addr,
-                                        self.peer_addr,
-                                        self.af)
+        return "bfd-udp-%s-%s-%s-%s" % (
+            self._interface.sw_if_index,
+            self.local_addr,
+            self.peer_addr,
+            self.af,
+        )
 
     def admin_up(self):
-        """ set bfd session admin-up """
+        """set bfd session admin-up"""
         self.test.vapi.bfd_udp_session_set_flags(
             flags=VppEnum.vl_api_if_status_flags_t.IF_STATUS_API_FLAG_ADMIN_UP,
             sw_if_index=self._interface.sw_if_index,
             local_addr=self.local_addr,
-            peer_addr=self.peer_addr)
+            peer_addr=self.peer_addr,
+        )
 
     def admin_down(self):
-        """ set bfd session admin-down """
+        """set bfd session admin-down"""
         self.test.vapi.bfd_udp_session_set_flags(
-            flags=0, sw_if_index=self._interface.sw_if_index,
+            flags=0,
+            sw_if_index=self._interface.sw_if_index,
             local_addr=self.local_addr,
-            peer_addr=self.peer_addr)
+            peer_addr=self.peer_addr,
+        )
diff --git a/test/config.py b/test/config.py
index dd3b9c1f9ea..c99d1ca66a6 100644
--- a/test/config.py
+++ b/test/config.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ def positive_int_or_default(default):
         if int(v) <= 0:
             raise ValueError("value must be positive")
         return int(v)
+
     return positive_integer
 
 
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ def positive_float_or_default(default):
         if float(v) <= 0:
             raise ValueError("value must be positive")
         return float(v)
+
     return positive_float
 
 
@@ -50,6 +52,7 @@ def int_choice_or_default(options, default):
         if int(v) in options:
             return int(v)
         raise ValueError("invalid choice")
+
     return choice
 
 
@@ -57,14 +60,13 @@ def worker_config(v):
     if v is None or v == "":
         return 0
     if v.startswith("workers "):
-        return(int(v.split(" ")[1]))
+        return int(v.split(" ")[1])
     return int(v)
 
 
 def directory(v):
     if not os.path.isdir(v):
-        raise ValueError(f"provided path '{v}' doesn't exist "
-                         "or is not a directory")
+        raise ValueError(f"provided path '{v}' doesn't exist or is not a directory")
     return v
 
 
@@ -74,35 +76,51 @@ def directory_verify_or_create(v):
     return v
 
 
-parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="VPP unit tests",
-                                 formatter_class=argparse.RawTextHelpFormatter)
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+    description="VPP unit tests", formatter_class=argparse.RawTextHelpFormatter
+)
 
-parser.add_argument("--failfast", action="store_true",
-                    help="stop running tests on first failure")
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--failfast", action="store_true", help="stop running tests on first failure"
+)
 
-parser.add_argument("--test-src-dir", action="append", type=directory,
-                    help="directory containing test files "
-                    "(may be specified multiple times) "
-                    "(VPP_WS_DIR/test is added automatically to the set)")
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--test-src-dir",
+    action="append",
+    type=directory,
+    help="directory containing test files "
+    "(may be specified multiple times) "
+    "(VPP_WS_DIR/test is added automatically to the set)",
+)
 
 default_verbose = 0
 
-parser.add_argument("--verbose", action="store", default=default_verbose,
-                    type=int_choice_or_default((0, 1, 2), default_verbose),
-                    help="verbosity setting - 0 - least verbose, "
-                    "2 - most verbose (default: 0)")
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--verbose",
+    action="store",
+    default=default_verbose,
+    type=int_choice_or_default((0, 1, 2), default_verbose),
+    help="verbosity setting - 0 - least verbose, 2 - most verbose (default: 0)",
+)
 
 default_test_run_timeout = 600
 
-parser.add_argument("--timeout", action="store",
-                    type=positive_int_or_default(default_test_run_timeout),
-                    default=default_test_run_timeout,
-                    metavar="TEST_RUN_TIMEOUT",
-                    help="test run timeout in seconds - per test "
-                    f"(default: {default_test_run_timeout})")
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--timeout",
+    action="store",
+    type=positive_int_or_default(default_test_run_timeout),
+    default=default_test_run_timeout,
+    metavar="TEST_RUN_TIMEOUT",
+    help="test run timeout in seconds - per test "
+    f"(default: {default_test_run_timeout})",
+)
 
-parser.add_argument("--failed-dir", action="store", type=directory,
-                    help="directory containing failed tests")
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--failed-dir",
+    action="store",
+    type=directory,
+    help="directory containing failed tests",
+)
 
 filter_help_string = """\
 expression consists of 3 string selectors separated by '.' separators:
@@ -126,17 +144,23 @@ examples:
 4. '.*.test_add_bfd' selects all test functions named test_add_bfd
    from all files/classes
 """
-parser.add_argument("--filter", action="store",
-                    metavar="FILTER_EXPRESSION", help=filter_help_string)
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--filter", action="store", metavar="FILTER_EXPRESSION", help=filter_help_string
+)
 
 default_retries = 0
 
-parser.add_argument("--retries", action="store", default=default_retries,
-                    type=positive_int_or_default(default_retries),
-                    help="retry failed tests RETRIES times")
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--retries",
+    action="store",
+    default=default_retries,
+    type=positive_int_or_default(default_retries),
+    help="retry failed tests RETRIES times",
+)
 
-parser.add_argument("--step", action="store_true", default=False,
-                    help="enable stepping through tests")
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--step", action="store_true", default=False, help="enable stepping through tests"
+)
 
 debug_help_string = """\
 attach     - attach to already running vpp
@@ -145,80 +169,153 @@ gdb        - print VPP PID and pause allowing attaching gdb
 gdbserver  - same as above, but run gdb in gdbserver
 """
 
-parser.add_argument("--debug", action="store",
-                    choices=["attach", "core", "gdb", "gdbserver"],
-                    help=debug_help_string)
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--debug",
+    action="store",
+    choices=["attach", "core", "gdb", "gdbserver"],
+    help=debug_help_string,
+)
 
-parser.add_argument("--debug-framework", action="store_true",
-                    help="enable internal test framework debugging")
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--debug-framework",
+    action="store_true",
+    help="enable internal test framework debugging",
+)
 
-parser.add_argument("--compress-core", action="store_true",
-                    help="compress core files if not debugging them")
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--compress-core",
+    action="store_true",
+    help="compress core files if not debugging them",
+)
 
-parser.add_argument("--extended", action="store_true",
-                    help="run extended tests")
+parser.add_argument("--extended", action="store_true", help="run extended tests")
 
-parser.add_argument("--sanity", action="store_true",
-                    help="perform sanity vpp run before running tests")
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--sanity", action="store_true", help="perform sanity vpp run before running tests"
+)
 
-parser.add_argument("--force-foreground", action="store_true",
-                    help="force running in foreground - don't fork")
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--force-foreground",
+    action="store_true",
+    help="force running in foreground - don't fork",
+)
 
-parser.add_argument("--jobs", action="store", type=positive_int_or_auto,
-                    default="auto", help="maximum concurrent test jobs")
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--jobs",
+    action="store",
+    type=positive_int_or_auto,
+    default="auto",
+    help="maximum concurrent test jobs",
+)
 
-parser.add_argument("--venv-dir", action="store",
-                    type=directory, help="path to virtual environment")
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--venv-dir", action="store", type=directory, help="path to virtual environment"
+)
 
 default_rnd_seed = time.time()
-parser.add_argument("--rnd-seed", action="store", default=default_rnd_seed,
-                    type=positive_float_or_default(default_rnd_seed),
-                    help="random generator seed (default: current time)")
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--rnd-seed",
+    action="store",
+    default=default_rnd_seed,
+    type=positive_float_or_default(default_rnd_seed),
+    help="random generator seed (default: current time)",
+)
 
-parser.add_argument("--vpp-worker-count", action="store", type=worker_config,
-                    default=0, help="number of vpp workers")
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--vpp-worker-count",
+    action="store",
+    type=worker_config,
+    default=0,
+    help="number of vpp workers",
+)
 
-parser.add_argument("--gcov", action="store_true",
-                    default=False, help="running gcov tests")
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--gcov", action="store_true", default=False, help="running gcov tests"
+)
 
-parser.add_argument("--cache-vpp-output", action="store_true", default=False,
-                    help="cache VPP stdout/stderr and log as one block "
-                    "after test finishes")
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--cache-vpp-output",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=False,
+    help="cache VPP stdout/stderr and log as one block after test finishes",
+)
 
-parser.add_argument("--vpp-ws-dir", action="store", required=True,
-                    type=directory, help="vpp workspace directory")
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--vpp-ws-dir",
+    action="store",
+    required=True,
+    type=directory,
+    help="vpp workspace directory",
+)
 
-parser.add_argument("--vpp-tag", action="store", default="vpp_debug",
-                    metavar="VPP_TAG", required=True,
-                    help="vpp tag (e.g. vpp, vpp_debug, vpp_gcov)")
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--vpp-tag",
+    action="store",
+    default="vpp_debug",
+    metavar="VPP_TAG",
+    required=True,
+    help="vpp tag (e.g. vpp, vpp_debug, vpp_gcov)",
+)
 
-parser.add_argument("--vpp", action="store", help="path to vpp binary "
-                    "(default: derive from VPP_WS_DIR and VPP_TAG)")
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--vpp",
+    action="store",
+    help="path to vpp binary (default: derive from VPP_WS_DIR and VPP_TAG)",
+)
 
-parser.add_argument("--vpp-install-dir", type=directory,
-                    action="store", help="path to vpp install directory"
-                    "(default: derive from VPP_WS_DIR and VPP_TAG)")
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--vpp-install-dir",
+    type=directory,
+    action="store",
+    help="path to vpp install directory"
+    "(default: derive from VPP_WS_DIR and VPP_TAG)",
+)
 
-parser.add_argument("--vpp-build-dir", action="store", type=directory,
-                    help="vpp build directory"
-                    "(default: derive from VPP_WS_DIR and VPP_TAG)")
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--vpp-build-dir",
+    action="store",
+    type=directory,
+    help="vpp build directory (default: derive from VPP_WS_DIR and VPP_TAG)",
+)
 
-parser.add_argument("--vpp-plugin-dir", action="append", type=directory,
-                    help="directory containing vpp plugins"
-                    "(default: derive from VPP_WS_DIR and VPP_TAG)")
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--vpp-plugin-dir",
+    action="append",
+    type=directory,
+    help="directory containing vpp plugins"
+    "(default: derive from VPP_WS_DIR and VPP_TAG)",
+)
 
-parser.add_argument("--vpp-test-plugin-dir", action="append", type=directory,
-                    help="directory containing vpp api test plugins"
-                    "(default: derive from VPP_WS_DIR and VPP_TAG)")
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--vpp-test-plugin-dir",
+    action="append",
+    type=directory,
+    help="directory containing vpp api test plugins"
+    "(default: derive from VPP_WS_DIR and VPP_TAG)",
+)
 
-parser.add_argument("--extern-plugin-dir", action="append", type=directory,
-                    default=[], help="directory containing external plugins")
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--extern-plugin-dir",
+    action="append",
+    type=directory,
+    default=[],
+    help="directory containing external plugins",
+)
 
-parser.add_argument("--coredump-size", action="store", default="unlimited",
-                    help="specify vpp coredump size")
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--coredump-size",
+    action="store",
+    default="unlimited",
+    help="specify vpp coredump size",
+)
 
-parser.add_argument("--max-vpp-cpus", action="store", type=int_or_auto,
-                    default=0, help="max cpus used by vpp")
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--max-vpp-cpus",
+    action="store",
+    type=int_or_auto,
+    default=0,
+    help="max cpus used by vpp",
+)
 
 variant_help_string = """\
 specify which march node variant to unit test
@@ -228,26 +325,41 @@ specify which march node variant to unit test
 
 parser.add_argument("--variant", action="store", help=variant_help_string)
 
-parser.add_argument("--api-fuzz", action="store", default=None,
-                    help="specify api fuzzing parameters")
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--api-fuzz", action="store", default=None, help="specify api fuzzing parameters"
+)
 
-parser.add_argument("--wipe-tmp-dir", action="store_true", default=True,
-                    help="remove test tmp directory before running test")
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--wipe-tmp-dir",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=True,
+    help="remove test tmp directory before running test",
+)
 
-parser.add_argument("--tmp-dir", action="store", default="/tmp",
-                    type=directory_verify_or_create,
-                    help="directory where to store test temporary directories")
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--tmp-dir",
+    action="store",
+    default="/tmp",
+    type=directory_verify_or_create,
+    help="directory where to store test temporary directories",
+)
 
-parser.add_argument("--log-dir", action="store",
-                    type=directory_verify_or_create,
-                    help="directory where to store directories "
-                    "containing log files (default: --tmp-dir)")
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--log-dir",
+    action="store",
+    type=directory_verify_or_create,
+    help="directory where to store directories "
+    "containing log files (default: --tmp-dir)",
+)
 
 default_keep_pcaps = False
-parser.add_argument("--keep-pcaps", action="store_true",
-                    default=default_keep_pcaps,
-                    help="if set, keep all pcap files from a test run"
-                    f" (default: {default_keep_pcaps})")
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--keep-pcaps",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=default_keep_pcaps,
+    help="if set, keep all pcap files from a test run"
+    f" (default: {default_keep_pcaps})",
+)
 
 config = parser.parse_args()
 
@@ -268,12 +380,13 @@ libs = ["lib", "lib64"]
 
 if config.vpp_plugin_dir is None:
     config.vpp_plugin_dir = [
-        f"{config.vpp_install_dir}/vpp/{lib}/vpp_plugins" for lib in libs]
+        f"{config.vpp_install_dir}/vpp/{lib}/vpp_plugins" for lib in libs
+    ]
 
 if config.vpp_test_plugin_dir is None:
     config.vpp_test_plugin_dir = [
-        f"{config.vpp_install_dir}/vpp/{lib}/vpp_api_test_plugins"
-        for lib in libs]
+        f"{config.vpp_install_dir}/vpp/{lib}/vpp_api_test_plugins" for lib in libs
+    ]
 
 test_dirs = [f"{ws}/test"]
 
@@ -289,7 +402,7 @@ if config.venv_dir is None:
 available_cpus = psutil.Process().cpu_affinity()
 num_cpus = len(available_cpus)
 
-if config.max_vpp_cpus == 'auto':
+if config.max_vpp_cpus == "auto":
     max_vpp_cpus = num_cpus
 elif config.max_vpp_cpus > 0:
     max_vpp_cpus = min(config.max_vpp_cpus, num_cpus)
diff --git a/test/debug.py b/test/debug.py
index 0ab143201c8..d77fd87f3e5 100644
--- a/test/debug.py
+++ b/test/debug.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from sanity_run_vpp import SanityTestCase
 from shutil import rmtree
 from config import available_cpus
 
-gdb_path = '/usr/bin/gdb'
+gdb_path = "/usr/bin/gdb"
 
 
 def spawn_gdb(binary_path, core_path):
@@ -24,8 +24,9 @@ def spawn_gdb(binary_path, core_path):
         if gdb.isalive():
             raise Exception("GDB refused to die...")
     else:
-        sys.stderr.write("Debugger '%s' does not exist or is not "
-                         "an executable..\n" % gdb_path)
+        sys.stderr.write(
+            "Debugger '%s' does not exist or is not an executable..\n" % gdb_path
+        )
 
 
 def start_vpp_in_gdb():
@@ -33,8 +34,7 @@ def start_vpp_in_gdb():
     # but any test case class could be used ...
     SanityTestCase.set_debug_flags("attach")
     SanityTestCase.tempdir = SanityTestCase.get_tempdir()
-    SanityTestCase.assign_cpus(
-        available_cpus[:SanityTestCase.get_cpus_required()])
+    SanityTestCase.assign_cpus(available_cpus[: SanityTestCase.get_cpus_required()])
     SanityTestCase.setUpConstants()
     vpp_cmdline = SanityTestCase.vpp_cmdline
     print("Hacking cmdline to make VPP interactive.")
@@ -54,5 +54,6 @@ def start_vpp_in_gdb():
         if gdb.isalive():
             raise Exception("GDB refused to die...")
     else:
-        sys.stderr.write("Debugger '%s' does not exist or is not "
-                         "an executable..\n" % gdb_path)
+        sys.stderr.write(
+            "Debugger '%s' does not exist or is not an executable..\n" % gdb_path
+        )
diff --git a/test/debug_internal.py b/test/debug_internal.py
index 2cbee27ec81..fe10db7ee7f 100644
--- a/test/debug_internal.py
+++ b/test/debug_internal.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import vpp_papi
 from vpp_papi_provider import VppPapiProvider
 import objgraph
 from pympler import tracker
+
 tr = tracker.SummaryTracker()
 
 """
@@ -18,16 +19,16 @@ def on_tear_down_class(cls):
     tr.print_diff()
     objects = gc.get_objects()
     counter = 0
-    with open(cls.tempdir + '/python_objects.txt', 'w') as f:
+    with open(cls.tempdir + "/python_objects.txt", "w") as f:
         interesting = [
-            o for o in objects
-            if isinstance(o, (VppPapiProvider, vpp_papi.VPP))]
+            o for o in objects if isinstance(o, (VppPapiProvider, vpp_papi.VPP))
+        ]
         del objects
         gc.collect()
         for o in interesting:
-            objgraph.show_backrefs([o], max_depth=5,
-                                   filename="%s/%s.png" %
-                                   (cls.tempdir, counter))
+            objgraph.show_backrefs(
+                [o], max_depth=5, filename="%s/%s.png" % (cls.tempdir, counter)
+            )
             counter += 1
             refs = gc.get_referrers(o)
             pp = pprint.PrettyPrinter(indent=2)
diff --git a/test/framework.py b/test/framework.py
index 8065518ff7a..05e59b577cb 100644
--- a/test/framework.py
+++ b/test/framework.py
@@ -37,8 +37,15 @@ from vpp_papi import VppEnum
 import vpp_papi
 from vpp_papi.vpp_stats import VPPStats
 from vpp_papi.vpp_transport_socket import VppTransportSocketIOError
-from log import RED, GREEN, YELLOW, double_line_delim, single_line_delim, \
-    get_logger, colorize
+from log import (
+    RED,
+    GREEN,
+    YELLOW,
+    double_line_delim,
+    single_line_delim,
+    get_logger,
+    colorize,
+)
 from vpp_object import VppObjectRegistry
 from util import ppp, is_core_present
 from scapy.layers.inet import IPerror, TCPerror, UDPerror, ICMPerror
@@ -49,7 +56,7 @@ from scapy.layers.inet6 import ICMPv6EchoReply
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 # Set up an empty logger for the testcase that can be overridden as necessary
-null_logger = logging.getLogger('VppTestCase')
+null_logger = logging.getLogger("VppTestCase")
 null_logger.addHandler(logging.NullHandler())
 
 PASS = 0
@@ -72,10 +79,13 @@ if config.debug_framework:
 
 
 class VppDiedError(Exception):
-    """ exception for reporting that the subprocess has died."""
+    """exception for reporting that the subprocess has died."""
 
-    signals_by_value = {v: k for k, v in signal.__dict__.items() if
-                        k.startswith('SIG') and not k.startswith('SIG_')}
+    signals_by_value = {
+        v: k
+        for k, v in signal.__dict__.items()
+        if k.startswith("SIG") and not k.startswith("SIG_")
+    }
 
     def __init__(self, rv=None, testcase=None, method_name=None):
         self.rv = rv
@@ -89,15 +99,16 @@ class VppDiedError(Exception):
             pass
 
         if testcase is None and method_name is None:
-            in_msg = ''
+            in_msg = ""
         else:
-            in_msg = ' while running %s.%s' % (testcase, method_name)
+            in_msg = " while running %s.%s" % (testcase, method_name)
 
         if self.rv:
-            msg = "VPP subprocess died unexpectedly%s with return code: %d%s."\
-                % (in_msg, self.rv, ' [%s]' %
-                   (self.signal_name if
-                    self.signal_name is not None else ''))
+            msg = "VPP subprocess died unexpectedly%s with return code: %d%s." % (
+                in_msg,
+                self.rv,
+                " [%s]" % (self.signal_name if self.signal_name is not None else ""),
+            )
         else:
             msg = "VPP subprocess died unexpectedly%s." % in_msg
 
@@ -110,6 +121,7 @@ class _PacketInfo(object):
     Help process information about the next packet.
     Set variables to default values.
     """
+
     #: Store the index of the packet.
     index = -1
     #: Store the index of the source packet generator interface of the packet.
@@ -133,19 +145,23 @@ class _PacketInfo(object):
 
 
 def pump_output(testclass):
-    """ pump output from vpp stdout/stderr to proper queues """
+    """pump output from vpp stdout/stderr to proper queues"""
     stdout_fragment = ""
     stderr_fragment = ""
     while not testclass.pump_thread_stop_flag.is_set():
-        readable = select.select([testclass.vpp.stdout.fileno(),
-                                  testclass.vpp.stderr.fileno(),
-                                  testclass.pump_thread_wakeup_pipe[0]],
-                                 [], [])[0]
+        readable = select.select(
+            [
+                testclass.vpp.stdout.fileno(),
+                testclass.vpp.stderr.fileno(),
+                testclass.pump_thread_wakeup_pipe[0],
+            ],
+            [],
+            [],
+        )[0]
         if testclass.vpp.stdout.fileno() in readable:
             read = os.read(testclass.vpp.stdout.fileno(), 102400)
             if len(read) > 0:
-                split = read.decode('ascii',
-                                    errors='backslashreplace').splitlines(True)
+                split = read.decode("ascii", errors="backslashreplace").splitlines(True)
                 if len(stdout_fragment) > 0:
                     split[0] = "%s%s" % (stdout_fragment, split[0])
                 if len(split) > 0 and split[-1].endswith("\n"):
@@ -156,13 +172,11 @@ def pump_output(testclass):
                 testclass.vpp_stdout_deque.extend(split[:limit])
                 if not config.cache_vpp_output:
                     for line in split[:limit]:
-                        testclass.logger.info(
-                            "VPP STDOUT: %s" % line.rstrip("\n"))
+                        testclass.logger.info("VPP STDOUT: %s" % line.rstrip("\n"))
         if testclass.vpp.stderr.fileno() in readable:
             read = os.read(testclass.vpp.stderr.fileno(), 102400)
             if len(read) > 0:
-                split = read.decode('ascii',
-                                    errors='backslashreplace').splitlines(True)
+                split = read.decode("ascii", errors="backslashreplace").splitlines(True)
                 if len(stderr_fragment) > 0:
                     split[0] = "%s%s" % (stderr_fragment, split[0])
                 if len(split) > 0 and split[-1].endswith("\n"):
@@ -174,14 +188,13 @@ def pump_output(testclass):
                 testclass.vpp_stderr_deque.extend(split[:limit])
                 if not config.cache_vpp_output:
                     for line in split[:limit]:
-                        testclass.logger.error(
-                            "VPP STDERR: %s" % line.rstrip("\n"))
+                        testclass.logger.error("VPP STDERR: %s" % line.rstrip("\n"))
                         # ignoring the dummy pipe here intentionally - the
                         # flag will take care of properly terminating the loop
 
 
 def _is_platform_aarch64():
-    return platform.machine() == 'aarch64'
+    return platform.machine() == "aarch64"
 
 
 is_platform_aarch64 = _is_platform_aarch64()
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ class KeepAliveReporter(object):
     """
     Singleton object which reports test start to parent process
     """
+
     _shared_state = {}
 
     def __init__(self):
@@ -216,7 +230,7 @@ class KeepAliveReporter(object):
             return
 
         if isclass(test):
-            desc = '%s (%s)' % (desc, unittest.util.strclass(test))
+            desc = "%s (%s)" % (desc, unittest.util.strclass(test))
         else:
             desc = test.id()
 
@@ -240,6 +254,7 @@ def create_tag_decorator(e):
         except AttributeError:
             cls.test_tags = [e]
         return cls
+
     return decorator
 
 
@@ -250,7 +265,7 @@ tag_fixme_asan = create_tag_decorator(TestCaseTag.FIXME_ASAN)
 
 class DummyVpp:
     returncode = None
-    pid = 0xcafebafe
+    pid = 0xCAFEBAFE
 
     def poll(self):
         pass
@@ -300,7 +315,7 @@ class VppTestCase(CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
 
     @classmethod
     def has_tag(cls, tag):
-        """ if the test case has a given tag - return true """
+        """if the test case has a given tag - return true"""
         try:
             return tag in cls.test_tags
         except AttributeError:
@@ -309,15 +324,15 @@ class VppTestCase(CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
 
     @classmethod
     def is_tagged_run_solo(cls):
-        """ if the test case class is timing-sensitive - return true """
+        """if the test case class is timing-sensitive - return true"""
         return cls.has_tag(TestCaseTag.RUN_SOLO)
 
     @classmethod
     def skip_fixme_asan(cls):
-        """ if @tag_fixme_asan & ASan is enabled - mark for skip """
+        """if @tag_fixme_asan & ASan is enabled - mark for skip"""
         if cls.has_tag(TestCaseTag.FIXME_ASAN):
-            vpp_extra_cmake_args = os.environ.get('VPP_EXTRA_CMAKE_ARGS', '')
-            if 'DVPP_ENABLE_SANITIZE_ADDR=ON' in vpp_extra_cmake_args:
+            vpp_extra_cmake_args = os.environ.get("VPP_EXTRA_CMAKE_ARGS", "")
+            if "DVPP_ENABLE_SANITIZE_ADDR=ON" in vpp_extra_cmake_args:
                 cls = unittest.skip("Skipping @tag_fixme_asan tests")(cls)
 
     @classmethod
@@ -364,7 +379,7 @@ class VppTestCase(CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpConstants(cls):
-        """ Set-up the test case class based on environment variables """
+        """Set-up the test case class based on environment variables"""
         cls.step = config.step
         cls.plugin_path = ":".join(config.vpp_plugin_dir)
         cls.test_plugin_path = ":".join(config.vpp_test_plugin_dir)
@@ -385,34 +400,92 @@ class VppTestCase(CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
 
         api_fuzzing = config.api_fuzz
         if api_fuzzing is None:
-            api_fuzzing = 'off'
+            api_fuzzing = "off"
 
         cls.vpp_cmdline = [
             config.vpp,
-            "unix", "{", "nodaemon", debug_cli, "full-coredump",
-            coredump_size, "runtime-dir", cls.tempdir, "}",
-            "api-trace", "{", "on", "}",
-            "api-segment", "{", "prefix", cls.get_api_segment_prefix(), "}",
-            "cpu", "{", "main-core", str(cls.cpus[0]), ]
-        if cls.extern_plugin_path not in (None, ""):
-            cls.extra_vpp_plugin_config.append(
-                "add-path %s" % cls.extern_plugin_path)
-        if cls.get_vpp_worker_count():
-            cls.vpp_cmdline.extend([
-                "corelist-workers", ",".join([str(x) for x in cls.cpus[1:]])])
-        cls.vpp_cmdline.extend([
+            "unix",
+            "{",
+            "nodaemon",
+            debug_cli,
+            "full-coredump",
+            coredump_size,
+            "runtime-dir",
+            cls.tempdir,
             "}",
-            "physmem", "{", "max-size", "32m", "}",
-            "statseg", "{", "socket-name", cls.get_stats_sock_path(),
-            cls.extra_vpp_statseg_config, "}",
-            "socksvr", "{", "socket-name", cls.get_api_sock_path(), "}",
-            "node { ", default_variant, "}",
-            "api-fuzz {", api_fuzzing, "}",
-            "plugins", "{", "plugin", "dpdk_plugin.so", "{", "disable", "}",
-            "plugin", "rdma_plugin.so", "{", "disable", "}",
-            "plugin", "lisp_unittest_plugin.so", "{", "enable", "}",
-            "plugin", "unittest_plugin.so", "{", "enable", "}"
-        ] + cls.extra_vpp_plugin_config + ["}", ])
+            "api-trace",
+            "{",
+            "on",
+            "}",
+            "api-segment",
+            "{",
+            "prefix",
+            cls.get_api_segment_prefix(),
+            "}",
+            "cpu",
+            "{",
+            "main-core",
+            str(cls.cpus[0]),
+        ]
+        if cls.extern_plugin_path not in (None, ""):
+            cls.extra_vpp_plugin_config.append("add-path %s" % cls.extern_plugin_path)
+        if cls.get_vpp_worker_count():
+            cls.vpp_cmdline.extend(
+                ["corelist-workers", ",".join([str(x) for x in cls.cpus[1:]])]
+            )
+        cls.vpp_cmdline.extend(
+            [
+                "}",
+                "physmem",
+                "{",
+                "max-size",
+                "32m",
+                "}",
+                "statseg",
+                "{",
+                "socket-name",
+                cls.get_stats_sock_path(),
+                cls.extra_vpp_statseg_config,
+                "}",
+                "socksvr",
+                "{",
+                "socket-name",
+                cls.get_api_sock_path(),
+                "}",
+                "node { ",
+                default_variant,
+                "}",
+                "api-fuzz {",
+                api_fuzzing,
+                "}",
+                "plugins",
+                "{",
+                "plugin",
+                "dpdk_plugin.so",
+                "{",
+                "disable",
+                "}",
+                "plugin",
+                "rdma_plugin.so",
+                "{",
+                "disable",
+                "}",
+                "plugin",
+                "lisp_unittest_plugin.so",
+                "{",
+                "enable",
+                "}",
+                "plugin",
+                "unittest_plugin.so",
+                "{",
+                "enable",
+                "}",
+            ]
+            + cls.extra_vpp_plugin_config
+            + [
+                "}",
+            ]
+        )
 
         if cls.extra_vpp_punt_config is not None:
             cls.vpp_cmdline.extend(cls.extra_vpp_punt_config)
@@ -435,17 +508,23 @@ class VppTestCase(CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
         print(single_line_delim)
         print("You can debug VPP using:")
         if cls.debug_gdbserver:
-            print(f"sudo gdb {config.vpp} "
-                  f"-ex 'target remote localhost:{cls.gdbserver_port}'")
-            print("Now is the time to attach gdb by running the above "
-                  "command, set up breakpoints etc., then resume VPP from "
-                  "within gdb by issuing the 'continue' command")
+            print(
+                f"sudo gdb {config.vpp} "
+                f"-ex 'target remote localhost:{cls.gdbserver_port}'"
+            )
+            print(
+                "Now is the time to attach gdb by running the above "
+                "command, set up breakpoints etc., then resume VPP from "
+                "within gdb by issuing the 'continue' command"
+            )
             cls.gdbserver_port += 1
         elif cls.debug_gdb:
             print(f"sudo gdb {config.vpp} -ex 'attach {cls.vpp.pid}'")
-            print("Now is the time to attach gdb by running the above "
-                  "command and set up breakpoints etc., then resume VPP from"
-                  " within gdb by issuing the 'continue' command")
+            print(
+                "Now is the time to attach gdb by running the above "
+                "command and set up breakpoints etc., then resume VPP from"
+                " within gdb by issuing the 'continue' command"
+            )
         print(single_line_delim)
         input("Press ENTER to continue running the testcase...")
 
@@ -459,31 +538,35 @@ class VppTestCase(CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
         cmdline = cls.vpp_cmdline
 
         if cls.debug_gdbserver:
-            gdbserver = '/usr/bin/gdbserver'
-            if not os.path.isfile(gdbserver) or\
-                    not os.access(gdbserver, os.X_OK):
-                raise Exception("gdbserver binary '%s' does not exist or is "
-                                "not executable" % gdbserver)
+            gdbserver = "/usr/bin/gdbserver"
+            if not os.path.isfile(gdbserver) or not os.access(gdbserver, os.X_OK):
+                raise Exception(
+                    "gdbserver binary '%s' does not exist or is "
+                    "not executable" % gdbserver
+                )
 
-            cmdline = [gdbserver, 'localhost:{port}'
-                       .format(port=cls.gdbserver_port)] + cls.vpp_cmdline
+            cmdline = [
+                gdbserver,
+                "localhost:{port}".format(port=cls.gdbserver_port),
+            ] + cls.vpp_cmdline
             cls.logger.info("Gdbserver cmdline is %s", " ".join(cmdline))
 
         try:
-            cls.vpp = subprocess.Popen(cmdline,
-                                       stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
-                                       stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+            cls.vpp = subprocess.Popen(
+                cmdline, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE
+            )
         except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
-            cls.logger.critical("Subprocess returned with non-0 return code: ("
-                                "%s)", e.returncode)
+            cls.logger.critical(
+                "Subprocess returned with non-0 return code: (%s)", e.returncode
+            )
             raise
         except OSError as e:
-            cls.logger.critical("Subprocess returned with OS error: "
-                                "(%s) %s", e.errno, e.strerror)
+            cls.logger.critical(
+                "Subprocess returned with OS error: (%s) %s", e.errno, e.strerror
+            )
             raise
         except Exception as e:
-            cls.logger.exception("Subprocess returned unexpected from "
-                                 "%s:", cmdline)
+            cls.logger.exception("Subprocess returned unexpected from %s:", cmdline)
             raise
 
         cls.wait_for_enter()
@@ -504,11 +587,11 @@ class VppTestCase(CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
                     ok = True
                     break
             if not ok:
-                cls.logger.error("Timed out waiting for coredump to complete:"
-                                 " %s", corefile)
+                cls.logger.error(
+                    "Timed out waiting for coredump to complete: %s", corefile
+                )
             else:
-                cls.logger.error("Coredump complete: %s, size %d",
-                                 corefile, curr_size)
+                cls.logger.error("Coredump complete: %s, size %d", corefile, curr_size)
 
     @classmethod
     def get_stats_sock_path(cls):
@@ -554,21 +637,24 @@ class VppTestCase(CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
         super(VppTestCase, cls).setUpClass()
         cls.logger = get_logger(cls.__name__)
         random.seed(config.rnd_seed)
-        if hasattr(cls, 'parallel_handler'):
+        if hasattr(cls, "parallel_handler"):
             cls.logger.addHandler(cls.parallel_handler)
             cls.logger.propagate = False
         cls.set_debug_flags(config.debug)
         cls.tempdir = cls.get_tempdir()
         cls.create_file_handler()
         cls.file_handler.setFormatter(
-            Formatter(fmt='%(asctime)s,%(msecs)03d %(message)s',
-                      datefmt="%H:%M:%S"))
+            Formatter(fmt="%(asctime)s,%(msecs)03d %(message)s", datefmt="%H:%M:%S")
+        )
         cls.file_handler.setLevel(DEBUG)
         cls.logger.addHandler(cls.file_handler)
         cls.logger.debug("--- setUpClass() for %s called ---" % cls.__name__)
         os.chdir(cls.tempdir)
-        cls.logger.info("Temporary dir is %s, api socket is %s",
-                        cls.tempdir, cls.get_api_sock_path())
+        cls.logger.info(
+            "Temporary dir is %s, api socket is %s",
+            cls.tempdir,
+            cls.get_api_sock_path(),
+        )
         cls.logger.debug("Random seed is %s", config.rnd_seed)
         cls.setUpConstants()
         cls.reset_packet_infos()
@@ -586,9 +672,10 @@ class VppTestCase(CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
                 cls.attach_vpp()
             else:
                 cls.run_vpp()
-            cls.reporter.send_keep_alive(cls, 'setUpClass')
+            cls.reporter.send_keep_alive(cls, "setUpClass")
             VppTestResult.current_test_case_info = TestCaseInfo(
-                cls.logger, cls.tempdir, cls.vpp.pid, config.vpp)
+                cls.logger, cls.tempdir, cls.vpp.pid, config.vpp
+            )
             cls.vpp_stdout_deque = deque()
             cls.vpp_stderr_deque = deque()
             if not cls.debug_attach:
@@ -599,8 +686,7 @@ class VppTestCase(CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
                 cls.pump_thread.start()
             if cls.debug_gdb or cls.debug_gdbserver or cls.debug_attach:
                 cls.vapi_response_timeout = 0
-            cls.vapi = VppPapiProvider(cls.__name__, cls,
-                                       cls.vapi_response_timeout)
+            cls.vapi = VppPapiProvider(cls.__name__, cls, cls.vapi_response_timeout)
             if cls.step:
                 hook = hookmodule.StepHook(cls)
             else:
@@ -613,7 +699,8 @@ class VppTestCase(CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
                 cls.vpp_startup_failed = True
                 cls.logger.critical(
                     "VPP died shortly after startup, check the"
-                    " output to standard error for possible cause")
+                    " output to standard error for possible cause"
+                )
                 raise
             try:
                 cls.vapi.connect()
@@ -622,9 +709,14 @@ class VppTestCase(CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
                 cls.vapi.disconnect()
 
                 if cls.debug_gdbserver:
-                    print(colorize("You're running VPP inside gdbserver but "
-                                   "VPP-API connection failed, did you forget "
-                                   "to 'continue' VPP from within gdb?", RED))
+                    print(
+                        colorize(
+                            "You're running VPP inside gdbserver but "
+                            "VPP-API connection failed, did you forget "
+                            "to 'continue' VPP from within gdb?",
+                            RED,
+                        )
+                    )
                 raise e
             if cls.debug_attach:
                 last_line = cls.vapi.cli("show thread").split("\n")[-2]
@@ -641,7 +733,7 @@ class VppTestCase(CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
 
     @classmethod
     def _debug_quit(cls):
-        if (cls.debug_gdbserver or cls.debug_gdb):
+        if cls.debug_gdbserver or cls.debug_gdb:
             try:
                 cls.vpp.poll()
 
@@ -650,8 +742,10 @@ class VppTestCase(CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
                     print(double_line_delim)
                     print("VPP or GDB server is still running")
                     print(single_line_delim)
-                    input("When done debugging, press ENTER to kill the "
-                          "process and finish running the testcase...")
+                    input(
+                        "When done debugging, press ENTER to kill the "
+                        "process and finish running the testcase..."
+                    )
             except AttributeError:
                 pass
 
@@ -663,25 +757,23 @@ class VppTestCase(CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
         cls._debug_quit()
 
         # first signal that we want to stop the pump thread, then wake it up
-        if hasattr(cls, 'pump_thread_stop_flag'):
+        if hasattr(cls, "pump_thread_stop_flag"):
             cls.pump_thread_stop_flag.set()
-        if hasattr(cls, 'pump_thread_wakeup_pipe'):
-            os.write(cls.pump_thread_wakeup_pipe[1], b'ding dong wake up')
-        if hasattr(cls, 'pump_thread'):
+        if hasattr(cls, "pump_thread_wakeup_pipe"):
+            os.write(cls.pump_thread_wakeup_pipe[1], b"ding dong wake up")
+        if hasattr(cls, "pump_thread"):
             cls.logger.debug("Waiting for pump thread to stop")
             cls.pump_thread.join()
-        if hasattr(cls, 'vpp_stderr_reader_thread'):
+        if hasattr(cls, "vpp_stderr_reader_thread"):
             cls.logger.debug("Waiting for stderr pump to stop")
             cls.vpp_stderr_reader_thread.join()
 
-        if hasattr(cls, 'vpp'):
-            if hasattr(cls, 'vapi'):
+        if hasattr(cls, "vpp"):
+            if hasattr(cls, "vapi"):
                 cls.logger.debug(cls.vapi.vpp.get_stats())
-                cls.logger.debug("Disconnecting class vapi client on %s",
-                                 cls.__name__)
+                cls.logger.debug("Disconnecting class vapi client on %s", cls.__name__)
                 cls.vapi.disconnect()
-                cls.logger.debug("Deleting class vapi attribute on %s",
-                                 cls.__name__)
+                cls.logger.debug("Deleting class vapi attribute on %s", cls.__name__)
                 del cls.vapi
             cls.vpp.poll()
             if not cls.debug_attach and cls.vpp.returncode is None:
@@ -694,8 +786,7 @@ class VppTestCase(CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
                 except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
                     cls.vpp.kill()
                     outs, errs = cls.vpp.communicate()
-            cls.logger.debug("Deleting class vpp attribute on %s",
-                             cls.__name__)
+            cls.logger.debug("Deleting class vpp attribute on %s", cls.__name__)
             if not cls.debug_attach:
                 cls.vpp.stdout.close()
                 cls.vpp.stderr.close()
@@ -708,32 +799,31 @@ class VppTestCase(CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
             stdout_log = cls.logger.info
             stderr_log = cls.logger.info
 
-        if hasattr(cls, 'vpp_stdout_deque'):
+        if hasattr(cls, "vpp_stdout_deque"):
             stdout_log(single_line_delim)
-            stdout_log('VPP output to stdout while running %s:', cls.__name__)
+            stdout_log("VPP output to stdout while running %s:", cls.__name__)
             stdout_log(single_line_delim)
             vpp_output = "".join(cls.vpp_stdout_deque)
-            with open(cls.tempdir + '/vpp_stdout.txt', 'w') as f:
+            with open(cls.tempdir + "/vpp_stdout.txt", "w") as f:
                 f.write(vpp_output)
-            stdout_log('\n%s', vpp_output)
+            stdout_log("\n%s", vpp_output)
             stdout_log(single_line_delim)
 
-        if hasattr(cls, 'vpp_stderr_deque'):
+        if hasattr(cls, "vpp_stderr_deque"):
             stderr_log(single_line_delim)
-            stderr_log('VPP output to stderr while running %s:', cls.__name__)
+            stderr_log("VPP output to stderr while running %s:", cls.__name__)
             stderr_log(single_line_delim)
             vpp_output = "".join(cls.vpp_stderr_deque)
-            with open(cls.tempdir + '/vpp_stderr.txt', 'w') as f:
+            with open(cls.tempdir + "/vpp_stderr.txt", "w") as f:
                 f.write(vpp_output)
-            stderr_log('\n%s', vpp_output)
+            stderr_log("\n%s", vpp_output)
             stderr_log(single_line_delim)
 
     @classmethod
     def tearDownClass(cls):
-        """ Perform final cleanup after running all tests in this test-case """
-        cls.logger.debug("--- tearDownClass() for %s called ---" %
-                         cls.__name__)
-        cls.reporter.send_keep_alive(cls, 'tearDownClass')
+        """Perform final cleanup after running all tests in this test-case"""
+        cls.logger.debug("--- tearDownClass() for %s called ---" % cls.__name__)
+        cls.reporter.send_keep_alive(cls, "tearDownClass")
         cls.quit()
         cls.file_handler.close()
         cls.reset_packet_infos()
@@ -741,14 +831,15 @@ class VppTestCase(CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
             debug_internal.on_tear_down_class(cls)
 
     def show_commands_at_teardown(self):
-        """ Allow subclass specific teardown logging additions."""
+        """Allow subclass specific teardown logging additions."""
         self.logger.info("--- No test specific show commands provided. ---")
 
     def tearDown(self):
-        """ Show various debug prints after each test """
-        self.logger.debug("--- tearDown() for %s.%s(%s) called ---" %
-                          (self.__class__.__name__, self._testMethodName,
-                           self._testMethodDoc))
+        """Show various debug prints after each test"""
+        self.logger.debug(
+            "--- tearDown() for %s.%s(%s) called ---"
+            % (self.__class__.__name__, self._testMethodName, self._testMethodDoc)
+        )
 
         try:
             if not self.vpp_dead:
@@ -769,32 +860,35 @@ class VppTestCase(CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
             tmp_api_trace = "/tmp/%s" % api_trace
             vpp_api_trace_log = "%s/%s" % (self.tempdir, api_trace)
             self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli("api trace save %s" % api_trace))
-            self.logger.info("Moving %s to %s\n" % (tmp_api_trace,
-                                                    vpp_api_trace_log))
+            self.logger.info("Moving %s to %s\n" % (tmp_api_trace, vpp_api_trace_log))
             os.rename(tmp_api_trace, vpp_api_trace_log)
         except VppTransportSocketIOError:
-            self.logger.debug("VppTransportSocketIOError: Vpp dead. "
-                              "Cannot log show commands.")
+            self.logger.debug(
+                "VppTransportSocketIOError: Vpp dead. Cannot log show commands."
+            )
             self.vpp_dead = True
         else:
             self.registry.unregister_all(self.logger)
 
     def setUp(self):
-        """ Clear trace before running each test"""
+        """Clear trace before running each test"""
         super(VppTestCase, self).setUp()
         self.reporter.send_keep_alive(self)
         if self.vpp_dead:
-            raise VppDiedError(rv=None, testcase=self.__class__.__name__,
-                               method_name=self._testMethodName)
-        self.sleep(.1, "during setUp")
+            raise VppDiedError(
+                rv=None,
+                testcase=self.__class__.__name__,
+                method_name=self._testMethodName,
+            )
+        self.sleep(0.1, "during setUp")
         self.vpp_stdout_deque.append(
-            "--- test setUp() for %s.%s(%s) starts here ---\n" %
-            (self.__class__.__name__, self._testMethodName,
-             self._testMethodDoc))
+            "--- test setUp() for %s.%s(%s) starts here ---\n"
+            % (self.__class__.__name__, self._testMethodName, self._testMethodDoc)
+        )
         self.vpp_stderr_deque.append(
-            "--- test setUp() for %s.%s(%s) starts here ---\n" %
-            (self.__class__.__name__, self._testMethodName,
-             self._testMethodDoc))
+            "--- test setUp() for %s.%s(%s) starts here ---\n"
+            % (self.__class__.__name__, self._testMethodName, self._testMethodDoc)
+        )
         self.vapi.cli("clear trace")
         # store the test instance inside the test class - so that objects
         # holding the class can access instance methods (like assertEqual)
@@ -816,7 +910,7 @@ class VppTestCase(CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
 
     @classmethod
     def register_pcap(cls, intf, worker):
-        """ Register a pcap in the testclass """
+        """Register a pcap in the testclass"""
         # add to the list of captures with current timestamp
         cls._pcaps.append((intf, worker))
 
@@ -824,14 +918,14 @@ class VppTestCase(CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
     def get_vpp_time(cls):
         # processes e.g. "Time now 2.190522, Wed, 11 Mar 2020 17:29:54 GMT"
         # returns float("2.190522")
-        timestr = cls.vapi.cli('show clock')
-        head, sep, tail = timestr.partition(',')
-        head, sep, tail = head.partition('Time now')
+        timestr = cls.vapi.cli("show clock")
+        head, sep, tail = timestr.partition(",")
+        head, sep, tail = head.partition("Time now")
         return float(tail)
 
     @classmethod
     def sleep_on_vpp_time(cls, sec):
-        """ Sleep according to time in VPP world """
+        """Sleep according to time in VPP world"""
         # On a busy system with many processes
         # we might end up with VPP time being slower than real world
         # So take that into account when waiting for VPP to do something
@@ -841,34 +935,31 @@ class VppTestCase(CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
 
     @classmethod
     def pg_start(cls, trace=True):
-        """ Enable the PG, wait till it is done, then clean up """
+        """Enable the PG, wait till it is done, then clean up"""
         for (intf, worker) in cls._old_pcaps:
-            intf.handle_old_pcap_file(intf.get_in_path(worker),
-                                      intf.in_history_counter)
+            intf.handle_old_pcap_file(intf.get_in_path(worker), intf.in_history_counter)
         cls._old_pcaps = []
         if trace:
             cls.vapi.cli("clear trace")
             cls.vapi.cli("trace add pg-input 1000")
-        cls.vapi.cli('packet-generator enable')
+        cls.vapi.cli("packet-generator enable")
         # PG, when starts, runs to completion -
         # so let's avoid a race condition,
         # and wait a little till it's done.
         # Then clean it up  - and then be gone.
         deadline = time.time() + 300
-        while cls.vapi.cli('show packet-generator').find("Yes") != -1:
+        while cls.vapi.cli("show packet-generator").find("Yes") != -1:
             cls.sleep(0.01)  # yield
             if time.time() > deadline:
                 cls.logger.error("Timeout waiting for pg to stop")
                 break
         for intf, worker in cls._pcaps:
-            cls.vapi.cli('packet-generator delete %s' %
-                         intf.get_cap_name(worker))
+            cls.vapi.cli("packet-generator delete %s" % intf.get_cap_name(worker))
         cls._old_pcaps = cls._pcaps
         cls._pcaps = []
 
     @classmethod
-    def create_pg_interfaces_internal(cls, interfaces, gso=0, gso_size=0,
-                                      mode=None):
+    def create_pg_interfaces_internal(cls, interfaces, gso=0, gso_size=0, mode=None):
         """
         Create packet-generator interfaces.
 
@@ -887,26 +978,30 @@ class VppTestCase(CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
     @classmethod
     def create_pg_ip4_interfaces(cls, interfaces, gso=0, gso_size=0):
         pgmode = VppEnum.vl_api_pg_interface_mode_t
-        return cls.create_pg_interfaces_internal(interfaces, gso, gso_size,
-                                                 pgmode.PG_API_MODE_IP4)
+        return cls.create_pg_interfaces_internal(
+            interfaces, gso, gso_size, pgmode.PG_API_MODE_IP4
+        )
 
     @classmethod
     def create_pg_ip6_interfaces(cls, interfaces, gso=0, gso_size=0):
         pgmode = VppEnum.vl_api_pg_interface_mode_t
-        return cls.create_pg_interfaces_internal(interfaces, gso, gso_size,
-                                                 pgmode.PG_API_MODE_IP6)
+        return cls.create_pg_interfaces_internal(
+            interfaces, gso, gso_size, pgmode.PG_API_MODE_IP6
+        )
 
     @classmethod
     def create_pg_interfaces(cls, interfaces, gso=0, gso_size=0):
         pgmode = VppEnum.vl_api_pg_interface_mode_t
-        return cls.create_pg_interfaces_internal(interfaces, gso, gso_size,
-                                                 pgmode.PG_API_MODE_ETHERNET)
+        return cls.create_pg_interfaces_internal(
+            interfaces, gso, gso_size, pgmode.PG_API_MODE_ETHERNET
+        )
 
     @classmethod
     def create_pg_ethernet_interfaces(cls, interfaces, gso=0, gso_size=0):
         pgmode = VppEnum.vl_api_pg_interface_mode_t
-        return cls.create_pg_interfaces_internal(interfaces, gso, gso_size,
-                                                 pgmode.PG_API_MODE_ETHERNET)
+        return cls.create_pg_interfaces_internal(
+            interfaces, gso, gso_size, pgmode.PG_API_MODE_ETHERNET
+        )
 
     @classmethod
     def create_loopback_interfaces(cls, count):
@@ -937,7 +1032,7 @@ class VppTestCase(CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
         return result
 
     @staticmethod
-    def extend_packet(packet, size, padding=' '):
+    def extend_packet(packet, size, padding=" "):
         """
         Extend packet to given size by padding with spaces or custom padding
         NOTE: Currently works only when Raw layer is present.
@@ -955,7 +1050,7 @@ class VppTestCase(CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
 
     @classmethod
     def reset_packet_infos(cls):
-        """ Reset the list of packet info objects and packet counts to zero """
+        """Reset the list of packet info objects and packet counts to zero"""
         cls._packet_infos = {}
         cls._packet_count_for_dst_if_idx = {}
 
@@ -997,11 +1092,10 @@ class VppTestCase(CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
         """
 
         # retrieve payload, currently 18 bytes (4 x ints + 1 short)
-        return pack('iiiih', info.index, info.src,
-                    info.dst, info.ip, info.proto)
+        return pack("iiiih", info.index, info.src, info.dst, info.ip, info.proto)
 
     @staticmethod
-    def payload_to_info(payload, payload_field='load'):
+    def payload_to_info(payload, payload_field="load"):
         """
         Convert packet payload to _PacketInfo object
 
@@ -1018,12 +1112,11 @@ class VppTestCase(CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
         payload_b = getattr(payload, payload_field)[:18]
 
         info = _PacketInfo()
-        info.index, info.src, info.dst, info.ip, info.proto \
-            = unpack('iiiih', payload_b)
+        info.index, info.src, info.dst, info.ip, info.proto = unpack("iiiih", payload_b)
 
         # some SRv6 TCs depend on get an exception if bad values are detected
         if info.index > 0x4000:
-            raise ValueError('Index value is invalid')
+            raise ValueError("Index value is invalid")
 
         return info
 
@@ -1086,32 +1179,38 @@ class VppTestCase(CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
             return
         try:
             msg = "Invalid %s: %d('%s') does not match expected value %d('%s')"
-            msg = msg % (getdoc(name_or_class).strip(),
-                         real_value, str(name_or_class(real_value)),
-                         expected_value, str(name_or_class(expected_value)))
+            msg = msg % (
+                getdoc(name_or_class).strip(),
+                real_value,
+                str(name_or_class(real_value)),
+                expected_value,
+                str(name_or_class(expected_value)),
+            )
         except Exception:
             msg = "Invalid %s: %s does not match expected value %s" % (
-                name_or_class, real_value, expected_value)
+                name_or_class,
+                real_value,
+                expected_value,
+            )
 
         self.assertEqual(real_value, expected_value, msg)
 
-    def assert_in_range(self,
-                        real_value,
-                        expected_min,
-                        expected_max,
-                        name=None):
+    def assert_in_range(self, real_value, expected_min, expected_max, name=None):
         if name is None:
             msg = None
         else:
             msg = "Invalid %s: %s out of range <%s,%s>" % (
-                name, real_value, expected_min, expected_max)
+                name,
+                real_value,
+                expected_min,
+                expected_max,
+            )
         self.assertTrue(expected_min <= real_value <= expected_max, msg)
 
-    def assert_packet_checksums_valid(self, packet,
-                                      ignore_zero_udp_checksums=True):
+    def assert_packet_checksums_valid(self, packet, ignore_zero_udp_checksums=True):
         received = packet.__class__(scapy.compat.raw(packet))
-        udp_layers = ['UDP', 'UDPerror']
-        checksum_fields = ['cksum', 'chksum']
+        udp_layers = ["UDP", "UDPerror"]
+        checksum_fields = ["cksum", "chksum"]
         checksums = []
         counter = 0
         temp = received.__class__(scapy.compat.raw(received))
@@ -1122,9 +1221,11 @@ class VppTestCase(CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
                 layer.remove_payload()
                 for cf in checksum_fields:
                     if hasattr(layer, cf):
-                        if ignore_zero_udp_checksums and \
-                                0 == getattr(layer, cf) and \
-                                layer.name in udp_layers:
+                        if (
+                            ignore_zero_udp_checksums
+                            and 0 == getattr(layer, cf)
+                            and layer.name in udp_layers
+                        ):
                             continue
                         delattr(temp.getlayer(counter), cf)
                         checksums.append((counter, cf))
@@ -1137,71 +1238,76 @@ class VppTestCase(CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
         for layer, cf in checksums:
             calc_sum = getattr(temp[layer], cf)
             self.assert_equal(
-                getattr(received[layer], cf), calc_sum,
-                "packet checksum on layer #%d: %s" % (layer, temp[layer].name))
+                getattr(received[layer], cf),
+                calc_sum,
+                "packet checksum on layer #%d: %s" % (layer, temp[layer].name),
+            )
             self.logger.debug(
-                "Checksum field `%s` on `%s` layer has correct value `%s`" %
-                (cf, temp[layer].name, calc_sum))
+                "Checksum field `%s` on `%s` layer has correct value `%s`"
+                % (cf, temp[layer].name, calc_sum)
+            )
 
-    def assert_checksum_valid(self, received_packet, layer,
-                              field_name='chksum',
-                              ignore_zero_checksum=False):
-        """ Check checksum of received packet on given layer """
+    def assert_checksum_valid(
+        self, received_packet, layer, field_name="chksum", ignore_zero_checksum=False
+    ):
+        """Check checksum of received packet on given layer"""
         received_packet_checksum = getattr(received_packet[layer], field_name)
         if ignore_zero_checksum and 0 == received_packet_checksum:
             return
-        recalculated = received_packet.__class__(
-            scapy.compat.raw(received_packet))
+        recalculated = received_packet.__class__(scapy.compat.raw(received_packet))
         delattr(recalculated[layer], field_name)
         recalculated = recalculated.__class__(scapy.compat.raw(recalculated))
-        self.assert_equal(received_packet_checksum,
-                          getattr(recalculated[layer], field_name),
-                          "packet checksum on layer: %s" % layer)
+        self.assert_equal(
+            received_packet_checksum,
+            getattr(recalculated[layer], field_name),
+            "packet checksum on layer: %s" % layer,
+        )
 
-    def assert_ip_checksum_valid(self, received_packet,
-                                 ignore_zero_checksum=False):
-        self.assert_checksum_valid(received_packet, 'IP',
-                                   ignore_zero_checksum=ignore_zero_checksum)
+    def assert_ip_checksum_valid(self, received_packet, ignore_zero_checksum=False):
+        self.assert_checksum_valid(
+            received_packet, "IP", ignore_zero_checksum=ignore_zero_checksum
+        )
 
-    def assert_tcp_checksum_valid(self, received_packet,
-                                  ignore_zero_checksum=False):
-        self.assert_checksum_valid(received_packet, 'TCP',
-                                   ignore_zero_checksum=ignore_zero_checksum)
+    def assert_tcp_checksum_valid(self, received_packet, ignore_zero_checksum=False):
+        self.assert_checksum_valid(
+            received_packet, "TCP", ignore_zero_checksum=ignore_zero_checksum
+        )
 
-    def assert_udp_checksum_valid(self, received_packet,
-                                  ignore_zero_checksum=True):
-        self.assert_checksum_valid(received_packet, 'UDP',
-                                   ignore_zero_checksum=ignore_zero_checksum)
+    def assert_udp_checksum_valid(self, received_packet, ignore_zero_checksum=True):
+        self.assert_checksum_valid(
+            received_packet, "UDP", ignore_zero_checksum=ignore_zero_checksum
+        )
 
     def assert_embedded_icmp_checksum_valid(self, received_packet):
         if received_packet.haslayer(IPerror):
-            self.assert_checksum_valid(received_packet, 'IPerror')
+            self.assert_checksum_valid(received_packet, "IPerror")
         if received_packet.haslayer(TCPerror):
-            self.assert_checksum_valid(received_packet, 'TCPerror')
+            self.assert_checksum_valid(received_packet, "TCPerror")
         if received_packet.haslayer(UDPerror):
-            self.assert_checksum_valid(received_packet, 'UDPerror',
-                                       ignore_zero_checksum=True)
+            self.assert_checksum_valid(
+                received_packet, "UDPerror", ignore_zero_checksum=True
+            )
         if received_packet.haslayer(ICMPerror):
-            self.assert_checksum_valid(received_packet, 'ICMPerror')
+            self.assert_checksum_valid(received_packet, "ICMPerror")
 
     def assert_icmp_checksum_valid(self, received_packet):
-        self.assert_checksum_valid(received_packet, 'ICMP')
+        self.assert_checksum_valid(received_packet, "ICMP")
         self.assert_embedded_icmp_checksum_valid(received_packet)
 
     def assert_icmpv6_checksum_valid(self, pkt):
         if pkt.haslayer(ICMPv6DestUnreach):
-            self.assert_checksum_valid(pkt, 'ICMPv6DestUnreach', 'cksum')
+            self.assert_checksum_valid(pkt, "ICMPv6DestUnreach", "cksum")
             self.assert_embedded_icmp_checksum_valid(pkt)
         if pkt.haslayer(ICMPv6EchoRequest):
-            self.assert_checksum_valid(pkt, 'ICMPv6EchoRequest', 'cksum')
+            self.assert_checksum_valid(pkt, "ICMPv6EchoRequest", "cksum")
         if pkt.haslayer(ICMPv6EchoReply):
-            self.assert_checksum_valid(pkt, 'ICMPv6EchoReply', 'cksum')
+            self.assert_checksum_valid(pkt, "ICMPv6EchoReply", "cksum")
 
     def get_counter(self, counter):
         if counter.startswith("/"):
             counter_value = self.statistics.get_counter(counter)
         else:
-            counters = self.vapi.cli("sh errors").split('\n')
+            counters = self.vapi.cli("sh errors").split("\n")
             counter_value = 0
             for i in range(1, len(counters) - 1):
                 results = counters[i].split()
@@ -1210,8 +1316,7 @@ class VppTestCase(CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
                     break
         return counter_value
 
-    def assert_counter_equal(self, counter, expected_value,
-                             thread=None, index=0):
+    def assert_counter_equal(self, counter, expected_value, thread=None, index=0):
         c = self.get_counter(counter)
         if thread is not None:
             c = c[thread][index]
@@ -1221,13 +1326,13 @@ class VppTestCase(CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
 
     def assert_packet_counter_equal(self, counter, expected_value):
         counter_value = self.get_counter(counter)
-        self.assert_equal(counter_value, expected_value,
-                          "packet counter `%s'" % counter)
+        self.assert_equal(
+            counter_value, expected_value, "packet counter `%s'" % counter
+        )
 
     def assert_error_counter_equal(self, counter, expected_value):
         counter_value = self.statistics[counter].sum()
-        self.assert_equal(counter_value, expected_value,
-                          "error counter `%s'" % counter)
+        self.assert_equal(counter_value, expected_value, "error counter `%s'" % counter)
 
     @classmethod
     def sleep(cls, timeout, remark=None):
@@ -1238,7 +1343,7 @@ class VppTestCase(CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
         # https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/6673decfa0fb078f60587f5cb5e98460eea137c2/Modules/timemodule.c#L1892  # noqa
         if timeout == 0:
             # yield quantum
-            if hasattr(os, 'sched_yield'):
+            if hasattr(os, "sched_yield"):
                 os.sched_yield()
             else:
                 time.sleep(0)
@@ -1249,13 +1354,18 @@ class VppTestCase(CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
         time.sleep(timeout)
         after = time.time()
         if after - before > 2 * timeout:
-            cls.logger.error("unexpected self.sleep() result - "
-                             "slept for %es instead of ~%es!",
-                             after - before, timeout)
+            cls.logger.error(
+                "unexpected self.sleep() result - slept for %es instead of ~%es!",
+                after - before,
+                timeout,
+            )
 
         cls.logger.debug(
             "Finished sleep (%s) - slept %es (wanted %es)",
-            remark, after - before, timeout)
+            remark,
+            after - before,
+            timeout,
+        )
 
     def virtual_sleep(self, timeout, remark=None):
         self.logger.debug("Moving VPP time by %s (%s)", timeout, remark)
@@ -1285,7 +1395,8 @@ class VppTestCase(CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
                         stats_snapshot[cntr].sum() + diff,
                         f"'{cntr}' counter value (previous value: "
                         f"{stats_snapshot[cntr].sum()}, "
-                        f"expected diff: {diff})")
+                        f"expected diff: {diff})",
+                    )
                 else:
                     try:
                         self.assert_equal(
@@ -1293,7 +1404,8 @@ class VppTestCase(CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
                             stats_snapshot[cntr][:, sw_if_index].sum() + diff,
                             f"'{cntr}' counter value (previous value: "
                             f"{stats_snapshot[cntr][:, sw_if_index].sum()}, "
-                            f"expected diff: {diff})")
+                            f"expected diff: {diff})",
+                        )
                     except IndexError:
                         # if diff is 0, then this most probably a case where
                         # test declares multiple interfaces but traffic hasn't
@@ -1302,8 +1414,9 @@ class VppTestCase(CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
                         if 0 != diff:
                             raise
 
-    def send_and_assert_no_replies(self, intf, pkts, remark="", timeout=None,
-                                   stats_diff=None, trace=True, msg=None):
+    def send_and_assert_no_replies(
+        self, intf, pkts, remark="", timeout=None, stats_diff=None, trace=True, msg=None
+    ):
         if stats_diff:
             stats_snapshot = self.snapshot_stats(stats_diff)
 
@@ -1324,8 +1437,17 @@ class VppTestCase(CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
         if stats_diff:
             self.compare_stats_with_snapshot(stats_diff, stats_snapshot)
 
-    def send_and_expect(self, intf, pkts, output, n_rx=None, worker=None,
-                        trace=True, msg=None, stats_diff=None):
+    def send_and_expect(
+        self,
+        intf,
+        pkts,
+        output,
+        n_rx=None,
+        worker=None,
+        trace=True,
+        msg=None,
+        stats_diff=None,
+    ):
         if stats_diff:
             stats_snapshot = self.snapshot_stats(stats_diff)
 
@@ -1343,8 +1465,9 @@ class VppTestCase(CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
 
         return rx
 
-    def send_and_expect_load_balancing(self, input, pkts, outputs,
-                                       worker=None, trace=True):
+    def send_and_expect_load_balancing(
+        self, input, pkts, outputs, worker=None, trace=True
+    ):
         self.pg_send(input, pkts, worker=worker, trace=trace)
         rxs = []
         for oo in outputs:
@@ -1355,9 +1478,7 @@ class VppTestCase(CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
             self.logger.debug(self.vapi.cli("show trace"))
         return rxs
 
-    def send_and_expect_some(self, intf, pkts, output,
-                             worker=None,
-                             trace=True):
+    def send_and_expect_some(self, intf, pkts, output, worker=None, trace=True):
         self.pg_send(intf, pkts, worker=worker, trace=trace)
         rx = output._get_capture(1)
         if trace:
@@ -1366,8 +1487,7 @@ class VppTestCase(CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(len(rx) < len(pkts))
         return rx
 
-    def send_and_expect_only(self, intf, pkts, output, timeout=None,
-                             stats_diff=None):
+    def send_and_expect_only(self, intf, pkts, output, timeout=None, stats_diff=None):
         if stats_diff:
             stats_snapshot = self.snapshot_stats(stats_diff)
 
@@ -1427,8 +1547,7 @@ class VppTestResult(unittest.TestResult):
     core_crash_test_cases_info = set()
     current_test_case_info = None
 
-    def __init__(self, stream=None, descriptions=None, verbosity=None,
-                 runner=None):
+    def __init__(self, stream=None, descriptions=None, verbosity=None, runner=None):
         """
         :param stream File descriptor to store where to report test results.
             Set to the standard error stream by default.
@@ -1453,9 +1572,9 @@ class VppTestResult(unittest.TestResult):
         """
         if self.current_test_case_info:
             self.current_test_case_info.logger.debug(
-                "--- addSuccess() %s.%s(%s) called" % (test.__class__.__name__,
-                                                       test._testMethodName,
-                                                       test._testMethodDoc))
+                "--- addSuccess() %s.%s(%s) called"
+                % (test.__class__.__name__, test._testMethodName, test._testMethodDoc)
+            )
         unittest.TestResult.addSuccess(self, test)
         self.result_string = colorize("OK", GREEN)
 
@@ -1471,9 +1590,14 @@ class VppTestResult(unittest.TestResult):
         """
         if self.current_test_case_info:
             self.current_test_case_info.logger.debug(
-                "--- addSkip() %s.%s(%s) called, reason is %s" %
-                (test.__class__.__name__, test._testMethodName,
-                 test._testMethodDoc, reason))
+                "--- addSkip() %s.%s(%s) called, reason is %s"
+                % (
+                    test.__class__.__name__,
+                    test._testMethodName,
+                    test._testMethodDoc,
+                    reason,
+                )
+            )
         unittest.TestResult.addSkip(self, test, reason)
         self.result_string = colorize("SKIP", YELLOW)
 
@@ -1488,17 +1612,18 @@ class VppTestResult(unittest.TestResult):
                 failed_dir = config.failed_dir
                 link_path = os.path.join(
                     failed_dir,
-                    '%s-FAILED' %
-                    os.path.basename(self.current_test_case_info.tempdir))
+                    "%s-FAILED" % os.path.basename(self.current_test_case_info.tempdir),
+                )
 
                 self.current_test_case_info.logger.debug(
-                    "creating a link to the failed test")
+                    "creating a link to the failed test"
+                )
                 self.current_test_case_info.logger.debug(
-                    "os.symlink(%s, %s)" %
-                    (self.current_test_case_info.tempdir, link_path))
+                    "os.symlink(%s, %s)"
+                    % (self.current_test_case_info.tempdir, link_path)
+                )
                 if os.path.exists(link_path):
-                    self.current_test_case_info.logger.debug(
-                        'symlink already exists')
+                    self.current_test_case_info.logger.debug("symlink already exists")
                 else:
                     os.symlink(self.current_test_case_info.tempdir, link_path)
 
@@ -1506,7 +1631,7 @@ class VppTestResult(unittest.TestResult):
                 self.current_test_case_info.logger.error(e)
 
     def send_result_through_pipe(self, test, result):
-        if hasattr(self, 'test_framework_result_pipe'):
+        if hasattr(self, "test_framework_result_pipe"):
             pipe = self.test_framework_result_pipe
             if pipe:
                 pipe.send((test.id(), result))
@@ -1516,32 +1641,37 @@ class VppTestResult(unittest.TestResult):
             if isinstance(test, unittest.suite._ErrorHolder):
                 test_name = test.description
             else:
-                test_name = '%s.%s(%s)' % (test.__class__.__name__,
-                                           test._testMethodName,
-                                           test._testMethodDoc)
+                test_name = "%s.%s(%s)" % (
+                    test.__class__.__name__,
+                    test._testMethodName,
+                    test._testMethodDoc,
+                )
             self.current_test_case_info.logger.debug(
-                "--- %s() %s called, err is %s" %
-                (fn_name, test_name, err))
+                "--- %s() %s called, err is %s" % (fn_name, test_name, err)
+            )
             self.current_test_case_info.logger.debug(
-                "formatted exception is:\n%s" %
-                "".join(format_exception(*err)))
+                "formatted exception is:\n%s" % "".join(format_exception(*err))
+            )
 
     def add_error(self, test, err, unittest_fn, error_type):
         if error_type == FAIL:
-            self.log_error(test, err, 'addFailure')
+            self.log_error(test, err, "addFailure")
             error_type_str = colorize("FAIL", RED)
         elif error_type == ERROR:
-            self.log_error(test, err, 'addError')
+            self.log_error(test, err, "addError")
             error_type_str = colorize("ERROR", RED)
         else:
-            raise Exception('Error type %s cannot be used to record an '
-                            'error or a failure' % error_type)
+            raise Exception(
+                "Error type %s cannot be used to record an "
+                "error or a failure" % error_type
+            )
 
         unittest_fn(self, test, err)
         if self.current_test_case_info:
-            self.result_string = "%s [ temp dir used by test case: %s ]" % \
-                                 (error_type_str,
-                                  self.current_test_case_info.tempdir)
+            self.result_string = "%s [ temp dir used by test case: %s ]" % (
+                error_type_str,
+                self.current_test_case_info.tempdir,
+            )
             self.symlink_failed()
             self.failed_test_cases_info.add(self.current_test_case_info)
             if is_core_present(self.current_test_case_info.tempdir):
@@ -1550,12 +1680,12 @@ class VppTestResult(unittest.TestResult):
                         test_name = str(test)
                     else:
                         test_name = "'{!s}' ({!s})".format(
-                            get_testcase_doc_name(test), test.id())
+                            get_testcase_doc_name(test), test.id()
+                        )
                     self.current_test_case_info.core_crash_test = test_name
-                self.core_crash_test_cases_info.add(
-                    self.current_test_case_info)
+                self.core_crash_test_cases_info.add(self.current_test_case_info)
         else:
-            self.result_string = '%s [no temp dir]' % error_type_str
+            self.result_string = "%s [no temp dir]" % error_type_str
 
         self.send_result_through_pipe(test, error_type)
 
@@ -1613,15 +1743,13 @@ class VppTestResult(unittest.TestResult):
             # This block may overwrite the colorized title above,
             # but we want this to stand out and be fixed
             if test.has_tag(TestCaseTag.FIXME_VPP_WORKERS):
-                test_title = colorize(
-                    f"FIXME with VPP workers: {test_title}", RED)
+                test_title = colorize(f"FIXME with VPP workers: {test_title}", RED)
 
             if test.has_tag(TestCaseTag.FIXME_ASAN):
-                test_title = colorize(
-                    f"FIXME with ASAN: {test_title}", RED)
+                test_title = colorize(f"FIXME with ASAN: {test_title}", RED)
                 test.skip_fixme_asan()
 
-            if hasattr(test, 'vpp_worker_count'):
+            if hasattr(test, "vpp_worker_count"):
                 if test.vpp_worker_count == 0:
                     test_title += " [main thread only]"
                 elif test.vpp_worker_count == 1:
@@ -1633,7 +1761,9 @@ class VppTestResult(unittest.TestResult):
                 test_title = colorize(
                     f"{test_title} [skipped - not enough cpus, "
                     f"required={test.__class__.get_cpus_required()}, "
-                    f"available={max_vpp_cpus}]", YELLOW)
+                    f"available={max_vpp_cpus}]",
+                    YELLOW,
+                )
 
             print(double_line_delim)
             print(test_title)
@@ -1644,8 +1774,7 @@ class VppTestResult(unittest.TestResult):
         self.start_test = time.time()
         unittest.TestResult.startTest(self, test)
         if self.verbosity > 0:
-            self.stream.writeln(
-                "Starting " + self.getDescription(test) + " ...")
+            self.stream.writeln("Starting " + self.getDescription(test) + " ...")
             self.stream.writeln(single_line_delim)
 
     def stopTest(self, test):
@@ -1659,14 +1788,19 @@ class VppTestResult(unittest.TestResult):
 
         if self.verbosity > 0:
             self.stream.writeln(single_line_delim)
-            self.stream.writeln("%-73s%s" % (self.getDescription(test),
-                                             self.result_string))
+            self.stream.writeln(
+                "%-73s%s" % (self.getDescription(test), self.result_string)
+            )
             self.stream.writeln(single_line_delim)
         else:
-            self.stream.writeln("%-68s %4.2f %s" %
-                                (self.getDescription(test),
-                                 time.time() - self.start_test,
-                                 self.result_string))
+            self.stream.writeln(
+                "%-68s %4.2f %s"
+                % (
+                    self.getDescription(test),
+                    time.time() - self.start_test,
+                    self.result_string,
+                )
+            )
 
         self.send_result_through_pipe(test, TEST_RUN)
 
@@ -1676,12 +1810,12 @@ class VppTestResult(unittest.TestResult):
         """
         if len(self.errors) > 0 or len(self.failures) > 0:
             self.stream.writeln()
-            self.printErrorList('ERROR', self.errors)
-            self.printErrorList('FAIL', self.failures)
+            self.printErrorList("ERROR", self.errors)
+            self.printErrorList("FAIL", self.failures)
 
         # ^^ that is the last output from unittest before summary
         if not self.runner.print_summary:
-            devnull = unittest.runner._WritelnDecorator(open(os.devnull, 'w'))
+            devnull = unittest.runner._WritelnDecorator(open(os.devnull, "w"))
             self.stream = devnull
             self.runner.stream = devnull
 
@@ -1696,8 +1830,7 @@ class VppTestResult(unittest.TestResult):
         """
         for test, err in errors:
             self.stream.writeln(double_line_delim)
-            self.stream.writeln("%s: %s" %
-                                (flavour, self.getDescription(test)))
+            self.stream.writeln("%s: %s" % (flavour, self.getDescription(test)))
             self.stream.writeln(single_line_delim)
             self.stream.writeln("%s" % err)
 
@@ -1712,14 +1845,23 @@ class VppTestRunner(unittest.TextTestRunner):
         """Class maintaining the results of the tests"""
         return VppTestResult
 
-    def __init__(self, keep_alive_pipe=None, descriptions=True, verbosity=1,
-                 result_pipe=None, failfast=False, buffer=False,
-                 resultclass=None, print_summary=True, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        keep_alive_pipe=None,
+        descriptions=True,
+        verbosity=1,
+        result_pipe=None,
+        failfast=False,
+        buffer=False,
+        resultclass=None,
+        print_summary=True,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
         # ignore stream setting here, use hard-coded stdout to be in sync
         # with prints from VppTestCase methods ...
-        super(VppTestRunner, self).__init__(sys.stdout, descriptions,
-                                            verbosity, failfast, buffer,
-                                            resultclass, **kwargs)
+        super(VppTestRunner, self).__init__(
+            sys.stdout, descriptions, verbosity, failfast, buffer, resultclass, **kwargs
+        )
         KeepAliveReporter.pipe = keep_alive_pipe
 
         self.orig_stream = self.stream
@@ -1728,10 +1870,7 @@ class VppTestRunner(unittest.TextTestRunner):
         self.print_summary = print_summary
 
     def _makeResult(self):
-        return self.resultclass(self.stream,
-                                self.descriptions,
-                                self.verbosity,
-                                self)
+        return self.resultclass(self.stream, self.descriptions, self.verbosity, self)
 
     def run(self, test):
         """
@@ -1754,91 +1893,120 @@ class Worker(Thread):
         super(Worker, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
         self.logger = logger
         self.args = executable_args
-        if hasattr(self, 'testcase') and self.testcase.debug_all:
+        if hasattr(self, "testcase") and self.testcase.debug_all:
             if self.testcase.debug_gdbserver:
-                self.args = ['/usr/bin/gdbserver', 'localhost:{port}'
-                             .format(port=self.testcase.gdbserver_port)] + args
-            elif self.testcase.debug_gdb and hasattr(self, 'wait_for_gdb'):
+                self.args = [
+                    "/usr/bin/gdbserver",
+                    "localhost:{port}".format(port=self.testcase.gdbserver_port),
+                ] + args
+            elif self.testcase.debug_gdb and hasattr(self, "wait_for_gdb"):
                 self.args.append(self.wait_for_gdb)
         self.app_bin = executable_args[0]
         self.app_name = os.path.basename(self.app_bin)
-        if hasattr(self, 'role'):
-            self.app_name += ' {role}'.format(role=self.role)
+        if hasattr(self, "role"):
+            self.app_name += " {role}".format(role=self.role)
         self.process = None
         self.result = None
         env = {} if env is None else env
         self.env = copy.deepcopy(env)
 
     def wait_for_enter(self):
-        if not hasattr(self, 'testcase'):
+        if not hasattr(self, "testcase"):
             return
         if self.testcase.debug_all and self.testcase.debug_gdbserver:
             print()
             print(double_line_delim)
-            print("Spawned GDB Server for '{app}' with PID: {pid}"
-                  .format(app=self.app_name, pid=self.process.pid))
+            print(
+                "Spawned GDB Server for '{app}' with PID: {pid}".format(
+                    app=self.app_name, pid=self.process.pid
+                )
+            )
         elif self.testcase.debug_all and self.testcase.debug_gdb:
             print()
             print(double_line_delim)
-            print("Spawned '{app}' with PID: {pid}"
-                  .format(app=self.app_name, pid=self.process.pid))
+            print(
+                "Spawned '{app}' with PID: {pid}".format(
+                    app=self.app_name, pid=self.process.pid
+                )
+            )
         else:
             return
         print(single_line_delim)
         print("You can debug '{app}' using:".format(app=self.app_name))
         if self.testcase.debug_gdbserver:
-            print("sudo gdb " + self.app_bin +
-                  " -ex 'target remote localhost:{port}'"
-                  .format(port=self.testcase.gdbserver_port))
-            print("Now is the time to attach gdb by running the above "
-                  "command, set up breakpoints etc., then resume from "
-                  "within gdb by issuing the 'continue' command")
+            print(
+                "sudo gdb "
+                + self.app_bin
+                + " -ex 'target remote localhost:{port}'".format(
+                    port=self.testcase.gdbserver_port
+                )
+            )
+            print(
+                "Now is the time to attach gdb by running the above "
+                "command, set up breakpoints etc., then resume from "
+                "within gdb by issuing the 'continue' command"
+            )
             self.testcase.gdbserver_port += 1
         elif self.testcase.debug_gdb:
-            print("sudo gdb " + self.app_bin +
-                  " -ex 'attach {pid}'".format(pid=self.process.pid))
-            print("Now is the time to attach gdb by running the above "
-                  "command and set up breakpoints etc., then resume from"
-                  " within gdb by issuing the 'continue' command")
+            print(
+                "sudo gdb "
+                + self.app_bin
+                + " -ex 'attach {pid}'".format(pid=self.process.pid)
+            )
+            print(
+                "Now is the time to attach gdb by running the above "
+                "command and set up breakpoints etc., then resume from"
+                " within gdb by issuing the 'continue' command"
+            )
         print(single_line_delim)
         input("Press ENTER to continue running the testcase...")
 
     def run(self):
         executable = self.args[0]
         if not os.path.exists(executable) or not os.access(
-                executable, os.F_OK | os.X_OK):
+            executable, os.F_OK | os.X_OK
+        ):
             # Exit code that means some system file did not exist,
             # could not be opened, or had some other kind of error.
             self.result = os.EX_OSFILE
             raise EnvironmentError(
-                "executable '%s' is not found or executable." % executable)
-        self.logger.debug("Running executable '{app}': '{cmd}'"
-                          .format(app=self.app_name,
-                                  cmd=' '.join(self.args)))
+                "executable '%s' is not found or executable." % executable
+            )
+        self.logger.debug(
+            "Running executable '{app}': '{cmd}'".format(
+                app=self.app_name, cmd=" ".join(self.args)
+            )
+        )
         env = os.environ.copy()
         env.update(self.env)
         env["CK_LOG_FILE_NAME"] = "-"
         self.process = subprocess.Popen(
-            ['stdbuf', '-o0', '-e0'] + self.args, shell=False, env=env,
-            preexec_fn=os.setpgrp, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
-            stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+            ["stdbuf", "-o0", "-e0"] + self.args,
+            shell=False,
+            env=env,
+            preexec_fn=os.setpgrp,
+            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+            stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+        )
         self.wait_for_enter()
         out, err = self.process.communicate()
         self.logger.debug("Finished running `{app}'".format(app=self.app_name))
         self.logger.info("Return code is `%s'" % self.process.returncode)
         self.logger.info(single_line_delim)
-        self.logger.info("Executable `{app}' wrote to stdout:"
-                         .format(app=self.app_name))
+        self.logger.info(
+            "Executable `{app}' wrote to stdout:".format(app=self.app_name)
+        )
         self.logger.info(single_line_delim)
-        self.logger.info(out.decode('utf-8'))
+        self.logger.info(out.decode("utf-8"))
         self.logger.info(single_line_delim)
-        self.logger.info("Executable `{app}' wrote to stderr:"
-                         .format(app=self.app_name))
+        self.logger.info(
+            "Executable `{app}' wrote to stderr:".format(app=self.app_name)
+        )
         self.logger.info(single_line_delim)
-        self.logger.info(err.decode('utf-8'))
+        self.logger.info(err.decode("utf-8"))
         self.logger.info(single_line_delim)
         self.result = self.process.returncode
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     pass
diff --git a/test/hook.py b/test/hook.py
index 8033c9355cb..3429bdad1fe 100644
--- a/test/hook.py
+++ b/test/hook.py
@@ -33,19 +33,20 @@ class Hook:
             if not isinstance(val, str):
                 return val
             if len(val) == 6:
-                return '{!s} ({!s})'.format(val, ':'.join(['{:02x}'.format(
-                    scapy.compat.orb(x)) for x in val]))
+                return "{!s} ({!s})".format(
+                    val, ":".join(["{:02x}".format(scapy.compat.orb(x)) for x in val])
+                )
             try:
                 # we don't call test_type(val) because it is a packed value.
-                return '{!s} ({!s})'.format(val, str(
-                    ipaddress.ip_address(val)))
+                return "{!s} ({!s})".format(val, str(ipaddress.ip_address(val)))
             except ValueError:
                 return val
 
-        _args = ', '.join("{!s}={!r}".format(key, _friendly_format(val)) for
-                          (key, val) in api_args.items())
-        self.logger.debug("API: %s (%s)" %
-                          (api_name, _args), extra={'color': RED})
+        _args = ", ".join(
+            "{!s}={!r}".format(key, _friendly_format(val))
+            for (key, val) in api_args.items()
+        )
+        self.logger.debug("API: %s (%s)" % (api_name, _args), extra={"color": RED})
 
     def after_api(self, api_name, api_args):
         """
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ class Hook:
 
         @param cli: CLI string
         """
-        self.logger.debug("CLI: %s" % (cli), extra={'color': RED})
+        self.logger.debug("CLI: %s" % (cli), extra={"color": RED})
 
     def after_cli(self, cli):
         """
@@ -73,14 +74,15 @@ class Hook:
 
 
 class PollHook(Hook):
-    """ Hook which checks if the vpp subprocess is alive """
+    """Hook which checks if the vpp subprocess is alive"""
 
     def __init__(self, test):
         super(PollHook, self).__init__(test)
 
     def on_crash(self, core_path):
-        self.logger.error("Core file present, debug with: gdb %s %s",
-                          config.vpp, core_path)
+        self.logger.error(
+            "Core file present, debug with: gdb %s %s", config.vpp, core_path
+        )
         check_core_path(self.logger, core_path)
         self.logger.error("Running `file %s':", core_path)
         try:
@@ -90,17 +92,24 @@ class PollHook(Hook):
             self.logger.error(
                 "Subprocess returned with error running `file' utility on "
                 "core-file, "
-                "rc=%s",  e.returncode)
+                "rc=%s",
+                e.returncode,
+            )
         except OSError as e:
             self.logger.error(
                 "Subprocess returned OS error running `file' utility on "
                 "core-file, "
-                "oserror=(%s) %s", e.errno, e.strerror)
+                "oserror=(%s) %s",
+                e.errno,
+                e.strerror,
+            )
         except Exception as e:
             self.logger.error(
                 "Subprocess returned unanticipated error running `file' "
                 "utility on core-file, "
-                "%s", e)
+                "%s",
+                e,
+            )
 
     def poll_vpp(self):
         """
@@ -144,7 +153,7 @@ class PollHook(Hook):
 
 
 class StepHook(PollHook):
-    """ Hook which requires user to press ENTER before doing any API/CLI """
+    """Hook which requires user to press ENTER before doing any API/CLI"""
 
     def __init__(self, test):
         self.skip_stack = None
@@ -183,19 +192,18 @@ class StepHook(PollHook):
             self.skip_count += 1
             return True
         else:
-            print("%d API/CLI calls skipped in specified stack "
-                  "frame" % self.skip_count)
+            print("%d API/CLI calls skipped in specified stack frame" % self.skip_count)
             self.skip_count = 0
             self.skip_stack = None
             self.skip_num = None
             return False
 
     def user_input(self):
-        print('number\tfunction\tfile\tcode')
+        print("number\tfunction\tfile\tcode")
         counter = 0
         stack = traceback.extract_stack()
         for e in stack:
-            print('%02d.\t%s\t%s:%d\t[%s]' % (counter, e[2], e[0], e[1], e[3]))
+            print("%02d.\t%s\t%s:%d\t[%s]" % (counter, e[2], e[0], e[1], e[3]))
             counter += 1
         print(single_line_delim)
         print("You may enter a number of stack frame chosen from above")
@@ -203,9 +211,11 @@ class StepHook(PollHook):
         print("Alternatively, enter a test function name to stop at")
         print(single_line_delim)
         while True:
-            print("Enter your choice, if any, and press ENTER to continue "
-                  "running the testcase...")
-            choice = sys.stdin.readline().rstrip('\r\n')
+            print(
+                "Enter your choice, if any, and press ENTER to continue "
+                "running the testcase..."
+            )
+            choice = sys.stdin.readline().rstrip("\r\n")
             if choice == "":
                 choice = None
             try:
@@ -229,7 +239,7 @@ class StepHook(PollHook):
                 self.skip_num = num
 
     def before_cli(self, cli):
-        """ Wait for ENTER before executing CLI """
+        """Wait for ENTER before executing CLI"""
         if self.skip():
             print("Skip pause before executing CLI: %s" % cli)
         else:
@@ -240,14 +250,12 @@ class StepHook(PollHook):
         super(StepHook, self).before_cli(cli)
 
     def before_api(self, api_name, api_args):
-        """ Wait for ENTER before executing API """
+        """Wait for ENTER before executing API"""
         if self.skip():
-            print("Skip pause before executing API: %s (%s)"
-                  % (api_name, api_args))
+            print("Skip pause before executing API: %s (%s)" % (api_name, api_args))
         else:
             print(double_line_delim)
-            print("Test paused before executing API: %s (%s)"
-                  % (api_name, api_args))
+            print("Test paused before executing API: %s (%s)" % (api_name, api_args))
             print(single_line_delim)
             self.user_input()
         super(StepHook, self).before_api(api_name, api_args)
diff --git a/test/ipfix.py b/test/ipfix.py
index bac6dfd4c2a..bf833b36bbf 100644
--- a/test/ipfix.py
+++ b/test/ipfix.py
@@ -1,106 +1,114 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 # IPFIX support for Scapy (RFC7011)
 
-from scapy.all import bind_layers, FieldLenField, IntField, Packet, \
-    PacketListField, ShortEnumField, ShortField, StrLenField
+from scapy.all import (
+    bind_layers,
+    FieldLenField,
+    IntField,
+    Packet,
+    PacketListField,
+    ShortEnumField,
+    ShortField,
+    StrLenField,
+)
 from scapy.layers.inet import UDP
 
 
 # IPFIX Information Elements http://www.iana.org/assignments/ipfix/ipfix.xhtml
 information_elements = {
-    1:   "octetDeltaCount",
-    2:   "packetDeltaCount",
-    3:   "deltaFlowCount",
-    4:   "protocolIdentifier",
-    5:   "ipClassOfService",
-    6:   "tcpControlBits",
-    7:   "sourceTransportPort",
-    8:   "sourceIPv4Address",
-    9:   "sourceIPv4PrefixLength",
-    10:  "ingressInterface",
-    11:  "destinationTransportPort",
-    12:  "destinationIPv4Address",
-    13:  "destinationIPv4PrefixLength",
-    14:  "egressInterface",
-    15:  "ipNextHopIPv4Address",
-    16:  "bgpSourceAsNumber",
-    17:  "bgpDestinationAsNumber",
-    18:  "bgpNextHopIPv4Address",
-    19:  "postMCastPacketDeltaCount",
-    20:  "postMCastOctetDeltaCount",
-    21:  "flowEndSysUpTime",
-    22:  "flowStartSysUpTime",
-    23:  "postOctetDeltaCount",
-    24:  "postPacketDeltaCount",
-    25:  "minimumIpTotalLength",
-    26:  "maximumIpTotalLength",
-    27:  "sourceIPv6Address",
-    28:  "destinationIPv6Address",
-    29:  "sourceIPv6PrefixLength",
-    30:  "destinationIPv6PrefixLength",
-    31:  "flowLabelIPv6",
-    32:  "icmpTypeCodeIPv4",
-    33:  "igmpType",
-    34:  "samplingInterval",
-    35:  "samplingAlgorithm",
-    36:  "flowActiveTimeout",
-    37:  "flowIdleTimeout",
-    38:  "engineType",
-    39:  "engineId",
-    40:  "exportedOctetTotalCount",
-    41:  "exportedMessageTotalCount",
-    42:  "exportedFlowRecordTotalCount",
-    43:  "ipv4RouterSc",
-    44:  "sourceIPv4Prefix",
-    45:  "destinationIPv4Prefix",
-    46:  "mplsTopLabelType",
-    47:  "mplsTopLabelIPv4Address",
-    48:  "samplerId",
-    49:  "samplerMode",
-    50:  "samplerRandomInterval",
-    51:  "classId",
-    52:  "minimumTTL",
-    53:  "maximumTTL",
-    54:  "fragmentIdentification",
-    55:  "postIpClassOfService",
-    56:  "sourceMacAddress",
-    57:  "postDestinationMacAddress",
-    58:  "vlanId",
-    59:  "postVlanId",
-    60:  "ipVersion",
-    61:  "flowDirection",
-    62:  "ipNextHopIPv6Address",
-    63:  "bgpNextHopIPv6Address",
-    64:  "ipv6ExtensionHeaders",
-    70:  "mplsTopLabelStackSection",
-    71:  "mplsLabelStackSection2",
-    72:  "mplsLabelStackSection3",
-    73:  "mplsLabelStackSection4",
-    74:  "mplsLabelStackSection5",
-    75:  "mplsLabelStackSection6",
-    76:  "mplsLabelStackSection7",
-    77:  "mplsLabelStackSection8",
-    78:  "mplsLabelStackSection9",
-    79:  "mplsLabelStackSection10",
-    80:  "destinationMacAddress",
-    81:  "postSourceMacAddress",
-    82:  "interfaceName",
-    83:  "interfaceDescription",
-    84:  "samplerName",
-    85:  "octetTotalCount",
-    86:  "packetTotalCount",
-    87:  "flagsAndSamplerId",
-    88:  "fragmentOffset",
-    89:  "forwardingStatus",
-    90:  "mplsVpnRouteDistinguisher",
-    91:  "mplsTopLabelPrefixLength",
-    92:  "srcTrafficIndex",
-    93:  "dstTrafficIndex",
-    94:  "applicationDescription",
-    95:  "applicationId",
-    96:  "applicationName",
-    98:  "postIpDiffServCodePoint",
-    99:  "multicastReplicationFactor",
+    1: "octetDeltaCount",
+    2: "packetDeltaCount",
+    3: "deltaFlowCount",
+    4: "protocolIdentifier",
+    5: "ipClassOfService",
+    6: "tcpControlBits",
+    7: "sourceTransportPort",
+    8: "sourceIPv4Address",
+    9: "sourceIPv4PrefixLength",
+    10: "ingressInterface",
+    11: "destinationTransportPort",
+    12: "destinationIPv4Address",
+    13: "destinationIPv4PrefixLength",
+    14: "egressInterface",
+    15: "ipNextHopIPv4Address",
+    16: "bgpSourceAsNumber",
+    17: "bgpDestinationAsNumber",
+    18: "bgpNextHopIPv4Address",
+    19: "postMCastPacketDeltaCount",
+    20: "postMCastOctetDeltaCount",
+    21: "flowEndSysUpTime",
+    22: "flowStartSysUpTime",
+    23: "postOctetDeltaCount",
+    24: "postPacketDeltaCount",
+    25: "minimumIpTotalLength",
+    26: "maximumIpTotalLength",
+    27: "sourceIPv6Address",
+    28: "destinationIPv6Address",
+    29: "sourceIPv6PrefixLength",
+    30: "destinationIPv6PrefixLength",
+    31: "flowLabelIPv6",
+    32: "icmpTypeCodeIPv4",
+    33: "igmpType",
+    34: "samplingInterval",
+    35: "samplingAlgorithm",
+    36: "flowActiveTimeout",
+    37: "flowIdleTimeout",
+    38: "engineType",
+    39: "engineId",
+    40: "exportedOctetTotalCount",
+    41: "exportedMessageTotalCount",
+    42: "exportedFlowRecordTotalCount",
+    43: "ipv4RouterSc",
+    44: "sourceIPv4Prefix",
+    45: "destinationIPv4Prefix",
+    46: "mplsTopLabelType",
+    47: "mplsTopLabelIPv4Address",
+    48: "samplerId",
+    49: "samplerMode",
+    50: "samplerRandomInterval",
+    51: "classId",
+    52: "minimumTTL",
+    53: "maximumTTL",
+    54: "fragmentIdentification",
+    55: "postIpClassOfService",
+    56: "sourceMacAddress",
+    57: "postDestinationMacAddress",
+    58: "vlanId",
+    59: "postVlanId",
+    60: "ipVersion",
+    61: "flowDirection",
+    62: "ipNextHopIPv6Address",
+    63: "bgpNextHopIPv6Address",
+    64: "ipv6ExtensionHeaders",
+    70: "mplsTopLabelStackSection",
+    71: "mplsLabelStackSection2",
+    72: "mplsLabelStackSection3",
+    73: "mplsLabelStackSection4",
+    74: "mplsLabelStackSection5",
+    75: "mplsLabelStackSection6",
+    76: "mplsLabelStackSection7",
+    77: "mplsLabelStackSection8",
+    78: "mplsLabelStackSection9",
+    79: "mplsLabelStackSection10",
+    80: "destinationMacAddress",
+    81: "postSourceMacAddress",
+    82: "interfaceName",
+    83: "interfaceDescription",
+    84: "samplerName",
+    85: "octetTotalCount",
+    86: "packetTotalCount",
+    87: "flagsAndSamplerId",
+    88: "fragmentOffset",
+    89: "forwardingStatus",
+    90: "mplsVpnRouteDistinguisher",
+    91: "mplsTopLabelPrefixLength",
+    92: "srcTrafficIndex",
+    93: "dstTrafficIndex",
+    94: "applicationDescription",
+    95: "applicationId",
+    96: "applicationName",
+    98: "postIpDiffServCodePoint",
+    99: "multicastReplicationFactor",
     100: "className",
     101: "classificationEngineId",
     102: "layer2packetSectionOffset",
@@ -443,24 +451,27 @@ information_elements = {
     471: "maxSessionEntries",
     472: "maxBIBEntries",
     473: "maxEntriesPerUser",
-    475: "maxFragmentsPendingReassembly"
+    475: "maxFragmentsPendingReassembly",
 }
 
 
 class IPFIX(Packet):
     name = "IPFIX"
-    fields_desc = [ShortField("version", 10),
-                   ShortField("length", None),
-                   IntField("exportTime", None),
-                   IntField("sequenceNumber", 1),
-                   IntField("observationDomainID", 1)]
+    fields_desc = [
+        ShortField("version", 10),
+        ShortField("length", None),
+        IntField("exportTime", None),
+        IntField("sequenceNumber", 1),
+        IntField("observationDomainID", 1),
+    ]
 
 
 class FieldSpecifier(Packet):
     name = "Field Specifier"
-    fields_desc = [ShortEnumField(
-        "informationElement", None, information_elements),
-        ShortField("fieldLength", None)]
+    fields_desc = [
+        ShortEnumField("informationElement", None, information_elements),
+        ShortField("fieldLength", None),
+    ]
 
     def extract_padding(self, s):
         return "", s
@@ -468,16 +479,20 @@ class FieldSpecifier(Packet):
 
 class Template(Packet):
     name = "Template"
-    fields_desc = [ShortField("templateID", 256),
-                   FieldLenField("fieldCount", None, count_of="fields"),
-                   PacketListField("templateFields", [], FieldSpecifier,
-                                   count_from=lambda p: p.fieldCount)]
+    fields_desc = [
+        ShortField("templateID", 256),
+        FieldLenField("fieldCount", None, count_of="fields"),
+        PacketListField(
+            "templateFields", [], FieldSpecifier, count_from=lambda p: p.fieldCount
+        ),
+    ]
 
 
 class Data(Packet):
     name = "Data"
     fields_desc = [
-        StrLenField("data", "", length_from=lambda p: p.underlayer.length - 4)]
+        StrLenField("data", "", length_from=lambda p: p.underlayer.length - 4)
+    ]
 
     def extract_padding(self, s):
         return "", s
@@ -485,8 +500,7 @@ class Data(Packet):
 
 class Set(Packet):
     name = "Set"
-    fields_desc = [ShortField("setID", 256),
-                   ShortField("length", None)]
+    fields_desc = [ShortField("setID", 256), ShortField("length", None)]
 
     def guess_payload_class(self, payload):
         if self.setID == 2:
@@ -502,7 +516,7 @@ bind_layers(UDP, IPFIX, dport=4739)
 
 
 class IPFIXDecoder:
-    """ IPFIX data set decoder """
+    """IPFIX data set decoder"""
 
     def __init__(self):
         self._templates = []
@@ -517,11 +531,9 @@ class IPFIXDecoder:
         fields = []
         rec_len = 0
         for field in template.templateFields:
-            fields.append(
-                {'name': field.informationElement, 'len': field.fieldLength})
+            fields.append({"name": field.informationElement, "len": field.fieldLength})
             rec_len += field.fieldLength
-        self._templates.append(
-            {'id': templateID, 'fields': fields, 'rec_len': rec_len})
+        self._templates.append({"id": templateID, "fields": fields, "rec_len": rec_len})
 
     def decode_data_set(self, data_set):
         """
@@ -532,15 +544,15 @@ class IPFIXDecoder:
         """
         data = []
         for template in self._templates:
-            if template['id'] == data_set.setID:
+            if template["id"] == data_set.setID:
                 offset = 0
                 d = data_set[Data].data
-                for i in range(len(d) // template['rec_len']):
+                for i in range(len(d) // template["rec_len"]):
                     record = {}
-                    for field in template['fields']:
-                        f = d[offset:offset + field['len']]
-                        offset += field['len']
-                        record.update({field['name']: f})
+                    for field in template["fields"]:
+                        f = d[offset : offset + field["len"]]
+                        offset += field["len"]
+                        record.update({field["name"]: f})
                     data.append(record)
                 break
         return data
diff --git a/test/lisp.py b/test/lisp.py
index bd5e1ab7c5f..9ebc86a35e3 100644
--- a/test/lisp.py
+++ b/test/lisp.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ from vpp_object import VppObject
 
 
 class VppLispLocatorSet(VppObject):
-    """ Represents LISP locator set in VPP """
+    """Represents LISP locator set in VPP"""
 
     def __init__(self, test, ls_name):
         self._test = test
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class VppLispLocatorSet(VppObject):
     def get_lisp_locator_sets_dump_entry(self):
         result = self.test.vapi.lisp_locator_set_dump()
         for ls in result:
-            if ls.ls_name.strip('\x00') == self._ls_name:
+            if ls.ls_name.strip("\x00") == self._ls_name:
                 return ls
         return None
 
@@ -34,15 +34,16 @@ class VppLispLocatorSet(VppObject):
         return self.get_lisp_locator_sets_dump_entry() is not None
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
-        self.test.vapi.lisp_add_del_locator_set(locator_set_name=self._ls_name,
-                                                is_add=0)
+        self.test.vapi.lisp_add_del_locator_set(
+            locator_set_name=self._ls_name, is_add=0
+        )
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return 'lisp-locator-set-%s' % self._ls_name
+        return "lisp-locator-set-%s" % self._ls_name
 
 
 class VppLispLocator(VppObject):
-    """ Represents LISP locator in VPP """
+    """Represents LISP locator in VPP"""
 
     def __init__(self, test, sw_if_index, ls_name, priority=1, weight=1):
         self._test = test
@@ -53,12 +54,12 @@ class VppLispLocator(VppObject):
 
     @property
     def test(self):
-        """ Test which created this locator """
+        """Test which created this locator"""
         return self._test
 
     @property
     def ls_name(self):
-        """ Locator set name """
+        """Locator set name"""
         return self._ls_name
 
     @property
@@ -74,15 +75,18 @@ class VppLispLocator(VppObject):
         return self._weight
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
-        self.test.vapi.lisp_add_del_locator(locator_set_name=self._ls_name,
-                                            sw_if_index=self._sw_if_index,
-                                            priority=self._priority,
-                                            weight=self._weight)
+        self.test.vapi.lisp_add_del_locator(
+            locator_set_name=self._ls_name,
+            sw_if_index=self._sw_if_index,
+            priority=self._priority,
+            weight=self._weight,
+        )
         self._test.registry.register(self, self.test.logger)
 
     def get_lisp_locator_dump_entry(self):
         locators = self.test.vapi.lisp_locator_dump(
-                is_index_set=0, ls_name=self._ls_name)
+            is_index_set=0, ls_name=self._ls_name
+        )
         for locator in locators:
             if locator.sw_if_index == self._sw_if_index:
                 return locator
@@ -94,12 +98,16 @@ class VppLispLocator(VppObject):
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
         self.test.vapi.lisp_add_del_locator(
-                locator_set_name=self._ls_name, sw_if_index=self._sw_if_index,
-                priority=self._priority, weight=self._weight, is_add=0)
+            locator_set_name=self._ls_name,
+            sw_if_index=self._sw_if_index,
+            priority=self._priority,
+            weight=self._weight,
+            is_add=0,
+        )
         self._test.registry.register(self, self.test.logger)
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return 'lisp-locator-%s-%d' % (self._ls_name, self._sw_if_index)
+        return "lisp-locator-%s-%d" % (self._ls_name, self._sw_if_index)
 
 
 class LispEIDType:
@@ -115,7 +123,8 @@ class LispKeyIdType:
 
 
 class LispEID:
-    """ Lisp endpoint identifier """
+    """Lisp endpoint identifier"""
+
     def __init__(self, eid):
         self.eid = eid
         self._type = -1
@@ -130,7 +139,7 @@ class LispEID:
                 self.mac = self.eid
                 self._type = LispEIDType.MAC
                 return
-        raise Exception('Unsupported EID format {!s}!'.format(eid))
+        raise Exception("Unsupported EID format {!s}!".format(eid))
 
     @property
     def eid_type(self):
@@ -143,7 +152,7 @@ class LispEID:
         elif self.eid_type == LispEIDType.MAC:
             return self.mac
         elif self.eid_type == LispEIDType.NSH:
-            return Exception('Unimplemented')
+            return Exception("Unimplemented")
 
     @property
     def packed(self):
@@ -152,11 +161,12 @@ class LispEID:
         elif self.eid_type == LispEIDType.MAC:
             return {"type": self._type, "address": {"mac": self.mac}}
         elif self.eid_type == LispEIDType.NSH:
-            return Exception('Unimplemented')
+            return Exception("Unimplemented")
 
 
 class LispKey:
-    """ Lisp Key """
+    """Lisp Key"""
+
     def __init__(self, key_type, key):
         self._key_type = key_type
         self._key = key
@@ -167,7 +177,7 @@ class LispKey:
 
 
 class VppLispMapping(VppObject):
-    """ Represents common features for remote and local LISP mapping in VPP """
+    """Represents common features for remote and local LISP mapping in VPP"""
 
     def __init__(self, test, eid, vni=0, priority=1, weight=1):
         self._eid = LispEID(eid)
@@ -198,21 +208,36 @@ class VppLispMapping(VppObject):
 
     def get_lisp_mapping_dump_entry(self):
         return self.test.vapi.lisp_eid_table_dump(
-            eid_set=1, vni=self._vni, eid=self._eid.packed)
+            eid_set=1, vni=self._vni, eid=self._eid.packed
+        )
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
         mapping = self.get_lisp_mapping_dump_entry()
         return mapping
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return 'lisp-mapping-[%s]-%s-%s-%s' % (
-            self.vni, self.eid.address, self.priority, self.weight)
+        return "lisp-mapping-[%s]-%s-%s-%s" % (
+            self.vni,
+            self.eid.address,
+            self.priority,
+            self.weight,
+        )
 
 
 class VppLocalMapping(VppLispMapping):
-    """ LISP Local mapping """
-    def __init__(self, test, eid, ls_name, vni=0, priority=1, weight=1,
-                 key_id=LispKeyIdType.NONE, key=''):
+    """LISP Local mapping"""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        test,
+        eid,
+        ls_name,
+        vni=0,
+        priority=1,
+        weight=1,
+        key_id=LispKeyIdType.NONE,
+        key="",
+    ):
         super(VppLocalMapping, self).__init__(test, eid, vni, priority, weight)
         self._ls_name = ls_name
         self._key = LispKey(key_id, key)
@@ -231,17 +256,23 @@ class VppLocalMapping(VppLispMapping):
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
         self.test.vapi.lisp_add_del_local_eid(
-                locator_set_name=self._ls_name, eid=self._eid.packed,
-                vni=self._vni, key=self._key.packed)
+            locator_set_name=self._ls_name,
+            eid=self._eid.packed,
+            vni=self._vni,
+            key=self._key.packed,
+        )
         self._test.registry.register(self, self.test.logger)
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
         self.test.vapi.lisp_add_del_local_eid(
-                locator_set_name=self._ls_name, eid=self._eid.packed,
-                vni=self._vni, is_add=0)
+            locator_set_name=self._ls_name,
+            eid=self._eid.packed,
+            vni=self._vni,
+            is_add=0,
+        )
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return 'lisp-eid-local-mapping-%s[%d]' % (self._eid.address, self._vni)
+        return "lisp-eid-local-mapping-%s[%d]" % (self._eid.address, self._vni)
 
 
 class LispRemoteLocator:
@@ -252,15 +283,16 @@ class LispRemoteLocator:
 
     @property
     def packed(self):
-        return {"priority": self.priority, "weight": self.weight,
-                "ip_address": self.addr}
+        return {
+            "priority": self.priority,
+            "weight": self.weight,
+            "ip_address": self.addr,
+        }
 
 
 class VppRemoteMapping(VppLispMapping):
-
     def __init__(self, test, eid, rlocs=None, vni=0, priority=1, weight=1):
-        super(VppRemoteMapping, self).__init__(test, eid, vni, priority,
-                                               weight)
+        super(VppRemoteMapping, self).__init__(test, eid, vni, priority, weight)
         self._rlocs = rlocs
 
     @property
@@ -272,27 +304,30 @@ class VppRemoteMapping(VppLispMapping):
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
         self.test.vapi.lisp_add_del_remote_mapping(
-                rlocs=self.rlocs, deid=self._eid.packed,
-                vni=self._vni, rloc_num=len(self._rlocs))
+            rlocs=self.rlocs,
+            deid=self._eid.packed,
+            vni=self._vni,
+            rloc_num=len(self._rlocs),
+        )
         self._test.registry.register(self, self.test.logger)
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
         self.test.vapi.lisp_add_del_remote_mapping(
-                deid=self._eid.packed, vni=self._vni, is_add=0, rloc_num=0)
+            deid=self._eid.packed, vni=self._vni, is_add=0, rloc_num=0
+        )
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return 'lisp-eid-remote-mapping-%s[%d]' % (self._eid.address,
-                                                   self._vni)
+        return "lisp-eid-remote-mapping-%s[%d]" % (self._eid.address, self._vni)
 
 
 class VppLispAdjacency(VppObject):
-    """ Represents LISP adjacency in VPP """
+    """Represents LISP adjacency in VPP"""
 
     def __init__(self, test, leid, reid, vni=0):
         self._leid = LispEID(leid)
         self._reid = LispEID(reid)
         if self._leid.eid_type != self._reid.eid_type:
-            raise Exception('remote and local EID are different types!')
+            raise Exception("remote and local EID are different types!")
         self._vni = vni
         self._test = test
 
@@ -314,7 +349,8 @@ class VppLispAdjacency(VppObject):
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
         self.test.vapi.lisp_add_del_adjacency(
-                leid=self._leid.packed, reid=self._reid.packed, vni=self._vni)
+            leid=self._leid.packed, reid=self._reid.packed, vni=self._vni
+        )
         self._test.registry.register(self, self.test.logger)
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -334,15 +370,16 @@ class VppLispAdjacency(VppObject):
     def query_vpp_config(self):
         res = self.test.vapi.lisp_adjacencies_get(vni=self._vni)
         for adj in res.adjacencies:
-            if self.eid_equal(self._leid, adj.leid) and \
-                    self.eid_equal(self._reid, adj.reid):
+            if self.eid_equal(self._leid, adj.leid) and self.eid_equal(
+                self._reid, adj.reid
+            ):
                 return True
         return False
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
         self.test.vapi.lisp_add_del_adjacency(
-                leid=self._leid.packed, reid=self._reid.packed,
-                vni=self._vni, is_add=0)
+            leid=self._leid.packed, reid=self._reid.packed, vni=self._vni, is_add=0
+        )
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return 'lisp-adjacency-%s-%s[%d]' % (self._leid, self._reid, self._vni)
+        return "lisp-adjacency-%s-%s[%d]" % (self._leid, self._reid, self._vni)
diff --git a/test/log.py b/test/log.py
index 9701aecc04a..f848e221044 100644
--- a/test/log.py
+++ b/test/log.py
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ import logging
 from config import config
 
 """ @var formatting delimiter consisting of '=' characters """
-double_line_delim = '=' * 78
+double_line_delim = "=" * 78
 """ @var formatting delimiter consisting of '-' characters """
-single_line_delim = '-' * 78
+single_line_delim = "-" * 78
 
 
 def colorize(msg, color):
@@ -17,13 +17,12 @@ def colorize(msg, color):
 
 
 class ColorFormatter(logging.Formatter):
-
     def init(self, fmt=None, datefmt=None):
         super(ColorFormatter, self).__init__(fmt, datefmt)
 
     def format(self, record):
         message = super(ColorFormatter, self).format(record)
-        if hasattr(record, 'color'):
+        if hasattr(record, "color"):
             message = colorize(message, record.color)
         return message
 
@@ -37,8 +36,9 @@ else:
     log_level = 40
 
 handler = logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout)
-color_formatter = ColorFormatter(fmt='%(asctime)s,%(msecs)03d %(message)s',
-                                 datefmt="%H:%M:%S")
+color_formatter = ColorFormatter(
+    fmt="%(asctime)s,%(msecs)03d %(message)s", datefmt="%H:%M:%S"
+)
 handler.setFormatter(color_formatter)
 handler.setLevel(log_level)
 
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ def get_logger(name):
 
 
 def get_parallel_logger(stream):
-    logger = logging.getLogger('parallel_logger_{!s}'.format(stream))
+    logger = logging.getLogger("parallel_logger_{!s}".format(stream))
     logger.propagate = False
     logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
     handler = logging.StreamHandler(stream)
@@ -71,15 +71,15 @@ def get_parallel_logger(stream):
 # These variables (RED, GREEN, YELLOW and LPURPLE) are used to configure
 # the color of the text to be printed in the terminal. Variable COLOR_RESET
 # is used to revert the text color to the default one.
-if hasattr(sys.stdout, 'isatty') and sys.stdout.isatty():
-    RED = '\033[91m'
-    GREEN = '\033[92m'
-    YELLOW = '\033[93m'
-    LPURPLE = '\033[94m'
-    COLOR_RESET = '\033[0m'
+if hasattr(sys.stdout, "isatty") and sys.stdout.isatty():
+    RED = "\033[91m"
+    GREEN = "\033[92m"
+    YELLOW = "\033[93m"
+    LPURPLE = "\033[94m"
+    COLOR_RESET = "\033[0m"
 else:
-    RED = ''
-    GREEN = ''
-    YELLOW = ''
-    LPURPLE = ''
-    COLOR_RESET = ''
+    RED = ""
+    GREEN = ""
+    YELLOW = ""
+    LPURPLE = ""
+    COLOR_RESET = ""
diff --git a/test/remote_test.py b/test/remote_test.py
index 19bad897cdf..707d61fa9e5 100644
--- a/test/remote_test.py
+++ b/test/remote_test.py
@@ -16,10 +16,11 @@ class SerializableClassCopy:
     """
     Empty class used as a basis for a serializable copy of another class.
     """
+
     pass
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return '' % self.__dict__
+        return "" % self.__dict__
 
 
 class RemoteClassAttr:
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ class RemoteClassAttr:
         self._remote = remote
 
     def path_to_str(self):
-        return '.'.join(self._path)
+        return ".".join(self._path)
 
     def get_remote_value(self):
         return self._remote._remote_exec(RemoteClass.GET, self.path_to_str())
@@ -44,25 +45,24 @@ class RemoteClassAttr:
         return self._remote._remote_exec(RemoteClass.STR, self.path_to_str())
 
     def __getattr__(self, attr):
-        if attr[0] == '_':
-            if not (attr.startswith('__') and attr.endswith('__')):
-                raise AttributeError('tried to get private attribute: %s ',
-                                     attr)
+        if attr[0] == "_":
+            if not (attr.startswith("__") and attr.endswith("__")):
+                raise AttributeError("tried to get private attribute: %s ", attr)
         self._path.append(attr)
         return self
 
     def __setattr__(self, attr, val):
-        if attr[0] == '_':
-            if not (attr.startswith('__') and attr.endswith('__')):
+        if attr[0] == "_":
+            if not (attr.startswith("__") and attr.endswith("__")):
                 super(RemoteClassAttr, self).__setattr__(attr, val)
                 return
         self._path.append(attr)
-        self._remote._remote_exec(RemoteClass.SETATTR, self.path_to_str(),
-                                  value=val)
+        self._remote._remote_exec(RemoteClass.SETATTR, self.path_to_str(), value=val)
 
     def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return self._remote._remote_exec(RemoteClass.CALL, self.path_to_str(),
-                                         *args, **kwargs)
+        return self._remote._remote_exec(
+            RemoteClass.CALL, self.path_to_str(), *args, **kwargs
+        )
 
 
 class RemoteClass(Process):
@@ -98,12 +98,12 @@ class RemoteClass(Process):
             object.terminate()
     """
 
-    GET = 0       # Get attribute remotely
-    CALL = 1      # Call method remotely
-    SETATTR = 2   # Set attribute remotely
-    REPR = 3      # Get representation of a remote object
-    STR = 4       # Get string representation of a remote object
-    QUIT = 5      # Quit remote execution
+    GET = 0  # Get attribute remotely
+    CALL = 1  # Call method remotely
+    SETATTR = 2  # Set attribute remotely
+    REPR = 3  # Get representation of a remote object
+    STR = 4  # Get string representation of a remote object
+    QUIT = 5  # Quit remote execution
 
     PIPE_PARENT = 0  # Parent end of the pipe
     PIPE_CHILD = 1  # Child end of the pipe
@@ -128,16 +128,16 @@ class RemoteClass(Process):
         return self.RemoteClassAttr(self, None)()
 
     def __getattr__(self, attr):
-        if attr[0] == '_' or not self.is_alive():
-            if not (attr.startswith('__') and attr.endswith('__')):
-                if hasattr(super(RemoteClass, self), '__getattr__'):
+        if attr[0] == "_" or not self.is_alive():
+            if not (attr.startswith("__") and attr.endswith("__")):
+                if hasattr(super(RemoteClass, self), "__getattr__"):
                     return super(RemoteClass, self).__getattr__(attr)
-                raise AttributeError('missing: %s', attr)
+                raise AttributeError("missing: %s", attr)
         return RemoteClassAttr(self, attr)
 
     def __setattr__(self, attr, val):
-        if attr[0] == '_' or not self.is_alive():
-            if not (attr.startswith('__') and attr.endswith('__')):
+        if attr[0] == "_" or not self.is_alive():
+            if not (attr.startswith("__") and attr.endswith("__")):
                 super(RemoteClass, self).__setattr__(attr, val)
                 return
         setattr(RemoteClassAttr(self, None), attr, val)
@@ -149,13 +149,11 @@ class RemoteClass(Process):
         # automatically resolve remote objects in the arguments
         mutable_args = list(args)
         for i, val in enumerate(mutable_args):
-            if isinstance(val, RemoteClass) or \
-                    isinstance(val, RemoteClassAttr):
+            if isinstance(val, RemoteClass) or isinstance(val, RemoteClassAttr):
                 mutable_args[i] = val.get_remote_value()
         args = tuple(mutable_args)
         for key, val in kwargs.items():
-            if isinstance(val, RemoteClass) or \
-                    isinstance(val, RemoteClassAttr):
+            if isinstance(val, RemoteClass) or isinstance(val, RemoteClassAttr):
                 kwargs[key] = val.get_remote_value()
         # send request
         args = self._make_serializable(args)
@@ -163,11 +161,11 @@ class RemoteClass(Process):
         self._pipe[RemoteClass.PIPE_PARENT].send((op, path, args, kwargs))
         timeout = self._timeout
         # adjust timeout specifically for the .sleep method
-        if path is not None and path.split('.')[-1] == 'sleep':
+        if path is not None and path.split(".")[-1] == "sleep":
             if args and isinstance(args[0], (long, int)):
                 timeout += args[0]
-            elif 'timeout' in kwargs:
-                timeout += kwargs['timeout']
+            elif "timeout" in kwargs:
+                timeout += kwargs["timeout"]
         if not self._pipe[RemoteClass.PIPE_PARENT].poll(timeout):
             return None
         try:
@@ -222,7 +220,7 @@ class RemoteClass(Process):
             return None
 
     def _serializable(self, obj):
-        """ Test if the given object is serializable """
+        """Test if the given object is serializable"""
         try:
             dumps(obj)
             return True
@@ -243,7 +241,7 @@ class RemoteClass(Process):
         Dictionaries can hold complex values, so we split keys and values into
         separate lists and serialize them individually.
         """
-        if (type(obj) is dict):
+        if type(obj) is dict:
             copy.type = type(obj)
             copy.k_list = list()
             copy.v_list = list()
@@ -255,12 +253,12 @@ class RemoteClass(Process):
         # copy at least serializable attributes and properties
         for name, member in inspect.getmembers(obj):
             # skip private members and non-writable dunder methods.
-            if name[0] == '_':
-                if name in ['__weakref__']:
+            if name[0] == "_":
+                if name in ["__weakref__"]:
                     continue
-                if name in ['__dict__']:
+                if name in ["__dict__"]:
                     continue
-                if not (name.startswith('__') and name.endswith('__')):
+                if not (name.startswith("__") and name.endswith("__")):
                     continue
             if callable(member) and not isinstance(member, property):
                 continue
@@ -281,13 +279,13 @@ class RemoteClass(Process):
             if type(obj) is tuple:
                 rv = tuple(rv)
             return rv
-        elif (isinstance(obj, IntEnum) or isinstance(obj, IntFlag)):
+        elif isinstance(obj, IntEnum) or isinstance(obj, IntFlag):
             return obj.value
         else:
             return self._make_obj_serializable(obj)
 
     def _deserialize_obj(self, obj):
-        if (hasattr(obj, 'type')):
+        if hasattr(obj, "type"):
             if obj.type is dict:
                 _obj = dict()
                 for k, v in zip(obj.k_list, obj.v_list):
@@ -307,19 +305,19 @@ class RemoteClass(Process):
             return self._deserialize_obj(obj)
 
     def start_remote(self):
-        """ Start remote execution """
+        """Start remote execution"""
         self.start()
 
     def quit_remote(self):
-        """ Quit remote execution """
+        """Quit remote execution"""
         self._remote_exec(RemoteClass.QUIT, None)
 
     def get_remote_value(self):
-        """ Get value of a remotely held object """
+        """Get value of a remotely held object"""
         return RemoteClassAttr(self, None).get_remote_value()
 
     def set_request_timeout(self, timeout):
-        """ Change request timeout """
+        """Change request timeout"""
         self._timeout = timeout
 
     def run(self):
@@ -332,17 +330,16 @@ class RemoteClass(Process):
             try:
                 rv = None
                 # get request from the parent process
-                (op, path, args,
-                 kwargs) = self._pipe[RemoteClass.PIPE_CHILD].recv()
+                (op, path, args, kwargs) = self._pipe[RemoteClass.PIPE_CHILD].recv()
                 args = self._deserialize(args)
                 kwargs = self._deserialize(kwargs)
-                path = path.split('.') if path else []
+                path = path.split(".") if path else []
                 if op == RemoteClass.GET:
                     rv = self._get_local_value(path)
                 elif op == RemoteClass.CALL:
                     rv = self._call_local_method(path, *args, **kwargs)
-                elif op == RemoteClass.SETATTR and 'value' in kwargs:
-                    self._set_local_attr(path, kwargs['value'])
+                elif op == RemoteClass.SETATTR and "value" in kwargs:
+                    self._set_local_attr(path, kwargs["value"])
                 elif op == RemoteClass.REPR:
                     rv = self._get_local_repr(path)
                 elif op == RemoteClass.STR:
@@ -362,34 +359,34 @@ class RemoteClass(Process):
 
 @unittest.skip("Remote Vpp Test Case Class")
 class RemoteVppTestCase(VppTestCase):
-    """ Re-use VppTestCase to create remote VPP segment
+    """Re-use VppTestCase to create remote VPP segment
 
-        In your test case::
+    In your test case::
 
-            @classmethod
-            def setUpClass(cls):
-                # fork new process before client connects to VPP
-                cls.remote_test = RemoteClass(RemoteVppTestCase)
+        @classmethod
+        def setUpClass(cls):
+            # fork new process before client connects to VPP
+            cls.remote_test = RemoteClass(RemoteVppTestCase)
 
-                # start remote process
-                cls.remote_test.start_remote()
+            # start remote process
+            cls.remote_test.start_remote()
 
-                # set up your test case
-                super(MyTestCase, cls).setUpClass()
+            # set up your test case
+            super(MyTestCase, cls).setUpClass()
 
-                # set up remote test
-                cls.remote_test.setUpClass(cls.tempdir)
+            # set up remote test
+            cls.remote_test.setUpClass(cls.tempdir)
 
-            @classmethod
-            def tearDownClass(cls):
-                # tear down remote test
-                cls.remote_test.tearDownClass()
+        @classmethod
+        def tearDownClass(cls):
+            # tear down remote test
+            cls.remote_test.tearDownClass()
 
-                # stop remote process
-                cls.remote_test.quit_remote()
+            # stop remote process
+            cls.remote_test.quit_remote()
 
-                # tear down your test case
-                super(MyTestCase, cls).tearDownClass()
+            # tear down your test case
+            super(MyTestCase, cls).tearDownClass()
     """
 
     def __init__(self):
@@ -408,10 +405,10 @@ class RemoteVppTestCase(VppTestCase):
     def setUpClass(cls, tempdir):
         # disable features unsupported in remote VPP
         orig_env = dict(os.environ)
-        if 'STEP' in os.environ:
-            del os.environ['STEP']
-        if 'DEBUG' in os.environ:
-            del os.environ['DEBUG']
+        if "STEP" in os.environ:
+            del os.environ["STEP"]
+        if "DEBUG" in os.environ:
+            del os.environ["DEBUG"]
         cls.tempdir_prefix = os.path.basename(tempdir) + "/"
         super(RemoteVppTestCase, cls).setUpClass()
         os.environ = orig_env
@@ -422,7 +419,7 @@ class RemoteVppTestCase(VppTestCase):
 
     @unittest.skip("Empty test")
     def emptyTest(self):
-        """ Do nothing """
+        """Do nothing"""
         pass
 
     def setTestFunctionInfo(self, name, doc):
diff --git a/test/requirements-3.txt b/test/requirements-3.txt
index 0ccdec7fa5c..2e8f17df0c5 100644
--- a/test/requirements-3.txt
+++ b/test/requirements-3.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #
-# This file is autogenerated by pip-compile with python 3.8
+# This file is autogenerated by pip-compile with python 3.7
 # To update, run:
 #
 #    make test-refresh-deps (or update requirements.txt)
@@ -12,10 +12,35 @@ attrs==21.4.0 \
     --hash=sha256:2d27e3784d7a565d36ab851fe94887c5eccd6a463168875832a1be79c82828b4 \
     --hash=sha256:626ba8234211db98e869df76230a137c4c40a12d72445c45d5f5b716f076e2fd
     # via jsonschema
-babel==2.9.1 \
-    --hash=sha256:ab49e12b91d937cd11f0b67cb259a57ab4ad2b59ac7a3b41d6c06c0ac5b0def9 \
-    --hash=sha256:bc0c176f9f6a994582230df350aa6e05ba2ebe4b3ac317eab29d9be5d2768da0
+babel==2.10.1 \
+    --hash=sha256:3f349e85ad3154559ac4930c3918247d319f21910d5ce4b25d439ed8693b98d2 \
+    --hash=sha256:98aeaca086133efb3e1e2aad0396987490c8425929ddbcfe0550184fdc54cd13
     # via sphinx
+black==22.3.0 \
+    --hash=sha256:06f9d8846f2340dfac80ceb20200ea5d1b3f181dd0556b47af4e8e0b24fa0a6b \
+    --hash=sha256:10dbe6e6d2988049b4655b2b739f98785a884d4d6b85bc35133a8fb9a2233176 \
+    --hash=sha256:2497f9c2386572e28921fa8bec7be3e51de6801f7459dffd6e62492531c47e09 \
+    --hash=sha256:30d78ba6bf080eeaf0b7b875d924b15cd46fec5fd044ddfbad38c8ea9171043a \
+    --hash=sha256:328efc0cc70ccb23429d6be184a15ce613f676bdfc85e5fe8ea2a9354b4e9015 \
+    --hash=sha256:35020b8886c022ced9282b51b5a875b6d1ab0c387b31a065b84db7c33085ca79 \
+    --hash=sha256:5795a0375eb87bfe902e80e0c8cfaedf8af4d49694d69161e5bd3206c18618bb \
+    --hash=sha256:5891ef8abc06576985de8fa88e95ab70641de6c1fca97e2a15820a9b69e51b20 \
+    --hash=sha256:637a4014c63fbf42a692d22b55d8ad6968a946b4a6ebc385c5505d9625b6a464 \
+    --hash=sha256:67c8301ec94e3bcc8906740fe071391bce40a862b7be0b86fb5382beefecd968 \
+    --hash=sha256:6d2fc92002d44746d3e7db7cf9313cf4452f43e9ea77a2c939defce3b10b5c82 \
+    --hash=sha256:6ee227b696ca60dd1c507be80a6bc849a5a6ab57ac7352aad1ffec9e8b805f21 \
+    --hash=sha256:863714200ada56cbc366dc9ae5291ceb936573155f8bf8e9de92aef51f3ad0f0 \
+    --hash=sha256:9b542ced1ec0ceeff5b37d69838106a6348e60db7b8fdd245294dc1d26136265 \
+    --hash=sha256:a6342964b43a99dbc72f72812bf88cad8f0217ae9acb47c0d4f141a6416d2d7b \
+    --hash=sha256:ad4efa5fad66b903b4a5f96d91461d90b9507a812b3c5de657d544215bb7877a \
+    --hash=sha256:bc58025940a896d7e5356952228b68f793cf5fcb342be703c3a2669a1488cb72 \
+    --hash=sha256:cc1e1de68c8e5444e8f94c3670bb48a2beef0e91dddfd4fcc29595ebd90bb9ce \
+    --hash=sha256:cee3e11161dde1b2a33a904b850b0899e0424cc331b7295f2a9698e79f9a69a0 \
+    --hash=sha256:e3556168e2e5c49629f7b0f377070240bd5511e45e25a4497bb0073d9dda776a \
+    --hash=sha256:e8477ec6bbfe0312c128e74644ac8a02ca06bcdb8982d4ee06f209be28cdf163 \
+    --hash=sha256:ee8f1f7228cce7dffc2b464f07ce769f478968bfb3dd1254a4c2eeed84928aad \
+    --hash=sha256:fd57160949179ec517d32ac2ac898b5f20d68ed1a9c977346efbac9c2f1e779d
+    # via -r requirements.txt
 certifi==2021.10.8 \
     --hash=sha256:78884e7c1d4b00ce3cea67b44566851c4343c120abd683433ce934a68ea58872 \
     --hash=sha256:d62a0163eb4c2344ac042ab2bdf75399a71a2d8c7d47eac2e2ee91b9d6339569
@@ -72,39 +97,43 @@ cffi==1.15.0 \
     --hash=sha256:fd8a250edc26254fe5b33be00402e6d287f562b6a5b2152dec302fa15bb3e997 \
     --hash=sha256:ffaa5c925128e29efbde7301d8ecaf35c8c60ffbcd6a1ffd3a552177c8e5e796
     # via cryptography
-charset-normalizer==2.0.11 \
-    --hash=sha256:2842d8f5e82a1f6aa437380934d5e1cd4fcf2003b06fed6940769c164a480a45 \
-    --hash=sha256:98398a9d69ee80548c762ba991a4728bfc3836768ed226b3945908d1a688371c
+charset-normalizer==2.0.12 \
+    --hash=sha256:2857e29ff0d34db842cd7ca3230549d1a697f96ee6d3fb071cfa6c7393832597 \
+    --hash=sha256:6881edbebdb17b39b4eaaa821b438bf6eddffb4468cf344f09f89def34a8b1df
     # via requests
-click==8.0.3 \
-    --hash=sha256:353f466495adaeb40b6b5f592f9f91cb22372351c84caeb068132442a4518ef3 \
-    --hash=sha256:410e932b050f5eed773c4cda94de75971c89cdb3155a72a0831139a79e5ecb5b
-    # via pip-tools
+click==8.1.3 \
+    --hash=sha256:7682dc8afb30297001674575ea00d1814d808d6a36af415a82bd481d37ba7b8e \
+    --hash=sha256:bb4d8133cb15a609f44e8213d9b391b0809795062913b383c62be0ee95b1db48
+    # via
+    #   black
+    #   pip-tools
 commonmark==0.9.1 \
     --hash=sha256:452f9dc859be7f06631ddcb328b6919c67984aca654e5fefb3914d54691aed60 \
     --hash=sha256:da2f38c92590f83de410ba1a3cbceafbc74fee9def35f9251ba9a971d6d66fd9
     # via recommonmark
-cryptography==36.0.1 \
-    --hash=sha256:0a817b961b46894c5ca8a66b599c745b9a3d9f822725221f0e0fe49dc043a3a3 \
-    --hash=sha256:2d87cdcb378d3cfed944dac30596da1968f88fb96d7fc34fdae30a99054b2e31 \
-    --hash=sha256:30ee1eb3ebe1644d1c3f183d115a8c04e4e603ed6ce8e394ed39eea4a98469ac \
-    --hash=sha256:391432971a66cfaf94b21c24ab465a4cc3e8bf4a939c1ca5c3e3a6e0abebdbcf \
-    --hash=sha256:39bdf8e70eee6b1c7b289ec6e5d84d49a6bfa11f8b8646b5b3dfe41219153316 \
-    --hash=sha256:4caa4b893d8fad33cf1964d3e51842cd78ba87401ab1d2e44556826df849a8ca \
-    --hash=sha256:53e5c1dc3d7a953de055d77bef2ff607ceef7a2aac0353b5d630ab67f7423638 \
-    --hash=sha256:596f3cd67e1b950bc372c33f1a28a0692080625592ea6392987dba7f09f17a94 \
-    --hash=sha256:5d59a9d55027a8b88fd9fd2826c4392bd487d74bf628bb9d39beecc62a644c12 \
-    --hash=sha256:6c0c021f35b421ebf5976abf2daacc47e235f8b6082d3396a2fe3ccd537ab173 \
-    --hash=sha256:73bc2d3f2444bcfeac67dd130ff2ea598ea5f20b40e36d19821b4df8c9c5037b \
-    --hash=sha256:74d6c7e80609c0f4c2434b97b80c7f8fdfaa072ca4baab7e239a15d6d70ed73a \
-    --hash=sha256:7be0eec337359c155df191d6ae00a5e8bbb63933883f4f5dffc439dac5348c3f \
-    --hash=sha256:94ae132f0e40fe48f310bba63f477f14a43116f05ddb69d6fa31e93f05848ae2 \
-    --hash=sha256:bb5829d027ff82aa872d76158919045a7c1e91fbf241aec32cb07956e9ebd3c9 \
-    --hash=sha256:ca238ceb7ba0bdf6ce88c1b74a87bffcee5afbfa1e41e173b1ceb095b39add46 \
-    --hash=sha256:ca28641954f767f9822c24e927ad894d45d5a1e501767599647259cbf030b903 \
-    --hash=sha256:e0344c14c9cb89e76eb6a060e67980c9e35b3f36691e15e1b7a9e58a0a6c6dc3 \
-    --hash=sha256:ebc15b1c22e55c4d5566e3ca4db8689470a0ca2babef8e3a9ee057a8b82ce4b1 \
-    --hash=sha256:ec63da4e7e4a5f924b90af42eddf20b698a70e58d86a72d943857c4c6045b3ee
+cryptography==37.0.1 \
+    --hash=sha256:06bfafa6e53ccbfb7a94be4687b211a025ce0625e3f3c60bb15cd048a18f3ed8 \
+    --hash=sha256:0db5cf21bd7d092baacb576482b0245102cea2d3cf09f09271ce9f69624ecb6f \
+    --hash=sha256:125702572be12bcd318e3a14e9e70acd4be69a43664a75f0397e8650fe3c6cc3 \
+    --hash=sha256:1858eff6246bb8bbc080eee78f3dd1528739e3f416cba5f9914e8631b8df9871 \
+    --hash=sha256:315af6268de72bcfa0bb3401350ce7d921f216e6b60de12a363dad128d9d459f \
+    --hash=sha256:451aaff8b8adf2dd0597cbb1fdcfc8a7d580f33f843b7cce75307a7f20112dd8 \
+    --hash=sha256:58021d6e9b1d88b1105269d0da5e60e778b37dfc0e824efc71343dd003726831 \
+    --hash=sha256:618391152147a1221c87b1b0b7f792cafcfd4b5a685c5c72eeea2ddd29aeceff \
+    --hash=sha256:6d4daf890e674d191757d8d7d60dc3a29c58c72c7a76a05f1c0a326013f47e8b \
+    --hash=sha256:74b55f67f4cf026cb84da7a1b04fc2a1d260193d4ad0ea5e9897c8b74c1e76ac \
+    --hash=sha256:7ceae26f876aabe193b13a0c36d1bb8e3e7e608d17351861b437bd882f617e9f \
+    --hash=sha256:930b829e8a2abaf43a19f38277ae3c5e1ffcf547b936a927d2587769ae52c296 \
+    --hash=sha256:a18ff4bfa9d64914a84d7b06c46eb86e0cc03113470b3c111255aceb6dcaf81d \
+    --hash=sha256:ae1cd29fbe6b716855454e44f4bf743465152e15d2d317303fe3b58ee9e5af7a \
+    --hash=sha256:b1ee5c82cf03b30f6ae4e32d2bcb1e167ef74d6071cbb77c2af30f101d0b360b \
+    --hash=sha256:bf585476fcbcd37bed08072e8e2db3954ce1bfc68087a2dc9c19cfe0b90979ca \
+    --hash=sha256:c4a58eeafbd7409054be41a377e726a7904a17c26f45abf18125d21b1215b08b \
+    --hash=sha256:cce90609e01e1b192fae9e13665058ab46b2ea53a3c05a3ea74a3eb8c3af8857 \
+    --hash=sha256:d610d0ee14dd9109006215c7c0de15eee91230b70a9bce2263461cf7c3720b83 \
+    --hash=sha256:e69a0e36e62279120e648e787b76d79b41e0f9e86c1c636a4f38d415595c722e \
+    --hash=sha256:f095988548ec5095e3750cdb30e6962273d239b1998ba1aac66c0d5bee7111c1 \
+    --hash=sha256:faf0f5456c059c7b1c29441bdd5e988f0ba75bdc3eea776520d8dcb1e30e1b5c
     # via
     #   -r requirements.txt
     #   noiseprotocol
@@ -119,9 +148,9 @@ docutils==0.17.1 \
     #   recommonmark
     #   sphinx
     #   sphinx-rtd-theme
-graphviz==0.19.1 \
-    --hash=sha256:09ed0cde452d015fe77c4845a210eb642f28d245f5bc250d4b97808cb8f49078 \
-    --hash=sha256:f34088c08be2ec16279dfa9c3b4ff3d1453c5c67597a33e2819b000e18d4c546
+graphviz==0.20 \
+    --hash=sha256:62c5f48bcc534a45b4588c548ff75e419c1f1f3a33d31a91796ae80a7f581e4a \
+    --hash=sha256:76bdfb73f42e72564ffe9c7299482f9d72f8e6cb8d54bce7b48ab323755e9ba5
     # via objgraph
 idna==3.3 \
     --hash=sha256:84d9dd047ffa80596e0f246e2eab0b391788b0503584e8945f2368256d2735ff \
@@ -131,17 +160,22 @@ imagesize==1.3.0 \
     --hash=sha256:1db2f82529e53c3e929e8926a1fa9235aa82d0bd0c580359c67ec31b2fddaa8c \
     --hash=sha256:cd1750d452385ca327479d45b64d9c7729ecf0b3969a58148298c77092261f9d
     # via sphinx
-importlib-metadata==4.10.1 \
-    --hash=sha256:899e2a40a8c4a1aec681feef45733de8a6c58f3f6a0dbed2eb6574b4387a77b6 \
-    --hash=sha256:951f0d8a5b7260e9db5e41d429285b5f451e928479f19d80818878527d36e95e
-    # via sphinx
-importlib-resources==5.4.0 \
-    --hash=sha256:33a95faed5fc19b4bc16b29a6eeae248a3fe69dd55d4d229d2b480e23eeaad45 \
-    --hash=sha256:d756e2f85dd4de2ba89be0b21dba2a3bbec2e871a42a3a16719258a11f87506b
+importlib-metadata==4.11.3 \
+    --hash=sha256:1208431ca90a8cca1a6b8af391bb53c1a2db74e5d1cef6ddced95d4b2062edc6 \
+    --hash=sha256:ea4c597ebf37142f827b8f39299579e31685c31d3a438b59f469406afd0f2539
+    # via
+    #   click
+    #   jsonschema
+    #   pep517
+    #   sphinx
+    #   sphinxcontrib-spelling
+importlib-resources==5.7.1 \
+    --hash=sha256:b6062987dfc51f0fcb809187cffbd60f35df7acb4589091f154214af6d0d49d3 \
+    --hash=sha256:e447dc01619b1e951286f3929be820029d48c75eb25d265c28b92a16548212b8
     # via jsonschema
-jinja2==3.0.3 \
-    --hash=sha256:077ce6014f7b40d03b47d1f1ca4b0fc8328a692bd284016f806ed0eaca390ad8 \
-    --hash=sha256:611bb273cd68f3b993fabdc4064fc858c5b47a973cb5aa7999ec1ba405c87cd7
+jinja2==3.1.2 \
+    --hash=sha256:31351a702a408a9e7595a8fc6150fc3f43bb6bf7e319770cbc0db9df9437e852 \
+    --hash=sha256:6088930bfe239f0e6710546ab9c19c9ef35e29792895fed6e6e31a023a182a61
     # via sphinx
 jsonschema==4.4.0 ; python_version >= "3.7" \
     --hash=sha256:636694eb41b3535ed608fe04129f26542b59ed99808b4f688aa32dcf55317a83 \
@@ -150,77 +184,52 @@ jsonschema==4.4.0 ; python_version >= "3.7" \
 lark-parser==0.6.7 \
     --hash=sha256:062800f3823a6c733ec1d181a2089a22d1f62dbe65f90a3f6b1e6de1934b05ef
     # via syslog-rfc5424-parser
-markupsafe==2.0.1 \
-    --hash=sha256:01a9b8ea66f1658938f65b93a85ebe8bc016e6769611be228d797c9d998dd298 \
-    --hash=sha256:023cb26ec21ece8dc3907c0e8320058b2e0cb3c55cf9564da612bc325bed5e64 \
-    --hash=sha256:0446679737af14f45767963a1a9ef7620189912317d095f2d9ffa183a4d25d2b \
-    --hash=sha256:04635854b943835a6ea959e948d19dcd311762c5c0c6e1f0e16ee57022669194 \
-    --hash=sha256:0717a7390a68be14b8c793ba258e075c6f4ca819f15edfc2a3a027c823718567 \
-    --hash=sha256:0955295dd5eec6cb6cc2fe1698f4c6d84af2e92de33fbcac4111913cd100a6ff \
-    --hash=sha256:0d4b31cc67ab36e3392bbf3862cfbadac3db12bdd8b02a2731f509ed5b829724 \
-    --hash=sha256:10f82115e21dc0dfec9ab5c0223652f7197feb168c940f3ef61563fc2d6beb74 \
-    --hash=sha256:168cd0a3642de83558a5153c8bd34f175a9a6e7f6dc6384b9655d2697312a646 \
-    --hash=sha256:1d609f577dc6e1aa17d746f8bd3c31aa4d258f4070d61b2aa5c4166c1539de35 \
-    --hash=sha256:1f2ade76b9903f39aa442b4aadd2177decb66525062db244b35d71d0ee8599b6 \
-    --hash=sha256:20dca64a3ef2d6e4d5d615a3fd418ad3bde77a47ec8a23d984a12b5b4c74491a \
-    --hash=sha256:2a7d351cbd8cfeb19ca00de495e224dea7e7d919659c2841bbb7f420ad03e2d6 \
-    --hash=sha256:2d7d807855b419fc2ed3e631034685db6079889a1f01d5d9dac950f764da3dad \
-    --hash=sha256:2ef54abee730b502252bcdf31b10dacb0a416229b72c18b19e24a4509f273d26 \
-    --hash=sha256:36bc903cbb393720fad60fc28c10de6acf10dc6cc883f3e24ee4012371399a38 \
-    --hash=sha256:37205cac2a79194e3750b0af2a5720d95f786a55ce7df90c3af697bfa100eaac \
-    --hash=sha256:3c112550557578c26af18a1ccc9e090bfe03832ae994343cfdacd287db6a6ae7 \
-    --hash=sha256:3dd007d54ee88b46be476e293f48c85048603f5f516008bee124ddd891398ed6 \
-    --hash=sha256:4296f2b1ce8c86a6aea78613c34bb1a672ea0e3de9c6ba08a960efe0b0a09047 \
-    --hash=sha256:47ab1e7b91c098ab893b828deafa1203de86d0bc6ab587b160f78fe6c4011f75 \
-    --hash=sha256:49e3ceeabbfb9d66c3aef5af3a60cc43b85c33df25ce03d0031a608b0a8b2e3f \
-    --hash=sha256:4dc8f9fb58f7364b63fd9f85013b780ef83c11857ae79f2feda41e270468dd9b \
-    --hash=sha256:4efca8f86c54b22348a5467704e3fec767b2db12fc39c6d963168ab1d3fc9135 \
-    --hash=sha256:53edb4da6925ad13c07b6d26c2a852bd81e364f95301c66e930ab2aef5b5ddd8 \
-    --hash=sha256:5855f8438a7d1d458206a2466bf82b0f104a3724bf96a1c781ab731e4201731a \
-    --hash=sha256:594c67807fb16238b30c44bdf74f36c02cdf22d1c8cda91ef8a0ed8dabf5620a \
-    --hash=sha256:5b6d930f030f8ed98e3e6c98ffa0652bdb82601e7a016ec2ab5d7ff23baa78d1 \
-    --hash=sha256:5bb28c636d87e840583ee3adeb78172efc47c8b26127267f54a9c0ec251d41a9 \
-    --hash=sha256:60bf42e36abfaf9aff1f50f52644b336d4f0a3fd6d8a60ca0d054ac9f713a864 \
-    --hash=sha256:611d1ad9a4288cf3e3c16014564df047fe08410e628f89805e475368bd304914 \
-    --hash=sha256:6300b8454aa6930a24b9618fbb54b5a68135092bc666f7b06901f897fa5c2fee \
-    --hash=sha256:63f3268ba69ace99cab4e3e3b5840b03340efed0948ab8f78d2fd87ee5442a4f \
-    --hash=sha256:6557b31b5e2c9ddf0de32a691f2312a32f77cd7681d8af66c2692efdbef84c18 \
-    --hash=sha256:693ce3f9e70a6cf7d2fb9e6c9d8b204b6b39897a2c4a1aa65728d5ac97dcc1d8 \
-    --hash=sha256:6a7fae0dd14cf60ad5ff42baa2e95727c3d81ded453457771d02b7d2b3f9c0c2 \
-    --hash=sha256:6c4ca60fa24e85fe25b912b01e62cb969d69a23a5d5867682dd3e80b5b02581d \
-    --hash=sha256:6fcf051089389abe060c9cd7caa212c707e58153afa2c649f00346ce6d260f1b \
-    --hash=sha256:7d91275b0245b1da4d4cfa07e0faedd5b0812efc15b702576d103293e252af1b \
-    --hash=sha256:89c687013cb1cd489a0f0ac24febe8c7a666e6e221b783e53ac50ebf68e45d86 \
-    --hash=sha256:8d206346619592c6200148b01a2142798c989edcb9c896f9ac9722a99d4e77e6 \
-    --hash=sha256:905fec760bd2fa1388bb5b489ee8ee5f7291d692638ea5f67982d968366bef9f \
-    --hash=sha256:97383d78eb34da7e1fa37dd273c20ad4320929af65d156e35a5e2d89566d9dfb \
-    --hash=sha256:984d76483eb32f1bcb536dc27e4ad56bba4baa70be32fa87152832cdd9db0833 \
-    --hash=sha256:99df47edb6bda1249d3e80fdabb1dab8c08ef3975f69aed437cb69d0a5de1e28 \
-    --hash=sha256:9f02365d4e99430a12647f09b6cc8bab61a6564363f313126f775eb4f6ef798e \
-    --hash=sha256:a30e67a65b53ea0a5e62fe23682cfe22712e01f453b95233b25502f7c61cb415 \
-    --hash=sha256:ab3ef638ace319fa26553db0624c4699e31a28bb2a835c5faca8f8acf6a5a902 \
-    --hash=sha256:aca6377c0cb8a8253e493c6b451565ac77e98c2951c45f913e0b52facdcff83f \
-    --hash=sha256:add36cb2dbb8b736611303cd3bfcee00afd96471b09cda130da3581cbdc56a6d \
-    --hash=sha256:b2f4bf27480f5e5e8ce285a8c8fd176c0b03e93dcc6646477d4630e83440c6a9 \
-    --hash=sha256:b7f2d075102dc8c794cbde1947378051c4e5180d52d276987b8d28a3bd58c17d \
-    --hash=sha256:baa1a4e8f868845af802979fcdbf0bb11f94f1cb7ced4c4b8a351bb60d108145 \
-    --hash=sha256:be98f628055368795d818ebf93da628541e10b75b41c559fdf36d104c5787066 \
-    --hash=sha256:bf5d821ffabf0ef3533c39c518f3357b171a1651c1ff6827325e4489b0e46c3c \
-    --hash=sha256:c47adbc92fc1bb2b3274c4b3a43ae0e4573d9fbff4f54cd484555edbf030baf1 \
-    --hash=sha256:cdfba22ea2f0029c9261a4bd07e830a8da012291fbe44dc794e488b6c9bb353a \
-    --hash=sha256:d6c7ebd4e944c85e2c3421e612a7057a2f48d478d79e61800d81468a8d842207 \
-    --hash=sha256:d7f9850398e85aba693bb640262d3611788b1f29a79f0c93c565694658f4071f \
-    --hash=sha256:d8446c54dc28c01e5a2dbac5a25f071f6653e6e40f3a8818e8b45d790fe6ef53 \
-    --hash=sha256:deb993cacb280823246a026e3b2d81c493c53de6acfd5e6bfe31ab3402bb37dd \
-    --hash=sha256:e0f138900af21926a02425cf736db95be9f4af72ba1bb21453432a07f6082134 \
-    --hash=sha256:e9936f0b261d4df76ad22f8fee3ae83b60d7c3e871292cd42f40b81b70afae85 \
-    --hash=sha256:f0567c4dc99f264f49fe27da5f735f414c4e7e7dd850cfd8e69f0862d7c74ea9 \
-    --hash=sha256:f5653a225f31e113b152e56f154ccbe59eeb1c7487b39b9d9f9cdb58e6c79dc5 \
-    --hash=sha256:f826e31d18b516f653fe296d967d700fddad5901ae07c622bb3705955e1faa94 \
-    --hash=sha256:f8ba0e8349a38d3001fae7eadded3f6606f0da5d748ee53cc1dab1d6527b9509 \
-    --hash=sha256:f9081981fe268bd86831e5c75f7de206ef275defcb82bc70740ae6dc507aee51 \
-    --hash=sha256:fa130dd50c57d53368c9d59395cb5526eda596d3ffe36666cd81a44d56e48872
+markupsafe==2.1.1 \
+    --hash=sha256:0212a68688482dc52b2d45013df70d169f542b7394fc744c02a57374a4207003 \
+    --hash=sha256:089cf3dbf0cd6c100f02945abeb18484bd1ee57a079aefd52cffd17fba910b88 \
+    --hash=sha256:10c1bfff05d95783da83491be968e8fe789263689c02724e0c691933c52994f5 \
+    --hash=sha256:33b74d289bd2f5e527beadcaa3f401e0df0a89927c1559c8566c066fa4248ab7 \
+    --hash=sha256:3799351e2336dc91ea70b034983ee71cf2f9533cdff7c14c90ea126bfd95d65a \
+    --hash=sha256:3ce11ee3f23f79dbd06fb3d63e2f6af7b12db1d46932fe7bd8afa259a5996603 \
+    --hash=sha256:421be9fbf0ffe9ffd7a378aafebbf6f4602d564d34be190fc19a193232fd12b1 \
+    --hash=sha256:43093fb83d8343aac0b1baa75516da6092f58f41200907ef92448ecab8825135 \
+    --hash=sha256:46d00d6cfecdde84d40e572d63735ef81423ad31184100411e6e3388d405e247 \
+    --hash=sha256:4a33dea2b688b3190ee12bd7cfa29d39c9ed176bda40bfa11099a3ce5d3a7ac6 \
+    --hash=sha256:4b9fe39a2ccc108a4accc2676e77da025ce383c108593d65cc909add5c3bd601 \
+    --hash=sha256:56442863ed2b06d19c37f94d999035e15ee982988920e12a5b4ba29b62ad1f77 \
+    --hash=sha256:671cd1187ed5e62818414afe79ed29da836dde67166a9fac6d435873c44fdd02 \
+    --hash=sha256:694deca8d702d5db21ec83983ce0bb4b26a578e71fbdbd4fdcd387daa90e4d5e \
+    --hash=sha256:6a074d34ee7a5ce3effbc526b7083ec9731bb3cbf921bbe1d3005d4d2bdb3a63 \
+    --hash=sha256:6d0072fea50feec76a4c418096652f2c3238eaa014b2f94aeb1d56a66b41403f \
+    --hash=sha256:6fbf47b5d3728c6aea2abb0589b5d30459e369baa772e0f37a0320185e87c980 \
+    --hash=sha256:7f91197cc9e48f989d12e4e6fbc46495c446636dfc81b9ccf50bb0ec74b91d4b \
+    --hash=sha256:86b1f75c4e7c2ac2ccdaec2b9022845dbb81880ca318bb7a0a01fbf7813e3812 \
+    --hash=sha256:8dc1c72a69aa7e082593c4a203dcf94ddb74bb5c8a731e4e1eb68d031e8498ff \
+    --hash=sha256:8e3dcf21f367459434c18e71b2a9532d96547aef8a871872a5bd69a715c15f96 \
+    --hash=sha256:8e576a51ad59e4bfaac456023a78f6b5e6e7651dcd383bcc3e18d06f9b55d6d1 \
+    --hash=sha256:96e37a3dc86e80bf81758c152fe66dbf60ed5eca3d26305edf01892257049925 \
+    --hash=sha256:97a68e6ada378df82bc9f16b800ab77cbf4b2fada0081794318520138c088e4a \
+    --hash=sha256:99a2a507ed3ac881b975a2976d59f38c19386d128e7a9a18b7df6fff1fd4c1d6 \
+    --hash=sha256:a49907dd8420c5685cfa064a1335b6754b74541bbb3706c259c02ed65b644b3e \
+    --hash=sha256:b09bf97215625a311f669476f44b8b318b075847b49316d3e28c08e41a7a573f \
+    --hash=sha256:b7bd98b796e2b6553da7225aeb61f447f80a1ca64f41d83612e6139ca5213aa4 \
+    --hash=sha256:b87db4360013327109564f0e591bd2a3b318547bcef31b468a92ee504d07ae4f \
+    --hash=sha256:bcb3ed405ed3222f9904899563d6fc492ff75cce56cba05e32eff40e6acbeaa3 \
+    --hash=sha256:d4306c36ca495956b6d568d276ac11fdd9c30a36f1b6eb928070dc5360b22e1c \
+    --hash=sha256:d5ee4f386140395a2c818d149221149c54849dfcfcb9f1debfe07a8b8bd63f9a \
+    --hash=sha256:dda30ba7e87fbbb7eab1ec9f58678558fd9a6b8b853530e176eabd064da81417 \
+    --hash=sha256:e04e26803c9c3851c931eac40c695602c6295b8d432cbe78609649ad9bd2da8a \
+    --hash=sha256:e1c0b87e09fa55a220f058d1d49d3fb8df88fbfab58558f1198e08c1e1de842a \
+    --hash=sha256:e72591e9ecd94d7feb70c1cbd7be7b3ebea3f548870aa91e2732960fa4d57a37 \
+    --hash=sha256:e8c843bbcda3a2f1e3c2ab25913c80a3c5376cd00c6e8c4a86a89a28c8dc5452 \
+    --hash=sha256:efc1913fd2ca4f334418481c7e595c00aad186563bbc1ec76067848c7ca0a933 \
+    --hash=sha256:f121a1420d4e173a5d96e47e9a0c0dcff965afdf1626d28de1460815f7c4ee7a \
+    --hash=sha256:fc7b548b17d238737688817ab67deebb30e8073c95749d55538ed473130ec0c7
     # via jinja2
+mypy-extensions==0.4.3 \
+    --hash=sha256:090fedd75945a69ae91ce1303b5824f428daf5a028d2f6ab8a299250a846f15d \
+    --hash=sha256:2d82818f5bb3e369420cb3c4060a7970edba416647068eb4c5343488a6c604a8
+    # via black
 noiseprotocol==0.3.1 \
     --hash=sha256:2e1a603a38439636cf0ffd8b3e8b12cee27d368a28b41be7dbe568b2abb23111 \
     --hash=sha256:b092a871b60f6a8f07f17950dc9f7098c8fe7d715b049bd4c24ee3752b90d645
@@ -239,6 +248,10 @@ parameterized==0.8.1 \
     --hash=sha256:41bbff37d6186430f77f900d777e5bb6a24928a1c46fb1de692f8b52b8833b5c \
     --hash=sha256:9cbb0b69a03e8695d68b3399a8a5825200976536fe1cb79db60ed6a4c8c9efe9
     # via -r requirements.txt
+pathspec==0.9.0 \
+    --hash=sha256:7d15c4ddb0b5c802d161efc417ec1a2558ea2653c2e8ad9c19098201dc1c993a \
+    --hash=sha256:e564499435a2673d586f6b2130bb5b95f04a3ba06f81b8f895b651a3c76aabb1
+    # via black
 pep517==0.12.0 \
     --hash=sha256:931378d93d11b298cf511dd634cf5ea4cb249a28ef84160b3247ee9afb4e8ab0 \
     --hash=sha256:dd884c326898e2c6e11f9e0b64940606a93eb10ea022a2e067959f3a110cf161
@@ -247,10 +260,14 @@ pexpect==4.8.0 \
     --hash=sha256:0b48a55dcb3c05f3329815901ea4fc1537514d6ba867a152b581d69ae3710937 \
     --hash=sha256:fc65a43959d153d0114afe13997d439c22823a27cefceb5ff35c2178c6784c0c
     # via -r requirements.txt
-pip-tools==6.5.0 \
-    --hash=sha256:9cf69a020e3c208a7a1bcc78cbfd436dab323efc187919df6182eca98efbe3f2 \
-    --hash=sha256:d14ea4fc2c118db2a6af65a4345a8b9b355e792aedad6bf64dd3eb97c5fc5fee
+pip-tools==6.6.0 \
+    --hash=sha256:66318bc2e884b61fafa1cb2cf01b35fdd779ab9ce82cc1bce277adb8cf3ab845 \
+    --hash=sha256:98aa24004440a1c0489d71a567a4e8afdf23c7782bff483d1219881e7302de83
     # via -r requirements.txt
+platformdirs==2.5.2 \
+    --hash=sha256:027d8e83a2d7de06bbac4e5ef7e023c02b863d7ea5d079477e722bb41ab25788 \
+    --hash=sha256:58c8abb07dcb441e6ee4b11d8df0ac856038f944ab98b7be6b27b2a3c7feef19
+    # via black
 psutil==5.9.0 \
     --hash=sha256:072664401ae6e7c1bfb878c65d7282d4b4391f1bc9a56d5e03b5a490403271b5 \
     --hash=sha256:1070a9b287846a21a5d572d6dddd369517510b68710fca56b0e9e02fd24bed9a \
@@ -289,10 +306,6 @@ ptyprocess==0.7.0 \
     --hash=sha256:4b41f3967fce3af57cc7e94b888626c18bf37a083e3651ca8feeb66d492fef35 \
     --hash=sha256:5c5d0a3b48ceee0b48485e0c26037c0acd7d29765ca3fbb5cb3831d347423220
     # via pexpect
-pycodestyle==2.8.0 \
-    --hash=sha256:720f8b39dde8b293825e7ff02c475f3077124006db4f440dcbc9a20b76548a20 \
-    --hash=sha256:eddd5847ef438ea1c7870ca7eb78a9d47ce0cdb4851a5523949f2601d0cbbe7f
-    # via -r requirements.txt
 pycparser==2.21 \
     --hash=sha256:8ee45429555515e1f6b185e78100aea234072576aa43ab53aefcae078162fca9 \
     --hash=sha256:e644fdec12f7872f86c58ff790da456218b10f863970249516d60a5eaca77206
@@ -303,17 +316,17 @@ pyenchant==3.2.2 \
     --hash=sha256:5facc821ece957208a81423af7d6ec7810dad29697cb0d77aae81e4e11c8e5a6 \
     --hash=sha256:6153f521852e23a5add923dbacfbf4bebbb8d70c4e4bad609a8e0f9faeb915d1
     # via sphinxcontrib-spelling
-pygments==2.11.2 \
-    --hash=sha256:44238f1b60a76d78fc8ca0528ee429702aae011c265fe6a8dd8b63049ae41c65 \
-    --hash=sha256:4e426f72023d88d03b2fa258de560726ce890ff3b630f88c21cbb8b2503b8c6a
+pygments==2.12.0 \
+    --hash=sha256:5eb116118f9612ff1ee89ac96437bb6b49e8f04d8a13b514ba26f620208e26eb \
+    --hash=sha256:dc9c10fb40944260f6ed4c688ece0cd2048414940f1cea51b8b226318411c519
     # via sphinx
 pympler==1.0.1 \
     --hash=sha256:993f1a3599ca3f4fcd7160c7545ad06310c9e12f70174ae7ae8d4e25f6c5d3fa \
     --hash=sha256:d260dda9ae781e1eab6ea15bacb84015849833ba5555f141d2d9b7b7473b307d
     # via -r requirements.txt
-pyparsing==3.0.7 \
-    --hash=sha256:18ee9022775d270c55187733956460083db60b37d0d0fb357445f3094eed3eea \
-    --hash=sha256:a6c06a88f252e6c322f65faf8f418b16213b51bdfaece0524c1c1bc30c63c484
+pyparsing==3.0.8 \
+    --hash=sha256:7bf433498c016c4314268d95df76c81b842a4cb2b276fa3312cfb1e1d85f6954 \
+    --hash=sha256:ef7b523f6356f763771559412c0d7134753f037822dad1b16945b7b846f7ad06
     # via packaging
 pyrsistent==0.18.1 \
     --hash=sha256:0e3e1fcc45199df76053026a51cc59ab2ea3fc7c094c6627e93b7b44cdae2c8c \
@@ -338,9 +351,9 @@ pyrsistent==0.18.1 \
     --hash=sha256:f87cc2863ef33c709e237d4b5f4502a62a00fab450c9e020892e8e2ede5847f5 \
     --hash=sha256:fd8da6d0124efa2f67d86fa70c851022f87c98e205f0594e1fae044e7119a5a6
     # via jsonschema
-pytz==2021.3 \
-    --hash=sha256:3672058bc3453457b622aab7a1c3bfd5ab0bdae451512f6cf25f64ed37f5b87c \
-    --hash=sha256:acad2d8b20a1af07d4e4c9d2e9285c5ed9104354062f275f3fcd88dcef4f1326
+pytz==2022.1 \
+    --hash=sha256:1e760e2fe6a8163bc0b3d9a19c4f84342afa0a2affebfaa84b01b978a02ecaa7 \
+    --hash=sha256:e68985985296d9a66a881eb3193b0906246245294a881e7c8afe623866ac6a5c
     # via babel
 pyyaml==6.0 \
     --hash=sha256:0283c35a6a9fbf047493e3a0ce8d79ef5030852c51e9d911a27badfde0605293 \
@@ -396,9 +409,9 @@ snowballstemmer==2.2.0 \
     --hash=sha256:09b16deb8547d3412ad7b590689584cd0fe25ec8db3be37788be3810cbf19cb1 \
     --hash=sha256:c8e1716e83cc398ae16824e5572ae04e0d9fc2c6b985fb0f900f5f0c96ecba1a
     # via sphinx
-sphinx==4.4.0 \
-    --hash=sha256:5da895959511473857b6d0200f56865ed62c31e8f82dd338063b84ec022701fe \
-    --hash=sha256:6caad9786055cb1fa22b4a365c1775816b876f91966481765d7d50e9f0dd35cc
+sphinx==4.5.0 \
+    --hash=sha256:7bf8ca9637a4ee15af412d1a1d9689fec70523a68ca9bb9127c2f3eeb344e2e6 \
+    --hash=sha256:ebf612653238bcc8f4359627a9b7ce44ede6fdd75d9d30f68255c7383d3a6226
     # via
     #   -r requirements.txt
     #   recommonmark
@@ -432,32 +445,68 @@ sphinxcontrib-serializinghtml==1.1.5 \
     --hash=sha256:352a9a00ae864471d3a7ead8d7d79f5fc0b57e8b3f95e9867eb9eb28999b92fd \
     --hash=sha256:aa5f6de5dfdf809ef505c4895e51ef5c9eac17d0f287933eb49ec495280b6952
     # via sphinx
-sphinxcontrib-spelling==7.3.2 \
-    --hash=sha256:1b99cdb1a30271c7080ec5b968dfc243c2540a960afdc4c052cd59dfe8d94c54 \
-    --hash=sha256:9d66dc4990749c5ac52e7eaf17e82f4dc6b4aff6515d26bbf48821829d41bd02
+sphinxcontrib-spelling==7.3.3 \
+    --hash=sha256:3819d12629d95e0c909224fa40b462a67e0adb321d50283d7fc0d11686c8ac7e \
+    --hash=sha256:8809d5dc175f43f00628134a41ef9fec56db9f794f4eab701f9a5a87f8c69bb0
     # via -r requirements.txt
 syslog-rfc5424-parser==0.3.2 \
     --hash=sha256:6134ee1958da89ab7f8d32ed5370a49ddabcc99d75a950b6ec59708417f20a7a \
     --hash=sha256:80a9239d4da404a271266000f4c5f00a183af3d03d53d19d7052c8272430bee9
     # via -r requirements.txt
-tomli==2.0.0 \
-    --hash=sha256:b5bde28da1fed24b9bd1d4d2b8cba62300bfb4ec9a6187a957e8ddb9434c5224 \
-    --hash=sha256:c292c34f58502a1eb2bbb9f5bbc9a5ebc37bee10ffb8c2d6bbdfa8eb13cc14e1
-    # via pep517
-urllib3==1.26.8 \
-    --hash=sha256:000ca7f471a233c2251c6c7023ee85305721bfdf18621ebff4fd17a8653427ed \
-    --hash=sha256:0e7c33d9a63e7ddfcb86780aac87befc2fbddf46c58dbb487e0855f7ceec283c
+tomli==2.0.1 \
+    --hash=sha256:939de3e7a6161af0c887ef91b7d41a53e7c5a1ca976325f429cb46ea9bc30ecc \
+    --hash=sha256:de526c12914f0c550d15924c62d72abc48d6fe7364aa87328337a31007fe8a4f
+    # via
+    #   black
+    #   pep517
+typed-ast==1.5.3 \
+    --hash=sha256:20d5118e494478ef2d3a2702d964dae830aedd7b4d3b626d003eea526be18718 \
+    --hash=sha256:27e46cdd01d6c3a0dd8f728b6a938a6751f7bd324817501c15fb056307f918c6 \
+    --hash=sha256:27f25232e2dd0edfe1f019d6bfaaf11e86e657d9bdb7b0956db95f560cceb2b3 \
+    --hash=sha256:3042bfc9ca118712c9809201f55355479cfcdc17449f9f8db5e744e9625c6805 \
+    --hash=sha256:37e5349d1d5de2f4763d534ccb26809d1c24b180a477659a12c4bde9dd677d74 \
+    --hash=sha256:4fff9fdcce59dc61ec1b317bdb319f8f4e6b69ebbe61193ae0a60c5f9333dc49 \
+    --hash=sha256:542cd732351ba8235f20faa0fc7398946fe1a57f2cdb289e5497e1e7f48cfedb \
+    --hash=sha256:5dc2c11ae59003d4a26dda637222d9ae924387f96acae9492df663843aefad55 \
+    --hash=sha256:8831479695eadc8b5ffed06fdfb3e424adc37962a75925668deeb503f446c0a3 \
+    --hash=sha256:8cdf91b0c466a6c43f36c1964772918a2c04cfa83df8001ff32a89e357f8eb06 \
+    --hash=sha256:8e0b8528838ffd426fea8d18bde4c73bcb4167218998cc8b9ee0a0f2bfe678a6 \
+    --hash=sha256:8ef1d96ad05a291f5c36895d86d1375c0ee70595b90f6bb5f5fdbee749b146db \
+    --hash=sha256:9ad3b48cf2b487be140072fb86feff36801487d4abb7382bb1929aaac80638ea \
+    --hash=sha256:9cc9e1457e1feb06b075c8ef8aeb046a28ec351b1958b42c7c31c989c841403a \
+    --hash=sha256:9e237e74fd321a55c90eee9bc5d44be976979ad38a29bbd734148295c1ce7617 \
+    --hash=sha256:c9f1a27592fac87daa4e3f16538713d705599b0a27dfe25518b80b6b017f0a6d \
+    --hash=sha256:d64dabc6336ddc10373922a146fa2256043b3b43e61f28961caec2a5207c56d5 \
+    --hash=sha256:e20d196815eeffb3d76b75223e8ffed124e65ee62097e4e73afb5fec6b993e7a \
+    --hash=sha256:e34f9b9e61333ecb0f7d79c21c28aa5cd63bec15cb7e1310d7d3da6ce886bc9b \
+    --hash=sha256:ed44e81517364cb5ba367e4f68fca01fba42a7a4690d40c07886586ac267d9b9 \
+    --hash=sha256:ee852185964744987609b40aee1d2eb81502ae63ee8eef614558f96a56c1902d \
+    --hash=sha256:f60d9de0d087454c91b3999a296d0c4558c1666771e3460621875021bf899af9 \
+    --hash=sha256:f818c5b81966d4728fec14caa338e30a70dfc3da577984d38f97816c4b3071ec \
+    --hash=sha256:fd5df1313915dbd70eaaa88c19030b441742e8b05e6103c631c83b75e0435ccc
+    # via black
+typing-extensions==4.2.0 \
+    --hash=sha256:6657594ee297170d19f67d55c05852a874e7eb634f4f753dbd667855e07c1708 \
+    --hash=sha256:f1c24655a0da0d1b67f07e17a5e6b2a105894e6824b92096378bb3668ef02376
+    # via
+    #   black
+    #   importlib-metadata
+    #   jsonschema
+urllib3==1.26.9 \
+    --hash=sha256:44ece4d53fb1706f667c9bd1c648f5469a2ec925fcf3a776667042d645472c14 \
+    --hash=sha256:aabaf16477806a5e1dd19aa41f8c2b7950dd3c746362d7e3223dbe6de6ac448e
     # via requests
 wheel==0.37.1 \
     --hash=sha256:4bdcd7d840138086126cd09254dc6195fb4fc6f01c050a1d7236f2630db1d22a \
     --hash=sha256:e9a504e793efbca1b8e0e9cb979a249cf4a0a7b5b8c9e8b65a5e39d49529c1c4
     # via pip-tools
-zipp==3.7.0 \
-    --hash=sha256:9f50f446828eb9d45b267433fd3e9da8d801f614129124863f9c51ebceafb87d \
-    --hash=sha256:b47250dd24f92b7dd6a0a8fc5244da14608f3ca90a5efcd37a3b1642fac9a375
+zipp==3.8.0 \
+    --hash=sha256:56bf8aadb83c24db6c4b577e13de374ccfb67da2078beba1d037c17980bf43ad \
+    --hash=sha256:c4f6e5bbf48e74f7a38e7cc5b0480ff42b0ae5178957d564d18932525d5cf099
     # via
     #   importlib-metadata
     #   importlib-resources
+    #   pep517
 
 # WARNING: The following packages were not pinned, but pip requires them to be
 # pinned when the requirements file includes hashes. Consider using the --allow-unsafe flag.
diff --git a/test/requirements.txt b/test/requirements.txt
index 7df379367a4..a1779671e31 100644
--- a/test/requirements.txt
+++ b/test/requirements.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-pip-tools==6.5.0                        # BSD   Keep this in sync with Makefile's PIP_TOOLS_VERSION
+pip-tools==6.6.0                        # BSD   Keep this in sync with Makefile's PIP_TOOLS_VERSION
 cryptography!=2.0                       # BSD/Apache-2.0
 deprecation>=2.0.6                      # Apache-2.0
 faulthandler; python_version < '3.3' #  # BSD License (2 clause)
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ ipaddress; python_version < '3.3'       # PSF
 parameterized>=0.6.1                    # BSD
 pexpect                                 # ISC
 psutil                                  # BSD
-pycodestyle                             # MIT (Expat license)       https://pypi.org/project/pycodestyle/
 scapy==2.4.3; python_version >= '2.7' or python_version >= '3.4'    # GPL2  https://github.com/secdev/scapy/blob/master/LICENSE
 six                                     # MIT
 syslog_rfc5424_parser>=0.3.1            # ISC
@@ -20,3 +19,4 @@ recommonmark                            # MIT
 pyyaml                                  # MIT
 jsonschema; python_version >= '3.7'     # MIT
 dataclasses; python_version == '3.6'    # Apache-2.0
+black                                   # MIT https://github.com/psf/black
diff --git a/test/run_tests.py b/test/run_tests.py
index 8cb631ed660..5df37efba6b 100644
--- a/test/run_tests.py
+++ b/test/run_tests.py
@@ -16,12 +16,28 @@ from multiprocessing.queues import Queue
 from multiprocessing.managers import BaseManager
 import framework
 from config import config, num_cpus, available_cpus, max_vpp_cpus
-from framework import VppTestRunner, VppTestCase, \
-    get_testcase_doc_name, get_test_description, PASS, FAIL, ERROR, SKIP, \
-    TEST_RUN, SKIP_CPU_SHORTAGE
+from framework import (
+    VppTestRunner,
+    VppTestCase,
+    get_testcase_doc_name,
+    get_test_description,
+    PASS,
+    FAIL,
+    ERROR,
+    SKIP,
+    TEST_RUN,
+    SKIP_CPU_SHORTAGE,
+)
 from debug import spawn_gdb, start_vpp_in_gdb
-from log import get_parallel_logger, double_line_delim, RED, YELLOW, GREEN, \
-    colorize, single_line_delim
+from log import (
+    get_parallel_logger,
+    double_line_delim,
+    RED,
+    YELLOW,
+    GREEN,
+    colorize,
+    single_line_delim,
+)
 from discover_tests import discover_tests
 import sanity_run_vpp
 from subprocess import check_output, CalledProcessError
@@ -50,7 +66,7 @@ class StreamQueueManager(BaseManager):
     pass
 
 
-StreamQueueManager.register('StreamQueue', StreamQueue)
+StreamQueueManager.register("StreamQueue", StreamQueue)
 
 
 class TestResult(dict):
@@ -68,9 +84,11 @@ class TestResult(dict):
         self.testcases_by_id = testcases_by_id
 
     def was_successful(self):
-        return 0 == len(self[FAIL]) == len(self[ERROR]) \
-            and len(self[PASS] + self[SKIP] + self[SKIP_CPU_SHORTAGE]) \
+        return (
+            0 == len(self[FAIL]) == len(self[ERROR])
+            and len(self[PASS] + self[SKIP] + self[SKIP_CPU_SHORTAGE])
             == self.testcase_suite.countTestCases()
+        )
 
     def no_tests_run(self):
         return 0 == len(self[TEST_RUN])
@@ -90,10 +108,11 @@ class TestResult(dict):
     def get_testcase_names(self, test_id):
         # could be tearDownClass (test_ipsec_esp.TestIpsecEsp1)
         setup_teardown_match = re.match(
-            r'((tearDownClass)|(setUpClass)) \((.+\..+)\)', test_id)
+            r"((tearDownClass)|(setUpClass)) \((.+\..+)\)", test_id
+        )
         if setup_teardown_match:
             test_name, _, _, testcase_name = setup_teardown_match.groups()
-            if len(testcase_name.split('.')) == 2:
+            if len(testcase_name.split(".")) == 2:
                 for key in self.testcases_by_id.keys():
                     if key.startswith(testcase_name):
                         testcase_name = key
@@ -107,8 +126,7 @@ class TestResult(dict):
 
     def _get_test_description(self, test_id):
         if test_id in self.testcases_by_id:
-            desc = get_test_description(descriptions,
-                                        self.testcases_by_id[test_id])
+            desc = get_test_description(descriptions, self.testcases_by_id[test_id])
         else:
             desc = test_id
         return desc
@@ -121,17 +139,20 @@ class TestResult(dict):
         return doc_name
 
 
-def test_runner_wrapper(suite, keep_alive_pipe, stdouterr_queue,
-                        finished_pipe, result_pipe, logger):
+def test_runner_wrapper(
+    suite, keep_alive_pipe, stdouterr_queue, finished_pipe, result_pipe, logger
+):
     sys.stdout = stdouterr_queue
     sys.stderr = stdouterr_queue
     VppTestCase.parallel_handler = logger.handlers[0]
-    result = VppTestRunner(keep_alive_pipe=keep_alive_pipe,
-                           descriptions=descriptions,
-                           verbosity=config.verbose,
-                           result_pipe=result_pipe,
-                           failfast=config.failfast,
-                           print_summary=False).run(suite)
+    result = VppTestRunner(
+        keep_alive_pipe=keep_alive_pipe,
+        descriptions=descriptions,
+        verbosity=config.verbose,
+        result_pipe=result_pipe,
+        failfast=config.failfast,
+        print_summary=False,
+    ).run(suite)
     finished_pipe.send(result.wasSuccessful())
     finished_pipe.close()
     keep_alive_pipe.close()
@@ -139,21 +160,23 @@ def test_runner_wrapper(suite, keep_alive_pipe, stdouterr_queue,
 
 class TestCaseWrapper(object):
     def __init__(self, testcase_suite, manager):
-        self.keep_alive_parent_end, self.keep_alive_child_end = Pipe(
-            duplex=False)
+        self.keep_alive_parent_end, self.keep_alive_child_end = Pipe(duplex=False)
         self.finished_parent_end, self.finished_child_end = Pipe(duplex=False)
         self.result_parent_end, self.result_child_end = Pipe(duplex=False)
         self.testcase_suite = testcase_suite
         self.stdouterr_queue = manager.StreamQueue(ctx=get_context())
         self.logger = get_parallel_logger(self.stdouterr_queue)
-        self.child = Process(target=test_runner_wrapper,
-                             args=(testcase_suite,
-                                   self.keep_alive_child_end,
-                                   self.stdouterr_queue,
-                                   self.finished_child_end,
-                                   self.result_child_end,
-                                   self.logger)
-                             )
+        self.child = Process(
+            target=test_runner_wrapper,
+            args=(
+                testcase_suite,
+                self.keep_alive_child_end,
+                self.stdouterr_queue,
+                self.finished_child_end,
+                self.result_child_end,
+                self.logger,
+            ),
+        )
         self.child.start()
         self.last_test_temp_dir = None
         self.last_test_vpp_binary = None
@@ -187,18 +210,20 @@ class TestCaseWrapper(object):
         if self.last_test_id in self.testcases_by_id:
             test = self.testcases_by_id[self.last_test_id]
             class_name = unittest.util.strclass(test.__class__)
-            test_name = "'{}' ({})".format(get_test_description(descriptions,
-                                                                test),
-                                           self.last_test_id)
+            test_name = "'{}' ({})".format(
+                get_test_description(descriptions, test), self.last_test_id
+            )
         else:
             test_name = self.last_test_id
-            class_name = re.match(r'((tearDownClass)|(setUpClass)) '
-                                  r'\((.+\..+)\)', test_name).groups()[3]
+            class_name = re.match(
+                r"((tearDownClass)|(setUpClass)) " r"\((.+\..+)\)", test_name
+            ).groups()[3]
         if class_name not in self.testclasess_with_core:
             self.testclasess_with_core[class_name] = (
                 test_name,
                 self.last_test_vpp_binary,
-                self.last_test_temp_dir)
+                self.last_test_temp_dir,
+            )
 
     def close_pipes(self):
         self.keep_alive_child_end.close()
@@ -219,8 +244,9 @@ class TestCaseWrapper(object):
         return self.testcase_suite.get_assigned_cpus()
 
 
-def stdouterr_reader_wrapper(unread_testcases, finished_unread_testcases,
-                             read_testcases):
+def stdouterr_reader_wrapper(
+    unread_testcases, finished_unread_testcases, read_testcases
+):
     read_testcase = None
     while read_testcases.is_set() or unread_testcases:
         if finished_unread_testcases:
@@ -229,7 +255,7 @@ def stdouterr_reader_wrapper(unread_testcases, finished_unread_testcases,
         elif unread_testcases:
             read_testcase = unread_testcases.pop()
         if read_testcase:
-            data = ''
+            data = ""
             while data is not None:
                 sys.stdout.write(data)
                 data = read_testcase.stdouterr_queue.get()
@@ -243,52 +269,62 @@ def handle_failed_suite(logger, last_test_temp_dir, vpp_pid, vpp_binary):
     if last_test_temp_dir:
         # Need to create link in case of a timeout or core dump without failure
         lttd = os.path.basename(last_test_temp_dir)
-        link_path = '%s%s-FAILED' % (config.failed_dir, lttd)
+        link_path = "%s%s-FAILED" % (config.failed_dir, lttd)
         if not os.path.exists(link_path):
             os.symlink(last_test_temp_dir, link_path)
-        logger.error("Symlink to failed testcase directory: %s -> %s"
-                     % (link_path, lttd))
+        logger.error(
+            "Symlink to failed testcase directory: %s -> %s" % (link_path, lttd)
+        )
 
         # Report core existence
         core_path = get_core_path(last_test_temp_dir)
         if os.path.exists(core_path):
             logger.error(
-                "Core-file exists in test temporary directory: %s!" %
-                core_path)
+                "Core-file exists in test temporary directory: %s!" % core_path
+            )
             check_core_path(logger, core_path)
             logger.debug("Running 'file %s':" % core_path)
             try:
                 info = check_output(["file", core_path])
                 logger.debug(info)
             except CalledProcessError as e:
-                logger.error("Subprocess returned with return code "
-                             "while running `file' utility on core-file "
-                             "returned: "
-                             "rc=%s", e.returncode)
+                logger.error(
+                    "Subprocess returned with return code "
+                    "while running `file' utility on core-file "
+                    "returned: "
+                    "rc=%s",
+                    e.returncode,
+                )
             except OSError as e:
-                logger.error("Subprocess returned with OS error while "
-                             "running 'file' utility "
-                             "on core-file: "
-                             "(%s) %s", e.errno, e.strerror)
+                logger.error(
+                    "Subprocess returned with OS error while "
+                    "running 'file' utility "
+                    "on core-file: "
+                    "(%s) %s",
+                    e.errno,
+                    e.strerror,
+                )
             except Exception as e:
-                logger.exception("Unexpected error running `file' utility "
-                                 "on core-file")
+                logger.exception("Unexpected error running `file' utility on core-file")
             logger.error(f"gdb {vpp_binary} {core_path}")
 
     if vpp_pid:
         # Copy api post mortem
         api_post_mortem_path = "/tmp/api_post_mortem.%d" % vpp_pid
         if os.path.isfile(api_post_mortem_path):
-            logger.error("Copying api_post_mortem.%d to %s" %
-                         (vpp_pid, last_test_temp_dir))
+            logger.error(
+                "Copying api_post_mortem.%d to %s" % (vpp_pid, last_test_temp_dir)
+            )
             shutil.copy2(api_post_mortem_path, last_test_temp_dir)
 
 
 def check_and_handle_core(vpp_binary, tempdir, core_crash_test):
     if is_core_present(tempdir):
         if debug_core:
-            print('VPP core detected in %s. Last test running was %s' %
-                  (tempdir, core_crash_test))
+            print(
+                "VPP core detected in %s. Last test running was %s"
+                % (tempdir, core_crash_test)
+            )
             print(single_line_delim)
             spawn_gdb(vpp_binary, get_core_path(tempdir))
             print(single_line_delim)
@@ -305,10 +341,9 @@ def handle_cores(failed_testcases):
                 check_and_handle_core(vpp_binary, tempdir, test)
 
 
-def process_finished_testsuite(wrapped_testcase_suite,
-                               finished_testcase_suites,
-                               failed_wrapped_testcases,
-                               results):
+def process_finished_testsuite(
+    wrapped_testcase_suite, finished_testcase_suites, failed_wrapped_testcases, results
+):
     results.append(wrapped_testcase_suite.result)
     finished_testcase_suites.add(wrapped_testcase_suite)
     stop_run = False
@@ -317,10 +352,12 @@ def process_finished_testsuite(wrapped_testcase_suite,
 
     if not wrapped_testcase_suite.was_successful():
         failed_wrapped_testcases.add(wrapped_testcase_suite)
-        handle_failed_suite(wrapped_testcase_suite.logger,
-                            wrapped_testcase_suite.last_test_temp_dir,
-                            wrapped_testcase_suite.vpp_pid,
-                            wrapped_testcase_suite.last_test_vpp_binary,)
+        handle_failed_suite(
+            wrapped_testcase_suite.logger,
+            wrapped_testcase_suite.last_test_temp_dir,
+            wrapped_testcase_suite.vpp_pid,
+            wrapped_testcase_suite.last_test_vpp_binary,
+        )
 
     return stop_run
 
@@ -355,17 +392,17 @@ def run_forked(testcase_suites):
         nonlocal wrapped_testcase_suites
         nonlocal unread_testcases
         nonlocal free_cpus
-        suite.assign_cpus(free_cpus[:suite.cpus_used])
-        free_cpus = free_cpus[suite.cpus_used:]
+        suite.assign_cpus(free_cpus[: suite.cpus_used])
+        free_cpus = free_cpus[suite.cpus_used :]
         wrapper = TestCaseWrapper(suite, manager)
         wrapped_testcase_suites.add(wrapper)
         unread_testcases.add(wrapper)
         on_suite_start(suite)
 
     def can_run_suite(suite):
-        return (tests_running < max_concurrent_tests and
-                (suite.cpus_used <= len(free_cpus) or
-                 suite.cpus_used > max_vpp_cpus))
+        return tests_running < max_concurrent_tests and (
+            suite.cpus_used <= len(free_cpus) or suite.cpus_used > max_vpp_cpus
+        )
 
     while free_cpus and testcase_suites:
         a_suite = testcase_suites[0]
@@ -385,10 +422,10 @@ def run_forked(testcase_suites):
 
     read_from_testcases = threading.Event()
     read_from_testcases.set()
-    stdouterr_thread = threading.Thread(target=stdouterr_reader_wrapper,
-                                        args=(unread_testcases,
-                                              finished_unread_testcases,
-                                              read_from_testcases))
+    stdouterr_thread = threading.Thread(
+        target=stdouterr_reader_wrapper,
+        args=(unread_testcases, finished_unread_testcases, read_from_testcases),
+    )
     stdouterr_thread.start()
 
     failed_wrapped_testcases = set()
@@ -400,59 +437,75 @@ def run_forked(testcase_suites):
             for wrapped_testcase_suite in wrapped_testcase_suites:
                 while wrapped_testcase_suite.result_parent_end.poll():
                     wrapped_testcase_suite.result.process_result(
-                        *wrapped_testcase_suite.result_parent_end.recv())
+                        *wrapped_testcase_suite.result_parent_end.recv()
+                    )
                     wrapped_testcase_suite.last_heard = time.time()
 
                 while wrapped_testcase_suite.keep_alive_parent_end.poll():
-                    wrapped_testcase_suite.last_test, \
-                        wrapped_testcase_suite.last_test_vpp_binary, \
-                        wrapped_testcase_suite.last_test_temp_dir, \
-                        wrapped_testcase_suite.vpp_pid = \
-                        wrapped_testcase_suite.keep_alive_parent_end.recv()
+                    (
+                        wrapped_testcase_suite.last_test,
+                        wrapped_testcase_suite.last_test_vpp_binary,
+                        wrapped_testcase_suite.last_test_temp_dir,
+                        wrapped_testcase_suite.vpp_pid,
+                    ) = wrapped_testcase_suite.keep_alive_parent_end.recv()
                     wrapped_testcase_suite.last_heard = time.time()
 
                 if wrapped_testcase_suite.finished_parent_end.poll():
                     wrapped_testcase_suite.finished_parent_end.recv()
                     wrapped_testcase_suite.last_heard = time.time()
-                    stop_run = process_finished_testsuite(
-                        wrapped_testcase_suite,
-                        finished_testcase_suites,
-                        failed_wrapped_testcases,
-                        results) or stop_run
+                    stop_run = (
+                        process_finished_testsuite(
+                            wrapped_testcase_suite,
+                            finished_testcase_suites,
+                            failed_wrapped_testcases,
+                            results,
+                        )
+                        or stop_run
+                    )
                     continue
 
                 fail = False
-                if wrapped_testcase_suite.last_heard + config.timeout < \
-                        time.time():
+                if wrapped_testcase_suite.last_heard + config.timeout < time.time():
                     fail = True
                     wrapped_testcase_suite.logger.critical(
                         "Child test runner process timed out "
-                        "(last test running was `%s' in `%s')!" %
-                        (wrapped_testcase_suite.last_test,
-                         wrapped_testcase_suite.last_test_temp_dir))
+                        "(last test running was `%s' in `%s')!"
+                        % (
+                            wrapped_testcase_suite.last_test,
+                            wrapped_testcase_suite.last_test_temp_dir,
+                        )
+                    )
                 elif not wrapped_testcase_suite.child.is_alive():
                     fail = True
                     wrapped_testcase_suite.logger.critical(
                         "Child test runner process unexpectedly died "
-                        "(last test running was `%s' in `%s')!" %
-                        (wrapped_testcase_suite.last_test,
-                         wrapped_testcase_suite.last_test_temp_dir))
-                elif wrapped_testcase_suite.last_test_temp_dir and \
-                        wrapped_testcase_suite.last_test_vpp_binary:
-                    if is_core_present(
-                            wrapped_testcase_suite.last_test_temp_dir):
+                        "(last test running was `%s' in `%s')!"
+                        % (
+                            wrapped_testcase_suite.last_test,
+                            wrapped_testcase_suite.last_test_temp_dir,
+                        )
+                    )
+                elif (
+                    wrapped_testcase_suite.last_test_temp_dir
+                    and wrapped_testcase_suite.last_test_vpp_binary
+                ):
+                    if is_core_present(wrapped_testcase_suite.last_test_temp_dir):
                         wrapped_testcase_suite.add_testclass_with_core()
                         if wrapped_testcase_suite.core_detected_at is None:
-                            wrapped_testcase_suite.core_detected_at = \
-                                time.time()
-                        elif wrapped_testcase_suite.core_detected_at + \
-                                core_timeout < time.time():
+                            wrapped_testcase_suite.core_detected_at = time.time()
+                        elif (
+                            wrapped_testcase_suite.core_detected_at + core_timeout
+                            < time.time()
+                        ):
                             wrapped_testcase_suite.logger.critical(
                                 "Child test runner process unresponsive and "
                                 "core-file exists in test temporary directory "
-                                "(last test running was `%s' in `%s')!" %
-                                (wrapped_testcase_suite.last_test,
-                                 wrapped_testcase_suite.last_test_temp_dir))
+                                "(last test running was `%s' in `%s')!"
+                                % (
+                                    wrapped_testcase_suite.last_test,
+                                    wrapped_testcase_suite.last_test_temp_dir,
+                                )
+                            )
                             fail = True
 
                 if fail:
@@ -461,19 +514,23 @@ def run_forked(testcase_suites):
                         # terminating the child process tends to leave orphan
                         # VPP process around
                         if wrapped_testcase_suite.vpp_pid:
-                            os.kill(wrapped_testcase_suite.vpp_pid,
-                                    signal.SIGTERM)
+                            os.kill(wrapped_testcase_suite.vpp_pid, signal.SIGTERM)
                     except OSError:
                         # already dead
                         pass
                     wrapped_testcase_suite.result.crashed = True
                     wrapped_testcase_suite.result.process_result(
-                        wrapped_testcase_suite.last_test_id, ERROR)
-                    stop_run = process_finished_testsuite(
-                        wrapped_testcase_suite,
-                        finished_testcase_suites,
-                        failed_wrapped_testcases,
-                        results) or stop_run
+                        wrapped_testcase_suite.last_test_id, ERROR
+                    )
+                    stop_run = (
+                        process_finished_testsuite(
+                            wrapped_testcase_suite,
+                            finished_testcase_suites,
+                            failed_wrapped_testcases,
+                            results,
+                        )
+                        or stop_run
+                    )
 
             for finished_testcase in finished_testcase_suites:
                 # Somewhat surprisingly, the join below may
@@ -484,9 +541,9 @@ def run_forked(testcase_suites):
                 join_end = time.time()
                 if join_end - join_start >= test_finished_join_timeout:
                     finished_testcase.logger.error(
-                        "Timeout joining finished test: %s (pid %d)" %
-                        (finished_testcase.last_test,
-                         finished_testcase.child.pid))
+                        "Timeout joining finished test: %s (pid %d)"
+                        % (finished_testcase.last_test, finished_testcase.child.pid)
+                    )
                 finished_testcase.close_pipes()
                 wrapped_testcase_suites.remove(finished_testcase)
                 finished_unread_testcases.add(finished_testcase)
@@ -548,7 +605,7 @@ class TestSuiteWrapper(unittest.TestSuite):
 class SplitToSuitesCallback:
     def __init__(self, filter_callback):
         self.suites = {}
-        self.suite_name = 'default'
+        self.suite_name = "default"
         self.filter_callback = filter_callback
         self.filtered = TestSuiteWrapper()
 
@@ -573,28 +630,27 @@ def parse_test_filter(test_filter):
     filter_class_name = None
     filter_func_name = None
     if f:
-        if '.' in f:
-            parts = f.split('.')
+        if "." in f:
+            parts = f.split(".")
             if len(parts) > 3:
-                raise Exception("Unrecognized %s option: %s" %
-                                (test_option, f))
+                raise Exception("Unrecognized %s option: %s" % (test_option, f))
             if len(parts) > 2:
-                if parts[2] not in ('*', ''):
+                if parts[2] not in ("*", ""):
                     filter_func_name = parts[2]
-            if parts[1] not in ('*', ''):
+            if parts[1] not in ("*", ""):
                 filter_class_name = parts[1]
-            if parts[0] not in ('*', ''):
-                if parts[0].startswith('test_'):
+            if parts[0] not in ("*", ""):
+                if parts[0].startswith("test_"):
                     filter_file_name = parts[0]
                 else:
-                    filter_file_name = 'test_%s' % parts[0]
+                    filter_file_name = "test_%s" % parts[0]
         else:
-            if f.startswith('test_'):
+            if f.startswith("test_"):
                 filter_file_name = f
             else:
-                filter_file_name = 'test_%s' % f
+                filter_file_name = "test_%s" % f
     if filter_file_name:
-        filter_file_name = '%s.py' % filter_file_name
+        filter_file_name = "%s.py" % filter_file_name
     return filter_file_name, filter_class_name, filter_func_name
 
 
@@ -608,7 +664,7 @@ def filter_tests(tests, filter_cb):
                 result.addTest(x)
         elif isinstance(t, unittest.TestCase):
             # this is a single test
-            parts = t.id().split('.')
+            parts = t.id().split(".")
             # t.id() for common cases like this:
             # test_classifier.TestClassifier.test_acl_ip
             # apply filtering only if it is so
@@ -645,11 +701,11 @@ class FilterByClassList:
         self.classes_with_filenames = classes_with_filenames
 
     def __call__(self, file_name, class_name, func_name):
-        return '.'.join([file_name, class_name]) in self.classes_with_filenames
+        return ".".join([file_name, class_name]) in self.classes_with_filenames
 
 
 def suite_from_failed(suite, failed):
-    failed = {x.rsplit('.', 1)[0] for x in failed}
+    failed = {x.rsplit(".", 1)[0] for x in failed}
     filter_cb = FilterByClassList(failed)
     suite = filter_tests(suite, filter_cb)
     return suite
@@ -695,9 +751,9 @@ class AllResults(dict):
         return retval
 
     def print_results(self):
-        print('')
+        print("")
         print(double_line_delim)
-        print('TEST RESULTS:')
+        print("TEST RESULTS:")
 
         def indent_results(lines):
             lines = list(filter(None, lines))
@@ -707,62 +763,86 @@ class AllResults(dict):
                 padding = " " * (maximum - l.index(":"))
                 print(f"{padding}{l}")
 
-        indent_results([
-            f'Scheduled tests: {self.all_testcases}',
-            f'Executed tests: {self[TEST_RUN]}',
-            f'Passed tests: {colorize(self[PASS], GREEN)}',
-            f'Skipped tests: {colorize(self[SKIP], YELLOW)}'
-            if self[SKIP] else None,
-            f'Not Executed tests: {colorize(self.not_executed, RED)}'
-            if self.not_executed else None,
-            f'Failures: {colorize(self[FAIL], RED)}' if self[FAIL] else None,
-            f'Errors: {colorize(self[ERROR], RED)}' if self[ERROR] else None,
-            'Tests skipped due to lack of CPUS: '
-            f'{colorize(self[SKIP_CPU_SHORTAGE], YELLOW)}'
-            if self[SKIP_CPU_SHORTAGE] else None
-        ])
+        indent_results(
+            [
+                f"Scheduled tests: {self.all_testcases}",
+                f"Executed tests: {self[TEST_RUN]}",
+                f"Passed tests: {colorize(self[PASS], GREEN)}",
+                f"Skipped tests: {colorize(self[SKIP], YELLOW)}"
+                if self[SKIP]
+                else None,
+                f"Not Executed tests: {colorize(self.not_executed, RED)}"
+                if self.not_executed
+                else None,
+                f"Failures: {colorize(self[FAIL], RED)}" if self[FAIL] else None,
+                f"Errors: {colorize(self[ERROR], RED)}" if self[ERROR] else None,
+                "Tests skipped due to lack of CPUS: "
+                f"{colorize(self[SKIP_CPU_SHORTAGE], YELLOW)}"
+                if self[SKIP_CPU_SHORTAGE]
+                else None,
+            ]
+        )
 
         if self.all_failed > 0:
-            print('FAILURES AND ERRORS IN TESTS:')
+            print("FAILURES AND ERRORS IN TESTS:")
             for result in self.results_per_suite:
                 failed_testcase_ids = result[FAIL]
                 errored_testcase_ids = result[ERROR]
                 old_testcase_name = None
                 if failed_testcase_ids:
                     for failed_test_id in failed_testcase_ids:
-                        new_testcase_name, test_name = \
-                            result.get_testcase_names(failed_test_id)
+                        new_testcase_name, test_name = result.get_testcase_names(
+                            failed_test_id
+                        )
                         if new_testcase_name != old_testcase_name:
-                            print('  Testcase name: {}'.format(
-                                colorize(new_testcase_name, RED)))
+                            print(
+                                "  Testcase name: {}".format(
+                                    colorize(new_testcase_name, RED)
+                                )
+                            )
                             old_testcase_name = new_testcase_name
-                        print('    FAILURE: {} [{}]'.format(
-                            colorize(test_name, RED), failed_test_id))
+                        print(
+                            "    FAILURE: {} [{}]".format(
+                                colorize(test_name, RED), failed_test_id
+                            )
+                        )
                 if errored_testcase_ids:
                     for errored_test_id in errored_testcase_ids:
-                        new_testcase_name, test_name = \
-                            result.get_testcase_names(errored_test_id)
+                        new_testcase_name, test_name = result.get_testcase_names(
+                            errored_test_id
+                        )
                         if new_testcase_name != old_testcase_name:
-                            print('  Testcase name: {}'.format(
-                                colorize(new_testcase_name, RED)))
+                            print(
+                                "  Testcase name: {}".format(
+                                    colorize(new_testcase_name, RED)
+                                )
+                            )
                             old_testcase_name = new_testcase_name
-                        print('      ERROR: {} [{}]'.format(
-                            colorize(test_name, RED), errored_test_id))
+                        print(
+                            "      ERROR: {} [{}]".format(
+                                colorize(test_name, RED), errored_test_id
+                            )
+                        )
         if self.testsuites_no_tests_run:
-            print('TESTCASES WHERE NO TESTS WERE SUCCESSFULLY EXECUTED:')
+            print("TESTCASES WHERE NO TESTS WERE SUCCESSFULLY EXECUTED:")
             tc_classes = set()
             for testsuite in self.testsuites_no_tests_run:
                 for testcase in testsuite:
                     tc_classes.add(get_testcase_doc_name(testcase))
             for tc_class in tc_classes:
-                print('  {}'.format(colorize(tc_class, RED)))
+                print("  {}".format(colorize(tc_class, RED)))
 
         if self[SKIP_CPU_SHORTAGE]:
             print()
-            print(colorize('     SOME TESTS WERE SKIPPED BECAUSE THERE ARE NOT'
-                           ' ENOUGH CPUS AVAILABLE', YELLOW))
+            print(
+                colorize(
+                    "     SOME TESTS WERE SKIPPED BECAUSE THERE ARE NOT"
+                    " ENOUGH CPUS AVAILABLE",
+                    YELLOW,
+                )
+            )
         print(double_line_delim)
-        print('')
+        print("")
 
     @property
     def not_executed(self):
@@ -805,7 +885,7 @@ def parse_results(results):
     return return_code, results_per_suite.rerun
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
 
     print(f"Config is: {config}")
 
@@ -831,35 +911,41 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
     print(f"OS reports {num_cpus} available cpu(s).")
 
     test_jobs = config.jobs
-    if test_jobs == 'auto':
+    if test_jobs == "auto":
         if run_interactive:
             max_concurrent_tests = 1
-            print('Interactive mode required, running tests consecutively.')
+            print("Interactive mode required, running tests consecutively.")
         else:
             max_concurrent_tests = num_cpus
-            print(f"Running at most {max_concurrent_tests} python test "
-                  "processes concurrently.")
+            print(
+                f"Running at most {max_concurrent_tests} python test "
+                "processes concurrently."
+            )
     else:
         max_concurrent_tests = test_jobs
-        print(f"Running at most {max_concurrent_tests} python test processes "
-              "concurrently as set by 'TEST_JOBS'.")
+        print(
+            f"Running at most {max_concurrent_tests} python test processes "
+            "concurrently as set by 'TEST_JOBS'."
+        )
 
     print(f"Using at most {max_vpp_cpus} cpus for VPP threads.")
 
     if run_interactive and max_concurrent_tests > 1:
         raise NotImplementedError(
-            'Running tests interactively (DEBUG is gdb[server] or ATTACH or '
-            'STEP is set) in parallel (TEST_JOBS is more than 1) is not '
-            'supported')
+            "Running tests interactively (DEBUG is gdb[server] or ATTACH or "
+            "STEP is set) in parallel (TEST_JOBS is more than 1) is not "
+            "supported"
+        )
 
     descriptions = True
 
     print("Running tests using custom test runner.")
-    filter_file, filter_class, filter_func = \
-        parse_test_filter(config.filter)
+    filter_file, filter_class, filter_func = parse_test_filter(config.filter)
 
-    print("Selected filters: file=%s, class=%s, function=%s" % (
-        filter_file, filter_class, filter_func))
+    print(
+        "Selected filters: file=%s, class=%s, function=%s"
+        % (filter_file, filter_class, filter_func)
+    )
 
     filter_cb = FilterByTestOption(filter_file, filter_class, filter_func)
 
@@ -882,17 +968,19 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
             # in stopTest() (for that to trigger, test function must run)
             for t in testcase_suite:
                 for m in dir(t):
-                    if m.startswith('test_'):
+                    if m.startswith("test_"):
                         setattr(t, m, lambda: t.skipTest("not enough cpus"))
-                setattr(t.__class__, 'setUpClass', lambda: None)
-                setattr(t.__class__, 'tearDownClass', lambda: None)
-                setattr(t, 'setUp', lambda: None)
-                setattr(t, 'tearDown', lambda: None)
+                setattr(t.__class__, "setUpClass", lambda: None)
+                setattr(t.__class__, "tearDownClass", lambda: None)
+                setattr(t, "setUp", lambda: None)
+                setattr(t, "tearDown", lambda: None)
                 t.__class__.skipped_due_to_cpu_lack = True
         suites.append(testcase_suite)
 
-    print("%s out of %s tests match specified filters" % (
-        tests_amount, tests_amount + cb.filtered.countTestCases()))
+    print(
+        "%s out of %s tests match specified filters"
+        % (tests_amount, tests_amount + cb.filtered.countTestCases())
+    )
 
     if not config.extended:
         print("Not running extended tests (some tests will be skipped)")
@@ -903,49 +991,60 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
 
     if run_interactive and suites:
         # don't fork if requiring interactive terminal
-        print('Running tests in foreground in the current process')
+        print("Running tests in foreground in the current process")
         full_suite = unittest.TestSuite()
         free_cpus = list(available_cpus)
         cpu_shortage = False
         for suite in suites:
             if suite.cpus_used <= max_vpp_cpus:
-                suite.assign_cpus(free_cpus[:suite.cpus_used])
+                suite.assign_cpus(free_cpus[: suite.cpus_used])
             else:
                 suite.assign_cpus([])
                 cpu_shortage = True
         full_suite.addTests(suites)
-        result = VppTestRunner(verbosity=config.verbose,
-                               failfast=config.failfast,
-                               print_summary=True).run(full_suite)
+        result = VppTestRunner(
+            verbosity=config.verbose, failfast=config.failfast, print_summary=True
+        ).run(full_suite)
         was_successful = result.wasSuccessful()
         if not was_successful:
             for test_case_info in result.failed_test_cases_info:
-                handle_failed_suite(test_case_info.logger,
-                                    test_case_info.tempdir,
-                                    test_case_info.vpp_pid,
-                                    config.vpp)
+                handle_failed_suite(
+                    test_case_info.logger,
+                    test_case_info.tempdir,
+                    test_case_info.vpp_pid,
+                    config.vpp,
+                )
                 if test_case_info in result.core_crash_test_cases_info:
-                    check_and_handle_core(test_case_info.vpp_bin_path,
-                                          test_case_info.tempdir,
-                                          test_case_info.core_crash_test)
+                    check_and_handle_core(
+                        test_case_info.vpp_bin_path,
+                        test_case_info.tempdir,
+                        test_case_info.core_crash_test,
+                    )
 
         if cpu_shortage:
             print()
-            print(colorize('SOME TESTS WERE SKIPPED BECAUSE THERE ARE NOT'
-                           ' ENOUGH CPUS AVAILABLE', YELLOW))
+            print(
+                colorize(
+                    "SOME TESTS WERE SKIPPED BECAUSE THERE ARE NOT"
+                    " ENOUGH CPUS AVAILABLE",
+                    YELLOW,
+                )
+            )
             print()
         sys.exit(not was_successful)
     else:
-        print('Running each VPPTestCase in a separate background process'
-              f' with at most {max_concurrent_tests} parallel python test '
-              'process(es)')
+        print(
+            "Running each VPPTestCase in a separate background process"
+            f" with at most {max_concurrent_tests} parallel python test "
+            "process(es)"
+        )
         exit_code = 0
         while suites and attempts > 0:
             results = run_forked(suites)
             exit_code, suites = parse_results(results)
             attempts -= 1
             if exit_code == 0:
-                print('Test run was successful')
+                print("Test run was successful")
             else:
-                print('%s attempt(s) left.' % attempts)
+                print("%s attempt(s) left." % attempts)
         sys.exit(exit_code)
diff --git a/test/sanity_run_vpp.py b/test/sanity_run_vpp.py
index b923c791b61..5e2b3c1f92b 100644
--- a/test/sanity_run_vpp.py
+++ b/test/sanity_run_vpp.py
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ from framework import VppDiedError, VppTestCase, KeepAliveReporter
 
 
 class SanityTestCase(VppTestCase):
-    """ Sanity test case - verify whether VPP is able to start """
+    """Sanity test case - verify whether VPP is able to start"""
+
     cpus = [0]
 
     # don't ask to debug SanityTestCase
@@ -43,11 +44,11 @@ def main():
     y.close()
 
     if rc == 0:
-        print('Sanity test case passed.')
+        print("Sanity test case passed.")
     else:
-        print('Sanity test case failed.')
+        print("Sanity test case failed.")
     return rc
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     sys.exit(main())
diff --git a/test/template_bd.py b/test/template_bd.py
index bebe76d765d..55aaa5a8f4c 100644
--- a/test/template_bd.py
+++ b/test/template_bd.py
@@ -8,51 +8,55 @@ from scapy.layers.inet import IP, UDP
 
 
 class BridgeDomain(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
-    """ Bridge domain abstraction """
+    """Bridge domain abstraction"""
 
     @property
     def frame_request(self):
-        """ Ethernet frame modeling a generic request """
-        return (Ether(src='00:00:00:00:00:01', dst='00:00:00:00:00:02') /
-                IP(src='1.2.3.4', dst='4.3.2.1') /
-                UDP(sport=10000, dport=20000) /
-                Raw('\xa5' * 100))
+        """Ethernet frame modeling a generic request"""
+        return (
+            Ether(src="00:00:00:00:00:01", dst="00:00:00:00:00:02")
+            / IP(src="1.2.3.4", dst="4.3.2.1")
+            / UDP(sport=10000, dport=20000)
+            / Raw("\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
     @property
     def frame_reply(self):
-        """ Ethernet frame modeling a generic reply """
-        return (Ether(src='00:00:00:00:00:02', dst='00:00:00:00:00:01') /
-                IP(src='4.3.2.1', dst='1.2.3.4') /
-                UDP(sport=20000, dport=10000) /
-                Raw('\xa5' * 100))
+        """Ethernet frame modeling a generic reply"""
+        return (
+            Ether(src="00:00:00:00:00:02", dst="00:00:00:00:00:01")
+            / IP(src="4.3.2.1", dst="1.2.3.4")
+            / UDP(sport=20000, dport=10000)
+            / Raw("\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
     @abc.abstractmethod
     def ip_range(self, start, end):
-        """ range of remote ip's """
+        """range of remote ip's"""
         pass
 
     @abc.abstractmethod
     def encap_mcast(self, pkt, src_ip, src_mac, vni):
-        """ Encapsulate mcast packet """
+        """Encapsulate mcast packet"""
         pass
 
     @abc.abstractmethod
     def encapsulate(self, pkt, vni):
-        """ Encapsulate packet """
+        """Encapsulate packet"""
         pass
 
     @abc.abstractmethod
     def decapsulate(self, pkt):
-        """ Decapsulate packet """
+        """Decapsulate packet"""
         pass
 
     @abc.abstractmethod
     def check_encapsulation(self, pkt, vni, local_only=False):
-        """ Verify the encapsulation """
+        """Verify the encapsulation"""
         pass
 
     def assert_eq_pkts(self, pkt1, pkt2):
-        """ Verify the Ether, IP, UDP, payload are equal in both
+        """Verify the Ether, IP, UDP, payload are equal in both
         packets
         """
         self.assertEqual(pkt1[Ether].src, pkt2[Ether].src)
@@ -64,15 +68,18 @@ class BridgeDomain(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
         self.assertEqual(pkt1[Raw], pkt2[Raw])
 
     def test_decap(self):
-        """ Decapsulation test
+        """Decapsulation test
         Send encapsulated frames from pg0
         Verify receipt of decapsulated frames on pg1
         """
 
-        encapsulated_pkt = self.encapsulate(self.frame_request,
-                                            self.single_tunnel_vni)
+        encapsulated_pkt = self.encapsulate(self.frame_request, self.single_tunnel_vni)
 
-        self.pg0.add_stream([encapsulated_pkt, ])
+        self.pg0.add_stream(
+            [
+                encapsulated_pkt,
+            ]
+        )
 
         self.pg1.enable_capture()
 
@@ -85,7 +92,7 @@ class BridgeDomain(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
         self.assert_eq_pkts(pkt, self.frame_request)
 
     def test_encap(self):
-        """ Encapsulation test
+        """Encapsulation test
         Send frames from pg1
         Verify receipt of encapsulated frames on pg0
         """
@@ -104,7 +111,7 @@ class BridgeDomain(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
         self.assert_eq_pkts(payload, self.frame_reply)
 
     def test_ucast_flood(self):
-        """ Unicast flood test
+        """Unicast flood test
         Send frames from pg3
         Verify receipt of encapsulated frames on pg0
         """
@@ -122,7 +129,7 @@ class BridgeDomain(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
             self.assert_eq_pkts(payload, self.frame_reply)
 
     def test_mcast_flood(self):
-        """ Multicast flood test
+        """Multicast flood test
         Send frames from pg2
         Verify receipt of encapsulated frames on pg0
         """
@@ -135,14 +142,15 @@ class BridgeDomain(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
         # Pick first received frame and check if it's correctly encapsulated.
         out = self.pg0.get_capture(1)
         pkt = out[0]
-        self.check_encapsulation(pkt, self.mcast_flood_bd,
-                                 local_only=False, mcast_pkt=True)
+        self.check_encapsulation(
+            pkt, self.mcast_flood_bd, local_only=False, mcast_pkt=True
+        )
 
         payload = self.decapsulate(pkt)
         self.assert_eq_pkts(payload, self.frame_reply)
 
     def test_mcast_rcv(self):
-        """ Multicast receive test
+        """Multicast receive test
         Send 20 encapsulated frames from pg0 only 10 match unicast tunnels
         Verify receipt of 10 decap frames on pg2
         """
@@ -151,7 +159,8 @@ class BridgeDomain(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
         ip_range_end = 30
         mcast_stream = [
             self.encap_mcast(self.frame_request, ip, mac, self.mcast_flood_bd)
-            for ip in self.ip_range(ip_range_start, ip_range_end)]
+            for ip in self.ip_range(ip_range_start, ip_range_end)
+        ]
         self.pg0.add_stream(mcast_stream)
         self.pg2.enable_capture()
         self.pg_start()
diff --git a/test/template_classifier.py b/test/template_classifier.py
index 7ce69d436f5..ec2a4143eec 100644
--- a/test/template_classifier.py
+++ b/test/template_classifier.py
@@ -30,13 +30,11 @@ class VarMatch:
 
 
 class TestClassifier(VppTestCase):
-
     @staticmethod
     def _resolve_mask_match(mask_match):
         mask_match = binascii.unhexlify(mask_match)
         mask_match_len = ((len(mask_match) - 1) // 16 + 1) * 16
-        mask_match = mask_match + b'\0' * \
-            (mask_match_len - len(mask_match))
+        mask_match = mask_match + b"\0" * (mask_match_len - len(mask_match))
         return mask_match, mask_match_len
 
     @classmethod
@@ -47,7 +45,7 @@ class TestClassifier(VppTestCase):
         variables and configure VPP.
         """
         super(TestClassifier, cls).setUpClass()
-        cls.acl_active_table = ''
+        cls.acl_active_table = ""
         cls.af = AF_INET
 
     def setUp(self):
@@ -113,13 +111,15 @@ class TestClassifier(VppTestCase):
             self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show ip fib"))
             self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show error"))
 
-            if self.acl_active_table.endswith('out'):
+            if self.acl_active_table.endswith("out"):
                 self.output_acl_set_interface(
-                    self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(self.acl_active_table), 0)
-            elif self.acl_active_table != '':
+                    self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(self.acl_active_table), 0
+                )
+            elif self.acl_active_table != "":
                 self.input_acl_set_interface(
-                    self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(self.acl_active_table), 0)
-            self.acl_active_table = ''
+                    self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(self.acl_active_table), 0
+                )
+            self.acl_active_table = ""
 
             for intf in self.interfaces:
                 if self.af == AF_INET:
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ class TestClassifier(VppTestCase):
         super(TestClassifier, self).tearDown()
 
     @staticmethod
-    def build_mac_match(dst_mac='', src_mac='', ether_type=''):
+    def build_mac_match(dst_mac="", src_mac="", ether_type=""):
         """Build MAC ACL match data with hexstring format.
 
         :param str dst_mac: source MAC address 
@@ -139,15 +139,16 @@ class TestClassifier(VppTestCase):
         :param str ether_type: ethernet type <0-ffff>
         """
         if dst_mac:
-            dst_mac = dst_mac.replace(':', '')
+            dst_mac = dst_mac.replace(":", "")
         if src_mac:
-            src_mac = src_mac.replace(':', '')
+            src_mac = src_mac.replace(":", "")
 
-        return ('{!s:0>12}{!s:0>12}{!s:0>4}'.format(
-            dst_mac, src_mac, ether_type)).rstrip()
+        return (
+            "{!s:0>12}{!s:0>12}{!s:0>4}".format(dst_mac, src_mac, ether_type)
+        ).rstrip()
 
     @staticmethod
-    def build_mac_mask(dst_mac='', src_mac='', ether_type=''):
+    def build_mac_mask(dst_mac="", src_mac="", ether_type=""):
         """Build MAC ACL mask data with hexstring format.
 
         :param str dst_mac: source MAC address <0-ffffffffffff>
@@ -155,12 +156,12 @@ class TestClassifier(VppTestCase):
         :param str ether_type: ethernet type <0-ffff>
         """
 
-        return ('{!s:0>12}{!s:0>12}{!s:0>4}'.format(
-            dst_mac, src_mac, ether_type)).rstrip()
+        return (
+            "{!s:0>12}{!s:0>12}{!s:0>4}".format(dst_mac, src_mac, ether_type)
+        ).rstrip()
 
     @staticmethod
-    def build_ip_mask(proto='', src_ip='', dst_ip='',
-                      src_port='', dst_port=''):
+    def build_ip_mask(proto="", src_ip="", dst_ip="", src_port="", dst_port=""):
         """Build IP ACL mask data with hexstring format.
 
         :param str proto: protocol number <0-ff>
@@ -170,12 +171,14 @@ class TestClassifier(VppTestCase):
         :param str dst_port: destination port number <0-ffff>
         """
 
-        return ('{!s:0>20}{!s:0>12}{!s:0>8}{!s:0>4}{!s:0>4}'.format(
-            proto, src_ip, dst_ip, src_port, dst_port)).rstrip('0')
+        return (
+            "{!s:0>20}{!s:0>12}{!s:0>8}{!s:0>4}{!s:0>4}".format(
+                proto, src_ip, dst_ip, src_port, dst_port
+            )
+        ).rstrip("0")
 
     @staticmethod
-    def build_ip6_mask(nh='', src_ip='', dst_ip='',
-                       src_port='', dst_port=''):
+    def build_ip6_mask(nh="", src_ip="", dst_ip="", src_port="", dst_port=""):
         """Build IPv6 ACL mask data with hexstring format.
 
         :param str nh: next header number <0-ff>
@@ -185,24 +188,26 @@ class TestClassifier(VppTestCase):
         :param str dst_port: destination port number <0-ffff>
         """
 
-        return ('{!s:0>14}{!s:0>34}{!s:0>32}{!s:0>4}{!s:0>4}'.format(
-            nh, src_ip, dst_ip, src_port, dst_port)).rstrip('0')
+        return (
+            "{!s:0>14}{!s:0>34}{!s:0>32}{!s:0>4}{!s:0>4}".format(
+                nh, src_ip, dst_ip, src_port, dst_port
+            )
+        ).rstrip("0")
 
     @staticmethod
     def build_payload_mask(masks):
-        payload_mask = ''
+        payload_mask = ""
 
         for mask in masks:
             # offset is specified in bytes, convert to hex format.
             length = (mask.offset * 2) + len(mask.spec)
-            format_spec = '{!s:0>' + str(length) + '}'
+            format_spec = "{!s:0>" + str(length) + "}"
             payload_mask += format_spec.format(mask.spec)
 
-        return payload_mask.rstrip('0')
+        return payload_mask.rstrip("0")
 
     @staticmethod
-    def build_ip_match(proto=0, src_ip='', dst_ip='',
-                       src_port=0, dst_port=0):
+    def build_ip_match(proto=0, src_ip="", dst_ip="", src_port=0, dst_port=0):
         """Build IP ACL match data with hexstring format.
 
         :param int proto: protocol number with valid option "x"
@@ -212,17 +217,18 @@ class TestClassifier(VppTestCase):
         :param int dst_port: destination port number "x"
         """
         if src_ip:
-            src_ip = binascii.hexlify(socket.inet_aton(src_ip)).decode('ascii')
+            src_ip = binascii.hexlify(socket.inet_aton(src_ip)).decode("ascii")
         if dst_ip:
-            dst_ip = binascii.hexlify(socket.inet_aton(dst_ip)).decode('ascii')
+            dst_ip = binascii.hexlify(socket.inet_aton(dst_ip)).decode("ascii")
 
-        return ('{!s:0>20}{!s:0>12}{!s:0>8}{!s:0>4}{!s:0>4}'.format(
-            hex(proto)[2:], src_ip, dst_ip, hex(src_port)[2:],
-            hex(dst_port)[2:])).rstrip('0')
+        return (
+            "{!s:0>20}{!s:0>12}{!s:0>8}{!s:0>4}{!s:0>4}".format(
+                hex(proto)[2:], src_ip, dst_ip, hex(src_port)[2:], hex(dst_port)[2:]
+            )
+        ).rstrip("0")
 
     @staticmethod
-    def build_ip6_match(nh=0, src_ip='', dst_ip='',
-                        src_port=0, dst_port=0):
+    def build_ip6_match(nh=0, src_ip="", dst_ip="", src_port=0, dst_port=0):
         """Build IPv6 ACL match data with hexstring format.
 
         :param int nh: next header number with valid option "x"
@@ -234,39 +240,44 @@ class TestClassifier(VppTestCase):
         """
         if src_ip:
             if sys.version_info[0] == 2:
-                src_ip = binascii.hexlify(socket.inet_pton(
-                    socket.AF_INET6, src_ip))
+                src_ip = binascii.hexlify(socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET6, src_ip))
             else:
                 src_ip = socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET6, src_ip).hex()
 
         if dst_ip:
             if sys.version_info[0] == 2:
-                dst_ip = binascii.hexlify(socket.inet_pton(
-                    socket.AF_INET6, dst_ip))
+                dst_ip = binascii.hexlify(socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET6, dst_ip))
             else:
                 dst_ip = socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET6, dst_ip).hex()
 
-        return ('{!s:0>14}{!s:0>34}{!s:0>32}{!s:0>4}{!s:0>4}'.format(
-            hex(nh)[2:], src_ip, dst_ip, hex(src_port)[2:],
-            hex(dst_port)[2:])).rstrip('0')
+        return (
+            "{!s:0>14}{!s:0>34}{!s:0>32}{!s:0>4}{!s:0>4}".format(
+                hex(nh)[2:], src_ip, dst_ip, hex(src_port)[2:], hex(dst_port)[2:]
+            )
+        ).rstrip("0")
 
     @staticmethod
     def build_payload_match(matches):
-        payload_match = ''
+        payload_match = ""
 
         for match in matches:
             sval = str(hex(match.value)[2:])
             # offset is specified in bytes, convert to hex format.
             length = (match.offset + match.length) * 2
 
-            format_spec = '{!s:0>' + str(length) + '}'
+            format_spec = "{!s:0>" + str(length) + "}"
             payload_match += format_spec.format(sval)
 
-        return payload_match.rstrip('0')
+        return payload_match.rstrip("0")
 
-    def create_stream(self, src_if, dst_if, packet_sizes,
-                      proto_l=UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678),
-                      payload_ex=None):
+    def create_stream(
+        self,
+        src_if,
+        dst_if,
+        packet_sizes,
+        proto_l=UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678),
+        payload_ex=None,
+    ):
         """Create input packet stream for defined interfaces.
 
         :param VppInterface src_if: Source Interface for packet stream.
@@ -285,15 +296,19 @@ class TestClassifier(VppTestCase):
                 payload += payload_ex
 
             if self.af == AF_INET:
-                p = (Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac) /
-                     IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_if.remote_ip4) /
-                     proto_l /
-                     Raw(payload))
+                p = (
+                    Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac)
+                    / IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_if.remote_ip4)
+                    / proto_l
+                    / Raw(payload)
+                )
             elif self.af == AF_INET6:
-                p = (Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac) /
-                     IPv6(src=src_if.remote_ip6, dst=dst_if.remote_ip6) /
-                     proto_l /
-                     Raw(payload))
+                p = (
+                    Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac)
+                    / IPv6(src=src_if.remote_ip6, dst=dst_if.remote_ip6)
+                    / proto_l
+                    / Raw(payload)
+                )
             info.data = p.copy()
             self.extend_packet(p, size)
             pkts.append(p)
@@ -322,11 +337,12 @@ class TestClassifier(VppTestCase):
                 packet_index = payload_info.index
                 self.assertEqual(payload_info.dst, dst_sw_if_index)
                 self.logger.debug(
-                    "Got packet on port %s: src=%u (id=%u)" %
-                    (dst_if.name, payload_info.src, packet_index))
+                    "Got packet on port %s: src=%u (id=%u)"
+                    % (dst_if.name, payload_info.src, packet_index)
+                )
                 next_info = self.get_next_packet_info_for_interface2(
-                    payload_info.src, dst_sw_if_index,
-                    last_info[payload_info.src])
+                    payload_info.src, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[payload_info.src]
+                )
                 last_info[payload_info.src] = next_info
                 self.assertTrue(next_info is not None)
                 self.assertEqual(packet_index, next_info.index)
@@ -343,13 +359,15 @@ class TestClassifier(VppTestCase):
                 raise
         for i in self.interfaces:
             remaining_packet = self.get_next_packet_info_for_interface2(
-                i.sw_if_index, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[i.sw_if_index])
-            self.assertTrue(remaining_packet is None,
-                            "Interface %s: Packet expected from interface %s "
-                            "didn't arrive" % (dst_if.name, i.name))
+                i.sw_if_index, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[i.sw_if_index]
+            )
+            self.assertTrue(
+                remaining_packet is None,
+                "Interface %s: Packet expected from interface %s "
+                "didn't arrive" % (dst_if.name, i.name),
+            )
 
-    def create_classify_table(self, key, mask, data_offset=0,
-                              next_table_index=None):
+    def create_classify_table(self, key, mask, data_offset=0, next_table_index=None):
         """Create Classify Table
 
         :param str key: key for classify table (ex, ACL name).
@@ -366,12 +384,14 @@ class TestClassifier(VppTestCase):
             miss_next_index=0,
             current_data_flag=1,
             current_data_offset=data_offset,
-            next_table_index=next_table_index)
-        self.assertIsNotNone(r, 'No response msg for add_del_table')
+            next_table_index=next_table_index,
+        )
+        self.assertIsNotNone(r, "No response msg for add_del_table")
         self.acl_tbl_idx[key] = r.new_table_index
 
-    def create_classify_session(self, table_index, match, pbr_option=0,
-                                vrfid=0, is_add=1):
+    def create_classify_session(
+        self, table_index, match, pbr_option=0, vrfid=0, is_add=1
+    ):
         """Create Classify Session
 
         :param int table_index: table index to identify classify table.
@@ -389,8 +409,9 @@ class TestClassifier(VppTestCase):
             match_len=mask_match_len,
             opaque_index=0,
             action=pbr_option,
-            metadata=vrfid)
-        self.assertIsNotNone(r, 'No response msg for add_del_session')
+            metadata=vrfid,
+        )
+        self.assertIsNotNone(r, "No response msg for add_del_session")
 
     def input_acl_set_interface(self, intf, table_index, is_add=1):
         """Configure Input ACL interface
@@ -403,20 +424,17 @@ class TestClassifier(VppTestCase):
         r = None
         if self.af == AF_INET:
             r = self.vapi.input_acl_set_interface(
-                is_add,
-                intf.sw_if_index,
-                ip4_table_index=table_index)
+                is_add, intf.sw_if_index, ip4_table_index=table_index
+            )
         elif self.af == AF_INET6:
             r = self.vapi.input_acl_set_interface(
-                is_add,
-                intf.sw_if_index,
-                ip6_table_index=table_index)
+                is_add, intf.sw_if_index, ip6_table_index=table_index
+            )
         else:
             r = self.vapi.input_acl_set_interface(
-                is_add,
-                intf.sw_if_index,
-                l2_table_index=table_index)
-        self.assertIsNotNone(r, 'No response msg for acl_set_interface')
+                is_add, intf.sw_if_index, l2_table_index=table_index
+            )
+        self.assertIsNotNone(r, "No response msg for acl_set_interface")
 
     def output_acl_set_interface(self, intf, table_index, is_add=1):
         """Configure Output ACL interface
@@ -429,20 +447,17 @@ class TestClassifier(VppTestCase):
         r = None
         if self.af == AF_INET:
             r = self.vapi.output_acl_set_interface(
-                is_add,
-                intf.sw_if_index,
-                ip4_table_index=table_index)
+                is_add, intf.sw_if_index, ip4_table_index=table_index
+            )
         elif self.af == AF_INET6:
             r = self.vapi.output_acl_set_interface(
-                is_add,
-                intf.sw_if_index,
-                ip6_table_index=table_index)
+                is_add, intf.sw_if_index, ip6_table_index=table_index
+            )
         else:
             r = self.vapi.output_acl_set_interface(
-                is_add,
-                intf.sw_if_index,
-                l2_table_index=table_index)
-        self.assertIsNotNone(r, 'No response msg for acl_set_interface')
+                is_add, intf.sw_if_index, l2_table_index=table_index
+            )
+        self.assertIsNotNone(r, "No response msg for acl_set_interface")
 
     def config_pbr_fib_entry(self, intf, is_add=1):
         """Configure fib entry to route traffic toward PBR VRF table
@@ -451,10 +466,13 @@ class TestClassifier(VppTestCase):
 
         """
         addr_len = 24
-        self.vapi.ip_add_del_route(dst_address=intf.local_ip4,
-                                   dst_address_length=addr_len,
-                                   next_hop_address=intf.remote_ip4,
-                                   table_id=self.pbr_vrfid, is_add=is_add)
+        self.vapi.ip_add_del_route(
+            dst_address=intf.local_ip4,
+            dst_address_length=addr_len,
+            next_hop_address=intf.remote_ip4,
+            table_id=self.pbr_vrfid,
+            is_add=is_add,
+        )
 
     def verify_vrf(self, vrf_id):
         """
diff --git a/test/template_ipsec.py b/test/template_ipsec.py
index 8105f0ca52d..578c284f72e 100644
--- a/test/template_ipsec.py
+++ b/test/template_ipsec.py
@@ -6,16 +6,20 @@ from scapy.layers.inet import IP, ICMP, TCP, UDP
 from scapy.layers.ipsec import SecurityAssociation, ESP
 from scapy.layers.l2 import Ether
 from scapy.packet import raw, Raw
-from scapy.layers.inet6 import IPv6, ICMPv6EchoRequest, IPv6ExtHdrHopByHop, \
-    IPv6ExtHdrFragment, IPv6ExtHdrDestOpt
+from scapy.layers.inet6 import (
+    IPv6,
+    ICMPv6EchoRequest,
+    IPv6ExtHdrHopByHop,
+    IPv6ExtHdrFragment,
+    IPv6ExtHdrDestOpt,
+)
 
 
 from framework import VppTestCase, VppTestRunner
 from util import ppp, reassemble4, fragment_rfc791, fragment_rfc8200
 from vpp_papi import VppEnum
 
-from vpp_ipsec import VppIpsecSpd, VppIpsecSpdEntry, \
-    VppIpsecSpdItfBinding
+from vpp_ipsec import VppIpsecSpd, VppIpsecSpdEntry, VppIpsecSpdItfBinding
 from ipaddress import ip_address
 from re import search
 from os import popen
@@ -30,8 +34,8 @@ class IPsecIPv4Params:
     is_ipv6 = 0
 
     def __init__(self):
-        self.remote_tun_if_host = '1.1.1.1'
-        self.remote_tun_if_host6 = '1111::1'
+        self.remote_tun_if_host = "1.1.1.1"
+        self.remote_tun_if_host6 = "1111::1"
 
         self.scapy_tun_sa_id = 100
         self.scapy_tun_spi = 1000
@@ -48,20 +52,23 @@ class IPsecIPv4Params:
         self.outer_flow_label = 0
         self.inner_flow_label = 0x12345
 
-        self.auth_algo_vpp_id = (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.
-                                 IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA1_96)
-        self.auth_algo = 'HMAC-SHA1-96'  # scapy name
-        self.auth_key = b'C91KUR9GYMm5GfkEvNjX'
+        self.auth_algo_vpp_id = (
+            VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA1_96
+        )
+        self.auth_algo = "HMAC-SHA1-96"  # scapy name
+        self.auth_key = b"C91KUR9GYMm5GfkEvNjX"
 
-        self.crypt_algo_vpp_id = (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.
-                                  IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_CBC_128)
-        self.crypt_algo = 'AES-CBC'  # scapy name
-        self.crypt_key = b'JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7h'
+        self.crypt_algo_vpp_id = (
+            VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_CBC_128
+        )
+        self.crypt_algo = "AES-CBC"  # scapy name
+        self.crypt_key = b"JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7h"
         self.salt = 0
         self.flags = 0
         self.nat_header = None
-        self.tun_flags = (VppEnum.vl_api_tunnel_encap_decap_flags_t.
-                          TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_NONE)
+        self.tun_flags = (
+            VppEnum.vl_api_tunnel_encap_decap_flags_t.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_NONE
+        )
         self.dscp = 0
         self.async_mode = False
 
@@ -75,8 +82,8 @@ class IPsecIPv6Params:
     is_ipv6 = 1
 
     def __init__(self):
-        self.remote_tun_if_host = '1111:1111:1111:1111:1111:1111:1111:1111'
-        self.remote_tun_if_host4 = '1.1.1.1'
+        self.remote_tun_if_host = "1111:1111:1111:1111:1111:1111:1111:1111"
+        self.remote_tun_if_host4 = "1.1.1.1"
 
         self.scapy_tun_sa_id = 500
         self.scapy_tun_spi = 3001
@@ -93,20 +100,23 @@ class IPsecIPv6Params:
         self.outer_flow_label = 0
         self.inner_flow_label = 0x12345
 
-        self.auth_algo_vpp_id = (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.
-                                 IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA1_96)
-        self.auth_algo = 'HMAC-SHA1-96'  # scapy name
-        self.auth_key = b'C91KUR9GYMm5GfkEvNjX'
+        self.auth_algo_vpp_id = (
+            VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA1_96
+        )
+        self.auth_algo = "HMAC-SHA1-96"  # scapy name
+        self.auth_key = b"C91KUR9GYMm5GfkEvNjX"
 
-        self.crypt_algo_vpp_id = (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.
-                                  IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_CBC_128)
-        self.crypt_algo = 'AES-CBC'  # scapy name
-        self.crypt_key = b'JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7h'
+        self.crypt_algo_vpp_id = (
+            VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_CBC_128
+        )
+        self.crypt_algo = "AES-CBC"  # scapy name
+        self.crypt_key = b"JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7h"
         self.salt = 0
         self.flags = 0
         self.nat_header = None
-        self.tun_flags = (VppEnum.vl_api_tunnel_encap_decap_flags_t.
-                          TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_NONE)
+        self.tun_flags = (
+            VppEnum.vl_api_tunnel_encap_decap_flags_t.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_NONE
+        )
         self.dscp = 0
         self.async_mode = False
 
@@ -120,36 +130,40 @@ def mk_scapy_crypt_key(p):
 
 def config_tun_params(p, encryption_type, tun_if):
     ip_class_by_addr_type = {socket.AF_INET: IP, socket.AF_INET6: IPv6}
-    esn_en = bool(p.flags & (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_sad_flags_t.
-                             IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_USE_ESN))
+    esn_en = bool(
+        p.flags & (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_sad_flags_t.IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_USE_ESN)
+    )
     p.tun_dst = tun_if.remote_addr[p.addr_type]
     p.tun_src = tun_if.local_addr[p.addr_type]
     crypt_key = mk_scapy_crypt_key(p)
     p.scapy_tun_sa = SecurityAssociation(
-        encryption_type, spi=p.vpp_tun_spi,
+        encryption_type,
+        spi=p.vpp_tun_spi,
         crypt_algo=p.crypt_algo,
         crypt_key=crypt_key,
-        auth_algo=p.auth_algo, auth_key=p.auth_key,
-        tunnel_header=ip_class_by_addr_type[p.addr_type](
-            src=p.tun_dst,
-            dst=p.tun_src),
+        auth_algo=p.auth_algo,
+        auth_key=p.auth_key,
+        tunnel_header=ip_class_by_addr_type[p.addr_type](src=p.tun_dst, dst=p.tun_src),
         nat_t_header=p.nat_header,
-        esn_en=esn_en)
+        esn_en=esn_en,
+    )
     p.vpp_tun_sa = SecurityAssociation(
-        encryption_type, spi=p.scapy_tun_spi,
+        encryption_type,
+        spi=p.scapy_tun_spi,
         crypt_algo=p.crypt_algo,
         crypt_key=crypt_key,
-        auth_algo=p.auth_algo, auth_key=p.auth_key,
-        tunnel_header=ip_class_by_addr_type[p.addr_type](
-            dst=p.tun_dst,
-            src=p.tun_src),
+        auth_algo=p.auth_algo,
+        auth_key=p.auth_key,
+        tunnel_header=ip_class_by_addr_type[p.addr_type](dst=p.tun_dst, src=p.tun_src),
         nat_t_header=p.nat_header,
-        esn_en=esn_en)
+        esn_en=esn_en,
+    )
 
 
 def config_tra_params(p, encryption_type):
-    esn_en = bool(p.flags & (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_sad_flags_t.
-                             IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_USE_ESN))
+    esn_en = bool(
+        p.flags & (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_sad_flags_t.IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_USE_ESN)
+    )
     crypt_key = mk_scapy_crypt_key(p)
     p.scapy_tra_sa = SecurityAssociation(
         encryption_type,
@@ -159,7 +173,8 @@ def config_tra_params(p, encryption_type):
         auth_algo=p.auth_algo,
         auth_key=p.auth_key,
         nat_t_header=p.nat_header,
-        esn_en=esn_en)
+        esn_en=esn_en,
+    )
     p.vpp_tra_sa = SecurityAssociation(
         encryption_type,
         spi=p.scapy_tra_spi,
@@ -168,7 +183,8 @@ def config_tra_params(p, encryption_type):
         auth_algo=p.auth_algo,
         auth_key=p.auth_key,
         nat_t_header=p.nat_header,
-        esn_en=esn_en)
+        esn_en=esn_en,
+    )
 
 
 class TemplateIpsec(VppTestCase):
@@ -189,11 +205,12 @@ class TemplateIpsec(VppTestCase):
         |tun_if| ------->  |VPP| ------> |pg1|
          ------             ---           ---
     """
+
     tun_spd_id = 1
     tra_spd_id = 2
 
     def ipsec_select_backend(self):
-        """ empty method to be overloaded when necessary """
+        """empty method to be overloaded when necessary"""
         pass
 
     @classmethod
@@ -205,12 +222,14 @@ class TemplateIpsec(VppTestCase):
         super(TemplateIpsec, cls).tearDownClass()
 
     def setup_params(self):
-        if not hasattr(self, 'ipv4_params'):
+        if not hasattr(self, "ipv4_params"):
             self.ipv4_params = IPsecIPv4Params()
-        if not hasattr(self, 'ipv6_params'):
+        if not hasattr(self, "ipv6_params"):
             self.ipv6_params = IPsecIPv6Params()
-        self.params = {self.ipv4_params.addr_type: self.ipv4_params,
-                       self.ipv6_params.addr_type: self.ipv6_params}
+        self.params = {
+            self.ipv4_params.addr_type: self.ipv4_params,
+            self.ipv6_params.addr_type: self.ipv6_params,
+        }
 
     def config_interfaces(self):
         self.create_pg_interfaces(range(3))
@@ -227,10 +246,8 @@ class TemplateIpsec(VppTestCase):
 
         self.setup_params()
 
-        self.vpp_esp_protocol = (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_proto_t.
-                                 IPSEC_API_PROTO_ESP)
-        self.vpp_ah_protocol = (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_proto_t.
-                                IPSEC_API_PROTO_AH)
+        self.vpp_esp_protocol = VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_proto_t.IPSEC_API_PROTO_ESP
+        self.vpp_ah_protocol = VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_proto_t.IPSEC_API_PROTO_AH
 
         self.config_interfaces()
 
@@ -250,34 +267,39 @@ class TemplateIpsec(VppTestCase):
     def show_commands_at_teardown(self):
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show hardware"))
 
-    def gen_encrypt_pkts(self, p, sa, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1,
-                         payload_size=54):
-        return [Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac) /
-                sa.encrypt(IP(src=src, dst=dst) /
-                           ICMP() / Raw(b'X' * payload_size))
-                for i in range(count)]
+    def gen_encrypt_pkts(self, p, sa, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=54):
+        return [
+            Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac)
+            / sa.encrypt(IP(src=src, dst=dst) / ICMP() / Raw(b"X" * payload_size))
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
-    def gen_encrypt_pkts6(self, p, sa, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1,
-                          payload_size=54):
-        return [Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac) /
-                sa.encrypt(IPv6(src=src, dst=dst,
-                                hlim=p.inner_hop_limit,
-                                fl=p.inner_flow_label) /
-                           ICMPv6EchoRequest(id=0, seq=1,
-                                             data='X' * payload_size))
-                for i in range(count)]
+    def gen_encrypt_pkts6(self, p, sa, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=54):
+        return [
+            Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac)
+            / sa.encrypt(
+                IPv6(src=src, dst=dst, hlim=p.inner_hop_limit, fl=p.inner_flow_label)
+                / ICMPv6EchoRequest(id=0, seq=1, data="X" * payload_size)
+            )
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
     def gen_pkts(self, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=54):
-        return [Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac) /
-                IP(src=src, dst=dst) / ICMP() / Raw(b'X' * payload_size)
-                for i in range(count)]
+        return [
+            Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=src, dst=dst)
+            / ICMP()
+            / Raw(b"X" * payload_size)
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
     def gen_pkts6(self, p, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=54):
-        return [Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac) /
-                IPv6(src=src, dst=dst,
-                     hlim=p.inner_hop_limit, fl=p.inner_flow_label) /
-                ICMPv6EchoRequest(id=0, seq=1, data='X' * payload_size)
-                for i in range(count)]
+        return [
+            Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=src, dst=dst, hlim=p.inner_hop_limit, fl=p.inner_flow_label)
+            / ICMPv6EchoRequest(id=0, seq=1, data="X" * payload_size)
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
 
 class IpsecTcp(object):
@@ -285,10 +307,12 @@ class IpsecTcp(object):
         # start http cli server listener on http://0.0.0.0:80
         self.vapi.cli("http cli server")
         p = self.params[socket.AF_INET]
-        send = (Ether(src=self.tun_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tun_if.local_mac) /
-                p.scapy_tun_sa.encrypt(IP(src=p.remote_tun_if_host,
-                                          dst=self.tun_if.local_ip4) /
-                                       TCP(flags='S', dport=80)))
+        send = Ether(
+            src=self.tun_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tun_if.local_mac
+        ) / p.scapy_tun_sa.encrypt(
+            IP(src=p.remote_tun_if_host, dst=self.tun_if.local_ip4)
+            / TCP(flags="S", dport=80)
+        )
         self.logger.debug(ppp("Sending packet:", send))
         recv = self.send_and_expect(self.tun_if, [send], self.tun_if)
         recv = recv[0]
@@ -298,36 +322,40 @@ class IpsecTcp(object):
 
 class IpsecTcpTests(IpsecTcp):
     def test_tcp_checksum(self):
-        """ verify checksum correctness for vpp generated packets """
+        """verify checksum correctness for vpp generated packets"""
         self.verify_tcp_checksum()
 
 
 class IpsecTra4(object):
-    """ verify methods for Transport v4 """
+    """verify methods for Transport v4"""
+
     def get_replay_counts(self, p):
-        replay_node_name = ('/err/%s/SA replayed packet' %
-                            self.tra4_decrypt_node_name[0])
+        replay_node_name = "/err/%s/SA replayed packet" % self.tra4_decrypt_node_name[0]
         count = self.statistics.get_err_counter(replay_node_name)
 
         if p.async_mode:
-            replay_post_node_name = ('/err/%s/SA replayed packet' %
-                                     self.tra4_decrypt_node_name[p.async_mode])
+            replay_post_node_name = (
+                "/err/%s/SA replayed packet" % self.tra4_decrypt_node_name[p.async_mode]
+            )
             count += self.statistics.get_err_counter(replay_post_node_name)
 
         return count
 
     def get_hash_failed_counts(self, p):
         if ESP == self.encryption_type and p.crypt_algo == "AES-GCM":
-            hash_failed_node_name = ('/err/%s/ESP decryption failed' %
-                                     self.tra4_decrypt_node_name[p.async_mode])
+            hash_failed_node_name = (
+                "/err/%s/ESP decryption failed"
+                % self.tra4_decrypt_node_name[p.async_mode]
+            )
         else:
-            hash_failed_node_name = ('/err/%s/Integrity check failed' %
-                                     self.tra4_decrypt_node_name[p.async_mode])
+            hash_failed_node_name = (
+                "/err/%s/Integrity check failed"
+                % self.tra4_decrypt_node_name[p.async_mode]
+            )
         count = self.statistics.get_err_counter(hash_failed_node_name)
 
         if p.async_mode:
-            count += self.statistics.get_err_counter(
-                '/err/crypto-dispatch/bad-hmac')
+            count += self.statistics.get_err_counter("/err/crypto-dispatch/bad-hmac")
 
         return count
 
@@ -337,81 +365,100 @@ class IpsecTra4(object):
         esn_on = p.vpp_tra_sa.esn_en
         ar_on = p.flags & saf.IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_USE_ANTI_REPLAY
 
-        seq_cycle_node_name = \
-            ('/err/%s/sequence number cycled (packet dropped)' %
-             self.tra4_encrypt_node_name)
+        seq_cycle_node_name = (
+            "/err/%s/sequence number cycled (packet dropped)"
+            % self.tra4_encrypt_node_name
+        )
         replay_count = self.get_replay_counts(p)
         hash_failed_count = self.get_hash_failed_counts(p)
         seq_cycle_count = self.statistics.get_err_counter(seq_cycle_node_name)
 
         # a few packets so we get the rx seq number above the window size and
         # thus can simulate a wrap with an out of window packet
-        pkts = [(Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.tra_if.local_mac) /
-                 p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4,
-                                           dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) /
-                                        ICMP(),
-                                        seq_num=seq))
-                for seq in range(63, 80)]
+        pkts = [
+            (
+                Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tra_if.local_mac)
+                / p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(
+                    IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) / ICMP(),
+                    seq_num=seq,
+                )
+            )
+            for seq in range(63, 80)
+        ]
         recv_pkts = self.send_and_expect(self.tra_if, pkts, self.tra_if)
 
         # these 4 packets will all choose seq-num 0 to decrpyt since none
         # are out of window when first checked. however, once #200 has
         # decrypted it will move the window to 200 and has #81 is out of
         # window. this packet should be dropped.
-        pkts = [(Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.tra_if.local_mac) /
-                 p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4,
-                                           dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) /
-                                        ICMP(),
-                                        seq_num=200)),
-                (Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.tra_if.local_mac) /
-                 p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4,
-                                           dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) /
-                                        ICMP(),
-                                        seq_num=81)),
-                (Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.tra_if.local_mac) /
-                 p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4,
-                                           dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) /
-                                        ICMP(),
-                                        seq_num=201)),
-                (Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.tra_if.local_mac) /
-                 p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4,
-                                           dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) /
-                                        ICMP(),
-                                        seq_num=202))]
+        pkts = [
+            (
+                Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tra_if.local_mac)
+                / p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(
+                    IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) / ICMP(),
+                    seq_num=200,
+                )
+            ),
+            (
+                Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tra_if.local_mac)
+                / p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(
+                    IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) / ICMP(),
+                    seq_num=81,
+                )
+            ),
+            (
+                Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tra_if.local_mac)
+                / p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(
+                    IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) / ICMP(),
+                    seq_num=201,
+                )
+            ),
+            (
+                Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tra_if.local_mac)
+                / p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(
+                    IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) / ICMP(),
+                    seq_num=202,
+                )
+            ),
+        ]
 
         # if anti-replay is off then we won't drop #81
         n_rx = 3 if ar_on else 4
         self.send_and_expect(self.tra_if, pkts, self.tra_if, n_rx=n_rx)
         # this packet is one before the wrap
-        pkts = [(Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.tra_if.local_mac) /
-                 p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4,
-                                           dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) /
-                                        ICMP(),
-                                        seq_num=203))]
+        pkts = [
+            (
+                Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tra_if.local_mac)
+                / p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(
+                    IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) / ICMP(),
+                    seq_num=203,
+                )
+            )
+        ]
         recv_pkts = self.send_and_expect(self.tra_if, pkts, self.tra_if)
 
         # move the window over half way to a wrap
-        pkts = [(Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.tra_if.local_mac) /
-                 p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4,
-                                           dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) /
-                                        ICMP(),
-                                        seq_num=0x80000001))]
+        pkts = [
+            (
+                Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tra_if.local_mac)
+                / p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(
+                    IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) / ICMP(),
+                    seq_num=0x80000001,
+                )
+            )
+        ]
         recv_pkts = self.send_and_expect(self.tra_if, pkts, self.tra_if)
 
         # anti-replay will drop old packets, no anti-replay will not
-        pkts = [(Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.tra_if.local_mac) /
-                 p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4,
-                                           dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) /
-                                        ICMP(),
-                                        seq_num=0x44000001))]
+        pkts = [
+            (
+                Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tra_if.local_mac)
+                / p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(
+                    IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) / ICMP(),
+                    seq_num=0x44000001,
+                )
+            )
+        ]
 
         if ar_on:
             self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.tra_if, pkts)
@@ -427,36 +474,48 @@ class IpsecTra4(object):
             p.scapy_tra_sa.seq_num = 0x100000005
 
             # send a packet that wraps the window for both AR and no AR
-            pkts = [(Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac,
-                           dst=self.tra_if.local_mac) /
-                     p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4,
-                                               dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) /
-                                            ICMP(),
-                                            seq_num=0x100000005))]
+            pkts = [
+                (
+                    Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tra_if.local_mac)
+                    / p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(
+                        IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4)
+                        / ICMP(),
+                        seq_num=0x100000005,
+                    )
+                )
+            ]
 
             rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.tra_if, pkts, self.tra_if)
             for rx in rxs:
                 decrypted = p.vpp_tra_sa.decrypt(rx[0][IP])
 
             # move the window forward to half way to the next wrap
-            pkts = [(Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac,
-                           dst=self.tra_if.local_mac) /
-                     p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4,
-                                               dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) /
-                                            ICMP(),
-                                            seq_num=0x180000005))]
+            pkts = [
+                (
+                    Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tra_if.local_mac)
+                    / p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(
+                        IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4)
+                        / ICMP(),
+                        seq_num=0x180000005,
+                    )
+                )
+            ]
 
             rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.tra_if, pkts, self.tra_if)
 
             # a packet less than 2^30 from the current position is:
             #  - AR: out of window and dropped
             #  - non-AR: accepted
-            pkts = [(Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac,
-                           dst=self.tra_if.local_mac) /
-                     p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4,
-                                               dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) /
-                                            ICMP(),
-                                            seq_num=0x170000005))]
+            pkts = [
+                (
+                    Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tra_if.local_mac)
+                    / p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(
+                        IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4)
+                        / ICMP(),
+                        seq_num=0x170000005,
+                    )
+                )
+            ]
 
             if ar_on:
                 self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.tra_if, pkts)
@@ -467,12 +526,16 @@ class IpsecTra4(object):
             #  - AR: out of window and dropped
             #  - non-AR: considered a wrap, but since it's not a wrap
             #    it won't decrpyt and so will be dropped
-            pkts = [(Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac,
-                           dst=self.tra_if.local_mac) /
-                     p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4,
-                                               dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) /
-                                            ICMP(),
-                                            seq_num=0x130000005))]
+            pkts = [
+                (
+                    Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tra_if.local_mac)
+                    / p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(
+                        IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4)
+                        / ICMP(),
+                        seq_num=0x130000005,
+                    )
+                )
+            ]
 
             self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.tra_if, pkts)
 
@@ -481,12 +544,16 @@ class IpsecTra4(object):
             #  - AR: out of window so considered a wrap, so accepted
             #  - non-AR: not considered a wrap, so won't decrypt
             p.scapy_tra_sa.seq_num = 0x260000005
-            pkts = [(Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac,
-                           dst=self.tra_if.local_mac) /
-                     p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4,
-                                               dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) /
-                                            ICMP(),
-                                            seq_num=0x260000005))]
+            pkts = [
+                (
+                    Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tra_if.local_mac)
+                    / p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(
+                        IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4)
+                        / ICMP(),
+                        seq_num=0x260000005,
+                    )
+                )
+            ]
             if ar_on:
                 self.send_and_expect(self.tra_if, pkts, self.tra_if)
             else:
@@ -502,44 +569,55 @@ class IpsecTra4(object):
                 #  - AR: accepted
                 #  - non-AR: not considered a wrap, so won't decrypt
 
-                pkts = [(Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac,
-                               dst=self.tra_if.local_mac) /
-                         p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4,
-                                                   dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) /
-                                                ICMP(),
-                                                seq_num=0x200000005)),
-                        (Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac,
-                               dst=self.tra_if.local_mac) /
-                         p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4,
-                                                   dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) /
-                                                ICMP(),
-                                                seq_num=0x200000006))]
+                pkts = [
+                    (
+                        Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tra_if.local_mac)
+                        / p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(
+                            IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4)
+                            / ICMP(),
+                            seq_num=0x200000005,
+                        )
+                    ),
+                    (
+                        Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tra_if.local_mac)
+                        / p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(
+                            IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4)
+                            / ICMP(),
+                            seq_num=0x200000006,
+                        )
+                    ),
+                ]
                 self.send_and_expect(self.tra_if, pkts, self.tra_if)
 
-                pkts = [(Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac,
-                               dst=self.tra_if.local_mac) /
-                         p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4,
-                                                   dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) /
-                                                ICMP(),
-                                                seq_num=0x260000005))]
+                pkts = [
+                    (
+                        Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tra_if.local_mac)
+                        / p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(
+                            IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4)
+                            / ICMP(),
+                            seq_num=0x260000005,
+                        )
+                    )
+                ]
                 self.send_and_expect(self.tra_if, pkts, self.tra_if)
 
     def verify_tra_anti_replay(self):
         p = self.params[socket.AF_INET]
         esn_en = p.vpp_tra_sa.esn_en
 
-        seq_cycle_node_name = \
-            ('/err/%s/sequence number cycled (packet dropped)' %
-             self.tra4_encrypt_node_name)
+        seq_cycle_node_name = (
+            "/err/%s/sequence number cycled (packet dropped)"
+            % self.tra4_encrypt_node_name
+        )
         replay_count = self.get_replay_counts(p)
         hash_failed_count = self.get_hash_failed_counts(p)
         seq_cycle_count = self.statistics.get_err_counter(seq_cycle_node_name)
 
         if ESP == self.encryption_type:
-            undersize_node_name = ('/err/%s/undersized packet' %
-                                   self.tra4_decrypt_node_name[0])
-            undersize_count = self.statistics.get_err_counter(
-                undersize_node_name)
+            undersize_node_name = (
+                "/err/%s/undersized packet" % self.tra4_decrypt_node_name[0]
+            )
+            undersize_count = self.statistics.get_err_counter(undersize_node_name)
 
         #
         # send packets with seq numbers 1->34
@@ -549,13 +627,16 @@ class IpsecTra4(object):
         # for reasons i haven't investigated Scapy won't create a packet with
         # seq_num=0
         #
-        pkts = [(Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.tra_if.local_mac) /
-                 p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4,
-                                           dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) /
-                                        ICMP(),
-                                        seq_num=seq))
-                for seq in range(1, 34)]
+        pkts = [
+            (
+                Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tra_if.local_mac)
+                / p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(
+                    IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) / ICMP(),
+                    seq_num=seq,
+                )
+            )
+            for seq in range(1, 34)
+        ]
         recv_pkts = self.send_and_expect(self.tra_if, pkts, self.tra_if)
 
         # replayed packets are dropped
@@ -569,14 +650,13 @@ class IpsecTra4(object):
         #
         self.vapi.cli("clear error")
         self.vapi.cli("clear node counters")
-        pkts = (Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac,
-                      dst=self.tra_if.local_mac) /
-                p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4,
-                                          dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) /
-                                       ICMP(),
-                                       seq_num=35))
-        recv_pkts = self.send_and_expect(self.tra_if, pkts * 8,
-                                         self.tra_if, n_rx=1)
+        pkts = Ether(
+            src=self.tra_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tra_if.local_mac
+        ) / p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(
+            IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) / ICMP(),
+            seq_num=35,
+        )
+        recv_pkts = self.send_and_expect(self.tra_if, pkts * 8, self.tra_if, n_rx=1)
         replay_count += 7
         self.assertEqual(self.get_replay_counts(p), replay_count)
 
@@ -584,12 +664,12 @@ class IpsecTra4(object):
         # now move the window over to 257 (more than one byte) and into Case A
         #
         self.vapi.cli("clear error")
-        pkt = (Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac,
-                     dst=self.tra_if.local_mac) /
-               p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4,
-                                         dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) /
-                                      ICMP(),
-                                      seq_num=257))
+        pkt = Ether(
+            src=self.tra_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tra_if.local_mac
+        ) / p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(
+            IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) / ICMP(),
+            seq_num=257,
+        )
         recv_pkts = self.send_and_expect(self.tra_if, [pkt], self.tra_if)
 
         # replayed packets are dropped
@@ -599,27 +679,29 @@ class IpsecTra4(object):
 
         # the window size is 64 packets
         # in window are still accepted
-        pkt = (Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac,
-                     dst=self.tra_if.local_mac) /
-               p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4,
-                                         dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) /
-                                      ICMP(),
-                                      seq_num=200))
+        pkt = Ether(
+            src=self.tra_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tra_if.local_mac
+        ) / p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(
+            IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) / ICMP(),
+            seq_num=200,
+        )
         recv_pkts = self.send_and_expect(self.tra_if, [pkt], self.tra_if)
 
         # a packet that does not decrypt does not move the window forward
-        bogus_sa = SecurityAssociation(self.encryption_type,
-                                       p.vpp_tra_spi,
-                                       crypt_algo=p.crypt_algo,
-                                       crypt_key=mk_scapy_crypt_key(p)[::-1],
-                                       auth_algo=p.auth_algo,
-                                       auth_key=p.auth_key[::-1])
-        pkt = (Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac,
-                     dst=self.tra_if.local_mac) /
-               bogus_sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4,
-                                   dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) /
-                                ICMP(),
-                                seq_num=350))
+        bogus_sa = SecurityAssociation(
+            self.encryption_type,
+            p.vpp_tra_spi,
+            crypt_algo=p.crypt_algo,
+            crypt_key=mk_scapy_crypt_key(p)[::-1],
+            auth_algo=p.auth_algo,
+            auth_key=p.auth_key[::-1],
+        )
+        pkt = Ether(
+            src=self.tra_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tra_if.local_mac
+        ) / bogus_sa.encrypt(
+            IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) / ICMP(),
+            seq_num=350,
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.tra_if, pkt * 17, timeout=0.2)
 
         hash_failed_count += 17
@@ -627,28 +709,26 @@ class IpsecTra4(object):
 
         # a malformed 'runt' packet
         #  created by a mis-constructed SA
-        if (ESP == self.encryption_type and p.crypt_algo != "NULL"):
-            bogus_sa = SecurityAssociation(self.encryption_type,
-                                           p.vpp_tra_spi)
-            pkt = (Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac,
-                         dst=self.tra_if.local_mac) /
-                   bogus_sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4,
-                                       dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) /
-                                    ICMP(),
-                                    seq_num=350))
+        if ESP == self.encryption_type and p.crypt_algo != "NULL":
+            bogus_sa = SecurityAssociation(self.encryption_type, p.vpp_tra_spi)
+            pkt = Ether(
+                src=self.tra_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tra_if.local_mac
+            ) / bogus_sa.encrypt(
+                IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) / ICMP(),
+                seq_num=350,
+            )
             self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.tra_if, pkt * 17, timeout=0.2)
 
             undersize_count += 17
-            self.assert_error_counter_equal(undersize_node_name,
-                                            undersize_count)
+            self.assert_error_counter_equal(undersize_node_name, undersize_count)
 
         # which we can determine since this packet is still in the window
-        pkt = (Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac,
-                     dst=self.tra_if.local_mac) /
-               p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4,
-                                         dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) /
-                                      ICMP(),
-                                      seq_num=234))
+        pkt = Ether(
+            src=self.tra_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tra_if.local_mac
+        ) / p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(
+            IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) / ICMP(),
+            seq_num=234,
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.tra_if, [pkt], self.tra_if)
 
         #
@@ -656,12 +736,12 @@ class IpsecTra4(object):
         #  this is Case B. So VPP will consider this to be a high seq num wrap
         #  and so the decrypt attempt will fail
         #
-        pkt = (Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac,
-                     dst=self.tra_if.local_mac) /
-               p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4,
-                                         dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) /
-                                      ICMP(),
-                                      seq_num=17))
+        pkt = Ether(
+            src=self.tra_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tra_if.local_mac
+        ) / p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(
+            IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) / ICMP(),
+            seq_num=17,
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.tra_if, pkt * 17, timeout=0.2)
 
         if esn_en:
@@ -675,12 +755,12 @@ class IpsecTra4(object):
             self.assertEqual(self.get_replay_counts(p), replay_count)
 
         # valid packet moves the window over to 258
-        pkt = (Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac,
-                     dst=self.tra_if.local_mac) /
-               p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4,
-                                         dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) /
-                                      ICMP(),
-                                      seq_num=258))
+        pkt = Ether(
+            src=self.tra_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tra_if.local_mac
+        ) / p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(
+            IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) / ICMP(),
+            seq_num=258,
+        )
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.tra_if, [pkt], self.tra_if)
         decrypted = p.vpp_tra_sa.decrypt(rx[0][IP])
 
@@ -694,13 +774,16 @@ class IpsecTra4(object):
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli("show ipsec sa 0"))
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli("show ipsec sa 1"))
 
-        pkts = [(Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.tra_if.local_mac) /
-                 p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4,
-                                           dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) /
-                                        ICMP(),
-                                        seq_num=seq))
-                for seq in range(259, 280)]
+        pkts = [
+            (
+                Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tra_if.local_mac)
+                / p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(
+                    IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) / ICMP(),
+                    seq_num=seq,
+                )
+            )
+            for seq in range(259, 280)
+        ]
 
         if esn_en:
             rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.tra_if, pkts, self.tra_if)
@@ -719,12 +802,12 @@ class IpsecTra4(object):
             # The low seq num we set it to will place VPP's RX window in Case A
             #
             p.scapy_tra_sa.seq_num = 0x100000005
-            pkt = (Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac,
-                         dst=self.tra_if.local_mac) /
-                   p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4,
-                                             dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) /
-                                          ICMP(),
-                                          seq_num=0x100000005))
+            pkt = Ether(
+                src=self.tra_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tra_if.local_mac
+            ) / p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(
+                IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) / ICMP(),
+                seq_num=0x100000005,
+            )
             rx = self.send_and_expect(self.tra_if, [pkt], self.tra_if)
 
             decrypted = p.vpp_tra_sa.decrypt(rx[0][IP])
@@ -733,13 +816,13 @@ class IpsecTra4(object):
             # A packet that has seq num between (2^32-64) and 5 is within
             # the window
             #
-            p.scapy_tra_sa.seq_num = 0xfffffffd
-            pkt = (Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac,
-                         dst=self.tra_if.local_mac) /
-                   p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4,
-                                             dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) /
-                                          ICMP(),
-                                          seq_num=0xfffffffd))
+            p.scapy_tra_sa.seq_num = 0xFFFFFFFD
+            pkt = Ether(
+                src=self.tra_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tra_if.local_mac
+            ) / p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(
+                IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) / ICMP(),
+                seq_num=0xFFFFFFFD,
+            )
             rx = self.send_and_expect(self.tra_if, [pkt], self.tra_if)
             decrypted = p.vpp_tra_sa.decrypt(rx[0][IP])
 
@@ -748,14 +831,15 @@ class IpsecTra4(object):
             # because VPP will consider this packet to be one that moves the
             # window forward
             #
-            pkt = (Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac,
-                         dst=self.tra_if.local_mac) /
-                   p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4,
-                                             dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) /
-                                          ICMP(),
-                                          seq_num=0x200000999))
-            self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.tra_if, [pkt], self.tra_if,
-                                            timeout=0.2)
+            pkt = Ether(
+                src=self.tra_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tra_if.local_mac
+            ) / p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(
+                IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) / ICMP(),
+                seq_num=0x200000999,
+            )
+            self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
+                self.tra_if, [pkt], self.tra_if, timeout=0.2
+            )
 
             hash_failed_count += 1
             self.assertEqual(self.get_hash_failed_counts(p), hash_failed_count)
@@ -765,22 +849,22 @@ class IpsecTra4(object):
             # again
             #
             p.scapy_tra_sa.seq_num = 0x100000555
-            pkt = (Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac,
-                         dst=self.tra_if.local_mac) /
-                   p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4,
-                                             dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) /
-                                          ICMP(),
-                                          seq_num=0x100000555))
+            pkt = Ether(
+                src=self.tra_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tra_if.local_mac
+            ) / p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(
+                IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) / ICMP(),
+                seq_num=0x100000555,
+            )
             rx = self.send_and_expect(self.tra_if, [pkt], self.tra_if)
             decrypted = p.vpp_tra_sa.decrypt(rx[0][IP])
 
             p.scapy_tra_sa.seq_num = 0x200000444
-            pkt = (Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac,
-                         dst=self.tra_if.local_mac) /
-                   p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4,
-                                             dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) /
-                                          ICMP(),
-                                          seq_num=0x200000444))
+            pkt = Ether(
+                src=self.tra_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tra_if.local_mac
+            ) / p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(
+                IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) / ICMP(),
+                seq_num=0x200000444,
+            )
             rx = self.send_and_expect(self.tra_if, [pkt], self.tra_if)
             decrypted = p.vpp_tra_sa.decrypt(rx[0][IP])
 
@@ -791,8 +875,7 @@ class IpsecTra4(object):
             #
             self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.tra_if, pkts, timeout=0.2)
             seq_cycle_count += len(pkts)
-            self.assert_error_counter_equal(seq_cycle_node_name,
-                                            seq_cycle_count)
+            self.assert_error_counter_equal(seq_cycle_node_name, seq_cycle_count)
 
         # move the security-associations seq number on to the last we used
         self.vapi.cli("test ipsec sa %d seq 0x15f" % p.scapy_tra_sa_id)
@@ -811,88 +894,109 @@ class IpsecTra4(object):
         # for reasons i haven't investigated Scapy won't create a packet with
         # seq_num=0
         #
-        pkts = [(Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.tra_if.local_mac) /
-                 p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4,
-                                           dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) /
-                                        ICMP(),
-                                        seq_num=seq))
-                for seq in range(1, 3)]
+        pkts = [
+            (
+                Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tra_if.local_mac)
+                / p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(
+                    IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) / ICMP(),
+                    seq_num=seq,
+                )
+            )
+            for seq in range(1, 3)
+        ]
         self.send_and_expect(self.tra_if, pkts, self.tra_if)
 
         self.assertEqual(p.tra_sa_out.get_lost(), 0)
 
         # skip a sequence number
-        pkts = [(Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.tra_if.local_mac) /
-                 p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4,
-                                           dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) /
-                                        ICMP(),
-                                        seq_num=seq))
-                for seq in range(4, 6)]
+        pkts = [
+            (
+                Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tra_if.local_mac)
+                / p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(
+                    IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) / ICMP(),
+                    seq_num=seq,
+                )
+            )
+            for seq in range(4, 6)
+        ]
         self.send_and_expect(self.tra_if, pkts, self.tra_if)
 
         self.assertEqual(p.tra_sa_out.get_lost(), 0)
 
         # the lost packet are counted untill we get up past the first
         # sizeof(replay_window) packets
-        pkts = [(Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.tra_if.local_mac) /
-                 p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4,
-                                           dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) /
-                                        ICMP(),
-                                        seq_num=seq))
-                for seq in range(6, 100)]
+        pkts = [
+            (
+                Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tra_if.local_mac)
+                / p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(
+                    IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) / ICMP(),
+                    seq_num=seq,
+                )
+            )
+            for seq in range(6, 100)
+        ]
         self.send_and_expect(self.tra_if, pkts, self.tra_if)
 
         self.assertEqual(p.tra_sa_out.get_lost(), 1)
 
         # lost of holes in the sequence
-        pkts = [(Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.tra_if.local_mac) /
-                 p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4,
-                                           dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) /
-                                        ICMP(),
-                                        seq_num=seq))
-                for seq in range(100, 200, 2)]
+        pkts = [
+            (
+                Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tra_if.local_mac)
+                / p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(
+                    IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) / ICMP(),
+                    seq_num=seq,
+                )
+            )
+            for seq in range(100, 200, 2)
+        ]
         self.send_and_expect(self.tra_if, pkts, self.tra_if, n_rx=50)
 
-        pkts = [(Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.tra_if.local_mac) /
-                 p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4,
-                                           dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) /
-                                        ICMP(),
-                                        seq_num=seq))
-                for seq in range(200, 300)]
+        pkts = [
+            (
+                Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tra_if.local_mac)
+                / p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(
+                    IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) / ICMP(),
+                    seq_num=seq,
+                )
+            )
+            for seq in range(200, 300)
+        ]
         self.send_and_expect(self.tra_if, pkts, self.tra_if)
 
         self.assertEqual(p.tra_sa_out.get_lost(), 51)
 
         # a big hole in the seq number space
-        pkts = [(Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.tra_if.local_mac) /
-                 p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4,
-                                           dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) /
-                                        ICMP(),
-                                        seq_num=seq))
-                for seq in range(400, 500)]
+        pkts = [
+            (
+                Ether(src=self.tra_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tra_if.local_mac)
+                / p.scapy_tra_sa.encrypt(
+                    IP(src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4) / ICMP(),
+                    seq_num=seq,
+                )
+            )
+            for seq in range(400, 500)
+        ]
         self.send_and_expect(self.tra_if, pkts, self.tra_if)
 
         self.assertEqual(p.tra_sa_out.get_lost(), 151)
 
     def verify_tra_basic4(self, count=1, payload_size=54):
-        """ ipsec v4 transport basic test """
+        """ipsec v4 transport basic test"""
         self.vapi.cli("clear errors")
         self.vapi.cli("clear ipsec sa")
         try:
             p = self.params[socket.AF_INET]
-            send_pkts = self.gen_encrypt_pkts(p, p.scapy_tra_sa, self.tra_if,
-                                              src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4,
-                                              dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4,
-                                              count=count,
-                                              payload_size=payload_size)
-            recv_pkts = self.send_and_expect(self.tra_if, send_pkts,
-                                             self.tra_if)
+            send_pkts = self.gen_encrypt_pkts(
+                p,
+                p.scapy_tra_sa,
+                self.tra_if,
+                src=self.tra_if.remote_ip4,
+                dst=self.tra_if.local_ip4,
+                count=count,
+                payload_size=payload_size,
+            )
+            recv_pkts = self.send_and_expect(self.tra_if, send_pkts, self.tra_if)
             for rx in recv_pkts:
                 self.assertEqual(len(rx) - len(Ether()), rx[IP].len)
                 self.assert_packet_checksums_valid(rx)
@@ -906,14 +1010,14 @@ class IpsecTra4(object):
             self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli("show error"))
             self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli("show ipsec all"))
 
-        pkts = p.tra_sa_in.get_stats()['packets']
-        self.assertEqual(pkts, count,
-                         "incorrect SA in counts: expected %d != %d" %
-                         (count, pkts))
-        pkts = p.tra_sa_out.get_stats()['packets']
-        self.assertEqual(pkts, count,
-                         "incorrect SA out counts: expected %d != %d" %
-                         (count, pkts))
+        pkts = p.tra_sa_in.get_stats()["packets"]
+        self.assertEqual(
+            pkts, count, "incorrect SA in counts: expected %d != %d" % (count, pkts)
+        )
+        pkts = p.tra_sa_out.get_stats()["packets"]
+        self.assertEqual(
+            pkts, count, "incorrect SA out counts: expected %d != %d" % (count, pkts)
+        )
         self.assertEqual(p.tra_sa_out.get_lost(), 0)
         self.assertEqual(p.tra_sa_in.get_lost(), 0)
 
@@ -922,41 +1026,45 @@ class IpsecTra4(object):
 
 
 class IpsecTra4Tests(IpsecTra4):
-    """ UT test methods for Transport v4 """
+    """UT test methods for Transport v4"""
+
     def test_tra_anti_replay(self):
-        """ ipsec v4 transport anti-replay test """
+        """ipsec v4 transport anti-replay test"""
         self.verify_tra_anti_replay()
 
     def test_tra_lost(self):
-        """ ipsec v4 transport lost packet test """
+        """ipsec v4 transport lost packet test"""
         self.verify_tra_lost()
 
     def test_tra_basic(self, count=1):
-        """ ipsec v4 transport basic test """
+        """ipsec v4 transport basic test"""
         self.verify_tra_basic4(count=1)
 
     def test_tra_burst(self):
-        """ ipsec v4 transport burst test """
+        """ipsec v4 transport burst test"""
         self.verify_tra_basic4(count=257)
 
 
 class IpsecTra6(object):
-    """ verify methods for Transport v6 """
+    """verify methods for Transport v6"""
+
     def verify_tra_basic6(self, count=1, payload_size=54):
         self.vapi.cli("clear errors")
         self.vapi.cli("clear ipsec sa")
         try:
             p = self.params[socket.AF_INET6]
-            send_pkts = self.gen_encrypt_pkts6(p, p.scapy_tra_sa, self.tra_if,
-                                               src=self.tra_if.remote_ip6,
-                                               dst=self.tra_if.local_ip6,
-                                               count=count,
-                                               payload_size=payload_size)
-            recv_pkts = self.send_and_expect(self.tra_if, send_pkts,
-                                             self.tra_if)
+            send_pkts = self.gen_encrypt_pkts6(
+                p,
+                p.scapy_tra_sa,
+                self.tra_if,
+                src=self.tra_if.remote_ip6,
+                dst=self.tra_if.local_ip6,
+                count=count,
+                payload_size=payload_size,
+            )
+            recv_pkts = self.send_and_expect(self.tra_if, send_pkts, self.tra_if)
             for rx in recv_pkts:
-                self.assertEqual(len(rx) - len(Ether()) - len(IPv6()),
-                                 rx[IPv6].plen)
+                self.assertEqual(len(rx) - len(Ether()) - len(IPv6()), rx[IPv6].plen)
                 try:
                     decrypted = p.vpp_tra_sa.decrypt(rx[IPv6])
                     self.assert_packet_checksums_valid(decrypted)
@@ -967,32 +1075,38 @@ class IpsecTra6(object):
             self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli("show error"))
             self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli("show ipsec all"))
 
-        pkts = p.tra_sa_in.get_stats()['packets']
-        self.assertEqual(pkts, count,
-                         "incorrect SA in counts: expected %d != %d" %
-                         (count, pkts))
-        pkts = p.tra_sa_out.get_stats()['packets']
-        self.assertEqual(pkts, count,
-                         "incorrect SA out counts: expected %d != %d" %
-                         (count, pkts))
+        pkts = p.tra_sa_in.get_stats()["packets"]
+        self.assertEqual(
+            pkts, count, "incorrect SA in counts: expected %d != %d" % (count, pkts)
+        )
+        pkts = p.tra_sa_out.get_stats()["packets"]
+        self.assertEqual(
+            pkts, count, "incorrect SA out counts: expected %d != %d" % (count, pkts)
+        )
         self.assert_packet_counter_equal(self.tra6_encrypt_node_name, count)
         self.assert_packet_counter_equal(self.tra6_decrypt_node_name[0], count)
 
-    def gen_encrypt_pkts_ext_hdrs6(self, sa, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1,
-                                   payload_size=54):
-        return [Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac) /
-                sa.encrypt(IPv6(src=src, dst=dst) /
-                           ICMPv6EchoRequest(id=0, seq=1,
-                                             data='X' * payload_size))
-                for i in range(count)]
+    def gen_encrypt_pkts_ext_hdrs6(
+        self, sa, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=54
+    ):
+        return [
+            Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac)
+            / sa.encrypt(
+                IPv6(src=src, dst=dst)
+                / ICMPv6EchoRequest(id=0, seq=1, data="X" * payload_size)
+            )
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
     def gen_pkts_ext_hdrs6(self, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=54):
-        return [Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac) /
-                IPv6(src=src, dst=dst) /
-                IPv6ExtHdrHopByHop() /
-                IPv6ExtHdrFragment(id=2, offset=200) /
-                Raw(b'\xff' * 200)
-                for i in range(count)]
+        return [
+            Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=src, dst=dst)
+            / IPv6ExtHdrHopByHop()
+            / IPv6ExtHdrFragment(id=2, offset=200)
+            / Raw(b"\xff" * 200)
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
     def verify_tra_encrypted6(self, p, sa, rxs):
         decrypted = []
@@ -1018,10 +1132,13 @@ class IpsecTra6(object):
         #
         # check we can decrypt with options
         #
-        tx = self.gen_encrypt_pkts_ext_hdrs6(p.scapy_tra_sa, self.tra_if,
-                                             src=self.tra_if.remote_ip6,
-                                             dst=self.tra_if.local_ip6,
-                                             count=count)
+        tx = self.gen_encrypt_pkts_ext_hdrs6(
+            p.scapy_tra_sa,
+            self.tra_if,
+            src=self.tra_if.remote_ip6,
+            dst=self.tra_if.local_ip6,
+            count=count,
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.tra_if, tx, self.tra_if)
 
         #
@@ -1030,11 +1147,12 @@ class IpsecTra6(object):
         #
 
         # one extension before ESP
-        tx = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac) /
-              IPv6(src=self.tra_if.local_ip6,
-                   dst=self.tra_if.remote_ip6) /
-              IPv6ExtHdrFragment(id=2, offset=200) /
-              Raw(b'\xff' * 200))
+        tx = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.tra_if.local_ip6, dst=self.tra_if.remote_ip6)
+            / IPv6ExtHdrFragment(id=2, offset=200)
+            / Raw(b"\xff" * 200)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, [tx], self.tra_if)
         dcs = self.verify_tra_encrypted6(p, p.vpp_tra_sa, rxs)
@@ -1047,12 +1165,13 @@ class IpsecTra6(object):
             self.assert_equal(dc[IPv6ExtHdrFragment].id, 2)
 
         # two extensions before ESP
-        tx = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac) /
-              IPv6(src=self.tra_if.local_ip6,
-                   dst=self.tra_if.remote_ip6) /
-              IPv6ExtHdrHopByHop() /
-              IPv6ExtHdrFragment(id=2, offset=200) /
-              Raw(b'\xff' * 200))
+        tx = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.tra_if.local_ip6, dst=self.tra_if.remote_ip6)
+            / IPv6ExtHdrHopByHop()
+            / IPv6ExtHdrFragment(id=2, offset=200)
+            / Raw(b"\xff" * 200)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, [tx], self.tra_if)
         dcs = self.verify_tra_encrypted6(p, p.vpp_tra_sa, rxs)
@@ -1063,13 +1182,14 @@ class IpsecTra6(object):
             self.assert_equal(dc[IPv6ExtHdrFragment].id, 2)
 
         # two extensions before ESP, one after
-        tx = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac) /
-              IPv6(src=self.tra_if.local_ip6,
-                   dst=self.tra_if.remote_ip6) /
-              IPv6ExtHdrHopByHop() /
-              IPv6ExtHdrFragment(id=2, offset=200) /
-              IPv6ExtHdrDestOpt() /
-              Raw(b'\xff' * 200))
+        tx = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.tra_if.local_ip6, dst=self.tra_if.remote_ip6)
+            / IPv6ExtHdrHopByHop()
+            / IPv6ExtHdrFragment(id=2, offset=200)
+            / IPv6ExtHdrDestOpt()
+            / Raw(b"\xff" * 200)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, [tx], self.tra_if)
         dcs = self.verify_tra_encrypted6(p, p.vpp_tra_sa, rxs)
@@ -1082,47 +1202,54 @@ class IpsecTra6(object):
 
 
 class IpsecTra6Tests(IpsecTra6):
-    """ UT test methods for Transport v6 """
+    """UT test methods for Transport v6"""
+
     def test_tra_basic6(self):
-        """ ipsec v6 transport basic test """
+        """ipsec v6 transport basic test"""
         self.verify_tra_basic6(count=1)
 
     def test_tra_burst6(self):
-        """ ipsec v6 transport burst test """
+        """ipsec v6 transport burst test"""
         self.verify_tra_basic6(count=257)
 
 
 class IpsecTra6ExtTests(IpsecTra6):
     def test_tra_ext_hdrs_66(self):
-        """ ipsec 6o6 tra extension headers test """
+        """ipsec 6o6 tra extension headers test"""
         self.verify_tra_66_ext_hdrs(self.params[socket.AF_INET6])
 
 
 class IpsecTra46Tests(IpsecTra4Tests, IpsecTra6Tests):
-    """ UT test methods for Transport v6 and v4"""
+    """UT test methods for Transport v6 and v4"""
+
     pass
 
 
 class IpsecTun4(object):
-    """ verify methods for Tunnel v4 """
+    """verify methods for Tunnel v4"""
+
     def verify_counters4(self, p, count, n_frags=None, worker=None):
         if not n_frags:
             n_frags = count
-        if (hasattr(p, "spd_policy_in_any")):
-            pkts = p.spd_policy_in_any.get_stats(worker)['packets']
-            self.assertEqual(pkts, count,
-                             "incorrect SPD any policy: expected %d != %d" %
-                             (count, pkts))
+        if hasattr(p, "spd_policy_in_any"):
+            pkts = p.spd_policy_in_any.get_stats(worker)["packets"]
+            self.assertEqual(
+                pkts,
+                count,
+                "incorrect SPD any policy: expected %d != %d" % (count, pkts),
+            )
 
-        if (hasattr(p, "tun_sa_in")):
-            pkts = p.tun_sa_in.get_stats(worker)['packets']
-            self.assertEqual(pkts, count,
-                             "incorrect SA in counts: expected %d != %d" %
-                             (count, pkts))
-            pkts = p.tun_sa_out.get_stats(worker)['packets']
-            self.assertEqual(pkts, n_frags,
-                             "incorrect SA out counts: expected %d != %d" %
-                             (count, pkts))
+        if hasattr(p, "tun_sa_in"):
+            pkts = p.tun_sa_in.get_stats(worker)["packets"]
+            self.assertEqual(
+                pkts, count, "incorrect SA in counts: expected %d != %d" % (count, pkts)
+            )
+            pkts = p.tun_sa_out.get_stats(worker)["packets"]
+            self.assertEqual(
+                pkts,
+                n_frags,
+                "incorrect SA out counts: expected %d != %d" % (count, pkts),
+            )
 
         self.assert_packet_counter_equal(self.tun4_encrypt_node_name, n_frags)
         self.assert_packet_counter_equal(self.tun4_decrypt_node_name[0], count)
@@ -1177,19 +1304,26 @@ class IpsecTun4(object):
         if not n_rx:
             n_rx = count
         try:
-            send_pkts = self.gen_encrypt_pkts(p, p.scapy_tun_sa, self.tun_if,
-                                              src=p.remote_tun_if_host,
-                                              dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                              count=count,
-                                              payload_size=payload_size)
+            send_pkts = self.gen_encrypt_pkts(
+                p,
+                p.scapy_tun_sa,
+                self.tun_if,
+                src=p.remote_tun_if_host,
+                dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+                count=count,
+                payload_size=payload_size,
+            )
             recv_pkts = self.send_and_expect(self.tun_if, send_pkts, self.pg1)
             self.verify_decrypted(p, recv_pkts)
 
-            send_pkts = self.gen_pkts(self.pg1, src=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                      dst=p.remote_tun_if_host, count=count,
-                                      payload_size=payload_size)
-            recv_pkts = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, send_pkts,
-                                             self.tun_if, n_rx)
+            send_pkts = self.gen_pkts(
+                self.pg1,
+                src=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+                dst=p.remote_tun_if_host,
+                count=count,
+                payload_size=payload_size,
+            )
+            recv_pkts = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, send_pkts, self.tun_if, n_rx)
             self.verify_encrypted(p, p.vpp_tun_sa, recv_pkts)
 
             for rx in recv_pkts:
@@ -1209,15 +1343,23 @@ class IpsecTun4(object):
         if not n_rx:
             n_rx = count
         try:
-            send_pkts = self.gen_encrypt_pkts(p, p.scapy_tun_sa, self.tun_if,
-                                              src=p.remote_tun_if_host,
-                                              dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                              count=count)
+            send_pkts = self.gen_encrypt_pkts(
+                p,
+                p.scapy_tun_sa,
+                self.tun_if,
+                src=p.remote_tun_if_host,
+                dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+                count=count,
+            )
             self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.tun_if, send_pkts)
 
-            send_pkts = self.gen_pkts(self.pg1, src=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                      dst=p.remote_tun_if_host, count=count,
-                                      payload_size=payload_size)
+            send_pkts = self.gen_pkts(
+                self.pg1,
+                src=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+                dst=p.remote_tun_if_host,
+                count=count,
+                payload_size=payload_size,
+            )
             self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg1, send_pkts)
 
         finally:
@@ -1227,23 +1369,27 @@ class IpsecTun4(object):
     def verify_tun_reass_44(self, p):
         self.vapi.cli("clear errors")
         self.vapi.ip_reassembly_enable_disable(
-            sw_if_index=self.tun_if.sw_if_index, enable_ip4=True)
+            sw_if_index=self.tun_if.sw_if_index, enable_ip4=True
+        )
 
         try:
-            send_pkts = self.gen_encrypt_pkts(p, p.scapy_tun_sa, self.tun_if,
-                                              src=p.remote_tun_if_host,
-                                              dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                              payload_size=1900,
-                                              count=1)
+            send_pkts = self.gen_encrypt_pkts(
+                p,
+                p.scapy_tun_sa,
+                self.tun_if,
+                src=p.remote_tun_if_host,
+                dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+                payload_size=1900,
+                count=1,
+            )
             send_pkts = fragment_rfc791(send_pkts[0], 1400)
-            recv_pkts = self.send_and_expect(self.tun_if, send_pkts,
-                                             self.pg1, n_rx=1)
+            recv_pkts = self.send_and_expect(self.tun_if, send_pkts, self.pg1, n_rx=1)
             self.verify_decrypted(p, recv_pkts)
 
-            send_pkts = self.gen_pkts(self.pg1, src=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                      dst=p.remote_tun_if_host, count=1)
-            recv_pkts = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, send_pkts,
-                                             self.tun_if)
+            send_pkts = self.gen_pkts(
+                self.pg1, src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=p.remote_tun_if_host, count=1
+            )
+            recv_pkts = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, send_pkts, self.tun_if)
             self.verify_encrypted(p, p.vpp_tun_sa, recv_pkts)
 
         finally:
@@ -1252,23 +1398,33 @@ class IpsecTun4(object):
 
         self.verify_counters4(p, 1, 1)
         self.vapi.ip_reassembly_enable_disable(
-            sw_if_index=self.tun_if.sw_if_index, enable_ip4=False)
+            sw_if_index=self.tun_if.sw_if_index, enable_ip4=False
+        )
 
     def verify_tun_64(self, p, count=1):
         self.vapi.cli("clear errors")
         self.vapi.cli("clear ipsec sa")
         try:
-            send_pkts = self.gen_encrypt_pkts6(p, p.scapy_tun_sa, self.tun_if,
-                                               src=p.remote_tun_if_host6,
-                                               dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                                               count=count)
+            send_pkts = self.gen_encrypt_pkts6(
+                p,
+                p.scapy_tun_sa,
+                self.tun_if,
+                src=p.remote_tun_if_host6,
+                dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
+                count=count,
+            )
             recv_pkts = self.send_and_expect(self.tun_if, send_pkts, self.pg1)
             for recv_pkt in recv_pkts:
                 self.assert_equal(recv_pkt[IPv6].src, p.remote_tun_if_host6)
                 self.assert_equal(recv_pkt[IPv6].dst, self.pg1.remote_ip6)
                 self.assert_packet_checksums_valid(recv_pkt)
-            send_pkts = self.gen_pkts6(p, self.pg1, src=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                                       dst=p.remote_tun_if_host6, count=count)
+            send_pkts = self.gen_pkts6(
+                p,
+                self.pg1,
+                src=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
+                dst=p.remote_tun_if_host6,
+                count=count,
+            )
             recv_pkts = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, send_pkts, self.tun_if)
             for recv_pkt in recv_pkts:
                 try:
@@ -1281,8 +1437,7 @@ class IpsecTun4(object):
                 except:
                     self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected packet:", recv_pkt))
                     try:
-                        self.logger.debug(
-                            ppp("Decrypted packet:", decrypt_pkt))
+                        self.logger.debug(ppp("Decrypted packet:", decrypt_pkt))
                     except:
                         pass
                     raise
@@ -1295,37 +1450,43 @@ class IpsecTun4(object):
     def verify_keepalive(self, p):
         # the sizeof Raw is calculated to pad to the minimum ehternet
         # frame size of 64 btyes
-        pkt = (Ether(src=self.tun_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tun_if.local_mac) /
-               IP(src=p.remote_tun_if_host, dst=self.tun_if.local_ip4) /
-               UDP(sport=333, dport=4500) /
-               Raw(b'\xff') /
-               Padding(0 * 21))
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.tun_if, pkt*31)
+        pkt = (
+            Ether(src=self.tun_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tun_if.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=p.remote_tun_if_host, dst=self.tun_if.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=333, dport=4500)
+            / Raw(b"\xff")
+            / Padding(0 * 21)
+        )
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.tun_if, pkt * 31)
         self.assert_error_counter_equal(
-            '/err/%s/NAT Keepalive' % self.tun4_input_node, 31)
+            "/err/%s/NAT Keepalive" % self.tun4_input_node, 31
+        )
 
-        pkt = (Ether(src=self.tun_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tun_if.local_mac) /
-               IP(src=p.remote_tun_if_host, dst=self.tun_if.local_ip4) /
-               UDP(sport=333, dport=4500) /
-               Raw(b'\xfe'))
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.tun_if, pkt*31)
-        self.assert_error_counter_equal(
-            '/err/%s/Too Short' % self.tun4_input_node, 31)
+        pkt = (
+            Ether(src=self.tun_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tun_if.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=p.remote_tun_if_host, dst=self.tun_if.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=333, dport=4500)
+            / Raw(b"\xfe")
+        )
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.tun_if, pkt * 31)
+        self.assert_error_counter_equal("/err/%s/Too Short" % self.tun4_input_node, 31)
 
-        pkt = (Ether(src=self.tun_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tun_if.local_mac) /
-               IP(src=p.remote_tun_if_host, dst=self.tun_if.local_ip4) /
-               UDP(sport=333, dport=4500) /
-               Raw(b'\xfe') /
-               Padding(0 * 21))
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.tun_if, pkt*31)
-        self.assert_error_counter_equal(
-            '/err/%s/Too Short' % self.tun4_input_node, 62)
+        pkt = (
+            Ether(src=self.tun_if.remote_mac, dst=self.tun_if.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=p.remote_tun_if_host, dst=self.tun_if.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=333, dport=4500)
+            / Raw(b"\xfe")
+            / Padding(0 * 21)
+        )
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.tun_if, pkt * 31)
+        self.assert_error_counter_equal("/err/%s/Too Short" % self.tun4_input_node, 62)
 
 
 class IpsecTun4Tests(IpsecTun4):
-    """ UT test methods for Tunnel v4 """
+    """UT test methods for Tunnel v4"""
+
     def test_tun_basic44(self):
-        """ ipsec 4o4 tunnel basic test """
+        """ipsec 4o4 tunnel basic test"""
         self.verify_tun_44(self.params[socket.AF_INET], count=1)
         self.tun_if.admin_down()
         self.tun_if.resolve_arp()
@@ -1333,27 +1494,30 @@ class IpsecTun4Tests(IpsecTun4):
         self.verify_tun_44(self.params[socket.AF_INET], count=1)
 
     def test_tun_reass_basic44(self):
-        """ ipsec 4o4 tunnel basic reassembly test """
+        """ipsec 4o4 tunnel basic reassembly test"""
         self.verify_tun_reass_44(self.params[socket.AF_INET])
 
     def test_tun_burst44(self):
-        """ ipsec 4o4 tunnel burst test """
+        """ipsec 4o4 tunnel burst test"""
         self.verify_tun_44(self.params[socket.AF_INET], count=127)
 
 
 class IpsecTun6(object):
-    """ verify methods for Tunnel v6 """
+    """verify methods for Tunnel v6"""
+
     def verify_counters6(self, p_in, p_out, count, worker=None):
-        if (hasattr(p_in, "tun_sa_in")):
-            pkts = p_in.tun_sa_in.get_stats(worker)['packets']
-            self.assertEqual(pkts, count,
-                             "incorrect SA in counts: expected %d != %d" %
-                             (count, pkts))
-        if (hasattr(p_out, "tun_sa_out")):
-            pkts = p_out.tun_sa_out.get_stats(worker)['packets']
-            self.assertEqual(pkts, count,
-                             "incorrect SA out counts: expected %d != %d" %
-                             (count, pkts))
+        if hasattr(p_in, "tun_sa_in"):
+            pkts = p_in.tun_sa_in.get_stats(worker)["packets"]
+            self.assertEqual(
+                pkts, count, "incorrect SA in counts: expected %d != %d" % (count, pkts)
+            )
+        if hasattr(p_out, "tun_sa_out"):
+            pkts = p_out.tun_sa_out.get_stats(worker)["packets"]
+            self.assertEqual(
+                pkts,
+                count,
+                "incorrect SA out counts: expected %d != %d" % (count, pkts),
+            )
         self.assert_packet_counter_equal(self.tun6_encrypt_node_name, count)
         self.assert_packet_counter_equal(self.tun6_decrypt_node_name[0], count)
 
@@ -1366,8 +1530,7 @@ class IpsecTun6(object):
     def verify_encrypted6(self, p, sa, rxs):
         for rx in rxs:
             self.assert_packet_checksums_valid(rx)
-            self.assertEqual(len(rx) - len(Ether()) - len(IPv6()),
-                             rx[IPv6].plen)
+            self.assertEqual(len(rx) - len(Ether()) - len(IPv6()), rx[IPv6].plen)
             self.assert_equal(rx[IPv6].hlim, p.outer_hop_limit)
             if p.outer_flow_label:
                 self.assert_equal(rx[IPv6].fl, p.outer_flow_label)
@@ -1392,9 +1555,14 @@ class IpsecTun6(object):
         self.vapi.cli("clear errors")
         self.vapi.cli("clear ipsec sa")
 
-        send_pkts = self.gen_pkts6(p_in, self.pg1, src=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                                   dst=p_in.remote_tun_if_host, count=count,
-                                   payload_size=payload_size)
+        send_pkts = self.gen_pkts6(
+            p_in,
+            self.pg1,
+            src=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
+            dst=p_in.remote_tun_if_host,
+            count=count,
+            payload_size=payload_size,
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.tun_if, send_pkts)
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh punt stats"))
 
@@ -1402,18 +1570,19 @@ class IpsecTun6(object):
         self.vapi.cli("clear errors")
         self.vapi.cli("clear ipsec sa")
 
-        send_pkts = self.gen_encrypt_pkts6(p_in, p_in.scapy_tun_sa,
-                                           self.tun_if,
-                                           src=p_in.remote_tun_if_host,
-                                           dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                                           count=count)
+        send_pkts = self.gen_encrypt_pkts6(
+            p_in,
+            p_in.scapy_tun_sa,
+            self.tun_if,
+            src=p_in.remote_tun_if_host,
+            dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
+            count=count,
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.tun_if, send_pkts)
 
     def verify_drop_tun_66(self, p_in, count=1, payload_size=64):
-        self.verify_drop_tun_tx_66(p_in, count=count,
-                                   payload_size=payload_size)
-        self.verify_drop_tun_rx_66(p_in, count=count,
-                                   payload_size=payload_size)
+        self.verify_drop_tun_tx_66(p_in, count=count, payload_size=payload_size)
+        self.verify_drop_tun_rx_66(p_in, count=count, payload_size=payload_size)
 
     def verify_tun_66(self, p_in, p_out=None, count=1, payload_size=64):
         self.vapi.cli("clear errors")
@@ -1421,19 +1590,26 @@ class IpsecTun6(object):
         if not p_out:
             p_out = p_in
         try:
-            send_pkts = self.gen_encrypt_pkts6(p_in, p_in.scapy_tun_sa,
-                                               self.tun_if,
-                                               src=p_in.remote_tun_if_host,
-                                               dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                                               count=count,
-                                               payload_size=payload_size)
+            send_pkts = self.gen_encrypt_pkts6(
+                p_in,
+                p_in.scapy_tun_sa,
+                self.tun_if,
+                src=p_in.remote_tun_if_host,
+                dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
+                count=count,
+                payload_size=payload_size,
+            )
             recv_pkts = self.send_and_expect(self.tun_if, send_pkts, self.pg1)
             self.verify_decrypted6(p_in, recv_pkts)
 
-            send_pkts = self.gen_pkts6(p_in, self.pg1, src=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                                       dst=p_out.remote_tun_if_host,
-                                       count=count,
-                                       payload_size=payload_size)
+            send_pkts = self.gen_pkts6(
+                p_in,
+                self.pg1,
+                src=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
+                dst=p_out.remote_tun_if_host,
+                count=count,
+                payload_size=payload_size,
+            )
             recv_pkts = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, send_pkts, self.tun_if)
             self.verify_encrypted6(p_out, p_out.vpp_tun_sa, recv_pkts)
 
@@ -1449,50 +1625,65 @@ class IpsecTun6(object):
     def verify_tun_reass_66(self, p):
         self.vapi.cli("clear errors")
         self.vapi.ip_reassembly_enable_disable(
-            sw_if_index=self.tun_if.sw_if_index, enable_ip6=True)
+            sw_if_index=self.tun_if.sw_if_index, enable_ip6=True
+        )
 
         try:
-            send_pkts = self.gen_encrypt_pkts6(p, p.scapy_tun_sa, self.tun_if,
-                                               src=p.remote_tun_if_host,
-                                               dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                                               count=1,
-                                               payload_size=1850)
+            send_pkts = self.gen_encrypt_pkts6(
+                p,
+                p.scapy_tun_sa,
+                self.tun_if,
+                src=p.remote_tun_if_host,
+                dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
+                count=1,
+                payload_size=1850,
+            )
             send_pkts = fragment_rfc8200(send_pkts[0], 1, 1400, self.logger)
-            recv_pkts = self.send_and_expect(self.tun_if, send_pkts,
-                                             self.pg1, n_rx=1)
+            recv_pkts = self.send_and_expect(self.tun_if, send_pkts, self.pg1, n_rx=1)
             self.verify_decrypted6(p, recv_pkts)
 
-            send_pkts = self.gen_pkts6(p, self.pg1, src=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                                       dst=p.remote_tun_if_host,
-                                       count=1,
-                                       payload_size=64)
-            recv_pkts = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, send_pkts,
-                                             self.tun_if)
+            send_pkts = self.gen_pkts6(
+                p,
+                self.pg1,
+                src=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
+                dst=p.remote_tun_if_host,
+                count=1,
+                payload_size=64,
+            )
+            recv_pkts = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, send_pkts, self.tun_if)
             self.verify_encrypted6(p, p.vpp_tun_sa, recv_pkts)
         finally:
             self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli("show error"))
             self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli("show ipsec all"))
         self.verify_counters6(p, p, 1)
         self.vapi.ip_reassembly_enable_disable(
-            sw_if_index=self.tun_if.sw_if_index, enable_ip6=False)
+            sw_if_index=self.tun_if.sw_if_index, enable_ip6=False
+        )
 
     def verify_tun_46(self, p, count=1):
-        """ ipsec 4o6 tunnel basic test """
+        """ipsec 4o6 tunnel basic test"""
         self.vapi.cli("clear errors")
         self.vapi.cli("clear ipsec sa")
         try:
-            send_pkts = self.gen_encrypt_pkts(p, p.scapy_tun_sa, self.tun_if,
-                                              src=p.remote_tun_if_host4,
-                                              dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                              count=count)
+            send_pkts = self.gen_encrypt_pkts(
+                p,
+                p.scapy_tun_sa,
+                self.tun_if,
+                src=p.remote_tun_if_host4,
+                dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+                count=count,
+            )
             recv_pkts = self.send_and_expect(self.tun_if, send_pkts, self.pg1)
             for recv_pkt in recv_pkts:
                 self.assert_equal(recv_pkt[IP].src, p.remote_tun_if_host4)
                 self.assert_equal(recv_pkt[IP].dst, self.pg1.remote_ip4)
                 self.assert_packet_checksums_valid(recv_pkt)
-            send_pkts = self.gen_pkts(self.pg1, src=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                      dst=p.remote_tun_if_host4,
-                                      count=count)
+            send_pkts = self.gen_pkts(
+                self.pg1,
+                src=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+                dst=p.remote_tun_if_host4,
+                count=count,
+            )
             recv_pkts = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, send_pkts, self.tun_if)
             for recv_pkt in recv_pkts:
                 try:
@@ -1505,8 +1696,7 @@ class IpsecTun6(object):
                 except:
                     self.logger.debug(ppp("Unexpected packet:", recv_pkt))
                     try:
-                        self.logger.debug(ppp("Decrypted packet:",
-                                              decrypt_pkt))
+                        self.logger.debug(ppp("Decrypted packet:", decrypt_pkt))
                     except:
                         pass
                     raise
@@ -1517,27 +1707,28 @@ class IpsecTun6(object):
 
 
 class IpsecTun6Tests(IpsecTun6):
-    """ UT test methods for Tunnel v6 """
+    """UT test methods for Tunnel v6"""
 
     def test_tun_basic66(self):
-        """ ipsec 6o6 tunnel basic test """
+        """ipsec 6o6 tunnel basic test"""
         self.verify_tun_66(self.params[socket.AF_INET6], count=1)
 
     def test_tun_reass_basic66(self):
-        """ ipsec 6o6 tunnel basic reassembly test """
+        """ipsec 6o6 tunnel basic reassembly test"""
         self.verify_tun_reass_66(self.params[socket.AF_INET6])
 
     def test_tun_burst66(self):
-        """ ipsec 6o6 tunnel burst test """
+        """ipsec 6o6 tunnel burst test"""
         self.verify_tun_66(self.params[socket.AF_INET6], count=257)
 
 
 class IpsecTun6HandoffTests(IpsecTun6):
-    """ UT test methods for Tunnel v6 with multiple workers """
+    """UT test methods for Tunnel v6 with multiple workers"""
+
     vpp_worker_count = 2
 
     def test_tun_handoff_66(self):
-        """ ipsec 6o6 tunnel worker hand-off test """
+        """ipsec 6o6 tunnel worker hand-off test"""
         self.vapi.cli("clear errors")
         self.vapi.cli("clear ipsec sa")
 
@@ -1547,31 +1738,42 @@ class IpsecTun6HandoffTests(IpsecTun6):
         # inject alternately on worker 0 and 1. all counts on the SA
         # should be against worker 0
         for worker in [0, 1, 0, 1]:
-            send_pkts = self.gen_encrypt_pkts6(p, p.scapy_tun_sa, self.tun_if,
-                                               src=p.remote_tun_if_host,
-                                               dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                                               count=N_PKTS)
-            recv_pkts = self.send_and_expect(self.tun_if, send_pkts,
-                                             self.pg1, worker=worker)
+            send_pkts = self.gen_encrypt_pkts6(
+                p,
+                p.scapy_tun_sa,
+                self.tun_if,
+                src=p.remote_tun_if_host,
+                dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
+                count=N_PKTS,
+            )
+            recv_pkts = self.send_and_expect(
+                self.tun_if, send_pkts, self.pg1, worker=worker
+            )
             self.verify_decrypted6(p, recv_pkts)
 
-            send_pkts = self.gen_pkts6(p, self.pg1, src=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                                       dst=p.remote_tun_if_host,
-                                       count=N_PKTS)
-            recv_pkts = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, send_pkts,
-                                             self.tun_if, worker=worker)
+            send_pkts = self.gen_pkts6(
+                p,
+                self.pg1,
+                src=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
+                dst=p.remote_tun_if_host,
+                count=N_PKTS,
+            )
+            recv_pkts = self.send_and_expect(
+                self.pg1, send_pkts, self.tun_if, worker=worker
+            )
             self.verify_encrypted6(p, p.vpp_tun_sa, recv_pkts)
 
         # all counts against the first worker that was used
-        self.verify_counters6(p, p, 4*N_PKTS, worker=0)
+        self.verify_counters6(p, p, 4 * N_PKTS, worker=0)
 
 
 class IpsecTun4HandoffTests(IpsecTun4):
-    """ UT test methods for Tunnel v4 with multiple workers """
+    """UT test methods for Tunnel v4 with multiple workers"""
+
     vpp_worker_count = 2
 
     def test_tun_handooff_44(self):
-        """ ipsec 4o4 tunnel worker hand-off test """
+        """ipsec 4o4 tunnel worker hand-off test"""
         self.vapi.cli("clear errors")
         self.vapi.cli("clear ipsec sa")
 
@@ -1581,32 +1783,43 @@ class IpsecTun4HandoffTests(IpsecTun4):
         # inject alternately on worker 0 and 1. all counts on the SA
         # should be against worker 0
         for worker in [0, 1, 0, 1]:
-            send_pkts = self.gen_encrypt_pkts(p, p.scapy_tun_sa, self.tun_if,
-                                              src=p.remote_tun_if_host,
-                                              dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                              count=N_PKTS)
-            recv_pkts = self.send_and_expect(self.tun_if, send_pkts,
-                                             self.pg1, worker=worker)
+            send_pkts = self.gen_encrypt_pkts(
+                p,
+                p.scapy_tun_sa,
+                self.tun_if,
+                src=p.remote_tun_if_host,
+                dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+                count=N_PKTS,
+            )
+            recv_pkts = self.send_and_expect(
+                self.tun_if, send_pkts, self.pg1, worker=worker
+            )
             self.verify_decrypted(p, recv_pkts)
 
-            send_pkts = self.gen_pkts(self.pg1, src=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                      dst=p.remote_tun_if_host,
-                                      count=N_PKTS)
-            recv_pkts = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, send_pkts,
-                                             self.tun_if, worker=worker)
+            send_pkts = self.gen_pkts(
+                self.pg1,
+                src=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+                dst=p.remote_tun_if_host,
+                count=N_PKTS,
+            )
+            recv_pkts = self.send_and_expect(
+                self.pg1, send_pkts, self.tun_if, worker=worker
+            )
             self.verify_encrypted(p, p.vpp_tun_sa, recv_pkts)
 
         # all counts against the first worker that was used
-        self.verify_counters4(p, 4*N_PKTS, worker=0)
+        self.verify_counters4(p, 4 * N_PKTS, worker=0)
 
 
 class IpsecTun46Tests(IpsecTun4Tests, IpsecTun6Tests):
-    """ UT test methods for Tunnel v6 & v4 """
+    """UT test methods for Tunnel v6 & v4"""
+
     pass
 
 
 class IPSecIPv4Fwd(VppTestCase):
-    """ Test IPSec by capturing and verifying IPv4 forwarded pkts """
+    """Test IPSec by capturing and verifying IPv4 forwarded pkts"""
+
     @classmethod
     def setUpConstants(cls):
         super(IPSecIPv4Fwd, cls).setUpConstants()
@@ -1664,9 +1877,18 @@ class IPSecIPv4Fwd(VppTestCase):
         else:
             raise Exception("Invalid policy type: %s", policy_type)
 
-    def spd_add_rem_policy(self, spd_id, src_if, dst_if,
-                           proto, is_out, priority, policy_type,
-                           remove=False, all_ips=False):
+    def spd_add_rem_policy(
+        self,
+        spd_id,
+        src_if,
+        dst_if,
+        proto,
+        is_out,
+        priority,
+        policy_type,
+        remove=False,
+        all_ips=False,
+    ):
         spd = VppIpsecSpd(self, spd_id)
 
         if all_ips:
@@ -1680,17 +1902,21 @@ class IPSecIPv4Fwd(VppTestCase):
             dst_range_low = dst_if.remote_ip4
             dst_range_high = dst_if.remote_ip4
 
-        spdEntry = VppIpsecSpdEntry(self, spd, 0,
-                                    src_range_low,
-                                    src_range_high,
-                                    dst_range_low,
-                                    dst_range_high,
-                                    proto,
-                                    priority=priority,
-                                    policy=self.get_policy(policy_type),
-                                    is_outbound=is_out)
+        spdEntry = VppIpsecSpdEntry(
+            self,
+            spd,
+            0,
+            src_range_low,
+            src_range_high,
+            dst_range_low,
+            dst_range_high,
+            proto,
+            priority=priority,
+            policy=self.get_policy(policy_type),
+            is_outbound=is_out,
+        )
 
-        if(remove is False):
+        if remove is False:
             spdEntry.add_vpp_config()
             self.spd_policies.append(spdEntry)
         else:
@@ -1699,8 +1925,7 @@ class IPSecIPv4Fwd(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli("show ipsec all"))
         return spdEntry
 
-    def create_stream(self, src_if, dst_if, pkt_count,
-                      src_prt=1234, dst_prt=5678):
+    def create_stream(self, src_if, dst_if, pkt_count, src_prt=1234, dst_prt=5678):
         packets = []
         for i in range(pkt_count):
             # create packet info stored in the test case instance
@@ -1708,10 +1933,12 @@ class IPSecIPv4Fwd(VppTestCase):
             # convert the info into packet payload
             payload = self.info_to_payload(info)
             # create the packet itself
-            p = (Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac) /
-                 IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_if.remote_ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=src_prt, dport=dst_prt) /
-                 Raw(payload))
+            p = (
+                Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac)
+                / IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_if.remote_ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=src_prt, dport=dst_prt)
+                / Raw(payload)
+            )
             # store a copy of the packet in the packet info
             info.data = p.copy()
             # append the packet to the list
@@ -1728,43 +1955,41 @@ class IPSecIPv4Fwd(VppTestCase):
                 # convert the payload to packet info object
                 payload_info = self.payload_to_info(packet)
                 # make sure the indexes match
-                self.assert_equal(payload_info.src, src_if.sw_if_index,
-                                  "source sw_if_index")
-                self.assert_equal(payload_info.dst, dst_if.sw_if_index,
-                                  "destination sw_if_index")
+                self.assert_equal(
+                    payload_info.src, src_if.sw_if_index, "source sw_if_index"
+                )
+                self.assert_equal(
+                    payload_info.dst, dst_if.sw_if_index, "destination sw_if_index"
+                )
                 packet_info = self.get_next_packet_info_for_interface2(
-                                src_if.sw_if_index,
-                                dst_if.sw_if_index,
-                                packet_info)
+                    src_if.sw_if_index, dst_if.sw_if_index, packet_info
+                )
                 # make sure we didn't run out of saved packets
                 self.assertIsNotNone(packet_info)
-                self.assert_equal(payload_info.index, packet_info.index,
-                                  "packet info index")
+                self.assert_equal(
+                    payload_info.index, packet_info.index, "packet info index"
+                )
                 saved_packet = packet_info.data  # fetch the saved packet
                 # assert the values match
-                self.assert_equal(ip.src, saved_packet[IP].src,
-                                  "IP source address")
+                self.assert_equal(ip.src, saved_packet[IP].src, "IP source address")
                 # ... more assertions here
-                self.assert_equal(udp.sport, saved_packet[UDP].sport,
-                                  "UDP source port")
+                self.assert_equal(udp.sport, saved_packet[UDP].sport, "UDP source port")
             except Exception as e:
-                self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:",
-                                  packet))
+                self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:", packet))
                 raise
         remaining_packet = self.get_next_packet_info_for_interface2(
-                src_if.sw_if_index,
-                dst_if.sw_if_index,
-                packet_info)
-        self.assertIsNone(remaining_packet,
-                          "Interface %s: Packet expected from interface "
-                          "%s didn't arrive" % (dst_if.name, src_if.name))
+            src_if.sw_if_index, dst_if.sw_if_index, packet_info
+        )
+        self.assertIsNone(
+            remaining_packet,
+            "Interface %s: Packet expected from interface "
+            "%s didn't arrive" % (dst_if.name, src_if.name),
+        )
 
     def verify_policy_match(self, pkt_count, spdEntry):
-        self.logger.info(
-            "XXXX %s %s", str(spdEntry), str(spdEntry.get_stats()))
-        matched_pkts = spdEntry.get_stats().get('packets')
-        self.logger.info(
-            "Policy %s matched: %d pkts", str(spdEntry), matched_pkts)
+        self.logger.info("XXXX %s %s", str(spdEntry), str(spdEntry.get_stats()))
+        matched_pkts = spdEntry.get_stats().get("packets")
+        self.logger.info("Policy %s matched: %d pkts", str(spdEntry), matched_pkts)
         self.assert_equal(pkt_count, matched_pkts)
 
 
@@ -1786,43 +2011,52 @@ class SpdFlowCacheTemplate(IPSecIPv4Fwd):
         super(SpdFlowCacheTemplate, self).tearDown()
 
     def get_spd_flow_cache_entries(self, outbound):
-        """ 'show ipsec spd' output:
+        """'show ipsec spd' output:
         ipv4-inbound-spd-flow-cache-entries: 0
         ipv4-outbound-spd-flow-cache-entries: 0
         """
         show_ipsec_reply = self.vapi.cli("show ipsec spd")
         # match the relevant section of 'show ipsec spd' output
-        if(outbound):
+        if outbound:
             regex_match = re.search(
-                'ipv4-outbound-spd-flow-cache-entries: (.*)',
-                show_ipsec_reply, re.DOTALL)
+                "ipv4-outbound-spd-flow-cache-entries: (.*)",
+                show_ipsec_reply,
+                re.DOTALL,
+            )
         else:
             regex_match = re.search(
-                'ipv4-inbound-spd-flow-cache-entries: (.*)',
-                show_ipsec_reply, re.DOTALL)
+                "ipv4-inbound-spd-flow-cache-entries: (.*)", show_ipsec_reply, re.DOTALL
+            )
         if regex_match is None:
-            raise Exception("Unable to find spd flow cache entries \
-                in \'show ipsec spd\' CLI output - regex failed to match")
+            raise Exception(
+                "Unable to find spd flow cache entries \
+                in 'show ipsec spd' CLI output - regex failed to match"
+            )
         else:
             try:
                 num_entries = int(regex_match.group(1))
             except ValueError:
-                raise Exception("Unable to get spd flow cache entries \
-                from \'show ipsec spd\' string: %s", regex_match.group(0))
+                raise Exception(
+                    "Unable to get spd flow cache entries \
+                from 'show ipsec spd' string: %s",
+                    regex_match.group(0),
+                )
             self.logger.info("%s", regex_match.group(0))
         return num_entries
 
     def verify_num_outbound_flow_cache_entries(self, expected_elements):
-        self.assertEqual(self.get_spd_flow_cache_entries(outbound=True),
-                         expected_elements)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self.get_spd_flow_cache_entries(outbound=True), expected_elements
+        )
 
     def verify_num_inbound_flow_cache_entries(self, expected_elements):
-        self.assertEqual(self.get_spd_flow_cache_entries(outbound=False),
-                         expected_elements)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self.get_spd_flow_cache_entries(outbound=False), expected_elements
+        )
 
     def crc32_supported(self):
         # lscpu is part of util-linux package, available on all Linux Distros
-        stream = os.popen('lscpu')
+        stream = os.popen("lscpu")
         cpu_info = stream.read()
         # feature/flag "crc32" on Aarch64 and "sse4_2" on x86
         # see vppinfra/crc32.h
@@ -1833,5 +2067,6 @@ class SpdFlowCacheTemplate(IPSecIPv4Fwd):
             self.logger.info("\ncrc32 NOT supported:\n" + cpu_info)
             return False
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_abf.py b/test/test_abf.py
index 097476b879a..856d02a8185 100644
--- a/test/test_abf.py
+++ b/test/test_abf.py
@@ -5,8 +5,13 @@ import unittest
 
 from framework import VppTestCase, VppTestRunner
 from vpp_ip import DpoProto
-from vpp_ip_route import VppIpRoute, VppRoutePath, VppMplsLabel, \
-    VppIpTable, FibPathProto
+from vpp_ip_route import (
+    VppIpRoute,
+    VppRoutePath,
+    VppMplsLabel,
+    VppIpTable,
+    FibPathProto,
+)
 from vpp_acl import AclRule, VppAcl
 
 from scapy.packet import Raw
@@ -31,19 +36,13 @@ def find_abf_policy(test, id):
 def find_abf_itf_attach(test, id, sw_if_index):
     attachs = test.vapi.abf_itf_attach_dump()
     for a in attachs:
-        if id == a.attach.policy_id and \
-           sw_if_index == a.attach.sw_if_index:
+        if id == a.attach.policy_id and sw_if_index == a.attach.sw_if_index:
             return True
     return False
 
 
 class VppAbfPolicy(VppObject):
-
-    def __init__(self,
-                 test,
-                 policy_id,
-                 acl,
-                 paths):
+    def __init__(self, test, policy_id, acl, paths):
         self._test = test
         self.policy_id = policy_id
         self.acl = acl
@@ -55,35 +54,35 @@ class VppAbfPolicy(VppObject):
     def add_vpp_config(self):
         self._test.vapi.abf_policy_add_del(
             1,
-            {'policy_id': self.policy_id,
-             'acl_index': self.acl.acl_index,
-             'n_paths': len(self.paths),
-             'paths': self.encoded_paths})
+            {
+                "policy_id": self.policy_id,
+                "acl_index": self.acl.acl_index,
+                "n_paths": len(self.paths),
+                "paths": self.encoded_paths,
+            },
+        )
         self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
         self._test.vapi.abf_policy_add_del(
             0,
-            {'policy_id': self.policy_id,
-             'acl_index': self.acl.acl_index,
-             'n_paths': len(self.paths),
-             'paths': self.encoded_paths})
+            {
+                "policy_id": self.policy_id,
+                "acl_index": self.acl.acl_index,
+                "n_paths": len(self.paths),
+                "paths": self.encoded_paths,
+            },
+        )
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
         return find_abf_policy(self._test, self.policy_id)
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return ("abf-policy-%d" % self.policy_id)
+        return "abf-policy-%d" % self.policy_id
 
 
 class VppAbfAttach(VppObject):
-
-    def __init__(self,
-                 test,
-                 policy_id,
-                 sw_if_index,
-                 priority,
-                 is_ipv6=0):
+    def __init__(self, test, policy_id, sw_if_index, priority, is_ipv6=0):
         self._test = test
         self.policy_id = policy_id
         self.sw_if_index = sw_if_index
@@ -93,31 +92,35 @@ class VppAbfAttach(VppObject):
     def add_vpp_config(self):
         self._test.vapi.abf_itf_attach_add_del(
             1,
-            {'policy_id': self.policy_id,
-             'sw_if_index': self.sw_if_index,
-             'priority': self.priority,
-             'is_ipv6': self.is_ipv6})
+            {
+                "policy_id": self.policy_id,
+                "sw_if_index": self.sw_if_index,
+                "priority": self.priority,
+                "is_ipv6": self.is_ipv6,
+            },
+        )
         self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
         self._test.vapi.abf_itf_attach_add_del(
             0,
-            {'policy_id': self.policy_id,
-             'sw_if_index': self.sw_if_index,
-             'priority': self.priority,
-             'is_ipv6': self.is_ipv6})
+            {
+                "policy_id": self.policy_id,
+                "sw_if_index": self.sw_if_index,
+                "priority": self.priority,
+                "is_ipv6": self.is_ipv6,
+            },
+        )
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
-        return find_abf_itf_attach(self._test,
-                                   self.policy_id,
-                                   self.sw_if_index)
+        return find_abf_itf_attach(self._test, self.policy_id, self.sw_if_index)
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return ("abf-attach-%d-%d" % (self.policy_id, self.sw_if_index))
+        return "abf-attach-%d-%d" % (self.policy_id, self.sw_if_index)
 
 
 class TestAbf(VppTestCase):
-    """ ABF Test Case """
+    """ABF Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -147,8 +150,7 @@ class TestAbf(VppTestCase):
         super(TestAbf, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_abf4(self):
-        """ IPv4 ACL Based Forwarding
-        """
+        """IPv4 ACL Based Forwarding"""
 
         #
         # We are not testing the various matching capabilities
@@ -163,18 +165,22 @@ class TestAbf(VppTestCase):
         #
         # Rule 1
         #
-        rule_1 = AclRule(is_permit=1, proto=17, ports=1234,
-                         src_prefix=IPv4Network("1.1.1.1/32"),
-                         dst_prefix=IPv4Network("1.1.1.2/32"))
+        rule_1 = AclRule(
+            is_permit=1,
+            proto=17,
+            ports=1234,
+            src_prefix=IPv4Network("1.1.1.1/32"),
+            dst_prefix=IPv4Network("1.1.1.2/32"),
+        )
         acl_1 = VppAcl(self, rules=[rule_1])
         acl_1.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # ABF policy for ACL 1 - path via interface 1
         #
-        abf_1 = VppAbfPolicy(self, 10, acl_1,
-                             [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                           self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
+        abf_1 = VppAbfPolicy(
+            self, 10, acl_1, [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4, self.pg1.sw_if_index)]
+        )
         abf_1.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -187,42 +193,43 @@ class TestAbf(VppTestCase):
         # fire in packet matching the ACL src,dst. If it's forwarded
         # then the ABF was successful, since default routing will drop it
         #
-        p_1 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                     dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-               IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="1.1.1.2") /
-               UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-               Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-        self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_1*NUM_PKTS, self.pg1)
+        p_1 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="1.1.1.2")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
+        self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_1 * NUM_PKTS, self.pg1)
 
         #
         # Attach a 'better' priority policy to the same interface
         #
-        abf_2 = VppAbfPolicy(self, 11, acl_1,
-                             [VppRoutePath(self.pg2.remote_ip4,
-                                           self.pg2.sw_if_index)])
+        abf_2 = VppAbfPolicy(
+            self, 11, acl_1, [VppRoutePath(self.pg2.remote_ip4, self.pg2.sw_if_index)]
+        )
         abf_2.add_vpp_config()
         attach_2 = VppAbfAttach(self, 11, self.pg0.sw_if_index, 40)
         attach_2.add_vpp_config()
 
-        self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_1*NUM_PKTS, self.pg2)
+        self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_1 * NUM_PKTS, self.pg2)
 
         #
         # Attach a policy with priority in the middle
         #
-        abf_3 = VppAbfPolicy(self, 12, acl_1,
-                             [VppRoutePath(self.pg3.remote_ip4,
-                                           self.pg3.sw_if_index)])
+        abf_3 = VppAbfPolicy(
+            self, 12, acl_1, [VppRoutePath(self.pg3.remote_ip4, self.pg3.sw_if_index)]
+        )
         abf_3.add_vpp_config()
         attach_3 = VppAbfAttach(self, 12, self.pg0.sw_if_index, 45)
         attach_3.add_vpp_config()
 
-        self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_1*NUM_PKTS, self.pg2)
+        self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_1 * NUM_PKTS, self.pg2)
 
         #
         # remove the best priority
         #
         attach_2.remove_vpp_config()
-        self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_1*NUM_PKTS, self.pg3)
+        self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_1 * NUM_PKTS, self.pg3)
 
         #
         # Attach one of the same policies to Pg1
@@ -230,11 +237,12 @@ class TestAbf(VppTestCase):
         attach_4 = VppAbfAttach(self, 12, self.pg1.sw_if_index, 45)
         attach_4.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p_2 = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                     dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-               IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="1.1.1.2") /
-               UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-               Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p_2 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="1.1.1.2")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p_2 * NUM_PKTS, self.pg3)
 
         #
@@ -255,22 +263,27 @@ class TestAbf(VppTestCase):
         self.pg4.config_ip4()
         self.pg4.resolve_arp()
 
-        abf_13 = VppAbfPolicy(self, 13, acl_1,
-                              [VppRoutePath(self.pg4.remote_ip4,
-                                            0xffffffff,
-                                            nh_table_id=table_20.table_id)])
+        abf_13 = VppAbfPolicy(
+            self,
+            13,
+            acl_1,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg4.remote_ip4, 0xFFFFFFFF, nh_table_id=table_20.table_id
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         abf_13.add_vpp_config()
         attach_5 = VppAbfAttach(self, 13, self.pg0.sw_if_index, 30)
         attach_5.add_vpp_config()
 
-        self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_1*NUM_PKTS, self.pg4)
+        self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_1 * NUM_PKTS, self.pg4)
 
         self.pg4.unconfig_ip4()
         self.pg4.set_table_ip4(0)
 
     def test_abf6(self):
-        """ IPv6 ACL Based Forwarding
-        """
+        """IPv6 ACL Based Forwarding"""
 
         #
         # Simple test for matching IPv6 packets
@@ -279,32 +292,34 @@ class TestAbf(VppTestCase):
         #
         # Rule 1
         #
-        rule_1 = AclRule(is_permit=1, proto=17, ports=1234,
-                         src_prefix=IPv6Network("2001::2/128"),
-                         dst_prefix=IPv6Network("2001::1/128"))
+        rule_1 = AclRule(
+            is_permit=1,
+            proto=17,
+            ports=1234,
+            src_prefix=IPv6Network("2001::2/128"),
+            dst_prefix=IPv6Network("2001::1/128"),
+        )
         acl_1 = VppAcl(self, rules=[rule_1])
         acl_1.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # ABF policy for ACL 1 - path via interface 1
         #
-        abf_1 = VppAbfPolicy(self, 10, acl_1,
-                             [VppRoutePath("3001::1",
-                                           0xffffffff)])
+        abf_1 = VppAbfPolicy(self, 10, acl_1, [VppRoutePath("3001::1", 0xFFFFFFFF)])
         abf_1.add_vpp_config()
 
-        attach_1 = VppAbfAttach(self, 10, self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                45, is_ipv6=True)
+        attach_1 = VppAbfAttach(self, 10, self.pg0.sw_if_index, 45, is_ipv6=True)
         attach_1.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # a packet matching the rule
         #
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                   dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IPv6(src="2001::2", dst="2001::1") /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src="2001::2", dst="2001::1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         #
         # packets are dropped because there is no route to the policy's
@@ -315,9 +330,12 @@ class TestAbf(VppTestCase):
         #
         # add a route resolving the next-hop
         #
-        route = VppIpRoute(self, "3001::1", 32,
-                           [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                                         self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
+        route = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "3001::1",
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6, self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         route.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -326,5 +344,5 @@ class TestAbf(VppTestCase):
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * NUM_PKTS, self.pg1)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_acl_plugin.py b/test/test_acl_plugin.py
index 53d96215949..32ecedba2a6 100644
--- a/test/test_acl_plugin.py
+++ b/test/test_acl_plugin.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ from vpp_ip import INVALID_INDEX
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
-    """ ACL plugin Test Case """
+    """ACL plugin Test Case"""
 
     # traffic types
     IP = 0
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
 
     # supported protocols
     proto = [[6, 17], [1, 58]]
-    proto_map = {1: 'ICMP', 58: 'ICMPv6EchoRequest', 6: 'TCP', 17: 'UDP'}
+    proto_map = {1: "ICMP", 58: "ICMPv6EchoRequest", 6: "TCP", 17: "UDP"}
     ICMPv4 = 0
     ICMPv6 = 1
     TCP = 0
@@ -105,11 +105,11 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
 
             # Create BD with MAC learning and unknown unicast flooding disabled
             # and put interfaces to this BD
-            cls.vapi.bridge_domain_add_del(bd_id=cls.bd_id, uu_flood=1,
-                                           learn=1)
+            cls.vapi.bridge_domain_add_del(bd_id=cls.bd_id, uu_flood=1, learn=1)
             for pg_if in cls.pg_interfaces:
                 cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-                    rx_sw_if_index=pg_if.sw_if_index, bd_id=cls.bd_id)
+                    rx_sw_if_index=pg_if.sw_if_index, bd_id=cls.bd_id
+                )
 
             # Set up all interfaces
             for i in cls.pg_interfaces:
@@ -135,14 +135,16 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
             for pg_if in cls.pg_interfaces:
                 i += 1
                 start_nr = macs_per_if * i + start
-                end_nr = count + start if i == (n_int - 1) \
-                    else macs_per_if * (i + 1) + start
+                end_nr = (
+                    count + start if i == (n_int - 1) else macs_per_if * (i + 1) + start
+                )
                 hosts = cls.hosts_by_pg_idx[pg_if.sw_if_index]
                 for j in range(int(start_nr), int(end_nr)):
                     host = Host(
                         "00:00:00:ff:%02x:%02x" % (pg_if.sw_if_index, j),
                         "172.17.1%02x.%u" % (pg_if.sw_if_index, j),
-                        "2017:dead:%02x::%u" % (pg_if.sw_if_index, j))
+                        "2017:dead:%02x::%u" % (pg_if.sw_if_index, j),
+                    )
                     hosts.append(host)
 
         except Exception:
@@ -176,20 +178,32 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli("show acl-plugin acl"))
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli("show acl-plugin interface"))
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli("show acl-plugin tables"))
-        self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli("show bridge-domain %s detail"
-                                         % self.bd_id))
+        self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli("show bridge-domain %s detail" % self.bd_id))
 
-    def create_rule(self, ip=0, permit_deny=0, ports=PORTS_ALL, proto=-1,
-                    s_prefix=0, s_ip=0,
-                    d_prefix=0, d_ip=0):
+    def create_rule(
+        self,
+        ip=0,
+        permit_deny=0,
+        ports=PORTS_ALL,
+        proto=-1,
+        s_prefix=0,
+        s_ip=0,
+        d_prefix=0,
+        d_ip=0,
+    ):
         if ip:
             src_prefix = IPv6Network((s_ip, s_prefix))
             dst_prefix = IPv6Network((d_ip, d_prefix))
         else:
             src_prefix = IPv4Network((s_ip, s_prefix))
             dst_prefix = IPv4Network((d_ip, d_prefix))
-        return AclRule(is_permit=permit_deny, ports=ports, proto=proto,
-                       src_prefix=src_prefix, dst_prefix=dst_prefix)
+        return AclRule(
+            is_permit=permit_deny,
+            ports=ports,
+            proto=proto,
+            src_prefix=src_prefix,
+            dst_prefix=dst_prefix,
+        )
 
     def apply_rules(self, rules, tag=None):
         acl = VppAcl(self, rules, tag=tag)
@@ -198,7 +212,8 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
         # Apply a ACL on the interface as inbound
         for i in self.pg_interfaces:
             acl_if = VppAclInterface(
-                self, sw_if_index=i.sw_if_index, n_input=1, acls=[acl])
+                self, sw_if_index=i.sw_if_index, n_input=1, acls=[acl]
+            )
             acl_if.add_vpp_config()
         return acl.acl_index
 
@@ -207,8 +222,7 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
         acl.add_vpp_config()
         self.logger.info("Dumped ACL: " + str(acl.dump()))
         # Apply a ACL on the interface as inbound
-        acl_if = VppAclInterface(self, sw_if_index=sw_if_index, n_input=1,
-                                 acls=[acl])
+        acl_if = VppAclInterface(self, sw_if_index=sw_if_index, n_input=1, acls=[acl])
         return acl.acl_index
 
     def etype_whitelist(self, whitelist, n_input, add=True):
@@ -216,9 +230,14 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
         if add:
             self._wl = []
             for i in self.pg_interfaces:
-                self._wl.append(VppEtypeWhitelist(
-                    self, sw_if_index=i.sw_if_index, whitelist=whitelist,
-                    n_input=n_input).add_vpp_config())
+                self._wl.append(
+                    VppEtypeWhitelist(
+                        self,
+                        sw_if_index=i.sw_if_index,
+                        whitelist=whitelist,
+                        n_input=n_input,
+                    ).add_vpp_config()
+                )
         else:
             if hasattr(self, "_wl"):
                 for wl in self._wl:
@@ -226,27 +245,36 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
 
     def create_upper_layer(self, packet_index, proto, ports=0):
         p = self.proto_map[proto]
-        if p == 'UDP':
+        if p == "UDP":
             if ports == 0:
-                return UDP(sport=random.randint(self.udp_sport_from,
-                                                self.udp_sport_to),
-                           dport=random.randint(self.udp_dport_from,
-                                                self.udp_dport_to))
+                return UDP(
+                    sport=random.randint(self.udp_sport_from, self.udp_sport_to),
+                    dport=random.randint(self.udp_dport_from, self.udp_dport_to),
+                )
             else:
                 return UDP(sport=ports, dport=ports)
-        elif p == 'TCP':
+        elif p == "TCP":
             if ports == 0:
-                return TCP(sport=random.randint(self.tcp_sport_from,
-                                                self.tcp_sport_to),
-                           dport=random.randint(self.tcp_dport_from,
-                                                self.tcp_dport_to))
+                return TCP(
+                    sport=random.randint(self.tcp_sport_from, self.tcp_sport_to),
+                    dport=random.randint(self.tcp_dport_from, self.tcp_dport_to),
+                )
             else:
                 return TCP(sport=ports, dport=ports)
-        return ''
+        return ""
 
-    def create_stream(self, src_if, packet_sizes, traffic_type=0, ipv6=0,
-                      proto=-1, ports=0, fragments=False,
-                      pkt_raw=True, etype=-1):
+    def create_stream(
+        self,
+        src_if,
+        packet_sizes,
+        traffic_type=0,
+        ipv6=0,
+        proto=-1,
+        ports=0,
+        fragments=False,
+        pkt_raw=True,
+        etype=-1,
+    ):
         """
         Create input packet stream for defined interface using hosts or
         deleted_hosts list.
@@ -279,26 +307,25 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
                     payload = self.info_to_payload(pkt_info)
                     p = Ether(dst=dst_host.mac, src=src_host.mac)
                     if etype > 0:
-                        p = Ether(dst=dst_host.mac,
-                                  src=src_host.mac,
-                                  type=etype)
+                        p = Ether(dst=dst_host.mac, src=src_host.mac, type=etype)
                     if pkt_info.ip:
                         p /= IPv6(dst=dst_host.ip6, src=src_host.ip6)
                         if fragments:
                             p /= IPv6ExtHdrFragment(offset=64, m=1)
                     else:
                         if fragments:
-                            p /= IP(src=src_host.ip4, dst=dst_host.ip4,
-                                    flags=1, frag=64)
+                            p /= IP(
+                                src=src_host.ip4, dst=dst_host.ip4, flags=1, frag=64
+                            )
                         else:
                             p /= IP(src=src_host.ip4, dst=dst_host.ip4)
                     if traffic_type == self.ICMP:
                         if pkt_info.ip:
-                            p /= ICMPv6EchoRequest(type=self.icmp6_type,
-                                                   code=self.icmp6_code)
+                            p /= ICMPv6EchoRequest(
+                                type=self.icmp6_type, code=self.icmp6_code
+                            )
                         else:
-                            p /= ICMP(type=self.icmp4_type,
-                                      code=self.icmp4_code)
+                            p /= ICMP(type=self.icmp4_type, code=self.icmp4_code)
                     else:
                         p /= self.create_upper_layer(i, pkt_info.proto, ports)
                     if pkt_raw:
@@ -310,8 +337,7 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
                     pkts.append(p)
         return pkts
 
-    def verify_capture(self, pg_if, capture,
-                       traffic_type=0, ip_type=0, etype=-1):
+    def verify_capture(self, pg_if, capture, traffic_type=0, ip_type=0, etype=-1):
         """
         Verify captured input packet stream for defined interface.
 
@@ -326,22 +352,23 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
         for packet in capture:
             if etype > 0:
                 if packet[Ether].type != etype:
-                    self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected ethertype in packet:",
-                                          packet))
+                    self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected ethertype in packet:", packet))
                 else:
                     continue
             try:
                 # Raw data for ICMPv6 are stored in ICMPv6EchoRequest.data
                 if traffic_type == self.ICMP and ip_type == self.IPV6:
                     payload_info = self.payload_to_info(
-                        packet[ICMPv6EchoRequest], 'data')
+                        packet[ICMPv6EchoRequest], "data"
+                    )
                     payload = packet[ICMPv6EchoRequest]
                 else:
                     payload_info = self.payload_to_info(packet[Raw])
                     payload = packet[self.proto_map[payload_info.proto]]
             except:
-                self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet "
-                                      "(outside network):", packet))
+                self.logger.error(
+                    ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet (outside network):", packet)
+                )
                 raise
 
             if ip_type != 0:
@@ -355,8 +382,9 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
                         self.assertEqual(payload.type, self.icmp6_type)
                         self.assertEqual(payload.code, self.icmp6_code)
                 except:
-                    self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet "
-                                          "(outside network):", packet))
+                    self.logger.error(
+                        ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet (outside network):", packet)
+                    )
                     raise
             else:
                 try:
@@ -366,12 +394,13 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
                     packet_index = payload_info.index
 
                     self.assertEqual(payload_info.dst, dst_sw_if_index)
-                    self.logger.debug("Got packet on port %s: src=%u (id=%u)" %
-                                      (pg_if.name, payload_info.src,
-                                       packet_index))
+                    self.logger.debug(
+                        "Got packet on port %s: src=%u (id=%u)"
+                        % (pg_if.name, payload_info.src, packet_index)
+                    )
                     next_info = self.get_next_packet_info_for_interface2(
-                        payload_info.src, dst_sw_if_index,
-                        last_info[payload_info.src])
+                        payload_info.src, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[payload_info.src]
+                    )
                     last_info[payload_info.src] = next_info
                     self.assertTrue(next_info is not None)
                     self.assertEqual(packet_index, next_info.index)
@@ -380,29 +409,26 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
                     self.assertEqual(ip.src, saved_packet[ip_version].src)
                     self.assertEqual(ip.dst, saved_packet[ip_version].dst)
                     p = self.proto_map[payload_info.proto]
-                    if p == 'TCP':
+                    if p == "TCP":
                         tcp = packet[TCP]
-                        self.assertEqual(tcp.sport, saved_packet[
-                            TCP].sport)
-                        self.assertEqual(tcp.dport, saved_packet[
-                            TCP].dport)
-                    elif p == 'UDP':
+                        self.assertEqual(tcp.sport, saved_packet[TCP].sport)
+                        self.assertEqual(tcp.dport, saved_packet[TCP].dport)
+                    elif p == "UDP":
                         udp = packet[UDP]
-                        self.assertEqual(udp.sport, saved_packet[
-                            UDP].sport)
-                        self.assertEqual(udp.dport, saved_packet[
-                            UDP].dport)
+                        self.assertEqual(udp.sport, saved_packet[UDP].sport)
+                        self.assertEqual(udp.dport, saved_packet[UDP].dport)
                 except:
-                    self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:",
-                                          packet))
+                    self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:", packet))
                     raise
         for i in self.pg_interfaces:
             remaining_packet = self.get_next_packet_info_for_interface2(
-                i, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[i.sw_if_index])
+                i, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[i.sw_if_index]
+            )
             self.assertTrue(
                 remaining_packet is None,
-                "Port %u: Packet expected from source %u didn't arrive" %
-                (dst_sw_if_index, i.sw_if_index))
+                "Port %u: Packet expected from source %u didn't arrive"
+                % (dst_sw_if_index, i.sw_if_index),
+            )
 
     def run_traffic_no_check(self):
         # Test
@@ -417,16 +443,32 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
-    def run_verify_test(self, traffic_type=0, ip_type=0, proto=-1, ports=0,
-                        frags=False, pkt_raw=True, etype=-1):
+    def run_verify_test(
+        self,
+        traffic_type=0,
+        ip_type=0,
+        proto=-1,
+        ports=0,
+        frags=False,
+        pkt_raw=True,
+        etype=-1,
+    ):
         # Test
         # Create incoming packet streams for packet-generator interfaces
         pkts_cnt = 0
         for i in self.pg_interfaces:
             if self.flows.__contains__(i):
-                pkts = self.create_stream(i, self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
-                                          traffic_type, ip_type, proto, ports,
-                                          frags, pkt_raw, etype)
+                pkts = self.create_stream(
+                    i,
+                    self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
+                    traffic_type,
+                    ip_type,
+                    proto,
+                    ports,
+                    frags,
+                    pkt_raw,
+                    etype,
+                )
                 if len(pkts) > 0:
                     i.add_stream(pkts)
                     pkts_cnt += len(pkts)
@@ -442,21 +484,28 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
             if self.flows.__contains__(src_if):
                 for dst_if in self.flows[src_if]:
                     capture = dst_if.get_capture(pkts_cnt)
-                    self.logger.info("Verifying capture on interface %s" %
-                                     dst_if.name)
-                    self.verify_capture(dst_if, capture,
-                                        traffic_type, ip_type, etype)
+                    self.logger.info("Verifying capture on interface %s" % dst_if.name)
+                    self.verify_capture(dst_if, capture, traffic_type, ip_type, etype)
 
-    def run_verify_negat_test(self, traffic_type=0, ip_type=0, proto=-1,
-                              ports=0, frags=False, etype=-1):
+    def run_verify_negat_test(
+        self, traffic_type=0, ip_type=0, proto=-1, ports=0, frags=False, etype=-1
+    ):
         # Test
         pkts_cnt = 0
         self.reset_packet_infos()
         for i in self.pg_interfaces:
             if self.flows.__contains__(i):
-                pkts = self.create_stream(i, self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
-                                          traffic_type, ip_type, proto, ports,
-                                          frags, True, etype)
+                pkts = self.create_stream(
+                    i,
+                    self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
+                    traffic_type,
+                    ip_type,
+                    proto,
+                    ports,
+                    frags,
+                    True,
+                    etype,
+                )
                 if len(pkts) > 0:
                     i.add_stream(pkts)
                     pkts_cnt += len(pkts)
@@ -471,24 +520,22 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
         for src_if in self.pg_interfaces:
             if self.flows.__contains__(src_if):
                 for dst_if in self.flows[src_if]:
-                    self.logger.info("Verifying capture on interface %s" %
-                                     dst_if.name)
+                    self.logger.info("Verifying capture on interface %s" % dst_if.name)
                     capture = dst_if.get_capture(0)
                     self.assertEqual(len(capture), 0)
 
     def test_0000_warmup_test(self):
-        """ ACL plugin version check; learn MACs
-        """
+        """ACL plugin version check; learn MACs"""
         reply = self.vapi.papi.acl_plugin_get_version()
         self.assertEqual(reply.major, 1)
-        self.logger.info("Working with ACL plugin version: %d.%d" % (
-            reply.major, reply.minor))
+        self.logger.info(
+            "Working with ACL plugin version: %d.%d" % (reply.major, reply.minor)
+        )
         # minor version changes are non breaking
         # self.assertEqual(reply.minor, 0)
 
     def test_0001_acl_create(self):
-        """ ACL create/delete test
-        """
+        """ACL create/delete test"""
 
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_START_0001")
         # Create a permit-1234 ACL
@@ -510,12 +557,13 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
         for i_rule in range(0, len(r) - 1):
             encoded_rule = r[i_rule].encode()
             for rule_key in encoded_rule:
-                self.assertEqual(rr[0].r[i_rule][rule_key],
-                                 encoded_rule[rule_key])
+                self.assertEqual(rr[0].r[i_rule][rule_key], encoded_rule[rule_key])
 
         # Create a deny-1234 ACL
-        r_deny = [AclRule(is_permit=0, proto=17, ports=1234, sport_to=1235),
-                  AclRule(is_permit=1, proto=17, ports=0)]
+        r_deny = [
+            AclRule(is_permit=0, proto=17, ports=1234, sport_to=1235),
+            AclRule(is_permit=1, proto=17, ports=0),
+        ]
         second_acl = VppAcl(self, rules=r_deny, tag="deny 1234;permit all")
         second_acl.add_vpp_config()
         self.assertTrue(second_acl.query_vpp_config())
@@ -528,8 +576,8 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
 
         # apply an ACL on an interface inbound, try to delete ACL, must fail
         acl_if_list = VppAclInterface(
-            self, sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, n_input=1,
-            acls=[first_acl])
+            self, sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, n_input=1, acls=[first_acl]
+        )
         acl_if_list.add_vpp_config()
         first_acl.remove_vpp_config(expect_error=True)
         # Unapply an ACL and then try to delete it - must be ok
@@ -538,8 +586,8 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
 
         # apply an ACL on an interface inbound, try to delete ACL, must fail
         acl_if_list = VppAclInterface(
-            self, sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, n_input=0,
-            acls=[second_acl])
+            self, sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, n_input=0, acls=[second_acl]
+        )
         acl_if_list.add_vpp_config()
         second_acl.remove_vpp_config(expect_error=True)
         # Unapply an ACL and then try to delete it - must be ok
@@ -548,22 +596,23 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
 
         # try to apply a nonexistent ACL - must fail
         acl_if_list = VppAclInterface(
-            self, sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, n_input=0,
-            acls=[invalid_acl])
+            self, sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, n_input=0, acls=[invalid_acl]
+        )
         acl_if_list.add_vpp_config(expect_error=True)
 
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_FINISH_0001")
 
     def test_0002_acl_permit_apply(self):
-        """ permit ACL apply test
-        """
+        """permit ACL apply test"""
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_START_0002")
 
         rules = []
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.PERMIT,
-                                      0, self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]))
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.PERMIT,
-                                      0, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]))
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, 0, self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP])
+        )
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, 0, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP])
+        )
 
         # Apply rules
         acl_idx = self.apply_rules(rules, "permit per-flow")
@@ -574,14 +623,14 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
         # Traffic should still pass
         self.run_verify_test(self.IP, self.IPV4, -1)
 
-        matches = self.statistics.get_counter('/acl/%d/matches' % acl_idx)
+        matches = self.statistics.get_counter("/acl/%d/matches" % acl_idx)
         self.logger.info("stat segment counters: %s" % repr(matches))
         cli = "show acl-plugin acl"
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli(cli))
         cli = "show acl-plugin tables"
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli(cli))
 
-        total_hits = matches[0][0]['packets'] + matches[0][1]['packets']
+        total_hits = matches[0][0]["packets"] + matches[0][1]["packets"]
         self.assertEqual(total_hits, 64)
 
         # disable counters
@@ -590,17 +639,17 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_FINISH_0002")
 
     def test_0003_acl_deny_apply(self):
-        """ deny ACL apply test
-        """
+        """deny ACL apply test"""
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_START_0003")
         # Add a deny-flows ACL
         rules = []
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(
-            self.IPV4, self.DENY, self.PORTS_ALL,
-            self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]))
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV4, self.DENY, self.PORTS_ALL, self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]
+            )
+        )
         # Permit ip any any in the end
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.PERMIT,
-                                      self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
+        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
 
         # Apply rules
         acl_idx = self.apply_rules(rules, "deny per-flow;permit all")
@@ -609,30 +658,34 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
         reply = self.vapi.papi.acl_stats_intf_counters_enable(enable=1)
 
         # Traffic should not pass
-        self.run_verify_negat_test(self.IP, self.IPV4,
-                                   self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP])
+        self.run_verify_negat_test(self.IP, self.IPV4, self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP])
 
-        matches = self.statistics.get_counter('/acl/%d/matches' % acl_idx)
+        matches = self.statistics.get_counter("/acl/%d/matches" % acl_idx)
         self.logger.info("stat segment counters: %s" % repr(matches))
         cli = "show acl-plugin acl"
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli(cli))
         cli = "show acl-plugin tables"
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli(cli))
-        self.assertEqual(matches[0][0]['packets'], 64)
+        self.assertEqual(matches[0][0]["packets"], 64)
         # disable counters
         reply = self.vapi.papi.acl_stats_intf_counters_enable(enable=0)
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_FINISH_0003")
         # self.assertEqual(, 0)
 
     def test_0004_vpp624_permit_icmpv4(self):
-        """ VPP_624 permit ICMPv4
-        """
+        """VPP_624 permit ICMPv4"""
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_START_0004")
 
         # Add an ACL
         rules = []
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_RANGE,
-                                      self.proto[self.ICMP][self.ICMPv4]))
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV4,
+                self.PERMIT,
+                self.PORTS_RANGE,
+                self.proto[self.ICMP][self.ICMPv4],
+            )
+        )
         # deny ip any any in the end
         rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.DENY, self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
 
@@ -640,20 +693,24 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
         self.apply_rules(rules, "permit icmpv4")
 
         # Traffic should still pass
-        self.run_verify_test(self.ICMP, self.IPV4,
-                             self.proto[self.ICMP][self.ICMPv4])
+        self.run_verify_test(self.ICMP, self.IPV4, self.proto[self.ICMP][self.ICMPv4])
 
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_FINISH_0004")
 
     def test_0005_vpp624_permit_icmpv6(self):
-        """ VPP_624 permit ICMPv6
-        """
+        """VPP_624 permit ICMPv6"""
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_START_0005")
 
         # Add an ACL
         rules = []
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_RANGE,
-                                      self.proto[self.ICMP][self.ICMPv6]))
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV6,
+                self.PERMIT,
+                self.PORTS_RANGE,
+                self.proto[self.ICMP][self.ICMPv6],
+            )
+        )
         # deny ip any any in the end
         rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.DENY, self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
 
@@ -661,22 +718,25 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
         self.apply_rules(rules, "permit icmpv6")
 
         # Traffic should still pass
-        self.run_verify_test(self.ICMP, self.IPV6,
-                             self.proto[self.ICMP][self.ICMPv6])
+        self.run_verify_test(self.ICMP, self.IPV6, self.proto[self.ICMP][self.ICMPv6])
 
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_FINISH_0005")
 
     def test_0006_vpp624_deny_icmpv4(self):
-        """ VPP_624 deny ICMPv4
-        """
+        """VPP_624 deny ICMPv4"""
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_START_0006")
         # Add an ACL
         rules = []
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.DENY, self.PORTS_RANGE,
-                                      self.proto[self.ICMP][self.ICMPv4]))
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV4,
+                self.DENY,
+                self.PORTS_RANGE,
+                self.proto[self.ICMP][self.ICMPv4],
+            )
+        )
         # permit ip any any in the end
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.PERMIT,
-                                      self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
+        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
 
         # Apply rules
         self.apply_rules(rules, "deny icmpv4")
@@ -687,16 +747,20 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_FINISH_0006")
 
     def test_0007_vpp624_deny_icmpv6(self):
-        """ VPP_624 deny ICMPv6
-        """
+        """VPP_624 deny ICMPv6"""
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_START_0007")
         # Add an ACL
         rules = []
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.DENY, self.PORTS_RANGE,
-                                      self.proto[self.ICMP][self.ICMPv6]))
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV6,
+                self.DENY,
+                self.PORTS_RANGE,
+                self.proto[self.ICMP][self.ICMPv6],
+            )
+        )
         # deny ip any any in the end
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.PERMIT,
-                                      self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
+        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
 
         # Apply rules
         self.apply_rules(rules, "deny icmpv6")
@@ -707,14 +771,16 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_FINISH_0007")
 
     def test_0008_tcp_permit_v4(self):
-        """ permit TCPv4
-        """
+        """permit TCPv4"""
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_START_0008")
 
         # Add an ACL
         rules = []
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_RANGE,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]))
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_RANGE, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]
+            )
+        )
         # deny ip any any in the end
         rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.DENY, self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
 
@@ -727,14 +793,16 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_FINISH_0008")
 
     def test_0009_tcp_permit_v6(self):
-        """ permit TCPv6
-        """
+        """permit TCPv6"""
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_START_0009")
 
         # Add an ACL
         rules = []
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_RANGE,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]))
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV6, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_RANGE, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]
+            )
+        )
         # deny ip any any in the end
         rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.DENY, self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
 
@@ -747,14 +815,16 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_FINISH_0008")
 
     def test_0010_udp_permit_v4(self):
-        """ permit UDPv4
-        """
+        """permit UDPv4"""
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_START_0010")
 
         # Add an ACL
         rules = []
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_RANGE,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]))
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_RANGE, self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]
+            )
+        )
         # deny ip any any in the end
         rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.DENY, self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
 
@@ -767,14 +837,16 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_FINISH_0010")
 
     def test_0011_udp_permit_v6(self):
-        """ permit UDPv6
-        """
+        """permit UDPv6"""
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_START_0011")
 
         # Add an ACL
         rules = []
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_RANGE,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]))
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV6, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_RANGE, self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]
+            )
+        )
         # deny ip any any in the end
         rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.DENY, self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
 
@@ -787,81 +859,89 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_FINISH_0011")
 
     def test_0012_tcp_deny(self):
-        """ deny TCPv4/v6
-        """
+        """deny TCPv4/v6"""
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_START_0012")
 
         # Add an ACL
         rules = []
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.DENY, self.PORTS_RANGE,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]))
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.DENY, self.PORTS_RANGE,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]))
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV4, self.DENY, self.PORTS_RANGE, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]
+            )
+        )
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV6, self.DENY, self.PORTS_RANGE, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]
+            )
+        )
         # permit ip any any in the end
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.PERMIT,
-                                      self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.PERMIT,
-                                      self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
+        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
+        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
 
         # Apply rules
         self.apply_rules(rules, "deny ip4/ip6 tcp")
 
         # Traffic should not pass
-        self.run_verify_negat_test(self.IP, self.IPRANDOM,
-                                   self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP])
+        self.run_verify_negat_test(
+            self.IP, self.IPRANDOM, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]
+        )
 
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_FINISH_0012")
 
     def test_0013_udp_deny(self):
-        """ deny UDPv4/v6
-        """
+        """deny UDPv4/v6"""
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_START_0013")
 
         # Add an ACL
         rules = []
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.DENY, self.PORTS_RANGE,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]))
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.DENY, self.PORTS_RANGE,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]))
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV4, self.DENY, self.PORTS_RANGE, self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]
+            )
+        )
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV6, self.DENY, self.PORTS_RANGE, self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]
+            )
+        )
         # permit ip any any in the end
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.PERMIT,
-                                      self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.PERMIT,
-                                      self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
+        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
+        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
 
         # Apply rules
         self.apply_rules(rules, "deny ip4/ip6 udp")
 
         # Traffic should not pass
-        self.run_verify_negat_test(self.IP, self.IPRANDOM,
-                                   self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP])
+        self.run_verify_negat_test(
+            self.IP, self.IPRANDOM, self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]
+        )
 
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_FINISH_0013")
 
     def test_0014_acl_dump(self):
-        """ verify add/dump acls
-        """
+        """verify add/dump acls"""
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_START_0014")
 
-        r = [[self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, 1234, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]],
-             [self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, 2345, self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]],
-             [self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, 0, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]],
-             [self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, 0, self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]],
-             [self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, 5, self.proto[self.ICMP][self.ICMPv4]],
-             [self.IPV6, self.PERMIT, 4321, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]],
-             [self.IPV6, self.PERMIT, 5432, self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]],
-             [self.IPV6, self.PERMIT, 0, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]],
-             [self.IPV6, self.PERMIT, 0, self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]],
-             [self.IPV6, self.PERMIT, 6, self.proto[self.ICMP][self.ICMPv6]],
-             [self.IPV4, self.DENY, self.PORTS_ALL, 0],
-             [self.IPV4, self.DENY, 1234, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]],
-             [self.IPV4, self.DENY, 2345, self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]],
-             [self.IPV4, self.DENY, 5, self.proto[self.ICMP][self.ICMPv4]],
-             [self.IPV6, self.DENY, 4321, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]],
-             [self.IPV6, self.DENY, 5432, self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]],
-             [self.IPV6, self.DENY, 6, self.proto[self.ICMP][self.ICMPv6]],
-             [self.IPV6, self.DENY, self.PORTS_ALL, 0]
-             ]
+        r = [
+            [self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, 1234, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]],
+            [self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, 2345, self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]],
+            [self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, 0, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]],
+            [self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, 0, self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]],
+            [self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, 5, self.proto[self.ICMP][self.ICMPv4]],
+            [self.IPV6, self.PERMIT, 4321, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]],
+            [self.IPV6, self.PERMIT, 5432, self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]],
+            [self.IPV6, self.PERMIT, 0, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]],
+            [self.IPV6, self.PERMIT, 0, self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]],
+            [self.IPV6, self.PERMIT, 6, self.proto[self.ICMP][self.ICMPv6]],
+            [self.IPV4, self.DENY, self.PORTS_ALL, 0],
+            [self.IPV4, self.DENY, 1234, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]],
+            [self.IPV4, self.DENY, 2345, self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]],
+            [self.IPV4, self.DENY, 5, self.proto[self.ICMP][self.ICMPv4]],
+            [self.IPV6, self.DENY, 4321, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]],
+            [self.IPV6, self.DENY, 5432, self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]],
+            [self.IPV6, self.DENY, 6, self.proto[self.ICMP][self.ICMPv6]],
+            [self.IPV6, self.DENY, self.PORTS_ALL, 0],
+        ]
 
         # Add and verify new ACLs
         rules = []
@@ -886,37 +966,47 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
                         self.assertEqual(dr.srcport_or_icmptype_last, 65535)
                     else:
                         if dr.proto == self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]:
-                            self.assertGreater(dr.srcport_or_icmptype_first,
-                                               self.tcp_sport_from-1)
-                            self.assertLess(dr.srcport_or_icmptype_first,
-                                            self.tcp_sport_to+1)
-                            self.assertGreater(dr.dstport_or_icmpcode_last,
-                                               self.tcp_dport_from-1)
-                            self.assertLess(dr.dstport_or_icmpcode_last,
-                                            self.tcp_dport_to+1)
+                            self.assertGreater(
+                                dr.srcport_or_icmptype_first, self.tcp_sport_from - 1
+                            )
+                            self.assertLess(
+                                dr.srcport_or_icmptype_first, self.tcp_sport_to + 1
+                            )
+                            self.assertGreater(
+                                dr.dstport_or_icmpcode_last, self.tcp_dport_from - 1
+                            )
+                            self.assertLess(
+                                dr.dstport_or_icmpcode_last, self.tcp_dport_to + 1
+                            )
                         elif dr.proto == self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]:
-                            self.assertGreater(dr.srcport_or_icmptype_first,
-                                               self.udp_sport_from-1)
-                            self.assertLess(dr.srcport_or_icmptype_first,
-                                            self.udp_sport_to+1)
-                            self.assertGreater(dr.dstport_or_icmpcode_last,
-                                               self.udp_dport_from-1)
-                            self.assertLess(dr.dstport_or_icmpcode_last,
-                                            self.udp_dport_to+1)
+                            self.assertGreater(
+                                dr.srcport_or_icmptype_first, self.udp_sport_from - 1
+                            )
+                            self.assertLess(
+                                dr.srcport_or_icmptype_first, self.udp_sport_to + 1
+                            )
+                            self.assertGreater(
+                                dr.dstport_or_icmpcode_last, self.udp_dport_from - 1
+                            )
+                            self.assertLess(
+                                dr.dstport_or_icmpcode_last, self.udp_dport_to + 1
+                            )
                 i += 1
 
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_FINISH_0014")
 
     def test_0015_tcp_permit_port_v4(self):
-        """ permit single TCPv4
-        """
+        """permit single TCPv4"""
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_START_0015")
 
         port = random.randint(16384, 65535)
         # Add an ACL
         rules = []
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, port,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]))
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, port, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]
+            )
+        )
         # deny ip any any in the end
         rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.DENY, self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
 
@@ -924,21 +1014,22 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
         self.apply_rules(rules, "permit ip4 tcp %d" % port)
 
         # Traffic should still pass
-        self.run_verify_test(self.IP, self.IPV4,
-                             self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP], port)
+        self.run_verify_test(self.IP, self.IPV4, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP], port)
 
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_FINISH_0015")
 
     def test_0016_udp_permit_port_v4(self):
-        """ permit single UDPv4
-        """
+        """permit single UDPv4"""
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_START_0016")
 
         port = random.randint(16384, 65535)
         # Add an ACL
         rules = []
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, port,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]))
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, port, self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]
+            )
+        )
         # deny ip any any in the end
         rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.DENY, self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
 
@@ -946,21 +1037,22 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
         self.apply_rules(rules, "permit ip4 tcp %d" % port)
 
         # Traffic should still pass
-        self.run_verify_test(self.IP, self.IPV4,
-                             self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP], port)
+        self.run_verify_test(self.IP, self.IPV4, self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP], port)
 
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_FINISH_0016")
 
     def test_0017_tcp_permit_port_v6(self):
-        """ permit single TCPv6
-        """
+        """permit single TCPv6"""
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_START_0017")
 
         port = random.randint(16384, 65535)
         # Add an ACL
         rules = []
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.PERMIT, port,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]))
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV6, self.PERMIT, port, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]
+            )
+        )
         # deny ip any any in the end
         rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.DENY, self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
 
@@ -968,90 +1060,89 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
         self.apply_rules(rules, "permit ip4 tcp %d" % port)
 
         # Traffic should still pass
-        self.run_verify_test(self.IP, self.IPV6,
-                             self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP], port)
+        self.run_verify_test(self.IP, self.IPV6, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP], port)
 
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_FINISH_0017")
 
     def test_0018_udp_permit_port_v6(self):
-        """ permit single UDPv6
-        """
+        """permit single UDPv6"""
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_START_0018")
 
         port = random.randint(16384, 65535)
         # Add an ACL
         rules = []
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.PERMIT, port,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]))
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV6, self.PERMIT, port, self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]
+            )
+        )
         # deny ip any any in the end
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.DENY,
-                                      self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
+        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.DENY, self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
 
         # Apply rules
         self.apply_rules(rules, "permit ip4 tcp %d" % port)
 
         # Traffic should still pass
-        self.run_verify_test(self.IP, self.IPV6,
-                             self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP], port)
+        self.run_verify_test(self.IP, self.IPV6, self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP], port)
 
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_FINISH_0018")
 
     def test_0019_udp_deny_port(self):
-        """ deny single TCPv4/v6
-        """
+        """deny single TCPv4/v6"""
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_START_0019")
 
         port = random.randint(16384, 65535)
         # Add an ACL
         rules = []
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.DENY, port,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]))
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.DENY, port,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]))
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.DENY, port, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP])
+        )
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.DENY, port, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP])
+        )
         # Permit ip any any in the end
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.PERMIT,
-                                      self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.PERMIT,
-                                      self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
+        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
+        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
 
         # Apply rules
         self.apply_rules(rules, "deny ip4/ip6 udp %d" % port)
 
         # Traffic should not pass
-        self.run_verify_negat_test(self.IP, self.IPRANDOM,
-                                   self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP], port)
+        self.run_verify_negat_test(
+            self.IP, self.IPRANDOM, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP], port
+        )
 
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_FINISH_0019")
 
     def test_0020_udp_deny_port(self):
-        """ deny single UDPv4/v6
-        """
+        """deny single UDPv4/v6"""
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_START_0020")
 
         port = random.randint(16384, 65535)
         # Add an ACL
         rules = []
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.DENY, port,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]))
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.DENY, port,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]))
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.DENY, port, self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP])
+        )
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.DENY, port, self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP])
+        )
         # Permit ip any any in the end
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.PERMIT,
-                                      self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.PERMIT,
-                                      self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
+        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
+        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
 
         # Apply rules
         self.apply_rules(rules, "deny ip4/ip6 udp %d" % port)
 
         # Traffic should not pass
-        self.run_verify_negat_test(self.IP, self.IPRANDOM,
-                                   self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP], port)
+        self.run_verify_negat_test(
+            self.IP, self.IPRANDOM, self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP], port
+        )
 
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_FINISH_0020")
 
     def test_0021_udp_deny_port_verify_fragment_deny(self):
-        """ deny single UDPv4/v6, permit ip any, verify non-initial fragment
+        """deny single UDPv4/v6, permit ip any, verify non-initial fragment
         blocked
         """
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_START_0021")
@@ -1059,37 +1150,40 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
         port = random.randint(16384, 65535)
         # Add an ACL
         rules = []
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.DENY, port,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]))
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.DENY, port,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]))
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.DENY, port, self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP])
+        )
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.DENY, port, self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP])
+        )
         # deny ip any any in the end
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.PERMIT,
-                                      self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.PERMIT,
-                                      self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
+        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
+        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
 
         # Apply rules
         self.apply_rules(rules, "deny ip4/ip6 udp %d" % port)
 
         # Traffic should not pass
-        self.run_verify_negat_test(self.IP, self.IPRANDOM,
-                                   self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP], port, True)
+        self.run_verify_negat_test(
+            self.IP, self.IPRANDOM, self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP], port, True
+        )
 
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_FINISH_0021")
 
     def test_0022_zero_length_udp_ipv4(self):
-        """ VPP-687 zero length udp ipv4 packet"""
+        """VPP-687 zero length udp ipv4 packet"""
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_START_0022")
 
         port = random.randint(16384, 65535)
         # Add an ACL
         rules = []
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, port,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]))
-        # deny ip any any in the end
         rules.append(
-            self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.DENY, self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, port, self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]
+            )
+        )
+        # deny ip any any in the end
+        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.DENY, self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
 
         # Apply rules
         self.apply_rules(rules, "permit empty udp ip4 %d" % port)
@@ -1097,10 +1191,16 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
         # Traffic should still pass
         # Create incoming packet streams for packet-generator interfaces
         pkts_cnt = 0
-        pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
-                                  self.IP, self.IPV4,
-                                  self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP], port,
-                                  False, False)
+        pkts = self.create_stream(
+            self.pg0,
+            self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
+            self.IP,
+            self.IPV4,
+            self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP],
+            port,
+            False,
+            False,
+        )
         if len(pkts) > 0:
             self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
             pkts_cnt += len(pkts)
@@ -1114,14 +1214,17 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_FINISH_0022")
 
     def test_0023_zero_length_udp_ipv6(self):
-        """ VPP-687 zero length udp ipv6 packet"""
+        """VPP-687 zero length udp ipv6 packet"""
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_START_0023")
 
         port = random.randint(16384, 65535)
         # Add an ACL
         rules = []
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.PERMIT, port,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]))
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV6, self.PERMIT, port, self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]
+            )
+        )
         # deny ip any any in the end
         rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.DENY, self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
 
@@ -1131,10 +1234,16 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
         # Traffic should still pass
         # Create incoming packet streams for packet-generator interfaces
         pkts_cnt = 0
-        pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
-                                  self.IP, self.IPV6,
-                                  self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP], port,
-                                  False, False)
+        pkts = self.create_stream(
+            self.pg0,
+            self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
+            self.IP,
+            self.IPV6,
+            self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP],
+            port,
+            False,
+            False,
+        )
         if len(pkts) > 0:
             self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
             pkts_cnt += len(pkts)
@@ -1149,16 +1258,21 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_FINISH_0023")
 
     def test_0108_tcp_permit_v4(self):
-        """ permit TCPv4 + non-match range
-        """
+        """permit TCPv4 + non-match range"""
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_START_0108")
 
         # Add an ACL
         rules = []
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.DENY, self.PORTS_RANGE_2,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]))
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_RANGE,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]))
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV4, self.DENY, self.PORTS_RANGE_2, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]
+            )
+        )
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_RANGE, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]
+            )
+        )
         # deny ip any any in the end
         rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.DENY, self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
 
@@ -1171,16 +1285,21 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_FINISH_0108")
 
     def test_0109_tcp_permit_v6(self):
-        """ permit TCPv6 + non-match range
-        """
+        """permit TCPv6 + non-match range"""
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_START_0109")
 
         # Add an ACL
         rules = []
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.DENY, self.PORTS_RANGE_2,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]))
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_RANGE,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]))
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV6, self.DENY, self.PORTS_RANGE_2, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]
+            )
+        )
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV6, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_RANGE, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]
+            )
+        )
         # deny ip any any in the end
         rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.DENY, self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
 
@@ -1193,16 +1312,21 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_FINISH_0109")
 
     def test_0110_udp_permit_v4(self):
-        """ permit UDPv4 + non-match range
-        """
+        """permit UDPv4 + non-match range"""
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_START_0110")
 
         # Add an ACL
         rules = []
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.DENY, self.PORTS_RANGE_2,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]))
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_RANGE,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]))
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV4, self.DENY, self.PORTS_RANGE_2, self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]
+            )
+        )
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_RANGE, self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]
+            )
+        )
         # deny ip any any in the end
         rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.DENY, self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
 
@@ -1215,16 +1339,21 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_FINISH_0110")
 
     def test_0111_udp_permit_v6(self):
-        """ permit UDPv6 + non-match range
-        """
+        """permit UDPv6 + non-match range"""
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_START_0111")
 
         # Add an ACL
         rules = []
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.DENY, self.PORTS_RANGE_2,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]))
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_RANGE,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]))
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV6, self.DENY, self.PORTS_RANGE_2, self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]
+            )
+        )
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV6, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_RANGE, self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]
+            )
+        )
         # deny ip any any in the end
         rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.DENY, self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
 
@@ -1237,80 +1366,113 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_FINISH_0111")
 
     def test_0112_tcp_deny(self):
-        """ deny TCPv4/v6 + non-match range
-        """
+        """deny TCPv4/v6 + non-match range"""
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_START_0112")
 
         # Add an ACL
         rules = []
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.PERMIT,
-                                      self.PORTS_RANGE_2,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]))
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.PERMIT,
-                                      self.PORTS_RANGE_2,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]))
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.DENY, self.PORTS_RANGE,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]))
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.DENY, self.PORTS_RANGE,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]))
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV4,
+                self.PERMIT,
+                self.PORTS_RANGE_2,
+                self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP],
+            )
+        )
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV6,
+                self.PERMIT,
+                self.PORTS_RANGE_2,
+                self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP],
+            )
+        )
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV4, self.DENY, self.PORTS_RANGE, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]
+            )
+        )
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV6, self.DENY, self.PORTS_RANGE, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]
+            )
+        )
         # permit ip any any in the end
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.PERMIT,
-                                      self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.PERMIT,
-                                      self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
+        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
+        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
 
         # Apply rules
         self.apply_rules(rules, "deny ip4/ip6 tcp")
 
         # Traffic should not pass
-        self.run_verify_negat_test(self.IP, self.IPRANDOM,
-                                   self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP])
+        self.run_verify_negat_test(
+            self.IP, self.IPRANDOM, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]
+        )
 
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_FINISH_0112")
 
     def test_0113_udp_deny(self):
-        """ deny UDPv4/v6 + non-match range
-        """
+        """deny UDPv4/v6 + non-match range"""
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_START_0113")
 
         # Add an ACL
         rules = []
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.PERMIT,
-                                      self.PORTS_RANGE_2,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]))
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.PERMIT,
-                                      self.PORTS_RANGE_2,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]))
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.DENY, self.PORTS_RANGE,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]))
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.DENY, self.PORTS_RANGE,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]))
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV4,
+                self.PERMIT,
+                self.PORTS_RANGE_2,
+                self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP],
+            )
+        )
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV6,
+                self.PERMIT,
+                self.PORTS_RANGE_2,
+                self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP],
+            )
+        )
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV4, self.DENY, self.PORTS_RANGE, self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]
+            )
+        )
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV6, self.DENY, self.PORTS_RANGE, self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]
+            )
+        )
         # permit ip any any in the end
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.PERMIT,
-                                      self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.PERMIT,
-                                      self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
+        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
+        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV6, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
 
         # Apply rules
         self.apply_rules(rules, "deny ip4/ip6 udp")
 
         # Traffic should not pass
-        self.run_verify_negat_test(self.IP, self.IPRANDOM,
-                                   self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP])
+        self.run_verify_negat_test(
+            self.IP, self.IPRANDOM, self.proto[self.IP][self.UDP]
+        )
 
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_FINISH_0113")
 
     def test_0300_tcp_permit_v4_etype_aaaa(self):
-        """ permit TCPv4, send 0xAAAA etype
-        """
+        """permit TCPv4, send 0xAAAA etype"""
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_START_0300")
 
         # Add an ACL
         rules = []
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.DENY, self.PORTS_RANGE_2,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]))
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_RANGE,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]))
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV4, self.DENY, self.PORTS_RANGE_2, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]
+            )
+        )
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_RANGE, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]
+            )
+        )
         # deny ip any any in the end
         rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.DENY, self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
 
@@ -1318,33 +1480,39 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
         self.apply_rules(rules, "permit ipv4 tcp")
 
         # Traffic should still pass also for an odd ethertype
-        self.run_verify_test(self.IP, self.IPV4, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP],
-                             0, False, True, 0xaaaa)
+        self.run_verify_test(
+            self.IP, self.IPV4, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP], 0, False, True, 0xAAAA
+        )
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_FINISH_0300")
 
     def test_0305_tcp_permit_v4_etype_blacklist_aaaa(self):
-        """ permit TCPv4, whitelist 0x0BBB ethertype, send 0xAAAA-blocked
-        """
+        """permit TCPv4, whitelist 0x0BBB ethertype, send 0xAAAA-blocked"""
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_START_0305")
 
         # Add an ACL
         rules = []
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.DENY, self.PORTS_RANGE_2,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]))
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_RANGE,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]))
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV4, self.DENY, self.PORTS_RANGE_2, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]
+            )
+        )
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_RANGE, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]
+            )
+        )
         # deny ip any any in the end
         rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.DENY, self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
 
         # Apply rules
         self.apply_rules(rules, "permit ipv4 tcp")
         # whitelist the 0xbbbb etype - so the 0xaaaa should be blocked
-        self.etype_whitelist([0xbbb], 1)
+        self.etype_whitelist([0xBBB], 1)
 
         # The oddball ethertype should be blocked
-        self.run_verify_negat_test(self.IP, self.IPV4,
-                                   self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP],
-                                   0, False, 0xaaaa)
+        self.run_verify_negat_test(
+            self.IP, self.IPV4, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP], 0, False, 0xAAAA
+        )
 
         # remove the whitelist
         self.etype_whitelist([], 0, add=False)
@@ -1352,27 +1520,33 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_FINISH_0305")
 
     def test_0306_tcp_permit_v4_etype_blacklist_aaaa(self):
-        """ permit TCPv4, whitelist 0x0BBB ethertype, send 0x0BBB - pass
-        """
+        """permit TCPv4, whitelist 0x0BBB ethertype, send 0x0BBB - pass"""
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_START_0306")
 
         # Add an ACL
         rules = []
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.DENY, self.PORTS_RANGE_2,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]))
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_RANGE,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]))
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV4, self.DENY, self.PORTS_RANGE_2, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]
+            )
+        )
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_RANGE, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]
+            )
+        )
         # deny ip any any in the end
         rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.DENY, self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
 
         # Apply rules
         self.apply_rules(rules, "permit ipv4 tcp")
         # whitelist the 0xbbbb etype - so the 0xaaaa should be blocked
-        self.etype_whitelist([0xbbb], 1)
+        self.etype_whitelist([0xBBB], 1)
 
         # The whitelisted traffic, should pass
-        self.run_verify_test(self.IP, self.IPV4, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP],
-                             0, False, True, 0x0bbb)
+        self.run_verify_test(
+            self.IP, self.IPV4, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP], 0, False, True, 0x0BBB
+        )
 
         # remove the whitelist, the previously blocked 0xAAAA should pass now
         self.etype_whitelist([], 0, add=False)
@@ -1380,16 +1554,21 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_FINISH_0306")
 
     def test_0307_tcp_permit_v4_etype_blacklist_aaaa(self):
-        """ permit TCPv4, whitelist 0x0BBB, remove, send 0xAAAA - pass
-        """
+        """permit TCPv4, whitelist 0x0BBB, remove, send 0xAAAA - pass"""
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_START_0307")
 
         # Add an ACL
         rules = []
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.DENY, self.PORTS_RANGE_2,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]))
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_RANGE,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]))
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV4, self.DENY, self.PORTS_RANGE_2, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]
+            )
+        )
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_RANGE, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]
+            )
+        )
         # deny ip any any in the end
         rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.DENY, self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
 
@@ -1397,27 +1576,33 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
         self.apply_rules(rules, "permit ipv4 tcp")
 
         # whitelist the 0xbbbb etype - so the 0xaaaa should be blocked
-        self.etype_whitelist([0xbbb], 1)
+        self.etype_whitelist([0xBBB], 1)
         # remove the whitelist, the previously blocked 0xAAAA should pass now
         self.etype_whitelist([], 0, add=False)
 
         # The whitelisted traffic, should pass
-        self.run_verify_test(self.IP, self.IPV4, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP],
-                             0, False, True, 0xaaaa)
+        self.run_verify_test(
+            self.IP, self.IPV4, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP], 0, False, True, 0xAAAA
+        )
 
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_FINISH_0306")
 
     def test_0315_del_intf(self):
-        """ apply an acl and delete the interface
-        """
+        """apply an acl and delete the interface"""
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_START_0315")
 
         # Add an ACL
         rules = []
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.DENY, self.PORTS_RANGE_2,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]))
-        rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_RANGE,
-                                      self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]))
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV4, self.DENY, self.PORTS_RANGE_2, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]
+            )
+        )
+        rules.append(
+            self.create_rule(
+                self.IPV4, self.PERMIT, self.PORTS_RANGE, self.proto[self.IP][self.TCP]
+            )
+        )
         # deny ip any any in the end
         rules.append(self.create_rule(self.IPV4, self.DENY, self.PORTS_ALL, 0))
 
@@ -1434,5 +1619,5 @@ class TestACLplugin(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.info("ACLP_TEST_FINISH_0315")
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_acl_plugin_conns.py b/test/test_acl_plugin_conns.py
index cbf0ab37cf8..1b41698d6c0 100644
--- a/test/test_acl_plugin_conns.py
+++ b/test/test_acl_plugin_conns.py
@@ -39,14 +39,16 @@ def to_acl_rule(self, is_permit, wildcard_sport=False):
         rule_l4_sport_first = rule_l4_sport
         rule_l4_sport_last = rule_l4_sport
 
-    new_rule = AclRule(is_permit=is_permit, proto=rule_l4_proto,
-                       src_prefix=ip_network(
-                           (p[rule_l3_layer].src, rule_prefix_len)),
-                       dst_prefix=ip_network(
-                           (p[rule_l3_layer].dst, rule_prefix_len)),
-                       sport_from=rule_l4_sport_first,
-                       sport_to=rule_l4_sport_last,
-                       dport_from=rule_l4_dport, dport_to=rule_l4_dport)
+    new_rule = AclRule(
+        is_permit=is_permit,
+        proto=rule_l4_proto,
+        src_prefix=ip_network((p[rule_l3_layer].src, rule_prefix_len)),
+        dst_prefix=ip_network((p[rule_l3_layer].dst, rule_prefix_len)),
+        sport_from=rule_l4_sport_first,
+        sport_to=rule_l4_sport_last,
+        dport_from=rule_l4_dport,
+        dport_to=rule_l4_dport,
+    )
 
     return new_rule
 
@@ -54,7 +56,7 @@ def to_acl_rule(self, is_permit, wildcard_sport=False):
 Packet.to_acl_rule = to_acl_rule
 
 
-class IterateWithSleep():
+class IterateWithSleep:
     def __init__(self, testcase, n_iters, description, sleep_sec):
         self.curr = 0
         self.testcase = testcase
@@ -87,21 +89,27 @@ class Conn(L4_Conn):
         deny_acl.add_vpp_config()
 
         if reflect_side == acl_side:
-            acl_if0 = VppAclInterface(self.testcase,
-                                      self.ifs[acl_side].sw_if_index,
-                                      [reflect_acl, deny_acl], n_input=1)
-            acl_if1 = VppAclInterface(self.testcase,
-                                      self.ifs[1-acl_side].sw_if_index, [],
-                                      n_input=0)
+            acl_if0 = VppAclInterface(
+                self.testcase,
+                self.ifs[acl_side].sw_if_index,
+                [reflect_acl, deny_acl],
+                n_input=1,
+            )
+            acl_if1 = VppAclInterface(
+                self.testcase, self.ifs[1 - acl_side].sw_if_index, [], n_input=0
+            )
             acl_if0.add_vpp_config()
             acl_if1.add_vpp_config()
         else:
-            acl_if0 = VppAclInterface(self.testcase,
-                                      self.ifs[acl_side].sw_if_index,
-                                      [deny_acl, reflect_acl], n_input=1)
-            acl_if1 = VppAclInterface(self.testcase,
-                                      self.ifs[1-acl_side].sw_if_index, [],
-                                      n_input=0)
+            acl_if0 = VppAclInterface(
+                self.testcase,
+                self.ifs[acl_side].sw_if_index,
+                [deny_acl, reflect_acl],
+                n_input=1,
+            )
+            acl_if1 = VppAclInterface(
+                self.testcase, self.ifs[1 - acl_side].sw_if_index, [], n_input=0
+            )
             acl_if0.add_vpp_config()
             acl_if1.add_vpp_config()
 
@@ -109,19 +117,22 @@ class Conn(L4_Conn):
         any_addr = ["0.0.0.0", "::"]
         rule_family = self.address_family
         is_ip6 = 1 if rule_family == AF_INET6 else 0
-        new_rule = AclRule(is_permit=is_permit, proto=0,
-                           src_prefix=ip_network(
-                               (any_addr[is_ip6], 0)),
-                           dst_prefix=ip_network(
-                               (any_addr[is_ip6], 0)),
-                           sport_from=0, sport_to=65535, dport_from=0,
-                           dport_to=65535)
+        new_rule = AclRule(
+            is_permit=is_permit,
+            proto=0,
+            src_prefix=ip_network((any_addr[is_ip6], 0)),
+            dst_prefix=ip_network((any_addr[is_ip6], 0)),
+            sport_from=0,
+            sport_to=65535,
+            dport_from=0,
+            dport_to=65535,
+        )
         return new_rule
 
 
 @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
 class ACLPluginConnTestCase(VppTestCase):
-    """ ACL plugin connection-oriented extended testcases """
+    """ACL plugin connection-oriented extended testcases"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -142,8 +153,7 @@ class ACLPluginConnTestCase(VppTestCase):
         super(ACLPluginConnTestCase, cls).tearDownClass()
 
     def tearDown(self):
-        """Run standard test teardown and log various show commands
-        """
+        """Run standard test teardown and log various show commands"""
         super(ACLPluginConnTestCase, self).tearDown()
 
     def show_commands_at_teardown(self):
@@ -156,7 +166,7 @@ class ACLPluginConnTestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show event-logger all"))
 
     def run_basic_conn_test(self, af, acl_side):
-        """ Basic conn timeout test """
+        """Basic conn timeout test"""
         conn1 = Conn(self, self.pg0, self.pg1, af, UDP, 42001, 4242)
         conn1.apply_acls(0, acl_side)
         conn1.send_through(0)
@@ -178,8 +188,8 @@ class ACLPluginConnTestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.assert_equal(p2, None, "packet on long-idle conn")
 
     def run_active_conn_test(self, af, acl_side):
-        """ Idle connection behind active connection test """
-        base = 10000 + 1000*acl_side
+        """Idle connection behind active connection test"""
+        base = 10000 + 1000 * acl_side
         conn1 = Conn(self, self.pg0, self.pg1, af, UDP, base + 1, 2323)
         conn2 = Conn(self, self.pg0, self.pg1, af, UDP, base + 2, 2323)
         conn3 = Conn(self, self.pg0, self.pg1, af, UDP, base + 3, 2323)
@@ -206,7 +216,7 @@ class ACLPluginConnTestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.assert_equal(p2, None, "packet on long-idle conn")
 
     def run_clear_conn_test(self, af, acl_side):
-        """ Clear the connections via CLI """
+        """Clear the connections via CLI"""
         conn1 = Conn(self, self.pg0, self.pg1, af, UDP, 42001, 4242)
         conn1.apply_acls(0, acl_side)
         conn1.send_through(0)
@@ -229,9 +239,9 @@ class ACLPluginConnTestCase(VppTestCase):
     def run_tcp_transient_setup_conn_test(self, af, acl_side):
         conn1 = Conn(self, self.pg0, self.pg1, af, TCP, 53001, 5151)
         conn1.apply_acls(0, acl_side)
-        conn1.send_through(0, 'S')
+        conn1.send_through(0, "S")
         # the return packets should pass
-        conn1.send_through(1, 'SA')
+        conn1.send_through(1, "SA")
         # allow the conn to time out
         for i in IterateWithSleep(self, 30, "Wait for timeout", 0.1):
             pass
@@ -247,17 +257,17 @@ class ACLPluginConnTestCase(VppTestCase):
     def run_tcp_established_conn_test(self, af, acl_side):
         conn1 = Conn(self, self.pg0, self.pg1, af, TCP, 53002, 5052)
         conn1.apply_acls(0, acl_side)
-        conn1.send_through(0, 'S')
+        conn1.send_through(0, "S")
         # the return packets should pass
-        conn1.send_through(1, 'SA')
+        conn1.send_through(1, "SA")
         # complete the threeway handshake
         # (NB: sequence numbers not tracked, so not set!)
-        conn1.send_through(0, 'A')
+        conn1.send_through(0, "A")
         # allow the conn to time out if it's in embryonic timer
         for i in IterateWithSleep(self, 30, "Wait for transient timeout", 0.1):
             pass
         # Try to send the packet from the "forbidden" side - it must pass
-        conn1.send_through(1, 'A')
+        conn1.send_through(1, "A")
         # ensure conn times out for real
         for i in IterateWithSleep(self, 130, "Wait for timeout", 0.1):
             pass
@@ -272,19 +282,19 @@ class ACLPluginConnTestCase(VppTestCase):
     def run_tcp_transient_teardown_conn_test(self, af, acl_side):
         conn1 = Conn(self, self.pg0, self.pg1, af, TCP, 53002, 5052)
         conn1.apply_acls(0, acl_side)
-        conn1.send_through(0, 'S')
+        conn1.send_through(0, "S")
         # the return packets should pass
-        conn1.send_through(1, 'SA')
+        conn1.send_through(1, "SA")
         # complete the threeway handshake
         # (NB: sequence numbers not tracked, so not set!)
-        conn1.send_through(0, 'A')
+        conn1.send_through(0, "A")
         # allow the conn to time out if it's in embryonic timer
         for i in IterateWithSleep(self, 30, "Wait for transient timeout", 0.1):
             pass
         # Try to send the packet from the "forbidden" side - it must pass
-        conn1.send_through(1, 'A')
+        conn1.send_through(1, "A")
         # Send the FIN to bounce the session out of established
-        conn1.send_through(1, 'FA')
+        conn1.send_through(1, "FA")
         # If conn landed on transient timer it will time out here
         for i in IterateWithSleep(self, 30, "Wait for transient timeout", 0.1):
             pass
@@ -298,59 +308,59 @@ class ACLPluginConnTestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.assert_equal(p2, None, "packet on supposedly deleted conn")
 
     def test_0000_conn_prepare_test(self):
-        """ Prepare the settings """
+        """Prepare the settings"""
         self.vapi.ppcli("set acl-plugin session timeout udp idle 1")
 
     def test_0001_basic_conn_test(self):
-        """ IPv4: Basic conn timeout test reflect on ingress """
+        """IPv4: Basic conn timeout test reflect on ingress"""
         self.run_basic_conn_test(AF_INET, 0)
 
     def test_0002_basic_conn_test(self):
-        """ IPv4: Basic conn timeout test reflect on egress """
+        """IPv4: Basic conn timeout test reflect on egress"""
         self.run_basic_conn_test(AF_INET, 1)
 
     def test_0005_clear_conn_test(self):
-        """ IPv4: reflect egress, clear conn """
+        """IPv4: reflect egress, clear conn"""
         self.run_clear_conn_test(AF_INET, 1)
 
     def test_0006_clear_conn_test(self):
-        """ IPv4: reflect ingress, clear conn """
+        """IPv4: reflect ingress, clear conn"""
         self.run_clear_conn_test(AF_INET, 0)
 
     def test_0011_active_conn_test(self):
-        """ IPv4: Idle conn behind active conn, reflect on ingress """
+        """IPv4: Idle conn behind active conn, reflect on ingress"""
         self.run_active_conn_test(AF_INET, 0)
 
     def test_0012_active_conn_test(self):
-        """ IPv4: Idle conn behind active conn, reflect on egress """
+        """IPv4: Idle conn behind active conn, reflect on egress"""
         self.run_active_conn_test(AF_INET, 1)
 
     def test_1001_basic_conn_test(self):
-        """ IPv6: Basic conn timeout test reflect on ingress """
+        """IPv6: Basic conn timeout test reflect on ingress"""
         self.run_basic_conn_test(AF_INET6, 0)
 
     def test_1002_basic_conn_test(self):
-        """ IPv6: Basic conn timeout test reflect on egress """
+        """IPv6: Basic conn timeout test reflect on egress"""
         self.run_basic_conn_test(AF_INET6, 1)
 
     def test_1005_clear_conn_test(self):
-        """ IPv6: reflect egress, clear conn """
+        """IPv6: reflect egress, clear conn"""
         self.run_clear_conn_test(AF_INET6, 1)
 
     def test_1006_clear_conn_test(self):
-        """ IPv6: reflect ingress, clear conn """
+        """IPv6: reflect ingress, clear conn"""
         self.run_clear_conn_test(AF_INET6, 0)
 
     def test_1011_active_conn_test(self):
-        """ IPv6: Idle conn behind active conn, reflect on ingress """
+        """IPv6: Idle conn behind active conn, reflect on ingress"""
         self.run_active_conn_test(AF_INET6, 0)
 
     def test_1012_active_conn_test(self):
-        """ IPv6: Idle conn behind active conn, reflect on egress """
+        """IPv6: Idle conn behind active conn, reflect on egress"""
         self.run_active_conn_test(AF_INET6, 1)
 
     def test_2000_prepare_for_tcp_test(self):
-        """ Prepare for TCP session tests """
+        """Prepare for TCP session tests"""
         # ensure the session hangs on if it gets treated as UDP
         self.vapi.ppcli("set acl-plugin session timeout udp idle 200")
         # let the TCP connection time out at 5 seconds
@@ -358,49 +368,49 @@ class ACLPluginConnTestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.vapi.ppcli("set acl-plugin session timeout tcp transient 1")
 
     def test_2001_tcp_transient_conn_test(self):
-        """ IPv4: transient TCP session (incomplete 3WHS), ref. on ingress """
+        """IPv4: transient TCP session (incomplete 3WHS), ref. on ingress"""
         self.run_tcp_transient_setup_conn_test(AF_INET, 0)
 
     def test_2002_tcp_transient_conn_test(self):
-        """ IPv4: transient TCP session (incomplete 3WHS), ref. on egress """
+        """IPv4: transient TCP session (incomplete 3WHS), ref. on egress"""
         self.run_tcp_transient_setup_conn_test(AF_INET, 1)
 
     def test_2003_tcp_transient_conn_test(self):
-        """ IPv4: established TCP session (complete 3WHS), ref. on ingress """
+        """IPv4: established TCP session (complete 3WHS), ref. on ingress"""
         self.run_tcp_established_conn_test(AF_INET, 0)
 
     def test_2004_tcp_transient_conn_test(self):
-        """ IPv4: established TCP session (complete 3WHS), ref. on egress """
+        """IPv4: established TCP session (complete 3WHS), ref. on egress"""
         self.run_tcp_established_conn_test(AF_INET, 1)
 
     def test_2005_tcp_transient_teardown_conn_test(self):
-        """ IPv4: transient TCP session (3WHS,ACK,FINACK), ref. on ingress """
+        """IPv4: transient TCP session (3WHS,ACK,FINACK), ref. on ingress"""
         self.run_tcp_transient_teardown_conn_test(AF_INET, 0)
 
     def test_2006_tcp_transient_teardown_conn_test(self):
-        """ IPv4: transient TCP session (3WHS,ACK,FINACK), ref. on egress """
+        """IPv4: transient TCP session (3WHS,ACK,FINACK), ref. on egress"""
         self.run_tcp_transient_teardown_conn_test(AF_INET, 1)
 
     def test_3001_tcp_transient_conn_test(self):
-        """ IPv6: transient TCP session (incomplete 3WHS), ref. on ingress """
+        """IPv6: transient TCP session (incomplete 3WHS), ref. on ingress"""
         self.run_tcp_transient_setup_conn_test(AF_INET6, 0)
 
     def test_3002_tcp_transient_conn_test(self):
-        """ IPv6: transient TCP session (incomplete 3WHS), ref. on egress """
+        """IPv6: transient TCP session (incomplete 3WHS), ref. on egress"""
         self.run_tcp_transient_setup_conn_test(AF_INET6, 1)
 
     def test_3003_tcp_transient_conn_test(self):
-        """ IPv6: established TCP session (complete 3WHS), ref. on ingress """
+        """IPv6: established TCP session (complete 3WHS), ref. on ingress"""
         self.run_tcp_established_conn_test(AF_INET6, 0)
 
     def test_3004_tcp_transient_conn_test(self):
-        """ IPv6: established TCP session (complete 3WHS), ref. on egress """
+        """IPv6: established TCP session (complete 3WHS), ref. on egress"""
         self.run_tcp_established_conn_test(AF_INET6, 1)
 
     def test_3005_tcp_transient_teardown_conn_test(self):
-        """ IPv6: transient TCP session (3WHS,ACK,FINACK), ref. on ingress """
+        """IPv6: transient TCP session (3WHS,ACK,FINACK), ref. on ingress"""
         self.run_tcp_transient_teardown_conn_test(AF_INET6, 0)
 
     def test_3006_tcp_transient_teardown_conn_test(self):
-        """ IPv6: transient TCP session (3WHS,ACK,FINACK), ref. on egress """
+        """IPv6: transient TCP session (3WHS,ACK,FINACK), ref. on egress"""
         self.run_tcp_transient_teardown_conn_test(AF_INET6, 1)
diff --git a/test/test_acl_plugin_l2l3.py b/test/test_acl_plugin_l2l3.py
index 48faafb7398..343e611751b 100644
--- a/test/test_acl_plugin_l2l3.py
+++ b/test/test_acl_plugin_l2l3.py
@@ -76,12 +76,16 @@ class TestACLpluginL2L3(VppTestCase):
 
         # Create BD with MAC learning enabled and put interfaces to this BD
         cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=cls.loop0.sw_if_index, bd_id=cls.bd_id,
-            port_type=L2_PORT_TYPE.BVI)
-        cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(rx_sw_if_index=cls.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                            bd_id=cls.bd_id)
-        cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(rx_sw_if_index=cls.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                            bd_id=cls.bd_id)
+            rx_sw_if_index=cls.loop0.sw_if_index,
+            bd_id=cls.bd_id,
+            port_type=L2_PORT_TYPE.BVI,
+        )
+        cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
+            rx_sw_if_index=cls.pg0.sw_if_index, bd_id=cls.bd_id
+        )
+        cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
+            rx_sw_if_index=cls.pg1.sw_if_index, bd_id=cls.bd_id
+        )
 
         # Configure IPv4 addresses on loopback interface and routed interface
         cls.loop0.config_ip4()
@@ -125,8 +129,7 @@ class TestACLpluginL2L3(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show l2patch"))
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show classify tables"))
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show l2fib verbose"))
-        self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show bridge-domain %s detail" %
-                                       self.bd_id))
+        self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show bridge-domain %s detail" % self.bd_id))
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show ip neighbors"))
         cmd = "show acl-plugin sessions verbose 1"
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli(cmd))
@@ -134,23 +137,33 @@ class TestACLpluginL2L3(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show acl-plugin interface"))
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show acl-plugin tables"))
 
-    def create_stream(self, src_ip_if, dst_ip_if, reverse, packet_sizes,
-                      is_ip6, expect_blocked, expect_established,
-                      add_extension_header, icmp_stateful=False):
+    def create_stream(
+        self,
+        src_ip_if,
+        dst_ip_if,
+        reverse,
+        packet_sizes,
+        is_ip6,
+        expect_blocked,
+        expect_established,
+        add_extension_header,
+        icmp_stateful=False,
+    ):
         pkts = []
         rules = []
         permit_rules = []
         permit_and_reflect_rules = []
         total_packet_count = 8
         for i in range(0, total_packet_count):
-            modulo = (i//2) % 2
+            modulo = (i // 2) % 2
             icmp_type_delta = i % 2
             icmp_code = i
-            is_udp_packet = (modulo == 0)
+            is_udp_packet = modulo == 0
             if is_udp_packet and icmp_stateful:
                 continue
-            is_reflectable_icmp = (icmp_stateful and icmp_type_delta == 0 and
-                                   not is_udp_packet)
+            is_reflectable_icmp = (
+                icmp_stateful and icmp_type_delta == 0 and not is_udp_packet
+            )
             is_reflected_icmp = is_reflectable_icmp and expect_established
             can_reflect_this_packet = is_udp_packet or is_reflectable_icmp
             is_permit = i % 2
@@ -161,9 +174,9 @@ class TestACLpluginL2L3(VppTestCase):
                 payload = self.info_to_payload(info)
             else:
                 to_be_blocked = False
-                if (expect_blocked and not expect_established):
+                if expect_blocked and not expect_established:
                     to_be_blocked = True
-                if (not can_reflect_this_packet):
+                if not can_reflect_this_packet:
                     to_be_blocked = True
                 if to_be_blocked:
                     payload = "to be blocked"
@@ -171,7 +184,7 @@ class TestACLpluginL2L3(VppTestCase):
                     info = self.create_packet_info(src_ip_if, dst_ip_if)
                     payload = self.info_to_payload(info)
             if reverse:
-                dst_mac = 'de:ad:00:00:00:00'
+                dst_mac = "de:ad:00:00:00:00"
                 src_mac = remote_dst_host._mac
                 dst_ip6 = src_ip_if.remote_ip6
                 src_ip6 = remote_dst_host.ip6
@@ -201,42 +214,53 @@ class TestACLpluginL2L3(VppTestCase):
                     ulp_l4 = UDP(sport=src_l4, dport=dst_l4)
                     if add_extension_header:
                         # prepend some extension headers
-                        ulp = (IPv6ExtHdrRouting() / IPv6ExtHdrRouting() /
-                               IPv6ExtHdrFragment(offset=0, m=1) / ulp_l4)
+                        ulp = (
+                            IPv6ExtHdrRouting()
+                            / IPv6ExtHdrRouting()
+                            / IPv6ExtHdrFragment(offset=0, m=1)
+                            / ulp_l4
+                        )
                         # uncomment below to test invalid ones
                         # ulp = IPv6ExtHdrRouting(len = 200) / ulp_l4
                     else:
                         ulp = ulp_l4
-                    p = (Ether(dst=dst_mac, src=src_mac) /
-                         IPv6(src=src_ip6, dst=dst_ip6) /
-                         ulp /
-                         Raw(payload))
+                    p = (
+                        Ether(dst=dst_mac, src=src_mac)
+                        / IPv6(src=src_ip6, dst=dst_ip6)
+                        / ulp
+                        / Raw(payload)
+                    )
                 else:
                     ulp_l4 = UDP(sport=src_l4, dport=dst_l4)
                     # IPv4 does not allow extension headers,
                     # but we rather make it a first fragment
                     flags = 1 if add_extension_header else 0
                     ulp = ulp_l4
-                    p = (Ether(dst=dst_mac, src=src_mac) /
-                         IP(src=src_ip4, dst=dst_ip4, frag=0, flags=flags) /
-                         ulp /
-                         Raw(payload))
+                    p = (
+                        Ether(dst=dst_mac, src=src_mac)
+                        / IP(src=src_ip4, dst=dst_ip4, frag=0, flags=flags)
+                        / ulp
+                        / Raw(payload)
+                    )
             elif modulo == 1:
                 if is_ip6:
-                    ulp_l4 = ICMPv6Unknown(type=128 + icmp_type_delta,
-                                           code=icmp_code)
+                    ulp_l4 = ICMPv6Unknown(type=128 + icmp_type_delta, code=icmp_code)
                     ulp = ulp_l4
-                    p = (Ether(dst=dst_mac, src=src_mac) /
-                         IPv6(src=src_ip6, dst=dst_ip6) /
-                         ulp /
-                         Raw(payload))
+                    p = (
+                        Ether(dst=dst_mac, src=src_mac)
+                        / IPv6(src=src_ip6, dst=dst_ip6)
+                        / ulp
+                        / Raw(payload)
+                    )
                 else:
-                    ulp_l4 = ICMP(type=8 - 8*icmp_type_delta, code=icmp_code)
+                    ulp_l4 = ICMP(type=8 - 8 * icmp_type_delta, code=icmp_code)
                     ulp = ulp_l4
-                    p = (Ether(dst=dst_mac, src=src_mac) /
-                         IP(src=src_ip4, dst=dst_ip4) /
-                         ulp /
-                         Raw(payload))
+                    p = (
+                        Ether(dst=dst_mac, src=src_mac)
+                        / IP(src=src_ip4, dst=dst_ip4)
+                        / ulp
+                        / Raw(payload)
+                    )
 
             if i % 2 == 1:
                 info.data = p.copy()
@@ -259,19 +283,20 @@ class TestACLpluginL2L3(VppTestCase):
                     rule_l4_sport = p[ICMPv6Unknown].type
                     rule_l4_dport = p[ICMPv6Unknown].code
             if p.haslayer(IPv6):
-                rule_l4_proto = ulp_l4.overload_fields[IPv6]['nh']
+                rule_l4_proto = ulp_l4.overload_fields[IPv6]["nh"]
             else:
                 rule_l4_proto = p[IP].proto
 
-            new_rule = AclRule(is_permit=is_permit, proto=rule_l4_proto,
-                               src_prefix=ip_network(
-                                   (p[rule_l3_layer].src, rule_prefix_len)),
-                               dst_prefix=ip_network(
-                                   (p[rule_l3_layer].dst, rule_prefix_len)),
-                               sport_from=rule_l4_sport,
-                               sport_to=rule_l4_sport,
-                               dport_from=rule_l4_dport,
-                               dport_to=rule_l4_dport)
+            new_rule = AclRule(
+                is_permit=is_permit,
+                proto=rule_l4_proto,
+                src_prefix=ip_network((p[rule_l3_layer].src, rule_prefix_len)),
+                dst_prefix=ip_network((p[rule_l3_layer].dst, rule_prefix_len)),
+                sport_from=rule_l4_sport,
+                sport_to=rule_l4_sport,
+                dport_from=rule_l4_dport,
+                dport_to=rule_l4_dport,
+            )
 
             rules.append(new_rule)
             new_rule_permit = copy.copy(new_rule)
@@ -287,10 +312,12 @@ class TestACLpluginL2L3(VppTestCase):
             permit_and_reflect_rules.append(new_rule_permit_and_reflect)
             self.logger.info("create_stream pkt#%d: %s" % (i, payload))
 
-        return {'stream': pkts,
-                'rules': rules,
-                'permit_rules': permit_rules,
-                'permit_and_reflect_rules': permit_and_reflect_rules}
+        return {
+            "stream": pkts,
+            "rules": rules,
+            "permit_rules": permit_rules,
+            "permit_and_reflect_rules": permit_and_reflect_rules,
+        }
 
     def verify_capture(self, dst_ip_if, src_ip_if, capture, reverse):
         last_info = dict()
@@ -316,11 +343,13 @@ class TestACLpluginL2L3(VppTestCase):
                 data = scapy.compat.raw(packet[UDP][Raw])
             else:
                 if l3 == IP:
-                    data = scapy.compat.raw(ICMP(
-                        scapy.compat.raw(packet[l3].payload))[Raw])
+                    data = scapy.compat.raw(
+                        ICMP(scapy.compat.raw(packet[l3].payload))[Raw]
+                    )
                 else:
-                    data = scapy.compat.raw(ICMPv6Unknown(
-                        scapy.compat.raw(packet[l3].payload)).msgbody)
+                    data = scapy.compat.raw(
+                        ICMPv6Unknown(scapy.compat.raw(packet[l3].payload)).msgbody
+                    )
             udp_or_icmp = packet[l3].payload
             data_obj = Raw(data)
             # FIXME: make framework believe we are on object
@@ -330,8 +359,8 @@ class TestACLpluginL2L3(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(payload_info.dst, dst_ip_sw_if_index)
 
             next_info = self.get_next_packet_info_for_interface2(
-                payload_info.src, dst_ip_sw_if_index,
-                last_info[payload_info.src])
+                payload_info.src, dst_ip_sw_if_index, last_info[payload_info.src]
+            )
             last_info[payload_info.src] = next_info
             self.assertTrue(next_info is not None)
             self.assertEqual(packet_index, next_info.index)
@@ -400,13 +429,13 @@ class TestACLpluginL2L3(VppTestCase):
         # change the ACLs a few times
         for i in range(1, 10):
             shuffle(all_rules)
-            acl1.modify_vpp_config(all_rules[::1+(i % 2)])
+            acl1.modify_vpp_config(all_rules[:: 1 + (i % 2)])
 
             shuffle(all_rules)
-            acl2.modify_vpp_config(all_rules[::1+(i % 3)])
+            acl2.modify_vpp_config(all_rules[:: 1 + (i % 3)])
 
             shuffle(all_rules)
-            acl3.modify_vpp_config(all_rules[::1+(i % 5)])
+            acl3.modify_vpp_config(all_rules[:: 1 + (i % 5)])
 
         # restore to how it was before and clean up
         acl_if.n_input = saved_n_input
@@ -417,143 +446,200 @@ class TestACLpluginL2L3(VppTestCase):
         acl2.remove_vpp_config()
         acl3.remove_vpp_config()
 
-    def create_acls_for_a_stream(self, stream_dict,
-                                 test_l2_action, is_reflect):
-        r = stream_dict['rules']
-        r_permit = stream_dict['permit_rules']
-        r_permit_reflect = stream_dict['permit_and_reflect_rules']
+    def create_acls_for_a_stream(self, stream_dict, test_l2_action, is_reflect):
+        r = stream_dict["rules"]
+        r_permit = stream_dict["permit_rules"]
+        r_permit_reflect = stream_dict["permit_and_reflect_rules"]
         r_action = r_permit_reflect if is_reflect else r
         action_acl = VppAcl(self, rules=r_action, tag="act. acl")
         action_acl.add_vpp_config()
         permit_acl = VppAcl(self, rules=r_permit, tag="perm. acl")
         permit_acl.add_vpp_config()
 
-        return {'L2': action_acl if test_l2_action else permit_acl,
-                'L3': permit_acl if test_l2_action else action_acl,
-                'permit': permit_acl, 'action': action_acl}
+        return {
+            "L2": action_acl if test_l2_action else permit_acl,
+            "L3": permit_acl if test_l2_action else action_acl,
+            "permit": permit_acl,
+            "action": action_acl,
+        }
 
-    def apply_acl_ip46_x_to_y(self, bridged_to_routed, test_l2_deny,
-                              is_ip6, is_reflect, add_eh):
-        """ Apply the ACLs
-        """
+    def apply_acl_ip46_x_to_y(
+        self, bridged_to_routed, test_l2_deny, is_ip6, is_reflect, add_eh
+    ):
+        """Apply the ACLs"""
         self.reset_packet_infos()
         stream_dict = self.create_stream(
-            self.pg2, self.loop0,
+            self.pg2,
+            self.loop0,
             bridged_to_routed,
-            self.pg_if_packet_sizes, is_ip6,
-            not is_reflect, False, add_eh)
-        stream = stream_dict['stream']
-        acl_idx = self.create_acls_for_a_stream(stream_dict, test_l2_deny,
-                                                is_reflect)
+            self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
+            is_ip6,
+            not is_reflect,
+            False,
+            add_eh,
+        )
+        stream = stream_dict["stream"]
+        acl_idx = self.create_acls_for_a_stream(stream_dict, test_l2_deny, is_reflect)
         n_input_l3 = 0 if bridged_to_routed else 1
         n_input_l2 = 1 if bridged_to_routed else 0
 
-        acl_if_pg2 = VppAclInterface(self, sw_if_index=self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                                     n_input=n_input_l3, acls=[acl_idx['L3']])
+        acl_if_pg2 = VppAclInterface(
+            self,
+            sw_if_index=self.pg2.sw_if_index,
+            n_input=n_input_l3,
+            acls=[acl_idx["L3"]],
+        )
         acl_if_pg2.add_vpp_config()
 
-        acl_if_pg0 = VppAclInterface(self, sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                     n_input=n_input_l2, acls=[acl_idx['L2']])
+        acl_if_pg0 = VppAclInterface(
+            self,
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+            n_input=n_input_l2,
+            acls=[acl_idx["L2"]],
+        )
         acl_if_pg0.add_vpp_config()
 
-        acl_if_pg1 = VppAclInterface(self, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                     n_input=n_input_l2, acls=[acl_idx['L2']])
+        acl_if_pg1 = VppAclInterface(
+            self,
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+            n_input=n_input_l2,
+            acls=[acl_idx["L2"]],
+        )
         acl_if_pg1.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.applied_acl_shuffle(acl_if_pg0)
         self.applied_acl_shuffle(acl_if_pg1)
-        return {'L2': acl_idx['L2'], 'L3': acl_idx['L3']}
+        return {"L2": acl_idx["L2"], "L3": acl_idx["L3"]}
 
-    def apply_acl_ip46_both_directions_reflect(self,
-                                               primary_is_bridged_to_routed,
-                                               reflect_on_l2, is_ip6, add_eh,
-                                               stateful_icmp):
+    def apply_acl_ip46_both_directions_reflect(
+        self, primary_is_bridged_to_routed, reflect_on_l2, is_ip6, add_eh, stateful_icmp
+    ):
         primary_is_routed_to_bridged = not primary_is_bridged_to_routed
         self.reset_packet_infos()
-        stream_dict_fwd = self.create_stream(self.pg2, self.loop0,
-                                             primary_is_bridged_to_routed,
-                                             self.pg_if_packet_sizes, is_ip6,
-                                             False, False, add_eh,
-                                             stateful_icmp)
-        acl_idx_fwd = self.create_acls_for_a_stream(stream_dict_fwd,
-                                                    reflect_on_l2, True)
+        stream_dict_fwd = self.create_stream(
+            self.pg2,
+            self.loop0,
+            primary_is_bridged_to_routed,
+            self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
+            is_ip6,
+            False,
+            False,
+            add_eh,
+            stateful_icmp,
+        )
+        acl_idx_fwd = self.create_acls_for_a_stream(
+            stream_dict_fwd, reflect_on_l2, True
+        )
 
-        stream_dict_rev = self.create_stream(self.pg2, self.loop0,
-                                             not primary_is_bridged_to_routed,
-                                             self.pg_if_packet_sizes, is_ip6,
-                                             True, True, add_eh, stateful_icmp)
+        stream_dict_rev = self.create_stream(
+            self.pg2,
+            self.loop0,
+            not primary_is_bridged_to_routed,
+            self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
+            is_ip6,
+            True,
+            True,
+            add_eh,
+            stateful_icmp,
+        )
         # We want the primary action to be "deny" rather than reflect
-        acl_idx_rev = self.create_acls_for_a_stream(stream_dict_rev,
-                                                    reflect_on_l2, False)
+        acl_idx_rev = self.create_acls_for_a_stream(
+            stream_dict_rev, reflect_on_l2, False
+        )
 
         if primary_is_bridged_to_routed:
-            inbound_l2_acl = acl_idx_fwd['L2']
+            inbound_l2_acl = acl_idx_fwd["L2"]
         else:
-            inbound_l2_acl = acl_idx_rev['L2']
+            inbound_l2_acl = acl_idx_rev["L2"]
 
         if primary_is_routed_to_bridged:
-            outbound_l2_acl = acl_idx_fwd['L2']
+            outbound_l2_acl = acl_idx_fwd["L2"]
         else:
-            outbound_l2_acl = acl_idx_rev['L2']
+            outbound_l2_acl = acl_idx_rev["L2"]
 
         if primary_is_routed_to_bridged:
-            inbound_l3_acl = acl_idx_fwd['L3']
+            inbound_l3_acl = acl_idx_fwd["L3"]
         else:
-            inbound_l3_acl = acl_idx_rev['L3']
+            inbound_l3_acl = acl_idx_rev["L3"]
 
         if primary_is_bridged_to_routed:
-            outbound_l3_acl = acl_idx_fwd['L3']
+            outbound_l3_acl = acl_idx_fwd["L3"]
         else:
-            outbound_l3_acl = acl_idx_rev['L3']
+            outbound_l3_acl = acl_idx_rev["L3"]
 
-        acl_if_pg2 = VppAclInterface(self, sw_if_index=self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                                     n_input=1,
-                                     acls=[inbound_l3_acl, outbound_l3_acl])
+        acl_if_pg2 = VppAclInterface(
+            self,
+            sw_if_index=self.pg2.sw_if_index,
+            n_input=1,
+            acls=[inbound_l3_acl, outbound_l3_acl],
+        )
         acl_if_pg2.add_vpp_config()
 
-        acl_if_pg0 = VppAclInterface(self, sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                     n_input=1,
-                                     acls=[inbound_l2_acl, outbound_l2_acl])
+        acl_if_pg0 = VppAclInterface(
+            self,
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+            n_input=1,
+            acls=[inbound_l2_acl, outbound_l2_acl],
+        )
         acl_if_pg0.add_vpp_config()
 
-        acl_if_pg1 = VppAclInterface(self, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                     n_input=1,
-                                     acls=[inbound_l2_acl, outbound_l2_acl])
+        acl_if_pg1 = VppAclInterface(
+            self,
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+            n_input=1,
+            acls=[inbound_l2_acl, outbound_l2_acl],
+        )
         acl_if_pg1.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.applied_acl_shuffle(acl_if_pg0)
         self.applied_acl_shuffle(acl_if_pg2)
 
-    def apply_acl_ip46_routed_to_bridged(self, test_l2_deny, is_ip6,
-                                         is_reflect, add_eh):
-        return self.apply_acl_ip46_x_to_y(False, test_l2_deny, is_ip6,
-                                          is_reflect, add_eh)
+    def apply_acl_ip46_routed_to_bridged(
+        self, test_l2_deny, is_ip6, is_reflect, add_eh
+    ):
+        return self.apply_acl_ip46_x_to_y(
+            False, test_l2_deny, is_ip6, is_reflect, add_eh
+        )
 
-    def apply_acl_ip46_bridged_to_routed(self, test_l2_deny, is_ip6,
-                                         is_reflect, add_eh):
-        return self.apply_acl_ip46_x_to_y(True, test_l2_deny, is_ip6,
-                                          is_reflect, add_eh)
+    def apply_acl_ip46_bridged_to_routed(
+        self, test_l2_deny, is_ip6, is_reflect, add_eh
+    ):
+        return self.apply_acl_ip46_x_to_y(
+            True, test_l2_deny, is_ip6, is_reflect, add_eh
+        )
 
     def verify_acl_packet_count(self, acl_idx, packet_count):
-        matches = self.statistics.get_counter('/acl/%d/matches' % acl_idx)
+        matches = self.statistics.get_counter("/acl/%d/matches" % acl_idx)
         self.logger.info("stat seg for ACL %d: %s" % (acl_idx, repr(matches)))
         total_count = 0
         for m in matches:
             for p in m:
-                total_count = total_count + p['packets']
+                total_count = total_count + p["packets"]
         self.assertEqual(total_count, packet_count)
 
-    def run_traffic_ip46_x_to_y(self, bridged_to_routed,
-                                test_l2_deny, is_ip6,
-                                is_reflect, is_established, add_eh,
-                                stateful_icmp=False):
+    def run_traffic_ip46_x_to_y(
+        self,
+        bridged_to_routed,
+        test_l2_deny,
+        is_ip6,
+        is_reflect,
+        is_established,
+        add_eh,
+        stateful_icmp=False,
+    ):
         self.reset_packet_infos()
-        stream_dict = self.create_stream(self.pg2, self.loop0,
-                                         bridged_to_routed,
-                                         self.pg_if_packet_sizes, is_ip6,
-                                         not is_reflect, is_established,
-                                         add_eh, stateful_icmp)
-        stream = stream_dict['stream']
+        stream_dict = self.create_stream(
+            self.pg2,
+            self.loop0,
+            bridged_to_routed,
+            self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
+            is_ip6,
+            not is_reflect,
+            is_established,
+            add_eh,
+            stateful_icmp,
+        )
+        stream = stream_dict["stream"]
 
         tx_if = self.pg0 if bridged_to_routed else self.pg2
         rx_if = self.pg2 if bridged_to_routed else self.pg0
@@ -566,68 +652,90 @@ class TestACLpluginL2L3(VppTestCase):
         self.verify_capture(self.loop0, self.pg2, rcvd1, bridged_to_routed)
         return len(stream)
 
-    def run_traffic_ip46_routed_to_bridged(self, test_l2_deny, is_ip6,
-                                           is_reflect, is_established, add_eh,
-                                           stateful_icmp=False):
-        return self.run_traffic_ip46_x_to_y(False, test_l2_deny, is_ip6,
-                                            is_reflect, is_established, add_eh,
-                                            stateful_icmp)
+    def run_traffic_ip46_routed_to_bridged(
+        self,
+        test_l2_deny,
+        is_ip6,
+        is_reflect,
+        is_established,
+        add_eh,
+        stateful_icmp=False,
+    ):
+        return self.run_traffic_ip46_x_to_y(
+            False,
+            test_l2_deny,
+            is_ip6,
+            is_reflect,
+            is_established,
+            add_eh,
+            stateful_icmp,
+        )
 
-    def run_traffic_ip46_bridged_to_routed(self, test_l2_deny, is_ip6,
-                                           is_reflect, is_established, add_eh,
-                                           stateful_icmp=False):
-        return self.run_traffic_ip46_x_to_y(True, test_l2_deny, is_ip6,
-                                            is_reflect, is_established, add_eh,
-                                            stateful_icmp)
+    def run_traffic_ip46_bridged_to_routed(
+        self,
+        test_l2_deny,
+        is_ip6,
+        is_reflect,
+        is_established,
+        add_eh,
+        stateful_icmp=False,
+    ):
+        return self.run_traffic_ip46_x_to_y(
+            True,
+            test_l2_deny,
+            is_ip6,
+            is_reflect,
+            is_established,
+            add_eh,
+            stateful_icmp,
+        )
 
-    def run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged(self, test_l2_deny,
-                                        is_ip6, is_reflect, add_eh):
-        acls = self.apply_acl_ip46_routed_to_bridged(test_l2_deny,
-                                                     is_ip6, is_reflect,
-                                                     add_eh)
-        pkts = self.run_traffic_ip46_routed_to_bridged(test_l2_deny, is_ip6,
-                                                       is_reflect, False,
-                                                       add_eh)
-        self.verify_acl_packet_count(acls['L3'].acl_index, pkts)
+    def run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged(self, test_l2_deny, is_ip6, is_reflect, add_eh):
+        acls = self.apply_acl_ip46_routed_to_bridged(
+            test_l2_deny, is_ip6, is_reflect, add_eh
+        )
+        pkts = self.run_traffic_ip46_routed_to_bridged(
+            test_l2_deny, is_ip6, is_reflect, False, add_eh
+        )
+        self.verify_acl_packet_count(acls["L3"].acl_index, pkts)
 
-    def run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed(self, test_l2_deny,
-                                        is_ip6, is_reflect, add_eh):
-        acls = self.apply_acl_ip46_bridged_to_routed(test_l2_deny,
-                                                     is_ip6, is_reflect,
-                                                     add_eh)
-        pkts = self.run_traffic_ip46_bridged_to_routed(test_l2_deny, is_ip6,
-                                                       is_reflect, False,
-                                                       add_eh)
-        self.verify_acl_packet_count(acls['L2'].acl_index, pkts)
+    def run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed(self, test_l2_deny, is_ip6, is_reflect, add_eh):
+        acls = self.apply_acl_ip46_bridged_to_routed(
+            test_l2_deny, is_ip6, is_reflect, add_eh
+        )
+        pkts = self.run_traffic_ip46_bridged_to_routed(
+            test_l2_deny, is_ip6, is_reflect, False, add_eh
+        )
+        self.verify_acl_packet_count(acls["L2"].acl_index, pkts)
 
-    def run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged_and_back(self, test_l2_action,
-                                                 is_ip6, add_eh,
-                                                 stateful_icmp=False):
-        self.apply_acl_ip46_both_directions_reflect(False, test_l2_action,
-                                                    is_ip6, add_eh,
-                                                    stateful_icmp)
-        self.run_traffic_ip46_routed_to_bridged(test_l2_action, is_ip6,
-                                                True, False, add_eh,
-                                                stateful_icmp)
-        self.run_traffic_ip46_bridged_to_routed(test_l2_action, is_ip6,
-                                                False, True, add_eh,
-                                                stateful_icmp)
+    def run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged_and_back(
+        self, test_l2_action, is_ip6, add_eh, stateful_icmp=False
+    ):
+        self.apply_acl_ip46_both_directions_reflect(
+            False, test_l2_action, is_ip6, add_eh, stateful_icmp
+        )
+        self.run_traffic_ip46_routed_to_bridged(
+            test_l2_action, is_ip6, True, False, add_eh, stateful_icmp
+        )
+        self.run_traffic_ip46_bridged_to_routed(
+            test_l2_action, is_ip6, False, True, add_eh, stateful_icmp
+        )
 
-    def run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed_and_back(self, test_l2_action,
-                                                 is_ip6, add_eh,
-                                                 stateful_icmp=False):
-        self.apply_acl_ip46_both_directions_reflect(True, test_l2_action,
-                                                    is_ip6, add_eh,
-                                                    stateful_icmp)
-        self.run_traffic_ip46_bridged_to_routed(test_l2_action, is_ip6,
-                                                True, False, add_eh,
-                                                stateful_icmp)
-        self.run_traffic_ip46_routed_to_bridged(test_l2_action, is_ip6,
-                                                False, True, add_eh,
-                                                stateful_icmp)
+    def run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed_and_back(
+        self, test_l2_action, is_ip6, add_eh, stateful_icmp=False
+    ):
+        self.apply_acl_ip46_both_directions_reflect(
+            True, test_l2_action, is_ip6, add_eh, stateful_icmp
+        )
+        self.run_traffic_ip46_bridged_to_routed(
+            test_l2_action, is_ip6, True, False, add_eh, stateful_icmp
+        )
+        self.run_traffic_ip46_routed_to_bridged(
+            test_l2_action, is_ip6, False, True, add_eh, stateful_icmp
+        )
 
     def test_0000_ip6_irb_1(self):
-        """ ACL plugin prepare"""
+        """ACL plugin prepare"""
         if not self.vpp_dead:
             cmd = "set acl-plugin session timeout udp idle 2000"
             self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli(cmd))
@@ -646,219 +754,188 @@ class TestACLpluginL2L3(VppTestCase):
             #    "set acl-plugin l2-datapath old"))
 
     def test_0001_ip6_irb_1(self):
-        """ ACL IPv6 routed -> bridged, L2 ACL deny"""
-        self.run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged(True, True, False,
-                                             self.WITHOUT_EH)
+        """ACL IPv6 routed -> bridged, L2 ACL deny"""
+        self.run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged(True, True, False, self.WITHOUT_EH)
 
     def test_0002_ip6_irb_1(self):
-        """ ACL IPv6 routed -> bridged, L3 ACL deny"""
-        self.run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged(False, True, False,
-                                             self.WITHOUT_EH)
+        """ACL IPv6 routed -> bridged, L3 ACL deny"""
+        self.run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged(False, True, False, self.WITHOUT_EH)
 
     def test_0003_ip4_irb_1(self):
-        """ ACL IPv4 routed -> bridged, L2 ACL deny"""
-        self.run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged(True, False, False,
-                                             self.WITHOUT_EH)
+        """ACL IPv4 routed -> bridged, L2 ACL deny"""
+        self.run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged(True, False, False, self.WITHOUT_EH)
 
     def test_0004_ip4_irb_1(self):
-        """ ACL IPv4 routed -> bridged, L3 ACL deny"""
-        self.run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged(False, False, False,
-                                             self.WITHOUT_EH)
+        """ACL IPv4 routed -> bridged, L3 ACL deny"""
+        self.run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged(False, False, False, self.WITHOUT_EH)
 
     def test_0005_ip6_irb_1(self):
-        """ ACL IPv6 bridged -> routed, L2 ACL deny """
-        self.run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed(True, True, False,
-                                             self.WITHOUT_EH)
+        """ACL IPv6 bridged -> routed, L2 ACL deny"""
+        self.run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed(True, True, False, self.WITHOUT_EH)
 
     def test_0006_ip6_irb_1(self):
-        """ ACL IPv6 bridged -> routed, L3 ACL deny """
-        self.run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed(False, True, False,
-                                             self.WITHOUT_EH)
+        """ACL IPv6 bridged -> routed, L3 ACL deny"""
+        self.run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed(False, True, False, self.WITHOUT_EH)
 
     def test_0007_ip6_irb_1(self):
-        """ ACL IPv4 bridged -> routed, L2 ACL deny """
-        self.run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed(True, False, False,
-                                             self.WITHOUT_EH)
+        """ACL IPv4 bridged -> routed, L2 ACL deny"""
+        self.run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed(True, False, False, self.WITHOUT_EH)
 
     def test_0008_ip6_irb_1(self):
-        """ ACL IPv4 bridged -> routed, L3 ACL deny """
-        self.run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed(False, False, False,
-                                             self.WITHOUT_EH)
+        """ACL IPv4 bridged -> routed, L3 ACL deny"""
+        self.run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed(False, False, False, self.WITHOUT_EH)
 
     # Stateful ACL tests
     def test_0101_ip6_irb_1(self):
-        """ ACL IPv6 routed -> bridged, L2 ACL permit+reflect"""
-        self.run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged_and_back(True, True,
-                                                      self.WITHOUT_EH)
+        """ACL IPv6 routed -> bridged, L2 ACL permit+reflect"""
+        self.run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged_and_back(True, True, self.WITHOUT_EH)
 
     def test_0102_ip6_irb_1(self):
-        """ ACL IPv6 bridged -> routed, L2 ACL permit+reflect"""
-        self.run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed_and_back(True, True,
-                                                      self.WITHOUT_EH)
+        """ACL IPv6 bridged -> routed, L2 ACL permit+reflect"""
+        self.run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed_and_back(True, True, self.WITHOUT_EH)
 
     def test_0103_ip6_irb_1(self):
-        """ ACL IPv4 routed -> bridged, L2 ACL permit+reflect"""
-        self.run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged_and_back(True, False,
-                                                      self.WITHOUT_EH)
+        """ACL IPv4 routed -> bridged, L2 ACL permit+reflect"""
+        self.run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged_and_back(True, False, self.WITHOUT_EH)
 
     def test_0104_ip6_irb_1(self):
-        """ ACL IPv4 bridged -> routed, L2 ACL permit+reflect"""
-        self.run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed_and_back(True, False,
-                                                      self.WITHOUT_EH)
+        """ACL IPv4 bridged -> routed, L2 ACL permit+reflect"""
+        self.run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed_and_back(True, False, self.WITHOUT_EH)
 
     def test_0111_ip6_irb_1(self):
-        """ ACL IPv6 routed -> bridged, L3 ACL permit+reflect"""
-        self.run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged_and_back(False, True,
-                                                      self.WITHOUT_EH)
+        """ACL IPv6 routed -> bridged, L3 ACL permit+reflect"""
+        self.run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged_and_back(False, True, self.WITHOUT_EH)
 
     def test_0112_ip6_irb_1(self):
-        """ ACL IPv6 bridged -> routed, L3 ACL permit+reflect"""
-        self.run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed_and_back(False, True,
-                                                      self.WITHOUT_EH)
+        """ACL IPv6 bridged -> routed, L3 ACL permit+reflect"""
+        self.run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed_and_back(False, True, self.WITHOUT_EH)
 
     def test_0113_ip6_irb_1(self):
-        """ ACL IPv4 routed -> bridged, L3 ACL permit+reflect"""
-        self.run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged_and_back(False, False,
-                                                      self.WITHOUT_EH)
+        """ACL IPv4 routed -> bridged, L3 ACL permit+reflect"""
+        self.run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged_and_back(False, False, self.WITHOUT_EH)
 
     def test_0114_ip6_irb_1(self):
-        """ ACL IPv4 bridged -> routed, L3 ACL permit+reflect"""
-        self.run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed_and_back(False, False,
-                                                      self.WITHOUT_EH)
+        """ACL IPv4 bridged -> routed, L3 ACL permit+reflect"""
+        self.run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed_and_back(False, False, self.WITHOUT_EH)
 
     # A block of tests with extension headers
 
     def test_1001_ip6_irb_1(self):
-        """ ACL IPv6+EH routed -> bridged, L2 ACL deny"""
-        self.run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged(True, True, False,
-                                             self.WITH_EH)
+        """ACL IPv6+EH routed -> bridged, L2 ACL deny"""
+        self.run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged(True, True, False, self.WITH_EH)
 
     def test_1002_ip6_irb_1(self):
-        """ ACL IPv6+EH routed -> bridged, L3 ACL deny"""
-        self.run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged(False, True, False,
-                                             self.WITH_EH)
+        """ACL IPv6+EH routed -> bridged, L3 ACL deny"""
+        self.run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged(False, True, False, self.WITH_EH)
 
     def test_1005_ip6_irb_1(self):
-        """ ACL IPv6+EH bridged -> routed, L2 ACL deny """
-        self.run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed(True, True, False,
-                                             self.WITH_EH)
+        """ACL IPv6+EH bridged -> routed, L2 ACL deny"""
+        self.run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed(True, True, False, self.WITH_EH)
 
     def test_1006_ip6_irb_1(self):
-        """ ACL IPv6+EH bridged -> routed, L3 ACL deny """
-        self.run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed(False, True, False,
-                                             self.WITH_EH)
+        """ACL IPv6+EH bridged -> routed, L3 ACL deny"""
+        self.run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed(False, True, False, self.WITH_EH)
 
     def test_1101_ip6_irb_1(self):
-        """ ACL IPv6+EH routed -> bridged, L2 ACL permit+reflect"""
-        self.run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged_and_back(True, True,
-                                                      self.WITH_EH)
+        """ACL IPv6+EH routed -> bridged, L2 ACL permit+reflect"""
+        self.run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged_and_back(True, True, self.WITH_EH)
 
     def test_1102_ip6_irb_1(self):
-        """ ACL IPv6+EH bridged -> routed, L2 ACL permit+reflect"""
-        self.run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed_and_back(True, True,
-                                                      self.WITH_EH)
+        """ACL IPv6+EH bridged -> routed, L2 ACL permit+reflect"""
+        self.run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed_and_back(True, True, self.WITH_EH)
 
     def test_1111_ip6_irb_1(self):
-        """ ACL IPv6+EH routed -> bridged, L3 ACL permit+reflect"""
-        self.run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged_and_back(False, True,
-                                                      self.WITH_EH)
+        """ACL IPv6+EH routed -> bridged, L3 ACL permit+reflect"""
+        self.run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged_and_back(False, True, self.WITH_EH)
 
     def test_1112_ip6_irb_1(self):
-        """ ACL IPv6+EH bridged -> routed, L3 ACL permit+reflect"""
-        self.run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed_and_back(False, True,
-                                                      self.WITH_EH)
+        """ACL IPv6+EH bridged -> routed, L3 ACL permit+reflect"""
+        self.run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed_and_back(False, True, self.WITH_EH)
 
     # IPv4 with "MF" bit set
 
     def test_1201_ip6_irb_1(self):
-        """ ACL IPv4+MF routed -> bridged, L2 ACL deny"""
-        self.run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged(True, False, False,
-                                             self.WITH_EH)
+        """ACL IPv4+MF routed -> bridged, L2 ACL deny"""
+        self.run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged(True, False, False, self.WITH_EH)
 
     def test_1202_ip6_irb_1(self):
-        """ ACL IPv4+MF routed -> bridged, L3 ACL deny"""
-        self.run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged(False, False, False,
-                                             self.WITH_EH)
+        """ACL IPv4+MF routed -> bridged, L3 ACL deny"""
+        self.run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged(False, False, False, self.WITH_EH)
 
     def test_1205_ip6_irb_1(self):
-        """ ACL IPv4+MF bridged -> routed, L2 ACL deny """
-        self.run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed(True, False, False,
-                                             self.WITH_EH)
+        """ACL IPv4+MF bridged -> routed, L2 ACL deny"""
+        self.run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed(True, False, False, self.WITH_EH)
 
     def test_1206_ip6_irb_1(self):
-        """ ACL IPv4+MF bridged -> routed, L3 ACL deny """
-        self.run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed(False, False, False,
-                                             self.WITH_EH)
+        """ACL IPv4+MF bridged -> routed, L3 ACL deny"""
+        self.run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed(False, False, False, self.WITH_EH)
 
     def test_1301_ip6_irb_1(self):
-        """ ACL IPv4+MF routed -> bridged, L2 ACL permit+reflect"""
-        self.run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged_and_back(True, False,
-                                                      self.WITH_EH)
+        """ACL IPv4+MF routed -> bridged, L2 ACL permit+reflect"""
+        self.run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged_and_back(True, False, self.WITH_EH)
 
     def test_1302_ip6_irb_1(self):
-        """ ACL IPv4+MF bridged -> routed, L2 ACL permit+reflect"""
-        self.run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed_and_back(True, False,
-                                                      self.WITH_EH)
+        """ACL IPv4+MF bridged -> routed, L2 ACL permit+reflect"""
+        self.run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed_and_back(True, False, self.WITH_EH)
 
     def test_1311_ip6_irb_1(self):
-        """ ACL IPv4+MF routed -> bridged, L3 ACL permit+reflect"""
-        self.run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged_and_back(False, False,
-                                                      self.WITH_EH)
+        """ACL IPv4+MF routed -> bridged, L3 ACL permit+reflect"""
+        self.run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged_and_back(False, False, self.WITH_EH)
 
     def test_1312_ip6_irb_1(self):
-        """ ACL IPv4+MF bridged -> routed, L3 ACL permit+reflect"""
-        self.run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed_and_back(False, False,
-                                                      self.WITH_EH)
+        """ACL IPv4+MF bridged -> routed, L3 ACL permit+reflect"""
+        self.run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed_and_back(False, False, self.WITH_EH)
+
     # Stateful ACL tests with stateful ICMP
 
     def test_1401_ip6_irb_1(self):
-        """ IPv6 routed -> bridged, L2 ACL permit+reflect, ICMP reflect"""
-        self.run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged_and_back(True, True,
-                                                      self.WITHOUT_EH,
-                                                      self.STATEFUL_ICMP)
+        """IPv6 routed -> bridged, L2 ACL permit+reflect, ICMP reflect"""
+        self.run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged_and_back(
+            True, True, self.WITHOUT_EH, self.STATEFUL_ICMP
+        )
 
     def test_1402_ip6_irb_1(self):
-        """ IPv6 bridged -> routed, L2 ACL permit+reflect, ICMP reflect"""
-        self.run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed_and_back(True, True,
-                                                      self.WITHOUT_EH,
-                                                      self.STATEFUL_ICMP)
+        """IPv6 bridged -> routed, L2 ACL permit+reflect, ICMP reflect"""
+        self.run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed_and_back(
+            True, True, self.WITHOUT_EH, self.STATEFUL_ICMP
+        )
 
     def test_1403_ip4_irb_1(self):
-        """ IPv4 routed -> bridged, L2 ACL permit+reflect, ICMP reflect"""
-        self.run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged_and_back(True, False,
-                                                      self.WITHOUT_EH,
-                                                      self.STATEFUL_ICMP)
+        """IPv4 routed -> bridged, L2 ACL permit+reflect, ICMP reflect"""
+        self.run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged_and_back(
+            True, False, self.WITHOUT_EH, self.STATEFUL_ICMP
+        )
 
     def test_1404_ip4_irb_1(self):
-        """ IPv4 bridged -> routed, L2 ACL permit+reflect, ICMP reflect"""
-        self.run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed_and_back(True, False,
-                                                      self.WITHOUT_EH,
-                                                      self.STATEFUL_ICMP)
+        """IPv4 bridged -> routed, L2 ACL permit+reflect, ICMP reflect"""
+        self.run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed_and_back(
+            True, False, self.WITHOUT_EH, self.STATEFUL_ICMP
+        )
 
     def test_1411_ip6_irb_1(self):
-        """ IPv6 routed -> bridged, L3 ACL permit+reflect, ICMP reflect"""
-        self.run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged_and_back(False, True,
-                                                      self.WITHOUT_EH,
-                                                      self.STATEFUL_ICMP)
+        """IPv6 routed -> bridged, L3 ACL permit+reflect, ICMP reflect"""
+        self.run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged_and_back(
+            False, True, self.WITHOUT_EH, self.STATEFUL_ICMP
+        )
 
     def test_1412_ip6_irb_1(self):
-        """ IPv6 bridged -> routed, L3 ACL permit+reflect, ICMP reflect"""
-        self.run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed_and_back(False, True,
-                                                      self.WITHOUT_EH,
-                                                      self.STATEFUL_ICMP)
+        """IPv6 bridged -> routed, L3 ACL permit+reflect, ICMP reflect"""
+        self.run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed_and_back(
+            False, True, self.WITHOUT_EH, self.STATEFUL_ICMP
+        )
 
     def test_1413_ip4_irb_1(self):
-        """ IPv4 routed -> bridged, L3 ACL permit+reflect, ICMP reflect"""
-        self.run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged_and_back(False, False,
-                                                      self.WITHOUT_EH,
-                                                      self.STATEFUL_ICMP)
+        """IPv4 routed -> bridged, L3 ACL permit+reflect, ICMP reflect"""
+        self.run_test_ip46_routed_to_bridged_and_back(
+            False, False, self.WITHOUT_EH, self.STATEFUL_ICMP
+        )
 
     def test_1414_ip4_irb_1(self):
-        """ IPv4 bridged -> routed, L3 ACL permit+reflect, ICMP reflect"""
-        self.run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed_and_back(False, False,
-                                                      self.WITHOUT_EH,
-                                                      self.STATEFUL_ICMP)
+        """IPv4 bridged -> routed, L3 ACL permit+reflect, ICMP reflect"""
+        self.run_test_ip46_bridged_to_routed_and_back(
+            False, False, self.WITHOUT_EH, self.STATEFUL_ICMP
+        )
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_acl_plugin_macip.py b/test/test_acl_plugin_macip.py
index 5353c16d331..6a1ba589182 100644
--- a/test/test_acl_plugin_macip.py
+++ b/test/test_acl_plugin_macip.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 from __future__ import print_function
+
 """ACL plugin - MACIP tests
 """
 import binascii
@@ -20,10 +21,21 @@ from scapy.layers.inet6 import IPv6
 from framework import VppTestCase, VppTestRunner
 from vpp_lo_interface import VppLoInterface
 from vpp_l2 import L2_PORT_TYPE
-from vpp_sub_interface import L2_VTR_OP, VppSubInterface, VppDot1QSubint, \
-    VppDot1ADSubint
-from vpp_acl import AclRule, VppAcl, VppAclInterface, VppEtypeWhitelist, \
-    VppMacipAclInterface, VppMacipAcl, MacipRule
+from vpp_sub_interface import (
+    L2_VTR_OP,
+    VppSubInterface,
+    VppDot1QSubint,
+    VppDot1ADSubint,
+)
+from vpp_acl import (
+    AclRule,
+    VppAcl,
+    VppAclInterface,
+    VppEtypeWhitelist,
+    VppMacipAclInterface,
+    VppMacipAcl,
+    MacipRule,
+)
 from vpp_papi import MACAddress
 
 
@@ -79,16 +91,13 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
                 VppDot1QSubint(cls, cls.pg1, 10),
                 VppDot1ADSubint(cls, cls.pg2, 20, 300, 400),
                 VppDot1QSubint(cls, cls.pg3, 30),
-                VppDot1ADSubint(cls, cls.pg3, 40, 600, 700)]
+                VppDot1ADSubint(cls, cls.pg3, 40, 600, 700),
+            ]
 
-            cls.subifs[0].set_vtr(L2_VTR_OP.L2_POP_1,
-                                  inner=10, push1q=1)
-            cls.subifs[1].set_vtr(L2_VTR_OP.L2_POP_2,
-                                  outer=300, inner=400, push1q=1)
-            cls.subifs[2].set_vtr(L2_VTR_OP.L2_POP_1,
-                                  inner=30, push1q=1)
-            cls.subifs[3].set_vtr(L2_VTR_OP.L2_POP_2,
-                                  outer=600, inner=700, push1q=1)
+            cls.subifs[0].set_vtr(L2_VTR_OP.L2_POP_1, inner=10, push1q=1)
+            cls.subifs[1].set_vtr(L2_VTR_OP.L2_POP_2, outer=300, inner=400, push1q=1)
+            cls.subifs[2].set_vtr(L2_VTR_OP.L2_POP_1, inner=30, push1q=1)
+            cls.subifs[3].set_vtr(L2_VTR_OP.L2_POP_2, outer=600, inner=700, push1q=1)
 
             cls.interfaces = list(cls.pg_interfaces)
             cls.interfaces.extend(cls.lo_interfaces)
@@ -99,16 +108,22 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
 
             # Create BD with MAC learning enabled and put interfaces to this BD
             cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-                rx_sw_if_index=cls.loop0.sw_if_index, bd_id=cls.bd_id,
-                port_type=L2_PORT_TYPE.BVI)
+                rx_sw_if_index=cls.loop0.sw_if_index,
+                bd_id=cls.bd_id,
+                port_type=L2_PORT_TYPE.BVI,
+            )
             cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-                rx_sw_if_index=cls.pg0.sw_if_index, bd_id=cls.bd_id)
+                rx_sw_if_index=cls.pg0.sw_if_index, bd_id=cls.bd_id
+            )
             cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-                rx_sw_if_index=cls.pg1.sw_if_index, bd_id=cls.bd_id)
+                rx_sw_if_index=cls.pg1.sw_if_index, bd_id=cls.bd_id
+            )
             cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-                rx_sw_if_index=cls.subifs[0].sw_if_index, bd_id=cls.bd_id)
+                rx_sw_if_index=cls.subifs[0].sw_if_index, bd_id=cls.bd_id
+            )
             cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-                rx_sw_if_index=cls.subifs[1].sw_if_index, bd_id=cls.bd_id)
+                rx_sw_if_index=cls.subifs[1].sw_if_index, bd_id=cls.bd_id
+            )
 
             # Configure IPv4/6 addresses on loop interface and routed interface
             cls.loop0.config_ip4()
@@ -122,7 +137,7 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
             cls.loop0.generate_remote_hosts(cls.remote_hosts_count)
             # Modify host mac addresses to have different OUI parts
             for i in range(2, cls.remote_hosts_count + 2):
-                mac = cls.loop0.remote_hosts[i-2]._mac.split(':')
+                mac = cls.loop0.remote_hosts[i - 2]._mac.split(":")
                 mac[2] = format(int(mac[2], 16) + i, "02x")
                 cls.loop0.remote_hosts[i - 2]._mac = ":".join(mac)
 
@@ -198,18 +213,19 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
                     """
         return acls
 
-    def create_rules(self, mac_type=EXACT_MAC, ip_type=EXACT_IP,
-                     acl_count=1, rules_count=None):
+    def create_rules(
+        self, mac_type=EXACT_MAC, ip_type=EXACT_IP, acl_count=1, rules_count=None
+    ):
         acls = []
         if rules_count is None:
             rules_count = [1]
         src_mac = int("220000dead00", 16)
-        for acl in range(2, (acl_count+1) * 2):
+        for acl in range(2, (acl_count + 1) * 2):
             rules = []
             host = random.choice(self.loop0.remote_hosts)
             is_ip6 = acl % 2
-            ip4 = host.ip4.split('.')
-            ip6 = list(unpack('<16B', inet_pton(AF_INET6, host.ip6)))
+            ip4 = host.ip4.split(".")
+            ip6 = list(unpack("<16B", inet_pton(AF_INET6, host.ip6)))
 
             if ip_type == self.EXACT_IP:
                 prefix_len4 = 32
@@ -241,11 +257,12 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
                 if mac_type == self.WILD_MAC:
                     mac = "00:00:00:00:00:00"
                 elif mac_type == self.OUI_MAC:
-                    mac = ':'.join(re.findall('..', '{:02x}'.format(
-                        src_mac))[:3])+":00:00:00"
+                    mac = (
+                        ":".join(re.findall("..", "{:02x}".format(src_mac))[:3])
+                        + ":00:00:00"
+                    )
                 else:
-                    mac = ':'.join(re.findall(
-                        '..', '{:02x}'.format(src_mac)))
+                    mac = ":".join(re.findall("..", "{:02x}".format(src_mac)))
 
                 if ip_type == self.EXACT_IP:
                     ip4[3] = random.randint(100, 200)
@@ -255,14 +272,16 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
                     ip4[3] = 0
                     ip6[7] = random.randint(100, 200)
                     ip6[15] = 0
-                ip_pack = b''
+                ip_pack = b""
                 for j in range(0, len(ip)):
-                    ip_pack += pack(' 0:
@@ -531,10 +558,10 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
             if is_permit:
                 macip_rule = MacipRule(
                     is_permit=is_permit,
-                    src_prefix=ip_network(
-                        (ip_rule, prefix_len)),
+                    src_prefix=ip_network((ip_rule, prefix_len)),
                     src_mac=MACAddress(mac_rule).packed,
-                    src_mac_mask=MACAddress(mac_mask).packed)
+                    src_mac_mask=MACAddress(mac_mask).packed,
+                )
                 macip_rules.append(macip_rule)
 
         # deny all other packets
@@ -544,16 +571,22 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
                 is_permit=0,
                 src_prefix=network,
                 src_mac=MACAddress("00:00:00:00:00:00").packed,
-                src_mac_mask=MACAddress("00:00:00:00:00:00").packed)
+                src_mac_mask=MACAddress("00:00:00:00:00:00").packed,
+            )
             macip_rules.append(macip_rule)
 
         network = IPv6Network((0, 0)) if is_ip6 else IPv4Network((0, 0))
-        acl_rule = AclRule(is_permit=0, src_prefix=network, dst_prefix=network,
-                           sport_from=0, sport_to=0, dport_from=0, dport_to=0)
+        acl_rule = AclRule(
+            is_permit=0,
+            src_prefix=network,
+            dst_prefix=network,
+            sport_from=0,
+            sport_to=0,
+            dport_from=0,
+            dport_to=0,
+        )
         acl_rules.append(acl_rule)
-        return {'stream': packets,
-                'macip_rules': macip_rules,
-                'acl_rules': acl_rules}
+        return {"stream": packets, "macip_rules": macip_rules, "acl_rules": acl_rules}
 
     def verify_capture(self, stream, capture, is_ip6):
         """
@@ -582,10 +615,20 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
         #     data = p[Raw].load.split(':',1)[1])
         #     print(p[p_l3].src, data)
 
-    def run_traffic(self, mac_type, ip_type, traffic, is_ip6, packets,
-                    do_not_expected_capture=False, tags=None,
-                    apply_rules=True, isMACIP=True, permit_tags=PERMIT_TAGS,
-                    try_replace=False):
+    def run_traffic(
+        self,
+        mac_type,
+        ip_type,
+        traffic,
+        is_ip6,
+        packets,
+        do_not_expected_capture=False,
+        tags=None,
+        apply_rules=True,
+        isMACIP=True,
+        permit_tags=PERMIT_TAGS,
+        try_replace=False,
+    ):
         self.reset_packet_infos()
 
         if tags is None:
@@ -619,21 +662,28 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
             else:
                 return
 
-        test_dict = self.create_stream(mac_type, ip_type, packets,
-                                       src_if, dst_if,
-                                       traffic, is_ip6,
-                                       tags=permit_tags)
+        test_dict = self.create_stream(
+            mac_type,
+            ip_type,
+            packets,
+            src_if,
+            dst_if,
+            traffic,
+            is_ip6,
+            tags=permit_tags,
+        )
 
         if apply_rules:
             if isMACIP:
-                self.acl = VppMacipAcl(self, rules=test_dict['macip_rules'])
+                self.acl = VppMacipAcl(self, rules=test_dict["macip_rules"])
             else:
-                self.acl = VppAcl(self, rules=test_dict['acl_rules'])
+                self.acl = VppAcl(self, rules=test_dict["acl_rules"])
             self.acl.add_vpp_config()
 
             if isMACIP:
                 self.acl_if = VppMacipAclInterface(
-                    self, sw_if_index=tx_if.sw_if_index, acls=[self.acl])
+                    self, sw_if_index=tx_if.sw_if_index, acls=[self.acl]
+                )
                 self.acl_if.add_vpp_config()
 
                 dump = self.acl_if.dump()
@@ -641,45 +691,51 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
                 self.assertEqual(dump[0].acls[0], self.acl.acl_index)
             else:
                 self.acl_if = VppAclInterface(
-                    self, sw_if_index=tx_if.sw_if_index, n_input=1,
-                    acls=[self.acl])
+                    self, sw_if_index=tx_if.sw_if_index, n_input=1, acls=[self.acl]
+                )
                 self.acl_if.add_vpp_config()
         else:
             if hasattr(self, "acl_if"):
                 self.acl_if.remove_vpp_config()
         if try_replace and hasattr(self, "acl"):
             if isMACIP:
-                self.acl.modify_vpp_config(test_dict['macip_rules'])
+                self.acl.modify_vpp_config(test_dict["macip_rules"])
             else:
-                self.acl.modify_vpp_config(test_dict['acl_rules'])
+                self.acl.modify_vpp_config(test_dict["acl_rules"])
 
         if not isinstance(src_if, VppSubInterface):
-            tx_if.add_stream(test_dict['stream'])
+            tx_if.add_stream(test_dict["stream"])
         else:
-            tx_if.parent.add_stream(test_dict['stream'])
+            tx_if.parent.add_stream(test_dict["stream"])
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
         if do_not_expected_capture:
             rx_if.get_capture(0)
         else:
-            if traffic == self.BRIDGED and mac_type == self.WILD_MAC and \
-                    ip_type == self.WILD_IP:
+            if (
+                traffic == self.BRIDGED
+                and mac_type == self.WILD_MAC
+                and ip_type == self.WILD_IP
+            ):
                 capture = rx_if.get_capture(packets)
             else:
                 capture = rx_if.get_capture(
-                    self.get_packet_count_for_if_idx(dst_if.sw_if_index))
-            self.verify_capture(test_dict['stream'], capture, is_ip6)
+                    self.get_packet_count_for_if_idx(dst_if.sw_if_index)
+                )
+            self.verify_capture(test_dict["stream"], capture, is_ip6)
         if not isMACIP:
             if hasattr(self, "acl_if"):
                 self.acl_if.remove_vpp_config()
             if hasattr(self, "acl"):
                 self.acl.remove_vpp_config()
 
-    def run_test_acls(self, mac_type, ip_type, acl_count,
-                      rules_count, traffic=None, ip=None):
-        self.apply_macip_rules(self.create_rules(mac_type, ip_type, acl_count,
-                                                 rules_count))
+    def run_test_acls(
+        self, mac_type, ip_type, acl_count, rules_count, traffic=None, ip=None
+    ):
+        self.apply_macip_rules(
+            self.create_rules(mac_type, ip_type, acl_count, rules_count)
+        )
         self.verify_macip_acls(acl_count, rules_count)
 
         if traffic is not None:
@@ -698,134 +754,104 @@ class TestMACIP_IP4(MethodHolder):
         super(TestMACIP_IP4, cls).tearDownClass()
 
     def test_acl_bridged_ip4_exactMAC_exactIP(self):
-        """ IP4 MACIP exactMAC|exactIP ACL bridged traffic
-        """
-        self.run_traffic(self.EXACT_MAC, self.EXACT_IP,
-                         self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP4, 9)
+        """IP4 MACIP exactMAC|exactIP ACL bridged traffic"""
+        self.run_traffic(self.EXACT_MAC, self.EXACT_IP, self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP4, 9)
 
     def test_acl_bridged_ip4_exactMAC_subnetIP(self):
-        """ IP4 MACIP exactMAC|subnetIP ACL bridged traffic
-        """
+        """IP4 MACIP exactMAC|subnetIP ACL bridged traffic"""
 
-        self.run_traffic(self.EXACT_MAC, self.SUBNET_IP,
-                         self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP4, 9)
+        self.run_traffic(self.EXACT_MAC, self.SUBNET_IP, self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP4, 9)
 
     def test_acl_bridged_ip4_exactMAC_wildIP(self):
-        """ IP4 MACIP exactMAC|wildIP ACL bridged traffic
-        """
+        """IP4 MACIP exactMAC|wildIP ACL bridged traffic"""
 
-        self.run_traffic(self.EXACT_MAC, self.WILD_IP,
-                         self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP4, 9)
+        self.run_traffic(self.EXACT_MAC, self.WILD_IP, self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP4, 9)
 
     def test_acl_bridged_ip4_ouiMAC_exactIP(self):
-        """ IP4 MACIP ouiMAC|exactIP ACL bridged traffic
-        """
+        """IP4 MACIP ouiMAC|exactIP ACL bridged traffic"""
 
-        self.run_traffic(self.OUI_MAC, self.EXACT_IP,
-                         self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP4, 3)
+        self.run_traffic(self.OUI_MAC, self.EXACT_IP, self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP4, 3)
 
     def test_acl_bridged_ip4_ouiMAC_subnetIP(self):
-        """ IP4 MACIP ouiMAC|subnetIP ACL bridged traffic
-        """
+        """IP4 MACIP ouiMAC|subnetIP ACL bridged traffic"""
 
-        self.run_traffic(self.OUI_MAC, self.SUBNET_IP,
-                         self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP4, 9)
+        self.run_traffic(self.OUI_MAC, self.SUBNET_IP, self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP4, 9)
 
     def test_acl_bridged_ip4_ouiMAC_wildIP(self):
-        """ IP4 MACIP ouiMAC|wildIP ACL bridged traffic
-        """
+        """IP4 MACIP ouiMAC|wildIP ACL bridged traffic"""
 
-        self.run_traffic(self.OUI_MAC, self.WILD_IP,
-                         self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP4, 9)
+        self.run_traffic(self.OUI_MAC, self.WILD_IP, self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP4, 9)
 
     def test_ac_bridgedl_ip4_wildMAC_exactIP(self):
-        """ IP4 MACIP wildcardMAC|exactIP ACL bridged traffic
-        """
+        """IP4 MACIP wildcardMAC|exactIP ACL bridged traffic"""
 
-        self.run_traffic(self.WILD_MAC, self.EXACT_IP,
-                         self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP4, 9)
+        self.run_traffic(self.WILD_MAC, self.EXACT_IP, self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP4, 9)
 
     def test_acl_bridged_ip4_wildMAC_subnetIP(self):
-        """ IP4 MACIP wildcardMAC|subnetIP ACL bridged traffic
-        """
+        """IP4 MACIP wildcardMAC|subnetIP ACL bridged traffic"""
 
-        self.run_traffic(self.WILD_MAC, self.SUBNET_IP,
-                         self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP4, 9)
+        self.run_traffic(self.WILD_MAC, self.SUBNET_IP, self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP4, 9)
 
     def test_acl_bridged_ip4_wildMAC_wildIP(self):
-        """ IP4 MACIP wildcardMAC|wildIP ACL bridged traffic
-        """
+        """IP4 MACIP wildcardMAC|wildIP ACL bridged traffic"""
 
-        self.run_traffic(self.WILD_MAC, self.WILD_IP,
-                         self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP4, 9)
+        self.run_traffic(self.WILD_MAC, self.WILD_IP, self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP4, 9)
 
     def test_acl_routed_ip4_exactMAC_exactIP(self):
-        """ IP4 MACIP exactMAC|exactIP ACL routed traffic
-        """
-        self.run_traffic(self.EXACT_MAC, self.EXACT_IP,
-                         self.ROUTED, self.IS_IP4, 9)
+        """IP4 MACIP exactMAC|exactIP ACL routed traffic"""
+        self.run_traffic(self.EXACT_MAC, self.EXACT_IP, self.ROUTED, self.IS_IP4, 9)
 
     def test_acl_routed_ip4_exactMAC_subnetIP(self):
-        """ IP4 MACIP exactMAC|subnetIP ACL routed traffic
-        """
-        self.run_traffic(self.EXACT_MAC, self.SUBNET_IP,
-                         self.ROUTED, self.IS_IP4, 9)
+        """IP4 MACIP exactMAC|subnetIP ACL routed traffic"""
+        self.run_traffic(self.EXACT_MAC, self.SUBNET_IP, self.ROUTED, self.IS_IP4, 9)
 
     def test_acl_routed_ip4_exactMAC_wildIP(self):
-        """ IP4 MACIP exactMAC|wildIP ACL routed traffic
-        """
-        self.run_traffic(self.EXACT_MAC, self.WILD_IP,
-                         self.ROUTED, self.IS_IP4, 9)
+        """IP4 MACIP exactMAC|wildIP ACL routed traffic"""
+        self.run_traffic(self.EXACT_MAC, self.WILD_IP, self.ROUTED, self.IS_IP4, 9)
 
     def test_acl_routed_ip4_ouiMAC_exactIP(self):
-        """ IP4 MACIP ouiMAC|exactIP ACL routed traffic
-        """
+        """IP4 MACIP ouiMAC|exactIP ACL routed traffic"""
 
-        self.run_traffic(self.OUI_MAC, self.EXACT_IP,
-                         self.ROUTED, self.IS_IP4, 9)
+        self.run_traffic(self.OUI_MAC, self.EXACT_IP, self.ROUTED, self.IS_IP4, 9)
 
     def test_acl_routed_ip4_ouiMAC_subnetIP(self):
-        """ IP4 MACIP ouiMAC|subnetIP ACL routed traffic
-        """
+        """IP4 MACIP ouiMAC|subnetIP ACL routed traffic"""
 
-        self.run_traffic(self.OUI_MAC, self.SUBNET_IP,
-                         self.ROUTED, self.IS_IP4, 9)
+        self.run_traffic(self.OUI_MAC, self.SUBNET_IP, self.ROUTED, self.IS_IP4, 9)
 
     def test_acl_routed_ip4_ouiMAC_wildIP(self):
-        """ IP4 MACIP ouiMAC|wildIP ACL routed traffic
-        """
+        """IP4 MACIP ouiMAC|wildIP ACL routed traffic"""
 
-        self.run_traffic(self.OUI_MAC, self.WILD_IP,
-                         self.ROUTED, self.IS_IP4, 9)
+        self.run_traffic(self.OUI_MAC, self.WILD_IP, self.ROUTED, self.IS_IP4, 9)
 
     def test_acl_routed_ip4_wildMAC_exactIP(self):
-        """ IP4 MACIP wildcardMAC|exactIP ACL routed traffic
-        """
+        """IP4 MACIP wildcardMAC|exactIP ACL routed traffic"""
 
-        self.run_traffic(self.WILD_MAC, self.EXACT_IP,
-                         self.ROUTED, self.IS_IP4, 9)
+        self.run_traffic(self.WILD_MAC, self.EXACT_IP, self.ROUTED, self.IS_IP4, 9)
 
     def test_acl_routed_ip4_wildMAC_subnetIP(self):
-        """ IP4 MACIP wildcardMAC|subnetIP ACL routed traffic
-        """
+        """IP4 MACIP wildcardMAC|subnetIP ACL routed traffic"""
 
-        self.run_traffic(self.WILD_MAC, self.SUBNET_IP,
-                         self.ROUTED, self.IS_IP4, 9)
+        self.run_traffic(self.WILD_MAC, self.SUBNET_IP, self.ROUTED, self.IS_IP4, 9)
 
     def test_acl_routed_ip4_wildMAC_wildIP(self):
-        """ IP4 MACIP wildcardMAC|wildIP ACL
-        """
+        """IP4 MACIP wildcardMAC|wildIP ACL"""
 
-        self.run_traffic(self.WILD_MAC, self.WILD_IP,
-                         self.ROUTED, self.IS_IP4, 9)
+        self.run_traffic(self.WILD_MAC, self.WILD_IP, self.ROUTED, self.IS_IP4, 9)
 
     def test_acl_replace_traffic_ip4(self):
-        """ MACIP replace ACL with IP4 traffic
-        """
-        self.run_traffic(self.OUI_MAC, self.SUBNET_IP,
-                         self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP4, 9, try_replace=True)
-        self.run_traffic(self.EXACT_MAC, self.EXACT_IP,
-                         self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP4, 9, try_replace=True)
+        """MACIP replace ACL with IP4 traffic"""
+        self.run_traffic(
+            self.OUI_MAC, self.SUBNET_IP, self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP4, 9, try_replace=True
+        )
+        self.run_traffic(
+            self.EXACT_MAC,
+            self.EXACT_IP,
+            self.BRIDGED,
+            self.IS_IP4,
+            9,
+            try_replace=True,
+        )
 
 
 class TestMACIP_IP6(MethodHolder):
@@ -840,138 +866,108 @@ class TestMACIP_IP6(MethodHolder):
         super(TestMACIP_IP6, cls).tearDownClass()
 
     def test_acl_bridged_ip6_exactMAC_exactIP(self):
-        """ IP6 MACIP exactMAC|exactIP ACL bridged traffic
-        """
+        """IP6 MACIP exactMAC|exactIP ACL bridged traffic"""
 
-        self.run_traffic(self.EXACT_MAC, self.EXACT_IP,
-                         self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP6, 9)
+        self.run_traffic(self.EXACT_MAC, self.EXACT_IP, self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP6, 9)
 
     def test_acl_bridged_ip6_exactMAC_subnetIP(self):
-        """ IP6 MACIP exactMAC|subnetIP ACL bridged traffic
-        """
+        """IP6 MACIP exactMAC|subnetIP ACL bridged traffic"""
 
-        self.run_traffic(self.EXACT_MAC, self.SUBNET_IP,
-                         self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP6, 9)
+        self.run_traffic(self.EXACT_MAC, self.SUBNET_IP, self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP6, 9)
 
     def test_acl_bridged_ip6_exactMAC_wildIP(self):
-        """ IP6 MACIP exactMAC|wildIP ACL bridged traffic
-        """
+        """IP6 MACIP exactMAC|wildIP ACL bridged traffic"""
 
-        self.run_traffic(self.EXACT_MAC, self.WILD_IP,
-                         self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP6, 9)
+        self.run_traffic(self.EXACT_MAC, self.WILD_IP, self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP6, 9)
 
     def test_acl_bridged_ip6_ouiMAC_exactIP(self):
-        """ IP6 MACIP oui_MAC|exactIP ACL bridged traffic
-        """
+        """IP6 MACIP oui_MAC|exactIP ACL bridged traffic"""
 
-        self.run_traffic(self.OUI_MAC, self.EXACT_IP,
-                         self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP6, 9)
+        self.run_traffic(self.OUI_MAC, self.EXACT_IP, self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP6, 9)
 
     def test_acl_bridged_ip6_ouiMAC_subnetIP(self):
-        """ IP6 MACIP ouiMAC|subnetIP ACL bridged traffic
-        """
+        """IP6 MACIP ouiMAC|subnetIP ACL bridged traffic"""
 
-        self.run_traffic(self.OUI_MAC, self.SUBNET_IP,
-                         self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP6, 9)
+        self.run_traffic(self.OUI_MAC, self.SUBNET_IP, self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP6, 9)
 
     def test_acl_bridged_ip6_ouiMAC_wildIP(self):
-        """ IP6 MACIP ouiMAC|wildIP ACL bridged traffic
-        """
+        """IP6 MACIP ouiMAC|wildIP ACL bridged traffic"""
 
-        self.run_traffic(self.OUI_MAC, self.WILD_IP,
-                         self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP6, 9)
+        self.run_traffic(self.OUI_MAC, self.WILD_IP, self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP6, 9)
 
     def test_acl_bridged_ip6_wildMAC_exactIP(self):
-        """ IP6 MACIP wildcardMAC|exactIP ACL bridged traffic
-        """
+        """IP6 MACIP wildcardMAC|exactIP ACL bridged traffic"""
 
-        self.run_traffic(self.WILD_MAC, self.EXACT_IP,
-                         self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP6, 9)
+        self.run_traffic(self.WILD_MAC, self.EXACT_IP, self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP6, 9)
 
     def test_acl_bridged_ip6_wildMAC_subnetIP(self):
-        """ IP6 MACIP wildcardMAC|subnetIP ACL bridged traffic
-        """
+        """IP6 MACIP wildcardMAC|subnetIP ACL bridged traffic"""
 
-        self.run_traffic(self.WILD_MAC, self.SUBNET_IP,
-                         self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP6, 9)
+        self.run_traffic(self.WILD_MAC, self.SUBNET_IP, self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP6, 9)
 
     def test_acl_bridged_ip6_wildMAC_wildIP(self):
-        """ IP6 MACIP wildcardMAC|wildIP ACL bridged traffic
-        """
+        """IP6 MACIP wildcardMAC|wildIP ACL bridged traffic"""
 
-        self.run_traffic(self.WILD_MAC, self.WILD_IP,
-                         self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP6, 9)
+        self.run_traffic(self.WILD_MAC, self.WILD_IP, self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP6, 9)
 
     def test_acl_routed_ip6_exactMAC_exactIP(self):
-        """ IP6 MACIP exactMAC|exactIP ACL routed traffic
-        """
+        """IP6 MACIP exactMAC|exactIP ACL routed traffic"""
 
-        self.run_traffic(self.EXACT_MAC, self.EXACT_IP,
-                         self.ROUTED, self.IS_IP6, 9)
+        self.run_traffic(self.EXACT_MAC, self.EXACT_IP, self.ROUTED, self.IS_IP6, 9)
 
     def test_acl_routed_ip6_exactMAC_subnetIP(self):
-        """ IP6 MACIP exactMAC|subnetIP ACL routed traffic
-        """
+        """IP6 MACIP exactMAC|subnetIP ACL routed traffic"""
 
-        self.run_traffic(self.EXACT_MAC, self.SUBNET_IP,
-                         self.ROUTED, self.IS_IP6, 9)
+        self.run_traffic(self.EXACT_MAC, self.SUBNET_IP, self.ROUTED, self.IS_IP6, 9)
 
     def test_acl_routed_ip6_exactMAC_wildIP(self):
-        """ IP6 MACIP exactMAC|wildIP ACL routed traffic
-        """
+        """IP6 MACIP exactMAC|wildIP ACL routed traffic"""
 
-        self.run_traffic(self.EXACT_MAC, self.WILD_IP,
-                         self.ROUTED, self.IS_IP6, 9)
+        self.run_traffic(self.EXACT_MAC, self.WILD_IP, self.ROUTED, self.IS_IP6, 9)
 
     def test_acl_routed_ip6_ouiMAC_exactIP(self):
-        """ IP6 MACIP ouiMAC|exactIP ACL routed traffic
-        """
+        """IP6 MACIP ouiMAC|exactIP ACL routed traffic"""
 
-        self.run_traffic(self.OUI_MAC, self.EXACT_IP,
-                         self.ROUTED, self.IS_IP6, 9)
+        self.run_traffic(self.OUI_MAC, self.EXACT_IP, self.ROUTED, self.IS_IP6, 9)
 
     def test_acl_routed_ip6_ouiMAC_subnetIP(self):
-        """ IP6 MACIP ouiMAC|subnetIP ACL routed traffic
-        """
+        """IP6 MACIP ouiMAC|subnetIP ACL routed traffic"""
 
-        self.run_traffic(self.OUI_MAC, self.SUBNET_IP,
-                         self.ROUTED, self.IS_IP6, 9)
+        self.run_traffic(self.OUI_MAC, self.SUBNET_IP, self.ROUTED, self.IS_IP6, 9)
 
     def test_acl_routed_ip6_ouiMAC_wildIP(self):
-        """ IP6 MACIP ouiMAC|wildIP ACL routed traffic
-        """
+        """IP6 MACIP ouiMAC|wildIP ACL routed traffic"""
 
-        self.run_traffic(self.OUI_MAC, self.WILD_IP,
-                         self.ROUTED, self.IS_IP6, 9)
+        self.run_traffic(self.OUI_MAC, self.WILD_IP, self.ROUTED, self.IS_IP6, 9)
 
     def test_acl_routed_ip6_wildMAC_exactIP(self):
-        """ IP6 MACIP wildcardMAC|exactIP ACL routed traffic
-        """
+        """IP6 MACIP wildcardMAC|exactIP ACL routed traffic"""
 
-        self.run_traffic(self.WILD_MAC, self.EXACT_IP,
-                         self.ROUTED, self.IS_IP6, 9)
+        self.run_traffic(self.WILD_MAC, self.EXACT_IP, self.ROUTED, self.IS_IP6, 9)
 
     def test_acl_routed_ip6_wildMAC_subnetIP(self):
-        """ IP6 MACIP wildcardMAC|subnetIP ACL routed traffic
-        """
+        """IP6 MACIP wildcardMAC|subnetIP ACL routed traffic"""
 
-        self.run_traffic(self.WILD_MAC, self.SUBNET_IP,
-                         self.ROUTED, self.IS_IP6, 9)
+        self.run_traffic(self.WILD_MAC, self.SUBNET_IP, self.ROUTED, self.IS_IP6, 9)
 
     def test_acl_routed_ip6_wildMAC_wildIP(self):
-        """ IP6 MACIP wildcardMAC|wildIP ACL
-        """
+        """IP6 MACIP wildcardMAC|wildIP ACL"""
 
-        self.run_traffic(self.WILD_MAC, self.WILD_IP,
-                         self.ROUTED, self.IS_IP6, 9)
+        self.run_traffic(self.WILD_MAC, self.WILD_IP, self.ROUTED, self.IS_IP6, 9)
 
     def test_acl_replace_traffic_ip6(self):
-        """ MACIP replace ACL with IP6 traffic
-        """
-        self.run_traffic(self.OUI_MAC, self.SUBNET_IP,
-                         self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP6, 9, try_replace=True)
-        self.run_traffic(self.EXACT_MAC, self.EXACT_IP,
-                         self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP6, 9, try_replace=True)
+        """MACIP replace ACL with IP6 traffic"""
+        self.run_traffic(
+            self.OUI_MAC, self.SUBNET_IP, self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP6, 9, try_replace=True
+        )
+        self.run_traffic(
+            self.EXACT_MAC,
+            self.EXACT_IP,
+            self.BRIDGED,
+            self.IS_IP6,
+            9,
+            try_replace=True,
+        )
 
 
 class TestMACIP(MethodHolder):
@@ -986,73 +982,76 @@ class TestMACIP(MethodHolder):
         super(TestMACIP, cls).tearDownClass()
 
     def test_acl_1_2(self):
-        """ MACIP ACL with 2 entries
-        """
+        """MACIP ACL with 2 entries"""
 
         self.run_test_acls(self.EXACT_MAC, self.WILD_IP, 1, [2])
 
     def test_acl_1_5(self):
-        """ MACIP ACL with 5 entries
-        """
+        """MACIP ACL with 5 entries"""
 
         self.run_test_acls(self.EXACT_MAC, self.SUBNET_IP, 1, [5])
 
     def test_acl_1_10(self):
-        """ MACIP ACL with 10 entries
-        """
+        """MACIP ACL with 10 entries"""
 
         self.run_test_acls(self.EXACT_MAC, self.EXACT_IP, 1, [10])
 
     def test_acl_1_20(self):
-        """ MACIP ACL with 20 entries
-        """
+        """MACIP ACL with 20 entries"""
 
         self.run_test_acls(self.OUI_MAC, self.WILD_IP, 1, [20])
 
     def test_acl_1_50(self):
-        """ MACIP ACL with 50 entries
-        """
+        """MACIP ACL with 50 entries"""
 
         self.run_test_acls(self.OUI_MAC, self.SUBNET_IP, 1, [50])
 
     def test_acl_1_100(self):
-        """ MACIP ACL with 100 entries
-        """
+        """MACIP ACL with 100 entries"""
 
         self.run_test_acls(self.OUI_MAC, self.EXACT_IP, 1, [100])
 
     def test_acl_2_X(self):
-        """ MACIP 2 ACLs each with 100+ entries
-        """
+        """MACIP 2 ACLs each with 100+ entries"""
 
         self.run_test_acls(self.OUI_MAC, self.SUBNET_IP, 2, [100, 200])
 
     def test_acl_10_X(self):
-        """ MACIP 10 ACLs each with 100+ entries
-        """
+        """MACIP 10 ACLs each with 100+ entries"""
 
-        self.run_test_acls(self.EXACT_MAC, self.EXACT_IP, 10,
-                           [100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240])
+        self.run_test_acls(
+            self.EXACT_MAC,
+            self.EXACT_IP,
+            10,
+            [100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240],
+        )
 
     def test_acl_10_X_traffic_ip4(self):
-        """ MACIP 10 ACLs each with 100+ entries with IP4 traffic
-        """
+        """MACIP 10 ACLs each with 100+ entries with IP4 traffic"""
 
-        self.run_test_acls(self.EXACT_MAC, self.EXACT_IP, 10,
-                           [100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240],
-                           self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP4)
+        self.run_test_acls(
+            self.EXACT_MAC,
+            self.EXACT_IP,
+            10,
+            [100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240],
+            self.BRIDGED,
+            self.IS_IP4,
+        )
 
     def test_acl_10_X_traffic_ip6(self):
-        """ MACIP 10 ACLs each with 100+ entries with IP6 traffic
-        """
+        """MACIP 10 ACLs each with 100+ entries with IP6 traffic"""
 
-        self.run_test_acls(self.EXACT_MAC, self.EXACT_IP, 10,
-                           [100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240],
-                           self.BRIDGED, self.IS_IP6)
+        self.run_test_acls(
+            self.EXACT_MAC,
+            self.EXACT_IP,
+            10,
+            [100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240],
+            self.BRIDGED,
+            self.IS_IP6,
+        )
 
     def test_acl_replace(self):
-        """ MACIP replace ACL
-        """
+        """MACIP replace ACL"""
 
         r1 = self.create_rules(acl_count=3, rules_count=[2, 2, 2])
         r2 = self.create_rules(mac_type=self.OUI_MAC, ip_type=self.SUBNET_IP)
@@ -1069,17 +1068,15 @@ class TestMACIP(MethodHolder):
         # verify changes
         self.assertEqual(len(acls_before), len(acls_after))
         for acl1, acl2 in zip(
-                acls_before[:2]+acls_before[4:],
-                acls_after[:2]+acls_after[4:]):
+            acls_before[:2] + acls_before[4:], acls_after[:2] + acls_after[4:]
+        ):
             self.assertEqual(len(acl1), len(acl2))
 
             self.assertEqual(len(acl1.r), len(acl2.r))
             for r1, r2 in zip(acl1.r, acl2.r):
                 self.assertEqual(len(acl1.r), len(acl2.r))
                 self.assertEqual(acl1.r, acl2.r)
-        for acl1, acl2 in zip(
-                acls_before[2:4],
-                acls_after[2:4]):
+        for acl1, acl2 in zip(acls_before[2:4], acls_after[2:4]):
             self.assertEqual(len(acl1), len(acl2))
 
             self.assertNotEqual(len(acl1.r), len(acl2.r))
@@ -1088,38 +1085,40 @@ class TestMACIP(MethodHolder):
                 self.assertNotEqual(acl1.r, acl2.r)
 
     def test_delete_intf(self):
-        """ MACIP ACL delete intf with acl
-        """
+        """MACIP ACL delete intf with acl"""
 
-        intf_count = len(self.interfaces)+1
+        intf_count = len(self.interfaces) + 1
         intf = []
         macip_alcs = self.apply_macip_rules(
-            self.create_rules(acl_count=3, rules_count=[3, 5, 4]))
+            self.create_rules(acl_count=3, rules_count=[3, 5, 4])
+        )
 
         intf.append(VppLoInterface(self))
         intf.append(VppLoInterface(self))
 
         sw_if_index0 = intf[0].sw_if_index
         macip_acl_if0 = VppMacipAclInterface(
-            self, sw_if_index=sw_if_index0, acls=[macip_alcs[1]])
+            self, sw_if_index=sw_if_index0, acls=[macip_alcs[1]]
+        )
         macip_acl_if0.add_vpp_config()
 
         reply = self.vapi.macip_acl_interface_get()
-        self.assertEqual(reply.count, intf_count+1)
+        self.assertEqual(reply.count, intf_count + 1)
         self.assertEqual(reply.acls[sw_if_index0], 1)
 
         sw_if_index1 = intf[1].sw_if_index
         macip_acl_if1 = VppMacipAclInterface(
-            self, sw_if_index=sw_if_index1, acls=[macip_alcs[0]])
+            self, sw_if_index=sw_if_index1, acls=[macip_alcs[0]]
+        )
         macip_acl_if1.add_vpp_config()
 
         reply = self.vapi.macip_acl_interface_get()
-        self.assertEqual(reply.count, intf_count+2)
+        self.assertEqual(reply.count, intf_count + 2)
         self.assertEqual(reply.acls[sw_if_index1], 0)
 
         intf[0].remove_vpp_config()
         reply = self.vapi.macip_acl_interface_get()
-        self.assertEqual(reply.count, intf_count+2)
+        self.assertEqual(reply.count, intf_count + 2)
         self.assertEqual(reply.acls[sw_if_index0], 4294967295)
         self.assertEqual(reply.acls[sw_if_index1], 0)
 
@@ -1128,14 +1127,16 @@ class TestMACIP(MethodHolder):
         sw_if_index2 = intf[2].sw_if_index
         sw_if_index3 = intf[3].sw_if_index
         macip_acl_if2 = VppMacipAclInterface(
-            self, sw_if_index=sw_if_index2, acls=[macip_alcs[1]])
+            self, sw_if_index=sw_if_index2, acls=[macip_alcs[1]]
+        )
         macip_acl_if2.add_vpp_config()
         macip_acl_if3 = VppMacipAclInterface(
-            self, sw_if_index=sw_if_index3, acls=[macip_alcs[1]])
+            self, sw_if_index=sw_if_index3, acls=[macip_alcs[1]]
+        )
         macip_acl_if3.add_vpp_config()
 
         reply = self.vapi.macip_acl_interface_get()
-        self.assertEqual(reply.count, intf_count+3)
+        self.assertEqual(reply.count, intf_count + 3)
         self.assertEqual(reply.acls[sw_if_index1], 0)
         self.assertEqual(reply.acls[sw_if_index2], 1)
         self.assertEqual(reply.acls[sw_if_index3], 1)
@@ -1150,7 +1151,7 @@ class TestMACIP(MethodHolder):
         intf[1].remove_vpp_config()
 
         reply = self.vapi.macip_acl_interface_get()
-        self.assertEqual(reply.count, intf_count+3)
+        self.assertEqual(reply.count, intf_count + 3)
         self.assertEqual(reply.acls[sw_if_index0], 4294967295)
         self.assertEqual(reply.acls[sw_if_index1], 4294967295)
         self.assertEqual(reply.acls[sw_if_index2], 4294967295)
@@ -1174,14 +1175,28 @@ class TestACL_dot1q_bridged(MethodHolder):
         super(TestACL_dot1q_bridged, cls).tearDownClass()
 
     def test_acl_bridged_ip4_subif_dot1q(self):
-        """ IP4 ACL SubIf Dot1Q bridged traffic"""
-        self.run_traffic(self.EXACT_MAC, self.EXACT_IP, self.BRIDGED,
-                         self.IS_IP4, 9, tags=self.DOT1Q, isMACIP=False)
+        """IP4 ACL SubIf Dot1Q bridged traffic"""
+        self.run_traffic(
+            self.EXACT_MAC,
+            self.EXACT_IP,
+            self.BRIDGED,
+            self.IS_IP4,
+            9,
+            tags=self.DOT1Q,
+            isMACIP=False,
+        )
 
     def test_acl_bridged_ip6_subif_dot1q(self):
-        """ IP6 ACL SubIf Dot1Q bridged traffic"""
-        self.run_traffic(self.EXACT_MAC, self.EXACT_IP, self.BRIDGED,
-                         self.IS_IP6, 9, tags=self.DOT1Q, isMACIP=False)
+        """IP6 ACL SubIf Dot1Q bridged traffic"""
+        self.run_traffic(
+            self.EXACT_MAC,
+            self.EXACT_IP,
+            self.BRIDGED,
+            self.IS_IP6,
+            9,
+            tags=self.DOT1Q,
+            isMACIP=False,
+        )
 
 
 class TestACL_dot1ad_bridged(MethodHolder):
@@ -1196,14 +1211,28 @@ class TestACL_dot1ad_bridged(MethodHolder):
         super(TestACL_dot1ad_bridged, cls).tearDownClass()
 
     def test_acl_bridged_ip4_subif_dot1ad(self):
-        """ IP4 ACL SubIf Dot1AD bridged traffic"""
-        self.run_traffic(self.EXACT_MAC, self.EXACT_IP, self.BRIDGED,
-                         self.IS_IP4, 9, tags=self.DOT1AD, isMACIP=False)
+        """IP4 ACL SubIf Dot1AD bridged traffic"""
+        self.run_traffic(
+            self.EXACT_MAC,
+            self.EXACT_IP,
+            self.BRIDGED,
+            self.IS_IP4,
+            9,
+            tags=self.DOT1AD,
+            isMACIP=False,
+        )
 
     def test_acl_bridged_ip6_subif_dot1ad(self):
-        """ IP6 ACL SubIf Dot1AD bridged traffic"""
-        self.run_traffic(self.EXACT_MAC, self.EXACT_IP, self.BRIDGED,
-                         self.IS_IP6, 9, tags=self.DOT1AD, isMACIP=False)
+        """IP6 ACL SubIf Dot1AD bridged traffic"""
+        self.run_traffic(
+            self.EXACT_MAC,
+            self.EXACT_IP,
+            self.BRIDGED,
+            self.IS_IP6,
+            9,
+            tags=self.DOT1AD,
+            isMACIP=False,
+        )
 
 
 class TestACL_dot1q_routed(MethodHolder):
@@ -1218,26 +1247,56 @@ class TestACL_dot1q_routed(MethodHolder):
         super(TestACL_dot1q_routed, cls).tearDownClass()
 
     def test_acl_routed_ip4_subif_dot1q(self):
-        """ IP4 ACL SubIf Dot1Q routed traffic"""
-        self.run_traffic(self.EXACT_MAC, self.EXACT_IP, self.ROUTED,
-                         self.IS_IP4, 9, tags=self.DOT1Q, isMACIP=False)
+        """IP4 ACL SubIf Dot1Q routed traffic"""
+        self.run_traffic(
+            self.EXACT_MAC,
+            self.EXACT_IP,
+            self.ROUTED,
+            self.IS_IP4,
+            9,
+            tags=self.DOT1Q,
+            isMACIP=False,
+        )
 
     def test_acl_routed_ip6_subif_dot1q(self):
-        """ IP6 ACL SubIf Dot1Q routed traffic"""
-        self.run_traffic(self.EXACT_MAC, self.EXACT_IP, self.ROUTED,
-                         self.IS_IP6, 9, tags=self.DOT1Q, isMACIP=False)
+        """IP6 ACL SubIf Dot1Q routed traffic"""
+        self.run_traffic(
+            self.EXACT_MAC,
+            self.EXACT_IP,
+            self.ROUTED,
+            self.IS_IP6,
+            9,
+            tags=self.DOT1Q,
+            isMACIP=False,
+        )
 
     def test_acl_routed_ip4_subif_dot1q_deny_by_tags(self):
-        """ IP4 ACL SubIf wrong tags Dot1Q routed traffic"""
-        self.run_traffic(self.EXACT_MAC, self.EXACT_IP, self.ROUTED,
-                         self.IS_IP4, 9, True, tags=self.DOT1Q, isMACIP=False,
-                         permit_tags=self.DENY_TAGS)
+        """IP4 ACL SubIf wrong tags Dot1Q routed traffic"""
+        self.run_traffic(
+            self.EXACT_MAC,
+            self.EXACT_IP,
+            self.ROUTED,
+            self.IS_IP4,
+            9,
+            True,
+            tags=self.DOT1Q,
+            isMACIP=False,
+            permit_tags=self.DENY_TAGS,
+        )
 
     def test_acl_routed_ip6_subif_dot1q_deny_by_tags(self):
-        """ IP6 ACL SubIf wrong tags Dot1Q routed traffic"""
-        self.run_traffic(self.EXACT_MAC, self.EXACT_IP, self.ROUTED,
-                         self.IS_IP6, 9, True, tags=self.DOT1Q, isMACIP=False,
-                         permit_tags=self.DENY_TAGS)
+        """IP6 ACL SubIf wrong tags Dot1Q routed traffic"""
+        self.run_traffic(
+            self.EXACT_MAC,
+            self.EXACT_IP,
+            self.ROUTED,
+            self.IS_IP6,
+            9,
+            True,
+            tags=self.DOT1Q,
+            isMACIP=False,
+            permit_tags=self.DENY_TAGS,
+        )
 
 
 class TestACL_dot1ad_routed(MethodHolder):
@@ -1252,27 +1311,57 @@ class TestACL_dot1ad_routed(MethodHolder):
         super(TestACL_dot1ad_routed, cls).tearDownClass()
 
     def test_acl_routed_ip6_subif_dot1ad(self):
-        """ IP6 ACL SubIf Dot1AD routed traffic"""
-        self.run_traffic(self.EXACT_MAC, self.EXACT_IP, self.ROUTED,
-                         self.IS_IP6, 9, tags=self.DOT1AD, isMACIP=False)
+        """IP6 ACL SubIf Dot1AD routed traffic"""
+        self.run_traffic(
+            self.EXACT_MAC,
+            self.EXACT_IP,
+            self.ROUTED,
+            self.IS_IP6,
+            9,
+            tags=self.DOT1AD,
+            isMACIP=False,
+        )
 
     def test_acl_routed_ip4_subif_dot1ad(self):
-        """ IP4 ACL SubIf Dot1AD routed traffic"""
-        self.run_traffic(self.EXACT_MAC, self.EXACT_IP, self.ROUTED,
-                         self.IS_IP4, 9, tags=self.DOT1AD, isMACIP=False)
+        """IP4 ACL SubIf Dot1AD routed traffic"""
+        self.run_traffic(
+            self.EXACT_MAC,
+            self.EXACT_IP,
+            self.ROUTED,
+            self.IS_IP4,
+            9,
+            tags=self.DOT1AD,
+            isMACIP=False,
+        )
 
     def test_acl_routed_ip6_subif_dot1ad_deny_by_tags(self):
-        """ IP6 ACL SubIf wrong tags Dot1AD routed traffic"""
-        self.run_traffic(self.EXACT_MAC, self.EXACT_IP, self.ROUTED,
-                         self.IS_IP6, 9, True, tags=self.DOT1AD, isMACIP=False,
-                         permit_tags=self.DENY_TAGS)
+        """IP6 ACL SubIf wrong tags Dot1AD routed traffic"""
+        self.run_traffic(
+            self.EXACT_MAC,
+            self.EXACT_IP,
+            self.ROUTED,
+            self.IS_IP6,
+            9,
+            True,
+            tags=self.DOT1AD,
+            isMACIP=False,
+            permit_tags=self.DENY_TAGS,
+        )
 
     def test_acl_routed_ip4_subif_dot1ad_deny_by_tags(self):
-        """ IP4 ACL SubIf wrong tags Dot1AD routed traffic"""
-        self.run_traffic(self.EXACT_MAC, self.EXACT_IP, self.ROUTED,
-                         self.IS_IP4, 9, True, tags=self.DOT1AD, isMACIP=False,
-                         permit_tags=self.DENY_TAGS)
+        """IP4 ACL SubIf wrong tags Dot1AD routed traffic"""
+        self.run_traffic(
+            self.EXACT_MAC,
+            self.EXACT_IP,
+            self.ROUTED,
+            self.IS_IP4,
+            9,
+            True,
+            tags=self.DOT1AD,
+            isMACIP=False,
+            permit_tags=self.DENY_TAGS,
+        )
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_adl.py b/test/test_adl.py
index 0463e258013..f58147d2d58 100644
--- a/test/test_adl.py
+++ b/test/test_adl.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from vpp_ip_route import VppIpTable, VppIpRoute, VppRoutePath
 
 
 class TestAdl(VppTestCase):
-    """ Allow/Deny Plugin Unit Test Cases """
+    """Allow/Deny Plugin Unit Test Cases"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -24,80 +24,86 @@ class TestAdl(VppTestCase):
         super(TestAdl, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_adl1_unittest(self):
-        """ Plugin API Test """
-        cmds = ["loop create\n",
-                "set int ip address loop0 192.168.1.1/24\n",
-                "set int ip6 table loop0 0\n",
-                "set int ip address loop0 2001:db01::1/64\n",
-                "set int state loop0 up\n",
-                "packet-generator new {\n"
-                " name ip4\n"
-                " limit 100\n"
-                " rate 0\n"
-                " size 128-128\n"
-                " interface loop0\n"
-                " node adl-input\n"
-                " data { IP4: 1.2.40 -> 3cfd.fed0.b6c8\n"
-                "        UDP: 192.168.1.2-192.168.1.10 -> 192.168.2.1\n"
-                "        UDP: 1234 -> 2345\n"
-                "        incrementing 114\n"
-                "       }\n"
-                " }\n",
-                "packet-generator new {\n"
-                " name ip6-allow\n"
-                " limit 50\n"
-                " rate 0\n"
-                " size 128-128\n"
-                " interface loop0\n"
-                " node adl-input\n"
-                " data { IP6: 1.2.40 -> 3cfd.fed0.b6c8\n"
-                "        UDP: 2001:db01::2 -> 2001:db01::1\n"
-                "        UDP: 1234 -> 2345\n"
-                "        incrementing 80\n"
-                "      }\n"
-                " }\n",
-                "packet-generator new {\n"
-                " name ip6-drop\n"
-                " limit 50\n"
-                " rate 0\n"
-                " size 128-128\n"
-                " interface loop0\n"
-                " node adl-input\n"
-                " data { IP6: 1.2.40 -> 3cfd.fed0.b6c8\n"
-                "        UDP: 2001:db01::3 -> 2001:db01::1\n"
-                "        UDP: 1234 -> 2345\n"
-                "        incrementing 80\n"
-                "      }\n"
-                " }\n",
-                "ip table 1\n",
-                "ip route add 192.168.2.1/32 via drop\n",
-                "ip route add table 1 192.168.1.2/32 via local\n",
-                "ip6 table 1\n",
-                "ip route add 2001:db01::1/128 via drop\n",
-                "ip route add table 1 2001:db01::2/128 via local\n",
-                "bin adl_interface_enable_disable loop0\n",
-                "bin adl_allowlist_enable_disable loop0 fib-id 1 ip4 ip6\n",
-                "pa en\n"]
+        """Plugin API Test"""
+        cmds = [
+            "loop create\n",
+            "set int ip address loop0 192.168.1.1/24\n",
+            "set int ip6 table loop0 0\n",
+            "set int ip address loop0 2001:db01::1/64\n",
+            "set int state loop0 up\n",
+            "packet-generator new {\n"
+            " name ip4\n"
+            " limit 100\n"
+            " rate 0\n"
+            " size 128-128\n"
+            " interface loop0\n"
+            " node adl-input\n"
+            " data { IP4: 1.2.40 -> 3cfd.fed0.b6c8\n"
+            "        UDP: 192.168.1.2-192.168.1.10 -> 192.168.2.1\n"
+            "        UDP: 1234 -> 2345\n"
+            "        incrementing 114\n"
+            "       }\n"
+            " }\n",
+            "packet-generator new {\n"
+            " name ip6-allow\n"
+            " limit 50\n"
+            " rate 0\n"
+            " size 128-128\n"
+            " interface loop0\n"
+            " node adl-input\n"
+            " data { IP6: 1.2.40 -> 3cfd.fed0.b6c8\n"
+            "        UDP: 2001:db01::2 -> 2001:db01::1\n"
+            "        UDP: 1234 -> 2345\n"
+            "        incrementing 80\n"
+            "      }\n"
+            " }\n",
+            "packet-generator new {\n"
+            " name ip6-drop\n"
+            " limit 50\n"
+            " rate 0\n"
+            " size 128-128\n"
+            " interface loop0\n"
+            " node adl-input\n"
+            " data { IP6: 1.2.40 -> 3cfd.fed0.b6c8\n"
+            "        UDP: 2001:db01::3 -> 2001:db01::1\n"
+            "        UDP: 1234 -> 2345\n"
+            "        incrementing 80\n"
+            "      }\n"
+            " }\n",
+            "ip table 1\n",
+            "ip route add 192.168.2.1/32 via drop\n",
+            "ip route add table 1 192.168.1.2/32 via local\n",
+            "ip6 table 1\n",
+            "ip route add 2001:db01::1/128 via drop\n",
+            "ip route add table 1 2001:db01::2/128 via local\n",
+            "bin adl_interface_enable_disable loop0\n",
+            "bin adl_allowlist_enable_disable loop0 fib-id 1 ip4 ip6\n",
+            "pa en\n",
+        ]
 
         for cmd in cmds:
             r = self.vapi.cli_return_response(cmd)
             if r.retval != 0:
-                if hasattr(r, 'reply'):
+                if hasattr(r, "reply"):
                     self.logger.info(cmd + " FAIL reply " + r.reply)
                 else:
                     self.logger.info(cmd + " FAIL retval " + str(r.retval))
 
         total_pkts = self.statistics.get_err_counter(
-            "/err/adl-input/Allow/Deny packets processed")
+            "/err/adl-input/Allow/Deny packets processed"
+        )
 
         self.assertEqual(total_pkts, 200)
 
         ip4_allow = self.statistics.get_err_counter(
-            "/err/ip4-adl-allowlist/ip4 allowlist allowed")
+            "/err/ip4-adl-allowlist/ip4 allowlist allowed"
+        )
         self.assertEqual(ip4_allow, 12)
         ip6_allow = self.statistics.get_err_counter(
-            "/err/ip6-adl-allowlist/ip6 allowlist allowed")
+            "/err/ip6-adl-allowlist/ip6 allowlist allowed"
+        )
         self.assertEqual(ip6_allow, 50)
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_api_client.py b/test/test_api_client.py
index ec44be7e370..200835b0878 100644
--- a/test/test_api_client.py
+++ b/test/test_api_client.py
@@ -7,14 +7,15 @@ from vpp_ip_route import VppIpTable, VppIpRoute, VppRoutePath
 
 
 class TestAPIClient(VppTestCase):
-    """ API Internal client Test Cases """
+    """API Internal client Test Cases"""
 
     def test_client_unittest(self):
-        """ Internal API client """
+        """Internal API client"""
         error = self.vapi.cli("test api internal")
         if error:
             self.logger.critical(error)
-            self.assertNotIn('failed', error)
+            self.assertNotIn("failed", error)
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_api_trace.py b/test/test_api_trace.py
index 6524878a10d..ae70666d66c 100644
--- a/test/test_api_trace.py
+++ b/test/test_api_trace.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import json
 
 
 class TestJsonApiTrace(VppTestCase):
-    """ JSON API trace related tests """
+    """JSON API trace related tests"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -24,24 +24,24 @@ class TestJsonApiTrace(VppTestCase):
     def test_json_api_trace_save(self):
         self.vapi.show_version()
 
-        fname = 'test_api_trace-%d.json' % self.vpp.pid
+        fname = "test_api_trace-%d.json" % self.vpp.pid
         tmp_api_trace = "/tmp/%s" % fname
-        fpath = '%s/%s' % (self.tempdir, fname)
+        fpath = "%s/%s" % (self.tempdir, fname)
         self.vapi.cli("api trace save-json {}".format(fname))
         os.rename(tmp_api_trace, fpath)
-        with open(fpath, encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        with open(fpath, encoding="utf-8") as f:
             s = f.read()
         trace = json.loads(s)
         found = False
         for o in trace:
-            if o['_msgname'] == 'show_version':
+            if o["_msgname"] == "show_version":
                 found = True
                 break
         self.assertTrue(found)
-        self.assertEquals(o['_msgname'], 'show_version')
+        self.assertEquals(o["_msgname"], "show_version")
 
     def test_json_api_trace_replay(self):
-        fname = '/tmp/create_loop.json'
+        fname = "/tmp/create_loop.json"
         req = """
 [
 {
@@ -50,14 +50,13 @@ class TestJsonApiTrace(VppTestCase):
         "mac_address": "00:00:00:00:00:00"
 }]
 """
-        with open(fname, 'w') as f:
+        with open(fname, "w") as f:
             f.write(req)
         self.vapi.cli("api trace replay-json {}".format(fname))
-        r = self.vapi.sw_interface_dump(name_filter='loop',
-                                        name_filter_valid=True)
+        r = self.vapi.sw_interface_dump(name_filter="loop", name_filter_valid=True)
         self.assertEqual(len(r), 1)
-        self.assertEqual(r[0].interface_name, 'loop0')
+        self.assertEqual(r[0].interface_name, "loop0")
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_arping.py b/test/test_arping.py
index bd8b6250a54..a3e7e041ba1 100644
--- a/test/test_arping.py
+++ b/test/test_arping.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ Basic test for sanity check of arping.
 
 
 class TestArping(VppTestCase):
-    """ Arping Test Case """
+    """Arping Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class TestArping(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(src, ipv6.src)
 
     def test_arping_ip4_arp_request_cli(self):
-        """ arping IP4 arp request CLI test """
+        """arping IP4 arp request CLI test"""
         try:
             self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
             self.pg_start()
@@ -81,19 +81,19 @@ class TestArping(VppTestCase):
 
             out = self.pg1.get_capture(6)
             for p in out:
-                self.verify_arping_request(p, self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                                           self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+                self.verify_arping_request(p, self.pg1.local_ip4, self.pg1.remote_ip4)
         finally:
             self.vapi.cli("show error")
 
     def test_arping_ip4_garp_cli(self):
-        """ arping ip4 gratuitous arp CLI test """
+        """arping ip4 gratuitous arp CLI test"""
         try:
             self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
             self.pg_start()
 
-            ping_cmd = ("arping gratuitous" + self.pg1.local_ip4 +
-                        "pg1 repeat 5 interval 0.1")
+            ping_cmd = (
+                "arping gratuitous" + self.pg1.local_ip4 + "pg1 repeat 5 interval 0.1"
+            )
             ret = self.vapi.cli(ping_cmd)
             self.logger.info(ret)
 
@@ -103,60 +103,65 @@ class TestArping(VppTestCase):
 
             out = self.pg1.get_capture(6)
             for p in out:
-                self.verify_arping_request(p, self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                                           self.pg1.local_ip4)
+                self.verify_arping_request(p, self.pg1.local_ip4, self.pg1.local_ip4)
         finally:
             self.vapi.cli("show error")
 
     def test_arping_ip4_arp_request_api(self):
-        """ arping ip4 arp request API test """
+        """arping ip4 arp request API test"""
         try:
             self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
             self.pg_start()
             remote_ip4 = self.pg1.remote_ip4
 
-            ret = self.vapi.arping(address=remote_ip4,
-                                   sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                   is_garp=0, repeat=5, interval=0.1)
+            ret = self.vapi.arping(
+                address=remote_ip4,
+                sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+                is_garp=0,
+                repeat=5,
+                interval=0.1,
+            )
             self.logger.info(ret)
 
-            ret = self.vapi.arping(address=remote_ip4,
-                                   sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                   is_garp=0)
+            ret = self.vapi.arping(
+                address=remote_ip4, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_garp=0
+            )
             self.logger.info(ret)
 
             out = self.pg1.get_capture(6)
             for p in out:
-                self.verify_arping_request(p, self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                                           self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+                self.verify_arping_request(p, self.pg1.local_ip4, self.pg1.remote_ip4)
         finally:
             self.vapi.cli("show error")
 
     def test_arping_ip4_garp_api(self):
-        """ arping ip4 gratuitous arp API test """
+        """arping ip4 gratuitous arp API test"""
         try:
             self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
             self.pg_start()
 
-            ret = self.vapi.arping(address=self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                                   sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                   is_garp=1, repeat=5, interval=0.1)
+            ret = self.vapi.arping(
+                address=self.pg1.local_ip4,
+                sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+                is_garp=1,
+                repeat=5,
+                interval=0.1,
+            )
             self.logger.info(ret)
 
-            ret = self.vapi.arping(address=self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                                   sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                   is_garp=1)
+            ret = self.vapi.arping(
+                address=self.pg1.local_ip4, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_garp=1
+            )
             self.logger.info(ret)
 
             out = self.pg1.get_capture(6)
             for p in out:
-                self.verify_arping_request(p, self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                                           self.pg1.local_ip4)
+                self.verify_arping_request(p, self.pg1.local_ip4, self.pg1.local_ip4)
         finally:
             self.vapi.cli("show error")
 
     def test_arping_ip6_ns_cli(self):
-        """ arping IP6 neighbor solicitation CLI test """
+        """arping IP6 neighbor solicitation CLI test"""
         try:
             self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
             self.pg_start()
@@ -172,43 +177,46 @@ class TestArping(VppTestCase):
 
             out = self.pg1.get_capture(6)
             for p in out:
-                self.verify_arping_ip6_ns(p, self.pg1.local_ip6,
-                                          self.pg1.remote_ip6)
+                self.verify_arping_ip6_ns(p, self.pg1.local_ip6, self.pg1.remote_ip6)
         finally:
             self.vapi.cli("show error")
 
     def test_arping_ip6_ns_api(self):
-        """ arping ip6 neighbor solicitation API test """
+        """arping ip6 neighbor solicitation API test"""
         try:
             self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
             self.pg_start()
             remote_ip6 = self.pg1.remote_ip6
 
-            ret = self.vapi.arping(address=remote_ip6,
-                                   sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                   is_garp=0, repeat=5, interval=0.1)
+            ret = self.vapi.arping(
+                address=remote_ip6,
+                sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+                is_garp=0,
+                repeat=5,
+                interval=0.1,
+            )
             self.logger.info(ret)
 
-            ret = self.vapi.arping(address=remote_ip6,
-                                   sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                   is_garp=0)
+            ret = self.vapi.arping(
+                address=remote_ip6, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_garp=0
+            )
             self.logger.info(ret)
 
             out = self.pg1.get_capture(6)
             for p in out:
-                self.verify_arping_ip6_ns(p, self.pg1.local_ip6,
-                                          self.pg1.remote_ip6)
+                self.verify_arping_ip6_ns(p, self.pg1.local_ip6, self.pg1.remote_ip6)
         finally:
             self.vapi.cli("show error")
 
     def test_arping_ip6_na_cli(self):
-        """ arping ip6 neighbor advertisement CLI test """
+        """arping ip6 neighbor advertisement CLI test"""
         try:
             self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
             self.pg_start()
 
-            ping_cmd = ("arping gratuitous" + self.pg1.local_ip6 +
-                        "pg1 repeat 5 interval 0.1")
+            ping_cmd = (
+                "arping gratuitous" + self.pg1.local_ip6 + "pg1 repeat 5 interval 0.1"
+            )
             ret = self.vapi.cli(ping_cmd)
             self.logger.info(ret)
 
@@ -218,34 +226,36 @@ class TestArping(VppTestCase):
 
             out = self.pg1.get_capture(6)
             for p in out:
-                self.verify_arping_ip6_na(p, self.pg1.local_ip6,
-                                          self.pg1.local_ip6)
+                self.verify_arping_ip6_na(p, self.pg1.local_ip6, self.pg1.local_ip6)
         finally:
             self.vapi.cli("show error")
 
     def test_arping_ip6_na_api(self):
-        """ arping ip6 neighbor advertisement API test """
+        """arping ip6 neighbor advertisement API test"""
         try:
             self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
             self.pg_start()
 
-            ret = self.vapi.arping(address=self.pg1.local_ip6,
-                                   sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                   is_garp=1, repeat=5, interval=0.1)
+            ret = self.vapi.arping(
+                address=self.pg1.local_ip6,
+                sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+                is_garp=1,
+                repeat=5,
+                interval=0.1,
+            )
             self.logger.info(ret)
 
-            ret = self.vapi.arping(address=self.pg1.local_ip6,
-                                   sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                   is_garp=1)
+            ret = self.vapi.arping(
+                address=self.pg1.local_ip6, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_garp=1
+            )
             self.logger.info(ret)
 
             out = self.pg1.get_capture(6)
             for p in out:
-                self.verify_arping_ip6_na(p, self.pg1.local_ip6,
-                                          self.pg1.local_ip6)
+                self.verify_arping_ip6_na(p, self.pg1.local_ip6, self.pg1.local_ip6)
         finally:
             self.vapi.cli("show error")
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_bfd.py b/test/test_bfd.py
index d1c7b92d89d..c7ea79abfd0 100644
--- a/test/test_bfd.py
+++ b/test/test_bfd.py
@@ -21,8 +21,15 @@ from scapy.layers.l2 import Ether, GRE
 from scapy.packet import Raw
 
 from config import config
-from bfd import VppBFDAuthKey, BFD, BFDAuthType, VppBFDUDPSession, \
-    BFDDiagCode, BFDState, BFD_vpp_echo
+from bfd import (
+    VppBFDAuthKey,
+    BFD,
+    BFDAuthType,
+    VppBFDUDPSession,
+    BFDDiagCode,
+    BFDState,
+    BFD_vpp_echo,
+)
 from framework import tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 from framework import VppTestCase, VppTestRunner
 from framework import tag_run_solo
@@ -30,8 +37,7 @@ from util import ppp
 from vpp_ip import DpoProto
 from vpp_ip_route import VppIpRoute, VppRoutePath
 from vpp_lo_interface import VppLoInterface
-from vpp_papi_provider import UnexpectedApiReturnValueError, \
-    CliFailedCommandError
+from vpp_papi_provider import UnexpectedApiReturnValueError, CliFailedCommandError
 from vpp_pg_interface import CaptureTimeoutError, is_ipv6_misc
 from vpp_gre_interface import VppGreInterface
 from vpp_papi import VppEnum
@@ -46,15 +52,17 @@ class AuthKeyFactory(object):
         self._conf_key_ids = {}
 
     def create_random_key(self, test, auth_type=BFDAuthType.keyed_sha1):
-        """ create a random key with unique conf key id """
+        """create a random key with unique conf key id"""
         conf_key_id = randint(0, 0xFFFFFFFF)
         while conf_key_id in self._conf_key_ids:
             conf_key_id = randint(0, 0xFFFFFFFF)
         self._conf_key_ids[conf_key_id] = 1
         key = scapy.compat.raw(
-            bytearray([randint(0, 255) for _ in range(randint(1, 20))]))
-        return VppBFDAuthKey(test=test, auth_type=auth_type,
-                             conf_key_id=conf_key_id, key=key)
+            bytearray([randint(0, 255) for _ in range(randint(1, 20))])
+        )
+        return VppBFDAuthKey(
+            test=test, auth_type=auth_type, conf_key_id=conf_key_id, key=key
+        )
 
 
 class BFDAPITestCase(VppTestCase):
@@ -87,7 +95,7 @@ class BFDAPITestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.factory = AuthKeyFactory()
 
     def test_add_bfd(self):
-        """ create a BFD session """
+        """create a BFD session"""
         session = VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
         session.add_vpp_config()
         self.logger.debug("Session state is %s", session.state)
@@ -97,7 +105,7 @@ class BFDAPITestCase(VppTestCase):
         session.remove_vpp_config()
 
     def test_double_add(self):
-        """ create the same BFD session twice (negative case) """
+        """create the same BFD session twice (negative case)"""
         session = VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
         session.add_vpp_config()
 
@@ -107,9 +115,8 @@ class BFDAPITestCase(VppTestCase):
         session.remove_vpp_config()
 
     def test_add_bfd6(self):
-        """ create IPv6 BFD session """
-        session = VppBFDUDPSession(
-            self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip6, af=AF_INET6)
+        """create IPv6 BFD session"""
+        session = VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip6, af=AF_INET6)
         session.add_vpp_config()
         self.logger.debug("Session state is %s", session.state)
         session.remove_vpp_config()
@@ -118,65 +125,76 @@ class BFDAPITestCase(VppTestCase):
         session.remove_vpp_config()
 
     def test_mod_bfd(self):
-        """ modify BFD session parameters """
-        session = VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                   desired_min_tx=50000,
-                                   required_min_rx=10000,
-                                   detect_mult=1)
+        """modify BFD session parameters"""
+        session = VppBFDUDPSession(
+            self,
+            self.pg0,
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            desired_min_tx=50000,
+            required_min_rx=10000,
+            detect_mult=1,
+        )
         session.add_vpp_config()
         s = session.get_bfd_udp_session_dump_entry()
-        self.assert_equal(session.desired_min_tx,
-                          s.desired_min_tx,
-                          "desired min transmit interval")
-        self.assert_equal(session.required_min_rx,
-                          s.required_min_rx,
-                          "required min receive interval")
+        self.assert_equal(
+            session.desired_min_tx, s.desired_min_tx, "desired min transmit interval"
+        )
+        self.assert_equal(
+            session.required_min_rx, s.required_min_rx, "required min receive interval"
+        )
         self.assert_equal(session.detect_mult, s.detect_mult, "detect mult")
-        session.modify_parameters(desired_min_tx=session.desired_min_tx * 2,
-                                  required_min_rx=session.required_min_rx * 2,
-                                  detect_mult=session.detect_mult * 2)
+        session.modify_parameters(
+            desired_min_tx=session.desired_min_tx * 2,
+            required_min_rx=session.required_min_rx * 2,
+            detect_mult=session.detect_mult * 2,
+        )
         s = session.get_bfd_udp_session_dump_entry()
-        self.assert_equal(session.desired_min_tx,
-                          s.desired_min_tx,
-                          "desired min transmit interval")
-        self.assert_equal(session.required_min_rx,
-                          s.required_min_rx,
-                          "required min receive interval")
+        self.assert_equal(
+            session.desired_min_tx, s.desired_min_tx, "desired min transmit interval"
+        )
+        self.assert_equal(
+            session.required_min_rx, s.required_min_rx, "required min receive interval"
+        )
         self.assert_equal(session.detect_mult, s.detect_mult, "detect mult")
 
     def test_upd_bfd(self):
-        """ Create/Modify w/ Update BFD session parameters """
-        session = VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                   desired_min_tx=50000,
-                                   required_min_rx=10000,
-                                   detect_mult=1)
+        """Create/Modify w/ Update BFD session parameters"""
+        session = VppBFDUDPSession(
+            self,
+            self.pg0,
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            desired_min_tx=50000,
+            required_min_rx=10000,
+            detect_mult=1,
+        )
         session.upd_vpp_config()
         s = session.get_bfd_udp_session_dump_entry()
-        self.assert_equal(session.desired_min_tx,
-                          s.desired_min_tx,
-                          "desired min transmit interval")
-        self.assert_equal(session.required_min_rx,
-                          s.required_min_rx,
-                          "required min receive interval")
+        self.assert_equal(
+            session.desired_min_tx, s.desired_min_tx, "desired min transmit interval"
+        )
+        self.assert_equal(
+            session.required_min_rx, s.required_min_rx, "required min receive interval"
+        )
 
         self.assert_equal(session.detect_mult, s.detect_mult, "detect mult")
-        session.upd_vpp_config(desired_min_tx=session.desired_min_tx * 2,
-                               required_min_rx=session.required_min_rx * 2,
-                               detect_mult=session.detect_mult * 2)
+        session.upd_vpp_config(
+            desired_min_tx=session.desired_min_tx * 2,
+            required_min_rx=session.required_min_rx * 2,
+            detect_mult=session.detect_mult * 2,
+        )
         s = session.get_bfd_udp_session_dump_entry()
-        self.assert_equal(session.desired_min_tx,
-                          s.desired_min_tx,
-                          "desired min transmit interval")
-        self.assert_equal(session.required_min_rx,
-                          s.required_min_rx,
-                          "required min receive interval")
+        self.assert_equal(
+            session.desired_min_tx, s.desired_min_tx, "desired min transmit interval"
+        )
+        self.assert_equal(
+            session.required_min_rx, s.required_min_rx, "required min receive interval"
+        )
         self.assert_equal(session.detect_mult, s.detect_mult, "detect mult")
 
     def test_add_sha1_keys(self):
-        """ add SHA1 keys """
+        """add SHA1 keys"""
         key_count = 10
-        keys = [self.factory.create_random_key(
-            self) for i in range(0, key_count)]
+        keys = [self.factory.create_random_key(self) for i in range(0, key_count)]
         for key in keys:
             self.assertFalse(key.query_vpp_config())
         for key in keys:
@@ -211,11 +229,10 @@ class BFDAPITestCase(VppTestCase):
             self.assertFalse(key.query_vpp_config())
 
     def test_add_bfd_sha1(self):
-        """ create a BFD session (SHA1) """
+        """create a BFD session (SHA1)"""
         key = self.factory.create_random_key(self)
         key.add_vpp_config()
-        session = VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                   sha1_key=key)
+        session = VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4, sha1_key=key)
         session.add_vpp_config()
         self.logger.debug("Session state is %s", session.state)
         session.remove_vpp_config()
@@ -224,51 +241,56 @@ class BFDAPITestCase(VppTestCase):
         session.remove_vpp_config()
 
     def test_double_add_sha1(self):
-        """ create the same BFD session twice (negative case) (SHA1) """
+        """create the same BFD session twice (negative case) (SHA1)"""
         key = self.factory.create_random_key(self)
         key.add_vpp_config()
-        session = VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                   sha1_key=key)
+        session = VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4, sha1_key=key)
         session.add_vpp_config()
         with self.assertRaises(Exception):
             session.add_vpp_config()
 
     def test_add_auth_nonexistent_key(self):
-        """ create BFD session using non-existent SHA1 (negative case) """
+        """create BFD session using non-existent SHA1 (negative case)"""
         session = VppBFDUDPSession(
-            self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-            sha1_key=self.factory.create_random_key(self))
+            self,
+            self.pg0,
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            sha1_key=self.factory.create_random_key(self),
+        )
         with self.assertRaises(Exception):
             session.add_vpp_config()
 
     def test_shared_sha1_key(self):
-        """ single SHA1 key shared by multiple BFD sessions """
+        """single SHA1 key shared by multiple BFD sessions"""
         key = self.factory.create_random_key(self)
         key.add_vpp_config()
         sessions = [
-            VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                             sha1_key=key),
-            VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                             sha1_key=key, af=AF_INET6),
-            VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg1, self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                             sha1_key=key),
-            VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg1, self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                             sha1_key=key, af=AF_INET6)]
+            VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4, sha1_key=key),
+            VppBFDUDPSession(
+                self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip6, sha1_key=key, af=AF_INET6
+            ),
+            VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg1, self.pg1.remote_ip4, sha1_key=key),
+            VppBFDUDPSession(
+                self, self.pg1, self.pg1.remote_ip6, sha1_key=key, af=AF_INET6
+            ),
+        ]
         for s in sessions:
             s.add_vpp_config()
         removed = 0
         for s in sessions:
             e = key.get_bfd_auth_keys_dump_entry()
-            self.assert_equal(e.use_count, len(sessions) - removed,
-                              "Use count for shared key")
+            self.assert_equal(
+                e.use_count, len(sessions) - removed, "Use count for shared key"
+            )
             s.remove_vpp_config()
             removed += 1
         e = key.get_bfd_auth_keys_dump_entry()
-        self.assert_equal(e.use_count, len(sessions) - removed,
-                          "Use count for shared key")
+        self.assert_equal(
+            e.use_count, len(sessions) - removed, "Use count for shared key"
+        )
 
     def test_activate_auth(self):
-        """ activate SHA1 authentication """
+        """activate SHA1 authentication"""
         key = self.factory.create_random_key(self)
         key.add_vpp_config()
         session = VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
@@ -276,7 +298,7 @@ class BFDAPITestCase(VppTestCase):
         session.activate_auth(key)
 
     def test_deactivate_auth(self):
-        """ deactivate SHA1 authentication """
+        """deactivate SHA1 authentication"""
         key = self.factory.create_random_key(self)
         key.add_vpp_config()
         session = VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
@@ -285,20 +307,19 @@ class BFDAPITestCase(VppTestCase):
         session.deactivate_auth()
 
     def test_change_key(self):
-        """ change SHA1 key """
+        """change SHA1 key"""
         key1 = self.factory.create_random_key(self)
         key2 = self.factory.create_random_key(self)
         while key2.conf_key_id == key1.conf_key_id:
             key2 = self.factory.create_random_key(self)
         key1.add_vpp_config()
         key2.add_vpp_config()
-        session = VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                   sha1_key=key1)
+        session = VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4, sha1_key=key1)
         session.add_vpp_config()
         session.activate_auth(key2)
 
     def test_set_del_udp_echo_source(self):
-        """ set/del udp echo source """
+        """set/del udp echo source"""
         self.create_loopback_interfaces(1)
         self.loopback0 = self.lo_interfaces[0]
         self.loopback0.admin_up()
@@ -307,8 +328,7 @@ class BFDAPITestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.assertFalse(echo_source.have_usable_ip4)
         self.assertFalse(echo_source.have_usable_ip6)
 
-        self.vapi.bfd_udp_set_echo_source(
-            sw_if_index=self.loopback0.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.bfd_udp_set_echo_source(sw_if_index=self.loopback0.sw_if_index)
         echo_source = self.vapi.bfd_udp_get_echo_source()
         self.assertTrue(echo_source.is_set)
         self.assertEqual(echo_source.sw_if_index, self.loopback0.sw_if_index)
@@ -316,8 +336,9 @@ class BFDAPITestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.assertFalse(echo_source.have_usable_ip6)
 
         self.loopback0.config_ip4()
-        echo_ip4 = ipaddress.IPv4Address(int(ipaddress.IPv4Address(
-            self.loopback0.local_ip4)) ^ 1).packed
+        echo_ip4 = ipaddress.IPv4Address(
+            int(ipaddress.IPv4Address(self.loopback0.local_ip4)) ^ 1
+        ).packed
         echo_source = self.vapi.bfd_udp_get_echo_source()
         self.assertTrue(echo_source.is_set)
         self.assertEqual(echo_source.sw_if_index, self.loopback0.sw_if_index)
@@ -326,8 +347,9 @@ class BFDAPITestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.assertFalse(echo_source.have_usable_ip6)
 
         self.loopback0.config_ip6()
-        echo_ip6 = ipaddress.IPv6Address(int(ipaddress.IPv6Address(
-            self.loopback0.local_ip6)) ^ 1).packed
+        echo_ip6 = ipaddress.IPv6Address(
+            int(ipaddress.IPv6Address(self.loopback0.local_ip6)) ^ 1
+        ).packed
 
         echo_source = self.vapi.bfd_udp_get_echo_source()
         self.assertTrue(echo_source.is_set)
@@ -345,11 +367,20 @@ class BFDAPITestCase(VppTestCase):
 
 
 class BFDTestSession(object):
-    """ BFD session as seen from test framework side """
+    """BFD session as seen from test framework side"""
 
-    def __init__(self, test, interface, af, detect_mult=3, sha1_key=None,
-                 bfd_key_id=None, our_seq_number=None,
-                 tunnel_header=None, phy_interface=None):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        test,
+        interface,
+        af,
+        detect_mult=3,
+        sha1_key=None,
+        bfd_key_id=None,
+        our_seq_number=None,
+        tunnel_header=None,
+        phy_interface=None,
+    ):
         self.test = test
         self.af = af
         self.sha1_key = sha1_key
@@ -381,17 +412,25 @@ class BFDTestSession(object):
         self.rx_packets_echo = 0
 
     def inc_seq_num(self):
-        """ increment sequence number, wrapping if needed """
+        """increment sequence number, wrapping if needed"""
         if self.our_seq_number == 0xFFFFFFFF:
             self.our_seq_number = 0
         else:
             self.our_seq_number += 1
 
-    def update(self, my_discriminator=None, your_discriminator=None,
-               desired_min_tx=None, required_min_rx=None,
-               required_min_echo_rx=None, detect_mult=None,
-               diag=None, state=None, auth_type=None):
-        """ update BFD parameters associated with session """
+    def update(
+        self,
+        my_discriminator=None,
+        your_discriminator=None,
+        desired_min_tx=None,
+        required_min_rx=None,
+        required_min_echo_rx=None,
+        detect_mult=None,
+        diag=None,
+        state=None,
+        auth_type=None,
+    ):
+        """update BFD parameters associated with session"""
         if my_discriminator is not None:
             self.my_discriminator = my_discriminator
         if your_discriminator is not None:
@@ -412,34 +451,37 @@ class BFDTestSession(object):
             self.auth_type = auth_type
 
     def fill_packet_fields(self, packet):
-        """ set packet fields with known values in packet """
+        """set packet fields with known values in packet"""
         bfd = packet[BFD]
         if self.my_discriminator:
-            self.test.logger.debug("BFD: setting packet.my_discriminator=%s",
-                                   self.my_discriminator)
+            self.test.logger.debug(
+                "BFD: setting packet.my_discriminator=%s", self.my_discriminator
+            )
             bfd.my_discriminator = self.my_discriminator
         if self.your_discriminator:
-            self.test.logger.debug("BFD: setting packet.your_discriminator=%s",
-                                   self.your_discriminator)
+            self.test.logger.debug(
+                "BFD: setting packet.your_discriminator=%s", self.your_discriminator
+            )
             bfd.your_discriminator = self.your_discriminator
         if self.required_min_rx:
             self.test.logger.debug(
-                "BFD: setting packet.required_min_rx_interval=%s",
-                self.required_min_rx)
+                "BFD: setting packet.required_min_rx_interval=%s", self.required_min_rx
+            )
             bfd.required_min_rx_interval = self.required_min_rx
         if self.required_min_echo_rx:
             self.test.logger.debug(
-                "BFD: setting packet.required_min_echo_rx=%s",
-                self.required_min_echo_rx)
+                "BFD: setting packet.required_min_echo_rx=%s", self.required_min_echo_rx
+            )
             bfd.required_min_echo_rx_interval = self.required_min_echo_rx
         if self.desired_min_tx:
             self.test.logger.debug(
-                "BFD: setting packet.desired_min_tx_interval=%s",
-                self.desired_min_tx)
+                "BFD: setting packet.desired_min_tx_interval=%s", self.desired_min_tx
+            )
             bfd.desired_min_tx_interval = self.desired_min_tx
         if self.detect_mult:
             self.test.logger.debug(
-                "BFD: setting packet.detect_mult=%s", self.detect_mult)
+                "BFD: setting packet.detect_mult=%s", self.detect_mult
+            )
             bfd.detect_mult = self.detect_mult
         if self.diag:
             self.test.logger.debug("BFD: setting packet.diag=%s", self.diag)
@@ -449,12 +491,11 @@ class BFDTestSession(object):
             bfd.state = self.state
         if self.auth_type:
             # this is used by a negative test-case
-            self.test.logger.debug("BFD: setting packet.auth_type=%s",
-                                   self.auth_type)
+            self.test.logger.debug("BFD: setting packet.auth_type=%s", self.auth_type)
             bfd.auth_type = self.auth_type
 
     def create_packet(self):
-        """ create a BFD packet, reflecting the current state of session """
+        """create a BFD packet, reflecting the current state of session"""
         if self.sha1_key:
             bfd = BFD(flags="A")
             bfd.auth_type = self.sha1_key.auth_type
@@ -464,37 +505,48 @@ class BFDTestSession(object):
             bfd.length = BFD.sha1_auth_len + BFD.bfd_pkt_len
         else:
             bfd = BFD()
-        packet = Ether(src=self.phy_interface.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.phy_interface.local_mac)
+        packet = Ether(
+            src=self.phy_interface.remote_mac, dst=self.phy_interface.local_mac
+        )
         if self.tunnel_header:
             packet = packet / self.tunnel_header
         if self.af == AF_INET6:
-            packet = (packet /
-                      IPv6(src=self.interface.remote_ip6,
-                           dst=self.interface.local_ip6,
-                           hlim=255) /
-                      UDP(sport=self.udp_sport, dport=BFD.udp_dport) /
-                      bfd)
+            packet = (
+                packet
+                / IPv6(
+                    src=self.interface.remote_ip6,
+                    dst=self.interface.local_ip6,
+                    hlim=255,
+                )
+                / UDP(sport=self.udp_sport, dport=BFD.udp_dport)
+                / bfd
+            )
         else:
-            packet = (packet /
-                      IP(src=self.interface.remote_ip4,
-                         dst=self.interface.local_ip4,
-                         ttl=255) /
-                      UDP(sport=self.udp_sport, dport=BFD.udp_dport) /
-                      bfd)
+            packet = (
+                packet
+                / IP(
+                    src=self.interface.remote_ip4, dst=self.interface.local_ip4, ttl=255
+                )
+                / UDP(sport=self.udp_sport, dport=BFD.udp_dport)
+                / bfd
+            )
         self.test.logger.debug("BFD: Creating packet")
         self.fill_packet_fields(packet)
         if self.sha1_key:
-            hash_material = scapy.compat.raw(
-                packet[BFD])[:32] + self.sha1_key.key + \
-                b"\0" * (20 - len(self.sha1_key.key))
-            self.test.logger.debug("BFD: Calculated SHA1 hash: %s" %
-                                   hashlib.sha1(hash_material).hexdigest())
+            hash_material = (
+                scapy.compat.raw(packet[BFD])[:32]
+                + self.sha1_key.key
+                + b"\0" * (20 - len(self.sha1_key.key))
+            )
+            self.test.logger.debug(
+                "BFD: Calculated SHA1 hash: %s"
+                % hashlib.sha1(hash_material).hexdigest()
+            )
             packet[BFD].auth_key_hash = hashlib.sha1(hash_material).digest()
         return packet
 
     def send_packet(self, packet=None, interface=None):
-        """ send packet on interface, creating the packet if needed """
+        """send packet on interface, creating the packet if needed"""
         if packet is None:
             packet = self.create_packet()
         if interface is None:
@@ -505,82 +557,95 @@ class BFDTestSession(object):
         self.test.pg_start()
 
     def verify_sha1_auth(self, packet):
-        """ Verify correctness of authentication in BFD layer. """
+        """Verify correctness of authentication in BFD layer."""
         bfd = packet[BFD]
         self.test.assert_equal(bfd.auth_len, 28, "Auth section length")
-        self.test.assert_equal(bfd.auth_type, self.sha1_key.auth_type,
-                               BFDAuthType)
+        self.test.assert_equal(bfd.auth_type, self.sha1_key.auth_type, BFDAuthType)
         self.test.assert_equal(bfd.auth_key_id, self.bfd_key_id, "Key ID")
         self.test.assert_equal(bfd.auth_reserved, 0, "Reserved")
         if self.vpp_seq_number is None:
             self.vpp_seq_number = bfd.auth_seq_num
-            self.test.logger.debug("Received initial sequence number: %s" %
-                                   self.vpp_seq_number)
+            self.test.logger.debug(
+                "Received initial sequence number: %s" % self.vpp_seq_number
+            )
         else:
             recvd_seq_num = bfd.auth_seq_num
-            self.test.logger.debug("Received followup sequence number: %s" %
-                                   recvd_seq_num)
-            if self.vpp_seq_number < 0xffffffff:
-                if self.sha1_key.auth_type == \
-                        BFDAuthType.meticulous_keyed_sha1:
-                    self.test.assert_equal(recvd_seq_num,
-                                           self.vpp_seq_number + 1,
-                                           "BFD sequence number")
+            self.test.logger.debug(
+                "Received followup sequence number: %s" % recvd_seq_num
+            )
+            if self.vpp_seq_number < 0xFFFFFFFF:
+                if self.sha1_key.auth_type == BFDAuthType.meticulous_keyed_sha1:
+                    self.test.assert_equal(
+                        recvd_seq_num, self.vpp_seq_number + 1, "BFD sequence number"
+                    )
                 else:
-                    self.test.assert_in_range(recvd_seq_num,
-                                              self.vpp_seq_number,
-                                              self.vpp_seq_number + 1,
-                                              "BFD sequence number")
+                    self.test.assert_in_range(
+                        recvd_seq_num,
+                        self.vpp_seq_number,
+                        self.vpp_seq_number + 1,
+                        "BFD sequence number",
+                    )
             else:
-                if self.sha1_key.auth_type == \
-                        BFDAuthType.meticulous_keyed_sha1:
-                    self.test.assert_equal(recvd_seq_num, 0,
-                                           "BFD sequence number")
+                if self.sha1_key.auth_type == BFDAuthType.meticulous_keyed_sha1:
+                    self.test.assert_equal(recvd_seq_num, 0, "BFD sequence number")
                 else:
-                    self.test.assertIn(recvd_seq_num, (self.vpp_seq_number, 0),
-                                       "BFD sequence number not one of "
-                                       "(%s, 0)" % self.vpp_seq_number)
+                    self.test.assertIn(
+                        recvd_seq_num,
+                        (self.vpp_seq_number, 0),
+                        "BFD sequence number not one of "
+                        "(%s, 0)" % self.vpp_seq_number,
+                    )
             self.vpp_seq_number = recvd_seq_num
         # last 20 bytes represent the hash - so replace them with the key,
         # pad the result with zeros and hash the result
-        hash_material = bfd.original[:-20] + self.sha1_key.key + \
-            b"\0" * (20 - len(self.sha1_key.key))
+        hash_material = (
+            bfd.original[:-20]
+            + self.sha1_key.key
+            + b"\0" * (20 - len(self.sha1_key.key))
+        )
         expected_hash = hashlib.sha1(hash_material).hexdigest()
-        self.test.assert_equal(binascii.hexlify(bfd.auth_key_hash),
-                               expected_hash.encode(), "Auth key hash")
+        self.test.assert_equal(
+            binascii.hexlify(bfd.auth_key_hash), expected_hash.encode(), "Auth key hash"
+        )
 
     def verify_bfd(self, packet):
-        """ Verify correctness of BFD layer. """
+        """Verify correctness of BFD layer."""
         bfd = packet[BFD]
         self.test.assert_equal(bfd.version, 1, "BFD version")
-        self.test.assert_equal(bfd.your_discriminator,
-                               self.my_discriminator,
-                               "BFD - your discriminator")
+        self.test.assert_equal(
+            bfd.your_discriminator, self.my_discriminator, "BFD - your discriminator"
+        )
         if self.sha1_key:
             self.verify_sha1_auth(packet)
 
 
 def bfd_session_up(test):
-    """ Bring BFD session up """
+    """Bring BFD session up"""
     test.logger.info("BFD: Waiting for slow hello")
     p = wait_for_bfd_packet(test, 2, is_tunnel=test.vpp_session.is_tunnel)
     old_offset = None
-    if hasattr(test, 'vpp_clock_offset'):
+    if hasattr(test, "vpp_clock_offset"):
         old_offset = test.vpp_clock_offset
     test.vpp_clock_offset = time.time() - float(p.time)
-    test.logger.debug("BFD: Calculated vpp clock offset: %s",
-                      test.vpp_clock_offset)
+    test.logger.debug("BFD: Calculated vpp clock offset: %s", test.vpp_clock_offset)
     if old_offset:
         test.assertAlmostEqual(
-            old_offset, test.vpp_clock_offset, delta=0.5,
-            msg="vpp clock offset not stable (new: %s, old: %s)" %
-            (test.vpp_clock_offset, old_offset))
+            old_offset,
+            test.vpp_clock_offset,
+            delta=0.5,
+            msg="vpp clock offset not stable (new: %s, old: %s)"
+            % (test.vpp_clock_offset, old_offset),
+        )
     test.logger.info("BFD: Sending Init")
-    test.test_session.update(my_discriminator=randint(0, 40000000),
-                             your_discriminator=p[BFD].my_discriminator,
-                             state=BFDState.init)
-    if test.test_session.sha1_key and test.test_session.sha1_key.auth_type == \
-            BFDAuthType.meticulous_keyed_sha1:
+    test.test_session.update(
+        my_discriminator=randint(0, 40000000),
+        your_discriminator=p[BFD].my_discriminator,
+        state=BFDState.init,
+    )
+    if (
+        test.test_session.sha1_key
+        and test.test_session.sha1_key.auth_type == BFDAuthType.meticulous_keyed_sha1
+    ):
         test.test_session.inc_seq_num()
     test.test_session.send_packet()
     test.logger.info("BFD: Waiting for event")
@@ -588,19 +653,23 @@ def bfd_session_up(test):
     verify_event(test, e, expected_state=BFDState.up)
     test.logger.info("BFD: Session is Up")
     test.test_session.update(state=BFDState.up)
-    if test.test_session.sha1_key and test.test_session.sha1_key.auth_type == \
-            BFDAuthType.meticulous_keyed_sha1:
+    if (
+        test.test_session.sha1_key
+        and test.test_session.sha1_key.auth_type == BFDAuthType.meticulous_keyed_sha1
+    ):
         test.test_session.inc_seq_num()
     test.test_session.send_packet()
     test.assert_equal(test.vpp_session.state, BFDState.up, BFDState)
 
 
 def bfd_session_down(test):
-    """ Bring BFD session down """
+    """Bring BFD session down"""
     test.assert_equal(test.vpp_session.state, BFDState.up, BFDState)
     test.test_session.update(state=BFDState.down)
-    if test.test_session.sha1_key and test.test_session.sha1_key.auth_type == \
-            BFDAuthType.meticulous_keyed_sha1:
+    if (
+        test.test_session.sha1_key
+        and test.test_session.sha1_key.auth_type == BFDAuthType.meticulous_keyed_sha1
+    ):
         test.test_session.inc_seq_num()
     test.test_session.send_packet()
     test.logger.info("BFD: Waiting for event")
@@ -617,25 +686,25 @@ def verify_bfd_session_config(test, session, state=None):
     # are valid (in get_bfd_udp_session_dump_entry)
     if state:
         test.assert_equal(dump.state, state, "session state")
-    test.assert_equal(dump.required_min_rx, session.required_min_rx,
-                      "required min rx interval")
-    test.assert_equal(dump.desired_min_tx, session.desired_min_tx,
-                      "desired min tx interval")
-    test.assert_equal(dump.detect_mult, session.detect_mult,
-                      "detect multiplier")
+    test.assert_equal(
+        dump.required_min_rx, session.required_min_rx, "required min rx interval"
+    )
+    test.assert_equal(
+        dump.desired_min_tx, session.desired_min_tx, "desired min tx interval"
+    )
+    test.assert_equal(dump.detect_mult, session.detect_mult, "detect multiplier")
     if session.sha1_key is None:
         test.assert_equal(dump.is_authenticated, 0, "is_authenticated flag")
     else:
         test.assert_equal(dump.is_authenticated, 1, "is_authenticated flag")
-        test.assert_equal(dump.bfd_key_id, session.bfd_key_id,
-                          "bfd key id")
-        test.assert_equal(dump.conf_key_id,
-                          session.sha1_key.conf_key_id,
-                          "config key id")
+        test.assert_equal(dump.bfd_key_id, session.bfd_key_id, "bfd key id")
+        test.assert_equal(
+            dump.conf_key_id, session.sha1_key.conf_key_id, "config key id"
+        )
 
 
 def verify_ip(test, packet):
-    """ Verify correctness of IP layer. """
+    """Verify correctness of IP layer."""
     if test.vpp_session.af == AF_INET6:
         ip = packet[IPv6]
         local_ip = test.vpp_session.interface.local_ip6
@@ -651,30 +720,31 @@ def verify_ip(test, packet):
 
 
 def verify_udp(test, packet):
-    """ Verify correctness of UDP layer. """
+    """Verify correctness of UDP layer."""
     udp = packet[UDP]
     test.assert_equal(udp.dport, BFD.udp_dport, "UDP destination port")
-    test.assert_in_range(udp.sport, BFD.udp_sport_min, BFD.udp_sport_max,
-                         "UDP source port")
+    test.assert_in_range(
+        udp.sport, BFD.udp_sport_min, BFD.udp_sport_max, "UDP source port"
+    )
 
 
 def verify_event(test, event, expected_state):
-    """ Verify correctness of event values. """
+    """Verify correctness of event values."""
     e = event
     test.logger.debug("BFD: Event: %s" % reprlib.repr(e))
-    test.assert_equal(e.sw_if_index,
-                      test.vpp_session.interface.sw_if_index,
-                      "BFD interface index")
+    test.assert_equal(
+        e.sw_if_index, test.vpp_session.interface.sw_if_index, "BFD interface index"
+    )
 
-    test.assert_equal(str(e.local_addr), test.vpp_session.local_addr,
-                      "Local IPv6 address")
-    test.assert_equal(str(e.peer_addr), test.vpp_session.peer_addr,
-                      "Peer IPv6 address")
+    test.assert_equal(
+        str(e.local_addr), test.vpp_session.local_addr, "Local IPv6 address"
+    )
+    test.assert_equal(str(e.peer_addr), test.vpp_session.peer_addr, "Peer IPv6 address")
     test.assert_equal(e.state, expected_state, BFDState)
 
 
 def wait_for_bfd_packet(test, timeout=1, pcap_time_min=None, is_tunnel=False):
-    """ wait for BFD packet and verify its correctness
+    """wait for BFD packet and verify its correctness
 
     :param timeout: how long to wait
     :param pcap_time_min: ignore packets with pcap timestamp lower than this
@@ -695,9 +765,13 @@ def wait_for_bfd_packet(test, timeout=1, pcap_time_min=None, is_tunnel=False):
         test.test_session.rx_packets += 1
         test.logger.debug(ppp("BFD: Got packet:", p))
         if pcap_time_min is not None and p.time < pcap_time_min:
-            test.logger.debug(ppp("BFD: ignoring packet (pcap time %s < "
-                                  "pcap time min %s):" %
-                                  (p.time, pcap_time_min), p))
+            test.logger.debug(
+                ppp(
+                    "BFD: ignoring packet (pcap time %s < "
+                    "pcap time min %s):" % (p.time, pcap_time_min),
+                    p,
+                )
+            )
         else:
             break
     if is_tunnel:
@@ -722,15 +796,15 @@ def bfd_grab_stats_snapshot(test, bs_idx=0, thread_index=None):
     s = test.statistics
     ti = thread_index
     if ti is None:
-        rx = s['/bfd/rx-session-counters'][:, bs_idx].sum_packets()
-        rx_echo = s['/bfd/rx-session-echo-counters'][:, bs_idx].sum_packets()
-        tx = s['/bfd/tx-session-counters'][:, bs_idx].sum_packets()
-        tx_echo = s['/bfd/tx-session-echo-counters'][:, bs_idx].sum_packets()
+        rx = s["/bfd/rx-session-counters"][:, bs_idx].sum_packets()
+        rx_echo = s["/bfd/rx-session-echo-counters"][:, bs_idx].sum_packets()
+        tx = s["/bfd/tx-session-counters"][:, bs_idx].sum_packets()
+        tx_echo = s["/bfd/tx-session-echo-counters"][:, bs_idx].sum_packets()
     else:
-        rx = s['/bfd/rx-session-counters'][ti, bs_idx].sum_packets()
-        rx_echo = s['/bfd/rx-session-echo-counters'][ti, bs_idx].sum_packets()
-        tx = s['/bfd/tx-session-counters'][ti, bs_idx].sum_packets()
-        tx_echo = s['/bfd/tx-session-echo-counters'][ti, bs_idx].sum_packets()
+        rx = s["/bfd/rx-session-counters"][ti, bs_idx].sum_packets()
+        rx_echo = s["/bfd/rx-session-echo-counters"][ti, bs_idx].sum_packets()
+        tx = s["/bfd/tx-session-counters"][ti, bs_idx].sum_packets()
+        tx_echo = s["/bfd/tx-session-echo-counters"][ti, bs_idx].sum_packets()
     return BFDStats(rx, rx_echo, tx, tx_echo)
 
 
@@ -780,10 +854,9 @@ class BFD4TestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.vapi.want_bfd_events()
         self.pg0.enable_capture()
         try:
-            self.bfd_udp4_sessions = self.statistics['/bfd/udp4/sessions']
-            self.bfd_udp6_sessions = self.statistics['/bfd/udp6/sessions']
-            self.vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg0,
-                                                self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+            self.bfd_udp4_sessions = self.statistics["/bfd/udp4/sessions"]
+            self.bfd_udp6_sessions = self.statistics["/bfd/udp6/sessions"]
+            self.vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
             self.vpp_session.add_vpp_config()
             self.vpp_session.admin_up()
             self.test_session = BFDTestSession(self, self.pg0, AF_INET)
@@ -798,26 +871,29 @@ class BFD4TestCase(VppTestCase):
         super(BFD4TestCase, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_session_up(self):
-        """ bring BFD session up """
+        """bring BFD session up"""
         bfd_session_up(self)
-        bfd_udp4_sessions = self.statistics['/bfd/udp4/sessions']
-        bfd_udp6_sessions = self.statistics['/bfd/udp6/sessions']
+        bfd_udp4_sessions = self.statistics["/bfd/udp4/sessions"]
+        bfd_udp6_sessions = self.statistics["/bfd/udp6/sessions"]
         self.assert_equal(bfd_udp4_sessions - self.bfd_udp4_sessions, 1)
         self.assert_equal(bfd_udp6_sessions, self.bfd_udp6_sessions)
 
     def test_session_up_by_ip(self):
-        """ bring BFD session up - first frame looked up by address pair """
+        """bring BFD session up - first frame looked up by address pair"""
         self.logger.info("BFD: Sending Slow control frame")
         self.test_session.update(my_discriminator=randint(0, 40000000))
         self.test_session.send_packet()
         self.pg0.enable_capture()
         p = self.pg0.wait_for_packet(1)
-        self.assert_equal(p[BFD].your_discriminator,
-                          self.test_session.my_discriminator,
-                          "BFD - your discriminator")
+        self.assert_equal(
+            p[BFD].your_discriminator,
+            self.test_session.my_discriminator,
+            "BFD - your discriminator",
+        )
         self.assert_equal(p[BFD].state, BFDState.init, BFDState)
-        self.test_session.update(your_discriminator=p[BFD].my_discriminator,
-                                 state=BFDState.up)
+        self.test_session.update(
+            your_discriminator=p[BFD].my_discriminator, state=BFDState.up
+        )
         self.logger.info("BFD: Waiting for event")
         e = self.vapi.wait_for_event(1, "bfd_udp_session_event")
         verify_event(self, e, expected_state=BFDState.init)
@@ -832,21 +908,20 @@ class BFD4TestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.assert_equal(self.vpp_session.state, BFDState.up, BFDState)
 
     def test_session_down(self):
-        """ bring BFD session down """
+        """bring BFD session down"""
         bfd_session_up(self)
         bfd_session_down(self)
 
     def test_hold_up(self):
-        """ hold BFD session up """
+        """hold BFD session up"""
         bfd_session_up(self)
         for dummy in range(self.test_session.detect_mult * 2):
             wait_for_bfd_packet(self)
             self.test_session.send_packet()
-        self.assert_equal(len(self.vapi.collect_events()), 0,
-                          "number of bfd events")
+        self.assert_equal(len(self.vapi.collect_events()), 0, "number of bfd events")
 
     def test_slow_timer(self):
-        """ verify slow periodic control frames while session down """
+        """verify slow periodic control frames while session down"""
         packet_count = 3
         self.logger.info("BFD: Waiting for %d BFD packets", packet_count)
         prev_packet = wait_for_bfd_packet(self, 2)
@@ -855,55 +930,60 @@ class BFD4TestCase(VppTestCase):
             time_diff = next_packet.time - prev_packet.time
             # spec says the range should be <0.75, 1>, allow extra 0.05 margin
             # to work around timing issues
-            self.assert_in_range(
-                time_diff, 0.70, 1.05, "time between slow packets")
+            self.assert_in_range(time_diff, 0.70, 1.05, "time between slow packets")
             prev_packet = next_packet
 
     def test_zero_remote_min_rx(self):
-        """ no packets when zero remote required min rx interval """
+        """no packets when zero remote required min rx interval"""
         bfd_session_up(self)
         self.test_session.update(required_min_rx=0)
         self.test_session.send_packet()
         for dummy in range(self.test_session.detect_mult):
-            self.sleep(self.vpp_session.required_min_rx / USEC_IN_SEC,
-                       "sleep before transmitting bfd packet")
+            self.sleep(
+                self.vpp_session.required_min_rx / USEC_IN_SEC,
+                "sleep before transmitting bfd packet",
+            )
             self.test_session.send_packet()
             try:
                 p = wait_for_bfd_packet(self, timeout=0)
                 self.logger.error(ppp("Received unexpected packet:", p))
             except CaptureTimeoutError:
                 pass
-        self.assert_equal(
-            len(self.vapi.collect_events()), 0, "number of bfd events")
+        self.assert_equal(len(self.vapi.collect_events()), 0, "number of bfd events")
         self.test_session.update(required_min_rx=300000)
         for dummy in range(3):
             self.test_session.send_packet()
             wait_for_bfd_packet(
-                self, timeout=self.test_session.required_min_rx / USEC_IN_SEC)
-        self.assert_equal(
-            len(self.vapi.collect_events()), 0, "number of bfd events")
+                self, timeout=self.test_session.required_min_rx / USEC_IN_SEC
+            )
+        self.assert_equal(len(self.vapi.collect_events()), 0, "number of bfd events")
 
     def test_conn_down(self):
-        """ verify session goes down after inactivity """
+        """verify session goes down after inactivity"""
         bfd_session_up(self)
-        detection_time = self.test_session.detect_mult *\
-            self.vpp_session.required_min_rx / USEC_IN_SEC
+        detection_time = (
+            self.test_session.detect_mult
+            * self.vpp_session.required_min_rx
+            / USEC_IN_SEC
+        )
         self.sleep(detection_time, "waiting for BFD session time-out")
         e = self.vapi.wait_for_event(1, "bfd_udp_session_event")
         verify_event(self, e, expected_state=BFDState.down)
 
     def test_peer_discr_reset_sess_down(self):
-        """ peer discriminator reset after session goes down """
+        """peer discriminator reset after session goes down"""
         bfd_session_up(self)
-        detection_time = self.test_session.detect_mult *\
-            self.vpp_session.required_min_rx / USEC_IN_SEC
+        detection_time = (
+            self.test_session.detect_mult
+            * self.vpp_session.required_min_rx
+            / USEC_IN_SEC
+        )
         self.sleep(detection_time, "waiting for BFD session time-out")
         self.test_session.my_discriminator = 0
-        wait_for_bfd_packet(self,
-                            pcap_time_min=time.time() - self.vpp_clock_offset)
+        wait_for_bfd_packet(self, pcap_time_min=time.time() - self.vpp_clock_offset)
 
     def test_large_required_min_rx(self):
-        """ large remote required min rx interval """
+        """large remote required min rx interval"""
         bfd_session_up(self)
         p = wait_for_bfd_packet(self)
         interval = 3000000
@@ -932,14 +1012,14 @@ class BFD4TestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.assert_equal(count, 0, "number of packets received")
 
     def test_immediate_remote_min_rx_reduction(self):
-        """ immediately honor remote required min rx reduction """
+        """immediately honor remote required min rx reduction"""
         self.vpp_session.remove_vpp_config()
         self.vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(
-            self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4, desired_min_tx=10000)
+            self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4, desired_min_tx=10000
+        )
         self.pg0.enable_capture()
         self.vpp_session.add_vpp_config()
-        self.test_session.update(desired_min_tx=1000000,
-                                 required_min_rx=1000000)
+        self.test_session.update(desired_min_tx=1000000, required_min_rx=1000000)
         bfd_session_up(self)
         reference_packet = wait_for_bfd_packet(self)
         time_mark = time.time()
@@ -950,131 +1030,143 @@ class BFD4TestCase(VppTestCase):
         p = wait_for_bfd_packet(self)
         # first packet is allowed to be late by time we spent doing the update
         # calculated in extra_time
-        self.assert_in_range(p.time - reference_packet.time,
-                             .95 * 0.75 * interval / USEC_IN_SEC,
-                             1.05 * interval / USEC_IN_SEC + extra_time,
-                             "time between BFD packets")
+        self.assert_in_range(
+            p.time - reference_packet.time,
+            0.95 * 0.75 * interval / USEC_IN_SEC,
+            1.05 * interval / USEC_IN_SEC + extra_time,
+            "time between BFD packets",
+        )
         reference_packet = p
         for dummy in range(3):
             p = wait_for_bfd_packet(self)
             diff = p.time - reference_packet.time
-            self.assert_in_range(diff, .95 * .75 * interval / USEC_IN_SEC,
-                                 1.05 * interval / USEC_IN_SEC,
-                                 "time between BFD packets")
+            self.assert_in_range(
+                diff,
+                0.95 * 0.75 * interval / USEC_IN_SEC,
+                1.05 * interval / USEC_IN_SEC,
+                "time between BFD packets",
+            )
             reference_packet = p
 
     def test_modify_req_min_rx_double(self):
-        """ modify session - double required min rx """
+        """modify session - double required min rx"""
         bfd_session_up(self)
         p = wait_for_bfd_packet(self)
-        self.test_session.update(desired_min_tx=10000,
-                                 required_min_rx=10000)
+        self.test_session.update(desired_min_tx=10000, required_min_rx=10000)
         self.test_session.send_packet()
         # double required min rx
         self.vpp_session.modify_parameters(
-            required_min_rx=2 * self.vpp_session.required_min_rx)
-        p = wait_for_bfd_packet(
-            self, pcap_time_min=time.time() - self.vpp_clock_offset)
+            required_min_rx=2 * self.vpp_session.required_min_rx
+        )
+        p = wait_for_bfd_packet(self, pcap_time_min=time.time() - self.vpp_clock_offset)
         # poll bit needs to be set
-        self.assertIn("P", p.sprintf("%BFD.flags%"),
-                      "Poll bit not set in BFD packet")
+        self.assertIn("P", p.sprintf("%BFD.flags%"), "Poll bit not set in BFD packet")
         # finish poll sequence with final packet
         final = self.test_session.create_packet()
         final[BFD].flags = "F"
-        timeout = self.test_session.detect_mult * \
-            max(self.test_session.desired_min_tx,
-                self.vpp_session.required_min_rx) / USEC_IN_SEC
+        timeout = (
+            self.test_session.detect_mult
+            * max(self.test_session.desired_min_tx, self.vpp_session.required_min_rx)
+            / USEC_IN_SEC
+        )
         self.test_session.send_packet(final)
         time_mark = time.time()
         e = self.vapi.wait_for_event(2 * timeout, "bfd_udp_session_event")
         verify_event(self, e, expected_state=BFDState.down)
         time_to_event = time.time() - time_mark
-        self.assert_in_range(time_to_event, .9 * timeout,
-                             1.1 * timeout, "session timeout")
+        self.assert_in_range(
+            time_to_event, 0.9 * timeout, 1.1 * timeout, "session timeout"
+        )
 
     def test_modify_req_min_rx_halve(self):
-        """ modify session - halve required min rx """
+        """modify session - halve required min rx"""
         self.vpp_session.modify_parameters(
-            required_min_rx=2 * self.vpp_session.required_min_rx)
+            required_min_rx=2 * self.vpp_session.required_min_rx
+        )
         bfd_session_up(self)
         p = wait_for_bfd_packet(self)
-        self.test_session.update(desired_min_tx=10000,
-                                 required_min_rx=10000)
+        self.test_session.update(desired_min_tx=10000, required_min_rx=10000)
         self.test_session.send_packet()
-        p = wait_for_bfd_packet(
-            self, pcap_time_min=time.time() - self.vpp_clock_offset)
+        p = wait_for_bfd_packet(self, pcap_time_min=time.time() - self.vpp_clock_offset)
         # halve required min rx
         old_required_min_rx = self.vpp_session.required_min_rx
         self.vpp_session.modify_parameters(
-            required_min_rx=self.vpp_session.required_min_rx // 2)
+            required_min_rx=self.vpp_session.required_min_rx // 2
+        )
         # now we wait 0.8*3*old-req-min-rx and the session should still be up
-        self.sleep(0.8 * self.vpp_session.detect_mult *
-                   old_required_min_rx / USEC_IN_SEC,
-                   "wait before finishing poll sequence")
-        self.assert_equal(len(self.vapi.collect_events()), 0,
-                          "number of bfd events")
+        self.sleep(
+            0.8 * self.vpp_session.detect_mult * old_required_min_rx / USEC_IN_SEC,
+            "wait before finishing poll sequence",
+        )
+        self.assert_equal(len(self.vapi.collect_events()), 0, "number of bfd events")
         p = wait_for_bfd_packet(self)
         # poll bit needs to be set
-        self.assertIn("P", p.sprintf("%BFD.flags%"),
-                      "Poll bit not set in BFD packet")
+        self.assertIn("P", p.sprintf("%BFD.flags%"), "Poll bit not set in BFD packet")
         # finish poll sequence with final packet
         final = self.test_session.create_packet()
         final[BFD].flags = "F"
         self.test_session.send_packet(final)
         # now the session should time out under new conditions
-        detection_time = self.test_session.detect_mult *\
-            self.vpp_session.required_min_rx / USEC_IN_SEC
+        detection_time = (
+            self.test_session.detect_mult
+            * self.vpp_session.required_min_rx
+            / USEC_IN_SEC
+        )
         before = time.time()
-        e = self.vapi.wait_for_event(
-            2 * detection_time, "bfd_udp_session_event")
+        e = self.vapi.wait_for_event(2 * detection_time, "bfd_udp_session_event")
         after = time.time()
-        self.assert_in_range(after - before,
-                             0.9 * detection_time,
-                             1.1 * detection_time,
-                             "time before bfd session goes down")
+        self.assert_in_range(
+            after - before,
+            0.9 * detection_time,
+            1.1 * detection_time,
+            "time before bfd session goes down",
+        )
         verify_event(self, e, expected_state=BFDState.down)
 
     def test_modify_detect_mult(self):
-        """ modify detect multiplier """
+        """modify detect multiplier"""
         bfd_session_up(self)
         p = wait_for_bfd_packet(self)
         self.vpp_session.modify_parameters(detect_mult=1)
-        p = wait_for_bfd_packet(
-            self, pcap_time_min=time.time() - self.vpp_clock_offset)
-        self.assert_equal(self.vpp_session.detect_mult,
-                          p[BFD].detect_mult,
-                          "detect mult")
+        p = wait_for_bfd_packet(self, pcap_time_min=time.time() - self.vpp_clock_offset)
+        self.assert_equal(
+            self.vpp_session.detect_mult, p[BFD].detect_mult, "detect mult"
+        )
         # poll bit must not be set
-        self.assertNotIn("P", p.sprintf("%BFD.flags%"),
-                         "Poll bit not set in BFD packet")
+        self.assertNotIn(
+            "P", p.sprintf("%BFD.flags%"), "Poll bit not set in BFD packet"
+        )
         self.vpp_session.modify_parameters(detect_mult=10)
-        p = wait_for_bfd_packet(
-            self, pcap_time_min=time.time() - self.vpp_clock_offset)
-        self.assert_equal(self.vpp_session.detect_mult,
-                          p[BFD].detect_mult,
-                          "detect mult")
+        p = wait_for_bfd_packet(self, pcap_time_min=time.time() - self.vpp_clock_offset)
+        self.assert_equal(
+            self.vpp_session.detect_mult, p[BFD].detect_mult, "detect mult"
+        )
         # poll bit must not be set
-        self.assertNotIn("P", p.sprintf("%BFD.flags%"),
-                         "Poll bit not set in BFD packet")
+        self.assertNotIn(
+            "P", p.sprintf("%BFD.flags%"), "Poll bit not set in BFD packet"
+        )
 
     def test_queued_poll(self):
-        """ test poll sequence queueing """
+        """test poll sequence queueing"""
         bfd_session_up(self)
         p = wait_for_bfd_packet(self)
         self.vpp_session.modify_parameters(
-            required_min_rx=2 * self.vpp_session.required_min_rx)
+            required_min_rx=2 * self.vpp_session.required_min_rx
+        )
         p = wait_for_bfd_packet(self)
         poll_sequence_start = time.time()
         poll_sequence_length_min = 0.5
         send_final_after = time.time() + poll_sequence_length_min
         # poll bit needs to be set
-        self.assertIn("P", p.sprintf("%BFD.flags%"),
-                      "Poll bit not set in BFD packet")
-        self.assert_equal(p[BFD].required_min_rx_interval,
-                          self.vpp_session.required_min_rx,
-                          "BFD required min rx interval")
+        self.assertIn("P", p.sprintf("%BFD.flags%"), "Poll bit not set in BFD packet")
+        self.assert_equal(
+            p[BFD].required_min_rx_interval,
+            self.vpp_session.required_min_rx,
+            "BFD required min rx interval",
+        )
         self.vpp_session.modify_parameters(
-            required_min_rx=2 * self.vpp_session.required_min_rx)
+            required_min_rx=2 * self.vpp_session.required_min_rx
+        )
         # 2nd poll sequence should be queued now
         # don't send the reply back yet, wait for some time to emulate
         # longer round-trip time
@@ -1082,15 +1174,19 @@ class BFD4TestCase(VppTestCase):
         while time.time() < send_final_after:
             self.test_session.send_packet()
             p = wait_for_bfd_packet(self)
-            self.assert_equal(len(self.vapi.collect_events()), 0,
-                              "number of bfd events")
-            self.assert_equal(p[BFD].required_min_rx_interval,
-                              self.vpp_session.required_min_rx,
-                              "BFD required min rx interval")
+            self.assert_equal(
+                len(self.vapi.collect_events()), 0, "number of bfd events"
+            )
+            self.assert_equal(
+                p[BFD].required_min_rx_interval,
+                self.vpp_session.required_min_rx,
+                "BFD required min rx interval",
+            )
             packet_count += 1
             # poll bit must be set
-            self.assertIn("P", p.sprintf("%BFD.flags%"),
-                          "Poll bit not set in BFD packet")
+            self.assertIn(
+                "P", p.sprintf("%BFD.flags%"), "Poll bit not set in BFD packet"
+            )
         final = self.test_session.create_packet()
         final[BFD].flags = "F"
         self.test_session.send_packet(final)
@@ -1100,8 +1196,9 @@ class BFD4TestCase(VppTestCase):
         poll_no_2_started = False
         for dummy in range(2 * packet_count):
             p = wait_for_bfd_packet(self)
-            self.assert_equal(len(self.vapi.collect_events()), 0,
-                              "number of bfd events")
+            self.assert_equal(
+                len(self.vapi.collect_events()), 0, "number of bfd events"
+            )
             if "P" in p.sprintf("%BFD.flags%"):
                 poll_no_2_started = True
                 if time.time() < poll_sequence_start + poll_sequence_length:
@@ -1119,31 +1216,32 @@ class BFD4TestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.test_session.send_packet(final)
         p = wait_for_bfd_packet(self)
         # poll bit must not be set
-        self.assertNotIn("P", p.sprintf("%BFD.flags%"),
-                         "Poll bit set in BFD packet")
+        self.assertNotIn("P", p.sprintf("%BFD.flags%"), "Poll bit set in BFD packet")
 
     # returning inconsistent results requiring retries in per-patch tests
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
     def test_poll_response(self):
-        """ test correct response to control frame with poll bit set """
+        """test correct response to control frame with poll bit set"""
         bfd_session_up(self)
         poll = self.test_session.create_packet()
         poll[BFD].flags = "P"
         self.test_session.send_packet(poll)
         final = wait_for_bfd_packet(
-            self, pcap_time_min=time.time() - self.vpp_clock_offset)
+            self, pcap_time_min=time.time() - self.vpp_clock_offset
+        )
         self.assertIn("F", final.sprintf("%BFD.flags%"))
 
     def test_no_periodic_if_remote_demand(self):
-        """ no periodic frames outside poll sequence if remote demand set """
+        """no periodic frames outside poll sequence if remote demand set"""
         bfd_session_up(self)
         demand = self.test_session.create_packet()
         demand[BFD].flags = "D"
         self.test_session.send_packet(demand)
-        transmit_time = 0.9 \
-            * max(self.vpp_session.required_min_rx,
-                  self.test_session.desired_min_tx) \
+        transmit_time = (
+            0.9
+            * max(self.vpp_session.required_min_rx, self.test_session.desired_min_tx)
             / USEC_IN_SEC
+        )
         count = 0
         for dummy in range(self.test_session.detect_mult * 2):
             self.sleep(transmit_time)
@@ -1161,7 +1259,7 @@ class BFD4TestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.assert_equal(len(events), 0, "number of events received")
 
     def test_echo_looped_back(self):
-        """ echo packets looped back """
+        """echo packets looped back"""
         bfd_session_up(self)
         stats_before = bfd_grab_stats_snapshot(self)
         self.pg0.enable_capture()
@@ -1169,14 +1267,14 @@ class BFD4TestCase(VppTestCase):
         # random source port low enough to increment a few times..
         udp_sport_tx = randint(1, 50000)
         udp_sport_rx = udp_sport_tx
-        echo_packet = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                             dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                       IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                          dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4) /
-                       UDP(dport=BFD.udp_dport_echo) /
-                       Raw("this should be looped back"))
+        echo_packet = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+            / UDP(dport=BFD.udp_dport_echo)
+            / Raw("this should be looped back")
+        )
         for dummy in range(echo_packet_count):
-            self.sleep(.01, "delay between echo packets")
+            self.sleep(0.01, "delay between echo packets")
             echo_packet[UDP].sport = udp_sport_tx
             udp_sport_tx += 1
             self.logger.debug(ppp("Sending packet:", echo_packet))
@@ -1189,8 +1287,7 @@ class BFD4TestCase(VppTestCase):
             p = self.pg0.wait_for_packet(1)
             self.logger.debug(ppp("Got packet:", p))
             ether = p[Ether]
-            self.assert_equal(self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                              ether.dst, "Destination MAC")
+            self.assert_equal(self.pg0.remote_mac, ether.dst, "Destination MAC")
             self.assert_equal(self.pg0.local_mac, ether.src, "Source MAC")
             ip = p[IP]
             self.assert_equal(self.pg0.remote_ip4, ip.dst, "Destination IP")
@@ -1199,50 +1296,57 @@ class BFD4TestCase(VppTestCase):
                 bfd_control_packets_rx += 1
                 continue
             self.assert_equal(self.pg0.remote_ip4, ip.src, "Source IP")
-            self.assert_equal(udp.dport, BFD.udp_dport_echo,
-                              "UDP destination port")
+            self.assert_equal(udp.dport, BFD.udp_dport_echo, "UDP destination port")
             self.assert_equal(udp.sport, udp_sport_rx, "UDP source port")
             udp_sport_rx += 1
             # need to compare the hex payload here, otherwise BFD_vpp_echo
             # gets in way
-            self.assertEqual(scapy.compat.raw(p[UDP].payload),
-                             scapy.compat.raw(echo_packet[UDP].payload),
-                             "Received packet is not the echo packet sent")
+            self.assertEqual(
+                scapy.compat.raw(p[UDP].payload),
+                scapy.compat.raw(echo_packet[UDP].payload),
+                "Received packet is not the echo packet sent",
+            )
             counter += 1
-        self.assert_equal(udp_sport_tx, udp_sport_rx, "UDP source port (== "
-                          "ECHO packet identifier for test purposes)")
+        self.assert_equal(
+            udp_sport_tx,
+            udp_sport_rx,
+            "UDP source port (== ECHO packet identifier for test purposes)",
+        )
         stats_after = bfd_grab_stats_snapshot(self)
         diff = bfd_stats_diff(stats_before, stats_after)
+        self.assertEqual(0, diff.rx, "RX counter bumped but no BFD packets sent")
+        self.assertEqual(bfd_control_packets_rx, diff.tx, "TX counter incorrect")
         self.assertEqual(
-            0, diff.rx, "RX counter bumped but no BFD packets sent")
+            0, diff.rx_echo, "RX echo counter bumped but no BFD session exists"
+        )
         self.assertEqual(
-            bfd_control_packets_rx, diff.tx, "TX counter incorrect")
-        self.assertEqual(0, diff.rx_echo,
-                         "RX echo counter bumped but no BFD session exists")
-        self.assertEqual(0, diff.tx_echo,
-                         "TX echo counter bumped but no BFD session exists")
+            0, diff.tx_echo, "TX echo counter bumped but no BFD session exists"
+        )
 
     def test_echo(self):
-        """ echo function """
+        """echo function"""
         stats_before = bfd_grab_stats_snapshot(self)
         bfd_session_up(self)
         self.test_session.update(required_min_echo_rx=150000)
         self.test_session.send_packet()
-        detection_time = self.test_session.detect_mult *\
-            self.vpp_session.required_min_rx / USEC_IN_SEC
+        detection_time = (
+            self.test_session.detect_mult
+            * self.vpp_session.required_min_rx
+            / USEC_IN_SEC
+        )
         # echo shouldn't work without echo source set
         for dummy in range(10):
             sleep = self.vpp_session.required_min_rx / USEC_IN_SEC
             self.sleep(sleep, "delay before sending bfd packet")
             self.test_session.send_packet()
-        p = wait_for_bfd_packet(
-            self, pcap_time_min=time.time() - self.vpp_clock_offset)
-        self.assert_equal(p[BFD].required_min_rx_interval,
-                          self.vpp_session.required_min_rx,
-                          "BFD required min rx interval")
+        p = wait_for_bfd_packet(self, pcap_time_min=time.time() - self.vpp_clock_offset)
+        self.assert_equal(
+            p[BFD].required_min_rx_interval,
+            self.vpp_session.required_min_rx,
+            "BFD required min rx interval",
+        )
         self.test_session.send_packet()
-        self.vapi.bfd_udp_set_echo_source(
-            sw_if_index=self.loopback0.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.bfd_udp_set_echo_source(sw_if_index=self.loopback0.sw_if_index)
         echo_seen = False
         # should be turned on - loopback echo packets
         for dummy in range(3):
@@ -1251,13 +1355,18 @@ class BFD4TestCase(VppTestCase):
                 p = self.pg0.wait_for_packet(1)
                 self.logger.debug(ppp("Got packet:", p))
                 if p[UDP].dport == BFD.udp_dport_echo:
-                    self.assert_equal(
-                        p[IP].dst, self.pg0.local_ip4, "BFD ECHO dst IP")
-                    self.assertNotEqual(p[IP].src, self.loopback0.local_ip4,
-                                        "BFD ECHO src IP equal to loopback IP")
+                    self.assert_equal(p[IP].dst, self.pg0.local_ip4, "BFD ECHO dst IP")
+                    self.assertNotEqual(
+                        p[IP].src,
+                        self.loopback0.local_ip4,
+                        "BFD ECHO src IP equal to loopback IP",
+                    )
                     self.logger.debug(ppp("Looping back packet:", p))
-                    self.assert_equal(p[Ether].dst, self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                      "ECHO packet destination MAC address")
+                    self.assert_equal(
+                        p[Ether].dst,
+                        self.pg0.remote_mac,
+                        "ECHO packet destination MAC address",
+                    )
                     p[Ether].dst = self.pg0.local_mac
                     self.pg0.add_stream(p)
                     self.test_session.rx_packets_echo += 1
@@ -1268,8 +1377,8 @@ class BFD4TestCase(VppTestCase):
                     self.test_session.rx_packets += 1
                     if echo_seen:
                         self.assertGreaterEqual(
-                            p[BFD].required_min_rx_interval,
-                            1000000)
+                            p[BFD].required_min_rx_interval, 1000000
+                        )
                     if "P" in p.sprintf("%BFD.flags%"):
                         final = self.test_session.create_packet()
                         final[BFD].flags = "F"
@@ -1277,34 +1386,45 @@ class BFD4TestCase(VppTestCase):
                 else:
                     raise Exception(ppp("Received unknown packet:", p))
 
-                self.assert_equal(len(self.vapi.collect_events()), 0,
-                                  "number of bfd events")
+                self.assert_equal(
+                    len(self.vapi.collect_events()), 0, "number of bfd events"
+                )
             self.test_session.send_packet()
         self.assertTrue(echo_seen, "No echo packets received")
 
         stats_after = bfd_grab_stats_snapshot(self)
         diff = bfd_stats_diff(stats_before, stats_after)
         # our rx is vpp tx and vice versa, also tolerate one packet off
-        self.assert_in_range(self.test_session.tx_packets,
-                             diff.rx - 1, diff.rx + 1, "RX counter")
-        self.assert_in_range(self.test_session.rx_packets,
-                             diff.tx - 1, diff.tx + 1, "TX counter")
-        self.assert_in_range(self.test_session.tx_packets_echo,
-                             diff.rx_echo - 1, diff.rx_echo + 1,
-                             "RX echo counter")
-        self.assert_in_range(self.test_session.rx_packets_echo,
-                             diff.tx_echo - 1, diff.tx_echo + 1,
-                             "TX echo counter")
+        self.assert_in_range(
+            self.test_session.tx_packets, diff.rx - 1, diff.rx + 1, "RX counter"
+        )
+        self.assert_in_range(
+            self.test_session.rx_packets, diff.tx - 1, diff.tx + 1, "TX counter"
+        )
+        self.assert_in_range(
+            self.test_session.tx_packets_echo,
+            diff.rx_echo - 1,
+            diff.rx_echo + 1,
+            "RX echo counter",
+        )
+        self.assert_in_range(
+            self.test_session.rx_packets_echo,
+            diff.tx_echo - 1,
+            diff.tx_echo + 1,
+            "TX echo counter",
+        )
 
     def test_echo_fail(self):
-        """ session goes down if echo function fails """
+        """session goes down if echo function fails"""
         bfd_session_up(self)
         self.test_session.update(required_min_echo_rx=150000)
         self.test_session.send_packet()
-        detection_time = self.test_session.detect_mult *\
-            self.vpp_session.required_min_rx / USEC_IN_SEC
-        self.vapi.bfd_udp_set_echo_source(
-            sw_if_index=self.loopback0.sw_if_index)
+        detection_time = (
+            self.test_session.detect_mult
+            * self.vpp_session.required_min_rx
+            / USEC_IN_SEC
+        )
+        self.vapi.bfd_udp_set_echo_source(sw_if_index=self.loopback0.sw_if_index)
         # echo function should be used now, but we will drop the echo packets
         verified_diag = False
         for dummy in range(3):
@@ -1318,15 +1438,15 @@ class BFD4TestCase(VppTestCase):
                 elif p.haslayer(BFD):
                     if "P" in p.sprintf("%BFD.flags%"):
                         self.assertGreaterEqual(
-                            p[BFD].required_min_rx_interval,
-                            1000000)
+                            p[BFD].required_min_rx_interval, 1000000
+                        )
                         final = self.test_session.create_packet()
                         final[BFD].flags = "F"
                         self.test_session.send_packet(final)
                     if p[BFD].state == BFDState.down:
-                        self.assert_equal(p[BFD].diag,
-                                          BFDDiagCode.echo_function_failed,
-                                          BFDDiagCode)
+                        self.assert_equal(
+                            p[BFD].diag, BFDDiagCode.echo_function_failed, BFDDiagCode
+                        )
                         verified_diag = True
                 else:
                     raise Exception(ppp("Received unknown packet:", p))
@@ -1337,12 +1457,11 @@ class BFD4TestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.assertTrue(verified_diag, "Incorrect diagnostics code received")
 
     def test_echo_stop(self):
-        """ echo function stops if peer sets required min echo rx zero """
+        """echo function stops if peer sets required min echo rx zero"""
         bfd_session_up(self)
         self.test_session.update(required_min_echo_rx=150000)
         self.test_session.send_packet()
-        self.vapi.bfd_udp_set_echo_source(
-            sw_if_index=self.loopback0.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.bfd_udp_set_echo_source(sw_if_index=self.loopback0.sw_if_index)
         # wait for first echo packet
         while True:
             p = self.pg0.wait_for_packet(1)
@@ -1362,19 +1481,17 @@ class BFD4TestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.test_session.send_packet()
         # echo packets shouldn't arrive anymore
         for dummy in range(5):
-            wait_for_bfd_packet(
-                self, pcap_time_min=time.time() - self.vpp_clock_offset)
+            wait_for_bfd_packet(self, pcap_time_min=time.time() - self.vpp_clock_offset)
             self.test_session.send_packet()
             events = self.vapi.collect_events()
             self.assert_equal(len(events), 0, "number of bfd events")
 
     def test_echo_source_removed(self):
-        """ echo function stops if echo source is removed """
+        """echo function stops if echo source is removed"""
         bfd_session_up(self)
         self.test_session.update(required_min_echo_rx=150000)
         self.test_session.send_packet()
-        self.vapi.bfd_udp_set_echo_source(
-            sw_if_index=self.loopback0.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.bfd_udp_set_echo_source(sw_if_index=self.loopback0.sw_if_index)
         # wait for first echo packet
         while True:
             p = self.pg0.wait_for_packet(1)
@@ -1394,18 +1511,16 @@ class BFD4TestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.test_session.send_packet()
         # echo packets shouldn't arrive anymore
         for dummy in range(5):
-            wait_for_bfd_packet(
-                self, pcap_time_min=time.time() - self.vpp_clock_offset)
+            wait_for_bfd_packet(self, pcap_time_min=time.time() - self.vpp_clock_offset)
             self.test_session.send_packet()
             events = self.vapi.collect_events()
             self.assert_equal(len(events), 0, "number of bfd events")
 
     def test_stale_echo(self):
-        """ stale echo packets don't keep a session up """
+        """stale echo packets don't keep a session up"""
         bfd_session_up(self)
         self.test_session.update(required_min_echo_rx=150000)
-        self.vapi.bfd_udp_set_echo_source(
-            sw_if_index=self.loopback0.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.bfd_udp_set_echo_source(sw_if_index=self.loopback0.sw_if_index)
         self.test_session.send_packet()
         # should be turned on - loopback echo packets
         echo_packet = None
@@ -1417,8 +1532,12 @@ class BFD4TestCase(VppTestCase):
                 if echo_packet is None:
                     self.logger.debug(ppp("Got first echo packet:", p))
                     echo_packet = p
-                    timeout_at = time.time() + self.vpp_session.detect_mult * \
-                        self.test_session.required_min_echo_rx / USEC_IN_SEC
+                    timeout_at = (
+                        time.time()
+                        + self.vpp_session.detect_mult
+                        * self.test_session.required_min_echo_rx
+                        / USEC_IN_SEC
+                    )
                 else:
                     self.logger.debug(ppp("Got followup echo packet:", p))
                 self.logger.debug(ppp("Looping back first echo packet:", p))
@@ -1434,15 +1553,18 @@ class BFD4TestCase(VppTestCase):
                 if p[BFD].state == BFDState.down:
                     self.assertIsNotNone(
                         timeout_at,
-                        "Session went down before first echo packet received")
+                        "Session went down before first echo packet received",
+                    )
                     now = time.time()
                     self.assertGreaterEqual(
-                        now, timeout_at,
-                        "Session timeout at %s, but is expected at %s" %
-                        (now, timeout_at))
-                    self.assert_equal(p[BFD].diag,
-                                      BFDDiagCode.echo_function_failed,
-                                      BFDDiagCode)
+                        now,
+                        timeout_at,
+                        "Session timeout at %s, but is expected at %s"
+                        % (now, timeout_at),
+                    )
+                    self.assert_equal(
+                        p[BFD].diag, BFDDiagCode.echo_function_failed, BFDDiagCode
+                    )
                     events = self.vapi.collect_events()
                     self.assert_equal(len(events), 1, "number of bfd events")
                     self.assert_equal(events[0].state, BFDState.down, BFDState)
@@ -1454,11 +1576,10 @@ class BFD4TestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.assertTrue(timeout_ok, "Expected timeout event didn't occur")
 
     def test_invalid_echo_checksum(self):
-        """ echo packets with invalid checksum don't keep a session up """
+        """echo packets with invalid checksum don't keep a session up"""
         bfd_session_up(self)
         self.test_session.update(required_min_echo_rx=150000)
-        self.vapi.bfd_udp_set_echo_source(
-            sw_if_index=self.loopback0.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.bfd_udp_set_echo_source(sw_if_index=self.loopback0.sw_if_index)
         self.test_session.send_packet()
         # should be turned on - loopback echo packets
         timeout_at = None
@@ -1468,8 +1589,12 @@ class BFD4TestCase(VppTestCase):
             if p[UDP].dport == BFD.udp_dport_echo:
                 self.logger.debug(ppp("Got echo packet:", p))
                 if timeout_at is None:
-                    timeout_at = time.time() + self.vpp_session.detect_mult * \
-                        self.test_session.required_min_echo_rx / USEC_IN_SEC
+                    timeout_at = (
+                        time.time()
+                        + self.vpp_session.detect_mult
+                        * self.test_session.required_min_echo_rx
+                        / USEC_IN_SEC
+                    )
                 p[BFD_vpp_echo].checksum = getrandbits(64)
                 p[Ether].dst = self.pg0.local_mac
                 self.logger.debug(ppp("Looping back modified echo packet:", p))
@@ -1484,15 +1609,18 @@ class BFD4TestCase(VppTestCase):
                 if p[BFD].state == BFDState.down:
                     self.assertIsNotNone(
                         timeout_at,
-                        "Session went down before first echo packet received")
+                        "Session went down before first echo packet received",
+                    )
                     now = time.time()
                     self.assertGreaterEqual(
-                        now, timeout_at,
-                        "Session timeout at %s, but is expected at %s" %
-                        (now, timeout_at))
-                    self.assert_equal(p[BFD].diag,
-                                      BFDDiagCode.echo_function_failed,
-                                      BFDDiagCode)
+                        now,
+                        timeout_at,
+                        "Session timeout at %s, but is expected at %s"
+                        % (now, timeout_at),
+                    )
+                    self.assert_equal(
+                        p[BFD].diag, BFDDiagCode.echo_function_failed, BFDDiagCode
+                    )
                     events = self.vapi.collect_events()
                     self.assert_equal(len(events), 1, "number of bfd events")
                     self.assert_equal(events[0].state, BFDState.down, BFDState)
@@ -1504,7 +1632,7 @@ class BFD4TestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.assertTrue(timeout_ok, "Expected timeout event didn't occur")
 
     def test_admin_up_down(self):
-        """ put session admin-up and admin-down """
+        """put session admin-up and admin-down"""
         bfd_session_up(self)
         self.vpp_session.admin_down()
         self.pg0.enable_capture()
@@ -1523,33 +1651,30 @@ class BFD4TestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.test_session.update(state=BFDState.down)
         e = self.vapi.wait_for_event(1, "bfd_udp_session_event")
         verify_event(self, e, expected_state=BFDState.down)
-        p = wait_for_bfd_packet(
-            self, pcap_time_min=time.time() - self.vpp_clock_offset)
+        p = wait_for_bfd_packet(self, pcap_time_min=time.time() - self.vpp_clock_offset)
         self.assert_equal(p[BFD].state, BFDState.down, BFDState)
         self.test_session.send_packet()
-        p = wait_for_bfd_packet(
-            self, pcap_time_min=time.time() - self.vpp_clock_offset)
+        p = wait_for_bfd_packet(self, pcap_time_min=time.time() - self.vpp_clock_offset)
         self.assert_equal(p[BFD].state, BFDState.init, BFDState)
         e = self.vapi.wait_for_event(1, "bfd_udp_session_event")
         verify_event(self, e, expected_state=BFDState.init)
         self.test_session.update(state=BFDState.up)
         self.test_session.send_packet()
-        p = wait_for_bfd_packet(
-            self, pcap_time_min=time.time() - self.vpp_clock_offset)
+        p = wait_for_bfd_packet(self, pcap_time_min=time.time() - self.vpp_clock_offset)
         self.assert_equal(p[BFD].state, BFDState.up, BFDState)
         e = self.vapi.wait_for_event(1, "bfd_udp_session_event")
         verify_event(self, e, expected_state=BFDState.up)
 
     def test_config_change_remote_demand(self):
-        """ configuration change while peer in demand mode """
+        """configuration change while peer in demand mode"""
         bfd_session_up(self)
         demand = self.test_session.create_packet()
         demand[BFD].flags = "D"
         self.test_session.send_packet(demand)
         self.vpp_session.modify_parameters(
-            required_min_rx=2 * self.vpp_session.required_min_rx)
-        p = wait_for_bfd_packet(
-            self, pcap_time_min=time.time() - self.vpp_clock_offset)
+            required_min_rx=2 * self.vpp_session.required_min_rx
+        )
+        p = wait_for_bfd_packet(self, pcap_time_min=time.time() - self.vpp_clock_offset)
         # poll bit must be set
         self.assertIn("P", p.sprintf("%BFD.flags%"), "Poll bit not set")
         # terminate poll sequence
@@ -1557,10 +1682,11 @@ class BFD4TestCase(VppTestCase):
         final[BFD].flags = "D+F"
         self.test_session.send_packet(final)
         # vpp should be quiet now again
-        transmit_time = 0.9 \
-            * max(self.vpp_session.required_min_rx,
-                  self.test_session.desired_min_tx) \
+        transmit_time = (
+            0.9
+            * max(self.vpp_session.required_min_rx, self.test_session.desired_min_tx)
             / USEC_IN_SEC
+        )
         count = 0
         for dummy in range(self.test_session.detect_mult * 2):
             self.sleep(transmit_time)
@@ -1578,7 +1704,7 @@ class BFD4TestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.assert_equal(len(events), 0, "number of events received")
 
     def test_intf_deleted(self):
-        """ interface with bfd session deleted """
+        """interface with bfd session deleted"""
         intf = VppLoInterface(self)
         intf.config_ip4()
         intf.admin_up()
@@ -1595,7 +1721,7 @@ class BFD4TestCase(VppTestCase):
 @tag_run_solo
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 class BFD6TestCase(VppTestCase):
-    """Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) (IPv6) """
+    """Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) (IPv6)"""
 
     pg0 = None
     vpp_clock_offset = None
@@ -1631,11 +1757,11 @@ class BFD6TestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.vapi.want_bfd_events()
         self.pg0.enable_capture()
         try:
-            self.bfd_udp4_sessions = self.statistics['/bfd/udp4/sessions']
-            self.bfd_udp6_sessions = self.statistics['/bfd/udp6/sessions']
-            self.vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg0,
-                                                self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                                                af=AF_INET6)
+            self.bfd_udp4_sessions = self.statistics["/bfd/udp4/sessions"]
+            self.bfd_udp6_sessions = self.statistics["/bfd/udp6/sessions"]
+            self.vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(
+                self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip6, af=AF_INET6
+            )
             self.vpp_session.add_vpp_config()
             self.vpp_session.admin_up()
             self.test_session = BFDTestSession(self, self.pg0, AF_INET6)
@@ -1651,26 +1777,29 @@ class BFD6TestCase(VppTestCase):
         super(BFD6TestCase, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_session_up(self):
-        """ bring BFD session up """
+        """bring BFD session up"""
         bfd_session_up(self)
-        bfd_udp4_sessions = self.statistics['/bfd/udp4/sessions']
-        bfd_udp6_sessions = self.statistics['/bfd/udp6/sessions']
+        bfd_udp4_sessions = self.statistics["/bfd/udp4/sessions"]
+        bfd_udp6_sessions = self.statistics["/bfd/udp6/sessions"]
         self.assert_equal(bfd_udp4_sessions, self.bfd_udp4_sessions)
         self.assert_equal(bfd_udp6_sessions - self.bfd_udp6_sessions, 1)
 
     def test_session_up_by_ip(self):
-        """ bring BFD session up - first frame looked up by address pair """
+        """bring BFD session up - first frame looked up by address pair"""
         self.logger.info("BFD: Sending Slow control frame")
         self.test_session.update(my_discriminator=randint(0, 40000000))
         self.test_session.send_packet()
         self.pg0.enable_capture()
         p = self.pg0.wait_for_packet(1)
-        self.assert_equal(p[BFD].your_discriminator,
-                          self.test_session.my_discriminator,
-                          "BFD - your discriminator")
+        self.assert_equal(
+            p[BFD].your_discriminator,
+            self.test_session.my_discriminator,
+            "BFD - your discriminator",
+        )
         self.assert_equal(p[BFD].state, BFDState.init, BFDState)
-        self.test_session.update(your_discriminator=p[BFD].my_discriminator,
-                                 state=BFDState.up)
+        self.test_session.update(
+            your_discriminator=p[BFD].my_discriminator, state=BFDState.up
+        )
         self.logger.info("BFD: Waiting for event")
         e = self.vapi.wait_for_event(1, "bfd_udp_session_event")
         verify_event(self, e, expected_state=BFDState.init)
@@ -1685,17 +1814,16 @@ class BFD6TestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.assert_equal(self.vpp_session.state, BFDState.up, BFDState)
 
     def test_hold_up(self):
-        """ hold BFD session up """
+        """hold BFD session up"""
         bfd_session_up(self)
         for dummy in range(self.test_session.detect_mult * 2):
             wait_for_bfd_packet(self)
             self.test_session.send_packet()
-        self.assert_equal(len(self.vapi.collect_events()), 0,
-                          "number of bfd events")
+        self.assert_equal(len(self.vapi.collect_events()), 0, "number of bfd events")
         self.assert_equal(self.vpp_session.state, BFDState.up, BFDState)
 
     def test_echo_looped_back(self):
-        """ echo packets looped back """
+        """echo packets looped back"""
         bfd_session_up(self)
         stats_before = bfd_grab_stats_snapshot(self)
         self.pg0.enable_capture()
@@ -1703,14 +1831,14 @@ class BFD6TestCase(VppTestCase):
         # random source port low enough to increment a few times..
         udp_sport_tx = randint(1, 50000)
         udp_sport_rx = udp_sport_tx
-        echo_packet = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                             dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                       IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                            dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6) /
-                       UDP(dport=BFD.udp_dport_echo) /
-                       Raw("this should be looped back"))
+        echo_packet = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+            / UDP(dport=BFD.udp_dport_echo)
+            / Raw("this should be looped back")
+        )
         for dummy in range(echo_packet_count):
-            self.sleep(.01, "delay between echo packets")
+            self.sleep(0.01, "delay between echo packets")
             echo_packet[UDP].sport = udp_sport_tx
             udp_sport_tx += 1
             self.logger.debug(ppp("Sending packet:", echo_packet))
@@ -1722,8 +1850,7 @@ class BFD6TestCase(VppTestCase):
             p = self.pg0.wait_for_packet(1)
             self.logger.debug(ppp("Got packet:", p))
             ether = p[Ether]
-            self.assert_equal(self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                              ether.dst, "Destination MAC")
+            self.assert_equal(self.pg0.remote_mac, ether.dst, "Destination MAC")
             self.assert_equal(self.pg0.local_mac, ether.src, "Source MAC")
             ip = p[IPv6]
             self.assert_equal(self.pg0.remote_ip6, ip.dst, "Destination IP")
@@ -1732,50 +1859,57 @@ class BFD6TestCase(VppTestCase):
                 bfd_control_packets_rx += 1
                 continue
             self.assert_equal(self.pg0.remote_ip6, ip.src, "Source IP")
-            self.assert_equal(udp.dport, BFD.udp_dport_echo,
-                              "UDP destination port")
+            self.assert_equal(udp.dport, BFD.udp_dport_echo, "UDP destination port")
             self.assert_equal(udp.sport, udp_sport_rx, "UDP source port")
             udp_sport_rx += 1
             # need to compare the hex payload here, otherwise BFD_vpp_echo
             # gets in way
-            self.assertEqual(scapy.compat.raw(p[UDP].payload),
-                             scapy.compat.raw(echo_packet[UDP].payload),
-                             "Received packet is not the echo packet sent")
+            self.assertEqual(
+                scapy.compat.raw(p[UDP].payload),
+                scapy.compat.raw(echo_packet[UDP].payload),
+                "Received packet is not the echo packet sent",
+            )
             counter += 1
-        self.assert_equal(udp_sport_tx, udp_sport_rx, "UDP source port (== "
-                          "ECHO packet identifier for test purposes)")
+        self.assert_equal(
+            udp_sport_tx,
+            udp_sport_rx,
+            "UDP source port (== ECHO packet identifier for test purposes)",
+        )
         stats_after = bfd_grab_stats_snapshot(self)
         diff = bfd_stats_diff(stats_before, stats_after)
+        self.assertEqual(0, diff.rx, "RX counter bumped but no BFD packets sent")
+        self.assertEqual(bfd_control_packets_rx, diff.tx, "TX counter incorrect")
         self.assertEqual(
-            0, diff.rx, "RX counter bumped but no BFD packets sent")
-        self.assertEqual(bfd_control_packets_rx,
-                         diff.tx, "TX counter incorrect")
-        self.assertEqual(0, diff.rx_echo,
-                         "RX echo counter bumped but no BFD session exists")
-        self.assertEqual(0, diff.tx_echo,
-                         "TX echo counter bumped but no BFD session exists")
+            0, diff.rx_echo, "RX echo counter bumped but no BFD session exists"
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            0, diff.tx_echo, "TX echo counter bumped but no BFD session exists"
+        )
 
     def test_echo(self):
-        """ echo function """
+        """echo function"""
         stats_before = bfd_grab_stats_snapshot(self)
         bfd_session_up(self)
         self.test_session.update(required_min_echo_rx=150000)
         self.test_session.send_packet()
-        detection_time = self.test_session.detect_mult *\
-            self.vpp_session.required_min_rx / USEC_IN_SEC
+        detection_time = (
+            self.test_session.detect_mult
+            * self.vpp_session.required_min_rx
+            / USEC_IN_SEC
+        )
         # echo shouldn't work without echo source set
         for dummy in range(10):
             sleep = self.vpp_session.required_min_rx / USEC_IN_SEC
             self.sleep(sleep, "delay before sending bfd packet")
             self.test_session.send_packet()
-        p = wait_for_bfd_packet(
-            self, pcap_time_min=time.time() - self.vpp_clock_offset)
-        self.assert_equal(p[BFD].required_min_rx_interval,
-                          self.vpp_session.required_min_rx,
-                          "BFD required min rx interval")
+        p = wait_for_bfd_packet(self, pcap_time_min=time.time() - self.vpp_clock_offset)
+        self.assert_equal(
+            p[BFD].required_min_rx_interval,
+            self.vpp_session.required_min_rx,
+            "BFD required min rx interval",
+        )
         self.test_session.send_packet()
-        self.vapi.bfd_udp_set_echo_source(
-            sw_if_index=self.loopback0.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.bfd_udp_set_echo_source(sw_if_index=self.loopback0.sw_if_index)
         echo_seen = False
         # should be turned on - loopback echo packets
         for dummy in range(3):
@@ -1785,12 +1919,19 @@ class BFD6TestCase(VppTestCase):
                 self.logger.debug(ppp("Got packet:", p))
                 if p[UDP].dport == BFD.udp_dport_echo:
                     self.assert_equal(
-                        p[IPv6].dst, self.pg0.local_ip6, "BFD ECHO dst IP")
-                    self.assertNotEqual(p[IPv6].src, self.loopback0.local_ip6,
-                                        "BFD ECHO src IP equal to loopback IP")
+                        p[IPv6].dst, self.pg0.local_ip6, "BFD ECHO dst IP"
+                    )
+                    self.assertNotEqual(
+                        p[IPv6].src,
+                        self.loopback0.local_ip6,
+                        "BFD ECHO src IP equal to loopback IP",
+                    )
                     self.logger.debug(ppp("Looping back packet:", p))
-                    self.assert_equal(p[Ether].dst, self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                      "ECHO packet destination MAC address")
+                    self.assert_equal(
+                        p[Ether].dst,
+                        self.pg0.remote_mac,
+                        "ECHO packet destination MAC address",
+                    )
                     self.test_session.rx_packets_echo += 1
                     self.test_session.tx_packets_echo += 1
                     p[Ether].dst = self.pg0.local_mac
@@ -1801,8 +1942,8 @@ class BFD6TestCase(VppTestCase):
                     self.test_session.rx_packets += 1
                     if echo_seen:
                         self.assertGreaterEqual(
-                            p[BFD].required_min_rx_interval,
-                            1000000)
+                            p[BFD].required_min_rx_interval, 1000000
+                        )
                     if "P" in p.sprintf("%BFD.flags%"):
                         final = self.test_session.create_packet()
                         final[BFD].flags = "F"
@@ -1810,33 +1951,41 @@ class BFD6TestCase(VppTestCase):
                 else:
                     raise Exception(ppp("Received unknown packet:", p))
 
-                self.assert_equal(len(self.vapi.collect_events()), 0,
-                                  "number of bfd events")
+                self.assert_equal(
+                    len(self.vapi.collect_events()), 0, "number of bfd events"
+                )
             self.test_session.send_packet()
         self.assertTrue(echo_seen, "No echo packets received")
 
         stats_after = bfd_grab_stats_snapshot(self)
         diff = bfd_stats_diff(stats_before, stats_after)
         # our rx is vpp tx and vice versa, also tolerate one packet off
-        self.assert_in_range(self.test_session.tx_packets,
-                             diff.rx - 1, diff.rx + 1, "RX counter")
-        self.assert_in_range(self.test_session.rx_packets,
-                             diff.tx - 1, diff.tx + 1, "TX counter")
-        self.assert_in_range(self.test_session.tx_packets_echo,
-                             diff.rx_echo - 1, diff.rx_echo + 1,
-                             "RX echo counter")
-        self.assert_in_range(self.test_session.rx_packets_echo,
-                             diff.tx_echo - 1, diff.tx_echo + 1,
-                             "TX echo counter")
+        self.assert_in_range(
+            self.test_session.tx_packets, diff.rx - 1, diff.rx + 1, "RX counter"
+        )
+        self.assert_in_range(
+            self.test_session.rx_packets, diff.tx - 1, diff.tx + 1, "TX counter"
+        )
+        self.assert_in_range(
+            self.test_session.tx_packets_echo,
+            diff.rx_echo - 1,
+            diff.rx_echo + 1,
+            "RX echo counter",
+        )
+        self.assert_in_range(
+            self.test_session.rx_packets_echo,
+            diff.tx_echo - 1,
+            diff.tx_echo + 1,
+            "TX echo counter",
+        )
 
     def test_intf_deleted(self):
-        """ interface with bfd session deleted """
+        """interface with bfd session deleted"""
         intf = VppLoInterface(self)
         intf.config_ip6()
         intf.admin_up()
         sw_if_index = intf.sw_if_index
-        vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(
-            self, intf, intf.remote_ip6, af=AF_INET6)
+        vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(self, intf, intf.remote_ip6, af=AF_INET6)
         vpp_session.add_vpp_config()
         vpp_session.admin_up()
         intf.remove_vpp_config()
@@ -1847,7 +1996,7 @@ class BFD6TestCase(VppTestCase):
 
 @tag_run_solo
 class BFDFIBTestCase(VppTestCase):
-    """ BFD-FIB interactions (IPv6) """
+    """BFD-FIB interactions (IPv6)"""
 
     vpp_session = None
     test_session = None
@@ -1880,40 +2029,48 @@ class BFDFIBTestCase(VppTestCase):
 
     @staticmethod
     def pkt_is_not_data_traffic(p):
-        """ not data traffic implies BFD or the usual IPv6 ND/RA"""
+        """not data traffic implies BFD or the usual IPv6 ND/RA"""
         if p.haslayer(BFD) or is_ipv6_misc(p):
             return True
         return False
 
     def test_session_with_fib(self):
-        """ BFD-FIB interactions """
+        """BFD-FIB interactions"""
 
         # packets to match against both of the routes
-        p = [(Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-              IPv6(src="3001::1", dst="2001::1") /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)),
-             (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-              IPv6(src="3001::1", dst="2002::1") /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))]
+        p = [
+            (
+                Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+                / IPv6(src="3001::1", dst="2001::1")
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            ),
+            (
+                Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+                / IPv6(src="3001::1", dst="2002::1")
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            ),
+        ]
 
         # A recursive and a non-recursive route via a next-hop that
         # will have a BFD session
-        ip_2001_s_64 = VppIpRoute(self, "2001::", 64,
-                                  [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                                                self.pg0.sw_if_index)])
-        ip_2002_s_64 = VppIpRoute(self, "2002::", 64,
-                                  [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                                                0xffffffff)])
+        ip_2001_s_64 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "2001::",
+            64,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip6, self.pg0.sw_if_index)],
+        )
+        ip_2002_s_64 = VppIpRoute(
+            self, "2002::", 64, [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip6, 0xFFFFFFFF)]
+        )
         ip_2001_s_64.add_vpp_config()
         ip_2002_s_64.add_vpp_config()
 
         # bring the session up now the routes are present
-        self.vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(self,
-                                            self.pg0,
-                                            self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                                            af=AF_INET6)
+        self.vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(
+            self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip6, af=AF_INET6
+        )
         self.vpp_session.add_vpp_config()
         self.vpp_session.admin_up()
         self.test_session = BFDTestSession(self, self.pg0, AF_INET6)
@@ -1925,10 +2082,9 @@ class BFDFIBTestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.pg_start()
         for packet in p:
             captured = self.pg0.wait_for_packet(
-                1,
-                filter_out_fn=self.pkt_is_not_data_traffic)
-            self.assertEqual(captured[IPv6].dst,
-                             packet[IPv6].dst)
+                1, filter_out_fn=self.pkt_is_not_data_traffic
+            )
+            self.assertEqual(captured[IPv6].dst, packet[IPv6].dst)
 
         # session is up - traffic is dropped
         bfd_session_down(self)
@@ -1945,15 +2101,14 @@ class BFDFIBTestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.pg_start()
         for packet in p:
             captured = self.pg0.wait_for_packet(
-                1,
-                filter_out_fn=self.pkt_is_not_data_traffic)
-            self.assertEqual(captured[IPv6].dst,
-                             packet[IPv6].dst)
+                1, filter_out_fn=self.pkt_is_not_data_traffic
+            )
+            self.assertEqual(captured[IPv6].dst, packet[IPv6].dst)
 
 
 @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
 class BFDTunTestCase(VppTestCase):
-    """ BFD over GRE tunnel """
+    """BFD over GRE tunnel"""
 
     vpp_session = None
     test_session = None
@@ -1986,42 +2141,44 @@ class BFDTunTestCase(VppTestCase):
 
     @staticmethod
     def pkt_is_not_data_traffic(p):
-        """ not data traffic implies BFD or the usual IPv6 ND/RA"""
+        """not data traffic implies BFD or the usual IPv6 ND/RA"""
         if p.haslayer(BFD) or is_ipv6_misc(p):
             return True
         return False
 
     def test_bfd_o_gre(self):
-        """ BFD-o-GRE  """
+        """BFD-o-GRE"""
 
         # A GRE interface over which to run a BFD session
-        gre_if = VppGreInterface(self,
-                                 self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                 self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        gre_if = VppGreInterface(self, self.pg0.local_ip4, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
         gre_if.add_vpp_config()
         gre_if.admin_up()
         gre_if.config_ip4()
 
         # bring the session up now the routes are present
-        self.vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(self,
-                                            gre_if,
-                                            gre_if.remote_ip4,
-                                            is_tunnel=True)
+        self.vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(
+            self, gre_if, gre_if.remote_ip4, is_tunnel=True
+        )
         self.vpp_session.add_vpp_config()
         self.vpp_session.admin_up()
 
         self.test_session = BFDTestSession(
-            self, gre_if, AF_INET,
-            tunnel_header=(IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                              dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-                           GRE()),
-            phy_interface=self.pg0)
+            self,
+            gre_if,
+            AF_INET,
+            tunnel_header=(IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) / GRE()),
+            phy_interface=self.pg0,
+        )
 
         # packets to match against both of the routes
-        p = [(Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-              IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=gre_if.remote_ip4) /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))]
+        p = [
+            (
+                Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=gre_if.remote_ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
+        ]
 
         # session is up - traffic passes
         bfd_session_up(self)
@@ -2034,7 +2191,7 @@ class BFDTunTestCase(VppTestCase):
 
 @tag_run_solo
 class BFDSHA1TestCase(VppTestCase):
-    """Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) (SHA1 auth) """
+    """Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) (SHA1 auth)"""
 
     pg0 = None
     vpp_clock_offset = None
@@ -2072,31 +2229,39 @@ class BFDSHA1TestCase(VppTestCase):
         super(BFDSHA1TestCase, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_session_up(self):
-        """ bring BFD session up """
+        """bring BFD session up"""
         key = self.factory.create_random_key(self)
         key.add_vpp_config()
-        self.vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg0,
-                                            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                            sha1_key=key)
+        self.vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(
+            self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4, sha1_key=key
+        )
         self.vpp_session.add_vpp_config()
         self.vpp_session.admin_up()
         self.test_session = BFDTestSession(
-            self, self.pg0, AF_INET, sha1_key=key,
-            bfd_key_id=self.vpp_session.bfd_key_id)
+            self,
+            self.pg0,
+            AF_INET,
+            sha1_key=key,
+            bfd_key_id=self.vpp_session.bfd_key_id,
+        )
         bfd_session_up(self)
 
     def test_hold_up(self):
-        """ hold BFD session up """
+        """hold BFD session up"""
         key = self.factory.create_random_key(self)
         key.add_vpp_config()
-        self.vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg0,
-                                            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                            sha1_key=key)
+        self.vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(
+            self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4, sha1_key=key
+        )
         self.vpp_session.add_vpp_config()
         self.vpp_session.admin_up()
         self.test_session = BFDTestSession(
-            self, self.pg0, AF_INET, sha1_key=key,
-            bfd_key_id=self.vpp_session.bfd_key_id)
+            self,
+            self.pg0,
+            AF_INET,
+            sha1_key=key,
+            bfd_key_id=self.vpp_session.bfd_key_id,
+        )
         bfd_session_up(self)
         for dummy in range(self.test_session.detect_mult * 2):
             wait_for_bfd_packet(self)
@@ -2104,19 +2269,23 @@ class BFDSHA1TestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.assert_equal(self.vpp_session.state, BFDState.up, BFDState)
 
     def test_hold_up_meticulous(self):
-        """ hold BFD session up - meticulous auth """
-        key = self.factory.create_random_key(
-            self, BFDAuthType.meticulous_keyed_sha1)
+        """hold BFD session up - meticulous auth"""
+        key = self.factory.create_random_key(self, BFDAuthType.meticulous_keyed_sha1)
         key.add_vpp_config()
-        self.vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg0,
-                                            self.pg0.remote_ip4, sha1_key=key)
+        self.vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(
+            self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4, sha1_key=key
+        )
         self.vpp_session.add_vpp_config()
         self.vpp_session.admin_up()
         # specify sequence number so that it wraps
         self.test_session = BFDTestSession(
-            self, self.pg0, AF_INET, sha1_key=key,
+            self,
+            self.pg0,
+            AF_INET,
+            sha1_key=key,
             bfd_key_id=self.vpp_session.bfd_key_id,
-            our_seq_number=0xFFFFFFFF - 4)
+            our_seq_number=0xFFFFFFFF - 4,
+        )
         bfd_session_up(self)
         for dummy in range(30):
             wait_for_bfd_packet(self)
@@ -2125,35 +2294,47 @@ class BFDSHA1TestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.assert_equal(self.vpp_session.state, BFDState.up, BFDState)
 
     def test_send_bad_seq_number(self):
-        """ session is not kept alive by msgs with bad sequence numbers"""
-        key = self.factory.create_random_key(
-            self, BFDAuthType.meticulous_keyed_sha1)
+        """session is not kept alive by msgs with bad sequence numbers"""
+        key = self.factory.create_random_key(self, BFDAuthType.meticulous_keyed_sha1)
         key.add_vpp_config()
-        self.vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg0,
-                                            self.pg0.remote_ip4, sha1_key=key)
+        self.vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(
+            self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4, sha1_key=key
+        )
         self.vpp_session.add_vpp_config()
         self.test_session = BFDTestSession(
-            self, self.pg0, AF_INET, sha1_key=key,
-            bfd_key_id=self.vpp_session.bfd_key_id)
+            self,
+            self.pg0,
+            AF_INET,
+            sha1_key=key,
+            bfd_key_id=self.vpp_session.bfd_key_id,
+        )
         bfd_session_up(self)
-        detection_time = self.test_session.detect_mult *\
-            self.vpp_session.required_min_rx / USEC_IN_SEC
+        detection_time = (
+            self.test_session.detect_mult
+            * self.vpp_session.required_min_rx
+            / USEC_IN_SEC
+        )
         send_until = time.time() + 2 * detection_time
         while time.time() < send_until:
             self.test_session.send_packet()
-            self.sleep(0.7 * self.vpp_session.required_min_rx / USEC_IN_SEC,
-                       "time between bfd packets")
+            self.sleep(
+                0.7 * self.vpp_session.required_min_rx / USEC_IN_SEC,
+                "time between bfd packets",
+            )
         e = self.vapi.collect_events()
         # session should be down now, because the sequence numbers weren't
         # updated
         self.assert_equal(len(e), 1, "number of bfd events")
         verify_event(self, e[0], expected_state=BFDState.down)
 
-    def execute_rogue_session_scenario(self, vpp_bfd_udp_session,
-                                       legitimate_test_session,
-                                       rogue_test_session,
-                                       rogue_bfd_values=None):
-        """ execute a rogue session interaction scenario
+    def execute_rogue_session_scenario(
+        self,
+        vpp_bfd_udp_session,
+        legitimate_test_session,
+        rogue_test_session,
+        rogue_bfd_values=None,
+    ):
+        """execute a rogue session interaction scenario
 
         1. create vpp session, add config
         2. bring the legitimate session up
@@ -2178,7 +2359,8 @@ class BFDSHA1TestCase(VppTestCase):
             detect_mult=self.test_session.detect_mult,
             diag=self.test_session.diag,
             state=self.test_session.state,
-            auth_type=self.test_session.auth_type)
+            auth_type=self.test_session.auth_type,
+        )
         if rogue_bfd_values:
             rogue_test_session.update(**rogue_bfd_values)
         rogue_test_session.update(state=BFDState.down)
@@ -2187,69 +2369,84 @@ class BFDSHA1TestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.assert_equal(self.vpp_session.state, BFDState.up, BFDState)
 
     def test_mismatch_auth(self):
-        """ session is not brought down by unauthenticated msg """
+        """session is not brought down by unauthenticated msg"""
         key = self.factory.create_random_key(self)
         key.add_vpp_config()
         vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(
-            self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4, sha1_key=key)
+            self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4, sha1_key=key
+        )
         legitimate_test_session = BFDTestSession(
-            self, self.pg0, AF_INET, sha1_key=key,
-            bfd_key_id=vpp_session.bfd_key_id)
+            self, self.pg0, AF_INET, sha1_key=key, bfd_key_id=vpp_session.bfd_key_id
+        )
         rogue_test_session = BFDTestSession(self, self.pg0, AF_INET)
-        self.execute_rogue_session_scenario(vpp_session,
-                                            legitimate_test_session,
-                                            rogue_test_session)
+        self.execute_rogue_session_scenario(
+            vpp_session, legitimate_test_session, rogue_test_session
+        )
 
     def test_mismatch_bfd_key_id(self):
-        """ session is not brought down by msg with non-existent key-id """
+        """session is not brought down by msg with non-existent key-id"""
         key = self.factory.create_random_key(self)
         key.add_vpp_config()
         vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(
-            self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4, sha1_key=key)
+            self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4, sha1_key=key
+        )
         # pick a different random bfd key id
         x = randint(0, 255)
         while x == vpp_session.bfd_key_id:
             x = randint(0, 255)
         legitimate_test_session = BFDTestSession(
-            self, self.pg0, AF_INET, sha1_key=key,
-            bfd_key_id=vpp_session.bfd_key_id)
+            self, self.pg0, AF_INET, sha1_key=key, bfd_key_id=vpp_session.bfd_key_id
+        )
         rogue_test_session = BFDTestSession(
-            self, self.pg0, AF_INET, sha1_key=key, bfd_key_id=x)
-        self.execute_rogue_session_scenario(vpp_session,
-                                            legitimate_test_session,
-                                            rogue_test_session)
+            self, self.pg0, AF_INET, sha1_key=key, bfd_key_id=x
+        )
+        self.execute_rogue_session_scenario(
+            vpp_session, legitimate_test_session, rogue_test_session
+        )
 
     def test_mismatched_auth_type(self):
-        """ session is not brought down by msg with wrong auth type """
+        """session is not brought down by msg with wrong auth type"""
         key = self.factory.create_random_key(self)
         key.add_vpp_config()
         vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(
-            self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4, sha1_key=key)
+            self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4, sha1_key=key
+        )
         legitimate_test_session = BFDTestSession(
-            self, self.pg0, AF_INET, sha1_key=key,
-            bfd_key_id=vpp_session.bfd_key_id)
+            self, self.pg0, AF_INET, sha1_key=key, bfd_key_id=vpp_session.bfd_key_id
+        )
         rogue_test_session = BFDTestSession(
-            self, self.pg0, AF_INET, sha1_key=key,
-            bfd_key_id=vpp_session.bfd_key_id)
+            self, self.pg0, AF_INET, sha1_key=key, bfd_key_id=vpp_session.bfd_key_id
+        )
         self.execute_rogue_session_scenario(
-            vpp_session, legitimate_test_session, rogue_test_session,
-            {'auth_type': BFDAuthType.keyed_md5})
+            vpp_session,
+            legitimate_test_session,
+            rogue_test_session,
+            {"auth_type": BFDAuthType.keyed_md5},
+        )
 
     def test_restart(self):
-        """ simulate remote peer restart and resynchronization """
-        key = self.factory.create_random_key(
-            self, BFDAuthType.meticulous_keyed_sha1)
+        """simulate remote peer restart and resynchronization"""
+        key = self.factory.create_random_key(self, BFDAuthType.meticulous_keyed_sha1)
         key.add_vpp_config()
-        self.vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg0,
-                                            self.pg0.remote_ip4, sha1_key=key)
+        self.vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(
+            self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4, sha1_key=key
+        )
         self.vpp_session.add_vpp_config()
         self.test_session = BFDTestSession(
-            self, self.pg0, AF_INET, sha1_key=key,
-            bfd_key_id=self.vpp_session.bfd_key_id, our_seq_number=0)
+            self,
+            self.pg0,
+            AF_INET,
+            sha1_key=key,
+            bfd_key_id=self.vpp_session.bfd_key_id,
+            our_seq_number=0,
+        )
         bfd_session_up(self)
         # don't send any packets for 2*detection_time
-        detection_time = self.test_session.detect_mult *\
-            self.vpp_session.required_min_rx / USEC_IN_SEC
+        detection_time = (
+            self.test_session.detect_mult
+            * self.vpp_session.required_min_rx
+            / USEC_IN_SEC
+        )
         self.sleep(2 * detection_time, "simulating peer restart")
         events = self.vapi.collect_events()
         self.assert_equal(len(events), 1, "number of bfd events")
@@ -2266,7 +2463,7 @@ class BFDSHA1TestCase(VppTestCase):
 
 @tag_run_solo
 class BFDAuthOnOffTestCase(VppTestCase):
-    """Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) (changing auth) """
+    """Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) (changing auth)"""
 
     pg0 = None
     vpp_session = None
@@ -2303,11 +2500,10 @@ class BFDAuthOnOffTestCase(VppTestCase):
         super(BFDAuthOnOffTestCase, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_auth_on_immediate(self):
-        """ turn auth on without disturbing session state (immediate) """
+        """turn auth on without disturbing session state (immediate)"""
         key = self.factory.create_random_key(self)
         key.add_vpp_config()
-        self.vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg0,
-                                            self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        self.vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
         self.vpp_session.add_vpp_config()
         self.test_session = BFDTestSession(self, self.pg0, AF_INET)
         bfd_session_up(self)
@@ -2323,19 +2519,23 @@ class BFDAuthOnOffTestCase(VppTestCase):
             self.assert_equal(p[BFD].state, BFDState.up, BFDState)
             self.test_session.send_packet()
         self.assert_equal(self.vpp_session.state, BFDState.up, BFDState)
-        self.assert_equal(len(self.vapi.collect_events()), 0,
-                          "number of bfd events")
+        self.assert_equal(len(self.vapi.collect_events()), 0, "number of bfd events")
 
     def test_auth_off_immediate(self):
-        """ turn auth off without disturbing session state (immediate) """
+        """turn auth off without disturbing session state (immediate)"""
         key = self.factory.create_random_key(self)
         key.add_vpp_config()
-        self.vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg0,
-                                            self.pg0.remote_ip4, sha1_key=key)
+        self.vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(
+            self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4, sha1_key=key
+        )
         self.vpp_session.add_vpp_config()
         self.test_session = BFDTestSession(
-            self, self.pg0, AF_INET, sha1_key=key,
-            bfd_key_id=self.vpp_session.bfd_key_id)
+            self,
+            self.pg0,
+            AF_INET,
+            sha1_key=key,
+            bfd_key_id=self.vpp_session.bfd_key_id,
+        )
         bfd_session_up(self)
         # self.vapi.want_bfd_events(enable_disable=0)
         for dummy in range(self.test_session.detect_mult * 2):
@@ -2352,21 +2552,25 @@ class BFDAuthOnOffTestCase(VppTestCase):
             self.test_session.inc_seq_num()
             self.test_session.send_packet()
         self.assert_equal(self.vpp_session.state, BFDState.up, BFDState)
-        self.assert_equal(len(self.vapi.collect_events()), 0,
-                          "number of bfd events")
+        self.assert_equal(len(self.vapi.collect_events()), 0, "number of bfd events")
 
     def test_auth_change_key_immediate(self):
-        """ change auth key without disturbing session state (immediate) """
+        """change auth key without disturbing session state (immediate)"""
         key1 = self.factory.create_random_key(self)
         key1.add_vpp_config()
         key2 = self.factory.create_random_key(self)
         key2.add_vpp_config()
-        self.vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg0,
-                                            self.pg0.remote_ip4, sha1_key=key1)
+        self.vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(
+            self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4, sha1_key=key1
+        )
         self.vpp_session.add_vpp_config()
         self.test_session = BFDTestSession(
-            self, self.pg0, AF_INET, sha1_key=key1,
-            bfd_key_id=self.vpp_session.bfd_key_id)
+            self,
+            self.pg0,
+            AF_INET,
+            sha1_key=key1,
+            bfd_key_id=self.vpp_session.bfd_key_id,
+        )
         bfd_session_up(self)
         for dummy in range(self.test_session.detect_mult * 2):
             p = wait_for_bfd_packet(self)
@@ -2380,15 +2584,13 @@ class BFDAuthOnOffTestCase(VppTestCase):
             self.assert_equal(p[BFD].state, BFDState.up, BFDState)
             self.test_session.send_packet()
         self.assert_equal(self.vpp_session.state, BFDState.up, BFDState)
-        self.assert_equal(len(self.vapi.collect_events()), 0,
-                          "number of bfd events")
+        self.assert_equal(len(self.vapi.collect_events()), 0, "number of bfd events")
 
     def test_auth_on_delayed(self):
-        """ turn auth on without disturbing session state (delayed) """
+        """turn auth on without disturbing session state (delayed)"""
         key = self.factory.create_random_key(self)
         key.add_vpp_config()
-        self.vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg0,
-                                            self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        self.vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
         self.vpp_session.add_vpp_config()
         self.test_session = BFDTestSession(self, self.pg0, AF_INET)
         bfd_session_up(self)
@@ -2408,19 +2610,23 @@ class BFDAuthOnOffTestCase(VppTestCase):
             self.assert_equal(p[BFD].state, BFDState.up, BFDState)
             self.test_session.send_packet()
         self.assert_equal(self.vpp_session.state, BFDState.up, BFDState)
-        self.assert_equal(len(self.vapi.collect_events()), 0,
-                          "number of bfd events")
+        self.assert_equal(len(self.vapi.collect_events()), 0, "number of bfd events")
 
     def test_auth_off_delayed(self):
-        """ turn auth off without disturbing session state (delayed) """
+        """turn auth off without disturbing session state (delayed)"""
         key = self.factory.create_random_key(self)
         key.add_vpp_config()
-        self.vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg0,
-                                            self.pg0.remote_ip4, sha1_key=key)
+        self.vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(
+            self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4, sha1_key=key
+        )
         self.vpp_session.add_vpp_config()
         self.test_session = BFDTestSession(
-            self, self.pg0, AF_INET, sha1_key=key,
-            bfd_key_id=self.vpp_session.bfd_key_id)
+            self,
+            self.pg0,
+            AF_INET,
+            sha1_key=key,
+            bfd_key_id=self.vpp_session.bfd_key_id,
+        )
         bfd_session_up(self)
         for dummy in range(self.test_session.detect_mult * 2):
             p = wait_for_bfd_packet(self)
@@ -2439,22 +2645,26 @@ class BFDAuthOnOffTestCase(VppTestCase):
             self.assert_equal(p[BFD].state, BFDState.up, BFDState)
             self.test_session.send_packet()
         self.assert_equal(self.vpp_session.state, BFDState.up, BFDState)
-        self.assert_equal(len(self.vapi.collect_events()), 0,
-                          "number of bfd events")
+        self.assert_equal(len(self.vapi.collect_events()), 0, "number of bfd events")
 
     def test_auth_change_key_delayed(self):
-        """ change auth key without disturbing session state (delayed) """
+        """change auth key without disturbing session state (delayed)"""
         key1 = self.factory.create_random_key(self)
         key1.add_vpp_config()
         key2 = self.factory.create_random_key(self)
         key2.add_vpp_config()
-        self.vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg0,
-                                            self.pg0.remote_ip4, sha1_key=key1)
+        self.vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(
+            self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4, sha1_key=key1
+        )
         self.vpp_session.add_vpp_config()
         self.vpp_session.admin_up()
         self.test_session = BFDTestSession(
-            self, self.pg0, AF_INET, sha1_key=key1,
-            bfd_key_id=self.vpp_session.bfd_key_id)
+            self,
+            self.pg0,
+            AF_INET,
+            sha1_key=key1,
+            bfd_key_id=self.vpp_session.bfd_key_id,
+        )
         bfd_session_up(self)
         for dummy in range(self.test_session.detect_mult * 2):
             p = wait_for_bfd_packet(self)
@@ -2473,13 +2683,13 @@ class BFDAuthOnOffTestCase(VppTestCase):
             self.assert_equal(p[BFD].state, BFDState.up, BFDState)
             self.test_session.send_packet()
         self.assert_equal(self.vpp_session.state, BFDState.up, BFDState)
-        self.assert_equal(len(self.vapi.collect_events()), 0,
-                          "number of bfd events")
+        self.assert_equal(len(self.vapi.collect_events()), 0, "number of bfd events")
 
 
 @tag_run_solo
 class BFDCLITestCase(VppTestCase):
-    """Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) (CLI) """
+    """Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) (CLI)"""
+
     pg0 = None
 
     @classmethod
@@ -2516,52 +2726,54 @@ class BFDCLITestCase(VppTestCase):
         super(BFDCLITestCase, self).tearDown()
 
     def cli_verify_no_response(self, cli):
-        """ execute a CLI, asserting that the response is empty """
-        self.assert_equal(self.vapi.cli(cli),
-                          "",
-                          "CLI command response")
+        """execute a CLI, asserting that the response is empty"""
+        self.assert_equal(self.vapi.cli(cli), "", "CLI command response")
 
     def cli_verify_response(self, cli, expected):
-        """ execute a CLI, asserting that the response matches expectation """
+        """execute a CLI, asserting that the response matches expectation"""
         try:
             reply = self.vapi.cli(cli)
         except CliFailedCommandError as cli_error:
             reply = str(cli_error)
-        self.assert_equal(reply.strip(),
-                          expected,
-                          "CLI command response")
+        self.assert_equal(reply.strip(), expected, "CLI command response")
 
     def test_show(self):
-        """ show commands """
+        """show commands"""
         k1 = self.factory.create_random_key(self)
         k1.add_vpp_config()
         k2 = self.factory.create_random_key(
-            self, auth_type=BFDAuthType.meticulous_keyed_sha1)
+            self, auth_type=BFDAuthType.meticulous_keyed_sha1
+        )
         k2.add_vpp_config()
         s1 = VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
         s1.add_vpp_config()
-        s2 = VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip6, af=AF_INET6,
-                              sha1_key=k2)
+        s2 = VppBFDUDPSession(
+            self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip6, af=AF_INET6, sha1_key=k2
+        )
         s2.add_vpp_config()
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli("show bfd keys"))
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli("show bfd sessions"))
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli("show bfd"))
 
     def test_set_del_sha1_key(self):
-        """ set/delete SHA1 auth key """
+        """set/delete SHA1 auth key"""
         k = self.factory.create_random_key(self)
         self.registry.register(k, self.logger)
         self.cli_verify_no_response(
-            "bfd key set conf-key-id %s type keyed-sha1 secret %s" %
-            (k.conf_key_id,
-                "".join("{:02x}".format(scapy.compat.orb(c)) for c in k.key)))
+            "bfd key set conf-key-id %s type keyed-sha1 secret %s"
+            % (
+                k.conf_key_id,
+                "".join("{:02x}".format(scapy.compat.orb(c)) for c in k.key),
+            )
+        )
         self.assertTrue(k.query_vpp_config())
         self.vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(
-            self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4, sha1_key=k)
+            self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4, sha1_key=k
+        )
         self.vpp_session.add_vpp_config()
-        self.test_session = \
-            BFDTestSession(self, self.pg0, AF_INET, sha1_key=k,
-                           bfd_key_id=self.vpp_session.bfd_key_id)
+        self.test_session = BFDTestSession(
+            self, self.pg0, AF_INET, sha1_key=k, bfd_key_id=self.vpp_session.bfd_key_id
+        )
         self.vapi.want_bfd_events()
         bfd_session_up(self)
         bfd_session_down(self)
@@ -2569,37 +2781,43 @@ class BFDCLITestCase(VppTestCase):
         # is in-use
         k2 = self.factory.create_random_key(self)
         self.cli_verify_response(
-            "bfd key set conf-key-id %s type keyed-sha1 secret %s" %
-            (k.conf_key_id,
-                "".join("{:02x}".format(scapy.compat.orb(c)) for c in k2.key)),
+            "bfd key set conf-key-id %s type keyed-sha1 secret %s"
+            % (
+                k.conf_key_id,
+                "".join("{:02x}".format(scapy.compat.orb(c)) for c in k2.key),
+            ),
             "bfd key set: `bfd_auth_set_key' API call failed, "
-            "rv=-103:BFD object in use")
+            "rv=-103:BFD object in use",
+        )
         # manipulating the session using old secret should still work
         bfd_session_up(self)
         bfd_session_down(self)
         self.vpp_session.remove_vpp_config()
-        self.cli_verify_no_response(
-            "bfd key del conf-key-id %s" % k.conf_key_id)
+        self.cli_verify_no_response("bfd key del conf-key-id %s" % k.conf_key_id)
         self.assertFalse(k.query_vpp_config())
 
     def test_set_del_meticulous_sha1_key(self):
-        """ set/delete meticulous SHA1 auth key """
+        """set/delete meticulous SHA1 auth key"""
         k = self.factory.create_random_key(
-            self, auth_type=BFDAuthType.meticulous_keyed_sha1)
+            self, auth_type=BFDAuthType.meticulous_keyed_sha1
+        )
         self.registry.register(k, self.logger)
         self.cli_verify_no_response(
-            "bfd key set conf-key-id %s type meticulous-keyed-sha1 secret %s" %
-            (k.conf_key_id,
-                "".join("{:02x}".format(scapy.compat.orb(c)) for c in k.key)))
+            "bfd key set conf-key-id %s type meticulous-keyed-sha1 secret %s"
+            % (
+                k.conf_key_id,
+                "".join("{:02x}".format(scapy.compat.orb(c)) for c in k.key),
+            )
+        )
         self.assertTrue(k.query_vpp_config())
-        self.vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg0,
-                                            self.pg0.remote_ip6, af=AF_INET6,
-                                            sha1_key=k)
+        self.vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(
+            self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip6, af=AF_INET6, sha1_key=k
+        )
         self.vpp_session.add_vpp_config()
         self.vpp_session.admin_up()
-        self.test_session = \
-            BFDTestSession(self, self.pg0, AF_INET6, sha1_key=k,
-                           bfd_key_id=self.vpp_session.bfd_key_id)
+        self.test_session = BFDTestSession(
+            self, self.pg0, AF_INET6, sha1_key=k, bfd_key_id=self.vpp_session.bfd_key_id
+        )
         self.vapi.want_bfd_events()
         bfd_session_up(self)
         bfd_session_down(self)
@@ -2607,299 +2825,409 @@ class BFDCLITestCase(VppTestCase):
         # is in-use
         k2 = self.factory.create_random_key(self)
         self.cli_verify_response(
-            "bfd key set conf-key-id %s type keyed-sha1 secret %s" %
-            (k.conf_key_id,
-                "".join("{:02x}".format(scapy.compat.orb(c)) for c in k2.key)),
+            "bfd key set conf-key-id %s type keyed-sha1 secret %s"
+            % (
+                k.conf_key_id,
+                "".join("{:02x}".format(scapy.compat.orb(c)) for c in k2.key),
+            ),
             "bfd key set: `bfd_auth_set_key' API call failed, "
-            "rv=-103:BFD object in use")
+            "rv=-103:BFD object in use",
+        )
         # manipulating the session using old secret should still work
         bfd_session_up(self)
         bfd_session_down(self)
         self.vpp_session.remove_vpp_config()
-        self.cli_verify_no_response(
-            "bfd key del conf-key-id %s" % k.conf_key_id)
+        self.cli_verify_no_response("bfd key del conf-key-id %s" % k.conf_key_id)
         self.assertFalse(k.query_vpp_config())
 
     def test_add_mod_del_bfd_udp(self):
-        """ create/modify/delete IPv4 BFD UDP session """
-        vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(
-            self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        """create/modify/delete IPv4 BFD UDP session"""
+        vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
         self.registry.register(vpp_session, self.logger)
-        cli_add_cmd = "bfd udp session add interface %s local-addr %s " \
-            "peer-addr %s desired-min-tx %s required-min-rx %s "\
-            "detect-mult %s" % (self.pg0.name, self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                vpp_session.desired_min_tx,
-                                vpp_session.required_min_rx,
-                                vpp_session.detect_mult)
+        cli_add_cmd = (
+            "bfd udp session add interface %s local-addr %s "
+            "peer-addr %s desired-min-tx %s required-min-rx %s "
+            "detect-mult %s"
+            % (
+                self.pg0.name,
+                self.pg0.local_ip4,
+                self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                vpp_session.desired_min_tx,
+                vpp_session.required_min_rx,
+                vpp_session.detect_mult,
+            )
+        )
         self.cli_verify_no_response(cli_add_cmd)
         # 2nd add should fail
         self.cli_verify_response(
             cli_add_cmd,
             "bfd udp session add: `bfd_add_add_session' API call"
-            " failed, rv=-101:Duplicate BFD object")
+            " failed, rv=-101:Duplicate BFD object",
+        )
         verify_bfd_session_config(self, vpp_session)
         mod_session = VppBFDUDPSession(
-            self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            self,
+            self.pg0,
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
             required_min_rx=2 * vpp_session.required_min_rx,
             desired_min_tx=3 * vpp_session.desired_min_tx,
-            detect_mult=4 * vpp_session.detect_mult)
+            detect_mult=4 * vpp_session.detect_mult,
+        )
         self.cli_verify_no_response(
             "bfd udp session mod interface %s local-addr %s peer-addr %s "
-            "desired-min-tx %s required-min-rx %s detect-mult %s" %
-            (self.pg0.name, self.pg0.local_ip4, self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-             mod_session.desired_min_tx, mod_session.required_min_rx,
-             mod_session.detect_mult))
+            "desired-min-tx %s required-min-rx %s detect-mult %s"
+            % (
+                self.pg0.name,
+                self.pg0.local_ip4,
+                self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                mod_session.desired_min_tx,
+                mod_session.required_min_rx,
+                mod_session.detect_mult,
+            )
+        )
         verify_bfd_session_config(self, mod_session)
-        cli_del_cmd = "bfd udp session del interface %s local-addr %s "\
-            "peer-addr %s" % (self.pg0.name,
-                              self.pg0.local_ip4, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        cli_del_cmd = (
+            "bfd udp session del interface %s local-addr %s "
+            "peer-addr %s" % (self.pg0.name, self.pg0.local_ip4, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        )
         self.cli_verify_no_response(cli_del_cmd)
         # 2nd del is expected to fail
         self.cli_verify_response(
-            cli_del_cmd, "bfd udp session del: `bfd_udp_del_session' API call"
-            " failed, rv=-102:No such BFD object")
+            cli_del_cmd,
+            "bfd udp session del: `bfd_udp_del_session' API call"
+            " failed, rv=-102:No such BFD object",
+        )
         self.assertFalse(vpp_session.query_vpp_config())
 
     def test_add_mod_del_bfd_udp6(self):
-        """ create/modify/delete IPv6 BFD UDP session """
-        vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(
-            self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip6, af=AF_INET6)
+        """create/modify/delete IPv6 BFD UDP session"""
+        vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip6, af=AF_INET6)
         self.registry.register(vpp_session, self.logger)
-        cli_add_cmd = "bfd udp session add interface %s local-addr %s " \
-            "peer-addr %s desired-min-tx %s required-min-rx %s "\
-            "detect-mult %s" % (self.pg0.name, self.pg0.local_ip6,
-                                self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                                vpp_session.desired_min_tx,
-                                vpp_session.required_min_rx,
-                                vpp_session.detect_mult)
+        cli_add_cmd = (
+            "bfd udp session add interface %s local-addr %s "
+            "peer-addr %s desired-min-tx %s required-min-rx %s "
+            "detect-mult %s"
+            % (
+                self.pg0.name,
+                self.pg0.local_ip6,
+                self.pg0.remote_ip6,
+                vpp_session.desired_min_tx,
+                vpp_session.required_min_rx,
+                vpp_session.detect_mult,
+            )
+        )
         self.cli_verify_no_response(cli_add_cmd)
         # 2nd add should fail
         self.cli_verify_response(
             cli_add_cmd,
             "bfd udp session add: `bfd_add_add_session' API call"
-            " failed, rv=-101:Duplicate BFD object")
+            " failed, rv=-101:Duplicate BFD object",
+        )
         verify_bfd_session_config(self, vpp_session)
         mod_session = VppBFDUDPSession(
-            self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip6, af=AF_INET6,
+            self,
+            self.pg0,
+            self.pg0.remote_ip6,
+            af=AF_INET6,
             required_min_rx=2 * vpp_session.required_min_rx,
             desired_min_tx=3 * vpp_session.desired_min_tx,
-            detect_mult=4 * vpp_session.detect_mult)
+            detect_mult=4 * vpp_session.detect_mult,
+        )
         self.cli_verify_no_response(
             "bfd udp session mod interface %s local-addr %s peer-addr %s "
-            "desired-min-tx %s required-min-rx %s detect-mult %s" %
-            (self.pg0.name, self.pg0.local_ip6, self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-             mod_session.desired_min_tx,
-             mod_session.required_min_rx, mod_session.detect_mult))
+            "desired-min-tx %s required-min-rx %s detect-mult %s"
+            % (
+                self.pg0.name,
+                self.pg0.local_ip6,
+                self.pg0.remote_ip6,
+                mod_session.desired_min_tx,
+                mod_session.required_min_rx,
+                mod_session.detect_mult,
+            )
+        )
         verify_bfd_session_config(self, mod_session)
-        cli_del_cmd = "bfd udp session del interface %s local-addr %s "\
-            "peer-addr %s" % (self.pg0.name,
-                              self.pg0.local_ip6, self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+        cli_del_cmd = (
+            "bfd udp session del interface %s local-addr %s "
+            "peer-addr %s" % (self.pg0.name, self.pg0.local_ip6, self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+        )
         self.cli_verify_no_response(cli_del_cmd)
         # 2nd del is expected to fail
         self.cli_verify_response(
             cli_del_cmd,
             "bfd udp session del: `bfd_udp_del_session' API call"
-            " failed, rv=-102:No such BFD object")
+            " failed, rv=-102:No such BFD object",
+        )
         self.assertFalse(vpp_session.query_vpp_config())
 
     def test_add_mod_del_bfd_udp_auth(self):
-        """ create/modify/delete IPv4 BFD UDP session (authenticated) """
+        """create/modify/delete IPv4 BFD UDP session (authenticated)"""
         key = self.factory.create_random_key(self)
         key.add_vpp_config()
         vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(
-            self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4, sha1_key=key)
+            self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4, sha1_key=key
+        )
         self.registry.register(vpp_session, self.logger)
-        cli_add_cmd = "bfd udp session add interface %s local-addr %s " \
-            "peer-addr %s desired-min-tx %s required-min-rx %s "\
-            "detect-mult %s conf-key-id %s bfd-key-id %s"\
-            % (self.pg0.name, self.pg0.local_ip4, self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-               vpp_session.desired_min_tx, vpp_session.required_min_rx,
-               vpp_session.detect_mult, key.conf_key_id,
-               vpp_session.bfd_key_id)
+        cli_add_cmd = (
+            "bfd udp session add interface %s local-addr %s "
+            "peer-addr %s desired-min-tx %s required-min-rx %s "
+            "detect-mult %s conf-key-id %s bfd-key-id %s"
+            % (
+                self.pg0.name,
+                self.pg0.local_ip4,
+                self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                vpp_session.desired_min_tx,
+                vpp_session.required_min_rx,
+                vpp_session.detect_mult,
+                key.conf_key_id,
+                vpp_session.bfd_key_id,
+            )
+        )
         self.cli_verify_no_response(cli_add_cmd)
         # 2nd add should fail
         self.cli_verify_response(
             cli_add_cmd,
             "bfd udp session add: `bfd_add_add_session' API call"
-            " failed, rv=-101:Duplicate BFD object")
+            " failed, rv=-101:Duplicate BFD object",
+        )
         verify_bfd_session_config(self, vpp_session)
         mod_session = VppBFDUDPSession(
-            self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4, sha1_key=key,
+            self,
+            self.pg0,
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            sha1_key=key,
             bfd_key_id=vpp_session.bfd_key_id,
             required_min_rx=2 * vpp_session.required_min_rx,
             desired_min_tx=3 * vpp_session.desired_min_tx,
-            detect_mult=4 * vpp_session.detect_mult)
+            detect_mult=4 * vpp_session.detect_mult,
+        )
         self.cli_verify_no_response(
             "bfd udp session mod interface %s local-addr %s peer-addr %s "
-            "desired-min-tx %s required-min-rx %s detect-mult %s" %
-            (self.pg0.name, self.pg0.local_ip4, self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-             mod_session.desired_min_tx,
-             mod_session.required_min_rx, mod_session.detect_mult))
+            "desired-min-tx %s required-min-rx %s detect-mult %s"
+            % (
+                self.pg0.name,
+                self.pg0.local_ip4,
+                self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                mod_session.desired_min_tx,
+                mod_session.required_min_rx,
+                mod_session.detect_mult,
+            )
+        )
         verify_bfd_session_config(self, mod_session)
-        cli_del_cmd = "bfd udp session del interface %s local-addr %s "\
-            "peer-addr %s" % (self.pg0.name,
-                              self.pg0.local_ip4, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        cli_del_cmd = (
+            "bfd udp session del interface %s local-addr %s "
+            "peer-addr %s" % (self.pg0.name, self.pg0.local_ip4, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        )
         self.cli_verify_no_response(cli_del_cmd)
         # 2nd del is expected to fail
         self.cli_verify_response(
             cli_del_cmd,
             "bfd udp session del: `bfd_udp_del_session' API call"
-            " failed, rv=-102:No such BFD object")
+            " failed, rv=-102:No such BFD object",
+        )
         self.assertFalse(vpp_session.query_vpp_config())
 
     def test_add_mod_del_bfd_udp6_auth(self):
-        """ create/modify/delete IPv6 BFD UDP session (authenticated) """
+        """create/modify/delete IPv6 BFD UDP session (authenticated)"""
         key = self.factory.create_random_key(
-            self, auth_type=BFDAuthType.meticulous_keyed_sha1)
+            self, auth_type=BFDAuthType.meticulous_keyed_sha1
+        )
         key.add_vpp_config()
         vpp_session = VppBFDUDPSession(
-            self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip6, af=AF_INET6, sha1_key=key)
+            self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip6, af=AF_INET6, sha1_key=key
+        )
         self.registry.register(vpp_session, self.logger)
-        cli_add_cmd = "bfd udp session add interface %s local-addr %s " \
-            "peer-addr %s desired-min-tx %s required-min-rx %s "\
-            "detect-mult %s conf-key-id %s bfd-key-id %s" \
-            % (self.pg0.name, self.pg0.local_ip6, self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-               vpp_session.desired_min_tx, vpp_session.required_min_rx,
-               vpp_session.detect_mult, key.conf_key_id,
-               vpp_session.bfd_key_id)
+        cli_add_cmd = (
+            "bfd udp session add interface %s local-addr %s "
+            "peer-addr %s desired-min-tx %s required-min-rx %s "
+            "detect-mult %s conf-key-id %s bfd-key-id %s"
+            % (
+                self.pg0.name,
+                self.pg0.local_ip6,
+                self.pg0.remote_ip6,
+                vpp_session.desired_min_tx,
+                vpp_session.required_min_rx,
+                vpp_session.detect_mult,
+                key.conf_key_id,
+                vpp_session.bfd_key_id,
+            )
+        )
         self.cli_verify_no_response(cli_add_cmd)
         # 2nd add should fail
         self.cli_verify_response(
             cli_add_cmd,
             "bfd udp session add: `bfd_add_add_session' API call"
-            " failed, rv=-101:Duplicate BFD object")
+            " failed, rv=-101:Duplicate BFD object",
+        )
         verify_bfd_session_config(self, vpp_session)
         mod_session = VppBFDUDPSession(
-            self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip6, af=AF_INET6, sha1_key=key,
+            self,
+            self.pg0,
+            self.pg0.remote_ip6,
+            af=AF_INET6,
+            sha1_key=key,
             bfd_key_id=vpp_session.bfd_key_id,
             required_min_rx=2 * vpp_session.required_min_rx,
             desired_min_tx=3 * vpp_session.desired_min_tx,
-            detect_mult=4 * vpp_session.detect_mult)
+            detect_mult=4 * vpp_session.detect_mult,
+        )
         self.cli_verify_no_response(
             "bfd udp session mod interface %s local-addr %s peer-addr %s "
-            "desired-min-tx %s required-min-rx %s detect-mult %s" %
-            (self.pg0.name, self.pg0.local_ip6, self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-             mod_session.desired_min_tx,
-             mod_session.required_min_rx, mod_session.detect_mult))
+            "desired-min-tx %s required-min-rx %s detect-mult %s"
+            % (
+                self.pg0.name,
+                self.pg0.local_ip6,
+                self.pg0.remote_ip6,
+                mod_session.desired_min_tx,
+                mod_session.required_min_rx,
+                mod_session.detect_mult,
+            )
+        )
         verify_bfd_session_config(self, mod_session)
-        cli_del_cmd = "bfd udp session del interface %s local-addr %s "\
-            "peer-addr %s" % (self.pg0.name,
-                              self.pg0.local_ip6, self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+        cli_del_cmd = (
+            "bfd udp session del interface %s local-addr %s "
+            "peer-addr %s" % (self.pg0.name, self.pg0.local_ip6, self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+        )
         self.cli_verify_no_response(cli_del_cmd)
         # 2nd del is expected to fail
         self.cli_verify_response(
             cli_del_cmd,
             "bfd udp session del: `bfd_udp_del_session' API call"
-            " failed, rv=-102:No such BFD object")
+            " failed, rv=-102:No such BFD object",
+        )
         self.assertFalse(vpp_session.query_vpp_config())
 
     def test_auth_on_off(self):
-        """ turn authentication on and off """
+        """turn authentication on and off"""
         key = self.factory.create_random_key(
-            self, auth_type=BFDAuthType.meticulous_keyed_sha1)
+            self, auth_type=BFDAuthType.meticulous_keyed_sha1
+        )
         key.add_vpp_config()
         session = VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
-        auth_session = VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                        sha1_key=key)
+        auth_session = VppBFDUDPSession(
+            self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4, sha1_key=key
+        )
         session.add_vpp_config()
-        cli_activate = \
-            "bfd udp session auth activate interface %s local-addr %s "\
-            "peer-addr %s conf-key-id %s bfd-key-id %s"\
-            % (self.pg0.name, self.pg0.local_ip4, self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-               key.conf_key_id, auth_session.bfd_key_id)
+        cli_activate = (
+            "bfd udp session auth activate interface %s local-addr %s "
+            "peer-addr %s conf-key-id %s bfd-key-id %s"
+            % (
+                self.pg0.name,
+                self.pg0.local_ip4,
+                self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                key.conf_key_id,
+                auth_session.bfd_key_id,
+            )
+        )
         self.cli_verify_no_response(cli_activate)
         verify_bfd_session_config(self, auth_session)
         self.cli_verify_no_response(cli_activate)
         verify_bfd_session_config(self, auth_session)
-        cli_deactivate = \
-            "bfd udp session auth deactivate interface %s local-addr %s "\
-            "peer-addr %s "\
-            % (self.pg0.name, self.pg0.local_ip4, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        cli_deactivate = (
+            "bfd udp session auth deactivate interface %s local-addr %s "
+            "peer-addr %s " % (self.pg0.name, self.pg0.local_ip4, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        )
         self.cli_verify_no_response(cli_deactivate)
         verify_bfd_session_config(self, session)
         self.cli_verify_no_response(cli_deactivate)
         verify_bfd_session_config(self, session)
 
     def test_auth_on_off_delayed(self):
-        """ turn authentication on and off (delayed) """
+        """turn authentication on and off (delayed)"""
         key = self.factory.create_random_key(
-            self, auth_type=BFDAuthType.meticulous_keyed_sha1)
+            self, auth_type=BFDAuthType.meticulous_keyed_sha1
+        )
         key.add_vpp_config()
         session = VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
-        auth_session = VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                        sha1_key=key)
+        auth_session = VppBFDUDPSession(
+            self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4, sha1_key=key
+        )
         session.add_vpp_config()
-        cli_activate = \
-            "bfd udp session auth activate interface %s local-addr %s "\
-            "peer-addr %s conf-key-id %s bfd-key-id %s delayed yes"\
-            % (self.pg0.name, self.pg0.local_ip4, self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-               key.conf_key_id, auth_session.bfd_key_id)
+        cli_activate = (
+            "bfd udp session auth activate interface %s local-addr %s "
+            "peer-addr %s conf-key-id %s bfd-key-id %s delayed yes"
+            % (
+                self.pg0.name,
+                self.pg0.local_ip4,
+                self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                key.conf_key_id,
+                auth_session.bfd_key_id,
+            )
+        )
         self.cli_verify_no_response(cli_activate)
         verify_bfd_session_config(self, auth_session)
         self.cli_verify_no_response(cli_activate)
         verify_bfd_session_config(self, auth_session)
-        cli_deactivate = \
-            "bfd udp session auth deactivate interface %s local-addr %s "\
-            "peer-addr %s delayed yes"\
+        cli_deactivate = (
+            "bfd udp session auth deactivate interface %s local-addr %s "
+            "peer-addr %s delayed yes"
             % (self.pg0.name, self.pg0.local_ip4, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        )
         self.cli_verify_no_response(cli_deactivate)
         verify_bfd_session_config(self, session)
         self.cli_verify_no_response(cli_deactivate)
         verify_bfd_session_config(self, session)
 
     def test_admin_up_down(self):
-        """ put session admin-up and admin-down """
+        """put session admin-up and admin-down"""
         session = VppBFDUDPSession(self, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
         session.add_vpp_config()
-        cli_down = \
-            "bfd udp session set-flags admin down interface %s local-addr %s "\
-            "peer-addr %s "\
-            % (self.pg0.name, self.pg0.local_ip4, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
-        cli_up = \
-            "bfd udp session set-flags admin up interface %s local-addr %s "\
-            "peer-addr %s "\
-            % (self.pg0.name, self.pg0.local_ip4, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        cli_down = (
+            "bfd udp session set-flags admin down interface %s local-addr %s "
+            "peer-addr %s " % (self.pg0.name, self.pg0.local_ip4, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        )
+        cli_up = (
+            "bfd udp session set-flags admin up interface %s local-addr %s "
+            "peer-addr %s " % (self.pg0.name, self.pg0.local_ip4, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        )
         self.cli_verify_no_response(cli_down)
         verify_bfd_session_config(self, session, state=BFDState.admin_down)
         self.cli_verify_no_response(cli_up)
         verify_bfd_session_config(self, session, state=BFDState.down)
 
     def test_set_del_udp_echo_source(self):
-        """ set/del udp echo source """
+        """set/del udp echo source"""
         self.create_loopback_interfaces(1)
         self.loopback0 = self.lo_interfaces[0]
         self.loopback0.admin_up()
-        self.cli_verify_response("show bfd echo-source",
-                                 "UDP echo source is not set.")
+        self.cli_verify_response("show bfd echo-source", "UDP echo source is not set.")
         cli_set = "bfd udp echo-source set interface %s" % self.loopback0.name
         self.cli_verify_no_response(cli_set)
-        self.cli_verify_response("show bfd echo-source",
-                                 "UDP echo source is: %s\n"
-                                 "IPv4 address usable as echo source: none\n"
-                                 "IPv6 address usable as echo source: none" %
-                                 self.loopback0.name)
+        self.cli_verify_response(
+            "show bfd echo-source",
+            "UDP echo source is: %s\n"
+            "IPv4 address usable as echo source: none\n"
+            "IPv6 address usable as echo source: none" % self.loopback0.name,
+        )
         self.loopback0.config_ip4()
-        echo_ip4 = str(ipaddress.IPv4Address(int(ipaddress.IPv4Address(
-            self.loopback0.local_ip4)) ^ 1))
-        self.cli_verify_response("show bfd echo-source",
-                                 "UDP echo source is: %s\n"
-                                 "IPv4 address usable as echo source: %s\n"
-                                 "IPv6 address usable as echo source: none" %
-                                 (self.loopback0.name, echo_ip4))
-        echo_ip6 = str(ipaddress.IPv6Address(int(ipaddress.IPv6Address(
-            self.loopback0.local_ip6)) ^ 1))
+        echo_ip4 = str(
+            ipaddress.IPv4Address(
+                int(ipaddress.IPv4Address(self.loopback0.local_ip4)) ^ 1
+            )
+        )
+        self.cli_verify_response(
+            "show bfd echo-source",
+            "UDP echo source is: %s\n"
+            "IPv4 address usable as echo source: %s\n"
+            "IPv6 address usable as echo source: none"
+            % (self.loopback0.name, echo_ip4),
+        )
+        echo_ip6 = str(
+            ipaddress.IPv6Address(
+                int(ipaddress.IPv6Address(self.loopback0.local_ip6)) ^ 1
+            )
+        )
         self.loopback0.config_ip6()
-        self.cli_verify_response("show bfd echo-source",
-                                 "UDP echo source is: %s\n"
-                                 "IPv4 address usable as echo source: %s\n"
-                                 "IPv6 address usable as echo source: %s" %
-                                 (self.loopback0.name, echo_ip4, echo_ip6))
+        self.cli_verify_response(
+            "show bfd echo-source",
+            "UDP echo source is: %s\n"
+            "IPv4 address usable as echo source: %s\n"
+            "IPv6 address usable as echo source: %s"
+            % (self.loopback0.name, echo_ip4, echo_ip6),
+        )
         cli_del = "bfd udp echo-source del"
         self.cli_verify_no_response(cli_del)
-        self.cli_verify_response("show bfd echo-source",
-                                 "UDP echo source is not set.")
+        self.cli_verify_response("show bfd echo-source", "UDP echo source is not set.")
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_bier.py b/test/test_bier.py
index 7dd6a30f34b..f58449ef4c3 100644
--- a/test/test_bier.py
+++ b/test/test_bier.py
@@ -5,12 +5,27 @@ import unittest
 from config import config
 from framework import VppTestCase, VppTestRunner
 from vpp_ip import DpoProto
-from vpp_ip_route import VppIpRoute, VppRoutePath, \
-    VppMplsTable, VppIpMRoute, VppMRoutePath, VppIpTable, \
-    MPLS_LABEL_INVALID, \
-    VppMplsLabel, FibPathProto, FibPathType
-from vpp_bier import BIER_HDR_PAYLOAD, VppBierImp, VppBierDispEntry, \
-    VppBierDispTable, VppBierTable, VppBierTableID, VppBierRoute
+from vpp_ip_route import (
+    VppIpRoute,
+    VppRoutePath,
+    VppMplsTable,
+    VppIpMRoute,
+    VppMRoutePath,
+    VppIpTable,
+    MPLS_LABEL_INVALID,
+    VppMplsLabel,
+    FibPathProto,
+    FibPathType,
+)
+from vpp_bier import (
+    BIER_HDR_PAYLOAD,
+    VppBierImp,
+    VppBierDispEntry,
+    VppBierDispTable,
+    VppBierTable,
+    VppBierTableID,
+    VppBierRoute,
+)
 from vpp_udp_encap import VppUdpEncap
 from vpp_papi import VppEnum
 
@@ -26,10 +41,10 @@ NUM_PKTS = 67
 
 
 class TestBFIB(VppTestCase):
-    """ BIER FIB Test Case """
+    """BIER FIB Test Case"""
 
     def test_bfib(self):
-        """ BFIB Unit Tests """
+        """BFIB Unit Tests"""
         error = self.vapi.cli("test bier")
 
         if error:
@@ -38,7 +53,7 @@ class TestBFIB(VppTestCase):
 
 
 class TestBier(VppTestCase):
-    """ BIER Test Case """
+    """BIER Test Case"""
 
     def setUp(self):
         super(TestBier, self).setUp()
@@ -86,16 +101,17 @@ class TestBier(VppTestCase):
         #
         # A packet with no bits set gets dropped
         #
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             MPLS(label=77, ttl=255) /
-             BIER(length=hdr_len_id) /
-             IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw())
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / MPLS(label=77, ttl=255)
+            / BIER(length=hdr_len_id)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw()
+        )
         pkts = [p]
 
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, pkts,
-                                        "Empty Bit-String")
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, pkts, "Empty Bit-String")
 
         #
         # Add a BIER route for each bit-position in the table via a different
@@ -104,19 +120,32 @@ class TestBier(VppTestCase):
         #
         nh_routes = []
         bier_routes = []
-        for i in range(1, max_bp+1):
+        for i in range(1, max_bp + 1):
             nh = "10.0.%d.%d" % (i / 255, i % 255)
             nh_routes.append(
-                VppIpRoute(self, nh, 32,
-                           [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                         self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                         labels=[VppMplsLabel(2000+i)])]))
+                VppIpRoute(
+                    self,
+                    nh,
+                    32,
+                    [
+                        VppRoutePath(
+                            self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+                            self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+                            labels=[VppMplsLabel(2000 + i)],
+                        )
+                    ],
+                )
+            )
             nh_routes[-1].add_vpp_config()
 
             bier_routes.append(
-                VppBierRoute(self, bti, i,
-                             [VppRoutePath(nh, 0xffffffff,
-                                           labels=[VppMplsLabel(100+i)])]))
+                VppBierRoute(
+                    self,
+                    bti,
+                    i,
+                    [VppRoutePath(nh, 0xFFFFFFFF, labels=[VppMplsLabel(100 + i)])],
+                )
+            )
             bier_routes[-1].add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -125,13 +154,14 @@ class TestBier(VppTestCase):
         pkt_sizes = [64, 1400]
 
         for pkt_size in pkt_sizes:
-            p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                 MPLS(label=77, ttl=255) /
-                 BIER(length=hdr_len_id,
-                      BitString=scapy.compat.chb(255)*n_bytes) /
-                 IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(scapy.compat.chb(5) * pkt_size))
+            p = (
+                Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+                / MPLS(label=77, ttl=255)
+                / BIER(length=hdr_len_id, BitString=scapy.compat.chb(255) * n_bytes)
+                / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(scapy.compat.chb(5) * pkt_size)
+            )
             pkts = p
 
             self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
@@ -150,7 +180,7 @@ class TestBier(VppTestCase):
                 bp = olabel.label - 2000
 
                 blabel = olabel[MPLS].payload
-                self.assertEqual(blabel.label, 100+bp)
+                self.assertEqual(blabel.label, 100 + bp)
                 self.assertEqual(blabel.ttl, 254)
 
                 bier_hdr = blabel[MPLS].payload
@@ -165,11 +195,11 @@ class TestBier(VppTestCase):
                 self.assertEqual(bier_hdr.Proto, 5)
 
                 # The bit-string should consist only of the BP given by i.
-                byte_array = [b'\0'] * (n_bytes)
+                byte_array = [b"\0"] * (n_bytes)
                 byte_val = scapy.compat.chb(1 << (bp - 1) % 8)
                 byte_pos = n_bytes - (((bp - 1) // 8) + 1)
                 byte_array[byte_pos] = byte_val
-                bitstring = b''.join(byte_array)
+                bitstring = b"".join(byte_array)
 
                 self.assertEqual(len(bitstring), len(bier_hdr.BitString))
                 self.assertEqual(bitstring, bier_hdr.BitString)
@@ -223,39 +253,55 @@ class TestBier(VppTestCase):
         #
         pkts = []
         for ii in range(257):
-            pkts.append((Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                               src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                         MPLS(label=77, ttl=255) /
-                         BIER(length=BIERLength.BIER_LEN_64,
-                              entropy=ii,
-                              BitString=scapy.compat.chb(255)*16) /
-                         IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                              dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6) /
-                         UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                         Raw()))
+            pkts.append(
+                (
+                    Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+                    / MPLS(label=77, ttl=255)
+                    / BIER(
+                        length=BIERLength.BIER_LEN_64,
+                        entropy=ii,
+                        BitString=scapy.compat.chb(255) * 16,
+                    )
+                    / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+                    / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                    / Raw()
+                )
+            )
 
         #
         # 4 next hops
         #
-        nhs = [{'ip': "10.0.0.1", 'label': 201},
-               {'ip': "10.0.0.2", 'label': 202},
-               {'ip': "10.0.0.3", 'label': 203},
-               {'ip': "10.0.0.4", 'label': 204}]
+        nhs = [
+            {"ip": "10.0.0.1", "label": 201},
+            {"ip": "10.0.0.2", "label": 202},
+            {"ip": "10.0.0.3", "label": 203},
+            {"ip": "10.0.0.4", "label": 204},
+        ]
 
         for nh in nhs:
             ipr = VppIpRoute(
-                self, nh['ip'], 32,
-                [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                              self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                              labels=[VppMplsLabel(nh['label'])])])
+                self,
+                nh["ip"],
+                32,
+                [
+                    VppRoutePath(
+                        self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+                        self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+                        labels=[VppMplsLabel(nh["label"])],
+                    )
+                ],
+            )
             ipr.add_vpp_config()
 
         bier_route = VppBierRoute(
-            self, bti, 1,
-            [VppRoutePath(nhs[0]['ip'], 0xffffffff,
-                          labels=[VppMplsLabel(101)]),
-             VppRoutePath(nhs[1]['ip'], 0xffffffff,
-                          labels=[VppMplsLabel(101)])])
+            self,
+            bti,
+            1,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(nhs[0]["ip"], 0xFFFFFFFF, labels=[VppMplsLabel(101)]),
+                VppRoutePath(nhs[1]["ip"], 0xFFFFFFFF, labels=[VppMplsLabel(101)]),
+            ],
+        )
         bier_route.add_vpp_config()
 
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, pkts, self.pg1)
@@ -264,37 +310,38 @@ class TestBier(VppTestCase):
         # we should have recieved a packet from each neighbor
         #
         for nh in nhs[:2]:
-            self.assertTrue(sum(p[MPLS].label == nh['label'] for p in rx))
+            self.assertTrue(sum(p[MPLS].label == nh["label"] for p in rx))
 
         #
         # add the other paths
         #
         bier_route.update_paths(
-            [VppRoutePath(nhs[0]['ip'], 0xffffffff,
-                          labels=[VppMplsLabel(101)]),
-             VppRoutePath(nhs[1]['ip'], 0xffffffff,
-                          labels=[VppMplsLabel(101)]),
-             VppRoutePath(nhs[2]['ip'], 0xffffffff,
-                          labels=[VppMplsLabel(101)]),
-             VppRoutePath(nhs[3]['ip'], 0xffffffff,
-                          labels=[VppMplsLabel(101)])])
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(nhs[0]["ip"], 0xFFFFFFFF, labels=[VppMplsLabel(101)]),
+                VppRoutePath(nhs[1]["ip"], 0xFFFFFFFF, labels=[VppMplsLabel(101)]),
+                VppRoutePath(nhs[2]["ip"], 0xFFFFFFFF, labels=[VppMplsLabel(101)]),
+                VppRoutePath(nhs[3]["ip"], 0xFFFFFFFF, labels=[VppMplsLabel(101)]),
+            ]
+        )
 
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, pkts, self.pg1)
 
         for nh in nhs:
-            self.assertTrue(sum(p[MPLS].label == nh['label'] for p in rx))
+            self.assertTrue(sum(p[MPLS].label == nh["label"] for p in rx))
 
         #
         # remove first two paths
         #
-        bier_route.remove_path(VppRoutePath(nhs[0]['ip'], 0xffffffff,
-                                            labels=[VppMplsLabel(101)]))
-        bier_route.remove_path(VppRoutePath(nhs[1]['ip'], 0xffffffff,
-                                            labels=[VppMplsLabel(101)]))
+        bier_route.remove_path(
+            VppRoutePath(nhs[0]["ip"], 0xFFFFFFFF, labels=[VppMplsLabel(101)])
+        )
+        bier_route.remove_path(
+            VppRoutePath(nhs[1]["ip"], 0xFFFFFFFF, labels=[VppMplsLabel(101)])
+        )
 
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, pkts, self.pg1)
         for nh in nhs[2:]:
-            self.assertTrue(sum(p[MPLS].label == nh['label'] for p in rx))
+            self.assertTrue(sum(p[MPLS].label == nh["label"] for p in rx))
 
         #
         # remove the last of the paths, deleteing the entry
@@ -321,23 +368,39 @@ class TestBier(VppTestCase):
         #
         nh1 = "10.0.0.1"
         nh2 = "10.0.0.2"
-        ip_route_1 = VppIpRoute(self, nh1, 32,
-                                [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                              self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                              labels=[VppMplsLabel(2001)])])
-        ip_route_2 = VppIpRoute(self, nh2, 32,
-                                [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                              self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                              labels=[VppMplsLabel(2002)])])
+        ip_route_1 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            nh1,
+            32,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+                    self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+                    labels=[VppMplsLabel(2001)],
+                )
+            ],
+        )
+        ip_route_2 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            nh2,
+            32,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+                    self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+                    labels=[VppMplsLabel(2002)],
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         ip_route_1.add_vpp_config()
         ip_route_2.add_vpp_config()
 
-        bier_route_1 = VppBierRoute(self, bti, 1,
-                                    [VppRoutePath(nh1, 0xffffffff,
-                                                  labels=[VppMplsLabel(101)])])
-        bier_route_2 = VppBierRoute(self, bti, 2,
-                                    [VppRoutePath(nh2, 0xffffffff,
-                                                  labels=[VppMplsLabel(102)])])
+        bier_route_1 = VppBierRoute(
+            self, bti, 1, [VppRoutePath(nh1, 0xFFFFFFFF, labels=[VppMplsLabel(101)])]
+        )
+        bier_route_2 = VppBierRoute(
+            self, bti, 2, [VppRoutePath(nh2, 0xFFFFFFFF, labels=[VppMplsLabel(102)])]
+        )
         bier_route_1.add_vpp_config()
         bier_route_2.add_vpp_config()
 
@@ -353,25 +416,33 @@ class TestBier(VppTestCase):
         route_ing_232_1_1_1 = VppIpMRoute(
             self,
             "0.0.0.0",
-            "232.1.1.1", 32,
+            "232.1.1.1",
+            32,
             MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE,
-            paths=[VppMRoutePath(self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                 MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT),
-                   VppMRoutePath(0xffffffff,
-                                 MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
-                                 proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_BIER,
-                                 type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_BIER_IMP,
-                                 bier_imp=bi.bi_index)])
+            paths=[
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT
+                ),
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    0xFFFFFFFF,
+                    MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
+                    proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_BIER,
+                    type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_BIER_IMP,
+                    bier_imp=bi.bi_index,
+                ),
+            ],
+        )
         route_ing_232_1_1_1.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # inject an IP packet. We expect it to be BIER encapped and
         # replicated.
         #
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                   src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="232.1.1.1") /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="232.1.1.1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+        )
 
         self.pg0.add_stream([p])
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -425,20 +496,33 @@ class TestBier(VppTestCase):
         # BIER route in table that's for-us
         #
         bier_route_1 = VppBierRoute(
-            self, bti, 1,
-            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                          0xffffffff,
-                          proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_BIER,
-                          nh_table_id=8)])
+            self,
+            bti,
+            1,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "0.0.0.0",
+                    0xFFFFFFFF,
+                    proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_BIER,
+                    nh_table_id=8,
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         bier_route_1.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # An entry in the disposition table
         #
-        bier_de_1 = VppBierDispEntry(self, bdt.id, 99,
-                                     BIER_HDR_PAYLOAD.BIER_HDR_PROTO_IPV4,
-                                     FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_BIER,
-                                     "0.0.0.0", 0, rpf_id=8192)
+        bier_de_1 = VppBierDispEntry(
+            self,
+            bdt.id,
+            99,
+            BIER_HDR_PAYLOAD.BIER_HDR_PROTO_IPV4,
+            FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_BIER,
+            "0.0.0.0",
+            0,
+            rpf_id=8192,
+        )
         bier_de_1.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -447,48 +531,68 @@ class TestBier(VppTestCase):
         route_eg_232_1_1_1 = VppIpMRoute(
             self,
             "0.0.0.0",
-            "232.1.1.1", 32,
+            "232.1.1.1",
+            32,
             MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE,
-            paths=[VppMRoutePath(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                 MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD)])
+            paths=[
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg1.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route_eg_232_1_1_1.add_vpp_config()
         route_eg_232_1_1_1.update_rpf_id(8192)
 
         #
         # A packet with all bits set gets spat out to BP:1
         #
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             MPLS(label=77, ttl=255) /
-             BIER(length=BIERLength.BIER_LEN_256,
-                  BitString=scapy.compat.chb(255)*32,
-                  BFRID=99) /
-             IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="232.1.1.1") /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw())
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / MPLS(label=77, ttl=255)
+            / BIER(
+                length=BIERLength.BIER_LEN_256,
+                BitString=scapy.compat.chb(255) * 32,
+                BFRID=99,
+            )
+            / IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="232.1.1.1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw()
+        )
 
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p], self.pg1)
 
         #
         # A packet that does not match the Disposition entry gets dropped
         #
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             MPLS(label=77, ttl=255) /
-             BIER(length=BIERLength.BIER_LEN_256,
-                  BitString=scapy.compat.chb(255)*32,
-                  BFRID=77) /
-             IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="232.1.1.1") /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw())
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p*2,
-                                        "no matching disposition entry")
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / MPLS(label=77, ttl=255)
+            / BIER(
+                length=BIERLength.BIER_LEN_256,
+                BitString=scapy.compat.chb(255) * 32,
+                BFRID=77,
+            )
+            / IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="232.1.1.1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw()
+        )
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
+            self.pg0, p * 2, "no matching disposition entry"
+        )
 
         #
         # Add the default route to the disposition table
         #
-        bier_de_2 = VppBierDispEntry(self, bdt.id, 0,
-                                     BIER_HDR_PAYLOAD.BIER_HDR_PROTO_IPV4,
-                                     FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_BIER,
-                                     "0.0.0.0", 0, rpf_id=8192)
+        bier_de_2 = VppBierDispEntry(
+            self,
+            bdt.id,
+            0,
+            BIER_HDR_PAYLOAD.BIER_HDR_PROTO_IPV4,
+            FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_BIER,
+            "0.0.0.0",
+            0,
+            rpf_id=8192,
+        )
         bier_de_2.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -506,30 +610,41 @@ class TestBier(VppTestCase):
         route_eg_232_1_1_2 = VppIpMRoute(
             self,
             "0.0.0.0",
-            "232.1.1.2", 32,
+            "232.1.1.2",
+            32,
             MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE,
-            paths=[VppMRoutePath(0xffffffff,
-                                 MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
-                                 proto=DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_BIER,
-                                 type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_BIER_IMP,
-                                 bier_imp=bi.bi_index),
-                   VppMRoutePath(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                 MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD)])
+            paths=[
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    0xFFFFFFFF,
+                    MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
+                    proto=DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_BIER,
+                    type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_BIER_IMP,
+                    bier_imp=bi.bi_index,
+                ),
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg1.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD
+                ),
+            ],
+        )
         route_eg_232_1_1_2.add_vpp_config()
         route_eg_232_1_1_2.update_rpf_id(8192)
 
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             MPLS(label=77, ttl=255) /
-             BIER(length=BIERLength.BIER_LEN_256,
-                  BitString=scapy.compat.chb(255)*32,
-                  BFRID=77) /
-             IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="232.1.1.2") /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw())
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / MPLS(label=77, ttl=255)
+            / BIER(
+                length=BIERLength.BIER_LEN_256,
+                BitString=scapy.compat.chb(255) * 32,
+                BFRID=77,
+            )
+            / IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="232.1.1.2")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw()
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p], self.pg1)
 
     def bier_e2e(self, hdr_len_id, n_bytes, max_bp):
-        """ BIER end-to-end"""
+        """BIER end-to-end"""
 
         MRouteItfFlags = VppEnum.vl_api_mfib_itf_flags_t
         MRouteEntryFlags = VppEnum.vl_api_mfib_entry_flags_t
@@ -541,9 +656,9 @@ class TestBier(VppTestCase):
         bt = VppBierTable(self, bti, 77)
         bt.add_vpp_config()
 
-        lowest = [b'\0'] * (n_bytes)
+        lowest = [b"\0"] * (n_bytes)
         lowest[-1] = scapy.compat.chb(1)
-        highest = [b'\0'] * (n_bytes)
+        highest = [b"\0"] * (n_bytes)
         highest[0] = scapy.compat.chb(128)
 
         #
@@ -560,28 +675,42 @@ class TestBier(VppTestCase):
         route_ing_232_1_1_1 = VppIpMRoute(
             self,
             "0.0.0.0",
-            "232.1.1.1", 32,
+            "232.1.1.1",
+            32,
             MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE,
-            paths=[VppMRoutePath(self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                 MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT),
-                   VppMRoutePath(0xffffffff,
-                                 MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
-                                 proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_BIER,
-                                 type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_BIER_IMP,
-                                 bier_imp=bi_low.bi_index)])
+            paths=[
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT
+                ),
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    0xFFFFFFFF,
+                    MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
+                    proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_BIER,
+                    type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_BIER_IMP,
+                    bier_imp=bi_low.bi_index,
+                ),
+            ],
+        )
         route_ing_232_1_1_1.add_vpp_config()
         route_ing_232_1_1_2 = VppIpMRoute(
             self,
             "0.0.0.0",
-            "232.1.1.2", 32,
+            "232.1.1.2",
+            32,
             MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE,
-            paths=[VppMRoutePath(self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                 MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT),
-                   VppMRoutePath(0xffffffff,
-                                 MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
-                                 proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_BIER,
-                                 type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_BIER_IMP,
-                                 bier_imp=bi_high.bi_index)])
+            paths=[
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT
+                ),
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    0xFFFFFFFF,
+                    MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
+                    proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_BIER,
+                    type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_BIER_IMP,
+                    bier_imp=bi_high.bi_index,
+                ),
+            ],
+        )
         route_ing_232_1_1_2.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -595,33 +724,59 @@ class TestBier(VppTestCase):
         # disp table 8.
         #
         bier_route_1 = VppBierRoute(
-            self, bti, 1,
-            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                          0xffffffff,
-                          proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_BIER,
-                          nh_table_id=8)])
+            self,
+            bti,
+            1,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "0.0.0.0",
+                    0xFFFFFFFF,
+                    proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_BIER,
+                    nh_table_id=8,
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         bier_route_1.add_vpp_config()
         bier_route_max = VppBierRoute(
-            self, bti, max_bp,
-            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                          0xffffffff,
-                          proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_BIER,
-                          nh_table_id=8)])
+            self,
+            bti,
+            max_bp,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "0.0.0.0",
+                    0xFFFFFFFF,
+                    proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_BIER,
+                    nh_table_id=8,
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         bier_route_max.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # An entry in the disposition table for sender 333
         #  lookup in VRF 10
         #
-        bier_de_1 = VppBierDispEntry(self, bdt.id, 333,
-                                     BIER_HDR_PAYLOAD.BIER_HDR_PROTO_IPV4,
-                                     FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_BIER,
-                                     "0.0.0.0", 10, rpf_id=8192)
+        bier_de_1 = VppBierDispEntry(
+            self,
+            bdt.id,
+            333,
+            BIER_HDR_PAYLOAD.BIER_HDR_PROTO_IPV4,
+            FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_BIER,
+            "0.0.0.0",
+            10,
+            rpf_id=8192,
+        )
         bier_de_1.add_vpp_config()
-        bier_de_1 = VppBierDispEntry(self, bdt.id, 334,
-                                     BIER_HDR_PAYLOAD.BIER_HDR_PROTO_IPV4,
-                                     FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_BIER,
-                                     "0.0.0.0", 10, rpf_id=8193)
+        bier_de_1 = VppBierDispEntry(
+            self,
+            bdt.id,
+            334,
+            BIER_HDR_PAYLOAD.BIER_HDR_PROTO_IPV4,
+            FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_BIER,
+            "0.0.0.0",
+            10,
+            rpf_id=8193,
+        )
         bier_de_1.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -631,21 +786,31 @@ class TestBier(VppTestCase):
         route_eg_232_1_1_1 = VppIpMRoute(
             self,
             "0.0.0.0",
-            "232.1.1.1", 32,
+            "232.1.1.1",
+            32,
             MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE,
             table_id=10,
-            paths=[VppMRoutePath(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                 MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD)])
+            paths=[
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg1.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route_eg_232_1_1_1.add_vpp_config()
         route_eg_232_1_1_1.update_rpf_id(8192)
         route_eg_232_1_1_2 = VppIpMRoute(
             self,
             "0.0.0.0",
-            "232.1.1.2", 32,
+            "232.1.1.2",
+            32,
             MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE,
             table_id=10,
-            paths=[VppMRoutePath(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                 MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD)])
+            paths=[
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg1.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route_eg_232_1_1_2.add_vpp_config()
         route_eg_232_1_1_2.update_rpf_id(8193)
 
@@ -654,49 +819,51 @@ class TestBier(VppTestCase):
         # replicated, then hit the disposition and be forwarded
         # out of VRF 10, i.e. on pg1
         #
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                   src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="232.1.1.1") /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(scapy.compat.chb(5) * 32))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="232.1.1.1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(scapy.compat.chb(5) * 32)
+        )
 
-        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p*NUM_PKTS, self.pg1)
+        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * NUM_PKTS, self.pg1)
 
         self.assertEqual(rx[0][IP].src, "1.1.1.1")
         self.assertEqual(rx[0][IP].dst, "232.1.1.1")
 
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                   src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="232.1.1.2") /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(scapy.compat.chb(5) * 512))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="232.1.1.2")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(scapy.compat.chb(5) * 512)
+        )
 
-        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p*NUM_PKTS, self.pg1)
+        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * NUM_PKTS, self.pg1)
         self.assertEqual(rx[0][IP].src, "1.1.1.1")
         self.assertEqual(rx[0][IP].dst, "232.1.1.2")
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
     def test_bier_e2e_1024(self):
-        """ BIER end-to-end BSL:1024"""
+        """BIER end-to-end BSL:1024"""
         self.bier_e2e(BIERLength.BIER_LEN_1024, 128, 1024)
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
     def test_bier_e2e_512(self):
-        """ BIER end-to-end BSL:512"""
+        """BIER end-to-end BSL:512"""
         self.bier_e2e(BIERLength.BIER_LEN_512, 64, 512)
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
     def test_bier_e2e_256(self):
-        """ BIER end-to-end BSL:256"""
+        """BIER end-to-end BSL:256"""
         self.bier_e2e(BIERLength.BIER_LEN_256, 32, 256)
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
     def test_bier_e2e_128(self):
-        """ BIER end-to-end BSL:128"""
+        """BIER end-to-end BSL:128"""
         self.bier_e2e(BIERLength.BIER_LEN_128, 16, 128)
 
     def test_bier_e2e_64(self):
-        """ BIER end-to-end BSL:64"""
+        """BIER end-to-end BSL:64"""
         self.bier_e2e(BIERLength.BIER_LEN_64, 8, 64)
 
     def test_bier_head_o_udp(self):
@@ -716,24 +883,36 @@ class TestBier(VppTestCase):
         # 1 bit positions via 1 next hops
         #
         nh1 = "10.0.0.1"
-        ip_route = VppIpRoute(self, nh1, 32,
-                              [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                            self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                            labels=[VppMplsLabel(2001)])])
+        ip_route = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            nh1,
+            32,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+                    self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+                    labels=[VppMplsLabel(2001)],
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         ip_route.add_vpp_config()
 
-        udp_encap = VppUdpEncap(self,
-                                self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                nh1,
-                                330, 8138)
+        udp_encap = VppUdpEncap(self, self.pg0.local_ip4, nh1, 330, 8138)
         udp_encap.add_vpp_config()
 
         bier_route = VppBierRoute(
-            self, bti, 1,
-            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                          0xFFFFFFFF,
-                          type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_UDP_ENCAP,
-                          next_hop_id=udp_encap.id)])
+            self,
+            bti,
+            1,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "0.0.0.0",
+                    0xFFFFFFFF,
+                    type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_UDP_ENCAP,
+                    next_hop_id=udp_encap.id,
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         bier_route.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -741,9 +920,9 @@ class TestBier(VppTestCase):
         # only use the second, but creating 2 tests with a non-zero
         # value index in the route add
         #
-        bi = VppBierImp(self, bti, 333, scapy.compat.chb(0xff) * 32)
+        bi = VppBierImp(self, bti, 333, scapy.compat.chb(0xFF) * 32)
         bi.add_vpp_config()
-        bi2 = VppBierImp(self, bti, 334, scapy.compat.chb(0xff) * 32)
+        bi2 = VppBierImp(self, bti, 334, scapy.compat.chb(0xFF) * 32)
         bi2.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -752,24 +931,32 @@ class TestBier(VppTestCase):
         route_ing_232_1_1_1 = VppIpMRoute(
             self,
             "0.0.0.0",
-            "232.1.1.1", 32,
+            "232.1.1.1",
+            32,
             MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE,
-            paths=[VppMRoutePath(self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                 MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT),
-                   VppMRoutePath(0xffffffff,
-                                 MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
-                                 proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_BIER,
-                                 type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_BIER_IMP,
-                                 bier_imp=bi2.bi_index)])
+            paths=[
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT
+                ),
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    0xFFFFFFFF,
+                    MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
+                    proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_BIER,
+                    type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_BIER_IMP,
+                    bier_imp=bi2.bi_index,
+                ),
+            ],
+        )
         route_ing_232_1_1_1.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # inject a packet an IP. We expect it to be BIER and UDP encapped,
         #
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                   src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="232.1.1.1") /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="232.1.1.1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+        )
 
         self.pg0.add_stream([p])
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -813,20 +1000,33 @@ class TestBier(VppTestCase):
         # BIER route in table that's for-us
         #
         bier_route_1 = VppBierRoute(
-            self, bti, 1,
-            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                          0xffffffff,
-                          proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_BIER,
-                          nh_table_id=8)])
+            self,
+            bti,
+            1,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "0.0.0.0",
+                    0xFFFFFFFF,
+                    proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_BIER,
+                    nh_table_id=8,
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         bier_route_1.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # An entry in the disposition table
         #
-        bier_de_1 = VppBierDispEntry(self, bdt.id, 99,
-                                     BIER_HDR_PAYLOAD.BIER_HDR_PROTO_IPV4,
-                                     FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_BIER,
-                                     "0.0.0.0", 0, rpf_id=8192)
+        bier_de_1 = VppBierDispEntry(
+            self,
+            bdt.id,
+            99,
+            BIER_HDR_PAYLOAD.BIER_HDR_PROTO_IPV4,
+            FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_BIER,
+            "0.0.0.0",
+            0,
+            rpf_id=8192,
+        )
         bier_de_1.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -835,29 +1035,38 @@ class TestBier(VppTestCase):
         route_eg_232_1_1_1 = VppIpMRoute(
             self,
             "0.0.0.0",
-            "232.1.1.1", 32,
+            "232.1.1.1",
+            32,
             MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE,
-            paths=[VppMRoutePath(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                 MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD)])
+            paths=[
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg1.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route_eg_232_1_1_1.add_vpp_config()
         route_eg_232_1_1_1.update_rpf_id(8192)
 
         #
         # A packet with all bits set gets spat out to BP:1
         #
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=333, dport=8138) /
-             BIFT(sd=1, set=0, bsl=2, ttl=255) /
-             BIER(length=BIERLength.BIER_LEN_256,
-                  BitString=scapy.compat.chb(255)*32,
-                  BFRID=99) /
-             IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="232.1.1.1") /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw())
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=333, dport=8138)
+            / BIFT(sd=1, set=0, bsl=2, ttl=255)
+            / BIER(
+                length=BIERLength.BIER_LEN_256,
+                BitString=scapy.compat.chb(255) * 32,
+                BFRID=99,
+            )
+            / IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="232.1.1.1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw()
+        )
 
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p], self.pg1)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_bihash.py b/test/test_bihash.py
index 32eb4ff3a21..b57485a3e9a 100644
--- a/test/test_bihash.py
+++ b/test/test_bihash.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from vpp_ip_route import VppIpTable, VppIpRoute, VppRoutePath
 
 
 class TestBihash(VppTestCase):
-    """ Bihash Test Cases """
+    """Bihash Test Cases"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -28,48 +28,54 @@ class TestBihash(VppTestCase):
         super(TestBihash, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_bihash_unittest(self):
-        """ Bihash Add/Del Test """
+        """Bihash Add/Del Test"""
         error = self.vapi.cli("test bihash careful 0 verbose 0")
 
         if error:
             self.logger.critical(error)
-            self.assertNotIn('failed', error)
+            self.assertNotIn("failed", error)
 
     def test_bihash_thread(self):
-        """ Bihash Thread Test """
+        """Bihash Thread Test"""
 
-        error = self.vapi.cli("test bihash threads 2 nbuckets" +
-                              " 64000 careful 0 verbose 0")
+        error = self.vapi.cli(
+            "test bihash threads 2 nbuckets" + " 64000 careful 0 verbose 0"
+        )
 
         if error:
             self.logger.critical(error)
-            self.assertNotIn('failed', error)
+            self.assertNotIn("failed", error)
 
     def test_bihash_vec64(self):
-        """ Bihash vec64 Test """
+        """Bihash vec64 Test"""
 
         error = self.vapi.cli("test bihash vec64")
 
         if error:
             self.logger.critical(error)
-            self.assertNotIn('failed', error)
+            self.assertNotIn("failed", error)
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.gcov, "part of code coverage tests")
     def test_bihash_coverage(self):
-        """ Improve Code Coverage """
+        """Improve Code Coverage"""
 
-        error = self.vapi.cli("test bihash nitems 10 ncycles 3" +
-                              "search 2 careful 1 verbose 2 non-random-keys")
+        error = self.vapi.cli(
+            "test bihash nitems 10 ncycles 3"
+            + "search 2 careful 1 verbose 2 non-random-keys"
+        )
 
         if error:
             self.logger.critical(error)
-            self.assertNotIn('failed', error)
+            self.assertNotIn("failed", error)
 
-        error = self.vapi.cli("test bihash nitems 10 nbuckets 1 ncycles 3" +
-                              "search 2 careful 1 verbose 2 non-random-keys")
+        error = self.vapi.cli(
+            "test bihash nitems 10 nbuckets 1 ncycles 3"
+            + "search 2 careful 1 verbose 2 non-random-keys"
+        )
         if error:
             self.logger.critical(error)
-            self.assertNotIn('failed', error)
+            self.assertNotIn("failed", error)
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_bond.py b/test/test_bond.py
index 5df86ae5b0f..159bae5fea0 100644
--- a/test/test_bond.py
+++ b/test/test_bond.py
@@ -13,15 +13,13 @@ from vpp_papi import MACAddress, VppEnum
 
 
 class TestBondInterface(VppTestCase):
-    """Bond Test Case
-
-    """
+    """Bond Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
         super(TestBondInterface, cls).setUpClass()
         # Test variables
-        cls.pkts_per_burst = 257    # Number of packets per burst
+        cls.pkts_per_burst = 257  # Number of packets per burst
         # create 3 pg interfaces
         cls.create_pg_interfaces(range(4))
 
@@ -46,7 +44,7 @@ class TestBondInterface(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli("show interface"))
 
     def test_bond_traffic(self):
-        """ Bond traffic test """
+        """Bond traffic test"""
 
         # topology
         #
@@ -69,12 +67,13 @@ class TestBondInterface(VppTestCase):
             lb=VppEnum.vl_api_bond_lb_algo_t.BOND_API_LB_ALGO_L34,
             numa_only=0,
             use_custom_mac=1,
-            mac_address=mac)
+            mac_address=mac,
+        )
         bond0.add_vpp_config()
         bond0.admin_up()
         self.vapi.sw_interface_add_del_address(
-            sw_if_index=bond0.sw_if_index,
-            prefix="10.10.10.1/24")
+            sw_if_index=bond0.sw_if_index, prefix="10.10.10.1/24"
+        )
 
         self.pg2.config_ip4()
         self.pg2.resolve_arp()
@@ -98,29 +97,39 @@ class TestBondInterface(VppTestCase):
 
         # generate a packet from pg2 -> BondEthernet0 -> pg1
         # BondEthernet0 TX hashes this packet to pg1
-        p2 = (Ether(src=bond0_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac) /
-              IP(src=self.pg2.local_ip4, dst="10.10.10.12") /
-              UDP(sport=1235, dport=1235) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p2 = (
+            Ether(src=bond0_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg2.local_ip4, dst="10.10.10.12")
+            / UDP(sport=1235, dport=1235)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
         self.pg2.add_stream(p2)
 
         # generate a packet from pg3 -> BondEthernet0 -> pg0
         # BondEthernet0 TX hashes this packet to pg0
         # notice the ip address and ports are different than p2 packet
-        p3 = (Ether(src=bond0_mac, dst=self.pg3.local_mac) /
-              IP(src=self.pg3.local_ip4, dst="10.10.10.11") /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p3 = (
+            Ether(src=bond0_mac, dst=self.pg3.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg3.local_ip4, dst="10.10.10.11")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
         self.pg3.add_stream(p3)
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
 
         # set up the static arp entries pointing to the BondEthernet0 interface
         # so that it does not try to resolve the ip address
-        self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli(
-            "set ip neighbor static BondEthernet0 10.10.10.12 abcd.abcd.0002"))
-        self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli(
-            "set ip neighbor static BondEthernet0 10.10.10.11 abcd.abcd.0004"))
+        self.logger.info(
+            self.vapi.cli(
+                "set ip neighbor static BondEthernet0 10.10.10.12 abcd.abcd.0002"
+            )
+        )
+        self.logger.info(
+            self.vapi.cli(
+                "set ip neighbor static BondEthernet0 10.10.10.11 abcd.abcd.0004"
+            )
+        )
 
         # clear the interface counters
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("clear interfaces"))
@@ -166,14 +175,13 @@ class TestBondInterface(VppTestCase):
         bond0.remove_vpp_config()
 
     def test_bond_add_member(self):
-        """ Bond add_member/detach member test """
+        """Bond add_member/detach member test"""
 
         # create interface (BondEthernet0) and set bond mode to LACP
         self.logger.info("create bond")
         bond0 = VppBondInterface(
-            self,
-            mode=VppEnum.vl_api_bond_mode_t.BOND_API_MODE_LACP,
-            enable_gso=0)
+            self, mode=VppEnum.vl_api_bond_mode_t.BOND_API_MODE_LACP, enable_gso=0
+        )
         bond0.add_vpp_config()
         bond0.admin_up()
 
@@ -187,15 +195,13 @@ class TestBondInterface(VppTestCase):
             # add_member pg0 and pg1 to BondEthernet0
             self.logger.info("bond add_member interface pg0 to BondEthernet0")
             bond0.add_member_vpp_bond_interface(
-                sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                is_passive=0,
-                is_long_timeout=0)
+                sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, is_passive=0, is_long_timeout=0
+            )
 
             self.logger.info("bond add_member interface pg1 to BondEthernet0")
             bond0.add_member_vpp_bond_interface(
-                sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                is_passive=0,
-                is_long_timeout=0)
+                sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_passive=0, is_long_timeout=0
+            )
             # verify both members in BondEthernet0
             if_dump = self.vapi.sw_member_interface_dump(bond0.sw_if_index)
             self.assertTrue(self.pg0.is_interface_config_in_dump(if_dump))
@@ -222,25 +228,27 @@ class TestBondInterface(VppTestCase):
         bond0.remove_vpp_config()
 
     def test_bond(self):
-        """ Bond add/delete interface test """
+        """Bond add/delete interface test"""
         self.logger.info("Bond add interfaces")
 
         # create interface 1 (BondEthernet0)
         bond0 = VppBondInterface(
-            self, mode=VppEnum.vl_api_bond_mode_t.BOND_API_MODE_LACP)
+            self, mode=VppEnum.vl_api_bond_mode_t.BOND_API_MODE_LACP
+        )
         bond0.add_vpp_config()
         bond0.admin_up()
 
         # create interface 2 (BondEthernet1)
         bond1 = VppBondInterface(
-            self, mode=VppEnum.vl_api_bond_mode_t.BOND_API_MODE_XOR)
+            self, mode=VppEnum.vl_api_bond_mode_t.BOND_API_MODE_XOR
+        )
         bond1.add_vpp_config()
         bond1.admin_up()
 
         # verify both interfaces in the show
         ifs = self.vapi.cli("show interface")
-        self.assertIn('BondEthernet0', ifs)
-        self.assertIn('BondEthernet1', ifs)
+        self.assertIn("BondEthernet0", ifs)
+        self.assertIn("BondEthernet1", ifs)
 
         # verify they are in the dump also
         if_dump = self.vapi.sw_bond_interface_dump(sw_if_index=0xFFFFFFFF)
@@ -255,10 +263,10 @@ class TestBondInterface(VppTestCase):
 
         ifs = self.vapi.cli("show interface")
         # verify BondEthernet0 still in the show
-        self.assertIn('BondEthernet0', ifs)
+        self.assertIn("BondEthernet0", ifs)
 
         # verify BondEthernet1 not in the show
-        self.assertNotIn('BondEthernet1', ifs)
+        self.assertNotIn("BondEthernet1", ifs)
 
         # verify BondEthernet1 is not in the dump
         if_dump = self.vapi.sw_bond_interface_dump(sw_if_index=0xFFFFFFFF)
@@ -275,15 +283,14 @@ class TestBondInterface(VppTestCase):
 
         # verify BondEthernet0 not in the show
         ifs = self.vapi.cli("show interface")
-        self.assertNotIn('BondEthernet0', ifs)
+        self.assertNotIn("BondEthernet0", ifs)
 
         # verify BondEthernet0 is not in the dump
-        if_dump = self.vapi.sw_bond_interface_dump(
-            sw_if_index=bond0.sw_if_index)
+        if_dump = self.vapi.sw_bond_interface_dump(sw_if_index=bond0.sw_if_index)
         self.assertFalse(bond0.is_interface_config_in_dump(if_dump))
 
     def test_bond_link(self):
-        """ Bond hw interface link state test """
+        """Bond hw interface link state test"""
 
         # for convenience
         bond_modes = VppEnum.vl_api_bond_mode_t
@@ -292,16 +299,17 @@ class TestBondInterface(VppTestCase):
         # create interface 1 (BondEthernet0)
         self.logger.info("Create bond interface")
         # use round-robin mode to avoid negotiation required by LACP
-        bond0 = VppBondInterface(self,
-                                 mode=bond_modes.BOND_API_MODE_ROUND_ROBIN)
+        bond0 = VppBondInterface(self, mode=bond_modes.BOND_API_MODE_ROUND_ROBIN)
         bond0.add_vpp_config()
 
         # set bond admin up.
         self.logger.info("set interface BondEthernet0 admin up")
         bond0.admin_up()
         # confirm link up
-        bond0.assert_interface_state(intf_flags.IF_STATUS_API_FLAG_ADMIN_UP,
-                                     intf_flags.IF_STATUS_API_FLAG_LINK_UP)
+        bond0.assert_interface_state(
+            intf_flags.IF_STATUS_API_FLAG_ADMIN_UP,
+            intf_flags.IF_STATUS_API_FLAG_LINK_UP,
+        )
 
         # toggle bond admin state
         self.logger.info("toggle interface BondEthernet0")
@@ -309,13 +317,15 @@ class TestBondInterface(VppTestCase):
         bond0.admin_up()
 
         # confirm link is still up
-        bond0.assert_interface_state(intf_flags.IF_STATUS_API_FLAG_ADMIN_UP,
-                                     intf_flags.IF_STATUS_API_FLAG_LINK_UP)
+        bond0.assert_interface_state(
+            intf_flags.IF_STATUS_API_FLAG_ADMIN_UP,
+            intf_flags.IF_STATUS_API_FLAG_LINK_UP,
+        )
 
         # delete BondEthernet0
         self.logger.info("Deleting BondEthernet0")
         bond0.remove_vpp_config()
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_buffers.py b/test/test_buffers.py
index f50f05c609a..01875526812 100644
--- a/test/test_buffers.py
+++ b/test/test_buffers.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from framework import VppTestCase
 
 
 class TestBuffers(VppTestCase):
-    """ Buffer C Unit Tests """
+    """Buffer C Unit Tests"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ class TestBuffers(VppTestCase):
         super(TestBuffers, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_linearize(self):
-        """ Chained Buffer Linearization """
+        """Chained Buffer Linearization"""
         error = self.vapi.cli("test chained-buffer-linearization")
 
         if error:
             self.logger.critical(error)
-            self.assertNotIn('failed', error)
+            self.assertNotIn("failed", error)
diff --git a/test/test_cdp.py b/test/test_cdp.py
index 46751e81d86..da378dbebe3 100644
--- a/test/test_cdp.py
+++ b/test/test_cdp.py
@@ -4,8 +4,13 @@
 from scapy.packet import Packet
 from scapy.all import ShortField, StrField
 from scapy.layers.l2 import Dot3, LLC, SNAP
-from scapy.contrib.cdp import CDPMsgDeviceID, CDPMsgSoftwareVersion, \
-        CDPMsgPlatform, CDPMsgPortID, CDPv2_HDR
+from scapy.contrib.cdp import (
+    CDPMsgDeviceID,
+    CDPMsgSoftwareVersion,
+    CDPMsgPlatform,
+    CDPMsgPortID,
+    CDPv2_HDR,
+)
 
 from framework import VppTestCase
 from scapy.all import raw
@@ -25,18 +30,17 @@ CDP test.
 
 
 class CustomTLV(Packet):
-    """ Custom TLV protocol layer for scapy """
+    """Custom TLV protocol layer for scapy"""
 
     fields_desc = [
         ShortField("type", 0),
         ShortField("length", 4),
-        StrField("value", "")
-
+        StrField("value", ""),
     ]
 
 
 class TestCDP(VppTestCase):
-    """ CDP Test Case """
+    """CDP Test Case"""
 
     nen_ptr = compile(r"not enabled")
     cdp_ptr = compile(r"^([-\.\w]+)\s+([-\.\w]+)\s+([-\.\w]+)\s+([-\.\w]+)$")
@@ -95,8 +99,9 @@ class TestCDP(VppTestCase):
         length = min(len(system), len(self.device_id))
 
         self.assert_equal(port, self.port_id, "CDP received invalid port id")
-        self.assert_equal(system[:length], self.device_id[:length],
-                          "CDP received invalid device id")
+        self.assert_equal(
+            system[:length], self.device_id[:length], "CDP received invalid device id"
+        )
 
     def test_cdp_underflow_tlv(self):
         self.send_bad_packet(3, ".")
@@ -109,7 +114,8 @@ class TestCDP(VppTestCase):
         self.send_packet(self.create_bad_packet(l, v))
 
         err = self.statistics.get_err_counter(
-            '/err/cdp-input/cdp packets with bad TLVs')
+            "/err/cdp-input/cdp packets with bad TLVs"
+        )
         self.assertTrue(err >= 1, "CDP didn't drop bad packet")
 
     def send_packet(self, packet):
@@ -118,29 +124,30 @@ class TestCDP(VppTestCase):
         self.pg_start()
 
     def create_base_packet(self):
-        packet = (Dot3(src=self.interface.remote_mac,
-                       dst="01:00:0c:cc:cc:cc") /
-                  LLC(dsap=0xaa, ssap=0xaa, ctrl=0x03) /
-                  SNAP()/CDPv2_HDR())
+        packet = (
+            Dot3(src=self.interface.remote_mac, dst="01:00:0c:cc:cc:cc")
+            / LLC(dsap=0xAA, ssap=0xAA, ctrl=0x03)
+            / SNAP()
+            / CDPv2_HDR()
+        )
         return packet
 
     def create_packet(self):
-        packet = (self.create_base_packet() /
-                  CDPMsgDeviceID(val=self.device_id) /
-                  CDPMsgSoftwareVersion(val=self.version) /
-                  CDPMsgPortID(iface=self.port_id) /
-                  CDPMsgPlatform(val=self.platform))
+        packet = (
+            self.create_base_packet()
+            / CDPMsgDeviceID(val=self.device_id)
+            / CDPMsgSoftwareVersion(val=self.version)
+            / CDPMsgPortID(iface=self.port_id)
+            / CDPMsgPlatform(val=self.platform)
+        )
         return packet
 
     def create_bad_packet(self, tl=4, tv=""):
-        packet = (self.create_base_packet() /
-                  CustomTLV(type=1,
-                            length=tl,
-                            value=tv))
+        packet = self.create_base_packet() / CustomTLV(type=1, length=tl, value=tv)
         return packet
 
     def process_cli(self, exp, ptr):
-        for line in self.vapi.cli(exp).split('\n')[1:]:
+        for line in self.vapi.cli(exp).split("\n")[1:]:
             m = ptr.match(line.strip())
             if m:
                 yield m.groups()
diff --git a/test/test_classifier.py b/test/test_classifier.py
index 9f0fdbf587a..068561230ea 100644
--- a/test/test_classifier.py
+++ b/test/test_classifier.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ from vpp_papi import VppEnum
 # Tests split to different test case classes because of issue reported in
 # ticket VPP-1336
 class TestClassifierIP(TestClassifier):
-    """ Classifier IP Test Case """
+    """Classifier IP Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class TestClassifierIP(TestClassifier):
         super(TestClassifierIP, cls).tearDownClass()
 
     def test_iacl_src_ip(self):
-        """ Source IP iACL test
+        """Source IP iACL test
 
         Test scenario for basic IP ACL with source IP
             - Create IPv4 stream for pg0 -> pg1 interface.
@@ -42,11 +42,11 @@ class TestClassifierIP(TestClassifier):
         pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes)
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
 
-        key = 'ip_src'
-        self.create_classify_table(key, self.build_ip_mask(src_ip='ffffffff'))
+        key = "ip_src"
+        self.create_classify_table(key, self.build_ip_mask(src_ip="ffffffff"))
         self.create_classify_session(
-            self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key),
-            self.build_ip_match(src_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip4))
+            self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key), self.build_ip_match(src_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        )
         self.input_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
         self.acl_active_table = key
 
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class TestClassifierIP(TestClassifier):
         self.pg3.assert_nothing_captured(remark="packets forwarded")
 
     def test_iacl_dst_ip(self):
-        """ Destination IP iACL test
+        """Destination IP iACL test
 
         Test scenario for basic IP ACL with destination IP
             - Create IPv4 stream for pg0 -> pg1 interface.
@@ -72,11 +72,11 @@ class TestClassifierIP(TestClassifier):
         pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes)
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
 
-        key = 'ip_dst'
-        self.create_classify_table(key, self.build_ip_mask(dst_ip='ffffffff'))
+        key = "ip_dst"
+        self.create_classify_table(key, self.build_ip_mask(dst_ip="ffffffff"))
         self.create_classify_session(
-            self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key),
-            self.build_ip_match(dst_ip=self.pg1.remote_ip4))
+            self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key), self.build_ip_match(dst_ip=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+        )
         self.input_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
         self.acl_active_table = key
 
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ class TestClassifierIP(TestClassifier):
         self.pg3.assert_nothing_captured(remark="packets forwarded")
 
     def test_iacl_src_dst_ip(self):
-        """ Source and destination IP iACL test
+        """Source and destination IP iACL test
 
         Test scenario for basic IP ACL with source and destination IP
             - Create IPv4 stream for pg0 -> pg1 interface.
@@ -102,13 +102,14 @@ class TestClassifierIP(TestClassifier):
         pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes)
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
 
-        key = 'ip'
+        key = "ip"
         self.create_classify_table(
-            key, self.build_ip_mask(src_ip='ffffffff', dst_ip='ffffffff'))
+            key, self.build_ip_mask(src_ip="ffffffff", dst_ip="ffffffff")
+        )
         self.create_classify_session(
             self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key),
-            self.build_ip_match(src_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                dst_ip=self.pg1.remote_ip4))
+            self.build_ip_match(src_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst_ip=self.pg1.remote_ip4),
+        )
         self.input_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
         self.acl_active_table = key
 
@@ -123,7 +124,7 @@ class TestClassifierIP(TestClassifier):
 
 
 class TestClassifierUDP(TestClassifier):
-    """ Classifier UDP proto Test Case """
+    """Classifier UDP proto Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -134,7 +135,7 @@ class TestClassifierUDP(TestClassifier):
         super(TestClassifierUDP, cls).tearDownClass()
 
     def test_iacl_proto_udp(self):
-        """ UDP protocol iACL test
+        """UDP protocol iACL test
 
         Test scenario for basic protocol ACL with UDP protocol
             - Create IPv4 stream for pg0 -> pg1 interface.
@@ -146,13 +147,12 @@ class TestClassifierUDP(TestClassifier):
         pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes)
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
 
-        key = 'proto_udp'
-        self.create_classify_table(key, self.build_ip_mask(proto='ff'))
+        key = "proto_udp"
+        self.create_classify_table(key, self.build_ip_mask(proto="ff"))
         self.create_classify_session(
-            self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key),
-            self.build_ip_match(proto=socket.IPPROTO_UDP))
-        self.input_acl_set_interface(
-            self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
+            self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key), self.build_ip_match(proto=socket.IPPROTO_UDP)
+        )
+        self.input_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
         self.acl_active_table = key
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ class TestClassifierUDP(TestClassifier):
         self.pg3.assert_nothing_captured(remark="packets forwarded")
 
     def test_iacl_proto_udp_sport(self):
-        """ UDP source port iACL test
+        """UDP source port iACL test
 
         Test scenario for basic protocol ACL with UDP and sport
             - Create IPv4 stream for pg0 -> pg1 interface.
@@ -175,18 +175,18 @@ class TestClassifierUDP(TestClassifier):
 
         # Basic iACL testing with UDP and sport
         sport = 38
-        pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
-                                  UDP(sport=sport, dport=5678))
+        pkts = self.create_stream(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes, UDP(sport=sport, dport=5678)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
 
-        key = 'proto_udp_sport'
-        self.create_classify_table(
-            key, self.build_ip_mask(proto='ff', src_port='ffff'))
+        key = "proto_udp_sport"
+        self.create_classify_table(key, self.build_ip_mask(proto="ff", src_port="ffff"))
         self.create_classify_session(
             self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key),
-            self.build_ip_match(proto=socket.IPPROTO_UDP, src_port=sport))
-        self.input_acl_set_interface(
-            self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
+            self.build_ip_match(proto=socket.IPPROTO_UDP, src_port=sport),
+        )
+        self.input_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
         self.acl_active_table = key
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ class TestClassifierUDP(TestClassifier):
         self.pg3.assert_nothing_captured(remark="packets forwarded")
 
     def test_iacl_proto_udp_dport(self):
-        """ UDP destination port iACL test
+        """UDP destination port iACL test
 
         Test scenario for basic protocol ACL with UDP and dport
             - Create IPv4 stream for pg0 -> pg1 interface.
@@ -209,18 +209,18 @@ class TestClassifierUDP(TestClassifier):
 
         # Basic iACL testing with UDP and dport
         dport = 427
-        pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
-                                  UDP(sport=1234, dport=dport))
+        pkts = self.create_stream(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes, UDP(sport=1234, dport=dport)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
 
-        key = 'proto_udp_dport'
-        self.create_classify_table(
-            key, self.build_ip_mask(proto='ff', dst_port='ffff'))
+        key = "proto_udp_dport"
+        self.create_classify_table(key, self.build_ip_mask(proto="ff", dst_port="ffff"))
         self.create_classify_session(
             self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key),
-            self.build_ip_match(proto=socket.IPPROTO_UDP, dst_port=dport))
-        self.input_acl_set_interface(
-            self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
+            self.build_ip_match(proto=socket.IPPROTO_UDP, dst_port=dport),
+        )
+        self.input_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
         self.acl_active_table = key
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ class TestClassifierUDP(TestClassifier):
         self.pg3.assert_nothing_captured(remark="packets forwarded")
 
     def test_iacl_proto_udp_sport_dport(self):
-        """ UDP source and destination ports iACL test
+        """UDP source and destination ports iACL test
 
         Test scenario for basic protocol ACL with UDP and sport and dport
             - Create IPv4 stream for pg0 -> pg1 interface.
@@ -244,20 +244,22 @@ class TestClassifierUDP(TestClassifier):
         # Basic iACL testing with UDP and sport and dport
         sport = 13720
         dport = 9080
-        pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
-                                  UDP(sport=sport, dport=dport))
+        pkts = self.create_stream(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes, UDP(sport=sport, dport=dport)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
 
-        key = 'proto_udp_ports'
+        key = "proto_udp_ports"
         self.create_classify_table(
-            key,
-            self.build_ip_mask(proto='ff', src_port='ffff', dst_port='ffff'))
+            key, self.build_ip_mask(proto="ff", src_port="ffff", dst_port="ffff")
+        )
         self.create_classify_session(
             self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key),
-            self.build_ip_match(proto=socket.IPPROTO_UDP, src_port=sport,
-                                dst_port=dport))
-        self.input_acl_set_interface(
-            self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
+            self.build_ip_match(
+                proto=socket.IPPROTO_UDP, src_port=sport, dst_port=dport
+            ),
+        )
+        self.input_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
         self.acl_active_table = key
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -271,7 +273,7 @@ class TestClassifierUDP(TestClassifier):
 
 
 class TestClassifierTCP(TestClassifier):
-    """ Classifier TCP proto Test Case """
+    """Classifier TCP proto Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -282,7 +284,7 @@ class TestClassifierTCP(TestClassifier):
         super(TestClassifierTCP, cls).tearDownClass()
 
     def test_iacl_proto_tcp(self):
-        """ TCP protocol iACL test
+        """TCP protocol iACL test
 
         Test scenario for basic protocol ACL with TCP protocol
             - Create IPv4 stream for pg0 -> pg1 interface.
@@ -291,17 +293,17 @@ class TestClassifierTCP(TestClassifier):
         """
 
         # Basic iACL testing with TCP protocol
-        pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
-                                  TCP(sport=1234, dport=5678))
+        pkts = self.create_stream(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes, TCP(sport=1234, dport=5678)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
 
-        key = 'proto_tcp'
-        self.create_classify_table(key, self.build_ip_mask(proto='ff'))
+        key = "proto_tcp"
+        self.create_classify_table(key, self.build_ip_mask(proto="ff"))
         self.create_classify_session(
-            self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key),
-            self.build_ip_match(proto=socket.IPPROTO_TCP))
-        self.input_acl_set_interface(
-            self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
+            self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key), self.build_ip_match(proto=socket.IPPROTO_TCP)
+        )
+        self.input_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
         self.acl_active_table = key
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -314,7 +316,7 @@ class TestClassifierTCP(TestClassifier):
         self.pg3.assert_nothing_captured(remark="packets forwarded")
 
     def test_iacl_proto_tcp_sport(self):
-        """ TCP source port iACL test
+        """TCP source port iACL test
 
         Test scenario for basic protocol ACL with TCP and sport
             - Create IPv4 stream for pg0 -> pg1 interface.
@@ -324,18 +326,18 @@ class TestClassifierTCP(TestClassifier):
 
         # Basic iACL testing with TCP and sport
         sport = 38
-        pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
-                                  TCP(sport=sport, dport=5678))
+        pkts = self.create_stream(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes, TCP(sport=sport, dport=5678)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
 
-        key = 'proto_tcp_sport'
-        self.create_classify_table(
-            key, self.build_ip_mask(proto='ff', src_port='ffff'))
+        key = "proto_tcp_sport"
+        self.create_classify_table(key, self.build_ip_mask(proto="ff", src_port="ffff"))
         self.create_classify_session(
             self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key),
-            self.build_ip_match(proto=socket.IPPROTO_TCP, src_port=sport))
-        self.input_acl_set_interface(
-            self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
+            self.build_ip_match(proto=socket.IPPROTO_TCP, src_port=sport),
+        )
+        self.input_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
         self.acl_active_table = key
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -348,7 +350,7 @@ class TestClassifierTCP(TestClassifier):
         self.pg3.assert_nothing_captured(remark="packets forwarded")
 
     def test_iacl_proto_tcp_dport(self):
-        """ TCP destination port iACL test
+        """TCP destination port iACL test
 
         Test scenario for basic protocol ACL with TCP and dport
             - Create IPv4 stream for pg0 -> pg1 interface.
@@ -358,18 +360,18 @@ class TestClassifierTCP(TestClassifier):
 
         # Basic iACL testing with TCP and dport
         dport = 427
-        pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
-                                  TCP(sport=1234, dport=dport))
+        pkts = self.create_stream(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes, TCP(sport=1234, dport=dport)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
 
-        key = 'proto_tcp_sport'
-        self.create_classify_table(
-            key, self.build_ip_mask(proto='ff', dst_port='ffff'))
+        key = "proto_tcp_sport"
+        self.create_classify_table(key, self.build_ip_mask(proto="ff", dst_port="ffff"))
         self.create_classify_session(
             self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key),
-            self.build_ip_match(proto=socket.IPPROTO_TCP, dst_port=dport))
-        self.input_acl_set_interface(
-            self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
+            self.build_ip_match(proto=socket.IPPROTO_TCP, dst_port=dport),
+        )
+        self.input_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
         self.acl_active_table = key
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -382,7 +384,7 @@ class TestClassifierTCP(TestClassifier):
         self.pg3.assert_nothing_captured(remark="packets forwarded")
 
     def test_iacl_proto_tcp_sport_dport(self):
-        """ TCP source and destination ports iACL test
+        """TCP source and destination ports iACL test
 
         Test scenario for basic protocol ACL with TCP and sport and dport
             - Create IPv4 stream for pg0 -> pg1 interface.
@@ -393,20 +395,22 @@ class TestClassifierTCP(TestClassifier):
         # Basic iACL testing with TCP and sport and dport
         sport = 13720
         dport = 9080
-        pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
-                                  TCP(sport=sport, dport=dport))
+        pkts = self.create_stream(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes, TCP(sport=sport, dport=dport)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
 
-        key = 'proto_tcp_ports'
+        key = "proto_tcp_ports"
         self.create_classify_table(
-            key,
-            self.build_ip_mask(proto='ff', src_port='ffff', dst_port='ffff'))
+            key, self.build_ip_mask(proto="ff", src_port="ffff", dst_port="ffff")
+        )
         self.create_classify_session(
             self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key),
-            self.build_ip_match(proto=socket.IPPROTO_TCP, src_port=sport,
-                                dst_port=dport))
-        self.input_acl_set_interface(
-            self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
+            self.build_ip_match(
+                proto=socket.IPPROTO_TCP, src_port=sport, dst_port=dport
+            ),
+        )
+        self.input_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
         self.acl_active_table = key
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -420,7 +424,7 @@ class TestClassifierTCP(TestClassifier):
 
 
 class TestClassifierIPOut(TestClassifier):
-    """ Classifier output IP Test Case """
+    """Classifier output IP Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -431,7 +435,7 @@ class TestClassifierIPOut(TestClassifier):
         super(TestClassifierIPOut, cls).tearDownClass()
 
     def test_acl_ip_out(self):
-        """ Output IP ACL test
+        """Output IP ACL test
 
         Test scenario for basic IP ACL with source IP
             - Create IPv4 stream for pg1 -> pg0 interface.
@@ -443,12 +447,13 @@ class TestClassifierIPOut(TestClassifier):
         pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg1, self.pg0, self.pg_if_packet_sizes)
         self.pg1.add_stream(pkts)
 
-        key = 'ip_out'
+        key = "ip_out"
         self.create_classify_table(
-            key, self.build_ip_mask(src_ip='ffffffff'), data_offset=0)
+            key, self.build_ip_mask(src_ip="ffffffff"), data_offset=0
+        )
         self.create_classify_session(
-            self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key),
-            self.build_ip_match(src_ip=self.pg1.remote_ip4))
+            self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key), self.build_ip_match(src_ip=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+        )
         self.output_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
         self.acl_active_table = key
 
@@ -463,7 +468,7 @@ class TestClassifierIPOut(TestClassifier):
 
 
 class TestClassifierMAC(TestClassifier):
-    """ Classifier MAC Test Case """
+    """Classifier MAC Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -474,7 +479,7 @@ class TestClassifierMAC(TestClassifier):
         super(TestClassifierMAC, cls).tearDownClass()
 
     def test_acl_mac(self):
-        """ MAC ACL test
+        """MAC ACL test
 
         Test scenario for basic MAC ACL with source MAC
             - Create IPv4 stream for pg0 -> pg2 interface.
@@ -486,12 +491,13 @@ class TestClassifierMAC(TestClassifier):
         pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg2, self.pg_if_packet_sizes)
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
 
-        key = 'mac'
+        key = "mac"
         self.create_classify_table(
-            key, self.build_mac_mask(src_mac='ffffffffffff'), data_offset=-14)
+            key, self.build_mac_mask(src_mac="ffffffffffff"), data_offset=-14
+        )
         self.create_classify_session(
-            self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key),
-            self.build_mac_match(src_mac=self.pg0.remote_mac))
+            self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key), self.build_mac_match(src_mac=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+        )
         self.input_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
         self.acl_active_table = key
 
@@ -506,7 +512,7 @@ class TestClassifierMAC(TestClassifier):
 
 
 class TestClassifierComplex(TestClassifier):
-    """ Large & Nested Classifiers Test Cases """
+    """Large & Nested Classifiers Test Cases"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -517,7 +523,7 @@ class TestClassifierComplex(TestClassifier):
         super(TestClassifierComplex, cls).tearDownClass()
 
     def test_iacl_large(self):
-        """ Large input ACL test
+        """Large input ACL test
 
         Test scenario for Large ACL matching on ethernet+ip+udp headers
             - Create IPv4 stream for pg0 -> pg1 interface.
@@ -527,7 +533,7 @@ class TestClassifierComplex(TestClassifier):
 
         # 40b offset = 80bytes - (sizeof(UDP/IP/ETH) + 4b)
         # + 4b as build_ip_ma*() func, do not match against UDP Len & Chksum
-        msk = VarMask(offset=40, spec='ffff')
+        msk = VarMask(offset=40, spec="ffff")
         mth = VarMatch(offset=40, value=0x1234, length=2)
 
         payload_msk = self.build_payload_mask([msk])
@@ -537,38 +543,49 @@ class TestClassifierComplex(TestClassifier):
         dport = 9080
 
         # 36b offset = 80bytes - (sizeof(UDP/IP/ETH))
-        packet_ex = bytes.fromhex(('0' * 36) + '1234')
-        pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
-                                  UDP(sport=sport, dport=dport),
-                                  packet_ex)
+        packet_ex = bytes.fromhex(("0" * 36) + "1234")
+        pkts = self.create_stream(
+            self.pg0,
+            self.pg1,
+            self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
+            UDP(sport=sport, dport=dport),
+            packet_ex,
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
 
-        key = 'large_in'
+        key = "large_in"
         self.create_classify_table(
             key,
-            self.build_mac_mask(src_mac='ffffffffffff',
-                                dst_mac='ffffffffffff',
-                                ether_type='ffff') +
-            self.build_ip_mask(proto='ff',
-                               src_ip='ffffffff',
-                               dst_ip='ffffffff',
-                               src_port='ffff',
-                               dst_port='ffff') +
-            payload_msk,
-            data_offset=-14)
+            self.build_mac_mask(
+                src_mac="ffffffffffff", dst_mac="ffffffffffff", ether_type="ffff"
+            )
+            + self.build_ip_mask(
+                proto="ff",
+                src_ip="ffffffff",
+                dst_ip="ffffffff",
+                src_port="ffff",
+                dst_port="ffff",
+            )
+            + payload_msk,
+            data_offset=-14,
+        )
 
         self.create_classify_session(
             self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key),
-            self.build_mac_match(src_mac=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                 dst_mac=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                                 # ipv4 next header
-                                 ether_type='0800') +
-            self.build_ip_match(proto=socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-                                src_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                dst_ip=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                src_port=sport,
-                                dst_port=dport) +
-            payload_match
+            self.build_mac_match(
+                src_mac=self.pg0.remote_mac,
+                dst_mac=self.pg0.local_mac,
+                # ipv4 next header
+                ether_type="0800",
+            )
+            + self.build_ip_match(
+                proto=socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+                src_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                dst_ip=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+                src_port=sport,
+                dst_port=dport,
+            )
+            + payload_match,
         )
 
         self.input_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
@@ -584,7 +601,7 @@ class TestClassifierComplex(TestClassifier):
         self.pg3.assert_nothing_captured(remark="packets forwarded")
 
     def test_oacl_large(self):
-        """ Large output ACL test
+        """Large output ACL test
         Test scenario for Large ACL matching on ethernet+ip+udp headers
             - Create IPv4 stream for pg1 -> pg0 interface.
             - Create large acl matching on ethernet+ip+udp header fields
@@ -593,7 +610,7 @@ class TestClassifierComplex(TestClassifier):
 
         # 40b offset = 80bytes - (sizeof(UDP/IP/ETH) + 4b)
         # + 4b as build_ip_ma*() func, do not match against UDP Len & Chksum
-        msk = VarMask(offset=40, spec='ffff')
+        msk = VarMask(offset=40, spec="ffff")
         mth = VarMatch(offset=40, value=0x1234, length=2)
 
         payload_msk = self.build_payload_mask([msk])
@@ -603,38 +620,50 @@ class TestClassifierComplex(TestClassifier):
         dport = 9080
 
         # 36b offset = 80bytes - (sizeof(UDP/IP/ETH))
-        packet_ex = bytes.fromhex(('0' * 36) + '1234')
-        pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg1, self.pg0, self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
-                                  UDP(sport=sport, dport=dport),
-                                  packet_ex)
+        packet_ex = bytes.fromhex(("0" * 36) + "1234")
+        pkts = self.create_stream(
+            self.pg1,
+            self.pg0,
+            self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
+            UDP(sport=sport, dport=dport),
+            packet_ex,
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(pkts)
 
-        key = 'large_out'
+        key = "large_out"
         self.create_classify_table(
             key,
-            self.build_mac_mask(src_mac='ffffffffffff',
-                                dst_mac='ffffffffffff',
-                                ether_type='ffff') +
-            self.build_ip_mask(proto='ff',
-                               src_ip='ffffffff',
-                               dst_ip='ffffffff',
-                               src_port='ffff',
-                               dst_port='ffff') +
-            payload_msk,
-            data_offset=-14)
+            self.build_mac_mask(
+                src_mac="ffffffffffff", dst_mac="ffffffffffff", ether_type="ffff"
+            )
+            + self.build_ip_mask(
+                proto="ff",
+                src_ip="ffffffff",
+                dst_ip="ffffffff",
+                src_port="ffff",
+                dst_port="ffff",
+            )
+            + payload_msk,
+            data_offset=-14,
+        )
 
         self.create_classify_session(
             self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key),
-            self.build_mac_match(src_mac=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                                 dst_mac=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                 # ipv4 next header
-                                 ether_type='0800') +
-            self.build_ip_match(proto=socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-                                src_ip=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                dst_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                src_port=sport,
-                                dst_port=dport) +
-            payload_match)
+            self.build_mac_match(
+                src_mac=self.pg0.local_mac,
+                dst_mac=self.pg0.remote_mac,
+                # ipv4 next header
+                ether_type="0800",
+            )
+            + self.build_ip_match(
+                proto=socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+                src_ip=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+                dst_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                src_port=sport,
+                dst_port=dport,
+            )
+            + payload_match,
+        )
 
         self.output_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
         self.acl_active_table = key
@@ -649,7 +678,7 @@ class TestClassifierComplex(TestClassifier):
         self.pg3.assert_nothing_captured(remark="packets forwarded")
 
     def test_iacl_nested(self):
-        """ Nested input ACL test
+        """Nested input ACL test
 
         Test scenario for Large ACL matching on ethernet+ip+udp headers
             - Create IPv4 stream for pg0 -> pg1 interface.
@@ -660,48 +689,60 @@ class TestClassifierComplex(TestClassifier):
 
         sport = 13720
         dport = 9080
-        pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
-                                  UDP(sport=sport, dport=dport))
+        pkts = self.create_stream(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes, UDP(sport=sport, dport=dport)
+        )
 
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
 
-        subtable_key = 'subtable_in'
+        subtable_key = "subtable_in"
         self.create_classify_table(
             subtable_key,
-            self.build_mac_mask(src_mac='ffffffffffff',
-                                dst_mac='ffffffffffff',
-                                ether_type='ffff') +
-            self.build_ip_mask(proto='ff',
-                               src_ip='ffffffff',
-                               dst_ip='ffffffff',
-                               src_port='ffff',
-                               dst_port='ffff'),
-            data_offset=-14)
+            self.build_mac_mask(
+                src_mac="ffffffffffff", dst_mac="ffffffffffff", ether_type="ffff"
+            )
+            + self.build_ip_mask(
+                proto="ff",
+                src_ip="ffffffff",
+                dst_ip="ffffffff",
+                src_port="ffff",
+                dst_port="ffff",
+            ),
+            data_offset=-14,
+        )
 
-        key = 'nested_in'
+        key = "nested_in"
         self.create_classify_table(
             key,
-            self.build_mac_mask(src_mac='ffffffffffff',
-                                dst_mac='ffffffffffff',
-                                ether_type='ffff') +
-            self.build_ip_mask(proto='ff',
-                               src_ip='ffffffff',
-                               dst_ip='ffffffff',
-                               src_port='ffff',
-                               dst_port='ffff'),
-            next_table_index=self.acl_tbl_idx.get(subtable_key))
+            self.build_mac_mask(
+                src_mac="ffffffffffff", dst_mac="ffffffffffff", ether_type="ffff"
+            )
+            + self.build_ip_mask(
+                proto="ff",
+                src_ip="ffffffff",
+                dst_ip="ffffffff",
+                src_port="ffff",
+                dst_port="ffff",
+            ),
+            next_table_index=self.acl_tbl_idx.get(subtable_key),
+        )
 
         self.create_classify_session(
             self.acl_tbl_idx.get(subtable_key),
-            self.build_mac_match(src_mac=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                 dst_mac=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                                 # ipv4 next header
-                                 ether_type='0800') +
-            self.build_ip_match(proto=socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-                                src_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                dst_ip=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                src_port=sport,
-                                dst_port=dport))
+            self.build_mac_match(
+                src_mac=self.pg0.remote_mac,
+                dst_mac=self.pg0.local_mac,
+                # ipv4 next header
+                ether_type="0800",
+            )
+            + self.build_ip_match(
+                proto=socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+                src_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                dst_ip=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+                src_port=sport,
+                dst_port=dport,
+            ),
+        )
 
         self.input_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
         self.acl_active_table = key
@@ -716,7 +757,7 @@ class TestClassifierComplex(TestClassifier):
         self.pg3.assert_nothing_captured(remark="packets forwarded")
 
     def test_oacl_nested(self):
-        """ Nested output ACL test
+        """Nested output ACL test
 
         Test scenario for Large ACL matching on ethernet+ip+udp headers
             - Create IPv4 stream for pg1 -> pg0 interface.
@@ -727,48 +768,60 @@ class TestClassifierComplex(TestClassifier):
 
         sport = 13720
         dport = 9080
-        pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg1, self.pg0, self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
-                                  UDP(sport=sport, dport=dport))
+        pkts = self.create_stream(
+            self.pg1, self.pg0, self.pg_if_packet_sizes, UDP(sport=sport, dport=dport)
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(pkts)
 
-        subtable_key = 'subtable_out'
+        subtable_key = "subtable_out"
         self.create_classify_table(
             subtable_key,
-            self.build_mac_mask(src_mac='ffffffffffff',
-                                dst_mac='ffffffffffff',
-                                ether_type='ffff') +
-            self.build_ip_mask(proto='ff',
-                               src_ip='ffffffff',
-                               dst_ip='ffffffff',
-                               src_port='ffff',
-                               dst_port='ffff'),
-            data_offset=-14)
+            self.build_mac_mask(
+                src_mac="ffffffffffff", dst_mac="ffffffffffff", ether_type="ffff"
+            )
+            + self.build_ip_mask(
+                proto="ff",
+                src_ip="ffffffff",
+                dst_ip="ffffffff",
+                src_port="ffff",
+                dst_port="ffff",
+            ),
+            data_offset=-14,
+        )
 
-        key = 'nested_out'
+        key = "nested_out"
         self.create_classify_table(
             key,
-            self.build_mac_mask(src_mac='ffffffffffff',
-                                dst_mac='ffffffffffff',
-                                ether_type='ffff') +
-            self.build_ip_mask(proto='ff',
-                               src_ip='ffffffff',
-                               dst_ip='ffffffff',
-                               src_port='ffff',
-                               dst_port='ffff'),
+            self.build_mac_mask(
+                src_mac="ffffffffffff", dst_mac="ffffffffffff", ether_type="ffff"
+            )
+            + self.build_ip_mask(
+                proto="ff",
+                src_ip="ffffffff",
+                dst_ip="ffffffff",
+                src_port="ffff",
+                dst_port="ffff",
+            ),
             next_table_index=self.acl_tbl_idx.get(subtable_key),
-            data_offset=-14)
+            data_offset=-14,
+        )
 
         self.create_classify_session(
             self.acl_tbl_idx.get(subtable_key),
-            self.build_mac_match(src_mac=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                                 dst_mac=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                 # ipv4 next header
-                                 ether_type='0800') +
-            self.build_ip_match(proto=socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-                                src_ip=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                dst_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                src_port=sport,
-                                dst_port=dport))
+            self.build_mac_match(
+                src_mac=self.pg0.local_mac,
+                dst_mac=self.pg0.remote_mac,
+                # ipv4 next header
+                ether_type="0800",
+            )
+            + self.build_ip_match(
+                proto=socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+                src_ip=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+                dst_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                src_port=sport,
+                dst_port=dport,
+            ),
+        )
 
         self.output_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
         self.acl_active_table = key
@@ -784,7 +837,7 @@ class TestClassifierComplex(TestClassifier):
 
 
 class TestClassifierPBR(TestClassifier):
-    """ Classifier PBR Test Case """
+    """Classifier PBR Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -795,7 +848,7 @@ class TestClassifierPBR(TestClassifier):
         super(TestClassifierPBR, cls).tearDownClass()
 
     def test_acl_pbr(self):
-        """ IP PBR test
+        """IP PBR test
 
         Test scenario for PBR with source IP
             - Create IPv4 stream for pg0 -> pg3 interface.
@@ -807,19 +860,24 @@ class TestClassifierPBR(TestClassifier):
         pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg3, self.pg_if_packet_sizes)
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
 
-        key = 'pbr'
-        self.create_classify_table(key, self.build_ip_mask(src_ip='ffffffff'))
+        key = "pbr"
+        self.create_classify_table(key, self.build_ip_mask(src_ip="ffffffff"))
         pbr_option = 1
         # this will create the VRF/table in which we will insert the route
         self.create_classify_session(
             self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key),
             self.build_ip_match(src_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip4),
-            pbr_option, self.pbr_vrfid)
+            pbr_option,
+            self.pbr_vrfid,
+        )
         self.assertTrue(self.verify_vrf(self.pbr_vrfid))
-        r = VppIpRoute(self, self.pg3.local_ip4, 24,
-                       [VppRoutePath(self.pg3.remote_ip4,
-                                     INVALID_INDEX)],
-                       table_id=self.pbr_vrfid)
+        r = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            self.pg3.local_ip4,
+            24,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg3.remote_ip4, INVALID_INDEX)],
+            table_id=self.pbr_vrfid,
+        )
         r.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.input_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
@@ -839,14 +897,17 @@ class TestClassifierPBR(TestClassifier):
         self.create_classify_session(
             self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key),
             self.build_ip_match(src_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip4),
-            pbr_option, self.pbr_vrfid, is_add=0)
+            pbr_option,
+            self.pbr_vrfid,
+            is_add=0,
+        )
 
         # and the table should be gone.
         self.assertFalse(self.verify_vrf(self.pbr_vrfid))
 
 
 class TestClassifierPunt(TestClassifier):
-    """ Classifier punt Test Case """
+    """Classifier punt Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -857,7 +918,7 @@ class TestClassifierPunt(TestClassifier):
         super(TestClassifierPunt, cls).tearDownClass()
 
     def test_punt_udp(self):
-        """ IPv4/UDP protocol punt ACL test
+        """IPv4/UDP protocol punt ACL test
 
         Test scenario for basic punt ACL with UDP protocol
             - Create IPv4 stream for pg0 -> pg1 interface.
@@ -868,13 +929,10 @@ class TestClassifierPunt(TestClassifier):
         sport = 6754
         dport = 17923
 
-        key = 'ip4_udp_punt'
+        key = "ip4_udp_punt"
         self.create_classify_table(
-            key,
-            self.build_ip_mask(
-                src_ip='ffffffff',
-                proto='ff',
-                src_port='ffff'))
+            key, self.build_ip_mask(src_ip="ffffffff", proto="ff", src_port="ffff")
+        )
         table_index = self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key)
         self.vapi.punt_acl_add_del(ip4_table_index=table_index)
         self.acl_active_table = key
@@ -883,52 +941,67 @@ class TestClassifierPunt(TestClassifier):
         self.vapi.set_punt(
             is_add=1,
             punt={
-                'type': VppEnum.vl_api_punt_type_t.PUNT_API_TYPE_L4,
-                'punt': {
-                    'l4': {
-                        'af': VppEnum.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP4,
-                        'protocol': VppEnum.vl_api_ip_proto_t.IP_API_PROTO_UDP,
-                        'port': dport,
-                    }}})
-        self.vapi.ip_punt_redirect(punt={
-            'rx_sw_if_index': self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            'tx_sw_if_index': self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            'nh': self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-        })
+                "type": VppEnum.vl_api_punt_type_t.PUNT_API_TYPE_L4,
+                "punt": {
+                    "l4": {
+                        "af": VppEnum.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP4,
+                        "protocol": VppEnum.vl_api_ip_proto_t.IP_API_PROTO_UDP,
+                        "port": dport,
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+        )
+        self.vapi.ip_punt_redirect(
+            punt={
+                "rx_sw_if_index": self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+                "tx_sw_if_index": self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+                "nh": self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+            }
+        )
 
-        pkts = [(Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=sport, dport=dport) /
-                 Raw('\x17' * 100))] * 2
+        pkts = [
+            (
+                Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=sport, dport=dport)
+                / Raw("\x17" * 100)
+            )
+        ] * 2
 
         # allow a session but not matching the stream: expect to drop
         self.create_classify_session(
             table_index,
-            self.build_ip_match(src_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                proto=socket.IPPROTO_UDP, src_port=sport + 10))
+            self.build_ip_match(
+                src_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                proto=socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+                src_port=sport + 10,
+            ),
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, pkts)
 
         # allow a session matching the stream: expect to pass
         self.create_classify_session(
             table_index,
-            self.build_ip_match(src_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                proto=socket.IPPROTO_UDP, src_port=sport))
+            self.build_ip_match(
+                src_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip4, proto=socket.IPPROTO_UDP, src_port=sport
+            ),
+        )
         self.send_and_expect_only(self.pg0, pkts, self.pg1)
 
         # test dump api: ip4 is set, ip6 is not
         r = self.vapi.punt_acl_get()
         self.assertEqual(r.ip4_table_index, table_index)
-        self.assertEqual(r.ip6_table_index, 0xffffffff)
+        self.assertEqual(r.ip6_table_index, 0xFFFFFFFF)
 
         # cleanup
-        self.acl_active_table = ''
+        self.acl_active_table = ""
         self.vapi.punt_acl_add_del(ip4_table_index=table_index, is_add=0)
 
         # test dump api: nothing set
         r = self.vapi.punt_acl_get()
-        self.assertEqual(r.ip4_table_index, 0xffffffff)
-        self.assertEqual(r.ip6_table_index, 0xffffffff)
+        self.assertEqual(r.ip4_table_index, 0xFFFFFFFF)
+        self.assertEqual(r.ip6_table_index, 0xFFFFFFFF)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_classifier_ip6.py b/test/test_classifier_ip6.py
index 211374b5ec6..7b5d41c3eef 100644
--- a/test/test_classifier_ip6.py
+++ b/test/test_classifier_ip6.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ from template_classifier import TestClassifier
 
 
 class TestClassifierIP6(TestClassifier):
-    """ Classifier IP6 Test Case """
+    """Classifier IP6 Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class TestClassifierIP6(TestClassifier):
         super(TestClassifierIP6, cls).tearDownClass()
 
     def test_iacl_src_ip(self):
-        """ Source IP6 iACL test
+        """Source IP6 iACL test
 
         Test scenario for basic IP ACL with source IP
             - Create IPv6 stream for pg0 -> pg1 interface.
@@ -38,13 +38,13 @@ class TestClassifierIP6(TestClassifier):
         pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes)
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
 
-        key = 'ip6_src'
+        key = "ip6_src"
         self.create_classify_table(
-            key,
-            self.build_ip6_mask(src_ip='ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff'))
+            key, self.build_ip6_mask(src_ip="ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff")
+        )
         self.create_classify_session(
-            self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key),
-            self.build_ip6_match(src_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip6))
+            self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key), self.build_ip6_match(src_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+        )
         self.input_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
         self.acl_active_table = key
 
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ class TestClassifierIP6(TestClassifier):
         self.pg2.assert_nothing_captured(remark="packets forwarded")
 
     def test_iacl_dst_ip(self):
-        """ Destination IP6 iACL test
+        """Destination IP6 iACL test
 
         Test scenario for basic IP ACL with destination IP
             - Create IPv6 stream for pg0 -> pg1 interface.
@@ -69,13 +69,13 @@ class TestClassifierIP6(TestClassifier):
         pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes)
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
 
-        key = 'ip6_dst'
+        key = "ip6_dst"
         self.create_classify_table(
-            key,
-            self.build_ip6_mask(dst_ip='ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff'))
+            key, self.build_ip6_mask(dst_ip="ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff")
+        )
         self.create_classify_session(
-            self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key),
-            self.build_ip6_match(dst_ip=self.pg1.remote_ip6))
+            self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key), self.build_ip6_match(dst_ip=self.pg1.remote_ip6)
+        )
         self.input_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
         self.acl_active_table = key
 
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ class TestClassifierIP6(TestClassifier):
         self.pg2.assert_nothing_captured(remark="packets forwarded")
 
     def test_iacl_src_dst_ip(self):
-        """ Source and destination IP6 iACL test
+        """Source and destination IP6 iACL test
 
         Test scenario for basic IP ACL with source and destination IP
             - Create IPv4 stream for pg0 -> pg1 interface.
@@ -100,15 +100,20 @@ class TestClassifierIP6(TestClassifier):
         pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes)
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
 
-        key = 'ip6'
+        key = "ip6"
         self.create_classify_table(
             key,
-            self.build_ip6_mask(src_ip='ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff',
-                                dst_ip='ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff'))
+            self.build_ip6_mask(
+                src_ip="ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff",
+                dst_ip="ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff",
+            ),
+        )
         self.create_classify_session(
             self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key),
-            self.build_ip6_match(src_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                                 dst_ip=self.pg1.remote_ip6))
+            self.build_ip6_match(
+                src_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst_ip=self.pg1.remote_ip6
+            ),
+        )
         self.input_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
         self.acl_active_table = key
 
@@ -124,7 +129,7 @@ class TestClassifierIP6(TestClassifier):
 # Tests split to different test case classes because of issue reported in
 # ticket VPP-1336
 class TestClassifierIP6UDP(TestClassifier):
-    """ Classifier IP6 UDP proto Test Case """
+    """Classifier IP6 UDP proto Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -132,7 +137,7 @@ class TestClassifierIP6UDP(TestClassifier):
         cls.af = socket.AF_INET6
 
     def test_iacl_proto_udp(self):
-        """ IP6 UDP protocol iACL test
+        """IP6 UDP protocol iACL test
 
         Test scenario for basic protocol ACL with UDP protocol
             - Create IPv6 stream for pg0 -> pg1 interface.
@@ -144,11 +149,11 @@ class TestClassifierIP6UDP(TestClassifier):
         pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes)
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
 
-        key = 'nh_udp'
-        self.create_classify_table(key, self.build_ip6_mask(nh='ff'))
+        key = "nh_udp"
+        self.create_classify_table(key, self.build_ip6_mask(nh="ff"))
         self.create_classify_session(
-            self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key),
-            self.build_ip6_match(nh=socket.IPPROTO_UDP))
+            self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key), self.build_ip6_match(nh=socket.IPPROTO_UDP)
+        )
         self.input_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
         self.acl_active_table = key
 
@@ -161,7 +166,7 @@ class TestClassifierIP6UDP(TestClassifier):
         self.pg2.assert_nothing_captured(remark="packets forwarded")
 
     def test_iacl_proto_udp_sport(self):
-        """ IP6 UDP source port iACL test
+        """IP6 UDP source port iACL test
 
         Test scenario for basic protocol ACL with UDP and sport
             - Create IPv6 stream for pg0 -> pg1 interface.
@@ -171,18 +176,18 @@ class TestClassifierIP6UDP(TestClassifier):
 
         # Basic iACL testing with UDP and sport
         sport = 38
-        pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
-                                  UDP(sport=sport, dport=5678))
+        pkts = self.create_stream(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes, UDP(sport=sport, dport=5678)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
 
-        key = 'nh_udp_sport'
-        self.create_classify_table(
-            key, self.build_ip6_mask(nh='ff', src_port='ffff'))
+        key = "nh_udp_sport"
+        self.create_classify_table(key, self.build_ip6_mask(nh="ff", src_port="ffff"))
         self.create_classify_session(
             self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key),
-            self.build_ip6_match(nh=socket.IPPROTO_UDP, src_port=sport))
-        self.input_acl_set_interface(
-            self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
+            self.build_ip6_match(nh=socket.IPPROTO_UDP, src_port=sport),
+        )
+        self.input_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
         self.acl_active_table = key
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -194,7 +199,7 @@ class TestClassifierIP6UDP(TestClassifier):
         self.pg2.assert_nothing_captured(remark="packets forwarded")
 
     def test_iacl_proto_udp_dport(self):
-        """ IP6 UDP destination port iACL test
+        """IP6 UDP destination port iACL test
 
         Test scenario for basic protocol ACL with UDP and dport
             - Create IPv6 stream for pg0 -> pg1 interface.
@@ -204,18 +209,18 @@ class TestClassifierIP6UDP(TestClassifier):
 
         # Basic iACL testing with UDP and dport
         dport = 427
-        pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
-                                  UDP(sport=1234, dport=dport))
+        pkts = self.create_stream(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes, UDP(sport=1234, dport=dport)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
 
-        key = 'nh_udp_dport'
-        self.create_classify_table(
-            key, self.build_ip6_mask(nh='ff', dst_port='ffff'))
+        key = "nh_udp_dport"
+        self.create_classify_table(key, self.build_ip6_mask(nh="ff", dst_port="ffff"))
         self.create_classify_session(
             self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key),
-            self.build_ip6_match(nh=socket.IPPROTO_UDP, dst_port=dport))
-        self.input_acl_set_interface(
-            self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
+            self.build_ip6_match(nh=socket.IPPROTO_UDP, dst_port=dport),
+        )
+        self.input_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
         self.acl_active_table = key
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -227,7 +232,7 @@ class TestClassifierIP6UDP(TestClassifier):
         self.pg2.assert_nothing_captured(remark="packets forwarded")
 
     def test_iacl_proto_udp_sport_dport(self):
-        """ IP6 UDP source and destination ports iACL test
+        """IP6 UDP source and destination ports iACL test
 
         Test scenario for basic protocol ACL with UDP and sport and dport
             - Create IPv6 stream for pg0 -> pg1 interface.
@@ -238,20 +243,20 @@ class TestClassifierIP6UDP(TestClassifier):
         # Basic iACL testing with UDP and sport and dport
         sport = 13720
         dport = 9080
-        pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
-                                  UDP(sport=sport, dport=dport))
+        pkts = self.create_stream(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes, UDP(sport=sport, dport=dport)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
 
-        key = 'nh_udp_ports'
+        key = "nh_udp_ports"
         self.create_classify_table(
-            key,
-            self.build_ip6_mask(nh='ff', src_port='ffff', dst_port='ffff'))
+            key, self.build_ip6_mask(nh="ff", src_port="ffff", dst_port="ffff")
+        )
         self.create_classify_session(
             self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key),
-            self.build_ip6_match(nh=socket.IPPROTO_UDP, src_port=sport,
-                                 dst_port=dport))
-        self.input_acl_set_interface(
-            self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
+            self.build_ip6_match(nh=socket.IPPROTO_UDP, src_port=sport, dst_port=dport),
+        )
+        self.input_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
         self.acl_active_table = key
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -264,7 +269,7 @@ class TestClassifierIP6UDP(TestClassifier):
 
 
 class TestClassifierIP6TCP(TestClassifier):
-    """ Classifier IP6 TCP proto Test Case """
+    """Classifier IP6 TCP proto Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -272,7 +277,7 @@ class TestClassifierIP6TCP(TestClassifier):
         cls.af = socket.AF_INET6
 
     def test_iacl_proto_tcp(self):
-        """ IP6 TCP protocol iACL test
+        """IP6 TCP protocol iACL test
 
         Test scenario for basic protocol ACL with TCP protocol
             - Create IPv6 stream for pg0 -> pg1 interface.
@@ -281,17 +286,17 @@ class TestClassifierIP6TCP(TestClassifier):
         """
 
         # Basic iACL testing with TCP protocol
-        pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
-                                  TCP(sport=1234, dport=5678))
+        pkts = self.create_stream(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes, TCP(sport=1234, dport=5678)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
 
-        key = 'nh_tcp'
-        self.create_classify_table(key, self.build_ip6_mask(nh='ff'))
+        key = "nh_tcp"
+        self.create_classify_table(key, self.build_ip6_mask(nh="ff"))
         self.create_classify_session(
-            self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key),
-            self.build_ip6_match(nh=socket.IPPROTO_TCP))
-        self.input_acl_set_interface(
-            self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
+            self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key), self.build_ip6_match(nh=socket.IPPROTO_TCP)
+        )
+        self.input_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
         self.acl_active_table = key
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -303,7 +308,7 @@ class TestClassifierIP6TCP(TestClassifier):
         self.pg2.assert_nothing_captured(remark="packets forwarded")
 
     def test_iacl_proto_tcp_sport(self):
-        """ IP6 TCP source port iACL test
+        """IP6 TCP source port iACL test
 
         Test scenario for basic protocol ACL with TCP and sport
             - Create IPv6 stream for pg0 -> pg1 interface.
@@ -313,18 +318,18 @@ class TestClassifierIP6TCP(TestClassifier):
 
         # Basic iACL testing with TCP and sport
         sport = 38
-        pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
-                                  TCP(sport=sport, dport=5678))
+        pkts = self.create_stream(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes, TCP(sport=sport, dport=5678)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
 
-        key = 'nh_tcp_sport'
-        self.create_classify_table(
-            key, self.build_ip6_mask(nh='ff', src_port='ffff'))
+        key = "nh_tcp_sport"
+        self.create_classify_table(key, self.build_ip6_mask(nh="ff", src_port="ffff"))
         self.create_classify_session(
             self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key),
-            self.build_ip6_match(nh=socket.IPPROTO_TCP, src_port=sport))
-        self.input_acl_set_interface(
-            self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
+            self.build_ip6_match(nh=socket.IPPROTO_TCP, src_port=sport),
+        )
+        self.input_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
         self.acl_active_table = key
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -336,7 +341,7 @@ class TestClassifierIP6TCP(TestClassifier):
         self.pg2.assert_nothing_captured(remark="packets forwarded")
 
     def test_iacl_proto_tcp_dport(self):
-        """ IP6 TCP destination port iACL test
+        """IP6 TCP destination port iACL test
 
         Test scenario for basic protocol ACL with TCP and dport
             - Create IPv6 stream for pg0 -> pg1 interface.
@@ -346,18 +351,18 @@ class TestClassifierIP6TCP(TestClassifier):
 
         # Basic iACL testing with TCP and dport
         dport = 427
-        pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
-                                  TCP(sport=1234, dport=dport))
+        pkts = self.create_stream(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes, TCP(sport=1234, dport=dport)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
 
-        key = 'nh_tcp_dport'
-        self.create_classify_table(
-            key, self.build_ip6_mask(nh='ff', dst_port='ffff'))
+        key = "nh_tcp_dport"
+        self.create_classify_table(key, self.build_ip6_mask(nh="ff", dst_port="ffff"))
         self.create_classify_session(
             self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key),
-            self.build_ip6_match(nh=socket.IPPROTO_TCP, dst_port=dport))
-        self.input_acl_set_interface(
-            self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
+            self.build_ip6_match(nh=socket.IPPROTO_TCP, dst_port=dport),
+        )
+        self.input_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
         self.acl_active_table = key
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -369,7 +374,7 @@ class TestClassifierIP6TCP(TestClassifier):
         self.pg2.assert_nothing_captured(remark="packets forwarded")
 
     def test_iacl_proto_tcp_sport_dport(self):
-        """ IP6 TCP source and destination ports iACL test
+        """IP6 TCP source and destination ports iACL test
 
         Test scenario for basic protocol ACL with TCP and sport and dport
             - Create IPv6 stream for pg0 -> pg1 interface.
@@ -380,20 +385,20 @@ class TestClassifierIP6TCP(TestClassifier):
         # Basic iACL testing with TCP and sport and dport
         sport = 13720
         dport = 9080
-        pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
-                                  TCP(sport=sport, dport=dport))
+        pkts = self.create_stream(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes, TCP(sport=sport, dport=dport)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
 
-        key = 'nh_tcp_ports'
+        key = "nh_tcp_ports"
         self.create_classify_table(
-            key,
-            self.build_ip6_mask(nh='ff', src_port='ffff', dst_port='ffff'))
+            key, self.build_ip6_mask(nh="ff", src_port="ffff", dst_port="ffff")
+        )
         self.create_classify_session(
             self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key),
-            self.build_ip6_match(nh=socket.IPPROTO_TCP, src_port=sport,
-                                 dst_port=dport))
-        self.input_acl_set_interface(
-            self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
+            self.build_ip6_match(nh=socket.IPPROTO_TCP, src_port=sport, dst_port=dport),
+        )
+        self.input_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
         self.acl_active_table = key
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -406,7 +411,7 @@ class TestClassifierIP6TCP(TestClassifier):
 
 
 class TestClassifierIP6Out(TestClassifier):
-    """ Classifier output IP6 Test Case """
+    """Classifier output IP6 Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -414,7 +419,7 @@ class TestClassifierIP6Out(TestClassifier):
         cls.af = socket.AF_INET6
 
     def test_acl_ip_out(self):
-        """ Output IP6 ACL test
+        """Output IP6 ACL test
 
         Test scenario for basic IP ACL with source IP
             - Create IPv6 stream for pg1 -> pg0 interface.
@@ -426,16 +431,16 @@ class TestClassifierIP6Out(TestClassifier):
         pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg1, self.pg0, self.pg_if_packet_sizes)
         self.pg1.add_stream(pkts)
 
-        key = 'ip6_out'
+        key = "ip6_out"
         self.create_classify_table(
             key,
-            self.build_ip6_mask(src_ip='ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff'),
-            data_offset=0)
+            self.build_ip6_mask(src_ip="ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff"),
+            data_offset=0,
+        )
         self.create_classify_session(
-            self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key),
-            self.build_ip6_match(src_ip=self.pg1.remote_ip6))
-        self.output_acl_set_interface(
-            self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
+            self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key), self.build_ip6_match(src_ip=self.pg1.remote_ip6)
+        )
+        self.output_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
         self.acl_active_table = key
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -448,7 +453,7 @@ class TestClassifierIP6Out(TestClassifier):
 
 
 class TestClassifierIP6MAC(TestClassifier):
-    """ Classifier IP6 MAC Test Case """
+    """Classifier IP6 MAC Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -456,7 +461,7 @@ class TestClassifierIP6MAC(TestClassifier):
         cls.af = socket.AF_INET6
 
     def test_acl_mac(self):
-        """ IP6 MAC iACL test
+        """IP6 MAC iACL test
 
         Test scenario for basic MAC ACL with source MAC
             - Create IPv6 stream for pg0 -> pg2 interface.
@@ -468,12 +473,13 @@ class TestClassifierIP6MAC(TestClassifier):
         pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg2, self.pg_if_packet_sizes)
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
 
-        key = 'mac'
+        key = "mac"
         self.create_classify_table(
-            key, self.build_mac_mask(src_mac='ffffffffffff'), data_offset=-14)
+            key, self.build_mac_mask(src_mac="ffffffffffff"), data_offset=-14
+        )
         self.create_classify_session(
-            self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key),
-            self.build_mac_match(src_mac=self.pg0.remote_mac))
+            self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key), self.build_mac_match(src_mac=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+        )
         self.input_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
         self.acl_active_table = key
 
@@ -486,5 +492,5 @@ class TestClassifierIP6MAC(TestClassifier):
         self.pg1.assert_nothing_captured(remark="packets forwarded")
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_classify_l2_acl.py b/test/test_classify_l2_acl.py
index b1309881e58..d94af3f718e 100644
--- a/test/test_classify_l2_acl.py
+++ b/test/test_classify_l2_acl.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ from template_classifier import TestClassifier
 
 
 class TestClassifyAcl(TestClassifier):
-    """ Classifier-based L2 input and output ACL Test Case """
+    """Classifier-based L2 input and output ACL Test Case"""
 
     # traffic types
     IP = 0
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class TestClassifyAcl(TestClassifier):
 
     # supported protocols
     proto = [[6, 17], [1, 58]]
-    proto_map = {1: 'ICMP', 58: 'ICMPv6EchoRequest', 6: 'TCP', 17: 'UDP'}
+    proto_map = {1: "ICMP", 58: "ICMPv6EchoRequest", 6: "TCP", 17: "UDP"}
     ICMPv4 = 0
     ICMPv6 = 1
     TCP = 0
@@ -104,11 +104,11 @@ class TestClassifyAcl(TestClassifier):
 
             # Create BD with MAC learning and unknown unicast flooding disabled
             # and put interfaces to this BD
-            cls.vapi.bridge_domain_add_del(bd_id=cls.bd_id, uu_flood=1,
-                                           learn=1)
+            cls.vapi.bridge_domain_add_del(bd_id=cls.bd_id, uu_flood=1, learn=1)
             for pg_if in cls.pg_interfaces:
                 cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-                    rx_sw_if_index=pg_if.sw_if_index, bd_id=cls.bd_id)
+                    rx_sw_if_index=pg_if.sw_if_index, bd_id=cls.bd_id
+                )
 
             # Set up all interfaces
             for i in cls.pg_interfaces:
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ class TestClassifyAcl(TestClassifier):
             # self.warmup_test()
 
             # Holder of the active classify table key
-            cls.acl_active_table = ''
+            cls.acl_active_table = ""
 
         except Exception:
             super(TestClassifyAcl, cls).tearDownClass()
@@ -147,25 +147,30 @@ class TestClassifyAcl(TestClassifier):
         Show various debug prints after each test.
         """
         if not self.vpp_dead:
-            if self.acl_active_table == 'mac_inout':
+            if self.acl_active_table == "mac_inout":
                 self.output_acl_set_interface(
-                    self.pg1, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(self.acl_active_table), 0)
+                    self.pg1, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(self.acl_active_table), 0
+                )
                 self.input_acl_set_interface(
-                    self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(self.acl_active_table), 0)
-                self.acl_active_table = ''
-            elif self.acl_active_table == 'mac_out':
+                    self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(self.acl_active_table), 0
+                )
+                self.acl_active_table = ""
+            elif self.acl_active_table == "mac_out":
                 self.output_acl_set_interface(
-                    self.pg1, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(self.acl_active_table), 0)
-                self.acl_active_table = ''
-            elif self.acl_active_table == 'mac_in':
+                    self.pg1, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(self.acl_active_table), 0
+                )
+                self.acl_active_table = ""
+            elif self.acl_active_table == "mac_in":
                 self.input_acl_set_interface(
-                    self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(self.acl_active_table), 0)
-                self.acl_active_table = ''
+                    self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(self.acl_active_table), 0
+                )
+                self.acl_active_table = ""
 
         super(TestClassifyAcl, self).tearDown()
 
-    def create_classify_session(self, intf, table_index, match,
-                                hit_next_index=0xffffffff, is_add=1):
+    def create_classify_session(
+        self, intf, table_index, match, hit_next_index=0xFFFFFFFF, is_add=1
+    ):
         """Create Classify Session
 
         :param VppInterface intf: Interface to apply classify session.
@@ -180,8 +185,9 @@ class TestClassifyAcl(TestClassifier):
             table_index=table_index,
             match=mask_match,
             match_len=mask_match_len,
-            hit_next_index=hit_next_index)
-        self.assertIsNotNone(r, 'No response msg for add_del_session')
+            hit_next_index=hit_next_index,
+        )
+        self.assertIsNotNone(r, "No response msg for add_del_session")
 
     def create_hosts(self, count, start=0):
         """
@@ -197,39 +203,50 @@ class TestClassifyAcl(TestClassifier):
         for pg_if in self.pg_interfaces:
             i += 1
             start_nr = macs_per_if * i + start
-            end_nr = count + start if i == (n_int - 1) \
-                else macs_per_if * (i + 1) + start
+            end_nr = (
+                count + start if i == (n_int - 1) else macs_per_if * (i + 1) + start
+            )
             hosts = self.hosts_by_pg_idx[pg_if.sw_if_index]
             for j in range(start_nr, end_nr):
                 host = Host(
                     "00:00:00:ff:%02x:%02x" % (pg_if.sw_if_index, j),
                     "172.17.1%02x.%u" % (pg_if.sw_if_index, j),
-                    "2017:dead:%02x::%u" % (pg_if.sw_if_index, j))
+                    "2017:dead:%02x::%u" % (pg_if.sw_if_index, j),
+                )
                 hosts.append(host)
 
     def create_upper_layer(self, packet_index, proto, ports=0):
         p = self.proto_map[proto]
-        if p == 'UDP':
+        if p == "UDP":
             if ports == 0:
-                return UDP(sport=random.randint(self.udp_sport_from,
-                                                self.udp_sport_to),
-                           dport=random.randint(self.udp_dport_from,
-                                                self.udp_dport_to))
+                return UDP(
+                    sport=random.randint(self.udp_sport_from, self.udp_sport_to),
+                    dport=random.randint(self.udp_dport_from, self.udp_dport_to),
+                )
             else:
                 return UDP(sport=ports, dport=ports)
-        elif p == 'TCP':
+        elif p == "TCP":
             if ports == 0:
-                return TCP(sport=random.randint(self.tcp_sport_from,
-                                                self.tcp_sport_to),
-                           dport=random.randint(self.tcp_dport_from,
-                                                self.tcp_dport_to))
+                return TCP(
+                    sport=random.randint(self.tcp_sport_from, self.tcp_sport_to),
+                    dport=random.randint(self.tcp_dport_from, self.tcp_dport_to),
+                )
             else:
                 return TCP(sport=ports, dport=ports)
-        return ''
+        return ""
 
-    def create_stream(self, src_if, packet_sizes, traffic_type=0, ipv6=0,
-                      proto=-1, ports=0, fragments=False,
-                      pkt_raw=True, etype=-1):
+    def create_stream(
+        self,
+        src_if,
+        packet_sizes,
+        traffic_type=0,
+        ipv6=0,
+        proto=-1,
+        ports=0,
+        fragments=False,
+        pkt_raw=True,
+        etype=-1,
+    ):
         """
         Create input packet stream for defined interface using hosts or
         deleted_hosts list.
@@ -262,26 +279,25 @@ class TestClassifyAcl(TestClassifier):
                     payload = self.info_to_payload(pkt_info)
                     p = Ether(dst=dst_host.mac, src=src_host.mac)
                     if etype > 0:
-                        p = Ether(dst=dst_host.mac,
-                                  src=src_host.mac,
-                                  type=etype)
+                        p = Ether(dst=dst_host.mac, src=src_host.mac, type=etype)
                     if pkt_info.ip:
                         p /= IPv6(dst=dst_host.ip6, src=src_host.ip6)
                         if fragments:
                             p /= IPv6ExtHdrFragment(offset=64, m=1)
                     else:
                         if fragments:
-                            p /= IP(src=src_host.ip4, dst=dst_host.ip4,
-                                    flags=1, frag=64)
+                            p /= IP(
+                                src=src_host.ip4, dst=dst_host.ip4, flags=1, frag=64
+                            )
                         else:
                             p /= IP(src=src_host.ip4, dst=dst_host.ip4)
                     if traffic_type == self.ICMP:
                         if pkt_info.ip:
-                            p /= ICMPv6EchoRequest(type=self.icmp6_type,
-                                                   code=self.icmp6_code)
+                            p /= ICMPv6EchoRequest(
+                                type=self.icmp6_type, code=self.icmp6_code
+                            )
                         else:
-                            p /= ICMP(type=self.icmp4_type,
-                                      code=self.icmp4_code)
+                            p /= ICMP(type=self.icmp4_type, code=self.icmp4_code)
                     else:
                         p /= self.create_upper_layer(i, pkt_info.proto, ports)
                     if pkt_raw:
@@ -293,8 +309,7 @@ class TestClassifyAcl(TestClassifier):
                     pkts.append(p)
         return pkts
 
-    def verify_capture(self, pg_if, capture,
-                       traffic_type=0, ip_type=0, etype=-1):
+    def verify_capture(self, pg_if, capture, traffic_type=0, ip_type=0, etype=-1):
         """
         Verify captured input packet stream for defined interface.
 
@@ -309,22 +324,21 @@ class TestClassifyAcl(TestClassifier):
         for packet in capture:
             if etype > 0:
                 if packet[Ether].type != etype:
-                    self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected ethertype in packet:",
-                                          packet))
+                    self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected ethertype in packet:", packet))
                 else:
                     continue
             try:
                 # Raw data for ICMPv6 are stored in ICMPv6EchoRequest.data
                 if traffic_type == self.ICMP and ip_type == self.IPV6:
-                    payload_info = self.payload_to_info(
-                        packet[ICMPv6EchoRequest].data)
+                    payload_info = self.payload_to_info(packet[ICMPv6EchoRequest].data)
                     payload = packet[ICMPv6EchoRequest]
                 else:
                     payload_info = self.payload_to_info(packet[Raw])
                     payload = packet[self.proto_map[payload_info.proto]]
             except:
-                self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet "
-                                      "(outside network):", packet))
+                self.logger.error(
+                    ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet (outside network):", packet)
+                )
                 raise
 
             if ip_type != 0:
@@ -338,8 +352,9 @@ class TestClassifyAcl(TestClassifier):
                         self.assertEqual(payload.type, self.icmp6_type)
                         self.assertEqual(payload.code, self.icmp6_code)
                 except:
-                    self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet "
-                                          "(outside network):", packet))
+                    self.logger.error(
+                        ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet (outside network):", packet)
+                    )
                     raise
             else:
                 try:
@@ -349,12 +364,13 @@ class TestClassifyAcl(TestClassifier):
                     packet_index = payload_info.index
 
                     self.assertEqual(payload_info.dst, dst_sw_if_index)
-                    self.logger.debug("Got packet on port %s: src=%u (id=%u)" %
-                                      (pg_if.name, payload_info.src,
-                                       packet_index))
+                    self.logger.debug(
+                        "Got packet on port %s: src=%u (id=%u)"
+                        % (pg_if.name, payload_info.src, packet_index)
+                    )
                     next_info = self.get_next_packet_info_for_interface2(
-                        payload_info.src, dst_sw_if_index,
-                        last_info[payload_info.src])
+                        payload_info.src, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[payload_info.src]
+                    )
                     last_info[payload_info.src] = next_info
                     self.assertTrue(next_info is not None)
                     self.assertEqual(packet_index, next_info.index)
@@ -363,29 +379,26 @@ class TestClassifyAcl(TestClassifier):
                     self.assertEqual(ip.src, saved_packet[ip_version].src)
                     self.assertEqual(ip.dst, saved_packet[ip_version].dst)
                     p = self.proto_map[payload_info.proto]
-                    if p == 'TCP':
+                    if p == "TCP":
                         tcp = packet[TCP]
-                        self.assertEqual(tcp.sport, saved_packet[
-                            TCP].sport)
-                        self.assertEqual(tcp.dport, saved_packet[
-                            TCP].dport)
-                    elif p == 'UDP':
+                        self.assertEqual(tcp.sport, saved_packet[TCP].sport)
+                        self.assertEqual(tcp.dport, saved_packet[TCP].dport)
+                    elif p == "UDP":
                         udp = packet[UDP]
-                        self.assertEqual(udp.sport, saved_packet[
-                            UDP].sport)
-                        self.assertEqual(udp.dport, saved_packet[
-                            UDP].dport)
+                        self.assertEqual(udp.sport, saved_packet[UDP].sport)
+                        self.assertEqual(udp.dport, saved_packet[UDP].dport)
                 except:
-                    self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:",
-                                          packet))
+                    self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:", packet))
                     raise
         for i in self.pg_interfaces:
             remaining_packet = self.get_next_packet_info_for_interface2(
-                i, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[i.sw_if_index])
+                i, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[i.sw_if_index]
+            )
             self.assertTrue(
                 remaining_packet is None,
-                "Port %u: Packet expected from source %u didn't arrive" %
-                (dst_sw_if_index, i.sw_if_index))
+                "Port %u: Packet expected from source %u didn't arrive"
+                % (dst_sw_if_index, i.sw_if_index),
+            )
 
     def run_traffic_no_check(self):
         # Test
@@ -400,16 +413,32 @@ class TestClassifyAcl(TestClassifier):
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
-    def run_verify_test(self, traffic_type=0, ip_type=0, proto=-1, ports=0,
-                        frags=False, pkt_raw=True, etype=-1):
+    def run_verify_test(
+        self,
+        traffic_type=0,
+        ip_type=0,
+        proto=-1,
+        ports=0,
+        frags=False,
+        pkt_raw=True,
+        etype=-1,
+    ):
         # Test
         # Create incoming packet streams for packet-generator interfaces
         pkts_cnt = 0
         for i in self.pg_interfaces:
             if self.flows.__contains__(i):
-                pkts = self.create_stream(i, self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
-                                          traffic_type, ip_type, proto, ports,
-                                          frags, pkt_raw, etype)
+                pkts = self.create_stream(
+                    i,
+                    self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
+                    traffic_type,
+                    ip_type,
+                    proto,
+                    ports,
+                    frags,
+                    pkt_raw,
+                    etype,
+                )
                 if len(pkts) > 0:
                     i.add_stream(pkts)
                     pkts_cnt += len(pkts)
@@ -424,20 +453,27 @@ class TestClassifyAcl(TestClassifier):
             if self.flows.__contains__(src_if):
                 for dst_if in self.flows[src_if]:
                     capture = dst_if.get_capture(pkts_cnt)
-                    self.logger.info("Verifying capture on interface %s" %
-                                     dst_if.name)
-                    self.verify_capture(dst_if, capture,
-                                        traffic_type, ip_type, etype)
+                    self.logger.info("Verifying capture on interface %s" % dst_if.name)
+                    self.verify_capture(dst_if, capture, traffic_type, ip_type, etype)
 
-    def run_verify_negat_test(self, traffic_type=0, ip_type=0, proto=-1,
-                              ports=0, frags=False, etype=-1):
+    def run_verify_negat_test(
+        self, traffic_type=0, ip_type=0, proto=-1, ports=0, frags=False, etype=-1
+    ):
         # Test
         self.reset_packet_infos()
         for i in self.pg_interfaces:
             if self.flows.__contains__(i):
-                pkts = self.create_stream(i, self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
-                                          traffic_type, ip_type, proto, ports,
-                                          frags, True, etype)
+                pkts = self.create_stream(
+                    i,
+                    self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
+                    traffic_type,
+                    ip_type,
+                    proto,
+                    ports,
+                    frags,
+                    True,
+                    etype,
+                )
                 if len(pkts) > 0:
                     i.add_stream(pkts)
 
@@ -450,101 +486,110 @@ class TestClassifyAcl(TestClassifier):
         for src_if in self.pg_interfaces:
             if self.flows.__contains__(src_if):
                 for dst_if in self.flows[src_if]:
-                    self.logger.info("Verifying capture on interface %s" %
-                                     dst_if.name)
+                    self.logger.info("Verifying capture on interface %s" % dst_if.name)
                     capture = dst_if.get_capture(0)
                     self.assertEqual(len(capture), 0)
 
-    def build_classify_table(self, src_mac='', dst_mac='', ether_type='',
-                             etype='', key='mac', hit_next_index=0xffffffff):
+    def build_classify_table(
+        self,
+        src_mac="",
+        dst_mac="",
+        ether_type="",
+        etype="",
+        key="mac",
+        hit_next_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
+    ):
         # Basic ACL testing
-        a_mask = self.build_mac_mask(src_mac=src_mac, dst_mac=dst_mac,
-                                     ether_type=ether_type)
+        a_mask = self.build_mac_mask(
+            src_mac=src_mac, dst_mac=dst_mac, ether_type=ether_type
+        )
         self.create_classify_table(key, a_mask)
         for host in self.hosts_by_pg_idx[self.pg0.sw_if_index]:
-            s_mac = host.mac if src_mac else ''
+            s_mac = host.mac if src_mac else ""
             if dst_mac:
                 for dst_if in self.flows[self.pg0]:
                     for dst_host in self.hosts_by_pg_idx[dst_if.sw_if_index]:
                         self.create_classify_session(
-                            self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key),
-                            self.build_mac_match(src_mac=s_mac,
-                                                 dst_mac=dst_host.mac,
-                                                 ether_type=etype),
-                            hit_next_index=hit_next_index)
+                            self.pg0,
+                            self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key),
+                            self.build_mac_match(
+                                src_mac=s_mac, dst_mac=dst_host.mac, ether_type=etype
+                            ),
+                            hit_next_index=hit_next_index,
+                        )
             else:
                 self.create_classify_session(
-                    self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key),
-                    self.build_mac_match(src_mac=s_mac, dst_mac='',
-                                         ether_type=etype),
-                    hit_next_index=hit_next_index)
+                    self.pg0,
+                    self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key),
+                    self.build_mac_match(src_mac=s_mac, dst_mac="", ether_type=etype),
+                    hit_next_index=hit_next_index,
+                )
 
     def test_0000_warmup_test(self):
-        """ Learn the MAC addresses
-        """
+        """Learn the MAC addresses"""
         self.create_hosts(2)
         self.run_traffic_no_check()
 
     def test_0010_inacl_permit_src_mac(self):
-        """ Input  L2 ACL test - permit source MAC
+        """Input  L2 ACL test - permit source MAC
 
         Test scenario for basic IP ACL with source IP
             - Create IPv4 stream for pg0 -> pg1 interface.
             - Create ACL with source MAC address.
             - Send and verify received packets on pg1 interface.
         """
-        key = 'mac_in'
-        self.build_classify_table(src_mac='ffffffffffff', key=key)
+        key = "mac_in"
+        self.build_classify_table(src_mac="ffffffffffff", key=key)
         self.input_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
         self.acl_active_table = key
         self.run_verify_test(self.IP, self.IPV4, -1)
 
     def test_0011_inacl_permit_dst_mac(self):
-        """ Input  L2 ACL test - permit destination MAC
+        """Input  L2 ACL test - permit destination MAC
 
         Test scenario for basic IP ACL with source IP
             - Create IPv4 stream for pg0 -> pg1 interface.
             - Create ACL with destination MAC address.
             - Send and verify received packets on pg1 interface.
         """
-        key = 'mac_in'
-        self.build_classify_table(dst_mac='ffffffffffff', key=key)
+        key = "mac_in"
+        self.build_classify_table(dst_mac="ffffffffffff", key=key)
         self.input_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
         self.acl_active_table = key
         self.run_verify_test(self.IP, self.IPV4, -1)
 
     def test_0012_inacl_permit_src_dst_mac(self):
-        """ Input  L2 ACL test - permit source and destination MAC
+        """Input  L2 ACL test - permit source and destination MAC
 
         Test scenario for basic IP ACL with source IP
             - Create IPv4 stream for pg0 -> pg1 interface.
             - Create ACL with source and destination MAC addresses.
             - Send and verify received packets on pg1 interface.
         """
-        key = 'mac_in'
+        key = "mac_in"
         self.build_classify_table(
-            src_mac='ffffffffffff', dst_mac='ffffffffffff', key=key)
+            src_mac="ffffffffffff", dst_mac="ffffffffffff", key=key
+        )
         self.input_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
         self.acl_active_table = key
         self.run_verify_test(self.IP, self.IPV4, -1)
 
     def test_0013_inacl_permit_ether_type(self):
-        """ Input  L2 ACL test - permit ether_type
+        """Input  L2 ACL test - permit ether_type
 
         Test scenario for basic IP ACL with source IP
             - Create IPv4 stream for pg0 -> pg1 interface.
             - Create ACL with destination MAC address.
             - Send and verify received packets on pg1 interface.
         """
-        key = 'mac_in'
-        self.build_classify_table(
-            ether_type='ffff', etype=hex(ETH_P_IP)[2:], key=key)
+        key = "mac_in"
+        self.build_classify_table(ether_type="ffff", etype=hex(ETH_P_IP)[2:], key=key)
         self.input_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
         self.acl_active_table = key
         self.run_verify_test(self.IP, self.IPV4, -1)
 
     def test_0015_inacl_deny(self):
-        """ Input  L2 ACL test - deny
+        """Input  L2 ACL test - deny
 
         Test scenario for basic IP ACL with source IP
             - Create IPv4 stream for pg0 -> pg1 interface.
@@ -552,57 +597,55 @@ class TestClassifyAcl(TestClassifier):
             - Create ACL with source MAC address.
             - Send and verify no received packets on pg1 interface.
         """
-        key = 'mac_in'
-        self.build_classify_table(
-            src_mac='ffffffffffff', hit_next_index=0, key=key)
+        key = "mac_in"
+        self.build_classify_table(src_mac="ffffffffffff", hit_next_index=0, key=key)
         self.input_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
         self.acl_active_table = key
         self.run_verify_negat_test(self.IP, self.IPV4, -1)
 
     def test_0020_outacl_permit(self):
-        """ Output L2 ACL test - permit
+        """Output L2 ACL test - permit
 
         Test scenario for basic IP ACL with source IP
             - Create IPv4 stream for pg0 -> pg1 interface.
             - Create ACL with source MAC address.
             - Send and verify received packets on pg1 interface.
         """
-        key = 'mac_out'
-        self.build_classify_table(src_mac='ffffffffffff', key=key)
+        key = "mac_out"
+        self.build_classify_table(src_mac="ffffffffffff", key=key)
         self.output_acl_set_interface(self.pg1, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
         self.acl_active_table = key
         self.run_verify_test(self.IP, self.IPV4, -1)
 
     def test_0025_outacl_deny(self):
-        """ Output L2 ACL test - deny
+        """Output L2 ACL test - deny
 
         Test scenario for basic IP ACL with source IP
             - Create IPv4 stream for pg0 -> pg1 interface.
             - Create ACL with source MAC address.
             - Send and verify no received packets on pg1 interface.
         """
-        key = 'mac_out'
-        self.build_classify_table(
-            src_mac='ffffffffffff', hit_next_index=0, key=key)
+        key = "mac_out"
+        self.build_classify_table(src_mac="ffffffffffff", hit_next_index=0, key=key)
         self.output_acl_set_interface(self.pg1, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
         self.acl_active_table = key
         self.run_verify_negat_test(self.IP, self.IPV4, -1)
 
     def test_0030_inoutacl_permit(self):
-        """ Input+Output L2 ACL test - permit
+        """Input+Output L2 ACL test - permit
 
         Test scenario for basic IP ACL with source IP
             - Create IPv4 stream for pg0 -> pg1 interface.
             - Create ACLs with source MAC address.
             - Send and verify received packets on pg1 interface.
         """
-        key = 'mac_inout'
-        self.build_classify_table(src_mac='ffffffffffff', key=key)
+        key = "mac_inout"
+        self.build_classify_table(src_mac="ffffffffffff", key=key)
         self.output_acl_set_interface(self.pg1, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
         self.input_acl_set_interface(self.pg0, self.acl_tbl_idx.get(key))
         self.acl_active_table = key
         self.run_verify_test(self.IP, self.IPV4, -1)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_cli.py b/test/test_cli.py
index 5005bf4c43a..77dfdc0b9ad 100644
--- a/test/test_cli.py
+++ b/test/test_cli.py
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ from framework import VppTestCase, VppTestRunner
 
 
 class TestCLI(VppTestCase):
-    """ CLI Test Case """
+    """CLI Test Case"""
+
     maxDiff = None
 
     @classmethod
@@ -31,21 +32,21 @@ class TestCLI(VppTestCase):
         super(TestCLI, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_cli_retval(self):
-        """ CLI inband retval """
-        rv = self.vapi.papi.cli_inband(cmd='this command does not exist')
+        """CLI inband retval"""
+        rv = self.vapi.papi.cli_inband(cmd="this command does not exist")
         self.assertNotEqual(rv.retval, 0)
 
-        rv = self.vapi.papi.cli_inband(cmd='show version')
+        rv = self.vapi.papi.cli_inband(cmd="show version")
         self.assertEqual(rv.retval, 0)
 
     def test_long_cli_delay(self):
-        """ Test that VppApiClient raises VppIOError if timeout."""  # noqa
+        """Test that VppApiClient raises VppIOError if timeout."""  # noqa
         with self.assertRaises(VPPIOError) as ctx:
-            rv = self.vapi.papi.cli_inband(cmd='wait 10')
+            rv = self.vapi.papi.cli_inband(cmd="wait 10")
 
     def test_long_cli_delay_override(self):
-        """ Test per-command _timeout option."""  # noqa
-        rv = self.vapi.papi.cli_inband(cmd='wait 10', _timeout=15)
+        """Test per-command _timeout option."""  # noqa
+        rv = self.vapi.papi.cli_inband(cmd="wait 10", _timeout=15)
         self.assertEqual(rv.retval, 0)
 
 
@@ -55,8 +56,10 @@ class TestCLIExtendedVapiTimeout(VppTestCase):
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
         cls.vapi_response_timeout = 15
-        cls.__doc__ = " CLI Test Case w/ Extended (%ssec) Vapi Timeout " \
-                      % cls.vapi_response_timeout
+        cls.__doc__ = (
+            " CLI Test Case w/ Extended (%ssec) Vapi Timeout "
+            % cls.vapi_response_timeout
+        )
         super(TestCLIExtendedVapiTimeout, cls).setUpClass()
 
     @classmethod
@@ -70,19 +73,21 @@ class TestCLIExtendedVapiTimeout(VppTestCase):
         super(TestCLIExtendedVapiTimeout, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_long_cli_delay(self):
-        """ Test that delayed result returns with extended timeout."""
+        """Test that delayed result returns with extended timeout."""
         wait_secs = self.vapi_response_timeout - 1
 
         # get vpp time as float
         start = self.vapi.papi.show_vpe_system_time(
-            _no_type_conversion=True).vpe_system_time
-        rv = self.vapi.papi.cli_inband(cmd='wait %s' % wait_secs)
+            _no_type_conversion=True
+        ).vpe_system_time
+        rv = self.vapi.papi.cli_inband(cmd="wait %s" % wait_secs)
         now = self.vapi.papi.show_vpe_system_time(
-            _no_type_conversion=True).vpe_system_time
+            _no_type_conversion=True
+        ).vpe_system_time
 
         # assume that the overhead of the measurement is not more that .5 sec.
         self.assertEqual(round(now - start), wait_secs)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_cnat.py b/test/test_cnat.py
index 25c2a6454cb..e2e7c6bab8c 100644
--- a/test/test_cnat.py
+++ b/test/test_cnat.py
@@ -15,8 +15,14 @@ from scapy.layers.inet6 import ICMPv6EchoRequest, ICMPv6EchoReply
 
 import struct
 
-from ipaddress import ip_address, ip_network, \
-    IPv4Address, IPv6Address, IPv4Network, IPv6Network
+from ipaddress import (
+    ip_address,
+    ip_network,
+    IPv4Address,
+    IPv6Address,
+    IPv4Network,
+    IPv6Network,
+)
 
 from vpp_object import VppObject
 from vpp_papi import VppEnum
@@ -29,18 +35,27 @@ DST = 1
 
 
 class CnatCommonTestCase(VppTestCase):
-    """ CNat common test class """
+    """CNat common test class"""
 
     #
     # turn the scanner off whilst testing otherwise sessions
     # will time out
     #
-    extra_vpp_punt_config = ["cnat", "{",
-                             "session-db-buckets", "64",
-                             "session-cleanup-timeout", "0.1",
-                             "session-max-age", "1",
-                             "tcp-max-age", "1",
-                             "scanner", "off", "}"]
+    extra_vpp_punt_config = [
+        "cnat",
+        "{",
+        "session-db-buckets",
+        "64",
+        "session-cleanup-timeout",
+        "0.1",
+        "session-max-age",
+        "1",
+        "tcp-max-age",
+        "1",
+        "scanner",
+        "off",
+        "}",
+    ]
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -52,7 +67,7 @@ class CnatCommonTestCase(VppTestCase):
 
 
 class Endpoint(object):
-    """ CNat endpoint """
+    """CNat endpoint"""
 
     def __init__(self, pg=None, pgi=None, port=0, is_v6=False, ip=None):
         self.port = port
@@ -83,17 +98,18 @@ class Endpoint(object):
         return VppEnum.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP4
 
     def encode(self):
-        return {'addr': self.ip,
-                'port': self.port,
-                'sw_if_index': self.sw_if_index,
-                'if_af': self._vpp_if_af()}
+        return {
+            "addr": self.ip,
+            "port": self.port,
+            "sw_if_index": self.sw_if_index,
+            "if_af": self._vpp_if_af(),
+        }
 
     def __str__(self):
-        return ("%s:%d" % (self.ip, self.port))
+        return "%s:%d" % (self.ip, self.port)
 
 
 class Translation(VppObject):
-
     def __init__(self, test, iproto, vip, paths):
         self._test = test
         self.vip = vip
@@ -102,7 +118,7 @@ class Translation(VppObject):
         self.id = None
 
     def __str__(self):
-        return ("%s %s %s" % (self.vip, self.iproto, self.paths))
+        return "%s %s %s" % (self.vip, self.iproto, self.paths)
 
     def _vl4_proto(self):
         ip_proto = VppEnum.vl_api_ip_proto_t
@@ -112,21 +128,26 @@ class Translation(VppObject):
         }[self.iproto]
 
     def _encoded_paths(self):
-        return [{'src_ep': src.encode(),
-                 'dst_ep': dst.encode()} for (src, dst) in self.paths]
+        return [
+            {"src_ep": src.encode(), "dst_ep": dst.encode()}
+            for (src, dst) in self.paths
+        ]
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
         r = self._test.vapi.cnat_translation_update(
-            {'vip': self.vip.encode(),
-             'ip_proto': self._vl4_proto(),
-             'n_paths': len(self.paths),
-             'paths': self._encoded_paths()})
+            {
+                "vip": self.vip.encode(),
+                "ip_proto": self._vl4_proto(),
+                "n_paths": len(self.paths),
+                "paths": self._encoded_paths(),
+            }
+        )
         self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
         self.id = r.id
         return self
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
-        assert(self.id is not None)
+        assert self.id is not None
         self._test.vapi.cnat_translation_del(id=self.id)
         return self
 
@@ -172,8 +193,9 @@ class CnatTestContext(object):
     def IP46(self):
         return IPv6 if self.is_v6 else IP
 
-    def cnat_send(self, src_pg, src_id, src_port, dst_pg, dst_id, dst_port,
-                  no_replies=False):
+    def cnat_send(
+        self, src_pg, src_id, src_port, dst_pg, dst_id, dst_port, no_replies=False
+    ):
         if isinstance(src_id, int):
             self.src_addr = self.get_ip46(src_pg.remote_hosts[src_id])
         else:
@@ -191,11 +213,12 @@ class CnatTestContext(object):
             l4 = self.L4PROTO(id=self.src_port, type=self.dst_port)
         elif self.L4PROTO in [ICMP] and self.is_v6:
             l4 = ICMPv6EchoRequest(id=self.src_port)
-        p1 = (Ether(src=src_pg.remote_mac,
-                    dst=src_pg.local_mac) /
-              self.IP46(src=self.src_addr, dst=self.dst_addr) /
-              l4 /
-              Raw())
+        p1 = (
+            Ether(src=src_pg.remote_mac, dst=src_pg.local_mac)
+            / self.IP46(src=self.src_addr, dst=self.dst_addr)
+            / l4
+            / Raw()
+        )
 
         if no_replies:
             self._test.send_and_assert_no_replies(src_pg, p1 * N_PKTS, dst_pg)
@@ -230,38 +253,35 @@ class CnatTestContext(object):
             self._test.assertEqual(rx[self.IP46].dst, self.expect_dst_addr)
             self._test.assertEqual(rx[self.IP46].src, self.expect_src_addr)
             if self.L4PROTO in [TCP, UDP]:
-                self._test.assertEqual(
-                    rx[self.L4PROTO].dport, self.expect_dst_port)
-                self._test.assertEqual(
-                    rx[self.L4PROTO].sport, self.expect_src_port)
+                self._test.assertEqual(rx[self.L4PROTO].dport, self.expect_dst_port)
+                self._test.assertEqual(rx[self.L4PROTO].sport, self.expect_src_port)
             elif self.L4PROTO in [ICMP] and not self.is_v6:
-                self._test.assertEqual(
-                    rx[self.L4PROTO].type, self.expect_dst_port)
-                self._test.assertEqual(
-                    rx[self.L4PROTO].id, self.expect_src_port)
+                self._test.assertEqual(rx[self.L4PROTO].type, self.expect_dst_port)
+                self._test.assertEqual(rx[self.L4PROTO].id, self.expect_src_port)
             elif self.L4PROTO in [ICMP] and self.is_v6:
-                self._test.assertEqual(
-                    rx[ICMPv6EchoRequest].id, self.expect_src_port)
+                self._test.assertEqual(rx[ICMPv6EchoRequest].id, self.expect_src_port)
         return self
 
     def cnat_send_return(self):
         """This sends the return traffic"""
         if self.L4PROTO in [TCP, UDP]:
-            l4 = self.L4PROTO(sport=self.expect_dst_port,
-                              dport=self.expect_src_port)
+            l4 = self.L4PROTO(sport=self.expect_dst_port, dport=self.expect_src_port)
         elif self.L4PROTO in [ICMP] and not self.is_v6:
             # icmp type 0 if echo reply
             l4 = self.L4PROTO(id=self.expect_src_port, type=0)
         elif self.L4PROTO in [ICMP] and self.is_v6:
             l4 = ICMPv6EchoReply(id=self.expect_src_port)
         src_mac = self.expected_dst_pg.remote_mac
-        p1 = (Ether(src=src_mac, dst=self.expected_dst_pg.local_mac) /
-              self.IP46(src=self.expect_dst_addr, dst=self.expect_src_addr) /
-              l4 /
-              Raw())
+        p1 = (
+            Ether(src=src_mac, dst=self.expected_dst_pg.local_mac)
+            / self.IP46(src=self.expect_dst_addr, dst=self.expect_src_addr)
+            / l4
+            / Raw()
+        )
 
         self.return_rxs = self._test.send_and_expect(
-            self.expected_dst_pg, p1 * N_PKTS, self.expected_src_pg)
+            self.expected_dst_pg, p1 * N_PKTS, self.expected_src_pg
+        )
         return self
 
     def cnat_expect_return(self):
@@ -288,12 +308,16 @@ class CnatTestContext(object):
         ICMPelem = ICMPv6DestUnreach(code=1) if self.is_v6 else ICMP(type=11)
         InnerIP = self.rxs[0][self.IP46]
         p1 = (
-            Ether(src=self.expected_dst_pg.remote_mac,
-                  dst=self.expected_dst_pg.local_mac) /
-            self.IP46(src=self.expect_dst_addr, dst=self.expect_src_addr) /
-            ICMPelem / InnerIP)
+            Ether(
+                src=self.expected_dst_pg.remote_mac, dst=self.expected_dst_pg.local_mac
+            )
+            / self.IP46(src=self.expect_dst_addr, dst=self.expect_src_addr)
+            / ICMPelem
+            / InnerIP
+        )
         self.return_rxs = self._test.send_and_expect(
-            self.expected_dst_pg, p1 * N_PKTS, self.expected_src_pg)
+            self.expected_dst_pg, p1 * N_PKTS, self.expected_src_pg
+        )
         return self
 
     def cnat_expect_icmp_error_return(self):
@@ -306,12 +330,11 @@ class CnatTestContext(object):
             self._test.assertEqual(rx[self.IP46].src, self.dst_addr)
             self._test.assertEqual(rx[ICMP46][IP46err].src, self.src_addr)
             self._test.assertEqual(rx[ICMP46][IP46err].dst, self.dst_addr)
-            self._test.assertEqual(
-                rx[ICMP46][IP46err][L4err].sport, self.src_port)
-            self._test.assertEqual(
-                rx[ICMP46][IP46err][L4err].dport, self.dst_port)
+            self._test.assertEqual(rx[ICMP46][IP46err][L4err].sport, self.src_port)
+            self._test.assertEqual(rx[ICMP46][IP46err][L4err].dport, self.dst_port)
         return self
 
+
 # -------------------------------------------------------------------
 # -------------------------------------------------------------------
 # -------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -319,7 +342,7 @@ class CnatTestContext(object):
 
 
 class TestCNatTranslation(CnatCommonTestCase):
-    """ CNat Translation """
+    """CNat Translation"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -359,7 +382,7 @@ class TestCNatTranslation(CnatCommonTestCase):
         super(TestCNatTranslation, self).tearDown()
 
     def cnat_translation(self):
-        """ CNat Translation """
+        """CNat Translation"""
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh cnat client"))
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh cnat translation"))
 
@@ -372,11 +395,9 @@ class TestCNatTranslation(CnatCommonTestCase):
             ctx = CnatTestContext(self, translation.iproto, vip.is_v6)
             for src_pgi, sport in product(range(N_REMOTE_HOSTS), [1234, 1233]):
                 # from client to vip
-                ctx.cnat_send(self.pg0, src_pgi, sport,
-                              self.pg1, vip.ip, vip.port)
+                ctx.cnat_send(self.pg0, src_pgi, sport, self.pg1, vip.ip, vip.port)
                 dst_port = translation.paths[0][DST].port
-                ctx.cnat_expect(self.pg0, src_pgi, sport,
-                                self.pg1, nbr, dst_port)
+                ctx.cnat_expect(self.pg0, src_pgi, sport, self.pg1, nbr, dst_port)
                 # from vip to client
                 ctx.cnat_send_return().cnat_expect_return()
 
@@ -384,8 +405,9 @@ class TestCNatTranslation(CnatCommonTestCase):
                 # packets to the VIP that do not match a
                 # translation are dropped
                 #
-                ctx.cnat_send(self.pg0, src_pgi, sport, self.pg1,
-                              vip.ip, 6666, no_replies=True)
+                ctx.cnat_send(
+                    self.pg0, src_pgi, sport, self.pg1, vip.ip, 6666, no_replies=True
+                )
 
                 #
                 # packets from the VIP that do not match a
@@ -399,7 +421,8 @@ class TestCNatTranslation(CnatCommonTestCase):
             #
             old_dst_port = translation.paths[0][DST].port
             translation.paths[0][DST].udpate(
-                pg=self.pg2, pgi=0, port=5000, is_v6=vip.is_v6)
+                pg=self.pg2, pgi=0, port=5000, is_v6=vip.is_v6
+            )
             translation.add_vpp_config()
 
             #
@@ -408,10 +431,10 @@ class TestCNatTranslation(CnatCommonTestCase):
             for src_pgi in range(N_REMOTE_HOSTS):
                 for sport in [1234, 1233]:
                     # from client to vip
-                    ctx.cnat_send(self.pg0, src_pgi, sport,
-                                  self.pg1, vip.ip, vip.port)
-                    ctx.cnat_expect(self.pg0, src_pgi, sport,
-                                    self.pg1, nbr, old_dst_port)
+                    ctx.cnat_send(self.pg0, src_pgi, sport, self.pg1, vip.ip, vip.port)
+                    ctx.cnat_expect(
+                        self.pg0, src_pgi, sport, self.pg1, nbr, old_dst_port
+                    )
                     # from vip to client
                     ctx.cnat_send_return().cnat_expect_return()
 
@@ -419,8 +442,7 @@ class TestCNatTranslation(CnatCommonTestCase):
             # new flows go to the new backend
             #
             for src_pgi in range(N_REMOTE_HOSTS):
-                ctx.cnat_send(self.pg0, src_pgi, 9999,
-                              self.pg2, vip.ip, vip.port)
+                ctx.cnat_send(self.pg0, src_pgi, 9999, self.pg2, vip.ip, vip.port)
                 ctx.cnat_expect(self.pg0, src_pgi, 9999, self.pg2, 0, 5000)
 
             self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh cnat session verbose"))
@@ -444,10 +466,8 @@ class TestCNatTranslation(CnatCommonTestCase):
             for src_pgi in range(N_REMOTE_HOSTS):
                 for sport in [1234, 1233]:
                     # from client to vip
-                    ctx.cnat_send(self.pg0, src_pgi, sport,
-                                  self.pg2, vip.ip, vip.port)
-                    ctx.cnat_expect(self.pg0, src_pgi,
-                                    sport, self.pg2, 0, 5000)
+                    ctx.cnat_send(self.pg0, src_pgi, sport, self.pg2, vip.ip, vip.port)
+                    ctx.cnat_expect(self.pg0, src_pgi, sport, self.pg2, 0, 5000)
 
     def _test_icmp(self):
 
@@ -477,51 +497,87 @@ class TestCNatTranslation(CnatCommonTestCase):
 
     def _make_translations_v4(self):
         self.translations = []
-        self.translations.append(Translation(
-            self, TCP, Endpoint(ip="30.0.0.1", port=5555, is_v6=False),
-            [(
-                Endpoint(is_v6=False),
-                Endpoint(pg=self.pg1, pgi=0, port=4001, is_v6=False),
-            )]
-        ).add_vpp_config())
-        self.translations.append(Translation(
-            self, TCP, Endpoint(ip="30.0.0.2", port=5554, is_v6=False),
-            [(
-                Endpoint(is_v6=False),
-                Endpoint(pg=self.pg1, pgi=1, port=4002, is_v6=False),
-            )]
-        ).add_vpp_config())
-        self.translations.append(Translation(
-            self, UDP, Endpoint(ip="30.0.0.2", port=5553, is_v6=False),
-            [(
-                Endpoint(is_v6=False),
-                Endpoint(pg=self.pg1, pgi=2, port=4003, is_v6=False),
-            )]
-        ).add_vpp_config())
+        self.translations.append(
+            Translation(
+                self,
+                TCP,
+                Endpoint(ip="30.0.0.1", port=5555, is_v6=False),
+                [
+                    (
+                        Endpoint(is_v6=False),
+                        Endpoint(pg=self.pg1, pgi=0, port=4001, is_v6=False),
+                    )
+                ],
+            ).add_vpp_config()
+        )
+        self.translations.append(
+            Translation(
+                self,
+                TCP,
+                Endpoint(ip="30.0.0.2", port=5554, is_v6=False),
+                [
+                    (
+                        Endpoint(is_v6=False),
+                        Endpoint(pg=self.pg1, pgi=1, port=4002, is_v6=False),
+                    )
+                ],
+            ).add_vpp_config()
+        )
+        self.translations.append(
+            Translation(
+                self,
+                UDP,
+                Endpoint(ip="30.0.0.2", port=5553, is_v6=False),
+                [
+                    (
+                        Endpoint(is_v6=False),
+                        Endpoint(pg=self.pg1, pgi=2, port=4003, is_v6=False),
+                    )
+                ],
+            ).add_vpp_config()
+        )
 
     def _make_translations_v6(self):
         self.translations = []
-        self.translations.append(Translation(
-            self, TCP, Endpoint(ip="30::1", port=5555, is_v6=True),
-            [(
-                Endpoint(is_v6=True),
-                Endpoint(pg=self.pg1, pgi=0, port=4001, is_v6=True),
-            )]
-        ).add_vpp_config())
-        self.translations.append(Translation(
-            self, TCP, Endpoint(ip="30::2", port=5554, is_v6=True),
-            [(
-                Endpoint(is_v6=True),
-                Endpoint(pg=self.pg1, pgi=1, port=4002, is_v6=True),
-            )]
-        ).add_vpp_config())
-        self.translations.append(Translation(
-            self, UDP, Endpoint(ip="30::2", port=5553, is_v6=True),
-            [(
-                Endpoint(is_v6=True),
-                Endpoint(pg=self.pg1, pgi=2, port=4003, is_v6=True),
-            )]
-        ).add_vpp_config())
+        self.translations.append(
+            Translation(
+                self,
+                TCP,
+                Endpoint(ip="30::1", port=5555, is_v6=True),
+                [
+                    (
+                        Endpoint(is_v6=True),
+                        Endpoint(pg=self.pg1, pgi=0, port=4001, is_v6=True),
+                    )
+                ],
+            ).add_vpp_config()
+        )
+        self.translations.append(
+            Translation(
+                self,
+                TCP,
+                Endpoint(ip="30::2", port=5554, is_v6=True),
+                [
+                    (
+                        Endpoint(is_v6=True),
+                        Endpoint(pg=self.pg1, pgi=1, port=4002, is_v6=True),
+                    )
+                ],
+            ).add_vpp_config()
+        )
+        self.translations.append(
+            Translation(
+                self,
+                UDP,
+                Endpoint(ip="30::2", port=5553, is_v6=True),
+                [
+                    (
+                        Endpoint(is_v6=True),
+                        Endpoint(pg=self.pg1, pgi=2, port=4003, is_v6=True),
+                    )
+                ],
+            ).add_vpp_config()
+        )
 
     def test_icmp4(self):
         # """ CNat Translation icmp v4 """
@@ -545,7 +601,7 @@ class TestCNatTranslation(CnatCommonTestCase):
 
 
 class TestCNatSourceNAT(CnatCommonTestCase):
-    """ CNat Source NAT """
+    """CNat Source NAT"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -559,28 +615,36 @@ class TestCNatSourceNAT(CnatCommonTestCase):
         self.vapi.cnat_set_snat_addresses(
             snat_ip4=self.pg2.remote_hosts[0].ip4,
             snat_ip6=self.pg2.remote_hosts[0].ip6,
-            sw_if_index=INVALID_INDEX)
+            sw_if_index=INVALID_INDEX,
+        )
         self.vapi.feature_enable_disable(
             enable=1 if is_enable else 0,
             arc_name="ip6-unicast",
             feature_name="cnat-snat-ip6",
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+        )
         self.vapi.feature_enable_disable(
             enable=1 if is_enable else 0,
             arc_name="ip4-unicast",
             feature_name="cnat-snat-ip4",
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+        )
 
         policie_tbls = VppEnum.vl_api_cnat_snat_policy_table_t
         self.vapi.cnat_set_snat_policy(
-            policy=VppEnum.vl_api_cnat_snat_policies_t.CNAT_POLICY_IF_PFX)
+            policy=VppEnum.vl_api_cnat_snat_policies_t.CNAT_POLICY_IF_PFX
+        )
         for i in self.pg_interfaces:
             self.vapi.cnat_snat_policy_add_del_if(
-                sw_if_index=i.sw_if_index, is_add=1 if is_enable else 0,
-                table=policie_tbls.CNAT_POLICY_INCLUDE_V6)
+                sw_if_index=i.sw_if_index,
+                is_add=1 if is_enable else 0,
+                table=policie_tbls.CNAT_POLICY_INCLUDE_V6,
+            )
             self.vapi.cnat_snat_policy_add_del_if(
-                sw_if_index=i.sw_if_index, is_add=1 if is_enable else 0,
-                table=policie_tbls.CNAT_POLICY_INCLUDE_V4)
+                sw_if_index=i.sw_if_index,
+                is_add=1 if is_enable else 0,
+                table=policie_tbls.CNAT_POLICY_INCLUDE_V4,
+            )
 
     def setUp(self):
         super(TestCNatSourceNAT, self).setUp()
@@ -624,7 +688,7 @@ class TestCNatSourceNAT(CnatCommonTestCase):
     def sourcenat_test_icmp_echo_conf(self, is_v6=False):
         ctx = CnatTestContext(self, ICMP, is_v6=is_v6)
         # 8 is ICMP type echo (v4 only)
-        ctx.cnat_send(self.pg0, 0, 0xfeed, self.pg1, 0, 8)
+        ctx.cnat_send(self.pg0, 0, 0xFEED, self.pg1, 0, 8)
         ctx.cnat_expect(self.pg2, 0, None, self.pg1, 0, 8)
         ctx.cnat_send_return().cnat_expect_return()
 
@@ -638,14 +702,15 @@ class TestCNatSourceNAT(CnatCommonTestCase):
         # exclude dst address of pg1.1 from snat
         if is_v6:
             exclude_prefix = ip_network(
-                "%s/100" % self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip6, strict=False)
+                "%s/100" % self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip6, strict=False
+            )
         else:
             exclude_prefix = ip_network(
-                "%s/16" % self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4, strict=False)
+                "%s/16" % self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4, strict=False
+            )
 
         # add remote host to exclude list
-        self.vapi.cnat_snat_policy_add_del_exclude_pfx(
-            prefix=exclude_prefix, is_add=1)
+        self.vapi.cnat_snat_policy_add_del_exclude_pfx(prefix=exclude_prefix, is_add=1)
 
         # We should not source NAT the id=1
         ctx.cnat_send(self.pg0, 0, 1234, self.pg1, 1, 6661)
@@ -658,8 +723,7 @@ class TestCNatSourceNAT(CnatCommonTestCase):
         ctx.cnat_send_return().cnat_expect_return()
 
         # remove remote host from exclude list
-        self.vapi.cnat_snat_policy_add_del_exclude_pfx(
-            prefix=exclude_prefix, is_add=0)
+        self.vapi.cnat_snat_policy_add_del_exclude_pfx(prefix=exclude_prefix, is_add=0)
         self.vapi.cnat_session_purge()
 
         # We should source NAT again
@@ -676,7 +740,7 @@ class TestCNatSourceNAT(CnatCommonTestCase):
 
 
 class TestCNatDHCP(CnatCommonTestCase):
-    """ CNat Translation """
+    """CNat Translation"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -703,33 +767,35 @@ class TestCNatDHCP(CnatCommonTestCase):
 
     def check_resolved(self, tr, addr_id, is_v6=False):
         qt = tr.query_vpp_config()
-        self.assertEqual(str(qt.vip.addr), self.make_addr(
-            tr.vip.sw_if_index, addr_id, is_v6))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            str(qt.vip.addr), self.make_addr(tr.vip.sw_if_index, addr_id, is_v6)
+        )
         self.assertEqual(len(qt.paths), len(tr.paths))
         for path_tr, path_qt in zip(tr.paths, qt.paths):
             src_qt = path_qt.src_ep
             dst_qt = path_qt.dst_ep
             src_tr, dst_tr = path_tr
-            self.assertEqual(str(src_qt.addr), self.make_addr(
-                src_tr.sw_if_index, addr_id, is_v6))
-            self.assertEqual(str(dst_qt.addr), self.make_addr(
-                dst_tr.sw_if_index, addr_id, is_v6))
+            self.assertEqual(
+                str(src_qt.addr), self.make_addr(src_tr.sw_if_index, addr_id, is_v6)
+            )
+            self.assertEqual(
+                str(dst_qt.addr), self.make_addr(dst_tr.sw_if_index, addr_id, is_v6)
+            )
 
     def add_del_address(self, pg, addr_id, is_add=True, is_v6=False):
         self.vapi.sw_interface_add_del_address(
             sw_if_index=pg.sw_if_index,
             prefix=self.make_prefix(pg.sw_if_index, addr_id, is_v6),
-            is_add=1 if is_add else 0)
+            is_add=1 if is_add else 0,
+        )
 
     def _test_dhcp_v46(self, is_v6):
         self.create_pg_interfaces(range(4))
         for i in self.pg_interfaces:
             i.admin_up()
         paths = [
-            (Endpoint(pg=self.pg1, is_v6=is_v6),
-             Endpoint(pg=self.pg2, is_v6=is_v6)),
-            (Endpoint(pg=self.pg1, is_v6=is_v6),
-             Endpoint(pg=self.pg3, is_v6=is_v6))
+            (Endpoint(pg=self.pg1, is_v6=is_v6), Endpoint(pg=self.pg2, is_v6=is_v6)),
+            (Endpoint(pg=self.pg1, is_v6=is_v6), Endpoint(pg=self.pg3, is_v6=is_v6)),
         ]
         ep = Endpoint(pg=self.pg0, is_v6=is_v6)
         t = Translation(self, TCP, ep, paths).add_vpp_config()
@@ -766,10 +832,13 @@ class TestCNatDHCP(CnatCommonTestCase):
             self.add_del_address(pg, addr_id=0, is_add=True, is_v6=False)
             self.add_del_address(pg, addr_id=0, is_add=True, is_v6=True)
         r = self.vapi.cnat_get_snat_addresses()
-        self.assertEqual(str(r.snat_ip4), self.make_addr(
-            self.pg0.sw_if_index, addr_id=0, is_v6=False))
-        self.assertEqual(str(r.snat_ip6), self.make_addr(
-            self.pg0.sw_if_index, addr_id=0, is_v6=True))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            str(r.snat_ip4),
+            self.make_addr(self.pg0.sw_if_index, addr_id=0, is_v6=False),
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            str(r.snat_ip6), self.make_addr(self.pg0.sw_if_index, addr_id=0, is_v6=True)
+        )
         # Add a new address on every interface, remove the old one
         # and check it is reflected in the cnat config
         for pg in self.pg_interfaces:
@@ -778,10 +847,13 @@ class TestCNatDHCP(CnatCommonTestCase):
             self.add_del_address(pg, addr_id=0, is_add=False, is_v6=False)
             self.add_del_address(pg, addr_id=0, is_add=False, is_v6=True)
         r = self.vapi.cnat_get_snat_addresses()
-        self.assertEqual(str(r.snat_ip4), self.make_addr(
-            self.pg0.sw_if_index, addr_id=1, is_v6=False))
-        self.assertEqual(str(r.snat_ip6), self.make_addr(
-            self.pg0.sw_if_index, addr_id=1, is_v6=True))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            str(r.snat_ip4),
+            self.make_addr(self.pg0.sw_if_index, addr_id=1, is_v6=False),
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            str(r.snat_ip6), self.make_addr(self.pg0.sw_if_index, addr_id=1, is_v6=True)
+        )
         # remove the configuration
         for pg in self.pg_interfaces:
             self.add_del_address(pg, addr_id=1, is_add=False, is_v6=False)
@@ -789,5 +861,5 @@ class TestCNatDHCP(CnatCommonTestCase):
         self.vapi.cnat_set_snat_addresses(sw_if_index=INVALID_INDEX)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_container.py b/test/test_container.py
index 739aaaf915a..d79e5c3c67d 100644
--- a/test/test_container.py
+++ b/test/test_container.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class Conn(L4_Conn):
 
 @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
 class ContainerIntegrationTestCase(VppTestCase):
-    """ Container integration extended testcases """
+    """Container integration extended testcases"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -43,22 +43,21 @@ class ContainerIntegrationTestCase(VppTestCase):
         super(ContainerIntegrationTestCase, cls).tearDownClass()
 
     def tearDown(self):
-        """Run standard test teardown and log various show commands
-        """
+        """Run standard test teardown and log various show commands"""
         super(ContainerIntegrationTestCase, self).tearDown()
 
     def show_commands_at_teardown(self):
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show ip neighbors"))
 
     def run_basic_conn_test(self, af, acl_side):
-        """ Basic connectivity test """
+        """Basic connectivity test"""
         conn1 = Conn(self, self.pg0, self.pg1, af, UDP, 42001, 4242)
         conn1.send_through(0)
         # the return packets should pass
         conn1.send_through(1)
 
     def run_negative_conn_test(self, af, acl_side):
-        """ Packets with local spoofed address """
+        """Packets with local spoofed address"""
         conn1 = Conn(self, self.pg0, self.pg1, af, UDP, 42001, 4242)
         try:
             p2 = conn1.send_through(0).command()
@@ -69,15 +68,15 @@ class ContainerIntegrationTestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.assert_equal(p2, None, ": packet should have been dropped")
 
     def test_0010_basic_conn_test(self):
-        """ IPv4 basic connectivity test """
+        """IPv4 basic connectivity test"""
         self.run_basic_conn_test(AF_INET, 0)
 
     def test_0011_basic_conn_test(self):
-        """ IPv6 basic connectivity test """
+        """IPv6 basic connectivity test"""
         self.run_basic_conn_test(AF_INET6, 0)
 
     def test_0050_loopback_prepare_test(self):
-        """ Create loopbacks overlapping with remote addresses """
+        """Create loopbacks overlapping with remote addresses"""
         self.create_loopback_interfaces(2)
         for i in range(2):
             intf = self.lo_interfaces[i]
@@ -90,47 +89,60 @@ class ContainerIntegrationTestCase(VppTestCase):
             intf.config_ip6()
 
     def test_0110_basic_conn_test(self):
-        """ IPv4 local-spoof connectivity test """
+        """IPv4 local-spoof connectivity test"""
         self.run_negative_conn_test(AF_INET, 0)
 
     def test_0111_basic_conn_test(self):
-        """ IPv6 local-spoof connectivity test """
+        """IPv6 local-spoof connectivity test"""
         self.run_negative_conn_test(AF_INET, 1)
 
     def test_0200_basic_conn_test(self):
-        """ Configure container commands """
+        """Configure container commands"""
         for i in range(2):
-            for addr in [self.pg_interfaces[i].remote_ip4,
-                         self.pg_interfaces[i].remote_ip6]:
-                self.vapi.ppcli("ip container " + addr + " " +
-                                self.pg_interfaces[i].name)
-                self.vapi.ppcli("stn rule address " + addr +
-                                " interface " + self.pg_interfaces[i].name)
+            for addr in [
+                self.pg_interfaces[i].remote_ip4,
+                self.pg_interfaces[i].remote_ip6,
+            ]:
+                self.vapi.ppcli(
+                    "ip container " + addr + " " + self.pg_interfaces[i].name
+                )
+                self.vapi.ppcli(
+                    "stn rule address "
+                    + addr
+                    + " interface "
+                    + self.pg_interfaces[i].name
+                )
 
     def test_0210_basic_conn_test(self):
-        """ IPv4 test after configuring container """
+        """IPv4 test after configuring container"""
         self.run_basic_conn_test(AF_INET, 0)
 
     def test_0211_basic_conn_test(self):
-        """ IPv6 test after configuring container """
+        """IPv6 test after configuring container"""
         self.run_basic_conn_test(AF_INET, 1)
 
     def test_0300_unconfigure_commands(self):
-        """ Unconfigure container commands """
+        """Unconfigure container commands"""
         for i in range(2):
-            for addr in [self.pg_interfaces[i].remote_ip4,
-                         self.pg_interfaces[i].remote_ip6]:
-                self.vapi.ppcli("ip container " + addr + " " +
-                                self.pg_interfaces[i].name +
-                                " del")
-                self.vapi.ppcli("stn rule address " + addr +
-                                " interface " + self.pg_interfaces[i].name +
-                                " del")
+            for addr in [
+                self.pg_interfaces[i].remote_ip4,
+                self.pg_interfaces[i].remote_ip6,
+            ]:
+                self.vapi.ppcli(
+                    "ip container " + addr + " " + self.pg_interfaces[i].name + " del"
+                )
+                self.vapi.ppcli(
+                    "stn rule address "
+                    + addr
+                    + " interface "
+                    + self.pg_interfaces[i].name
+                    + " del"
+                )
 
     def test_0410_spoof_test(self):
-        """ IPv4 local-spoof after unconfig test """
+        """IPv4 local-spoof after unconfig test"""
         self.run_negative_conn_test(AF_INET, 0)
 
     def test_0411_spoof_test(self):
-        """ IPv6 local-spoof after unconfig test """
+        """IPv6 local-spoof after unconfig test"""
         self.run_negative_conn_test(AF_INET, 1)
diff --git a/test/test_counters.py b/test/test_counters.py
index e4cb85621d0..158b07eb063 100644
--- a/test/test_counters.py
+++ b/test/test_counters.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from framework import tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 class TestCounters(VppTestCase):
-    """ Counters C Unit Tests """
+    """Counters C Unit Tests"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -23,17 +23,17 @@ class TestCounters(VppTestCase):
         super(TestCounters, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_counter_simple_expand(self):
-        """ Simple Counter Expand """
+        """Simple Counter Expand"""
         error = self.vapi.cli("test counter simple expand")
 
         if error:
             self.logger.critical(error)
-            self.assertNotIn('failed', error)
+            self.assertNotIn("failed", error)
 
     def test_counter_combined_expand(self):
-        """ Combined Counter Expand """
+        """Combined Counter Expand"""
         error = self.vapi.cli("test counter combined expand")
 
         if error:
             self.logger.critical(error)
-            self.assertNotIn('failed', error)
+            self.assertNotIn("failed", error)
diff --git a/test/test_crypto.py b/test/test_crypto.py
index aa62dba1bab..07ddd2c0f08 100644
--- a/test/test_crypto.py
+++ b/test/test_crypto.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from framework import VppTestCase, VppTestRunner
 
 
 class TestCrypto(VppTestCase):
-    """ Crypto Test Case """
+    """Crypto Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -17,12 +17,13 @@ class TestCrypto(VppTestCase):
         super(TestCrypto, cls).tearDownClass()
 
     def test_crypto(self):
-        """ Crypto Unit Tests """
+        """Crypto Unit Tests"""
         error = self.vapi.cli("test crypto")
 
         if error:
             self.logger.critical(error)
         self.assertNotIn("FAIL", error)
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_det44.py b/test/test_det44.py
index f137e760c38..ecd57a65b05 100644
--- a/test/test_det44.py
+++ b/test/test_det44.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ from util import ppp
 
 
 class TestDET44(VppTestCase):
-    """ Deterministic NAT Test Cases """
+    """Deterministic NAT Test Cases"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class TestDET44(VppTestCase):
         cls.udp_port_in = 6304
         cls.udp_external_port = 6304
         cls.icmp_id_in = 6305
-        cls.nat_addr = '10.0.0.3'
+        cls.nat_addr = "10.0.0.3"
 
         cls.create_pg_interfaces(range(3))
         cls.interfaces = list(cls.pg_interfaces)
@@ -79,8 +79,9 @@ class TestDET44(VppTestCase):
                     self.assertEqual(packet[ICMP].id, self.icmp_id_in)
             except:
                 fired = True
-                self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet "
-                                      "(inside network):", packet))
+                self.logger.error(
+                    ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet (inside network):", packet)
+                )
         if fired:
             raise
 
@@ -112,10 +113,11 @@ class TestDET44(VppTestCase):
         """
 
         # SYN packet in->out
-        p = (Ether(src=in_if.remote_mac, dst=in_if.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=in_if.remote_ip4, dst=out_if.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=self.tcp_external_port,
-             flags="S"))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=in_if.remote_mac, dst=in_if.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=in_if.remote_ip4, dst=out_if.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=self.tcp_external_port, flags="S")
+        )
         in_if.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -124,20 +126,22 @@ class TestDET44(VppTestCase):
         self.tcp_port_out = p[TCP].sport
 
         # SYN + ACK packet out->in
-        p = (Ether(src=out_if.remote_mac, dst=out_if.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=out_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=self.tcp_external_port, dport=self.tcp_port_out,
-             flags="SA"))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=out_if.remote_mac, dst=out_if.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=out_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=self.tcp_external_port, dport=self.tcp_port_out, flags="SA")
+        )
         out_if.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
         in_if.get_capture(1)
 
         # ACK packet in->out
-        p = (Ether(src=in_if.remote_mac, dst=in_if.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=in_if.remote_ip4, dst=out_if.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=self.tcp_external_port,
-             flags="A"))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=in_if.remote_mac, dst=in_if.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=in_if.remote_ip4, dst=out_if.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=self.tcp_external_port, flags="A")
+        )
         in_if.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -153,21 +157,27 @@ class TestDET44(VppTestCase):
         """
         pkts = []
         # TCP
-        p = (Ether(dst=in_if.local_mac, src=in_if.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=in_if.remote_ip4, dst=out_if.remote_ip4, ttl=ttl) /
-             TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=self.tcp_external_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=in_if.local_mac, src=in_if.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=in_if.remote_ip4, dst=out_if.remote_ip4, ttl=ttl)
+            / TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=self.tcp_external_port)
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
 
         # UDP
-        p = (Ether(dst=in_if.local_mac, src=in_if.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=in_if.remote_ip4, dst=out_if.remote_ip4, ttl=ttl) /
-             UDP(sport=self.udp_port_in, dport=self.udp_external_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=in_if.local_mac, src=in_if.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=in_if.remote_ip4, dst=out_if.remote_ip4, ttl=ttl)
+            / UDP(sport=self.udp_port_in, dport=self.udp_external_port)
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
 
         # ICMP
-        p = (Ether(dst=in_if.local_mac, src=in_if.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=in_if.remote_ip4, dst=out_if.remote_ip4, ttl=ttl) /
-             ICMP(id=self.icmp_id_in, type='echo-request'))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=in_if.local_mac, src=in_if.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=in_if.remote_ip4, dst=out_if.remote_ip4, ttl=ttl)
+            / ICMP(id=self.icmp_id_in, type="echo-request")
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
 
         return pkts
@@ -184,21 +194,27 @@ class TestDET44(VppTestCase):
             dst_ip = self.nat_addr
         pkts = []
         # TCP
-        p = (Ether(dst=out_if.local_mac, src=out_if.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=out_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_ip, ttl=ttl) /
-             TCP(dport=self.tcp_port_out, sport=self.tcp_external_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=out_if.local_mac, src=out_if.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=out_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_ip, ttl=ttl)
+            / TCP(dport=self.tcp_port_out, sport=self.tcp_external_port)
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
 
         # UDP
-        p = (Ether(dst=out_if.local_mac, src=out_if.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=out_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_ip, ttl=ttl) /
-             UDP(dport=self.udp_port_out, sport=self.udp_external_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=out_if.local_mac, src=out_if.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=out_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_ip, ttl=ttl)
+            / UDP(dport=self.udp_port_out, sport=self.udp_external_port)
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
 
         # ICMP
-        p = (Ether(dst=out_if.local_mac, src=out_if.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=out_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_ip, ttl=ttl) /
-             ICMP(id=self.icmp_external_id, type='echo-reply'))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=out_if.local_mac, src=out_if.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=out_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_ip, ttl=ttl)
+            / ICMP(id=self.icmp_external_id, type="echo-reply")
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
 
         return pkts
@@ -223,21 +239,26 @@ class TestDET44(VppTestCase):
                 else:
                     self.icmp_external_id = packet[ICMP].id
             except:
-                self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet "
-                                      "(outside network):", packet))
+                self.logger.error(
+                    ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet (outside network):", packet)
+                )
                 raise
 
     def test_deterministic_mode(self):
-        """ NAT plugin run deterministic mode """
-        in_addr = '172.16.255.0'
-        out_addr = '172.17.255.50'
-        in_addr_t = '172.16.255.20'
+        """NAT plugin run deterministic mode"""
+        in_addr = "172.16.255.0"
+        out_addr = "172.17.255.50"
+        in_addr_t = "172.16.255.20"
         in_plen = 24
         out_plen = 32
 
-        self.vapi.det44_add_del_map(is_add=1, in_addr=in_addr,
-                                    in_plen=in_plen, out_addr=out_addr,
-                                    out_plen=out_plen)
+        self.vapi.det44_add_del_map(
+            is_add=1,
+            in_addr=in_addr,
+            in_plen=in_plen,
+            out_addr=out_addr,
+            out_plen=out_plen,
+        )
 
         rep1 = self.vapi.det44_forward(in_addr_t)
         self.assertEqual(str(rep1.out_addr), out_addr)
@@ -254,40 +275,46 @@ class TestDET44(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(out_plen, dsm.out_plen)
 
     def test_set_timeouts(self):
-        """ Set deterministic NAT timeouts """
+        """Set deterministic NAT timeouts"""
         timeouts_before = self.vapi.det44_get_timeouts()
 
         self.vapi.det44_set_timeouts(
             udp=timeouts_before.udp + 10,
             tcp_established=timeouts_before.tcp_established + 10,
             tcp_transitory=timeouts_before.tcp_transitory + 10,
-            icmp=timeouts_before.icmp + 10)
+            icmp=timeouts_before.icmp + 10,
+        )
 
         timeouts_after = self.vapi.det44_get_timeouts()
 
         self.assertNotEqual(timeouts_before.udp, timeouts_after.udp)
         self.assertNotEqual(timeouts_before.icmp, timeouts_after.icmp)
-        self.assertNotEqual(timeouts_before.tcp_established,
-                            timeouts_after.tcp_established)
-        self.assertNotEqual(timeouts_before.tcp_transitory,
-                            timeouts_after.tcp_transitory)
+        self.assertNotEqual(
+            timeouts_before.tcp_established, timeouts_after.tcp_established
+        )
+        self.assertNotEqual(
+            timeouts_before.tcp_transitory, timeouts_after.tcp_transitory
+        )
 
     def test_in(self):
-        """ DET44 translation test (TCP, UDP, ICMP) """
+        """DET44 translation test (TCP, UDP, ICMP)"""
 
         nat_ip = "10.0.0.10"
 
-        self.vapi.det44_add_del_map(is_add=1, in_addr=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                    in_plen=32,
-                                    out_addr=socket.inet_aton(nat_ip),
-                                    out_plen=32)
+        self.vapi.det44_add_del_map(
+            is_add=1,
+            in_addr=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            in_plen=32,
+            out_addr=socket.inet_aton(nat_ip),
+            out_plen=32,
+        )
 
         self.vapi.det44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1, is_inside=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, is_add=1, is_inside=1
+        )
         self.vapi.det44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1, is_inside=0)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1, is_inside=0
+        )
 
         # in2out
         pkts = self.create_stream_in(self.pg0, self.pg1)
@@ -330,7 +357,7 @@ class TestDET44(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(s.out_port, self.icmp_external_id)
 
     def test_multiple_users(self):
-        """ Deterministic NAT multiple users """
+        """Deterministic NAT multiple users"""
 
         nat_ip = "10.0.0.10"
         port_in = 80
@@ -339,20 +366,26 @@ class TestDET44(VppTestCase):
         host0 = self.pg0.remote_hosts[0]
         host1 = self.pg0.remote_hosts[1]
 
-        self.vapi.det44_add_del_map(is_add=1, in_addr=host0.ip4, in_plen=24,
-                                    out_addr=socket.inet_aton(nat_ip),
-                                    out_plen=32)
+        self.vapi.det44_add_del_map(
+            is_add=1,
+            in_addr=host0.ip4,
+            in_plen=24,
+            out_addr=socket.inet_aton(nat_ip),
+            out_plen=32,
+        )
         self.vapi.det44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1, is_inside=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, is_add=1, is_inside=1
+        )
         self.vapi.det44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1, is_inside=0)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1, is_inside=0
+        )
 
         # host0 to out
-        p = (Ether(src=host0.mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=host0.ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=port_in, dport=external_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=host0.mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=host0.ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=port_in, dport=external_port)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -370,9 +403,11 @@ class TestDET44(VppTestCase):
             raise
 
         # host1 to out
-        p = (Ether(src=host1.mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=host1.ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=port_in, dport=external_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=host1.mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=host1.ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=port_in, dport=external_port)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -394,9 +429,11 @@ class TestDET44(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(2, dms[0].ses_num)
 
         # out to host0
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=nat_ip) /
-             TCP(sport=external_port, dport=port_out0))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=nat_ip)
+            / TCP(sport=external_port, dport=port_out0)
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -414,9 +451,11 @@ class TestDET44(VppTestCase):
             raise
 
         # out to host1
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=nat_ip) /
-             TCP(sport=external_port, dport=port_out1))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=nat_ip)
+            / TCP(sport=external_port, dport=port_out1)
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -434,42 +473,44 @@ class TestDET44(VppTestCase):
             raise
 
         # session close api test
-        self.vapi.det44_close_session_out(socket.inet_aton(nat_ip),
-                                          port_out1,
-                                          self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                          external_port)
+        self.vapi.det44_close_session_out(
+            socket.inet_aton(nat_ip), port_out1, self.pg1.remote_ip4, external_port
+        )
         dms = self.vapi.det44_map_dump()
         self.assertEqual(dms[0].ses_num, 1)
 
-        self.vapi.det44_close_session_in(host0.ip4,
-                                         port_in,
-                                         self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                         external_port)
+        self.vapi.det44_close_session_in(
+            host0.ip4, port_in, self.pg1.remote_ip4, external_port
+        )
         dms = self.vapi.det44_map_dump()
         self.assertEqual(dms[0].ses_num, 0)
 
     def test_tcp_session_close_detection_in(self):
-        """ DET44 TCP session close from inside network """
-        self.vapi.det44_add_del_map(is_add=1, in_addr=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                    in_plen=32,
-                                    out_addr=socket.inet_aton(self.nat_addr),
-                                    out_plen=32)
+        """DET44 TCP session close from inside network"""
+        self.vapi.det44_add_del_map(
+            is_add=1,
+            in_addr=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            in_plen=32,
+            out_addr=socket.inet_aton(self.nat_addr),
+            out_plen=32,
+        )
         self.vapi.det44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1, is_inside=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, is_add=1, is_inside=1
+        )
         self.vapi.det44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1, is_inside=0)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1, is_inside=0
+        )
 
         self.initiate_tcp_session(self.pg0, self.pg1)
 
         # close the session from inside
         try:
             # FIN packet in -> out
-            p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-                 TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=self.tcp_external_port,
-                     flags="F"))
+            p = (
+                Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+                / TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=self.tcp_external_port, flags="F")
+            )
             self.pg0.add_stream(p)
             self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
             self.pg_start()
@@ -478,17 +519,19 @@ class TestDET44(VppTestCase):
             pkts = []
 
             # ACK packet out -> in
-            p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-                 TCP(sport=self.tcp_external_port, dport=self.tcp_port_out,
-                     flags="A"))
+            p = (
+                Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+                / TCP(sport=self.tcp_external_port, dport=self.tcp_port_out, flags="A")
+            )
             pkts.append(p)
 
             # FIN packet out -> in
-            p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-                 TCP(sport=self.tcp_external_port, dport=self.tcp_port_out,
-                     flags="F"))
+            p = (
+                Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+                / TCP(sport=self.tcp_external_port, dport=self.tcp_port_out, flags="F")
+            )
             pkts.append(p)
 
             self.pg1.add_stream(pkts)
@@ -497,10 +540,11 @@ class TestDET44(VppTestCase):
             self.pg0.get_capture(2)
 
             # ACK packet in -> out
-            p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-                 TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=self.tcp_external_port,
-                     flags="A"))
+            p = (
+                Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+                / TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=self.tcp_external_port, flags="A")
+            )
             self.pg0.add_stream(p)
             self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
             self.pg_start()
@@ -514,27 +558,31 @@ class TestDET44(VppTestCase):
             raise
 
     def test_tcp_session_close_detection_out(self):
-        """ Deterministic NAT TCP session close from outside network """
-        self.vapi.det44_add_del_map(is_add=1, in_addr=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                    in_plen=32,
-                                    out_addr=socket.inet_aton(self.nat_addr),
-                                    out_plen=32)
+        """Deterministic NAT TCP session close from outside network"""
+        self.vapi.det44_add_del_map(
+            is_add=1,
+            in_addr=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            in_plen=32,
+            out_addr=socket.inet_aton(self.nat_addr),
+            out_plen=32,
+        )
         self.vapi.det44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1, is_inside=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, is_add=1, is_inside=1
+        )
         self.vapi.det44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1, is_inside=0)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1, is_inside=0
+        )
 
         self.initiate_tcp_session(self.pg0, self.pg1)
 
         # close the session from outside
         try:
             # FIN packet out -> in
-            p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-                 TCP(sport=self.tcp_external_port, dport=self.tcp_port_out,
-                     flags="F"))
+            p = (
+                Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+                / TCP(sport=self.tcp_external_port, dport=self.tcp_port_out, flags="F")
+            )
             self.pg1.add_stream(p)
             self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
             self.pg_start()
@@ -543,17 +591,19 @@ class TestDET44(VppTestCase):
             pkts = []
 
             # ACK packet in -> out
-            p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-                 TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=self.tcp_external_port,
-                     flags="A"))
+            p = (
+                Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+                / TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=self.tcp_external_port, flags="A")
+            )
             pkts.append(p)
 
             # ACK packet in -> out
-            p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-                 TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=self.tcp_external_port,
-                     flags="F"))
+            p = (
+                Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+                / TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=self.tcp_external_port, flags="F")
+            )
             pkts.append(p)
 
             self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
@@ -562,10 +612,11 @@ class TestDET44(VppTestCase):
             self.pg1.get_capture(2)
 
             # ACK packet out -> in
-            p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-                 TCP(sport=self.tcp_external_port, dport=self.tcp_port_out,
-                     flags="A"))
+            p = (
+                Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+                / TCP(sport=self.tcp_external_port, dport=self.tcp_port_out, flags="A")
+            )
             self.pg1.add_stream(p)
             self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
             self.pg_start()
@@ -579,21 +630,23 @@ class TestDET44(VppTestCase):
             raise
 
     def test_session_timeout(self):
-        """ Deterministic NAT session timeouts """
-        self.vapi.det44_add_del_map(is_add=1, in_addr=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                    in_plen=32,
-                                    out_addr=socket.inet_aton(self.nat_addr),
-                                    out_plen=32)
+        """Deterministic NAT session timeouts"""
+        self.vapi.det44_add_del_map(
+            is_add=1,
+            in_addr=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            in_plen=32,
+            out_addr=socket.inet_aton(self.nat_addr),
+            out_plen=32,
+        )
         self.vapi.det44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1, is_inside=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, is_add=1, is_inside=1
+        )
         self.vapi.det44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1, is_inside=0)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1, is_inside=0
+        )
 
         self.initiate_tcp_session(self.pg0, self.pg1)
-        self.vapi.det44_set_timeouts(udp=5, tcp_established=5,
-                                     tcp_transitory=5, icmp=5)
+        self.vapi.det44_set_timeouts(udp=5, tcp_established=5, tcp_transitory=5, icmp=5)
         pkts = self.create_stream_in(self.pg0, self.pg1)
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -607,29 +660,35 @@ class TestDET44(VppTestCase):
     # TODO: ipfix needs to be separated from NAT base plugin
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
     def test_session_limit_per_user(self):
-        """ Deterministic NAT maximum sessions per user limit """
-        self.vapi.det44_add_del_map(is_add=1, in_addr=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                    in_plen=32,
-                                    out_addr=socket.inet_aton(self.nat_addr),
-                                    out_plen=32)
+        """Deterministic NAT maximum sessions per user limit"""
+        self.vapi.det44_add_del_map(
+            is_add=1,
+            in_addr=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            in_plen=32,
+            out_addr=socket.inet_aton(self.nat_addr),
+            out_plen=32,
+        )
         self.vapi.det44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1, is_inside=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, is_add=1, is_inside=1
+        )
         self.vapi.det44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1, is_inside=0)
-        self.vapi.set_ipfix_exporter(collector_address=self.pg2.remote_ip4,
-                                     src_address=self.pg2.local_ip4,
-                                     path_mtu=512,
-                                     template_interval=10)
-        self.vapi.nat_ipfix_enable_disable(domain_id=1, src_port=4739,
-                                           enable=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1, is_inside=0
+        )
+        self.vapi.set_ipfix_exporter(
+            collector_address=self.pg2.remote_ip4,
+            src_address=self.pg2.local_ip4,
+            path_mtu=512,
+            template_interval=10,
+        )
+        self.vapi.nat_ipfix_enable_disable(domain_id=1, src_port=4739, enable=1)
 
         pkts = []
         for port in range(1025, 2025):
-            p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=port, dport=port))
+            p = (
+                Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=port, dport=port)
+            )
             pkts.append(p)
 
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
@@ -637,9 +696,11 @@ class TestDET44(VppTestCase):
         self.pg_start()
         self.pg1.get_capture(len(pkts))
 
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=3001, dport=3002))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=3001, dport=3002)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -674,8 +735,5 @@ class TestDET44(VppTestCase):
         for p in capture:
             if p.haslayer(Data):
                 data = ipfix.decode_data_set(p.getlayer(Set))
-                self.verify_ipfix_max_entries_per_user(data,
-                                                       1000,
-                                                       self.pg0.remote_ip4)
-        self.vapi.nat_ipfix_enable_disable(domain_id=1, src_port=4739,
-                                           enable=0)
+                self.verify_ipfix_max_entries_per_user(data, 1000, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        self.vapi.nat_ipfix_enable_disable(domain_id=1, src_port=4739, enable=0)
diff --git a/test/test_dhcp.py b/test/test_dhcp.py
index a3b410c0595..a349356119a 100644
--- a/test/test_dhcp.py
+++ b/test/test_dhcp.py
@@ -16,9 +16,19 @@ from scapy.layers.inet import IP, UDP, ICMP
 from scapy.layers.inet6 import IPv6, in6_getnsmac
 from scapy.utils6 import in6_mactoifaceid
 from scapy.layers.dhcp import DHCP, BOOTP, DHCPTypes
-from scapy.layers.dhcp6 import DHCP6, DHCP6_Solicit, DHCP6_RelayForward, \
-    DHCP6_RelayReply, DHCP6_Advertise, DHCP6OptRelayMsg, DHCP6OptIfaceId, \
-    DHCP6OptStatusCode, DHCP6OptVSS, DHCP6OptClientLinkLayerAddr, DHCP6_Request
+from scapy.layers.dhcp6 import (
+    DHCP6,
+    DHCP6_Solicit,
+    DHCP6_RelayForward,
+    DHCP6_RelayReply,
+    DHCP6_Advertise,
+    DHCP6OptRelayMsg,
+    DHCP6OptIfaceId,
+    DHCP6OptStatusCode,
+    DHCP6OptVSS,
+    DHCP6OptClientLinkLayerAddr,
+    DHCP6_Request,
+)
 from socket import AF_INET, AF_INET6, inet_pton, inet_ntop
 from scapy.utils6 import in6_ptop
 from vpp_papi import mac_pton, VppEnum
@@ -35,7 +45,7 @@ DHCP6_SERVER_PORT = 546
 
 @tag_run_solo
 class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
-    """ DHCP Test Case """
+    """DHCP Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -136,8 +146,7 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
                     self.assertEqual(six.byte2int(data[2:3]), 0)
                     self.assertEqual(six.byte2int(data[3:4]), 0)
                     self.assertEqual(six.byte2int(data[4:5]), 0)
-                    self.assertEqual(six.byte2int(data[5:6]),
-                                     intf._sw_if_index)
+                    self.assertEqual(six.byte2int(data[5:6]), intf._sw_if_index)
 
                     #
                     # next sub-option is the IP address of the client side
@@ -179,16 +188,15 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
                         self.assertEqual(six.byte2int(data[12:13]), 151)
                         self.assertEqual(six.byte2int(data[13:14]), id_len + 1)
                         self.assertEqual(six.byte2int(data[14:15]), 0)
-                        self.assertEqual(data[15:15 + id_len].decode('ascii'),
-                                         vpn_id)
+                        self.assertEqual(data[15 : 15 + id_len].decode("ascii"), vpn_id)
 
                         # VSS control sub-option
-                        self.assertEqual(six.byte2int(data[15 + len(vpn_id):
-                                                           16 + len(vpn_id)]),
-                                         152)
-                        self.assertEqual(six.byte2int(data[16 + len(vpn_id):
-                                                           17 + len(vpn_id)]),
-                                         0)
+                        self.assertEqual(
+                            six.byte2int(data[15 + len(vpn_id) : 16 + len(vpn_id)]), 152
+                        )
+                        self.assertEqual(
+                            six.byte2int(data[16 + len(vpn_id) : 17 + len(vpn_id)]), 0
+                        )
 
                     found = 1
         self.assertTrue(found)
@@ -200,8 +208,7 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
         found = False
         for o in dhcp.options:
             if isinstance(o, tuple):
-                if o[0] == "message-type" \
-                   and DHCPTypes[o[1]] == name:
+                if o[0] == "message-type" and DHCPTypes[o[1]] == name:
                     found = True
         self.assertTrue(found)
 
@@ -219,8 +226,9 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(udp.sport, DHCP4_SERVER_PORT)
 
         self.verify_dhcp_msg_type(pkt, "offer")
-        data = self.validate_relay_options(pkt, intf, intf.local_ip4,
-                                           vpn_id, fib_id, oui)
+        data = self.validate_relay_options(
+            pkt, intf, intf.local_ip4, vpn_id, fib_id, oui
+        )
 
     def verify_orig_dhcp_pkt(self, pkt, intf, dscp, l2_bc=True):
         ether = pkt[Ether]
@@ -232,7 +240,7 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
 
         ip = pkt[IP]
 
-        if (l2_bc):
+        if l2_bc:
             self.assertEqual(ip.dst, "255.255.255.255")
             self.assertEqual(ip.src, "0.0.0.0")
         else:
@@ -244,17 +252,16 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(udp.dport, DHCP4_SERVER_PORT)
         self.assertEqual(udp.sport, DHCP4_CLIENT_PORT)
 
-    def verify_orig_dhcp_discover(self, pkt, intf, hostname, client_id=None,
-                                  broadcast=True, dscp=0):
+    def verify_orig_dhcp_discover(
+        self, pkt, intf, hostname, client_id=None, broadcast=True, dscp=0
+    ):
         self.verify_orig_dhcp_pkt(pkt, intf, dscp)
 
         self.verify_dhcp_msg_type(pkt, "discover")
-        self.verify_dhcp_has_option(pkt, "hostname",
-                                    hostname.encode('ascii'))
+        self.verify_dhcp_has_option(pkt, "hostname", hostname.encode("ascii"))
         if client_id:
-            client_id = '\x00' + client_id
-            self.verify_dhcp_has_option(pkt, "client_id",
-                                        client_id.encode('ascii'))
+            client_id = "\x00" + client_id
+            self.verify_dhcp_has_option(pkt, "client_id", client_id.encode("ascii"))
         bootp = pkt[BOOTP]
         self.assertEqual(bootp.ciaddr, "0.0.0.0")
         self.assertEqual(bootp.giaddr, "0.0.0.0")
@@ -263,15 +270,13 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
         else:
             self.assertEqual(bootp.flags, 0x0000)
 
-    def verify_orig_dhcp_request(self, pkt, intf, hostname, ip,
-                                 broadcast=True,
-                                 l2_bc=True,
-                                 dscp=0):
+    def verify_orig_dhcp_request(
+        self, pkt, intf, hostname, ip, broadcast=True, l2_bc=True, dscp=0
+    ):
         self.verify_orig_dhcp_pkt(pkt, intf, dscp, l2_bc=l2_bc)
 
         self.verify_dhcp_msg_type(pkt, "request")
-        self.verify_dhcp_has_option(pkt, "hostname",
-                                    hostname.encode('ascii'))
+        self.verify_dhcp_has_option(pkt, "hostname", hostname.encode("ascii"))
         self.verify_dhcp_has_option(pkt, "requested_addr", ip)
         bootp = pkt[BOOTP]
 
@@ -286,10 +291,17 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
         else:
             self.assertEqual(bootp.flags, 0x0000)
 
-    def verify_relayed_dhcp_discover(self, pkt, intf, src_intf=None,
-                                     fib_id=0, oui=0,
-                                     vpn_id="",
-                                     dst_mac=None, dst_ip=None):
+    def verify_relayed_dhcp_discover(
+        self,
+        pkt,
+        intf,
+        src_intf=None,
+        fib_id=0,
+        oui=0,
+        vpn_id="",
+        dst_mac=None,
+        dst_ip=None,
+    ):
         if not dst_mac:
             dst_mac = intf.remote_mac
         if not dst_ip:
@@ -312,24 +324,27 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
         is_discover = False
         for o in dhcp.options:
             if isinstance(o, tuple):
-                if o[0] == "message-type" \
-                   and DHCPTypes[o[1]] == "discover":
+                if o[0] == "message-type" and DHCPTypes[o[1]] == "discover":
                     is_discover = True
         self.assertTrue(is_discover)
 
-        data = self.validate_relay_options(pkt, src_intf,
-                                           src_intf.local_ip4,
-                                           vpn_id,
-                                           fib_id, oui)
+        data = self.validate_relay_options(
+            pkt, src_intf, src_intf.local_ip4, vpn_id, fib_id, oui
+        )
         return data
 
-    def verify_dhcp6_solicit(self, pkt, intf,
-                             peer_ip, peer_mac,
-                             vpn_id="",
-                             fib_id=0,
-                             oui=0,
-                             dst_mac=None,
-                             dst_ip=None):
+    def verify_dhcp6_solicit(
+        self,
+        pkt,
+        intf,
+        peer_ip,
+        peer_mac,
+        vpn_id="",
+        fib_id=0,
+        oui=0,
+        dst_mac=None,
+        dst_ip=None,
+    ):
         if not dst_mac:
             dst_mac = intf.remote_mac
         if not dst_ip:
@@ -377,8 +392,7 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
             vss = pkt[DHCP6OptVSS]
             self.assertEqual(vss.optlen, id_len + 1)
             self.assertEqual(vss.type, 0)
-            self.assertEqual(vss.data[0:id_len].decode('ascii'),
-                             vpn_id)
+            self.assertEqual(vss.data[0:id_len].decode("ascii"), vpn_id)
 
         # the relay message should be an encoded Solicit
         msg = pkt[DHCP6OptRelayMsg]
@@ -402,9 +416,8 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
         # not sure why this is not decoding
         # adv = pkt[DHCP6_Advertise]
 
-    def wait_for_no_route(self, address, length,
-                          n_tries=50, s_time=1):
-        while (n_tries):
+    def wait_for_no_route(self, address, length, n_tries=50, s_time=1):
+        while n_tries:
             if not find_route(self, address, length):
                 return True
             n_tries = n_tries - 1
@@ -413,42 +426,45 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
         return False
 
     def test_dhcp_proxy(self):
-        """ DHCPv4 Proxy """
+        """DHCPv4 Proxy"""
 
         #
         # Verify no response to DHCP request without DHCP config
         #
-        p_disc_vrf0 = (Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff",
-                             src=self.pg3.remote_mac) /
-                       IP(src="0.0.0.0", dst="255.255.255.255") /
-                       UDP(sport=DHCP4_CLIENT_PORT,
-                           dport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT) /
-                       BOOTP(op=1) /
-                       DHCP(options=[('message-type', 'discover'), ('end')]))
+        p_disc_vrf0 = (
+            Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg3.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src="0.0.0.0", dst="255.255.255.255")
+            / UDP(sport=DHCP4_CLIENT_PORT, dport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT)
+            / BOOTP(op=1)
+            / DHCP(options=[("message-type", "discover"), ("end")])
+        )
         pkts_disc_vrf0 = [p_disc_vrf0]
-        p_disc_vrf1 = (Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff",
-                             src=self.pg4.remote_mac) /
-                       IP(src="0.0.0.0", dst="255.255.255.255") /
-                       UDP(sport=DHCP4_CLIENT_PORT,
-                           dport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT) /
-                       BOOTP(op=1) /
-                       DHCP(options=[('message-type', 'discover'), ('end')]))
+        p_disc_vrf1 = (
+            Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg4.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src="0.0.0.0", dst="255.255.255.255")
+            / UDP(sport=DHCP4_CLIENT_PORT, dport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT)
+            / BOOTP(op=1)
+            / DHCP(options=[("message-type", "discover"), ("end")])
+        )
         pkts_disc_vrf1 = [p_disc_vrf1]
-        p_disc_vrf2 = (Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff",
-                             src=self.pg5.remote_mac) /
-                       IP(src="0.0.0.0", dst="255.255.255.255") /
-                       UDP(sport=DHCP4_CLIENT_PORT,
-                           dport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT) /
-                       BOOTP(op=1) /
-                       DHCP(options=[('message-type', 'discover'), ('end')]))
+        p_disc_vrf2 = (
+            Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg5.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src="0.0.0.0", dst="255.255.255.255")
+            / UDP(sport=DHCP4_CLIENT_PORT, dport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT)
+            / BOOTP(op=1)
+            / DHCP(options=[("message-type", "discover"), ("end")])
+        )
         pkts_disc_vrf2 = [p_disc_vrf2]
 
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg3, pkts_disc_vrf0,
-                                        "DHCP with no configuration")
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg4, pkts_disc_vrf1,
-                                        "DHCP with no configuration")
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg5, pkts_disc_vrf2,
-                                        "DHCP with no configuration")
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
+            self.pg3, pkts_disc_vrf0, "DHCP with no configuration"
+        )
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
+            self.pg4, pkts_disc_vrf1, "DHCP with no configuration"
+        )
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
+            self.pg5, pkts_disc_vrf2, "DHCP with no configuration"
+        )
 
         #
         # Enable DHCP proxy in VRF 0
@@ -463,23 +479,25 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
         # Discover packets from the client are dropped because there is no
         # IP address configured on the client facing interface
         #
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg3, pkts_disc_vrf0,
-                                        "Discover DHCP no relay address")
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
+            self.pg3, pkts_disc_vrf0, "Discover DHCP no relay address"
+        )
 
         #
         # Inject a response from the server
         #  dropped, because there is no IP addrees on the
         #  client interfce to fill in the option.
         #
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT) /
-             BOOTP(op=1) /
-             DHCP(options=[('message-type', 'offer'), ('end')]))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT)
+            / BOOTP(op=1)
+            / DHCP(options=[("message-type", "offer"), ("end")])
+        )
         pkts = [p]
 
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg3, pkts,
-                                        "Offer DHCP no relay address")
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg3, pkts, "Offer DHCP no relay address")
 
         #
         # configure an IP address on the client facing interface
@@ -500,21 +518,26 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
         rx = self.pg0.get_capture(1)
         rx = rx[0]
 
-        option_82 = self.verify_relayed_dhcp_discover(rx, self.pg0,
-                                                      src_intf=self.pg3)
+        option_82 = self.verify_relayed_dhcp_discover(rx, self.pg0, src_intf=self.pg3)
 
         #
         # Create an DHCP offer reply from the server with a correctly formatted
         # option 82. i.e. send back what we just captured
         # The offer, sent mcast to the client, still has option 82.
         #
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT) /
-             BOOTP(op=1) /
-             DHCP(options=[('message-type', 'offer'),
-                           ('relay_agent_Information', option_82),
-                           ('end')]))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT)
+            / BOOTP(op=1)
+            / DHCP(
+                options=[
+                    ("message-type", "offer"),
+                    ("relay_agent_Information", option_82),
+                    ("end"),
+                ]
+            )
+        )
         pkts = [p]
 
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
@@ -533,36 +556,51 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
         #    to client
         bad_ip = option_82[0:8] + scapy.compat.chb(33) + option_82[9:]
 
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT) /
-             BOOTP(op=1) /
-             DHCP(options=[('message-type', 'offer'),
-                           ('relay_agent_Information', bad_ip),
-                           ('end')]))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT)
+            / BOOTP(op=1)
+            / DHCP(
+                options=[
+                    ("message-type", "offer"),
+                    ("relay_agent_Information", bad_ip),
+                    ("end"),
+                ]
+            )
+        )
         pkts = [p]
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, pkts,
-                                        "DHCP offer option 82 bad address")
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
+            self.pg0, pkts, "DHCP offer option 82 bad address"
+        )
 
         # 2. Not a sw_if_index VPP knows
         bad_if_index = option_82[0:2] + scapy.compat.chb(33) + option_82[3:]
 
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT) /
-             BOOTP(op=1) /
-             DHCP(options=[('message-type', 'offer'),
-                           ('relay_agent_Information', bad_if_index),
-                           ('end')]))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT)
+            / BOOTP(op=1)
+            / DHCP(
+                options=[
+                    ("message-type", "offer"),
+                    ("relay_agent_Information", bad_if_index),
+                    ("end"),
+                ]
+            )
+        )
         pkts = [p]
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, pkts,
-                                        "DHCP offer option 82 bad if index")
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
+            self.pg0, pkts, "DHCP offer option 82 bad if index"
+        )
 
         #
         # Send a DHCP request in VRF 1. should be dropped.
         #
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg4, pkts_disc_vrf1,
-                                        "DHCP with no configuration VRF 1")
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
+            self.pg4, pkts_disc_vrf1, "DHCP with no configuration VRF 1"
+        )
 
         #
         # Delete the DHCP config in VRF 0
@@ -570,10 +608,12 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
         #
         Proxy.remove_vpp_config()
 
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg3, pkts_disc_vrf0,
-                                        "DHCP config removed VRF 0")
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg4, pkts_disc_vrf1,
-                                        "DHCP config removed VRF 1")
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
+            self.pg3, pkts_disc_vrf0, "DHCP config removed VRF 0"
+        )
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
+            self.pg4, pkts_disc_vrf1, "DHCP config removed VRF 1"
+        )
 
         #
         # Add DHCP config for VRF 1 & 2
@@ -581,31 +621,27 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
         server_addr1 = self.pg1.remote_ip4
         src_addr1 = self.pg1.local_ip4
         Proxy1 = VppDHCPProxy(
-            self,
-            server_addr1,
-            src_addr1,
-            rx_vrf_id=1,
-            server_vrf_id=1)
+            self, server_addr1, src_addr1, rx_vrf_id=1, server_vrf_id=1
+        )
         Proxy1.add_vpp_config()
 
         server_addr2 = self.pg2.remote_ip4
         src_addr2 = self.pg2.local_ip4
         Proxy2 = VppDHCPProxy(
-            self,
-            server_addr2,
-            src_addr2,
-            rx_vrf_id=2,
-            server_vrf_id=2)
+            self, server_addr2, src_addr2, rx_vrf_id=2, server_vrf_id=2
+        )
         Proxy2.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # Confim DHCP requests ok in VRF 1 & 2.
         #  - dropped on IP config on client interface
         #
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg4, pkts_disc_vrf1,
-                                        "DHCP config removed VRF 1")
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg5, pkts_disc_vrf2,
-                                        "DHCP config removed VRF 2")
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
+            self.pg4, pkts_disc_vrf1, "DHCP config removed VRF 1"
+        )
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
+            self.pg5, pkts_disc_vrf2, "DHCP config removed VRF 2"
+        )
 
         #
         # configure an IP address on the client facing interface
@@ -630,10 +666,10 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
         # Add VSS config
         #  table=1, vss_type=1, vpn_index=1, oui=4
         #  table=2, vss_type=0, vpn_id = "ip4-table-2"
-        self.vapi.dhcp_proxy_set_vss(tbl_id=1, vss_type=1,
-                                     vpn_index=1, oui=4, is_add=1)
-        self.vapi.dhcp_proxy_set_vss(tbl_id=2, vss_type=0,
-                                     vpn_ascii_id="ip4-table-2", is_add=1)
+        self.vapi.dhcp_proxy_set_vss(tbl_id=1, vss_type=1, vpn_index=1, oui=4, is_add=1)
+        self.vapi.dhcp_proxy_set_vss(
+            tbl_id=2, vss_type=0, vpn_ascii_id="ip4-table-2", is_add=1
+        )
 
         self.pg4.add_stream(pkts_disc_vrf1)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -641,9 +677,9 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
 
         rx = self.pg1.get_capture(1)
         rx = rx[0]
-        self.verify_relayed_dhcp_discover(rx, self.pg1,
-                                          src_intf=self.pg4,
-                                          fib_id=1, oui=4)
+        self.verify_relayed_dhcp_discover(
+            rx, self.pg1, src_intf=self.pg4, fib_id=1, oui=4
+        )
 
         self.pg5.add_stream(pkts_disc_vrf2)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -651,9 +687,9 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
 
         rx = self.pg2.get_capture(1)
         rx = rx[0]
-        self.verify_relayed_dhcp_discover(rx, self.pg2,
-                                          src_intf=self.pg5,
-                                          vpn_id="ip4-table-2")
+        self.verify_relayed_dhcp_discover(
+            rx, self.pg2, src_intf=self.pg5, vpn_id="ip4-table-2"
+        )
 
         #
         # Add a second DHCP server in VRF 1
@@ -663,20 +699,19 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
         server_addr12 = self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4
 
         Proxy12 = VppDHCPProxy(
-            self,
-            server_addr12,
-            src_addr,
-            rx_vrf_id=1,
-            server_vrf_id=1)
+            self, server_addr12, src_addr, rx_vrf_id=1, server_vrf_id=1
+        )
         Proxy12.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # We'll need an ARP entry for the server to send it packets
         #
-        arp_entry = VppNeighbor(self,
-                                self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].mac,
-                                self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4)
+        arp_entry = VppNeighbor(
+            self,
+            self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].mac,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
+        )
         arp_entry.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -691,32 +726,47 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
         rx = self.pg1.get_capture(2)
 
         option_82 = self.verify_relayed_dhcp_discover(
-            rx[0], self.pg1,
+            rx[0],
+            self.pg1,
             src_intf=self.pg4,
             dst_mac=self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].mac,
             dst_ip=self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
-            fib_id=1, oui=4)
-        self.verify_relayed_dhcp_discover(rx[1], self.pg1,
-                                          src_intf=self.pg4,
-                                          fib_id=1, oui=4)
+            fib_id=1,
+            oui=4,
+        )
+        self.verify_relayed_dhcp_discover(
+            rx[1], self.pg1, src_intf=self.pg4, fib_id=1, oui=4
+        )
 
         #
         # Send both packets back. Client gets both.
         #
-        p1 = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-              IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.local_ip4) /
-              UDP(sport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT) /
-              BOOTP(op=1) /
-              DHCP(options=[('message-type', 'offer'),
-                            ('relay_agent_Information', option_82),
-                            ('end')]))
-        p2 = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-              IP(src=self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4, dst=self.pg1.local_ip4) /
-              UDP(sport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT) /
-              BOOTP(op=1) /
-              DHCP(options=[('message-type', 'offer'),
-                            ('relay_agent_Information', option_82),
-                            ('end')]))
+        p1 = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT)
+            / BOOTP(op=1)
+            / DHCP(
+                options=[
+                    ("message-type", "offer"),
+                    ("relay_agent_Information", option_82),
+                    ("end"),
+                ]
+            )
+        )
+        p2 = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4, dst=self.pg1.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT)
+            / BOOTP(op=1)
+            / DHCP(
+                options=[
+                    ("message-type", "offer"),
+                    ("relay_agent_Information", option_82),
+                    ("end"),
+                ]
+            )
+        )
         pkts = [p1, p2]
 
         self.pg1.add_stream(pkts)
@@ -731,27 +781,31 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
         #
         # Ensure offers from non-servers are dropeed
         #
-        p2 = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-              IP(src="8.8.8.8", dst=self.pg1.local_ip4) /
-              UDP(sport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT) /
-              BOOTP(op=1) /
-              DHCP(options=[('message-type', 'offer'),
-                            ('relay_agent_Information', option_82),
-                            ('end')]))
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg1, p2,
-                                        "DHCP offer from non-server")
+        p2 = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src="8.8.8.8", dst=self.pg1.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT)
+            / BOOTP(op=1)
+            / DHCP(
+                options=[
+                    ("message-type", "offer"),
+                    ("relay_agent_Information", option_82),
+                    ("end"),
+                ]
+            )
+        )
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg1, p2, "DHCP offer from non-server")
 
         #
         # Ensure only the discover is sent to multiple servers
         #
-        p_req_vrf1 = (Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff",
-                            src=self.pg4.remote_mac) /
-                      IP(src="0.0.0.0", dst="255.255.255.255") /
-                      UDP(sport=DHCP4_CLIENT_PORT,
-                          dport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT) /
-                      BOOTP(op=1) /
-                      DHCP(options=[('message-type', 'request'),
-                                    ('end')]))
+        p_req_vrf1 = (
+            Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg4.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src="0.0.0.0", dst="255.255.255.255")
+            / UDP(sport=DHCP4_CLIENT_PORT, dport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT)
+            / BOOTP(op=1)
+            / DHCP(options=[("message-type", "request"), ("end")])
+        )
 
         self.pg4.add_stream(p_req_vrf1)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -773,9 +827,9 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
 
         rx = self.pg1.get_capture(1)
         rx = rx[0]
-        self.verify_relayed_dhcp_discover(rx, self.pg1,
-                                          src_intf=self.pg4,
-                                          fib_id=1, oui=4)
+        self.verify_relayed_dhcp_discover(
+            rx, self.pg1, src_intf=self.pg4, fib_id=1, oui=4
+        )
 
         #
         # Remove the VSS config
@@ -798,19 +852,16 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
         Proxy1.remove_vpp_config()
         Proxy2.remove_vpp_config()
 
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg3, pkts_disc_vrf0,
-                                        "DHCP cleanup VRF 0")
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg4, pkts_disc_vrf1,
-                                        "DHCP cleanup VRF 1")
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg5, pkts_disc_vrf2,
-                                        "DHCP cleanup VRF 2")
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg3, pkts_disc_vrf0, "DHCP cleanup VRF 0")
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg4, pkts_disc_vrf1, "DHCP cleanup VRF 1")
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg5, pkts_disc_vrf2, "DHCP cleanup VRF 2")
 
         self.pg3.unconfig_ip4()
         self.pg4.unconfig_ip4()
         self.pg5.unconfig_ip4()
 
     def test_dhcp6_proxy(self):
-        """ DHCPv6 Proxy"""
+        """DHCPv6 Proxy"""
         #
         # Verify no response to DHCP request without DHCP config
         #
@@ -826,31 +877,34 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
         src_addr_vrf2 = self.pg2.local_ip6
 
         dmac = in6_getnsmac(inet_pton(socket.AF_INET6, dhcp_solicit_dst))
-        p_solicit_vrf0 = (Ether(dst=dmac, src=self.pg3.remote_mac) /
-                          IPv6(src=dhcp_solicit_src_vrf0,
-                               dst=dhcp_solicit_dst) /
-                          UDP(sport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT,
-                              dport=DHCP6_CLIENT_PORT) /
-                          DHCP6_Solicit())
-        p_solicit_vrf1 = (Ether(dst=dmac, src=self.pg4.remote_mac) /
-                          IPv6(src=dhcp_solicit_src_vrf1,
-                               dst=dhcp_solicit_dst) /
-                          UDP(sport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT,
-                              dport=DHCP6_CLIENT_PORT) /
-                          DHCP6_Solicit())
-        p_solicit_vrf2 = (Ether(dst=dmac, src=self.pg5.remote_mac) /
-                          IPv6(src=dhcp_solicit_src_vrf2,
-                               dst=dhcp_solicit_dst) /
-                          UDP(sport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT,
-                              dport=DHCP6_CLIENT_PORT) /
-                          DHCP6_Solicit())
+        p_solicit_vrf0 = (
+            Ether(dst=dmac, src=self.pg3.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=dhcp_solicit_src_vrf0, dst=dhcp_solicit_dst)
+            / UDP(sport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP6_CLIENT_PORT)
+            / DHCP6_Solicit()
+        )
+        p_solicit_vrf1 = (
+            Ether(dst=dmac, src=self.pg4.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=dhcp_solicit_src_vrf1, dst=dhcp_solicit_dst)
+            / UDP(sport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP6_CLIENT_PORT)
+            / DHCP6_Solicit()
+        )
+        p_solicit_vrf2 = (
+            Ether(dst=dmac, src=self.pg5.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=dhcp_solicit_src_vrf2, dst=dhcp_solicit_dst)
+            / UDP(sport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP6_CLIENT_PORT)
+            / DHCP6_Solicit()
+        )
 
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg3, p_solicit_vrf0,
-                                        "DHCP with no configuration")
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg4, p_solicit_vrf1,
-                                        "DHCP with no configuration")
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg5, p_solicit_vrf2,
-                                        "DHCP with no configuration")
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
+            self.pg3, p_solicit_vrf0, "DHCP with no configuration"
+        )
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
+            self.pg4, p_solicit_vrf1, "DHCP with no configuration"
+        )
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
+            self.pg5, p_solicit_vrf2, "DHCP with no configuration"
+        )
 
         #
         # DHCPv6 config in VRF 0.
@@ -858,17 +912,16 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
         # IPv6 config
         #
         Proxy = VppDHCPProxy(
-            self,
-            server_addr_vrf0,
-            src_addr_vrf0,
-            rx_vrf_id=0,
-            server_vrf_id=0)
+            self, server_addr_vrf0, src_addr_vrf0, rx_vrf_id=0, server_vrf_id=0
+        )
         Proxy.add_vpp_config()
 
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg3, p_solicit_vrf0,
-                                        "DHCP with no configuration")
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg4, p_solicit_vrf1,
-                                        "DHCP with no configuration")
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
+            self.pg3, p_solicit_vrf0, "DHCP with no configuration"
+        )
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
+            self.pg4, p_solicit_vrf1, "DHCP with no configuration"
+        )
 
         #
         # configure an IP address on the client facing interface
@@ -884,62 +937,70 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
 
         rx = self.pg0.get_capture(1)
 
-        self.verify_dhcp6_solicit(rx[0], self.pg0,
-                                  dhcp_solicit_src_vrf0,
-                                  self.pg3.remote_mac)
+        self.verify_dhcp6_solicit(
+            rx[0], self.pg0, dhcp_solicit_src_vrf0, self.pg3.remote_mac
+        )
 
         #
         # Exception cases for rejected relay responses
         #
 
         # 1 - not a relay reply
-        p_adv_vrf0 = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                      IPv6(dst=self.pg0.local_ip6, src=self.pg0.remote_ip6) /
-                      UDP(sport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT) /
-                      DHCP6_Advertise())
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg3, p_adv_vrf0,
-                                        "DHCP6 not a relay reply")
+        p_adv_vrf0 = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(dst=self.pg0.local_ip6, src=self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT)
+            / DHCP6_Advertise()
+        )
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg3, p_adv_vrf0, "DHCP6 not a relay reply")
 
         # 2 - no relay message option
-        p_adv_vrf0 = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                      IPv6(dst=self.pg0.local_ip6, src=self.pg0.remote_ip6) /
-                      UDP(sport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT) /
-                      DHCP6_RelayReply() /
-                      DHCP6_Advertise())
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg3, p_adv_vrf0,
-                                        "DHCP not a relay message")
+        p_adv_vrf0 = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(dst=self.pg0.local_ip6, src=self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT)
+            / DHCP6_RelayReply()
+            / DHCP6_Advertise()
+        )
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
+            self.pg3, p_adv_vrf0, "DHCP not a relay message"
+        )
 
         # 3 - no circuit ID
-        p_adv_vrf0 = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                      IPv6(dst=self.pg0.local_ip6, src=self.pg0.remote_ip6) /
-                      UDP(sport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT) /
-                      DHCP6_RelayReply() /
-                      DHCP6OptRelayMsg(optlen=0) /
-                      DHCP6_Advertise())
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg3, p_adv_vrf0,
-                                        "DHCP6 no circuit ID")
+        p_adv_vrf0 = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(dst=self.pg0.local_ip6, src=self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT)
+            / DHCP6_RelayReply()
+            / DHCP6OptRelayMsg(optlen=0)
+            / DHCP6_Advertise()
+        )
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg3, p_adv_vrf0, "DHCP6 no circuit ID")
         # 4 - wrong circuit ID
-        p_adv_vrf0 = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                      IPv6(dst=self.pg0.local_ip6, src=self.pg0.remote_ip6) /
-                      UDP(sport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT) /
-                      DHCP6_RelayReply() /
-                      DHCP6OptIfaceId(optlen=4, ifaceid='\x00\x00\x00\x05') /
-                      DHCP6OptRelayMsg(optlen=0) /
-                      DHCP6_Advertise())
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg3, p_adv_vrf0,
-                                        "DHCP6 wrong circuit ID")
+        p_adv_vrf0 = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(dst=self.pg0.local_ip6, src=self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT)
+            / DHCP6_RelayReply()
+            / DHCP6OptIfaceId(optlen=4, ifaceid="\x00\x00\x00\x05")
+            / DHCP6OptRelayMsg(optlen=0)
+            / DHCP6_Advertise()
+        )
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg3, p_adv_vrf0, "DHCP6 wrong circuit ID")
 
         #
         # Send the relay response (the advertisement)
         #   - no peer address
-        p_adv_vrf0 = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                      IPv6(dst=self.pg0.local_ip6, src=self.pg0.remote_ip6) /
-                      UDP(sport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT) /
-                      DHCP6_RelayReply() /
-                      DHCP6OptIfaceId(optlen=4, ifaceid='\x00\x00\x00\x04') /
-                      DHCP6OptRelayMsg(optlen=0) /
-                      DHCP6_Advertise(trid=1) /
-                      DHCP6OptStatusCode(statuscode=0))
+        p_adv_vrf0 = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(dst=self.pg0.local_ip6, src=self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT)
+            / DHCP6_RelayReply()
+            / DHCP6OptIfaceId(optlen=4, ifaceid="\x00\x00\x00\x04")
+            / DHCP6OptRelayMsg(optlen=0)
+            / DHCP6_Advertise(trid=1)
+            / DHCP6OptStatusCode(statuscode=0)
+        )
         pkts_adv_vrf0 = [p_adv_vrf0]
 
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts_adv_vrf0)
@@ -953,14 +1014,16 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
         #
         # Send the relay response (the advertisement)
         #   - with peer address
-        p_adv_vrf0 = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                      IPv6(dst=self.pg0.local_ip6, src=self.pg0.remote_ip6) /
-                      UDP(sport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT) /
-                      DHCP6_RelayReply(peeraddr=dhcp_solicit_src_vrf0) /
-                      DHCP6OptIfaceId(optlen=4, ifaceid='\x00\x00\x00\x04') /
-                      DHCP6OptRelayMsg(optlen=0) /
-                      DHCP6_Advertise(trid=1) /
-                      DHCP6OptStatusCode(statuscode=0))
+        p_adv_vrf0 = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(dst=self.pg0.local_ip6, src=self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT)
+            / DHCP6_RelayReply(peeraddr=dhcp_solicit_src_vrf0)
+            / DHCP6OptIfaceId(optlen=4, ifaceid="\x00\x00\x00\x04")
+            / DHCP6OptRelayMsg(optlen=0)
+            / DHCP6_Advertise(trid=1)
+            / DHCP6OptStatusCode(statuscode=0)
+        )
         pkts_adv_vrf0 = [p_adv_vrf0]
 
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts_adv_vrf0)
@@ -975,20 +1038,14 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
         # Add all the config for VRF 1 & 2
         #
         Proxy1 = VppDHCPProxy(
-            self,
-            server_addr_vrf1,
-            src_addr_vrf1,
-            rx_vrf_id=1,
-            server_vrf_id=1)
+            self, server_addr_vrf1, src_addr_vrf1, rx_vrf_id=1, server_vrf_id=1
+        )
         Proxy1.add_vpp_config()
         self.pg4.config_ip6()
 
         Proxy2 = VppDHCPProxy(
-            self,
-            server_addr_vrf2,
-            src_addr_vrf2,
-            rx_vrf_id=2,
-            server_vrf_id=2)
+            self, server_addr_vrf2, src_addr_vrf2, rx_vrf_id=2, server_vrf_id=2
+        )
         Proxy2.add_vpp_config()
         self.pg5.config_ip6()
 
@@ -1001,9 +1058,9 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
 
         rx = self.pg1.get_capture(1)
 
-        self.verify_dhcp6_solicit(rx[0], self.pg1,
-                                  dhcp_solicit_src_vrf1,
-                                  self.pg4.remote_mac)
+        self.verify_dhcp6_solicit(
+            rx[0], self.pg1, dhcp_solicit_src_vrf1, self.pg4.remote_mac
+        )
 
         #
         # VRF 2 solicit
@@ -1014,21 +1071,23 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
 
         rx = self.pg2.get_capture(1)
 
-        self.verify_dhcp6_solicit(rx[0], self.pg2,
-                                  dhcp_solicit_src_vrf2,
-                                  self.pg5.remote_mac)
+        self.verify_dhcp6_solicit(
+            rx[0], self.pg2, dhcp_solicit_src_vrf2, self.pg5.remote_mac
+        )
 
         #
         # VRF 1 Advert
         #
-        p_adv_vrf1 = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-                      IPv6(dst=self.pg1.local_ip6, src=self.pg1.remote_ip6) /
-                      UDP(sport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT) /
-                      DHCP6_RelayReply(peeraddr=dhcp_solicit_src_vrf1) /
-                      DHCP6OptIfaceId(optlen=4, ifaceid='\x00\x00\x00\x05') /
-                      DHCP6OptRelayMsg(optlen=0) /
-                      DHCP6_Advertise(trid=1) /
-                      DHCP6OptStatusCode(statuscode=0))
+        p_adv_vrf1 = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(dst=self.pg1.local_ip6, src=self.pg1.remote_ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT)
+            / DHCP6_RelayReply(peeraddr=dhcp_solicit_src_vrf1)
+            / DHCP6OptIfaceId(optlen=4, ifaceid="\x00\x00\x00\x05")
+            / DHCP6OptRelayMsg(optlen=0)
+            / DHCP6_Advertise(trid=1)
+            / DHCP6OptStatusCode(statuscode=0)
+        )
         pkts_adv_vrf1 = [p_adv_vrf1]
 
         self.pg1.add_stream(pkts_adv_vrf1)
@@ -1043,13 +1102,11 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
         # Add VSS config
         #
         self.vapi.dhcp_proxy_set_vss(
-            tbl_id=1, vss_type=1, oui=4, vpn_index=1, is_ipv6=1, is_add=1)
+            tbl_id=1, vss_type=1, oui=4, vpn_index=1, is_ipv6=1, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.dhcp_proxy_set_vss(
-            tbl_id=2,
-            vss_type=0,
-            vpn_ascii_id="IPv6-table-2",
-            is_ipv6=1,
-            is_add=1)
+            tbl_id=2, vss_type=0, vpn_ascii_id="IPv6-table-2", is_ipv6=1, is_add=1
+        )
 
         self.pg4.add_stream(p_solicit_vrf1)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -1057,11 +1114,9 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
 
         rx = self.pg1.get_capture(1)
 
-        self.verify_dhcp6_solicit(rx[0], self.pg1,
-                                  dhcp_solicit_src_vrf1,
-                                  self.pg4.remote_mac,
-                                  fib_id=1,
-                                  oui=4)
+        self.verify_dhcp6_solicit(
+            rx[0], self.pg1, dhcp_solicit_src_vrf1, self.pg4.remote_mac, fib_id=1, oui=4
+        )
 
         self.pg5.add_stream(p_solicit_vrf2)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -1069,10 +1124,13 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
 
         rx = self.pg2.get_capture(1)
 
-        self.verify_dhcp6_solicit(rx[0], self.pg2,
-                                  dhcp_solicit_src_vrf2,
-                                  self.pg5.remote_mac,
-                                  vpn_id="IPv6-table-2")
+        self.verify_dhcp6_solicit(
+            rx[0],
+            self.pg2,
+            dhcp_solicit_src_vrf2,
+            self.pg5.remote_mac,
+            vpn_id="IPv6-table-2",
+        )
 
         #
         # Remove the VSS config
@@ -1086,9 +1144,9 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
 
         rx = self.pg1.get_capture(1)
 
-        self.verify_dhcp6_solicit(rx[0], self.pg1,
-                                  dhcp_solicit_src_vrf1,
-                                  self.pg4.remote_mac)
+        self.verify_dhcp6_solicit(
+            rx[0], self.pg1, dhcp_solicit_src_vrf1, self.pg4.remote_mac
+        )
 
         #
         # Add a second DHCP server in VRF 1
@@ -1098,20 +1156,19 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
         server_addr12 = self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip6
 
         Proxy12 = VppDHCPProxy(
-            self,
-            server_addr12,
-            src_addr_vrf1,
-            rx_vrf_id=1,
-            server_vrf_id=1)
+            self, server_addr12, src_addr_vrf1, rx_vrf_id=1, server_vrf_id=1
+        )
         Proxy12.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # We'll need an ND entry for the server to send it packets
         #
-        nd_entry = VppNeighbor(self,
-                               self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                               self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].mac,
-                               self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip6)
+        nd_entry = VppNeighbor(
+            self,
+            self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].mac,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip6,
+        )
         nd_entry.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -1125,34 +1182,41 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
 
         rx = self.pg1.get_capture(2)
 
-        self.verify_dhcp6_solicit(rx[0], self.pg1,
-                                  dhcp_solicit_src_vrf1,
-                                  self.pg4.remote_mac)
-        self.verify_dhcp6_solicit(rx[1], self.pg1,
-                                  dhcp_solicit_src_vrf1,
-                                  self.pg4.remote_mac,
-                                  dst_mac=self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].mac,
-                                  dst_ip=self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip6)
+        self.verify_dhcp6_solicit(
+            rx[0], self.pg1, dhcp_solicit_src_vrf1, self.pg4.remote_mac
+        )
+        self.verify_dhcp6_solicit(
+            rx[1],
+            self.pg1,
+            dhcp_solicit_src_vrf1,
+            self.pg4.remote_mac,
+            dst_mac=self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].mac,
+            dst_ip=self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip6,
+        )
 
         #
         # Send both packets back. Client gets both.
         #
-        p1 = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-              IPv6(dst=self.pg1.local_ip6, src=self.pg1.remote_ip6) /
-              UDP(sport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT) /
-              DHCP6_RelayReply(peeraddr=dhcp_solicit_src_vrf1) /
-              DHCP6OptIfaceId(optlen=4, ifaceid='\x00\x00\x00\x05') /
-              DHCP6OptRelayMsg(optlen=0) /
-              DHCP6_Advertise(trid=1) /
-              DHCP6OptStatusCode(statuscode=0))
-        p2 = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].mac) /
-              IPv6(dst=self.pg1.local_ip6, src=self.pg1._remote_hosts[1].ip6) /
-              UDP(sport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT) /
-              DHCP6_RelayReply(peeraddr=dhcp_solicit_src_vrf1) /
-              DHCP6OptIfaceId(optlen=4, ifaceid='\x00\x00\x00\x05') /
-              DHCP6OptRelayMsg(optlen=0) /
-              DHCP6_Advertise(trid=1) /
-              DHCP6OptStatusCode(statuscode=0))
+        p1 = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(dst=self.pg1.local_ip6, src=self.pg1.remote_ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT)
+            / DHCP6_RelayReply(peeraddr=dhcp_solicit_src_vrf1)
+            / DHCP6OptIfaceId(optlen=4, ifaceid="\x00\x00\x00\x05")
+            / DHCP6OptRelayMsg(optlen=0)
+            / DHCP6_Advertise(trid=1)
+            / DHCP6OptStatusCode(statuscode=0)
+        )
+        p2 = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].mac)
+            / IPv6(dst=self.pg1.local_ip6, src=self.pg1._remote_hosts[1].ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT)
+            / DHCP6_RelayReply(peeraddr=dhcp_solicit_src_vrf1)
+            / DHCP6OptIfaceId(optlen=4, ifaceid="\x00\x00\x00\x05")
+            / DHCP6OptRelayMsg(optlen=0)
+            / DHCP6_Advertise(trid=1)
+            / DHCP6OptStatusCode(statuscode=0)
+        )
 
         pkts = [p1, p2]
 
@@ -1168,12 +1232,12 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
         #
         # Ensure only solicit messages are duplicated
         #
-        p_request_vrf1 = (Ether(dst=dmac, src=self.pg4.remote_mac) /
-                          IPv6(src=dhcp_solicit_src_vrf1,
-                               dst=dhcp_solicit_dst) /
-                          UDP(sport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT,
-                              dport=DHCP6_CLIENT_PORT) /
-                          DHCP6_Request())
+        p_request_vrf1 = (
+            Ether(dst=dmac, src=self.pg4.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=dhcp_solicit_src_vrf1, dst=dhcp_solicit_dst)
+            / UDP(sport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP6_CLIENT_PORT)
+            / DHCP6_Request()
+        )
 
         self.pg4.add_stream(p_request_vrf1)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -1185,16 +1249,17 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
         # Test we drop DHCP packets from addresses that are not configured as
         # DHCP servers
         #
-        p2 = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].mac) /
-              IPv6(dst=self.pg1.local_ip6, src="3001::1") /
-              UDP(sport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT) /
-              DHCP6_RelayReply(peeraddr=dhcp_solicit_src_vrf1) /
-              DHCP6OptIfaceId(optlen=4, ifaceid='\x00\x00\x00\x05') /
-              DHCP6OptRelayMsg(optlen=0) /
-              DHCP6_Advertise(trid=1) /
-              DHCP6OptStatusCode(statuscode=0))
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg1, p2,
-                                        "DHCP6 not from server")
+        p2 = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].mac)
+            / IPv6(dst=self.pg1.local_ip6, src="3001::1")
+            / UDP(sport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP6_SERVER_PORT)
+            / DHCP6_RelayReply(peeraddr=dhcp_solicit_src_vrf1)
+            / DHCP6OptIfaceId(optlen=4, ifaceid="\x00\x00\x00\x05")
+            / DHCP6OptRelayMsg(optlen=0)
+            / DHCP6_Advertise(trid=1)
+            / DHCP6OptStatusCode(statuscode=0)
+        )
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg1, p2, "DHCP6 not from server")
 
         #
         # Remove the second DHCP server
@@ -1210,9 +1275,9 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
 
         rx = self.pg1.get_capture(1)
 
-        self.verify_dhcp6_solicit(rx[0], self.pg1,
-                                  dhcp_solicit_src_vrf1,
-                                  self.pg4.remote_mac)
+        self.verify_dhcp6_solicit(
+            rx[0], self.pg1, dhcp_solicit_src_vrf1, self.pg4.remote_mac
+        )
 
         #
         # Cleanup
@@ -1226,10 +1291,10 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
         self.pg5.unconfig_ip6()
 
     def test_dhcp_client(self):
-        """ DHCP Client"""
+        """DHCP Client"""
 
         vdscp = VppEnum.vl_api_ip_dscp_t
-        hostname = 'universal-dp'
+        hostname = "universal-dp"
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
 
@@ -1247,38 +1312,50 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
         #
         # Send back on offer, expect the request
         #
-        p_offer = (Ether(dst=self.pg3.local_mac, src=self.pg3.remote_mac) /
-                   IP(src=self.pg3.remote_ip4, dst="255.255.255.255") /
-                   UDP(sport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP4_CLIENT_PORT) /
-                   BOOTP(op=1,
-                         yiaddr=self.pg3.local_ip4,
-                         chaddr=mac_pton(self.pg3.local_mac)) /
-                   DHCP(options=[('message-type', 'offer'),
-                                 ('server_id', self.pg3.remote_ip4),
-                                 'end']))
+        p_offer = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg3.local_mac, src=self.pg3.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg3.remote_ip4, dst="255.255.255.255")
+            / UDP(sport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP4_CLIENT_PORT)
+            / BOOTP(
+                op=1, yiaddr=self.pg3.local_ip4, chaddr=mac_pton(self.pg3.local_mac)
+            )
+            / DHCP(
+                options=[
+                    ("message-type", "offer"),
+                    ("server_id", self.pg3.remote_ip4),
+                    "end",
+                ]
+            )
+        )
 
         self.pg3.add_stream(p_offer)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
         rx = self.pg3.get_capture(1)
-        self.verify_orig_dhcp_request(rx[0], self.pg3, hostname,
-                                      self.pg3.local_ip4)
+        self.verify_orig_dhcp_request(rx[0], self.pg3, hostname, self.pg3.local_ip4)
 
         #
         # Send an acknowledgment
         #
-        p_ack = (Ether(dst=self.pg3.local_mac, src=self.pg3.remote_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg3.remote_ip4, dst="255.255.255.255") /
-                 UDP(sport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP4_CLIENT_PORT) /
-                 BOOTP(op=1, yiaddr=self.pg3.local_ip4,
-                       chaddr=mac_pton(self.pg3.local_mac)) /
-                 DHCP(options=[('message-type', 'ack'),
-                               ('subnet_mask', "255.255.255.0"),
-                               ('router', self.pg3.remote_ip4),
-                               ('server_id', self.pg3.remote_ip4),
-                               ('lease_time', 43200),
-                               'end']))
+        p_ack = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg3.local_mac, src=self.pg3.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg3.remote_ip4, dst="255.255.255.255")
+            / UDP(sport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP4_CLIENT_PORT)
+            / BOOTP(
+                op=1, yiaddr=self.pg3.local_ip4, chaddr=mac_pton(self.pg3.local_mac)
+            )
+            / DHCP(
+                options=[
+                    ("message-type", "ack"),
+                    ("subnet_mask", "255.255.255.0"),
+                    ("router", self.pg3.remote_ip4),
+                    ("server_id", self.pg3.remote_ip4),
+                    ("lease_time", 43200),
+                    "end",
+                ]
+            )
+        )
 
         self.pg3.add_stream(p_ack)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -1317,16 +1394,19 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
         self.pg3.admin_down()
         self.sleep(1)
         self.pg3.admin_up()
-        Client.set_client(self.pg3.sw_if_index, hostname,
-                          id=self.pg3.local_mac,
-                          dscp=vdscp.IP_API_DSCP_EF)
+        Client.set_client(
+            self.pg3.sw_if_index,
+            hostname,
+            id=self.pg3.local_mac,
+            dscp=vdscp.IP_API_DSCP_EF,
+        )
         Client.add_vpp_config()
 
         rx = self.pg3.get_capture(1)
 
-        self.verify_orig_dhcp_discover(rx[0], self.pg3, hostname,
-                                       self.pg3.local_mac,
-                                       dscp=vdscp.IP_API_DSCP_EF)
+        self.verify_orig_dhcp_discover(
+            rx[0], self.pg3, hostname, self.pg3.local_mac, dscp=vdscp.IP_API_DSCP_EF
+        )
 
         # TODO: VPP DHCP client should not accept DHCP OFFER message with
         # the XID (Transaction ID) not matching the XID of the most recent
@@ -1338,24 +1418,31 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
         self.pg_start()
 
         rx = self.pg3.get_capture(1)
-        self.verify_orig_dhcp_request(rx[0], self.pg3, hostname,
-                                      self.pg3.local_ip4,
-                                      dscp=vdscp.IP_API_DSCP_EF)
+        self.verify_orig_dhcp_request(
+            rx[0], self.pg3, hostname, self.pg3.local_ip4, dscp=vdscp.IP_API_DSCP_EF
+        )
 
         #
         # unicast the ack to the offered address
         #
-        p_ack = (Ether(dst=self.pg3.local_mac, src=self.pg3.remote_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg3.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg3.local_ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP4_CLIENT_PORT) /
-                 BOOTP(op=1, yiaddr=self.pg3.local_ip4,
-                       chaddr=mac_pton(self.pg3.local_mac)) /
-                 DHCP(options=[('message-type', 'ack'),
-                               ('subnet_mask', "255.255.255.0"),
-                               ('router', self.pg3.remote_ip4),
-                               ('server_id', self.pg3.remote_ip4),
-                               ('lease_time', 43200),
-                               'end']))
+        p_ack = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg3.local_mac, src=self.pg3.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg3.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg3.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP4_CLIENT_PORT)
+            / BOOTP(
+                op=1, yiaddr=self.pg3.local_ip4, chaddr=mac_pton(self.pg3.local_mac)
+            )
+            / DHCP(
+                options=[
+                    ("message-type", "ack"),
+                    ("subnet_mask", "255.255.255.0"),
+                    ("router", self.pg3.remote_ip4),
+                    ("server_id", self.pg3.remote_ip4),
+                    ("lease_time", 43200),
+                    "end",
+                ]
+            )
+        )
 
         self.pg3.add_stream(p_ack)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -1391,55 +1478,65 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
         #
         # Configure DHCP client on PG3 and capture the discover sent
         #
-        Client.set_client(
-            self.pg3.sw_if_index,
-            hostname,
-            set_broadcast_flag=False)
+        Client.set_client(self.pg3.sw_if_index, hostname, set_broadcast_flag=False)
         Client.add_vpp_config()
 
         rx = self.pg3.get_capture(1)
 
-        self.verify_orig_dhcp_discover(rx[0], self.pg3, hostname,
-                                       broadcast=False)
+        self.verify_orig_dhcp_discover(rx[0], self.pg3, hostname, broadcast=False)
 
         #
         # Send back on offer, unicasted to the offered address.
         # Expect the request.
         #
-        p_offer = (Ether(dst=self.pg3.local_mac, src=self.pg3.remote_mac) /
-                   IP(src=self.pg3.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg3.local_ip4) /
-                   UDP(sport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP4_CLIENT_PORT) /
-                   BOOTP(op=1, yiaddr=self.pg3.local_ip4,
-                         chaddr=mac_pton(self.pg3.local_mac)) /
-                   DHCP(options=[('message-type', 'offer'),
-                                 ('server_id', self.pg3.remote_ip4),
-                                 'end']))
+        p_offer = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg3.local_mac, src=self.pg3.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg3.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg3.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP4_CLIENT_PORT)
+            / BOOTP(
+                op=1, yiaddr=self.pg3.local_ip4, chaddr=mac_pton(self.pg3.local_mac)
+            )
+            / DHCP(
+                options=[
+                    ("message-type", "offer"),
+                    ("server_id", self.pg3.remote_ip4),
+                    "end",
+                ]
+            )
+        )
 
         self.pg3.add_stream(p_offer)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
         rx = self.pg3.get_capture(1)
-        self.verify_orig_dhcp_request(rx[0], self.pg3, hostname,
-                                      self.pg3.local_ip4,
-                                      broadcast=False)
+        self.verify_orig_dhcp_request(
+            rx[0], self.pg3, hostname, self.pg3.local_ip4, broadcast=False
+        )
 
         #
         # Send an acknowledgment, the lease renewal time is 2 seconds
         # so we should expect the renew straight after
         #
-        p_ack = (Ether(dst=self.pg3.local_mac, src=self.pg3.remote_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg3.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg3.local_ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP4_CLIENT_PORT) /
-                 BOOTP(op=1, yiaddr=self.pg3.local_ip4,
-                       chaddr=mac_pton(self.pg3.local_mac)) /
-                 DHCP(options=[('message-type', 'ack'),
-                               ('subnet_mask', "255.255.255.0"),
-                               ('router', self.pg3.remote_ip4),
-                               ('server_id', self.pg3.remote_ip4),
-                               ('lease_time', 43200),
-                               ('renewal_time', 2),
-                               'end']))
+        p_ack = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg3.local_mac, src=self.pg3.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg3.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg3.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP4_CLIENT_PORT)
+            / BOOTP(
+                op=1, yiaddr=self.pg3.local_ip4, chaddr=mac_pton(self.pg3.local_mac)
+            )
+            / DHCP(
+                options=[
+                    ("message-type", "ack"),
+                    ("subnet_mask", "255.255.255.0"),
+                    ("router", self.pg3.remote_ip4),
+                    ("server_id", self.pg3.remote_ip4),
+                    ("lease_time", 43200),
+                    ("renewal_time", 2),
+                    "end",
+                ]
+            )
+        )
 
         self.pg3.add_stream(p_ack)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -1465,19 +1562,15 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
         #
         clients = self.vapi.dhcp_client_dump()
 
-        self.assertEqual(clients[0].client.sw_if_index,
-                         self.pg3.sw_if_index)
-        self.assertEqual(clients[0].lease.sw_if_index,
-                         self.pg3.sw_if_index)
+        self.assertEqual(clients[0].client.sw_if_index, self.pg3.sw_if_index)
+        self.assertEqual(clients[0].lease.sw_if_index, self.pg3.sw_if_index)
         self.assertEqual(clients[0].client.hostname, hostname)
         self.assertEqual(clients[0].lease.hostname, hostname)
         # 0 = DISCOVER, 1 = REQUEST, 2 = BOUND
         self.assertEqual(clients[0].lease.state, 2)
         self.assertEqual(clients[0].lease.mask_width, 24)
-        self.assertEqual(str(clients[0].lease.router_address),
-                         self.pg3.remote_ip4)
-        self.assertEqual(str(clients[0].lease.host_address),
-                         self.pg3.local_ip4)
+        self.assertEqual(str(clients[0].lease.router_address), self.pg3.remote_ip4)
+        self.assertEqual(str(clients[0].lease.host_address), self.pg3.local_ip4)
 
         #
         # wait for the unicasted renewal
@@ -1490,37 +1583,46 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(rx[0][ARP].pdst, self.pg3.remote_ip4)
 
         # respond to the arp
-        p_arp = (Ether(dst=self.pg3.local_mac, src=self.pg3.remote_mac) /
-                 ARP(op="is-at",
-                     hwdst=self.pg3.local_mac,
-                     hwsrc=self.pg3.remote_mac,
-                     pdst=self.pg3.local_ip4,
-                     psrc=self.pg3.remote_ip4))
+        p_arp = Ether(dst=self.pg3.local_mac, src=self.pg3.remote_mac) / ARP(
+            op="is-at",
+            hwdst=self.pg3.local_mac,
+            hwsrc=self.pg3.remote_mac,
+            pdst=self.pg3.local_ip4,
+            psrc=self.pg3.remote_ip4,
+        )
         self.pg3.add_stream(p_arp)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
         # the next packet is the unicasted renewal
         rx = self.pg3.get_capture(1, timeout=10)
-        self.verify_orig_dhcp_request(rx[0], self.pg3, hostname,
-                                      self.pg3.local_ip4,
-                                      l2_bc=False,
-                                      broadcast=False)
+        self.verify_orig_dhcp_request(
+            rx[0], self.pg3, hostname, self.pg3.local_ip4, l2_bc=False, broadcast=False
+        )
 
         # send an ACK with different data from the original offer *
         self.pg3.generate_remote_hosts(4)
-        p_ack = (Ether(dst=self.pg3.local_mac, src=self.pg3.remote_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg3.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg3.local_ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP4_CLIENT_PORT) /
-                 BOOTP(op=1, yiaddr=self.pg3.remote_hosts[3].ip4,
-                       chaddr=mac_pton(self.pg3.local_mac)) /
-                 DHCP(options=[('message-type', 'ack'),
-                               ('subnet_mask', "255.255.255.0"),
-                               ('router', self.pg3.remote_hosts[1].ip4),
-                               ('server_id', self.pg3.remote_hosts[2].ip4),
-                               ('lease_time', 43200),
-                               ('renewal_time', 2),
-                               'end']))
+        p_ack = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg3.local_mac, src=self.pg3.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg3.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg3.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP4_CLIENT_PORT)
+            / BOOTP(
+                op=1,
+                yiaddr=self.pg3.remote_hosts[3].ip4,
+                chaddr=mac_pton(self.pg3.local_mac),
+            )
+            / DHCP(
+                options=[
+                    ("message-type", "ack"),
+                    ("subnet_mask", "255.255.255.0"),
+                    ("router", self.pg3.remote_hosts[1].ip4),
+                    ("server_id", self.pg3.remote_hosts[2].ip4),
+                    ("lease_time", 43200),
+                    ("renewal_time", 2),
+                    "end",
+                ]
+            )
+        )
 
         self.pg3.add_stream(p_ack)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -1531,19 +1633,19 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
         #
         clients = self.vapi.dhcp_client_dump()
 
-        self.assertEqual(clients[0].client.sw_if_index,
-                         self.pg3.sw_if_index)
-        self.assertEqual(clients[0].lease.sw_if_index,
-                         self.pg3.sw_if_index)
+        self.assertEqual(clients[0].client.sw_if_index, self.pg3.sw_if_index)
+        self.assertEqual(clients[0].lease.sw_if_index, self.pg3.sw_if_index)
         self.assertEqual(clients[0].client.hostname, hostname)
         self.assertEqual(clients[0].lease.hostname, hostname)
         # 0 = DISCOVER, 1 = REQUEST, 2 = BOUND
         self.assertEqual(clients[0].lease.state, 2)
         self.assertEqual(clients[0].lease.mask_width, 24)
-        self.assertEqual(str(clients[0].lease.router_address),
-                         self.pg3.remote_hosts[1].ip4)
-        self.assertEqual(str(clients[0].lease.host_address),
-                         self.pg3.remote_hosts[3].ip4)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            str(clients[0].lease.router_address), self.pg3.remote_hosts[1].ip4
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            str(clients[0].lease.host_address), self.pg3.remote_hosts[3].ip4
+        )
 
         #
         # remove the DHCP config
@@ -1577,39 +1679,51 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
         # Send back on offer with requested lease time, expect the request
         #
         lease_time = 1
-        p_offer = (Ether(dst=self.pg3.local_mac, src=self.pg3.remote_mac) /
-                   IP(src=self.pg3.remote_ip4, dst='255.255.255.255') /
-                   UDP(sport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP4_CLIENT_PORT) /
-                   BOOTP(op=1,
-                         yiaddr=self.pg3.local_ip4,
-                         chaddr=mac_pton(self.pg3.local_mac)) /
-                   DHCP(options=[('message-type', 'offer'),
-                                 ('server_id', self.pg3.remote_ip4),
-                                 ('lease_time', lease_time),
-                                 'end']))
+        p_offer = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg3.local_mac, src=self.pg3.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg3.remote_ip4, dst="255.255.255.255")
+            / UDP(sport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP4_CLIENT_PORT)
+            / BOOTP(
+                op=1, yiaddr=self.pg3.local_ip4, chaddr=mac_pton(self.pg3.local_mac)
+            )
+            / DHCP(
+                options=[
+                    ("message-type", "offer"),
+                    ("server_id", self.pg3.remote_ip4),
+                    ("lease_time", lease_time),
+                    "end",
+                ]
+            )
+        )
 
         self.pg3.add_stream(p_offer)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
         rx = self.pg3.get_capture(1)
-        self.verify_orig_dhcp_request(rx[0], self.pg3, hostname,
-                                      self.pg3.local_ip4)
+        self.verify_orig_dhcp_request(rx[0], self.pg3, hostname, self.pg3.local_ip4)
 
         #
         # Send an acknowledgment
         #
-        p_ack = (Ether(dst=self.pg3.local_mac, src=self.pg3.remote_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg3.remote_ip4, dst='255.255.255.255') /
-                 UDP(sport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP4_CLIENT_PORT) /
-                 BOOTP(op=1, yiaddr=self.pg3.local_ip4,
-                       chaddr=mac_pton(self.pg3.local_mac)) /
-                 DHCP(options=[('message-type', 'ack'),
-                               ('subnet_mask', '255.255.255.0'),
-                               ('router', self.pg3.remote_ip4),
-                               ('server_id', self.pg3.remote_ip4),
-                               ('lease_time', lease_time),
-                               'end']))
+        p_ack = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg3.local_mac, src=self.pg3.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg3.remote_ip4, dst="255.255.255.255")
+            / UDP(sport=DHCP4_SERVER_PORT, dport=DHCP4_CLIENT_PORT)
+            / BOOTP(
+                op=1, yiaddr=self.pg3.local_ip4, chaddr=mac_pton(self.pg3.local_mac)
+            )
+            / DHCP(
+                options=[
+                    ("message-type", "ack"),
+                    ("subnet_mask", "255.255.255.0"),
+                    ("router", self.pg3.remote_ip4),
+                    ("server_id", self.pg3.remote_ip4),
+                    ("lease_time", lease_time),
+                    "end",
+                ]
+            )
+        )
 
         self.pg3.add_stream(p_ack)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -1641,11 +1755,11 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
         Client.remove_vpp_config()
 
     def test_dhcp_client_vlan(self):
-        """ DHCP Client w/ VLAN"""
+        """DHCP Client w/ VLAN"""
 
         vdscp = VppEnum.vl_api_ip_dscp_t
         vqos = VppEnum.vl_api_qos_source_t
-        hostname = 'universal-dp'
+        hostname = "universal-dp"
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
 
@@ -1653,24 +1767,20 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
         vlan_100.admin_up()
 
         output = [scapy.compat.chb(4)] * 256
-        os = b''.join(output)
-        rows = [{'outputs': os},
-                {'outputs': os},
-                {'outputs': os},
-                {'outputs': os}]
+        os = b"".join(output)
+        rows = [{"outputs": os}, {"outputs": os}, {"outputs": os}, {"outputs": os}]
 
         qem1 = VppQosEgressMap(self, 1, rows).add_vpp_config()
-        qm1 = VppQosMark(self, vlan_100, qem1,
-                         vqos.QOS_API_SOURCE_VLAN).add_vpp_config()
+        qm1 = VppQosMark(
+            self, vlan_100, qem1, vqos.QOS_API_SOURCE_VLAN
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # Configure DHCP client on PG3 and capture the discover sent
         #
         Client = VppDHCPClient(
-            self,
-            vlan_100.sw_if_index,
-            hostname,
-            dscp=vdscp.IP_API_DSCP_EF)
+            self, vlan_100.sw_if_index, hostname, dscp=vdscp.IP_API_DSCP_EF
+        )
         Client.add_vpp_config()
 
         rx = self.pg3.get_capture(1)
@@ -1678,9 +1788,10 @@ class TestDHCP(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(rx[0][Dot1Q].vlan, 100)
         self.assertEqual(rx[0][Dot1Q].prio, 2)
 
-        self.verify_orig_dhcp_discover(rx[0], self.pg3, hostname,
-                                       dscp=vdscp.IP_API_DSCP_EF)
+        self.verify_orig_dhcp_discover(
+            rx[0], self.pg3, hostname, dscp=vdscp.IP_API_DSCP_EF
+        )
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_dhcp6.py b/test/test_dhcp6.py
index 57eb113fb13..8a00cb81f90 100644
--- a/test/test_dhcp6.py
+++ b/test/test_dhcp6.py
@@ -1,10 +1,24 @@
 from socket import AF_INET6, inet_ntop, inet_pton
 
-from scapy.layers.dhcp6 import DHCP6_Advertise, DHCP6OptClientId, \
-    DHCP6OptStatusCode, DHCP6OptPref, DHCP6OptIA_PD, DHCP6OptIAPrefix, \
-    DHCP6OptServerId, DHCP6_Solicit, DHCP6_Reply, DHCP6_Request, DHCP6_Renew, \
-    DHCP6_Rebind, DUID_LL, DHCP6_Release, DHCP6OptElapsedTime, DHCP6OptIA_NA, \
-    DHCP6OptIAAddress
+from scapy.layers.dhcp6 import (
+    DHCP6_Advertise,
+    DHCP6OptClientId,
+    DHCP6OptStatusCode,
+    DHCP6OptPref,
+    DHCP6OptIA_PD,
+    DHCP6OptIAPrefix,
+    DHCP6OptServerId,
+    DHCP6_Solicit,
+    DHCP6_Reply,
+    DHCP6_Request,
+    DHCP6_Renew,
+    DHCP6_Rebind,
+    DUID_LL,
+    DHCP6_Release,
+    DHCP6OptElapsedTime,
+    DHCP6OptIA_NA,
+    DHCP6OptIAAddress,
+)
 from scapy.layers.inet6 import IPv6, Ether, UDP
 from scapy.utils6 import in6_mactoifaceid
 
@@ -21,7 +35,7 @@ def ip6_normalize(ip6):
 
 
 class TestDHCPv6DataPlane(VppTestCase):
-    """ DHCPv6 Data Plane Test Case """
+    """DHCPv6 Data Plane Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -49,25 +63,23 @@ class TestDHCPv6DataPlane(VppTestCase):
         super(TestDHCPv6DataPlane, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_dhcp_ia_na_send_solicit_receive_advertise(self):
-        """ Verify DHCPv6 IA NA Solicit packet and Advertise event """
+        """Verify DHCPv6 IA NA Solicit packet and Advertise event"""
 
         self.vapi.dhcp6_clients_enable_disable(enable=1)
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
-        address = {'address': '1:2:3::5',
-                   'preferred_time': 60,
-                   'valid_time': 120}
+        address = {"address": "1:2:3::5", "preferred_time": 60, "valid_time": 120}
         self.vapi.dhcp6_send_client_message(
-            server_index=0xffffffff,
+            server_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
             mrc=1,
             msg_type=VppEnum.vl_api_dhcpv6_msg_type_t.DHCPV6_MSG_API_SOLICIT,
             sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
             T1=20,
             T2=40,
             addresses=[address],
-            n_addresses=len(
-                [address]))
+            n_addresses=len([address]),
+        )
         rx_list = self.pg0.get_capture(1)
         self.assertEqual(len(rx_list), 1)
         packet = rx_list[0]
@@ -89,27 +101,27 @@ class TestDHCPv6DataPlane(VppTestCase):
         self.assert_equal(ia_na.T2, 40)
         self.assert_equal(len(ia_na.ianaopts), 1)
         address = ia_na.ianaopts[0]
-        self.assert_equal(address.addr, '1:2:3::5')
+        self.assert_equal(address.addr, "1:2:3::5")
         self.assert_equal(address.preflft, 60)
         self.assert_equal(address.validlft, 120)
 
-        self.vapi.want_dhcp6_reply_events(enable_disable=1,
-                                          pid=os.getpid())
+        self.vapi.want_dhcp6_reply_events(enable_disable=1, pid=os.getpid())
 
         try:
-            ia_na_opts = DHCP6OptIAAddress(addr='7:8::2', preflft=60,
-                                           validlft=120)
-            p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                 IPv6(src=util.mk_ll_addr(self.pg0.remote_mac),
-                      dst=self.pg0.local_ip6_ll) /
-                 UDP(sport=547, dport=546) /
-                 DHCP6_Advertise(trid=trid) /
-                 DHCP6OptServerId(duid=self.server_duid) /
-                 DHCP6OptClientId(duid=client_duid) /
-                 DHCP6OptPref(prefval=7) /
-                 DHCP6OptStatusCode(statuscode=1) /
-                 DHCP6OptIA_NA(iaid=1, T1=20, T2=40, ianaopts=ia_na_opts)
-                 )
+            ia_na_opts = DHCP6OptIAAddress(addr="7:8::2", preflft=60, validlft=120)
+            p = (
+                Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                / IPv6(
+                    src=util.mk_ll_addr(self.pg0.remote_mac), dst=self.pg0.local_ip6_ll
+                )
+                / UDP(sport=547, dport=546)
+                / DHCP6_Advertise(trid=trid)
+                / DHCP6OptServerId(duid=self.server_duid)
+                / DHCP6OptClientId(duid=client_duid)
+                / DHCP6OptPref(prefval=7)
+                / DHCP6OptStatusCode(statuscode=1)
+                / DHCP6OptIA_NA(iaid=1, T1=20, T2=40, ianaopts=ia_na_opts)
+            )
             self.pg0.add_stream([p])
             self.pg_start()
 
@@ -123,36 +135,41 @@ class TestDHCPv6DataPlane(VppTestCase):
             reported_address = ev.addresses[0]
             address = ia_na_opts.getfieldval("addr")
             self.assert_equal(str(reported_address.address), address)
-            self.assert_equal(reported_address.preferred_time,
-                              ia_na_opts.getfieldval("preflft"))
-            self.assert_equal(reported_address.valid_time,
-                              ia_na_opts.getfieldval("validlft"))
+            self.assert_equal(
+                reported_address.preferred_time, ia_na_opts.getfieldval("preflft")
+            )
+            self.assert_equal(
+                reported_address.valid_time, ia_na_opts.getfieldval("validlft")
+            )
 
         finally:
             self.vapi.want_dhcp6_reply_events(enable_disable=0)
         self.vapi.dhcp6_clients_enable_disable(enable=0)
 
     def test_dhcp_pd_send_solicit_receive_advertise(self):
-        """ Verify DHCPv6 PD Solicit packet and Advertise event """
+        """Verify DHCPv6 PD Solicit packet and Advertise event"""
 
         self.vapi.dhcp6_clients_enable_disable(enable=1)
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
-        prefix = {'prefix': {'address': '1:2:3::', 'len': 50},
-                  'preferred_time': 60,
-                  'valid_time': 120}
+        prefix = {
+            "prefix": {"address": "1:2:3::", "len": 50},
+            "preferred_time": 60,
+            "valid_time": 120,
+        }
         prefixes = [prefix]
         self.vapi.dhcp6_pd_send_client_message(
-            server_index=0xffffffff,
+            server_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
             mrc=1,
             msg_type=VppEnum.vl_api_dhcpv6_msg_type_t.DHCPV6_MSG_API_SOLICIT,
             sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
             T1=20,
             T2=40,
             prefixes=prefixes,
-            n_prefixes=len(prefixes))
+            n_prefixes=len(prefixes),
+        )
         rx_list = self.pg0.get_capture(1)
         self.assertEqual(len(rx_list), 1)
         packet = rx_list[0]
@@ -174,28 +191,30 @@ class TestDHCPv6DataPlane(VppTestCase):
         self.assert_equal(ia_pd.T2, 40)
         self.assert_equal(len(ia_pd.iapdopt), 1)
         prefix = ia_pd.iapdopt[0]
-        self.assert_equal(prefix.prefix, '1:2:3::')
+        self.assert_equal(prefix.prefix, "1:2:3::")
         self.assert_equal(prefix.plen, 50)
         self.assert_equal(prefix.preflft, 60)
         self.assert_equal(prefix.validlft, 120)
 
-        self.vapi.want_dhcp6_pd_reply_events(enable_disable=1,
-                                             pid=os.getpid())
+        self.vapi.want_dhcp6_pd_reply_events(enable_disable=1, pid=os.getpid())
 
         try:
-            ia_pd_opts = DHCP6OptIAPrefix(prefix='7:8::', plen=56, preflft=60,
-                                          validlft=120)
-            p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                 IPv6(src=util.mk_ll_addr(self.pg0.remote_mac),
-                      dst=self.pg0.local_ip6_ll) /
-                 UDP(sport=547, dport=546) /
-                 DHCP6_Advertise(trid=trid) /
-                 DHCP6OptServerId(duid=self.server_duid) /
-                 DHCP6OptClientId(duid=client_duid) /
-                 DHCP6OptPref(prefval=7) /
-                 DHCP6OptStatusCode(statuscode=1) /
-                 DHCP6OptIA_PD(iaid=1, T1=20, T2=40, iapdopt=ia_pd_opts)
-                 )
+            ia_pd_opts = DHCP6OptIAPrefix(
+                prefix="7:8::", plen=56, preflft=60, validlft=120
+            )
+            p = (
+                Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                / IPv6(
+                    src=util.mk_ll_addr(self.pg0.remote_mac), dst=self.pg0.local_ip6_ll
+                )
+                / UDP(sport=547, dport=546)
+                / DHCP6_Advertise(trid=trid)
+                / DHCP6OptServerId(duid=self.server_duid)
+                / DHCP6OptClientId(duid=client_duid)
+                / DHCP6OptPref(prefval=7)
+                / DHCP6OptStatusCode(statuscode=1)
+                / DHCP6OptIA_PD(iaid=1, T1=20, T2=40, iapdopt=ia_pd_opts)
+            )
             self.pg0.add_stream([p])
             self.pg_start()
 
@@ -208,14 +227,17 @@ class TestDHCPv6DataPlane(VppTestCase):
 
             reported_prefix = ev.prefixes[0]
             prefix = ia_pd_opts.getfieldval("prefix")
+            self.assert_equal(str(reported_prefix.prefix).split("/")[0], prefix)
             self.assert_equal(
-                str(reported_prefix.prefix).split('/')[0], prefix)
-            self.assert_equal(int(str(reported_prefix.prefix).split('/')[1]),
-                              ia_pd_opts.getfieldval("plen"))
-            self.assert_equal(reported_prefix.preferred_time,
-                              ia_pd_opts.getfieldval("preflft"))
-            self.assert_equal(reported_prefix.valid_time,
-                              ia_pd_opts.getfieldval("validlft"))
+                int(str(reported_prefix.prefix).split("/")[1]),
+                ia_pd_opts.getfieldval("plen"),
+            )
+            self.assert_equal(
+                reported_prefix.preferred_time, ia_pd_opts.getfieldval("preflft")
+            )
+            self.assert_equal(
+                reported_prefix.valid_time, ia_pd_opts.getfieldval("validlft")
+            )
 
         finally:
             self.vapi.want_dhcp6_pd_reply_events(enable_disable=0)
@@ -224,7 +246,7 @@ class TestDHCPv6DataPlane(VppTestCase):
 
 @tag_run_solo
 class TestDHCPv6IANAControlPlane(VppTestCase):
-    """ DHCPv6 IA NA Control Plane Test Case """
+    """DHCPv6 IA NA Control Plane Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -248,18 +270,19 @@ class TestDHCPv6IANAControlPlane(VppTestCase):
         self.T2 = 2
 
         fib = self.vapi.ip_route_dump(0, True)
-        self.initial_addresses = set(self.get_interface_addresses(fib,
-                                                                  self.pg0))
+        self.initial_addresses = set(self.get_interface_addresses(fib, self.pg0))
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
-        self.vapi.dhcp6_client_enable_disable(sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                              enable=1)
+        self.vapi.dhcp6_client_enable_disable(
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, enable=1
+        )
 
     def tearDown(self):
-        self.vapi.dhcp6_client_enable_disable(sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                              enable=0)
+        self.vapi.dhcp6_client_enable_disable(
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, enable=0
+        )
 
         for i in self.interfaces:
             i.admin_down()
@@ -302,12 +325,12 @@ class TestDHCPv6IANAControlPlane(VppTestCase):
                 self.trid = packet[msg_type].trid
             ip = packet[IPv6]
             udp = packet[UDP]
-            self.assertEqual(ip.dst, 'ff02::1:2')
+            self.assertEqual(ip.dst, "ff02::1:2")
             self.assertEqual(udp.sport, 546)
             self.assertEqual(udp.dport, 547)
             dhcpv6 = packet[msg_type]
             elapsed_time = dhcpv6[DHCP6OptElapsedTime]
-            if (is_resend):
+            if is_resend:
                 self.assertNotEqual(elapsed_time.elapsedtime, 0)
             else:
                 self.assertEqual(elapsed_time.elapsedtime, 0)
@@ -346,15 +369,15 @@ class TestDHCPv6IANAControlPlane(VppTestCase):
             opt_ia_na = DHCP6OptIA_NA(iaid=1, T1=t1, T2=t2)
         else:
             opt_ia_na = DHCP6OptIA_NA(iaid=1, T1=t1, T2=t2, ianaopts=ianaopts)
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=util.mk_ll_addr(self.pg0.remote_mac),
-                  dst=self.pg0.local_ip6_ll) /
-             UDP(sport=547, dport=546) /
-             msg_type(trid=self.trid) /
-             DHCP6OptServerId(duid=self.server_duid) /
-             DHCP6OptClientId(duid=self.client_duid) /
-             opt_ia_na
-             )
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=util.mk_ll_addr(self.pg0.remote_mac), dst=self.pg0.local_ip6_ll)
+            / UDP(sport=547, dport=546)
+            / msg_type(trid=self.trid)
+            / DHCP6OptServerId(duid=self.server_duid)
+            / DHCP6OptClientId(duid=self.client_duid)
+            / opt_ia_na
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream([p])
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -366,7 +389,7 @@ class TestDHCPv6IANAControlPlane(VppTestCase):
         self.send_packet(DHCP6_Reply, t1, t2, ianaopts)
 
     def test_T1_and_T2_timeouts(self):
-        """ Test T1 and T2 timeouts """
+        """Test T1 and T2 timeouts"""
 
         self.wait_for_solicit()
         self.send_advertise()
@@ -384,10 +407,9 @@ class TestDHCPv6IANAControlPlane(VppTestCase):
         self.wait_for_rebind()
 
     def test_addresses(self):
-        """ Test handling of addresses """
+        """Test handling of addresses"""
 
-        ia_na_opts = DHCP6OptIAAddress(addr='7:8::2', preflft=1,
-                                       validlft=2)
+        ia_na_opts = DHCP6OptIAAddress(addr="7:8::2", preflft=1, validlft=2)
 
         self.wait_for_solicit()
         self.send_advertise(t1=20, t2=40, ianaopts=ia_na_opts)
@@ -399,7 +421,7 @@ class TestDHCPv6IANAControlPlane(VppTestCase):
         new_addresses = self.get_addresses()
         self.assertEqual(len(new_addresses), 1)
         addr = list(new_addresses)[0]
-        self.assertEqual(addr, '7:8::2')
+        self.assertEqual(addr, "7:8::2")
 
         self.sleep(2)
 
@@ -410,7 +432,7 @@ class TestDHCPv6IANAControlPlane(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(len(new_addresses), 0)
 
     def test_sending_client_messages_solicit(self):
-        """ VPP receives messages from DHCPv6 client """
+        """VPP receives messages from DHCPv6 client"""
 
         self.wait_for_solicit()
         self.send_packet(DHCP6_Solicit)
@@ -421,7 +443,7 @@ class TestDHCPv6IANAControlPlane(VppTestCase):
         self.wait_for_solicit(is_resend=True)
 
     def test_sending_inappropriate_packets(self):
-        """ Server sends messages with inappropriate message types """
+        """Server sends messages with inappropriate message types"""
 
         self.wait_for_solicit()
         self.send_reply()
@@ -434,7 +456,7 @@ class TestDHCPv6IANAControlPlane(VppTestCase):
         self.wait_for_renew()
 
     def test_no_address_available_in_advertise(self):
-        """ Advertise message contains NoAddrsAvail status code """
+        """Advertise message contains NoAddrsAvail status code"""
 
         self.wait_for_solicit()
         noavail = DHCP6OptStatusCode(statuscode=2)  # NoAddrsAvail
@@ -442,12 +464,12 @@ class TestDHCPv6IANAControlPlane(VppTestCase):
         self.wait_for_solicit(is_resend=True)
 
     def test_preferred_greater_than_valid_lifetime(self):
-        """ Preferred lifetime is greater than valid lifetime """
+        """Preferred lifetime is greater than valid lifetime"""
 
         self.wait_for_solicit()
         self.send_advertise()
         self.wait_for_request()
-        ia_na_opts = DHCP6OptIAAddress(addr='7:8::2', preflft=4, validlft=3)
+        ia_na_opts = DHCP6OptIAAddress(addr="7:8::2", preflft=4, validlft=3)
         self.send_reply(ianaopts=ia_na_opts)
 
         self.sleep(0.5)
@@ -459,12 +481,12 @@ class TestDHCPv6IANAControlPlane(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(len(new_addresses), 0)
 
     def test_T1_greater_than_T2(self):
-        """ T1 is greater than T2 """
+        """T1 is greater than T2"""
 
         self.wait_for_solicit()
         self.send_advertise()
         self.wait_for_request()
-        ia_na_opts = DHCP6OptIAAddress(addr='7:8::2', preflft=4, validlft=8)
+        ia_na_opts = DHCP6OptIAAddress(addr="7:8::2", preflft=4, validlft=8)
         self.send_reply(t1=80, t2=40, ianaopts=ia_na_opts)
 
         self.sleep(0.5)
@@ -478,7 +500,7 @@ class TestDHCPv6IANAControlPlane(VppTestCase):
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 class TestDHCPv6PDControlPlane(VppTestCase):
-    """ DHCPv6 PD Control Plane Test Case """
+    """DHCPv6 PD Control Plane Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -502,22 +524,19 @@ class TestDHCPv6PDControlPlane(VppTestCase):
         self.T2 = 2
 
         fib = self.vapi.ip_route_dump(0, True)
-        self.initial_addresses = set(self.get_interface_addresses(fib,
-                                                                  self.pg1))
+        self.initial_addresses = set(self.get_interface_addresses(fib, self.pg1))
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
-        self.prefix_group = 'my-pd-prefix-group'
+        self.prefix_group = "my-pd-prefix-group"
 
         self.vapi.dhcp6_pd_client_enable_disable(
-            enable=1,
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            prefix_group=self.prefix_group)
+            enable=1, sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, prefix_group=self.prefix_group
+        )
 
     def tearDown(self):
-        self.vapi.dhcp6_pd_client_enable_disable(self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                                 enable=0)
+        self.vapi.dhcp6_pd_client_enable_disable(self.pg0.sw_if_index, enable=0)
 
         for i in self.interfaces:
             i.admin_down()
@@ -560,12 +579,12 @@ class TestDHCPv6PDControlPlane(VppTestCase):
                 self.trid = packet[msg_type].trid
             ip = packet[IPv6]
             udp = packet[UDP]
-            self.assertEqual(ip.dst, 'ff02::1:2')
+            self.assertEqual(ip.dst, "ff02::1:2")
             self.assertEqual(udp.sport, 546)
             self.assertEqual(udp.dport, 547)
             dhcpv6 = packet[msg_type]
             elapsed_time = dhcpv6[DHCP6OptElapsedTime]
-            if (is_resend):
+            if is_resend:
                 self.assertNotEqual(elapsed_time.elapsedtime, 0)
             else:
                 self.assertEqual(elapsed_time.elapsedtime, 0)
@@ -604,15 +623,15 @@ class TestDHCPv6PDControlPlane(VppTestCase):
             opt_ia_pd = DHCP6OptIA_PD(iaid=1, T1=t1, T2=t2)
         else:
             opt_ia_pd = DHCP6OptIA_PD(iaid=1, T1=t1, T2=t2, iapdopt=iapdopt)
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=util.mk_ll_addr(self.pg0.remote_mac),
-                  dst=self.pg0.local_ip6_ll) /
-             UDP(sport=547, dport=546) /
-             msg_type(trid=self.trid) /
-             DHCP6OptServerId(duid=self.server_duid) /
-             DHCP6OptClientId(duid=self.client_duid) /
-             opt_ia_pd
-             )
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=util.mk_ll_addr(self.pg0.remote_mac), dst=self.pg0.local_ip6_ll)
+            / UDP(sport=547, dport=546)
+            / msg_type(trid=self.trid)
+            / DHCP6OptServerId(duid=self.server_duid)
+            / DHCP6OptClientId(duid=self.client_duid)
+            / opt_ia_pd
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream([p])
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -624,7 +643,7 @@ class TestDHCPv6PDControlPlane(VppTestCase):
         self.send_packet(DHCP6_Reply, t1, t2, iapdopt)
 
     def test_T1_and_T2_timeouts(self):
-        """ Test T1 and T2 timeouts """
+        """Test T1 and T2 timeouts"""
 
         self.wait_for_solicit()
         self.send_advertise()
@@ -642,18 +661,20 @@ class TestDHCPv6PDControlPlane(VppTestCase):
         self.wait_for_rebind()
 
     def test_prefixes(self):
-        """ Test handling of prefixes """
+        """Test handling of prefixes"""
 
-        address1 = '::2:0:0:0:405/60'
-        address2 = '::76:0:0:0:406/62'
+        address1 = "::2:0:0:0:405/60"
+        address2 = "::76:0:0:0:406/62"
         try:
             self.vapi.ip6_add_del_address_using_prefix(
                 sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
                 address_with_prefix=address1,
-                prefix_group=self.prefix_group)
+                prefix_group=self.prefix_group,
+            )
 
-            ia_pd_opts = DHCP6OptIAPrefix(prefix='7:8::', plen=56, preflft=2,
-                                          validlft=3)
+            ia_pd_opts = DHCP6OptIAPrefix(
+                prefix="7:8::", plen=56, preflft=2, validlft=3
+            )
 
             self.wait_for_solicit()
             self.send_advertise(t1=20, t2=40, iapdopt=ia_pd_opts)
@@ -665,14 +686,15 @@ class TestDHCPv6PDControlPlane(VppTestCase):
             new_addresses = self.get_addresses()
             self.assertEqual(len(new_addresses), 1)
             addr = list(new_addresses)[0]
-            self.assertEqual(addr, '7:8:0:2::405')
+            self.assertEqual(addr, "7:8:0:2::405")
 
             self.sleep(1)
 
             self.vapi.ip6_add_del_address_using_prefix(
                 sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
                 address_with_prefix=address2,
-                prefix_group=self.prefix_group)
+                prefix_group=self.prefix_group,
+            )
 
             self.sleep(1)
 
@@ -683,10 +705,10 @@ class TestDHCPv6PDControlPlane(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(len(new_addresses), 2)
             addr1 = list(new_addresses)[0]
             addr2 = list(new_addresses)[1]
-            if addr1 == '7:8:0:76::406':
+            if addr1 == "7:8:0:76::406":
                 addr1, addr2 = addr2, addr1
-            self.assertEqual(addr1, '7:8:0:2::405')
-            self.assertEqual(addr2, '7:8:0:76::406')
+            self.assertEqual(addr1, "7:8:0:2::405")
+            self.assertEqual(addr2, "7:8:0:76::406")
 
             self.sleep(1)
 
@@ -701,15 +723,19 @@ class TestDHCPv6PDControlPlane(VppTestCase):
                 self.vapi.ip6_add_del_address_using_prefix(
                     sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
                     address_with_prefix=address1,
-                    prefix_group=self.prefix_group, is_add=0)
+                    prefix_group=self.prefix_group,
+                    is_add=0,
+                )
             if address2 is not None:
                 self.vapi.ip6_add_del_address_using_prefix(
                     sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
                     address_with_prefix=address2,
-                    prefix_group=self.prefix_group, is_add=0)
+                    prefix_group=self.prefix_group,
+                    is_add=0,
+                )
 
     def test_sending_client_messages_solicit(self):
-        """ VPP receives messages from DHCPv6 client """
+        """VPP receives messages from DHCPv6 client"""
 
         self.wait_for_solicit()
         self.send_packet(DHCP6_Solicit)
@@ -720,7 +746,7 @@ class TestDHCPv6PDControlPlane(VppTestCase):
         self.wait_for_solicit(is_resend=True)
 
     def test_sending_inappropriate_packets(self):
-        """ Server sends messages with inappropriate message types """
+        """Server sends messages with inappropriate message types"""
 
         self.wait_for_solicit()
         self.send_reply()
@@ -733,7 +759,7 @@ class TestDHCPv6PDControlPlane(VppTestCase):
         self.wait_for_renew()
 
     def test_no_prefix_available_in_advertise(self):
-        """ Advertise message contains NoPrefixAvail status code """
+        """Advertise message contains NoPrefixAvail status code"""
 
         self.wait_for_solicit()
         noavail = DHCP6OptStatusCode(statuscode=6)  # NoPrefixAvail
@@ -741,20 +767,22 @@ class TestDHCPv6PDControlPlane(VppTestCase):
         self.wait_for_solicit(is_resend=True)
 
     def test_preferred_greater_than_valid_lifetime(self):
-        """ Preferred lifetime is greater than valid lifetime """
+        """Preferred lifetime is greater than valid lifetime"""
 
-        address1 = '::2:0:0:0:405/60'
+        address1 = "::2:0:0:0:405/60"
         try:
             self.vapi.ip6_add_del_address_using_prefix(
                 sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
                 address_with_prefix=address1,
-                prefix_group=self.prefix_group)
+                prefix_group=self.prefix_group,
+            )
 
             self.wait_for_solicit()
             self.send_advertise()
             self.wait_for_request()
-            ia_pd_opts = DHCP6OptIAPrefix(prefix='7:8::', plen=56, preflft=4,
-                                          validlft=3)
+            ia_pd_opts = DHCP6OptIAPrefix(
+                prefix="7:8::", plen=56, preflft=4, validlft=3
+            )
             self.send_reply(iapdopt=ia_pd_opts)
 
             self.sleep(0.5)
@@ -770,23 +798,26 @@ class TestDHCPv6PDControlPlane(VppTestCase):
                 sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
                 address_with_prefix=address1,
                 prefix_group=self.prefix_group,
-                is_add=0)
+                is_add=0,
+            )
 
     def test_T1_greater_than_T2(self):
-        """ T1 is greater than T2 """
+        """T1 is greater than T2"""
 
-        address1 = '::2:0:0:0:405/60'
+        address1 = "::2:0:0:0:405/60"
         try:
             self.vapi.ip6_add_del_address_using_prefix(
                 sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
                 address_with_prefix=address1,
-                prefix_group=self.prefix_group)
+                prefix_group=self.prefix_group,
+            )
 
             self.wait_for_solicit()
             self.send_advertise()
             self.wait_for_request()
-            ia_pd_opts = DHCP6OptIAPrefix(prefix='7:8::', plen=56, preflft=4,
-                                          validlft=8)
+            ia_pd_opts = DHCP6OptIAPrefix(
+                prefix="7:8::", plen=56, preflft=4, validlft=8
+            )
             self.send_reply(t1=80, t2=40, iapdopt=ia_pd_opts)
 
             self.sleep(0.5)
@@ -802,4 +833,5 @@ class TestDHCPv6PDControlPlane(VppTestCase):
                 sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
                 prefix_group=self.prefix_group,
                 address_with_prefix=address1,
-                is_add=False)
+                is_add=False,
+            )
diff --git a/test/test_dns.py b/test/test_dns.py
index fb8958c511b..acc9bfe889c 100644
--- a/test/test_dns.py
+++ b/test/test_dns.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ from scapy.layers.dns import DNSRR, DNS, DNSQR
 
 
 class TestDns(VppTestCase):
-    """ Dns Test Cases """
+    """Dns Test Cases"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -43,15 +43,19 @@ class TestDns(VppTestCase):
 
         :param VppInterface src_if: Interface to create packet stream for.
         """
-        good_request = (Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac) /
-                        IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4) /
-                        UDP(sport=1234, dport=53) /
-                        DNS(rd=1, qd=DNSQR(qname="bozo.clown.org")))
+        good_request = (
+            Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=53)
+            / DNS(rd=1, qd=DNSQR(qname="bozo.clown.org"))
+        )
 
-        bad_request = (Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac) /
-                       IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4) /
-                       UDP(sport=1234, dport=53) /
-                       DNS(rd=1, qd=DNSQR(qname="no.clown.org")))
+        bad_request = (
+            Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=53)
+            / DNS(rd=1, qd=DNSQR(qname="no.clown.org"))
+        )
         pkts = [good_request, bad_request]
         return pkts
 
@@ -65,14 +69,15 @@ class TestDns(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.info("Verifying capture on interface %s" % dst_if.name)
         for packet in capture:
             dns = packet[DNS]
-            self.assertEqual(dns.an[0].rdata, '1.2.3.4')
+            self.assertEqual(dns.an[0].rdata, "1.2.3.4")
 
     def test_dns_unittest(self):
-        """ DNS Name Resolver Basic Functional Test """
+        """DNS Name Resolver Basic Functional Test"""
 
         # Set up an upstream name resolver. We won't actually go there
         self.vapi.dns_name_server_add_del(
-            is_ip6=0, is_add=1, server_address=IPv4Address(u'8.8.8.8').packed)
+            is_ip6=0, is_add=1, server_address=IPv4Address("8.8.8.8").packed
+        )
 
         # Enable name resolution
         self.vapi.dns_enable_disable(enable=1)
@@ -81,13 +86,13 @@ class TestDns(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("dns cache add bozo.clown.org 1.2.3.4"))
 
         # Test the binary API
-        rv = self.vapi.dns_resolve_name(name=b'bozo.clown.org')
-        self.assertEqual(rv.ip4_address, IPv4Address(u'1.2.3.4').packed)
+        rv = self.vapi.dns_resolve_name(name=b"bozo.clown.org")
+        self.assertEqual(rv.ip4_address, IPv4Address("1.2.3.4").packed)
 
         # Configure 127.0.0.1/8 on the pg interface
         self.vapi.sw_interface_add_del_address(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            prefix="127.0.0.1/8")
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, prefix="127.0.0.1/8"
+        )
 
         # Send a couple of DNS request packets, one for bozo.clown.org
         # and one for no.clown.org which won't resolve
@@ -102,8 +107,9 @@ class TestDns(VppTestCase):
 
         # Make sure that the cache contents are correct
         str = self.vapi.cli("show dns cache verbose")
-        self.assertIn('1.2.3.4', str)
-        self.assertIn('[P] no.clown.org:', str)
+        self.assertIn("1.2.3.4", str)
+        self.assertIn("[P] no.clown.org:", str)
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_dslite.py b/test/test_dslite.py
index 912ae17da58..cd3482b1cb5 100644
--- a/test/test_dslite.py
+++ b/test/test_dslite.py
@@ -11,8 +11,15 @@ from framework import VppTestCase, VppTestRunner
 import scapy.compat
 from scapy.layers.inet import IP, TCP, UDP, ICMP
 from scapy.layers.inet import IPerror, TCPerror, UDPerror, ICMPerror
-from scapy.layers.inet6 import IPv6, ICMPv6EchoRequest, ICMPv6EchoReply, \
-    ICMPv6ND_NS, ICMPv6ND_NA, ICMPv6NDOptDstLLAddr, fragment6
+from scapy.layers.inet6 import (
+    IPv6,
+    ICMPv6EchoRequest,
+    ICMPv6EchoReply,
+    ICMPv6ND_NS,
+    ICMPv6ND_NA,
+    ICMPv6NDOptDstLLAddr,
+    fragment6,
+)
 from scapy.layers.inet6 import ICMPv6DestUnreach, IPerror6, IPv6ExtHdrFragment
 from scapy.layers.l2 import Ether, ARP, GRE
 from scapy.data import IP_PROTOS
@@ -28,22 +35,32 @@ from io import BytesIO
 from vpp_papi import VppEnum
 from vpp_ip_route import VppIpRoute, VppRoutePath, FibPathType
 from vpp_neighbor import VppNeighbor
-from scapy.all import bind_layers, Packet, ByteEnumField, ShortField, \
-    IPField, IntField, LongField, XByteField, FlagsField, FieldLenField, \
-    PacketListField
+from scapy.all import (
+    bind_layers,
+    Packet,
+    ByteEnumField,
+    ShortField,
+    IPField,
+    IntField,
+    LongField,
+    XByteField,
+    FlagsField,
+    FieldLenField,
+    PacketListField,
+)
 from ipaddress import IPv6Network
 
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 class TestDSlite(VppTestCase):
-    """ DS-Lite Test Cases """
+    """DS-Lite Test Cases"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
         super(TestDSlite, cls).setUpClass()
 
         try:
-            cls.nat_addr = '10.0.0.3'
+            cls.nat_addr = "10.0.0.3"
 
             cls.create_pg_interfaces(range(3))
             cls.pg0.admin_up()
@@ -65,44 +82,45 @@ class TestDSlite(VppTestCase):
     def tearDownClass(cls):
         super(TestDSlite, cls).tearDownClass()
 
-    def verify_syslog_apmadd(self, data, isaddr, isport, xsaddr, xsport,
-                             sv6enc, proto):
-        message = data.decode('utf-8')
+    def verify_syslog_apmadd(self, data, isaddr, isport, xsaddr, xsport, sv6enc, proto):
+        message = data.decode("utf-8")
         try:
             message = SyslogMessage.parse(message)
         except ParseError as e:
             self.logger.error(e)
         else:
             self.assertEqual(message.severity, SyslogSeverity.info)
-            self.assertEqual(message.appname, 'NAT')
-            self.assertEqual(message.msgid, 'APMADD')
-            sd_params = message.sd.get('napmap')
+            self.assertEqual(message.appname, "NAT")
+            self.assertEqual(message.msgid, "APMADD")
+            sd_params = message.sd.get("napmap")
             self.assertTrue(sd_params is not None)
-            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get('IATYP'), 'IPv4')
-            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get('ISADDR'), isaddr)
-            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get('ISPORT'), "%d" % isport)
-            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get('XATYP'), 'IPv4')
-            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get('XSADDR'), xsaddr)
-            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get('XSPORT'), "%d" % xsport)
-            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get('PROTO'), "%d" % proto)
-            self.assertTrue(sd_params.get('SSUBIX') is not None)
-            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get('SV6ENC'), sv6enc)
+            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get("IATYP"), "IPv4")
+            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get("ISADDR"), isaddr)
+            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get("ISPORT"), "%d" % isport)
+            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get("XATYP"), "IPv4")
+            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get("XSADDR"), xsaddr)
+            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get("XSPORT"), "%d" % xsport)
+            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get("PROTO"), "%d" % proto)
+            self.assertTrue(sd_params.get("SSUBIX") is not None)
+            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get("SV6ENC"), sv6enc)
 
     def test_dslite(self):
-        """ Test DS-Lite """
-        self.vapi.dslite_add_del_pool_addr_range(start_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                                                 end_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                                                 is_add=1)
-        aftr_ip4 = '192.0.0.1'
-        aftr_ip6 = '2001:db8:85a3::8a2e:370:1'
+        """Test DS-Lite"""
+        self.vapi.dslite_add_del_pool_addr_range(
+            start_addr=self.nat_addr, end_addr=self.nat_addr, is_add=1
+        )
+        aftr_ip4 = "192.0.0.1"
+        aftr_ip6 = "2001:db8:85a3::8a2e:370:1"
         self.vapi.dslite_set_aftr_addr(ip4_addr=aftr_ip4, ip6_addr=aftr_ip6)
         self.vapi.syslog_set_sender(self.pg2.local_ip4, self.pg2.remote_ip4)
 
         # UDP
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(dst=aftr_ip6, src=self.pg1.remote_hosts[0].ip6) /
-             IP(dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4, src='192.168.1.1') /
-             UDP(sport=20000, dport=10000))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(dst=aftr_ip6, src=self.pg1.remote_hosts[0].ip6)
+            / IP(dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4, src="192.168.1.1")
+            / UDP(sport=20000, dport=10000)
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -116,13 +134,21 @@ class TestDSlite(VppTestCase):
         self.assert_packet_checksums_valid(capture)
         out_port = capture[UDP].sport
         capture = self.pg2.get_capture(1)
-        self.verify_syslog_apmadd(capture[0][Raw].load, '192.168.1.1',
-                                  20000, self.nat_addr, out_port,
-                                  self.pg1.remote_hosts[0].ip6, IP_PROTOS.udp)
+        self.verify_syslog_apmadd(
+            capture[0][Raw].load,
+            "192.168.1.1",
+            20000,
+            self.nat_addr,
+            out_port,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[0].ip6,
+            IP_PROTOS.udp,
+        )
 
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(dst=self.nat_addr, src=self.pg0.remote_ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=10000, dport=out_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(dst=self.nat_addr, src=self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=10000, dport=out_port)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -131,16 +157,18 @@ class TestDSlite(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(capture[IPv6].src, aftr_ip6)
         self.assertEqual(capture[IPv6].dst, self.pg1.remote_hosts[0].ip6)
         self.assertEqual(capture[IP].src, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
-        self.assertEqual(capture[IP].dst, '192.168.1.1')
+        self.assertEqual(capture[IP].dst, "192.168.1.1")
         self.assertEqual(capture[UDP].sport, 10000)
         self.assertEqual(capture[UDP].dport, 20000)
         self.assert_packet_checksums_valid(capture)
 
         # TCP
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(dst=aftr_ip6, src=self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip6) /
-             IP(dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4, src='192.168.1.1') /
-             TCP(sport=20001, dport=10001))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(dst=aftr_ip6, src=self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip6)
+            / IP(dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4, src="192.168.1.1")
+            / TCP(sport=20001, dport=10001)
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -154,9 +182,11 @@ class TestDSlite(VppTestCase):
         self.assert_packet_checksums_valid(capture)
         out_port = capture[TCP].sport
 
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(dst=self.nat_addr, src=self.pg0.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=10001, dport=out_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(dst=self.nat_addr, src=self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=10001, dport=out_port)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -165,16 +195,18 @@ class TestDSlite(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(capture[IPv6].src, aftr_ip6)
         self.assertEqual(capture[IPv6].dst, self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip6)
         self.assertEqual(capture[IP].src, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
-        self.assertEqual(capture[IP].dst, '192.168.1.1')
+        self.assertEqual(capture[IP].dst, "192.168.1.1")
         self.assertEqual(capture[TCP].sport, 10001)
         self.assertEqual(capture[TCP].dport, 20001)
         self.assert_packet_checksums_valid(capture)
 
         # ICMP
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(dst=aftr_ip6, src=self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip6) /
-             IP(dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4, src='192.168.1.1') /
-             ICMP(id=4000, type='echo-request'))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(dst=aftr_ip6, src=self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip6)
+            / IP(dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4, src="192.168.1.1")
+            / ICMP(id=4000, type="echo-request")
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -187,9 +219,11 @@ class TestDSlite(VppTestCase):
         self.assert_packet_checksums_valid(capture)
         out_id = capture[ICMP].id
 
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(dst=self.nat_addr, src=self.pg0.remote_ip4) /
-             ICMP(id=out_id, type='echo-reply'))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(dst=self.nat_addr, src=self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+            / ICMP(id=out_id, type="echo-reply")
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -198,14 +232,16 @@ class TestDSlite(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(capture[IPv6].src, aftr_ip6)
         self.assertEqual(capture[IPv6].dst, self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip6)
         self.assertEqual(capture[IP].src, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
-        self.assertEqual(capture[IP].dst, '192.168.1.1')
+        self.assertEqual(capture[IP].dst, "192.168.1.1")
         self.assertEqual(capture[ICMP].id, 4000)
         self.assert_packet_checksums_valid(capture)
 
         # ping DS-Lite AFTR tunnel endpoint address
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip6, dst=aftr_ip6) /
-             ICMPv6EchoRequest())
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip6, dst=aftr_ip6)
+            / ICMPv6EchoRequest()
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -215,9 +251,9 @@ class TestDSlite(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(capture[IPv6].dst, self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip6)
         self.assertTrue(capture.haslayer(ICMPv6EchoReply))
 
-        b4s = self.statistics.get_counter('/dslite/total-b4s')
+        b4s = self.statistics.get_counter("/dslite/total-b4s")
         self.assertEqual(b4s[0][0], 2)
-        sessions = self.statistics.get_counter('/dslite/total-sessions')
+        sessions = self.statistics.get_counter("/dslite/total-sessions")
         self.assertEqual(sessions[0][0], 3)
 
     def tearDown(self):
@@ -225,13 +261,12 @@ class TestDSlite(VppTestCase):
 
     def show_commands_at_teardown(self):
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show dslite pool"))
-        self.logger.info(
-            self.vapi.cli("show dslite aftr-tunnel-endpoint-address"))
+        self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show dslite aftr-tunnel-endpoint-address"))
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show dslite sessions"))
 
 
 class TestDSliteCE(VppTestCase):
-    """ DS-Lite CE Test Cases """
+    """DS-Lite CE Test Cases"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpConstants(cls):
@@ -261,25 +296,30 @@ class TestDSliteCE(VppTestCase):
         super(TestDSliteCE, cls).tearDownClass()
 
     def test_dslite_ce(self):
-        """ Test DS-Lite CE """
-        b4_ip4 = '192.0.0.2'
-        b4_ip6 = '2001:db8:62aa::375e:f4c1:1'
+        """Test DS-Lite CE"""
+        b4_ip4 = "192.0.0.2"
+        b4_ip6 = "2001:db8:62aa::375e:f4c1:1"
         self.vapi.dslite_set_b4_addr(ip4_addr=b4_ip4, ip6_addr=b4_ip6)
 
-        aftr_ip4 = '192.0.0.1'
-        aftr_ip6 = '2001:db8:85a3::8a2e:370:1'
+        aftr_ip4 = "192.0.0.1"
+        aftr_ip6 = "2001:db8:85a3::8a2e:370:1"
         aftr_ip6_n = socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET6, aftr_ip6)
         self.vapi.dslite_set_aftr_addr(ip4_addr=aftr_ip4, ip6_addr=aftr_ip6)
 
-        r1 = VppIpRoute(self, aftr_ip6, 128,
-                        [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                                      self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
+        r1 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            aftr_ip6,
+            128,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6, self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         r1.add_vpp_config()
 
         # UDP encapsulation
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4, src=self.pg0.remote_ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=10000, dport=20000))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4, src=self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=10000, dport=20000)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -294,10 +334,12 @@ class TestDSliteCE(VppTestCase):
         self.assert_packet_checksums_valid(capture)
 
         # UDP decapsulation
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(dst=b4_ip6, src=aftr_ip6) /
-             IP(dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4, src=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=20000, dport=10000))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(dst=b4_ip6, src=aftr_ip6)
+            / IP(dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4, src=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=20000, dport=10000)
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -311,9 +353,11 @@ class TestDSliteCE(VppTestCase):
         self.assert_packet_checksums_valid(capture)
 
         # ping DS-Lite B4 tunnel endpoint address
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.pg1.remote_hosts[0].ip6, dst=b4_ip6) /
-             ICMPv6EchoRequest())
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg1.remote_hosts[0].ip6, dst=b4_ip6)
+            / ICMPv6EchoRequest()
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -327,7 +371,5 @@ class TestDSliteCE(VppTestCase):
         super(TestDSliteCE, self).tearDown()
 
     def show_commands_at_teardown(self):
-        self.logger.info(
-            self.vapi.cli("show dslite aftr-tunnel-endpoint-address"))
-        self.logger.info(
-            self.vapi.cli("show dslite b4-tunnel-endpoint-address"))
+        self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show dslite aftr-tunnel-endpoint-address"))
+        self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show dslite b4-tunnel-endpoint-address"))
diff --git a/test/test_dvr.py b/test/test_dvr.py
index c0424a3047f..cd2e09a9d46 100644
--- a/test/test_dvr.py
+++ b/test/test_dvr.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ NUM_PKTS = 67
 
 
 class TestDVR(VppTestCase):
-    """ Distributed Virtual Router """
+    """Distributed Virtual Router"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class TestDVR(VppTestCase):
             self.assertFalse(p.haslayer(Dot1Q))
 
     def test_dvr(self):
-        """ Distributed Virtual Router """
+        """Distributed Virtual Router"""
 
         #
         # A packet destined to an IP address that is L2 bridged via
@@ -72,18 +72,18 @@ class TestDVR(VppTestCase):
         ip_tag_bridged = "10.10.10.11"
         any_src_addr = "1.1.1.1"
 
-        pkt_no_tag = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                            dst=self.loop0.local_mac) /
-                      IP(src=any_src_addr,
-                         dst=ip_non_tag_bridged) /
-                      UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                      Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-        pkt_tag = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                         dst=self.loop0.local_mac) /
-                   IP(src=any_src_addr,
-                      dst=ip_tag_bridged) /
-                   UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                   Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        pkt_no_tag = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.loop0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=any_src_addr, dst=ip_non_tag_bridged)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
+        pkt_tag = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.loop0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=any_src_addr, dst=ip_tag_bridged)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         #
         # Two sub-interfaces so we can test VLAN tag push/pop
@@ -97,32 +97,45 @@ class TestDVR(VppTestCase):
         # Put all the interfaces into a new bridge domain
         #
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, bd_id=1)
+            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, bd_id=1
+        )
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, bd_id=1)
+            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, bd_id=1
+        )
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=sub_if_on_pg2.sw_if_index, bd_id=1)
+            rx_sw_if_index=sub_if_on_pg2.sw_if_index, bd_id=1
+        )
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=sub_if_on_pg3.sw_if_index, bd_id=1)
+            rx_sw_if_index=sub_if_on_pg3.sw_if_index, bd_id=1
+        )
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=self.loop0.sw_if_index, bd_id=1,
-            port_type=L2_PORT_TYPE.BVI)
+            rx_sw_if_index=self.loop0.sw_if_index, bd_id=1, port_type=L2_PORT_TYPE.BVI
+        )
 
         self.vapi.l2_interface_vlan_tag_rewrite(
-            sw_if_index=sub_if_on_pg2.sw_if_index, vtr_op=L2_VTR_OP.L2_POP_1,
-            push_dot1q=92)
+            sw_if_index=sub_if_on_pg2.sw_if_index,
+            vtr_op=L2_VTR_OP.L2_POP_1,
+            push_dot1q=92,
+        )
         self.vapi.l2_interface_vlan_tag_rewrite(
-            sw_if_index=sub_if_on_pg3.sw_if_index, vtr_op=L2_VTR_OP.L2_POP_1,
-            push_dot1q=93)
+            sw_if_index=sub_if_on_pg3.sw_if_index,
+            vtr_op=L2_VTR_OP.L2_POP_1,
+            push_dot1q=93,
+        )
 
         #
         # Add routes to bridge the traffic via a tagged an nontagged interface
         #
         route_no_tag = VppIpRoute(
-            self, ip_non_tag_bridged, 32,
-            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                          self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                          type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_DVR)])
+            self,
+            ip_non_tag_bridged,
+            32,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "0.0.0.0", self.pg1.sw_if_index, type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_DVR
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route_no_tag.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -137,10 +150,17 @@ class TestDVR(VppTestCase):
         # Add routes to bridge the traffic via a tagged interface
         #
         route_with_tag = VppIpRoute(
-            self, ip_tag_bridged, 32,
-            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                          sub_if_on_pg3.sw_if_index,
-                          type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_DVR)])
+            self,
+            ip_tag_bridged,
+            32,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "0.0.0.0",
+                    sub_if_on_pg3.sw_if_index,
+                    type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_DVR,
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route_with_tag.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -154,58 +174,58 @@ class TestDVR(VppTestCase):
         #
         # Tag to tag
         #
-        pkt_tag_to_tag = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                                dst=self.loop0.local_mac) /
-                          Dot1Q(vlan=92) /
-                          IP(src=any_src_addr,
-                             dst=ip_tag_bridged) /
-                          UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                          Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        pkt_tag_to_tag = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.loop0.local_mac)
+            / Dot1Q(vlan=92)
+            / IP(src=any_src_addr, dst=ip_tag_bridged)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
-        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2,
-                                  pkt_tag_to_tag * NUM_PKTS,
-                                  self.pg3)
+        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, pkt_tag_to_tag * NUM_PKTS, self.pg3)
         self.assert_same_mac_addr(pkt_tag_to_tag, rx)
         self.assert_has_vlan_tag(93, rx)
 
         #
         # Tag to non-Tag
         #
-        pkt_tag_to_non_tag = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                                    dst=self.loop0.local_mac) /
-                              Dot1Q(vlan=92) /
-                              IP(src=any_src_addr,
-                                 dst=ip_non_tag_bridged) /
-                              UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        pkt_tag_to_non_tag = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.loop0.local_mac)
+            / Dot1Q(vlan=92)
+            / IP(src=any_src_addr, dst=ip_non_tag_bridged)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
-        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2,
-                                  pkt_tag_to_non_tag * NUM_PKTS,
-                                  self.pg1)
+        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, pkt_tag_to_non_tag * NUM_PKTS, self.pg1)
         self.assert_same_mac_addr(pkt_tag_to_tag, rx)
         self.assert_has_no_tag(rx)
 
         #
         # Add an output L3 ACL that will block the traffic
         #
-        rule_1 = AclRule(is_permit=0, proto=17, ports=1234,
-                         src_prefix=IPv4Network((any_src_addr, 32)),
-                         dst_prefix=IPv4Network((ip_non_tag_bridged, 32)))
+        rule_1 = AclRule(
+            is_permit=0,
+            proto=17,
+            ports=1234,
+            src_prefix=IPv4Network((any_src_addr, 32)),
+            dst_prefix=IPv4Network((ip_non_tag_bridged, 32)),
+        )
         acl = VppAcl(self, rules=[rule_1])
         acl.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # Apply the ACL on the output interface
         #
-        acl_if1 = VppAclInterface(self, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                  n_input=0, acls=[acl])
+        acl_if1 = VppAclInterface(
+            self, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, n_input=0, acls=[acl]
+        )
         acl_if1.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # Send packet's that should match the ACL and be dropped
         #
-        rx = self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg2,
-                                             pkt_tag_to_non_tag * NUM_PKTS)
+        rx = self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg2, pkt_tag_to_non_tag * NUM_PKTS)
 
         #
         # cleanup
@@ -214,16 +234,23 @@ class TestDVR(VppTestCase):
         acl.remove_vpp_config()
 
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, bd_id=1, enable=0)
+            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, bd_id=1, enable=0
+        )
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, bd_id=1, enable=0)
+            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, bd_id=1, enable=0
+        )
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=sub_if_on_pg2.sw_if_index, bd_id=1, enable=0)
+            rx_sw_if_index=sub_if_on_pg2.sw_if_index, bd_id=1, enable=0
+        )
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=sub_if_on_pg3.sw_if_index, bd_id=1, enable=0)
+            rx_sw_if_index=sub_if_on_pg3.sw_if_index, bd_id=1, enable=0
+        )
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=self.loop0.sw_if_index, bd_id=1,
-            port_type=L2_PORT_TYPE.BVI, enable=0)
+            rx_sw_if_index=self.loop0.sw_if_index,
+            bd_id=1,
+            port_type=L2_PORT_TYPE.BVI,
+            enable=0,
+        )
 
         #
         # Do a FIB dump to make sure the paths are correctly reported as DVR
@@ -231,16 +258,14 @@ class TestDVR(VppTestCase):
         routes = self.vapi.ip_route_dump(0)
 
         for r in routes:
-            if (ip_tag_bridged == str(r.route.prefix.network_address)):
-                self.assertEqual(r.route.paths[0].sw_if_index,
-                                 sub_if_on_pg3.sw_if_index)
-                self.assertEqual(r.route.paths[0].type,
-                                 FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_DVR)
-            if (ip_non_tag_bridged == str(r.route.prefix.network_address)):
-                self.assertEqual(r.route.paths[0].sw_if_index,
-                                 self.pg1.sw_if_index)
-                self.assertEqual(r.route.paths[0].type,
-                                 FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_DVR)
+            if ip_tag_bridged == str(r.route.prefix.network_address):
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    r.route.paths[0].sw_if_index, sub_if_on_pg3.sw_if_index
+                )
+                self.assertEqual(r.route.paths[0].type, FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_DVR)
+            if ip_non_tag_bridged == str(r.route.prefix.network_address):
+                self.assertEqual(r.route.paths[0].sw_if_index, self.pg1.sw_if_index)
+                self.assertEqual(r.route.paths[0].type, FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_DVR)
 
         #
         # the explicit route delete is require so it happens before
@@ -253,5 +278,5 @@ class TestDVR(VppTestCase):
         sub_if_on_pg2.remove_vpp_config()
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_endian.py b/test/test_endian.py
index 462ee2b6b57..bb54a03fd13 100644
--- a/test/test_endian.py
+++ b/test/test_endian.py
@@ -24,15 +24,20 @@ class TestEndian(framework.VppTestCase):
     def test_f64_endian_value(self):
         try:
             rv = self.vapi.get_f64_endian_value(f64_one=F64_ONE)
-            self.assertEqual(rv.f64_one_result, F64_ONE,
-                             "client incorrectly deserializes f64 values.  "
-                             "Expected: %r. Received: %r." % (
-                                 F64_ONE, rv.f64_one_result))
+            self.assertEqual(
+                rv.f64_one_result,
+                F64_ONE,
+                "client incorrectly deserializes f64 values.  "
+                "Expected: %r. Received: %r." % (F64_ONE, rv.f64_one_result),
+            )
         except vpp_papi_provider.UnexpectedApiReturnValueError:
-            self.fail('client incorrectly serializes f64 values.')
+            self.fail("client incorrectly serializes f64 values.")
 
     def test_get_f64_increment_by_one(self):
         expected = 43.0
         rv = self.vapi.get_f64_increment_by_one(f64_value=42.0)
-        self.assertEqual(rv.f64_value, expected, 'Expected %r, received:%r.'
-                         % (expected, rv.f64_value))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            rv.f64_value,
+            expected,
+            "Expected %r, received:%r." % (expected, rv.f64_value),
+        )
diff --git a/test/test_fib.py b/test/test_fib.py
index 7c08722d803..136918e1232 100644
--- a/test/test_fib.py
+++ b/test/test_fib.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from framework import VppTestCase, VppTestRunner
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 class TestFIB(VppTestCase):
-    """ FIB Test Case """
+    """FIB Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class TestFIB(VppTestCase):
         super(TestFIB, cls).tearDownClass()
 
     def test_fib(self):
-        """ FIB Unit Tests """
+        """FIB Unit Tests"""
         error = self.vapi.cli("test fib")
 
         # shameless test of CLIs to bump lcov results...
@@ -44,5 +44,6 @@ class TestFIB(VppTestCase):
             self.logger.critical(error)
         self.assertNotIn("Failed", error)
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_flowprobe.py b/test/test_flowprobe.py
index 5bafd39eceb..6b271790f76 100644
--- a/test/test_flowprobe.py
+++ b/test/test_flowprobe.py
@@ -29,17 +29,26 @@ from vpp_papi import VppEnum
 class VppCFLOW(VppObject):
     """CFLOW object for IPFIX exporter and Flowprobe feature"""
 
-    def __init__(self, test, intf='pg2', active=0, passive=0, timeout=100,
-                 mtu=1024, datapath='l2', layer='l2 l3 l4'):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        test,
+        intf="pg2",
+        active=0,
+        passive=0,
+        timeout=100,
+        mtu=1024,
+        datapath="l2",
+        layer="l2 l3 l4",
+    ):
         self._test = test
         self._intf = intf
         self._active = active
         if passive == 0 or passive < active:
-            self._passive = active+1
+            self._passive = active + 1
         else:
             self._passive = passive
-        self._datapath = datapath           # l2 ip4 ip6
-        self._collect = layer               # l2 l3 l4
+        self._datapath = datapath  # l2 ip4 ip6
+        self._collect = layer  # l2 l3 l4
         self._timeout = timeout
         self._mtu = mtu
         self._configured = False
@@ -49,18 +58,17 @@ class VppCFLOW(VppObject):
         l2_flag = 0
         l3_flag = 0
         l4_flag = 0
-        if 'l2' in self._collect.lower():
-            l2_flag = (VppEnum.vl_api_flowprobe_record_flags_t.
-                       FLOWPROBE_RECORD_FLAG_L2)
-        if 'l3' in self._collect.lower():
-            l3_flag = (VppEnum.vl_api_flowprobe_record_flags_t.
-                       FLOWPROBE_RECORD_FLAG_L3)
-        if 'l4' in self._collect.lower():
-            l4_flag = (VppEnum.vl_api_flowprobe_record_flags_t.
-                       FLOWPROBE_RECORD_FLAG_L4)
+        if "l2" in self._collect.lower():
+            l2_flag = VppEnum.vl_api_flowprobe_record_flags_t.FLOWPROBE_RECORD_FLAG_L2
+        if "l3" in self._collect.lower():
+            l3_flag = VppEnum.vl_api_flowprobe_record_flags_t.FLOWPROBE_RECORD_FLAG_L3
+        if "l4" in self._collect.lower():
+            l4_flag = VppEnum.vl_api_flowprobe_record_flags_t.FLOWPROBE_RECORD_FLAG_L4
         self._test.vapi.flowprobe_params(
             record_flags=(l2_flag | l3_flag | l4_flag),
-            active_timer=self._active, passive_timer=self._passive)
+            active_timer=self._active,
+            passive_timer=self._passive,
+        )
         self.enable_flowprobe_feature()
         self._test.vapi.cli("ipfix flush")
         self._configured = True
@@ -76,18 +84,21 @@ class VppCFLOW(VppObject):
             collector_address=self._test.pg0.remote_ip4,
             src_address=self._test.pg0.local_ip4,
             path_mtu=self._mtu,
-            template_interval=self._timeout)
+            template_interval=self._timeout,
+        )
 
     def enable_flowprobe_feature(self):
-        self._test.vapi.ppcli("flowprobe feature add-del %s %s" %
-                              (self._intf, self._datapath))
+        self._test.vapi.ppcli(
+            "flowprobe feature add-del %s %s" % (self._intf, self._datapath)
+        )
 
     def disable_exporter(self):
         self._test.vapi.cli("set ipfix exporter collector 0.0.0.0")
 
     def disable_flowprobe_feature(self):
-        self._test.vapi.cli("flowprobe feature add-del %s %s disable" %
-                            (self._intf, self._datapath))
+        self._test.vapi.cli(
+            "flowprobe feature add-del %s %s disable" % (self._intf, self._datapath)
+        )
 
     def object_id(self):
         return "ipfix-collector-%s-%s" % (self._src, self.dst)
@@ -99,8 +110,7 @@ class VppCFLOW(VppObject):
         templates = []
         self._test.assertIn(count, (1, 2, 3))
         for _ in range(count):
-            p = self._test.wait_for_cflow_packet(self._test.collector, 2,
-                                                 timeout)
+            p = self._test.wait_for_cflow_packet(self._test.collector, 2, timeout)
             self._test.assertTrue(p.haslayer(IPFIX))
             if decoder is not None and p.haslayer(Template):
                 templates.append(p[Template].templateID)
@@ -109,7 +119,7 @@ class VppCFLOW(VppObject):
 
 
 class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
-    """ Flow-per-packet plugin: test L2, IP4, IP6 reporting """
+    """Flow-per-packet plugin: test L2, IP4, IP6 reporting"""
 
     # Test variables
     debug_print = False
@@ -135,9 +145,11 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
             # and put interfaces to this BD
             cls.vapi.bridge_domain_add_del(bd_id=1, uu_flood=1, learn=1)
             cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-                rx_sw_if_index=cls.pg1._sw_if_index, bd_id=1)
+                rx_sw_if_index=cls.pg1._sw_if_index, bd_id=1
+            )
             cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-                rx_sw_if_index=cls.pg2._sw_if_index, bd_id=1)
+                rx_sw_if_index=cls.pg2._sw_if_index, bd_id=1
+            )
 
             # Set up all interfaces
             for i in cls.pg_interfaces:
@@ -173,8 +185,9 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
     def tearDownClass(cls):
         super(MethodHolder, cls).tearDownClass()
 
-    def create_stream(self, src_if=None, dst_if=None, packets=None,
-                      size=None, ip_ver='v4'):
+    def create_stream(
+        self, src_if=None, dst_if=None, packets=None, size=None, ip_ver="v4"
+    ):
         """Create a packet stream to tickle the plugin
 
         :param VppInterface src_if: Source interface for packet stream
@@ -194,7 +207,7 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
             info = self.create_packet_info(src_if, dst_if)
             payload = self.info_to_payload(info)
             p = Ether(src=src_if.remote_mac, dst=src_if.local_mac)
-            if ip_ver == 'v4':
+            if ip_ver == "v4":
                 p /= IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_if.remote_ip4)
             else:
                 p /= IPv6(src=src_if.remote_ip6, dst=dst_if.remote_ip6)
@@ -226,16 +239,16 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
         self.pg_start()
         return dst_if.get_capture(len(self.pkts))
 
-    def verify_cflow_data_detail(self, decoder, capture, cflow,
-                                 data_set={1: 'octets', 2: 'packets'},
-                                 ip_ver='v4'):
+    def verify_cflow_data_detail(
+        self, decoder, capture, cflow, data_set={1: "octets", 2: "packets"}, ip_ver="v4"
+    ):
         if self.debug_print:
             print(capture[0].show())
         if cflow.haslayer(Data):
             data = decoder.decode_data_set(cflow.getlayer(Set))
             if self.debug_print:
                 print(data)
-            if ip_ver == 'v4':
+            if ip_ver == "v4":
                 ip_layer = capture[0][IP]
             else:
                 ip_layer = capture[0][IPv6]
@@ -251,35 +264,31 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
                         if field not in record.keys():
                             continue
                         value = data_set[field]
-                        if value == 'octets':
+                        if value == "octets":
                             value = ip_layer.len
-                            if ip_ver == 'v6':
-                                value += 40        # ??? is this correct
-                        elif value == 'packets':
+                            if ip_ver == "v6":
+                                value += 40  # ??? is this correct
+                        elif value == "packets":
                             value = 1
-                        elif value == 'src_ip':
-                            if ip_ver == 'v4':
-                                ip = socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET,
-                                                      ip_layer.src)
+                        elif value == "src_ip":
+                            if ip_ver == "v4":
+                                ip = socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET, ip_layer.src)
                             else:
-                                ip = socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET6,
-                                                      ip_layer.src)
+                                ip = socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET6, ip_layer.src)
                             value = int(binascii.hexlify(ip), 16)
-                        elif value == 'dst_ip':
-                            if ip_ver == 'v4':
-                                ip = socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET,
-                                                      ip_layer.dst)
+                        elif value == "dst_ip":
+                            if ip_ver == "v4":
+                                ip = socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET, ip_layer.dst)
                             else:
-                                ip = socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET6,
-                                                      ip_layer.dst)
+                                ip = socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET6, ip_layer.dst)
                             value = int(binascii.hexlify(ip), 16)
-                        elif value == 'sport':
+                        elif value == "sport":
                             value = int(capture[0][UDP].sport)
-                        elif value == 'dport':
+                        elif value == "dport":
                             value = int(capture[0][UDP].dport)
-                        self.assertEqual(int(binascii.hexlify(
-                            record[field]), 16),
-                            value)
+                        self.assertEqual(
+                            int(binascii.hexlify(record[field]), 16), value
+                        )
 
     def verify_cflow_data_notimer(self, decoder, capture, cflows):
         idx = 0
@@ -292,14 +301,12 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
             for rec in data:
                 p = capture[idx]
                 idx += 1
-                self.assertEqual(p[IP].len, int(
-                    binascii.hexlify(rec[1]), 16))
-                self.assertEqual(1, int(
-                    binascii.hexlify(rec[2]), 16))
+                self.assertEqual(p[IP].len, int(binascii.hexlify(rec[1]), 16))
+                self.assertEqual(1, int(binascii.hexlify(rec[2]), 16))
         self.assertEqual(len(capture), idx)
 
     def wait_for_cflow_packet(self, collector_intf, set_id=2, timeout=1):
-        """ wait for CFLOW packet and verify its correctness
+        """wait for CFLOW packet and verify its correctness
 
         :param timeout: how long to wait
 
@@ -327,7 +334,7 @@ class Flowprobe(MethodHolder):
         super(Flowprobe, cls).tearDownClass()
 
     def test_0001(self):
-        """ timer less than template timeout"""
+        """timer less than template timeout"""
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_START_0001")
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pkts = []
@@ -351,7 +358,7 @@ class Flowprobe(MethodHolder):
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_FINISH_0001")
 
     def test_0002(self):
-        """ timer greater than template timeout"""
+        """timer greater than template timeout"""
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_START_0002")
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pkts = []
@@ -384,26 +391,33 @@ class Flowprobe(MethodHolder):
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pkts = []
 
-        ipfix = VppCFLOW(test=self, intf='pg8', datapath="ip4",
-                         layer='l2 l3 l4', active=2)
+        ipfix = VppCFLOW(
+            test=self, intf="pg8", datapath="ip4", layer="l2 l3 l4", active=2
+        )
         ipfix.add_vpp_config()
 
-        route_9001 = VppIpRoute(self, "9.0.0.0", 24,
-                                [VppRoutePath(self.pg8._remote_hosts[0].ip4,
-                                              self.pg8.sw_if_index)])
+        route_9001 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "9.0.0.0",
+            24,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg8._remote_hosts[0].ip4, self.pg8.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         route_9001.add_vpp_config()
 
         ipfix_decoder = IPFIXDecoder()
         templates = ipfix.verify_templates(ipfix_decoder, count=1)
 
-        self.pkts = [(Ether(dst=self.pg7.local_mac,
-                            src=self.pg7.remote_mac) /
-                      IP(src=self.pg7.remote_ip4, dst="9.0.0.100") /
-                      TCP(sport=1234, dport=4321, flags=80) /
-                      Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))]
+        self.pkts = [
+            (
+                Ether(dst=self.pg7.local_mac, src=self.pg7.remote_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg7.remote_ip4, dst="9.0.0.100")
+                / TCP(sport=1234, dport=4321, flags=80)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
+        ]
 
         nowUTC = int(time.time())
-        nowUNIX = nowUTC+2208988800
+        nowUNIX = nowUTC + 2208988800
         self.send_packets(src_if=self.pg7, dst_if=self.pg8)
 
         cflow = self.wait_for_cflow_packet(self.collector, templates[0], 10)
@@ -435,11 +449,9 @@ class Flowprobe(MethodHolder):
             # ethernet type
             self.assertEqual(int(binascii.hexlify(record[256]), 16), 8)
             # src ip
-            self.assertEqual(inet_ntop(socket.AF_INET, record[8]),
-                             self.pg7.remote_ip4)
+            self.assertEqual(inet_ntop(socket.AF_INET, record[8]), self.pg7.remote_ip4)
             # dst ip
-            self.assertEqual(inet_ntop(socket.AF_INET, record[12]),
-                             "9.0.0.100")
+            self.assertEqual(inet_ntop(socket.AF_INET, record[12]), "9.0.0.100")
             # protocol (TCP)
             self.assertEqual(int(binascii.hexlify(record[4]), 16), 6)
             # src port
@@ -466,11 +478,11 @@ class Datapath(MethodHolder):
         super(Datapath, cls).tearDownClass()
 
     def test_templatesL2(self):
-        """ verify template on L2 datapath"""
+        """verify template on L2 datapath"""
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_START_0000")
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
 
-        ipfix = VppCFLOW(test=self, layer='l2')
+        ipfix = VppCFLOW(test=self, layer="l2")
         ipfix.add_vpp_config()
 
         # template packet should arrive immediately
@@ -482,12 +494,12 @@ class Datapath(MethodHolder):
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_FINISH_0000")
 
     def test_L2onL2(self):
-        """ L2 data on L2 datapath"""
+        """L2 data on L2 datapath"""
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_START_0001")
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pkts = []
 
-        ipfix = VppCFLOW(test=self, layer='l2')
+        ipfix = VppCFLOW(test=self, layer="l2")
         ipfix.add_vpp_config()
 
         ipfix_decoder = IPFIXDecoder()
@@ -500,20 +512,21 @@ class Datapath(MethodHolder):
         # make sure the one packet we expect actually showed up
         self.vapi.ipfix_flush()
         cflow = self.wait_for_cflow_packet(self.collector, templates[0])
-        self.verify_cflow_data_detail(ipfix_decoder, capture, cflow,
-                                      {2: 'packets', 256: 8})
+        self.verify_cflow_data_detail(
+            ipfix_decoder, capture, cflow, {2: "packets", 256: 8}
+        )
         self.collector.get_capture(2)
 
         ipfix.remove_vpp_config()
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_FINISH_0001")
 
     def test_L3onL2(self):
-        """ L3 data on L2 datapath"""
+        """L3 data on L2 datapath"""
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_START_0002")
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pkts = []
 
-        ipfix = VppCFLOW(test=self, layer='l3')
+        ipfix = VppCFLOW(test=self, layer="l3")
         ipfix.add_vpp_config()
 
         ipfix_decoder = IPFIXDecoder()
@@ -526,9 +539,12 @@ class Datapath(MethodHolder):
         # make sure the one packet we expect actually showed up
         self.vapi.ipfix_flush()
         cflow = self.wait_for_cflow_packet(self.collector, templates[0])
-        self.verify_cflow_data_detail(ipfix_decoder, capture, cflow,
-                                      {2: 'packets', 4: 17,
-                                       8: 'src_ip', 12: 'dst_ip'})
+        self.verify_cflow_data_detail(
+            ipfix_decoder,
+            capture,
+            cflow,
+            {2: "packets", 4: 17, 8: "src_ip", 12: "dst_ip"},
+        )
 
         self.collector.get_capture(3)
 
@@ -536,12 +552,12 @@ class Datapath(MethodHolder):
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_FINISH_0002")
 
     def test_L4onL2(self):
-        """ L4 data on L2 datapath"""
+        """L4 data on L2 datapath"""
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_START_0003")
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pkts = []
 
-        ipfix = VppCFLOW(test=self, layer='l4')
+        ipfix = VppCFLOW(test=self, layer="l4")
         ipfix.add_vpp_config()
 
         ipfix_decoder = IPFIXDecoder()
@@ -554,8 +570,9 @@ class Datapath(MethodHolder):
         # make sure the one packet we expect actually showed up
         self.vapi.ipfix_flush()
         cflow = self.wait_for_cflow_packet(self.collector, templates[0])
-        self.verify_cflow_data_detail(ipfix_decoder, capture, cflow,
-                                      {2: 'packets', 7: 'sport', 11: 'dport'})
+        self.verify_cflow_data_detail(
+            ipfix_decoder, capture, cflow, {2: "packets", 7: "sport", 11: "dport"}
+        )
 
         self.collector.get_capture(3)
 
@@ -563,12 +580,12 @@ class Datapath(MethodHolder):
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_FINISH_0003")
 
     def test_templatesIp4(self):
-        """ verify templates on IP4 datapath"""
+        """verify templates on IP4 datapath"""
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_START_0000")
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
 
-        ipfix = VppCFLOW(test=self, datapath='ip4')
+        ipfix = VppCFLOW(test=self, datapath="ip4")
         ipfix.add_vpp_config()
 
         # template packet should arrive immediately
@@ -581,12 +598,12 @@ class Datapath(MethodHolder):
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_FINISH_0000")
 
     def test_L2onIP4(self):
-        """ L2 data on IP4 datapath"""
+        """L2 data on IP4 datapath"""
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_START_0001")
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pkts = []
 
-        ipfix = VppCFLOW(test=self, intf='pg4', layer='l2', datapath='ip4')
+        ipfix = VppCFLOW(test=self, intf="pg4", layer="l2", datapath="ip4")
         ipfix.add_vpp_config()
 
         ipfix_decoder = IPFIXDecoder()
@@ -599,8 +616,9 @@ class Datapath(MethodHolder):
         # make sure the one packet we expect actually showed up
         self.vapi.ipfix_flush()
         cflow = self.wait_for_cflow_packet(self.collector, templates[0])
-        self.verify_cflow_data_detail(ipfix_decoder, capture, cflow,
-                                      {2: 'packets', 256: 8})
+        self.verify_cflow_data_detail(
+            ipfix_decoder, capture, cflow, {2: "packets", 256: 8}
+        )
 
         # expected two templates and one cflow packet
         self.collector.get_capture(2)
@@ -609,12 +627,12 @@ class Datapath(MethodHolder):
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_FINISH_0001")
 
     def test_L3onIP4(self):
-        """ L3 data on IP4 datapath"""
+        """L3 data on IP4 datapath"""
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_START_0002")
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pkts = []
 
-        ipfix = VppCFLOW(test=self, intf='pg4', layer='l3', datapath='ip4')
+        ipfix = VppCFLOW(test=self, intf="pg4", layer="l3", datapath="ip4")
         ipfix.add_vpp_config()
 
         ipfix_decoder = IPFIXDecoder()
@@ -627,9 +645,12 @@ class Datapath(MethodHolder):
         # make sure the one packet we expect actually showed up
         self.vapi.ipfix_flush()
         cflow = self.wait_for_cflow_packet(self.collector, templates[0])
-        self.verify_cflow_data_detail(ipfix_decoder, capture, cflow,
-                                      {1: 'octets', 2: 'packets',
-                                       8: 'src_ip', 12: 'dst_ip'})
+        self.verify_cflow_data_detail(
+            ipfix_decoder,
+            capture,
+            cflow,
+            {1: "octets", 2: "packets", 8: "src_ip", 12: "dst_ip"},
+        )
 
         # expected two templates and one cflow packet
         self.collector.get_capture(2)
@@ -638,12 +659,12 @@ class Datapath(MethodHolder):
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_FINISH_0002")
 
     def test_L4onIP4(self):
-        """ L4 data on IP4 datapath"""
+        """L4 data on IP4 datapath"""
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_START_0003")
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pkts = []
 
-        ipfix = VppCFLOW(test=self, intf='pg4', layer='l4', datapath='ip4')
+        ipfix = VppCFLOW(test=self, intf="pg4", layer="l4", datapath="ip4")
         ipfix.add_vpp_config()
 
         ipfix_decoder = IPFIXDecoder()
@@ -656,8 +677,9 @@ class Datapath(MethodHolder):
         # make sure the one packet we expect actually showed up
         self.vapi.ipfix_flush()
         cflow = self.wait_for_cflow_packet(self.collector, templates[0])
-        self.verify_cflow_data_detail(ipfix_decoder, capture, cflow,
-                                      {2: 'packets', 7: 'sport', 11: 'dport'})
+        self.verify_cflow_data_detail(
+            ipfix_decoder, capture, cflow, {2: "packets", 7: "sport", 11: "dport"}
+        )
 
         # expected two templates and one cflow packet
         self.collector.get_capture(2)
@@ -666,11 +688,11 @@ class Datapath(MethodHolder):
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_FINISH_0003")
 
     def test_templatesIP6(self):
-        """ verify templates on IP6 datapath"""
+        """verify templates on IP6 datapath"""
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_START_0000")
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
 
-        ipfix = VppCFLOW(test=self, datapath='ip6')
+        ipfix = VppCFLOW(test=self, datapath="ip6")
         ipfix.add_vpp_config()
 
         # template packet should arrive immediately
@@ -682,28 +704,27 @@ class Datapath(MethodHolder):
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_FINISH_0000")
 
     def test_L2onIP6(self):
-        """ L2 data on IP6 datapath"""
+        """L2 data on IP6 datapath"""
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_START_0001")
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pkts = []
 
-        ipfix = VppCFLOW(test=self, intf='pg6', layer='l2', datapath='ip6')
+        ipfix = VppCFLOW(test=self, intf="pg6", layer="l2", datapath="ip6")
         ipfix.add_vpp_config()
 
         ipfix_decoder = IPFIXDecoder()
         # template packet should arrive immediately
         templates = ipfix.verify_templates(ipfix_decoder, count=1)
 
-        self.create_stream(src_if=self.pg5, dst_if=self.pg6, packets=1,
-                           ip_ver='IPv6')
+        self.create_stream(src_if=self.pg5, dst_if=self.pg6, packets=1, ip_ver="IPv6")
         capture = self.send_packets(src_if=self.pg5, dst_if=self.pg6)
 
         # make sure the one packet we expect actually showed up
         self.vapi.ipfix_flush()
         cflow = self.wait_for_cflow_packet(self.collector, templates[0])
-        self.verify_cflow_data_detail(ipfix_decoder, capture, cflow,
-                                      {2: 'packets', 256: 56710},
-                                      ip_ver='v6')
+        self.verify_cflow_data_detail(
+            ipfix_decoder, capture, cflow, {2: "packets", 256: 56710}, ip_ver="v6"
+        )
 
         # expected two templates and one cflow packet
         self.collector.get_capture(2)
@@ -712,29 +733,31 @@ class Datapath(MethodHolder):
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_FINISH_0001")
 
     def test_L3onIP6(self):
-        """ L3 data on IP6 datapath"""
+        """L3 data on IP6 datapath"""
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_START_0002")
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pkts = []
 
-        ipfix = VppCFLOW(test=self, intf='pg6', layer='l3', datapath='ip6')
+        ipfix = VppCFLOW(test=self, intf="pg6", layer="l3", datapath="ip6")
         ipfix.add_vpp_config()
 
         ipfix_decoder = IPFIXDecoder()
         # template packet should arrive immediately
         templates = ipfix.verify_templates(ipfix_decoder, count=1)
 
-        self.create_stream(src_if=self.pg5, dst_if=self.pg6, packets=1,
-                           ip_ver='IPv6')
+        self.create_stream(src_if=self.pg5, dst_if=self.pg6, packets=1, ip_ver="IPv6")
         capture = self.send_packets(src_if=self.pg5, dst_if=self.pg6)
 
         # make sure the one packet we expect actually showed up
         self.vapi.ipfix_flush()
         cflow = self.wait_for_cflow_packet(self.collector, templates[0])
-        self.verify_cflow_data_detail(ipfix_decoder, capture, cflow,
-                                      {2: 'packets',
-                                       27: 'src_ip', 28: 'dst_ip'},
-                                      ip_ver='v6')
+        self.verify_cflow_data_detail(
+            ipfix_decoder,
+            capture,
+            cflow,
+            {2: "packets", 27: "src_ip", 28: "dst_ip"},
+            ip_ver="v6",
+        )
 
         # expected two templates and one cflow packet
         self.collector.get_capture(2)
@@ -743,28 +766,31 @@ class Datapath(MethodHolder):
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_FINISH_0002")
 
     def test_L4onIP6(self):
-        """ L4 data on IP6 datapath"""
+        """L4 data on IP6 datapath"""
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_START_0003")
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pkts = []
 
-        ipfix = VppCFLOW(test=self, intf='pg6', layer='l4', datapath='ip6')
+        ipfix = VppCFLOW(test=self, intf="pg6", layer="l4", datapath="ip6")
         ipfix.add_vpp_config()
 
         ipfix_decoder = IPFIXDecoder()
         # template packet should arrive immediately
         templates = ipfix.verify_templates(ipfix_decoder, count=1)
 
-        self.create_stream(src_if=self.pg5, dst_if=self.pg6, packets=1,
-                           ip_ver='IPv6')
+        self.create_stream(src_if=self.pg5, dst_if=self.pg6, packets=1, ip_ver="IPv6")
         capture = self.send_packets(src_if=self.pg5, dst_if=self.pg6)
 
         # make sure the one packet we expect actually showed up
         self.vapi.ipfix_flush()
         cflow = self.wait_for_cflow_packet(self.collector, templates[0])
-        self.verify_cflow_data_detail(ipfix_decoder, capture, cflow,
-                                      {2: 'packets', 7: 'sport', 11: 'dport'},
-                                      ip_ver='v6')
+        self.verify_cflow_data_detail(
+            ipfix_decoder,
+            capture,
+            cflow,
+            {2: "packets", 7: "sport", 11: "dport"},
+            ip_ver="v6",
+        )
 
         # expected two templates and one cflow packet
         self.collector.get_capture(2)
@@ -773,7 +799,7 @@ class Datapath(MethodHolder):
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_FINISH_0003")
 
     def test_0001(self):
-        """ no timers, one CFLOW packet, 9 Flows inside"""
+        """no timers, one CFLOW packet, 9 Flows inside"""
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_START_0001")
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pkts = []
@@ -798,7 +824,7 @@ class Datapath(MethodHolder):
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_FINISH_0001")
 
     def test_0002(self):
-        """ no timers, two CFLOW packets (mtu=256), 3 Flows in each"""
+        """no timers, two CFLOW packets (mtu=256), 3 Flows in each"""
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_START_0002")
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pkts = []
@@ -817,10 +843,8 @@ class Datapath(MethodHolder):
         # make sure the one packet we expect actually showed up
         cflows = []
         self.vapi.ipfix_flush()
-        cflows.append(self.wait_for_cflow_packet(self.collector,
-                                                 templates[1]))
-        cflows.append(self.wait_for_cflow_packet(self.collector,
-                                                 templates[1]))
+        cflows.append(self.wait_for_cflow_packet(self.collector, templates[1]))
+        cflows.append(self.wait_for_cflow_packet(self.collector, templates[1]))
         self.verify_cflow_data_notimer(ipfix_decoder, capture, cflows)
         self.collector.get_capture(5)
 
@@ -841,7 +865,7 @@ class DisableIPFIX(MethodHolder):
         super(DisableIPFIX, cls).tearDownClass()
 
     def test_0001(self):
-        """ disable IPFIX after first packets"""
+        """disable IPFIX after first packets"""
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_START_0001")
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pkts = []
@@ -889,8 +913,7 @@ class ReenableIPFIX(MethodHolder):
         super(ReenableIPFIX, cls).tearDownClass()
 
     def test_0011(self):
-        """ disable IPFIX after first packets and re-enable after few packets
-        """
+        """disable IPFIX after first packets and re-enable after few packets"""
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_START_0001")
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pkts = []
@@ -957,7 +980,7 @@ class DisableFP(MethodHolder):
         super(DisableFP, cls).tearDownClass()
 
     def test_0001(self):
-        """ disable flowprobe feature after first packets"""
+        """disable flowprobe feature after first packets"""
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_START_0001")
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pkts = []
@@ -1004,8 +1027,8 @@ class ReenableFP(MethodHolder):
         super(ReenableFP, cls).tearDownClass()
 
     def test_0001(self):
-        """ disable flowprobe feature after first packets and re-enable
-        after few packets """
+        """disable flowprobe feature after first packets and re-enable
+        after few packets"""
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_START_0001")
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pkts = []
@@ -1054,5 +1077,5 @@ class ReenableFP(MethodHolder):
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_FINISH_0001")
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_geneve.py b/test/test_geneve.py
index 9ce1f8ff643..f6886c636d3 100644
--- a/test/test_geneve.py
+++ b/test/test_geneve.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ from vpp_ip import INVALID_INDEX
 
 
 class TestGeneve(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
-    """ GENEVE Test Case """
+    """GENEVE Test Case"""
 
     def __init__(self, *args):
         BridgeDomain.__init__(self)
@@ -28,14 +28,16 @@ class TestGeneve(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
         Encapsulate the original payload frame by adding GENEVE header with its
         UDP, IP and Ethernet fields
         """
-        return (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-                UDP(sport=self.dport, dport=self.dport, chksum=0) /
-                GENEVE(vni=vni) /
-                pkt)
+        return (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=self.dport, dport=self.dport, chksum=0)
+            / GENEVE(vni=vni)
+            / pkt
+        )
 
     def ip_range(self, start, end):
-        """ range of remote ip's """
+        """range of remote ip's"""
         return ip4_range(self.pg0.remote_ip4, start, end)
 
     def encap_mcast(self, pkt, src_ip, src_mac, vni):
@@ -43,11 +45,13 @@ class TestGeneve(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
         Encapsulate the original payload frame by adding GENEVE header with its
         UDP, IP and Ethernet fields
         """
-        return (Ether(src=src_mac, dst=self.mcast_mac) /
-                IP(src=src_ip, dst=self.mcast_ip4) /
-                UDP(sport=self.dport, dport=self.dport, chksum=0) /
-                GENEVE(vni=vni) /
-                pkt)
+        return (
+            Ether(src=src_mac, dst=self.mcast_mac)
+            / IP(src=src_ip, dst=self.mcast_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=self.dport, dport=self.dport, chksum=0)
+            / GENEVE(vni=vni)
+            / pkt
+        )
 
     def decapsulate(self, pkt):
         """
@@ -89,19 +93,20 @@ class TestGeneve(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
         ip_range_start = 10
         ip_range_end = ip_range_start + n_ucast_tunnels
         next_hop_address = cls.pg0.remote_ip4
-        for dest_ip4 in ip4_range(next_hop_address, ip_range_start,
-                                  ip_range_end):
+        for dest_ip4 in ip4_range(next_hop_address, ip_range_start, ip_range_end):
             # add host route so dest_ip4 will not be resolved
-            rip = VppIpRoute(cls, dest_ip4, 32,
-                             [VppRoutePath(next_hop_address,
-                                           INVALID_INDEX)],
-                             register=False)
+            rip = VppIpRoute(
+                cls,
+                dest_ip4,
+                32,
+                [VppRoutePath(next_hop_address, INVALID_INDEX)],
+                register=False,
+            )
             rip.add_vpp_config()
             r = cls.vapi.geneve_add_del_tunnel(
-                local_address=cls.pg0.local_ip4, remote_address=dest_ip4,
-                vni=vni)
-            cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(rx_sw_if_index=r.sw_if_index,
-                                                bd_id=vni)
+                local_address=cls.pg0.local_ip4, remote_address=dest_ip4, vni=vni
+            )
+            cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(rx_sw_if_index=r.sw_if_index, bd_id=vni)
 
     @classmethod
     def add_del_shared_mcast_dst_load(cls, is_add):
@@ -115,9 +120,12 @@ class TestGeneve(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
         for vni in range(vni_start, vni_end):
             r = cls.vapi.geneve_add_del_tunnel(
                 local_address=cls.pg0.local_ip4,
-                remote_address=cls.mcast_ip4, mcast_sw_if_index=1,
-                is_add=is_add, vni=vni)
-            if r.sw_if_index == 0xffffffff:
+                remote_address=cls.mcast_ip4,
+                mcast_sw_if_index=1,
+                is_add=is_add,
+                vni=vni,
+            )
+            if r.sw_if_index == 0xFFFFFFFF:
                 raise ValueError("bad sw_if_index: ~0")
 
     @classmethod
@@ -136,13 +144,15 @@ class TestGeneve(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
         n_distinct_dst_tunnels = 10
         ip_range_start = 10
         ip_range_end = ip_range_start + n_distinct_dst_tunnels
-        for dest_ip4 in ip4_range(cls.mcast_ip4, ip_range_start,
-                                  ip_range_end):
-            vni = int(dest_ip4.split('.')[3])
-            cls.vapi.geneve_add_del_tunnel(local_address=cls.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                           remote_address=dest_ip4,
-                                           mcast_sw_if_index=1, is_add=is_add,
-                                           vni=vni)
+        for dest_ip4 in ip4_range(cls.mcast_ip4, ip_range_start, ip_range_end):
+            vni = int(dest_ip4.split(".")[3])
+            cls.vapi.geneve_add_del_tunnel(
+                local_address=cls.pg0.local_ip4,
+                remote_address=dest_ip4,
+                mcast_sw_if_index=1,
+                is_add=is_add,
+                vni=vni,
+            )
 
     @classmethod
     def add_mcast_tunnels_load(cls):
@@ -176,34 +186,41 @@ class TestGeneve(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
             cls.pg0.resolve_arp()
 
             # Our Multicast address
-            cls.mcast_ip4 = '239.1.1.1'
+            cls.mcast_ip4 = "239.1.1.1"
             cls.mcast_mac = util.mcast_ip_to_mac(cls.mcast_ip4)
 
             # Create GENEVE VTEP on VPP pg0, and put geneve_tunnel0 and pg1
             #  into BD.
-            cls.single_tunnel_vni = 0xabcde
+            cls.single_tunnel_vni = 0xABCDE
             cls.single_tunnel_bd = 1
             r = cls.vapi.geneve_add_del_tunnel(
                 local_address=cls.pg0.local_ip4,
-                remote_address=cls.pg0.remote_ip4, vni=cls.single_tunnel_vni)
-            cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(rx_sw_if_index=r.sw_if_index,
-                                                bd_id=cls.single_tunnel_bd)
+                remote_address=cls.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                vni=cls.single_tunnel_vni,
+            )
             cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-                rx_sw_if_index=cls.pg1.sw_if_index, bd_id=cls.single_tunnel_bd)
+                rx_sw_if_index=r.sw_if_index, bd_id=cls.single_tunnel_bd
+            )
+            cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
+                rx_sw_if_index=cls.pg1.sw_if_index, bd_id=cls.single_tunnel_bd
+            )
 
             # Setup vni 2 to test multicast flooding
             cls.n_ucast_tunnels = 10
             cls.mcast_flood_bd = 2
-            cls.create_geneve_flood_test_bd(cls.mcast_flood_bd,
-                                            cls.n_ucast_tunnels)
+            cls.create_geneve_flood_test_bd(cls.mcast_flood_bd, cls.n_ucast_tunnels)
             r = cls.vapi.geneve_add_del_tunnel(
                 local_address=cls.pg0.local_ip4,
-                remote_address=cls.mcast_ip4, mcast_sw_if_index=1,
-                vni=cls.mcast_flood_bd)
-            cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(rx_sw_if_index=r.sw_if_index,
-                                                bd_id=cls.mcast_flood_bd)
+                remote_address=cls.mcast_ip4,
+                mcast_sw_if_index=1,
+                vni=cls.mcast_flood_bd,
+            )
             cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-                rx_sw_if_index=cls.pg2.sw_if_index, bd_id=cls.mcast_flood_bd)
+                rx_sw_if_index=r.sw_if_index, bd_id=cls.mcast_flood_bd
+            )
+            cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
+                rx_sw_if_index=cls.pg2.sw_if_index, bd_id=cls.mcast_flood_bd
+            )
 
             # Add and delete mcast tunnels to check stability
             cls.add_shared_mcast_dst_load()
@@ -213,10 +230,10 @@ class TestGeneve(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
 
             # Setup vni 3 to test unicast flooding
             cls.ucast_flood_bd = 3
-            cls.create_geneve_flood_test_bd(cls.ucast_flood_bd,
-                                            cls.n_ucast_tunnels)
+            cls.create_geneve_flood_test_bd(cls.ucast_flood_bd, cls.n_ucast_tunnels)
             cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-                rx_sw_if_index=cls.pg3.sw_if_index, bd_id=cls.ucast_flood_bd)
+                rx_sw_if_index=cls.pg3.sw_if_index, bd_id=cls.ucast_flood_bd
+            )
         except Exception:
             super(TestGeneve, cls).tearDownClass()
             raise
@@ -235,7 +252,7 @@ class TestGeneve(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
 
 
 class TestGeneveL3(VppTestCase):
-    """ GENEVE L3 Test Case """
+    """GENEVE L3 Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -265,43 +282,55 @@ class TestGeneveL3(VppTestCase):
 
     def test_l3_packet(self):
         vni = 1234
-        r = self.vapi.add_node_next(node_name="geneve4-input",
-                                    next_name="ethernet-input")
+        r = self.vapi.add_node_next(
+            node_name="geneve4-input", next_name="ethernet-input"
+        )
         r = self.vapi.geneve_add_del_tunnel2(
             is_add=1,
             local_address=self.pg0.local_ip4,
             remote_address=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
             vni=vni,
             l3_mode=1,
-            decap_next_index=r.next_index)
+            decap_next_index=r.next_index,
+        )
 
         self.vapi.sw_interface_add_del_address(
-            sw_if_index=r.sw_if_index, prefix="10.0.0.1/24")
+            sw_if_index=r.sw_if_index, prefix="10.0.0.1/24"
+        )
 
-        pkt = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst="d0:0b:ee:d0:00:00") /
-               IP(src='10.0.0.2', dst='10.0.0.1') /
-               ICMP())
+        pkt = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst="d0:0b:ee:d0:00:00")
+            / IP(src="10.0.0.2", dst="10.0.0.1")
+            / ICMP()
+        )
 
-        encap = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=6081, dport=6081, chksum=0) /
-                 GENEVE(vni=vni))
+        encap = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=6081, dport=6081, chksum=0)
+            / GENEVE(vni=vni)
+        )
 
-        arp = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst="d0:0b:ee:d0:00:00") /
-               ARP(op="is-at", hwsrc=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                   hwdst="d0:0b:ee:d0:00:00", psrc="10.0.0.2",
-                   pdst="10.0.0.1"))
+        arp = Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst="d0:0b:ee:d0:00:00") / ARP(
+            op="is-at",
+            hwsrc=self.pg0.remote_mac,
+            hwdst="d0:0b:ee:d0:00:00",
+            psrc="10.0.0.2",
+            pdst="10.0.0.1",
+        )
 
-        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, encap/pkt*1, self.pg0)
-        rx = self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, encap/arp*1, self.pg0)
-        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, encap/pkt*1, self.pg0)
+        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, encap / pkt * 1, self.pg0)
+        rx = self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, encap / arp * 1, self.pg0)
+        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, encap / pkt * 1, self.pg0)
         self.assertEqual(rx[0][ICMP].type, 0)  # echo reply
 
         r = self.vapi.geneve_add_del_tunnel2(
             is_add=0,
             local_address=self.pg0.local_ip4,
             remote_address=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-            vni=vni)
+            vni=vni,
+        )
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_gre.py b/test/test_gre.py
index ba20ba8dec0..a79819ed73c 100644
--- a/test/test_gre.py
+++ b/test/test_gre.py
@@ -15,8 +15,13 @@ from vpp_sub_interface import L2_VTR_OP, VppDot1QSubint
 from vpp_gre_interface import VppGreInterface
 from vpp_teib import VppTeib
 from vpp_ip import DpoProto
-from vpp_ip_route import VppIpRoute, VppRoutePath, VppIpTable, FibPathProto, \
-    VppMplsLabel
+from vpp_ip_route import (
+    VppIpRoute,
+    VppRoutePath,
+    VppIpTable,
+    FibPathProto,
+    VppMplsLabel,
+)
 from vpp_mpls_tunnel_interface import VppMPLSTunnelInterface
 from util import ppp, ppc
 from vpp_papi import VppEnum
@@ -24,7 +29,7 @@ from vpp_papi import VppEnum
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 class TestGREInputNodes(VppTestCase):
-    """ GRE Input Nodes Test Case """
+    """GRE Input Nodes Test Case"""
 
     def setUp(self):
         super(TestGREInputNodes, self).setUp()
@@ -43,16 +48,17 @@ class TestGREInputNodes(VppTestCase):
         super(TestGREInputNodes, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_gre_input_node(self):
-        """ GRE gre input nodes not registerd unless configured """
-        pkt = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-               IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-               GRE())
+        """GRE gre input nodes not registerd unless configured"""
+        pkt = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+            / GRE()
+        )
 
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkt)
         self.pg_start()
         # no tunnel created, gre-input not registered
-        err = self.statistics.get_counter(
-            '/err/ip4-local/unknown ip protocol')[0]
+        err = self.statistics.get_counter("/err/ip4-local/unknown ip protocol")[0]
         self.assertEqual(err, 1)
         err_count = err
 
@@ -63,14 +69,13 @@ class TestGREInputNodes(VppTestCase):
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkt)
         self.pg_start()
         # tunnel created, gre-input registered
-        err = self.statistics.get_counter(
-            '/err/ip4-local/unknown ip protocol')[0]
+        err = self.statistics.get_counter("/err/ip4-local/unknown ip protocol")[0]
         # expect no new errors
         self.assertEqual(err, err_count)
 
 
 class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
-    """ GRE Test Case """
+    """GRE Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -118,10 +123,12 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
         for i in range(0, 257):
             info = self.create_packet_info(src_if, src_if)
             payload = self.info_to_payload(info)
-            p = (Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac) /
-                 IP(src=src_ip, dst=dst_ip, tos=tos) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(payload))
+            p = (
+                Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac)
+                / IP(src=src_ip, dst=dst_ip, tos=tos)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(payload)
+            )
             info.data = p.copy()
             pkts.append(p)
         return pkts
@@ -132,107 +139,107 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
         for i in range(0, 257):
             info = self.create_packet_info(src_if, src_if)
             payload = self.info_to_payload(info)
-            p = (Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac) /
-                 IPv6(src=src_ip, dst=dst_ip, tc=tc) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(payload))
+            p = (
+                Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac)
+                / IPv6(src=src_ip, dst=dst_ip, tc=tc)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(payload)
+            )
             info.data = p.copy()
             pkts.append(p)
         return pkts
 
-    def create_tunnel_stream_4o4(self, src_if,
-                                 tunnel_src, tunnel_dst,
-                                 src_ip, dst_ip):
+    def create_tunnel_stream_4o4(self, src_if, tunnel_src, tunnel_dst, src_ip, dst_ip):
         pkts = []
         for i in range(0, 257):
             info = self.create_packet_info(src_if, src_if)
             payload = self.info_to_payload(info)
-            p = (Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac) /
-                 IP(src=tunnel_src, dst=tunnel_dst) /
-                 GRE() /
-                 IP(src=src_ip, dst=dst_ip) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(payload))
+            p = (
+                Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac)
+                / IP(src=tunnel_src, dst=tunnel_dst)
+                / GRE()
+                / IP(src=src_ip, dst=dst_ip)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(payload)
+            )
             info.data = p.copy()
             pkts.append(p)
         return pkts
 
-    def create_tunnel_stream_6o4(self, src_if,
-                                 tunnel_src, tunnel_dst,
-                                 src_ip, dst_ip):
+    def create_tunnel_stream_6o4(self, src_if, tunnel_src, tunnel_dst, src_ip, dst_ip):
         pkts = []
         for i in range(0, 257):
             info = self.create_packet_info(src_if, src_if)
             payload = self.info_to_payload(info)
-            p = (Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac) /
-                 IP(src=tunnel_src, dst=tunnel_dst) /
-                 GRE() /
-                 IPv6(src=src_ip, dst=dst_ip) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(payload))
+            p = (
+                Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac)
+                / IP(src=tunnel_src, dst=tunnel_dst)
+                / GRE()
+                / IPv6(src=src_ip, dst=dst_ip)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(payload)
+            )
             info.data = p.copy()
             pkts.append(p)
         return pkts
 
-    def create_tunnel_stream_6o6(self, src_if,
-                                 tunnel_src, tunnel_dst,
-                                 src_ip, dst_ip):
+    def create_tunnel_stream_6o6(self, src_if, tunnel_src, tunnel_dst, src_ip, dst_ip):
         pkts = []
         for i in range(0, 257):
             info = self.create_packet_info(src_if, src_if)
             payload = self.info_to_payload(info)
-            p = (Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac) /
-                 IPv6(src=tunnel_src, dst=tunnel_dst) /
-                 GRE() /
-                 IPv6(src=src_ip, dst=dst_ip) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(payload))
+            p = (
+                Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac)
+                / IPv6(src=tunnel_src, dst=tunnel_dst)
+                / GRE()
+                / IPv6(src=src_ip, dst=dst_ip)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(payload)
+            )
             info.data = p.copy()
             pkts.append(p)
         return pkts
 
-    def create_tunnel_stream_l2o4(self, src_if,
-                                  tunnel_src, tunnel_dst):
+    def create_tunnel_stream_l2o4(self, src_if, tunnel_src, tunnel_dst):
         pkts = []
         for i in range(0, 257):
             info = self.create_packet_info(src_if, src_if)
             payload = self.info_to_payload(info)
-            p = (Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac) /
-                 IP(src=tunnel_src, dst=tunnel_dst) /
-                 GRE() /
-                 Ether(dst=RandMAC('*:*:*:*:*:*'),
-                       src=RandMAC('*:*:*:*:*:*')) /
-                 IP(src=scapy.compat.raw(RandIP()),
-                    dst=scapy.compat.raw(RandIP())) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(payload))
+            p = (
+                Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac)
+                / IP(src=tunnel_src, dst=tunnel_dst)
+                / GRE()
+                / Ether(dst=RandMAC("*:*:*:*:*:*"), src=RandMAC("*:*:*:*:*:*"))
+                / IP(src=scapy.compat.raw(RandIP()), dst=scapy.compat.raw(RandIP()))
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(payload)
+            )
             info.data = p.copy()
             pkts.append(p)
         return pkts
 
-    def create_tunnel_stream_vlano4(self, src_if,
-                                    tunnel_src, tunnel_dst, vlan):
+    def create_tunnel_stream_vlano4(self, src_if, tunnel_src, tunnel_dst, vlan):
         pkts = []
         for i in range(0, 257):
             info = self.create_packet_info(src_if, src_if)
             payload = self.info_to_payload(info)
-            p = (Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac) /
-                 IP(src=tunnel_src, dst=tunnel_dst) /
-                 GRE() /
-                 Ether(dst=RandMAC('*:*:*:*:*:*'),
-                       src=RandMAC('*:*:*:*:*:*')) /
-                 Dot1Q(vlan=vlan) /
-                 IP(src=scapy.compat.raw(RandIP()),
-                    dst=scapy.compat.raw(RandIP())) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(payload))
+            p = (
+                Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac)
+                / IP(src=tunnel_src, dst=tunnel_dst)
+                / GRE()
+                / Ether(dst=RandMAC("*:*:*:*:*:*"), src=RandMAC("*:*:*:*:*:*"))
+                / Dot1Q(vlan=vlan)
+                / IP(src=scapy.compat.raw(RandIP()), dst=scapy.compat.raw(RandIP()))
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(payload)
+            )
             info.data = p.copy()
             pkts.append(p)
         return pkts
 
-    def verify_tunneled_4o4(self, src_if, capture, sent,
-                            tunnel_src, tunnel_dst,
-                            dscp=0, ecn=0):
+    def verify_tunneled_4o4(
+        self, src_if, capture, sent, tunnel_src, tunnel_dst, dscp=0, ecn=0
+    ):
 
         self.assertEqual(len(capture), len(sent))
         tos = (dscp << 2) | ecn
@@ -263,9 +270,9 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
                 self.logger.error(ppp("Tx:", tx))
                 raise
 
-    def verify_tunneled_6o6(self, src_if, capture, sent,
-                            tunnel_src, tunnel_dst,
-                            dscp=0, ecn=0):
+    def verify_tunneled_6o6(
+        self, src_if, capture, sent, tunnel_src, tunnel_dst, dscp=0, ecn=0
+    ):
 
         self.assertEqual(len(capture), len(sent))
         tc = (dscp << 2) | ecn
@@ -296,8 +303,7 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
                 self.logger.error(ppp("Tx:", tx))
                 raise
 
-    def verify_tunneled_4o6(self, src_if, capture, sent,
-                            tunnel_src, tunnel_dst):
+    def verify_tunneled_4o6(self, src_if, capture, sent, tunnel_src, tunnel_dst):
 
         self.assertEqual(len(capture), len(sent))
 
@@ -326,8 +332,7 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
                 self.logger.error(ppp("Tx:", tx))
                 raise
 
-    def verify_tunneled_6o4(self, src_if, capture, sent,
-                            tunnel_src, tunnel_dst):
+    def verify_tunneled_6o4(self, src_if, capture, sent, tunnel_src, tunnel_dst):
 
         self.assertEqual(len(capture), len(sent))
 
@@ -354,8 +359,7 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
                 self.logger.error(ppp("Tx:", tx))
                 raise
 
-    def verify_tunneled_l2o4(self, src_if, capture, sent,
-                             tunnel_src, tunnel_dst):
+    def verify_tunneled_l2o4(self, src_if, capture, sent, tunnel_src, tunnel_dst):
         self.assertEqual(len(capture), len(sent))
 
         for i in range(len(capture)):
@@ -387,8 +391,9 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
                 self.logger.error(ppp("Tx:", tx))
                 raise
 
-    def verify_tunneled_vlano4(self, src_if, capture, sent,
-                               tunnel_src, tunnel_dst, vlan):
+    def verify_tunneled_vlano4(
+        self, src_if, capture, sent, tunnel_src, tunnel_dst, vlan
+    ):
         try:
             self.assertEqual(len(capture), len(sent))
         except:
@@ -495,7 +500,7 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
                 raise
 
     def test_gre(self):
-        """ GRE IPv4 tunnel Tests """
+        """GRE IPv4 tunnel Tests"""
 
         #
         # Create an L3 GRE tunnel.
@@ -503,9 +508,7 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
         #  - assign an IP Addres
         #  - Add a route via the tunnel
         #
-        gre_if = VppGreInterface(self,
-                                 self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                 "1.1.1.2")
+        gre_if = VppGreInterface(self, self.pg0.local_ip4, "1.1.1.2")
         gre_if.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -522,9 +525,9 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
         gre_if.admin_up()
         gre_if.config_ip4()
 
-        route_via_tun = VppIpRoute(self, "4.4.4.4", 32,
-                                   [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                                 gre_if.sw_if_index)])
+        route_via_tun = VppIpRoute(
+            self, "4.4.4.4", 32, [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", gre_if.sw_if_index)]
+        )
 
         route_via_tun.add_vpp_config()
 
@@ -541,9 +544,12 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
         #
         # Add a route that resolves the tunnel's destination
         #
-        route_tun_dst = VppIpRoute(self, "1.1.1.2", 32,
-                                   [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                                 self.pg0.sw_if_index)])
+        route_tun_dst = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "1.1.1.2",
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.pg0.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         route_tun_dst.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -552,18 +558,19 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
         #
         tx = self.create_stream_ip4(self.pg0, "5.5.5.5", "4.4.4.4")
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg0)
-        self.verify_tunneled_4o4(self.pg0, rx, tx,
-                                 self.pg0.local_ip4, "1.1.1.2")
+        self.verify_tunneled_4o4(self.pg0, rx, tx, self.pg0.local_ip4, "1.1.1.2")
 
         #
         # Send tunneled packets that match the created tunnel and
         # are decapped and forwarded
         #
-        tx = self.create_tunnel_stream_4o4(self.pg0,
-                                           "1.1.1.2",
-                                           self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                           self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                           self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        tx = self.create_tunnel_stream_4o4(
+            self.pg0,
+            "1.1.1.2",
+            self.pg0.local_ip4,
+            self.pg0.local_ip4,
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+        )
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg0)
         self.verify_decapped_4o4(self.pg0, rx, tx)
 
@@ -571,14 +578,16 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
         # Send tunneled packets that do not match the tunnel's src
         #
         self.vapi.cli("clear trace")
-        tx = self.create_tunnel_stream_4o4(self.pg0,
-                                           "1.1.1.3",
-                                           self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                           self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                           self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        tx = self.create_tunnel_stream_4o4(
+            self.pg0,
+            "1.1.1.3",
+            self.pg0.local_ip4,
+            self.pg0.local_ip4,
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
-            self.pg0, tx,
-            remark="GRE packets forwarded despite no SRC address match")
+            self.pg0, tx, remark="GRE packets forwarded despite no SRC address match"
+        )
 
         #
         # Configure IPv6 on the PG interface so we can route IPv6
@@ -591,14 +600,18 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
         # Send IPv6 tunnel encapslated packets
         #  - dropped since IPv6 is not enabled on the tunnel
         #
-        tx = self.create_tunnel_stream_6o4(self.pg0,
-                                           "1.1.1.2",
-                                           self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                           self.pg0.local_ip6,
-                                           self.pg0.remote_ip6)
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, tx,
-                                        "IPv6 GRE packets forwarded "
-                                        "despite IPv6 not enabled on tunnel")
+        tx = self.create_tunnel_stream_6o4(
+            self.pg0,
+            "1.1.1.2",
+            self.pg0.local_ip4,
+            self.pg0.local_ip6,
+            self.pg0.remote_ip6,
+        )
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
+            self.pg0,
+            tx,
+            "IPv6 GRE packets forwarded despite IPv6 not enabled on tunnel",
+        )
 
         #
         # Enable IPv6 on the tunnel
@@ -609,11 +622,13 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
         # Send IPv6 tunnel encapslated packets
         #  - forwarded since IPv6 is enabled on the tunnel
         #
-        tx = self.create_tunnel_stream_6o4(self.pg0,
-                                           "1.1.1.2",
-                                           self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                           self.pg0.local_ip6,
-                                           self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+        tx = self.create_tunnel_stream_6o4(
+            self.pg0,
+            "1.1.1.2",
+            self.pg0.local_ip4,
+            self.pg0.local_ip6,
+            self.pg0.remote_ip6,
+        )
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg0)
         self.verify_decapped_6o4(self.pg0, rx, tx)
 
@@ -621,31 +636,32 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
         # Send v6 packets for v4 encap
         #
         route6_via_tun = VppIpRoute(
-            self, "2001::1", 128,
-            [VppRoutePath("::",
-                          gre_if.sw_if_index,
-                          proto=DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_IP6)])
+            self,
+            "2001::1",
+            128,
+            [VppRoutePath("::", gre_if.sw_if_index, proto=DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_IP6)],
+        )
         route6_via_tun.add_vpp_config()
 
         tx = self.create_stream_ip6(self.pg0, "2001::2", "2001::1")
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg0)
 
-        self.verify_tunneled_6o4(self.pg0, rx, tx,
-                                 self.pg0.local_ip4, "1.1.1.2")
+        self.verify_tunneled_6o4(self.pg0, rx, tx, self.pg0.local_ip4, "1.1.1.2")
 
         #
         # add a labelled route through the tunnel
         #
-        label_via_tun = VppIpRoute(self, "5.4.3.2", 32,
-                                   [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                                 gre_if.sw_if_index,
-                                                 labels=[VppMplsLabel(33)])])
+        label_via_tun = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "5.4.3.2",
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", gre_if.sw_if_index, labels=[VppMplsLabel(33)])],
+        )
         label_via_tun.add_vpp_config()
 
         tx = self.create_stream_ip4(self.pg0, "5.5.5.5", "5.4.3.2")
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg0)
-        self.verify_tunneled_4o4(self.pg0, rx, tx,
-                                 self.pg0.local_ip4, "1.1.1.2")
+        self.verify_tunneled_4o4(self.pg0, rx, tx, self.pg0.local_ip4, "1.1.1.2")
 
         #
         # an MPLS tunnel over the GRE tunnel add a route through
@@ -653,31 +669,40 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
         #
         mpls_tun = VppMPLSTunnelInterface(
             self,
-            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                          gre_if.sw_if_index,
-                          labels=[VppMplsLabel(44),
-                                  VppMplsLabel(46)])])
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "0.0.0.0",
+                    gre_if.sw_if_index,
+                    labels=[VppMplsLabel(44), VppMplsLabel(46)],
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         mpls_tun.add_vpp_config()
         mpls_tun.admin_up()
 
-        label_via_mpls = VppIpRoute(self, "5.4.3.1", 32,
-                                    [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                                  mpls_tun.sw_if_index,
-                                                  labels=[VppMplsLabel(33)])])
+        label_via_mpls = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "5.4.3.1",
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", mpls_tun.sw_if_index, labels=[VppMplsLabel(33)])],
+        )
         label_via_mpls.add_vpp_config()
 
         tx = self.create_stream_ip4(self.pg0, "5.5.5.5", "5.4.3.1")
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg0)
-        self.verify_tunneled_4o4(self.pg0, rx, tx,
-                                 self.pg0.local_ip4, "1.1.1.2")
+        self.verify_tunneled_4o4(self.pg0, rx, tx, self.pg0.local_ip4, "1.1.1.2")
 
         mpls_tun_l2 = VppMPLSTunnelInterface(
             self,
-            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                          gre_if.sw_if_index,
-                          labels=[VppMplsLabel(44),
-                                  VppMplsLabel(46)])],
-            is_l2=1)
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "0.0.0.0",
+                    gre_if.sw_if_index,
+                    labels=[VppMplsLabel(44), VppMplsLabel(46)],
+                )
+            ],
+            is_l2=1,
+        )
         mpls_tun_l2.add_vpp_config()
         mpls_tun_l2.admin_up()
 
@@ -696,7 +721,7 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
         self.pg0.unconfig_ip6()
 
     def test_gre6(self):
-        """ GRE IPv6 tunnel Tests """
+        """GRE IPv6 tunnel Tests"""
 
         self.pg1.config_ip6()
         self.pg1.resolve_ndp()
@@ -707,16 +732,14 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
         #  - assign an IP Address
         #  - Add a route via the tunnel
         #
-        gre_if = VppGreInterface(self,
-                                 self.pg2.local_ip6,
-                                 "1002::1")
+        gre_if = VppGreInterface(self, self.pg2.local_ip6, "1002::1")
         gre_if.add_vpp_config()
         gre_if.admin_up()
         gre_if.config_ip6()
 
-        route_via_tun = VppIpRoute(self, "4004::1", 128,
-                                   [VppRoutePath("0::0",
-                                                 gre_if.sw_if_index)])
+        route_via_tun = VppIpRoute(
+            self, "4004::1", 128, [VppRoutePath("0::0", gre_if.sw_if_index)]
+        )
 
         route_via_tun.add_vpp_config()
 
@@ -728,15 +751,18 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
         #
         tx = self.create_stream_ip6(self.pg2, "5005::1", "4004::1")
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
-            self.pg2, tx,
-            "GRE packets forwarded without DIP resolved")
+            self.pg2, tx, "GRE packets forwarded without DIP resolved"
+        )
 
         #
         # Add a route that resolves the tunnel's destination
         #
-        route_tun_dst = VppIpRoute(self, "1002::1", 128,
-                                   [VppRoutePath(self.pg2.remote_ip6,
-                                                 self.pg2.sw_if_index)])
+        route_tun_dst = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "1002::1",
+            128,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg2.remote_ip6, self.pg2.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         route_tun_dst.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -745,17 +771,14 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
         #
         tx = self.create_stream_ip6(self.pg2, "5005::1", "4004::1")
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, tx, self.pg2)
-        self.verify_tunneled_6o6(self.pg2, rx, tx,
-                                 self.pg2.local_ip6, "1002::1")
+        self.verify_tunneled_6o6(self.pg2, rx, tx, self.pg2.local_ip6, "1002::1")
 
         #
         # Test decap. decapped packets go out pg1
         #
-        tx = self.create_tunnel_stream_6o6(self.pg2,
-                                           "1002::1",
-                                           self.pg2.local_ip6,
-                                           "2001::1",
-                                           self.pg1.remote_ip6)
+        tx = self.create_tunnel_stream_6o6(
+            self.pg2, "1002::1", self.pg2.local_ip6, "2001::1", self.pg1.remote_ip6
+        )
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, tx, self.pg1)
 
         #
@@ -767,16 +790,15 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
         #
         # Send v4 over v6
         #
-        route4_via_tun = VppIpRoute(self, "1.1.1.1", 32,
-                                    [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                                  gre_if.sw_if_index)])
+        route4_via_tun = VppIpRoute(
+            self, "1.1.1.1", 32, [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", gre_if.sw_if_index)]
+        )
         route4_via_tun.add_vpp_config()
 
         tx = self.create_stream_ip4(self.pg0, "1.1.1.2", "1.1.1.1")
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg2)
 
-        self.verify_tunneled_4o6(self.pg0, rx, tx,
-                                 self.pg2.local_ip6, "1002::1")
+        self.verify_tunneled_4o6(self.pg0, rx, tx, self.pg2.local_ip6, "1002::1")
 
         #
         # test case cleanup
@@ -790,7 +812,7 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
         self.pg1.unconfig_ip6()
 
     def test_gre_vrf(self):
-        """ GRE tunnel VRF Tests """
+        """GRE tunnel VRF Tests"""
 
         e = VppEnum.vl_api_tunnel_encap_decap_flags_t
 
@@ -802,11 +824,15 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
         #  - assign an IP Addres
         #
         gre_if = VppGreInterface(
-            self, self.pg1.local_ip4,
+            self,
+            self.pg1.local_ip4,
             "2.2.2.2",
             outer_table_id=1,
-            flags=(e.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_COPY_DSCP |
-                   e.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_COPY_ECN))
+            flags=(
+                e.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_COPY_DSCP
+                | e.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_COPY_ECN
+            ),
+        )
 
         gre_if.add_vpp_config()
         gre_if.admin_up()
@@ -815,18 +841,22 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
         #
         # Add a route via the tunnel - in the overlay
         #
-        route_via_tun = VppIpRoute(self, "9.9.9.9", 32,
-                                   [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                                 gre_if.sw_if_index)])
+        route_via_tun = VppIpRoute(
+            self, "9.9.9.9", 32, [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", gre_if.sw_if_index)]
+        )
         route_via_tun.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # Add a route that resolves the tunnel's destination - in the
         # underlay table
         #
-        route_tun_dst = VppIpRoute(self, "2.2.2.2", 32, table_id=1,
-                                   paths=[VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                                       self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
+        route_tun_dst = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "2.2.2.2",
+            32,
+            table_id=1,
+            paths=[VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4, self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         route_tun_dst.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -835,12 +865,11 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
         #  - packets are GRE encapped
         #
         self.vapi.cli("clear trace")
-        tx = self.create_stream_ip4(self.pg0, "5.5.5.5", "9.9.9.9",
-                                    dscp=5, ecn=3)
+        tx = self.create_stream_ip4(self.pg0, "5.5.5.5", "9.9.9.9", dscp=5, ecn=3)
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg1)
-        self.verify_tunneled_4o4(self.pg1, rx, tx,
-                                 self.pg1.local_ip4, "2.2.2.2",
-                                 dscp=5, ecn=3)
+        self.verify_tunneled_4o4(
+            self.pg1, rx, tx, self.pg1.local_ip4, "2.2.2.2", dscp=5, ecn=3
+        )
 
         #
         # Send tunneled packets that match the created tunnel and
@@ -848,11 +877,13 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
         # does not happen in the encap table
         #
         self.vapi.cli("clear trace")
-        tx = self.create_tunnel_stream_4o4(self.pg1,
-                                           "2.2.2.2",
-                                           self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                                           self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                           self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        tx = self.create_tunnel_stream_4o4(
+            self.pg1,
+            "2.2.2.2",
+            self.pg1.local_ip4,
+            self.pg0.local_ip4,
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+        )
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, tx, self.pg0)
         self.verify_decapped_4o4(self.pg0, rx, tx)
 
@@ -865,14 +896,16 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
         #
         self.pg2.config_ip4()
         self.vapi.cli("clear trace")
-        tx = self.create_tunnel_stream_4o4(self.pg2,
-                                           "2.2.2.2",
-                                           self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                                           self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                           self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        tx = self.create_tunnel_stream_4o4(
+            self.pg2,
+            "2.2.2.2",
+            self.pg1.local_ip4,
+            self.pg0.local_ip4,
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+        )
         rx = self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
-            self.pg2, tx,
-            "GRE decap packets in wrong VRF")
+            self.pg2, tx, "GRE decap packets in wrong VRF"
+        )
 
         self.pg2.unconfig_ip4()
 
@@ -884,17 +917,23 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
         gre_if.remove_vpp_config()
 
     def test_gre_l2(self):
-        """ GRE tunnel L2 Tests """
+        """GRE tunnel L2 Tests"""
 
         #
         # Add routes to resolve the tunnel destinations
         #
-        route_tun1_dst = VppIpRoute(self, "2.2.2.2", 32,
-                                    [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                                  self.pg0.sw_if_index)])
-        route_tun2_dst = VppIpRoute(self, "2.2.2.3", 32,
-                                    [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                                  self.pg0.sw_if_index)])
+        route_tun1_dst = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "2.2.2.2",
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.pg0.sw_if_index)],
+        )
+        route_tun2_dst = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "2.2.2.3",
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.pg0.sw_if_index)],
+        )
 
         route_tun1_dst.add_vpp_config()
         route_tun2_dst.add_vpp_config()
@@ -902,53 +941,49 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
         #
         # Create 2 L2 GRE tunnels and x-connect them
         #
-        gre_if1 = VppGreInterface(self, self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                  "2.2.2.2",
-                                  type=(VppEnum.vl_api_gre_tunnel_type_t.
-                                        GRE_API_TUNNEL_TYPE_TEB))
-        gre_if2 = VppGreInterface(self, self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                  "2.2.2.3",
-                                  type=(VppEnum.vl_api_gre_tunnel_type_t.
-                                        GRE_API_TUNNEL_TYPE_TEB))
+        gre_if1 = VppGreInterface(
+            self,
+            self.pg0.local_ip4,
+            "2.2.2.2",
+            type=(VppEnum.vl_api_gre_tunnel_type_t.GRE_API_TUNNEL_TYPE_TEB),
+        )
+        gre_if2 = VppGreInterface(
+            self,
+            self.pg0.local_ip4,
+            "2.2.2.3",
+            type=(VppEnum.vl_api_gre_tunnel_type_t.GRE_API_TUNNEL_TYPE_TEB),
+        )
         gre_if1.add_vpp_config()
         gre_if2.add_vpp_config()
 
         gre_if1.admin_up()
         gre_if2.admin_up()
 
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_xconnect(gre_if1.sw_if_index,
-                                               gre_if2.sw_if_index,
-                                               enable=1)
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_xconnect(gre_if2.sw_if_index,
-                                               gre_if1.sw_if_index,
-                                               enable=1)
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_xconnect(
+            gre_if1.sw_if_index, gre_if2.sw_if_index, enable=1
+        )
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_xconnect(
+            gre_if2.sw_if_index, gre_if1.sw_if_index, enable=1
+        )
 
         #
         # Send in tunnel encapped L2. expect out tunnel encapped L2
         # in both directions
         #
-        tx = self.create_tunnel_stream_l2o4(self.pg0,
-                                            "2.2.2.2",
-                                            self.pg0.local_ip4)
+        tx = self.create_tunnel_stream_l2o4(self.pg0, "2.2.2.2", self.pg0.local_ip4)
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg0)
-        self.verify_tunneled_l2o4(self.pg0, rx, tx,
-                                  self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                  "2.2.2.3")
+        self.verify_tunneled_l2o4(self.pg0, rx, tx, self.pg0.local_ip4, "2.2.2.3")
 
-        tx = self.create_tunnel_stream_l2o4(self.pg0,
-                                            "2.2.2.3",
-                                            self.pg0.local_ip4)
+        tx = self.create_tunnel_stream_l2o4(self.pg0, "2.2.2.3", self.pg0.local_ip4)
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg0)
-        self.verify_tunneled_l2o4(self.pg0, rx, tx,
-                                  self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                  "2.2.2.2")
+        self.verify_tunneled_l2o4(self.pg0, rx, tx, self.pg0.local_ip4, "2.2.2.2")
 
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_xconnect(gre_if1.sw_if_index,
-                                               gre_if2.sw_if_index,
-                                               enable=0)
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_xconnect(gre_if2.sw_if_index,
-                                               gre_if1.sw_if_index,
-                                               enable=0)
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_xconnect(
+            gre_if1.sw_if_index, gre_if2.sw_if_index, enable=0
+        )
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_xconnect(
+            gre_if2.sw_if_index, gre_if1.sw_if_index, enable=0
+        )
 
         #
         # Create a VLAN sub-interfaces on the GRE TEB interfaces
@@ -963,47 +998,39 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
         gre_if_11.admin_up()
         gre_if_12.admin_up()
 
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_xconnect(gre_if_11.sw_if_index,
-                                               gre_if_12.sw_if_index,
-                                               enable=1)
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_xconnect(gre_if_12.sw_if_index,
-                                               gre_if_11.sw_if_index,
-                                               enable=1)
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_xconnect(
+            gre_if_11.sw_if_index, gre_if_12.sw_if_index, enable=1
+        )
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_xconnect(
+            gre_if_12.sw_if_index, gre_if_11.sw_if_index, enable=1
+        )
 
         #
         # Configure both to pop thier respective VLAN tags,
         # so that during the x-coonect they will subsequently push
         #
         self.vapi.l2_interface_vlan_tag_rewrite(
-            sw_if_index=gre_if_12.sw_if_index, vtr_op=L2_VTR_OP.L2_POP_1,
-            push_dot1q=12)
+            sw_if_index=gre_if_12.sw_if_index, vtr_op=L2_VTR_OP.L2_POP_1, push_dot1q=12
+        )
         self.vapi.l2_interface_vlan_tag_rewrite(
-            sw_if_index=gre_if_11.sw_if_index, vtr_op=L2_VTR_OP.L2_POP_1,
-            push_dot1q=11)
+            sw_if_index=gre_if_11.sw_if_index, vtr_op=L2_VTR_OP.L2_POP_1, push_dot1q=11
+        )
 
         #
         # Send traffic in both directiond - expect the VLAN tags to
         # be swapped.
         #
-        tx = self.create_tunnel_stream_vlano4(self.pg0,
-                                              "2.2.2.2",
-                                              self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                              11)
+        tx = self.create_tunnel_stream_vlano4(
+            self.pg0, "2.2.2.2", self.pg0.local_ip4, 11
+        )
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg0)
-        self.verify_tunneled_vlano4(self.pg0, rx, tx,
-                                    self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                    "2.2.2.3",
-                                    12)
+        self.verify_tunneled_vlano4(self.pg0, rx, tx, self.pg0.local_ip4, "2.2.2.3", 12)
 
-        tx = self.create_tunnel_stream_vlano4(self.pg0,
-                                              "2.2.2.3",
-                                              self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                              12)
+        tx = self.create_tunnel_stream_vlano4(
+            self.pg0, "2.2.2.3", self.pg0.local_ip4, 12
+        )
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg0)
-        self.verify_tunneled_vlano4(self.pg0, rx, tx,
-                                    self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                    "2.2.2.2",
-                                    11)
+        self.verify_tunneled_vlano4(self.pg0, rx, tx, self.pg0.local_ip4, "2.2.2.2", 11)
 
         #
         # Cleanup Test resources
@@ -1016,16 +1043,14 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
         route_tun2_dst.add_vpp_config()
 
     def test_gre_loop(self):
-        """ GRE tunnel loop Tests """
+        """GRE tunnel loop Tests"""
 
         #
         # Create an L3 GRE tunnel.
         #  - set it admin up
         #  - assign an IP Addres
         #
-        gre_if = VppGreInterface(self,
-                                 self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                 "1.1.1.2")
+        gre_if = VppGreInterface(self, self.pg0.local_ip4, "1.1.1.2")
         gre_if.add_vpp_config()
         gre_if.admin_up()
         gre_if.config_ip4()
@@ -1035,9 +1060,9 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
         # through the tunnel, hence forming a loop in the forwarding
         # graph
         #
-        route_dst = VppIpRoute(self, "1.1.1.2", 32,
-                               [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                             gre_if.sw_if_index)])
+        route_dst = VppIpRoute(
+            self, "1.1.1.2", 32, [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", gre_if.sw_if_index)]
+        )
         route_dst.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -1051,8 +1076,7 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
         #
         # break the loop
         #
-        route_dst.modify([VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                       self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
+        route_dst.modify([VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4, self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
         route_dst.add_vpp_config()
 
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg1)
@@ -1060,15 +1084,14 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
         #
         # a good route throught the tunnel to check it restacked
         #
-        route_via_tun_2 = VppIpRoute(self, "2.2.2.2", 32,
-                                     [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                                   gre_if.sw_if_index)])
+        route_via_tun_2 = VppIpRoute(
+            self, "2.2.2.2", 32, [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", gre_if.sw_if_index)]
+        )
         route_via_tun_2.add_vpp_config()
 
         tx = self.create_stream_ip4(self.pg0, "2.2.2.3", "2.2.2.2")
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg1)
-        self.verify_tunneled_4o4(self.pg1, rx, tx,
-                                 self.pg0.local_ip4, "1.1.1.2")
+        self.verify_tunneled_4o4(self.pg1, rx, tx, self.pg0.local_ip4, "1.1.1.2")
 
         #
         # cleanup
@@ -1077,7 +1100,7 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
         gre_if.remove_vpp_config()
 
     def test_mgre(self):
-        """ mGRE IPv4 tunnel Tests """
+        """mGRE IPv4 tunnel Tests"""
 
         for itf in self.pg_interfaces[3:]:
             #
@@ -1092,11 +1115,12 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
             #  - assign an IP Addres
             #  - Add a route via the tunnel
             #
-            gre_if = VppGreInterface(self,
-                                     itf.local_ip4,
-                                     "0.0.0.0",
-                                     mode=(VppEnum.vl_api_tunnel_mode_t.
-                                           TUNNEL_API_MODE_MP))
+            gre_if = VppGreInterface(
+                self,
+                itf.local_ip4,
+                "0.0.0.0",
+                mode=(VppEnum.vl_api_tunnel_mode_t.TUNNEL_API_MODE_MP),
+            )
             gre_if.add_vpp_config()
             gre_if.admin_up()
             gre_if.config_ip4()
@@ -1109,11 +1133,13 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
             # ensure we don't match to the tunnel if the source address
             # is all zeros
             #
-            tx = self.create_tunnel_stream_4o4(self.pg0,
-                                               "0.0.0.0",
-                                               itf.local_ip4,
-                                               self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                               self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+            tx = self.create_tunnel_stream_4o4(
+                self.pg0,
+                "0.0.0.0",
+                itf.local_ip4,
+                self.pg0.local_ip4,
+                self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            )
             self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, tx)
 
             #
@@ -1127,9 +1153,11 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
                 # route traffic via the peer
                 #
                 route_via_tun = VppIpRoute(
-                    self, route_addr, 32,
-                    [VppRoutePath(gre_if._remote_hosts[ii].ip4,
-                                  gre_if.sw_if_index)])
+                    self,
+                    route_addr,
+                    32,
+                    [VppRoutePath(gre_if._remote_hosts[ii].ip4, gre_if.sw_if_index)],
+                )
                 route_via_tun.add_vpp_config()
 
                 # all packets dropped at this point
@@ -1142,9 +1170,12 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
                 #
                 # Add a TEIB entry resolves the peer
                 #
-                teib = VppTeib(self, gre_if,
-                               gre_if._remote_hosts[ii].ip4,
-                               itf._remote_hosts[ii].ip4)
+                teib = VppTeib(
+                    self,
+                    gre_if,
+                    gre_if._remote_hosts[ii].ip4,
+                    itf._remote_hosts[ii].ip4,
+                )
                 teib.add_vpp_config()
 
                 #
@@ -1152,15 +1183,17 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
                 #  - packets are GRE encapped
                 #
                 rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx_e, itf)
-                self.verify_tunneled_4o4(self.pg0, rx, tx_e,
-                                         itf.local_ip4,
-                                         itf._remote_hosts[ii].ip4)
+                self.verify_tunneled_4o4(
+                    self.pg0, rx, tx_e, itf.local_ip4, itf._remote_hosts[ii].ip4
+                )
 
-                tx_i = self.create_tunnel_stream_4o4(self.pg0,
-                                                     itf._remote_hosts[ii].ip4,
-                                                     itf.local_ip4,
-                                                     self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                                     self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+                tx_i = self.create_tunnel_stream_4o4(
+                    self.pg0,
+                    itf._remote_hosts[ii].ip4,
+                    itf.local_ip4,
+                    self.pg0.local_ip4,
+                    self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                )
                 rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx_i, self.pg0)
                 self.verify_decapped_4o4(self.pg0, rx, tx_i)
 
@@ -1173,9 +1206,9 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
 
                 teib.add_vpp_config()
                 rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx_e, itf)
-                self.verify_tunneled_4o4(self.pg0, rx, tx_e,
-                                         itf.local_ip4,
-                                         itf._remote_hosts[ii].ip4)
+                self.verify_tunneled_4o4(
+                    self.pg0, rx, tx_e, itf.local_ip4, itf._remote_hosts[ii].ip4
+                )
                 rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx_i, self.pg0)
                 self.verify_decapped_4o4(self.pg0, rx, tx_i)
 
@@ -1185,9 +1218,9 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
                 gre_if.admin_down()
                 gre_if.admin_up()
                 rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx_e, itf)
-                self.verify_tunneled_4o4(self.pg0, rx, tx_e,
-                                         itf.local_ip4,
-                                         itf._remote_hosts[ii].ip4)
+                self.verify_tunneled_4o4(
+                    self.pg0, rx, tx_e, itf.local_ip4, itf._remote_hosts[ii].ip4
+                )
                 rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx_i, self.pg0)
                 self.verify_decapped_4o4(self.pg0, rx, tx_i)
 
@@ -1195,7 +1228,7 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
             gre_if.unconfig_ip4()
 
     def test_mgre6(self):
-        """ mGRE IPv6 tunnel Tests """
+        """mGRE IPv6 tunnel Tests"""
 
         self.pg0.config_ip6()
         self.pg0.resolve_ndp()
@@ -1220,9 +1253,9 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
                 self,
                 itf.local_ip6,
                 "::",
-                mode=(VppEnum.vl_api_tunnel_mode_t.
-                      TUNNEL_API_MODE_MP),
-                flags=e.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_COPY_DSCP)
+                mode=(VppEnum.vl_api_tunnel_mode_t.TUNNEL_API_MODE_MP),
+                flags=e.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_COPY_DSCP,
+            )
 
             gre_if.add_vpp_config()
             gre_if.admin_up()
@@ -1238,36 +1271,43 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
                 #
                 # Add a TEIB entry resolves the peer
                 #
-                teib = VppTeib(self, gre_if,
-                               gre_if._remote_hosts[ii].ip6,
-                               itf._remote_hosts[ii].ip6)
+                teib = VppTeib(
+                    self,
+                    gre_if,
+                    gre_if._remote_hosts[ii].ip6,
+                    itf._remote_hosts[ii].ip6,
+                )
                 teib.add_vpp_config()
 
                 #
                 # route traffic via the peer
                 #
                 route_via_tun = VppIpRoute(
-                    self, route_addr, 128,
-                    [VppRoutePath(gre_if._remote_hosts[ii].ip6,
-                                  gre_if.sw_if_index)])
+                    self,
+                    route_addr,
+                    128,
+                    [VppRoutePath(gre_if._remote_hosts[ii].ip6, gre_if.sw_if_index)],
+                )
                 route_via_tun.add_vpp_config()
 
                 #
                 # Send a packet stream that is routed into the tunnel
                 #  - packets are GRE encapped
                 #
-                tx_e = self.create_stream_ip6(self.pg0, "5::5", route_addr,
-                                              dscp=2, ecn=1)
+                tx_e = self.create_stream_ip6(
+                    self.pg0, "5::5", route_addr, dscp=2, ecn=1
+                )
                 rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx_e, itf)
-                self.verify_tunneled_6o6(self.pg0, rx, tx_e,
-                                         itf.local_ip6,
-                                         itf._remote_hosts[ii].ip6,
-                                         dscp=2)
-                tx_i = self.create_tunnel_stream_6o6(self.pg0,
-                                                     itf._remote_hosts[ii].ip6,
-                                                     itf.local_ip6,
-                                                     self.pg0.local_ip6,
-                                                     self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+                self.verify_tunneled_6o6(
+                    self.pg0, rx, tx_e, itf.local_ip6, itf._remote_hosts[ii].ip6, dscp=2
+                )
+                tx_i = self.create_tunnel_stream_6o6(
+                    self.pg0,
+                    itf._remote_hosts[ii].ip6,
+                    itf.local_ip6,
+                    self.pg0.local_ip6,
+                    self.pg0.remote_ip6,
+                )
                 rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx_i, self.pg0)
                 self.verify_decapped_6o6(self.pg0, rx, tx_i)
 
@@ -1279,10 +1319,9 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
 
                 teib.add_vpp_config()
                 rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx_e, itf)
-                self.verify_tunneled_6o6(self.pg0, rx, tx_e,
-                                         itf.local_ip6,
-                                         itf._remote_hosts[ii].ip6,
-                                         dscp=2)
+                self.verify_tunneled_6o6(
+                    self.pg0, rx, tx_e, itf.local_ip6, itf._remote_hosts[ii].ip6, dscp=2
+                )
                 rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx_i, self.pg0)
                 self.verify_decapped_6o6(self.pg0, rx, tx_i)
 
@@ -1292,5 +1331,5 @@ class TestGRE(VppTestCase):
         self.pg0.unconfig_ip6()
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_gro.py b/test/test_gro.py
index 6c68299d7f4..7e6b03c91d4 100644
--- a/test/test_gro.py
+++ b/test/test_gro.py
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ from vpp_interface import VppInterface
 
 
 class TestGRO(VppTestCase):
-    """ GRO Test Case """
+    """GRO Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(self):
@@ -63,17 +63,18 @@ class TestGRO(VppTestCase):
                 i.admin_down()
 
     def test_gro(self):
-        """ GRO test """
+        """GRO test"""
 
         n_packets = 124
         #
         # Send 1500 bytes frame with gro disabled
         #
-        p4 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-              IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                 flags='DF') /
-              TCP(sport=1234, dport=4321) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 1460))
+        p4 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4, flags="DF")
+            / TCP(sport=1234, dport=4321)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 1460)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, n_packets * p4, self.pg1)
         for rx in rxs:
@@ -91,11 +92,14 @@ class TestGRO(VppTestCase):
         p = []
         s = 0
         for n in range(0, n_packets):
-            p.append((Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                      IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg2.remote_ip4,
-                         flags='DF') /
-                      TCP(sport=1234, dport=4321, seq=s, ack=n, flags='A') /
-                      Raw(b'\xa5' * 1460)))
+            p.append(
+                (
+                    Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                    / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg2.remote_ip4, flags="DF")
+                    / TCP(sport=1234, dport=4321, seq=s, ack=n, flags="A")
+                    / Raw(b"\xa5" * 1460)
+                )
+            )
             s += 1460
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg2, n_rx=2)
@@ -110,14 +114,15 @@ class TestGRO(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(rx[IP].len, 64280)  # 1460 * 44 + 40 < 65536
             self.assertEqual(rx[TCP].sport, 1234)
             self.assertEqual(rx[TCP].dport, 4321)
-            self.assertEqual(rx[TCP].ack, (44*i - 1))
+            self.assertEqual(rx[TCP].ack, (44 * i - 1))
 
-        p4_temp = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac) /
-                   IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                      flags='DF') /
-                   TCP(sport=1234, dport=4321, flags='F'))
+        p4_temp = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4, flags="DF")
+            / TCP(sport=1234, dport=4321, flags="F")
+        )
 
-        rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, 100*[p4_temp], self.pg0, n_rx=100)
+        rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, 100 * [p4_temp], self.pg0, n_rx=100)
         rx_coalesce = self.pg2.get_capture(1, timeout=1)
 
         rx0 = rx_coalesce[0]
@@ -144,12 +149,16 @@ class TestGRO(VppTestCase):
         p = []
         s = 0
         for n in range(0, 88):
-            p.append((Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                      IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg2.remote_ip6) /
-                      TCP(sport=1234, dport=4321, seq=s, ack=n, flags='A') /
-                      Raw(b'\xa5' * 1460)))
+            p.append(
+                (
+                    Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                    / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg2.remote_ip6)
+                    / TCP(sport=1234, dport=4321, seq=s, ack=n, flags="A")
+                    / Raw(b"\xa5" * 1460)
+                )
+            )
             s += 1460
-        p[-1][TCP].flags = 'AP'  # push to flush second packet
+        p[-1][TCP].flags = "AP"  # push to flush second packet
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg2, n_rx=2)
 
@@ -163,7 +172,7 @@ class TestGRO(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(rx[IPv6].plen, 64260)  # 1460 * 44 + 20 < 65536
             self.assertEqual(rx[TCP].sport, 1234)
             self.assertEqual(rx[TCP].dport, 4321)
-            self.assertEqual(rx[TCP].ack, (44*i - 1))
+            self.assertEqual(rx[TCP].ack, (44 * i - 1))
 
         #
         # Send a series of 1500 bytes packets each followed by a packet with a
@@ -172,18 +181,23 @@ class TestGRO(VppTestCase):
         p = []
         s = 0
         for n in range(0, n_packets):
-            p.append((Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                      IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg2.remote_ip4,
-                         flags='DF') /
-                      TCP(sport=1234, dport=4321, seq=s, ack=2*n, flags='A') /
-                      Raw(b'\xa5' * 1460)))
+            p.append(
+                (
+                    Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                    / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg2.remote_ip4, flags="DF")
+                    / TCP(sport=1234, dport=4321, seq=s, ack=2 * n, flags="A")
+                    / Raw(b"\xa5" * 1460)
+                )
+            )
             s += 1460
-            p.append((Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                      IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg2.remote_ip4,
-                         flags='DF') /
-                      TCP(sport=1234, dport=4321, seq=s, ack=2*n+1,
-                          flags='AP') /
-                      Raw(b'\xa5' * 1340)))
+            p.append(
+                (
+                    Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                    / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg2.remote_ip4, flags="DF")
+                    / TCP(sport=1234, dport=4321, seq=s, ack=2 * n + 1, flags="AP")
+                    / Raw(b"\xa5" * 1340)
+                )
+            )
             s += 1340
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg2, n_rx=n_packets)
@@ -197,7 +211,7 @@ class TestGRO(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(rx[IP].len, 40 + 1460 + 1340)
             self.assertEqual(rx[TCP].sport, 1234)
             self.assertEqual(rx[TCP].dport, 4321)
-            self.assertEqual(rx[TCP].ack, (2*i + 1))
+            self.assertEqual(rx[TCP].ack, (2 * i + 1))
             i += 1
 
         #
@@ -209,20 +223,24 @@ class TestGRO(VppTestCase):
         s = 0
         for n in range(0, n_packets):
             i = self.pg0
-            p.append((Ether(src=i.remote_mac, dst=i.local_mac) /
-                      IP(src=i.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg2.remote_ip4,
-                         flags='DF') /
-                      TCP(sport=1234, dport=4321, seq=s, ack=2*n, flags='A') /
-                      Raw(b'\xa5' * 1459)))
+            p.append(
+                (
+                    Ether(src=i.remote_mac, dst=i.local_mac)
+                    / IP(src=i.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg2.remote_ip4, flags="DF")
+                    / TCP(sport=1234, dport=4321, seq=s, ack=2 * n, flags="A")
+                    / Raw(b"\xa5" * 1459)
+                )
+            )
             s += 1459
-            p2 = (Ether(src=i.remote_mac, dst=i.local_mac) /
-                  IP(src=i.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg2.remote_ip4,
-                     flags='DF', len=41) /
-                  TCP(sport=1234, dport=4321, seq=s, ack=2*n+1, flags='A') /
-                  Raw(b'\xa5'))
+            p2 = (
+                Ether(src=i.remote_mac, dst=i.local_mac)
+                / IP(src=i.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg2.remote_ip4, flags="DF", len=41)
+                / TCP(sport=1234, dport=4321, seq=s, ack=2 * n + 1, flags="A")
+                / Raw(b"\xa5")
+            )
             # first compute csum of pkt w/o padding to work around scapy bug
             p2 = Ether(bytes(p2))
-            p.append(p2 / Raw(b'\xa5' * 5))  # 1 byte data + 5 bytes padding
+            p.append(p2 / Raw(b"\xa5" * 5))  # 1 byte data + 5 bytes padding
             s += 1
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg2, n_rx=n_packets)
@@ -236,9 +254,9 @@ class TestGRO(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(rx[IP].len, 40 + 1459 + 1)
             self.assertEqual(rx[TCP].sport, 1234)
             self.assertEqual(rx[TCP].dport, 4321)
-            self.assertEqual(rx[TCP].ack, (2*i + 1))
+            self.assertEqual(rx[TCP].ack, (2 * i + 1))
             i += 1
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_gso.py b/test/test_gso.py
index ee676a41c4a..5368531e539 100644
--- a/test/test_gso.py
+++ b/test/test_gso.py
@@ -30,8 +30,12 @@ from socket import AF_INET, AF_INET6, inet_pton
 from util import reassemble4
 
 from vpp_ipsec import VppIpsecSA, VppIpsecTunProtect
-from template_ipsec import IPsecIPv4Params, IPsecIPv6Params, \
-    mk_scapy_crypt_key, config_tun_params
+from template_ipsec import (
+    IPsecIPv4Params,
+    IPsecIPv6Params,
+    mk_scapy_crypt_key,
+    config_tun_params,
+)
 
 """ Test_gso is a subclass of VPPTestCase classes.
     GSO tests.
@@ -39,7 +43,7 @@ from template_ipsec import IPsecIPv4Params, IPsecIPv6Params, \
 
 
 class TestGSO(VppTestCase):
-    """ GSO Test Case """
+    """GSO Test Case"""
 
     def __init__(self, *args):
         VppTestCase.__init__(self, *args)
@@ -70,18 +74,26 @@ class TestGSO(VppTestCase):
             i.resolve_ndp()
 
         self.single_tunnel_bd = 10
-        self.vxlan = VppVxlanTunnel(self, src=self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                    dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                    vni=self.single_tunnel_bd)
+        self.vxlan = VppVxlanTunnel(
+            self,
+            src=self.pg0.local_ip4,
+            dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            vni=self.single_tunnel_bd,
+        )
 
-        self.vxlan2 = VppVxlanTunnel(self, src=self.pg0.local_ip6,
-                                     dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                                     vni=self.single_tunnel_bd)
+        self.vxlan2 = VppVxlanTunnel(
+            self,
+            src=self.pg0.local_ip6,
+            dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6,
+            vni=self.single_tunnel_bd,
+        )
 
-        self.ipip4 = VppIpIpTunInterface(self, self.pg0, self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                         self.pg0.remote_ip4)
-        self.ipip6 = VppIpIpTunInterface(self, self.pg0, self.pg0.local_ip6,
-                                         self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+        self.ipip4 = VppIpIpTunInterface(
+            self, self.pg0, self.pg0.local_ip4, self.pg0.remote_ip4
+        )
+        self.ipip6 = VppIpIpTunInterface(
+            self, self.pg0, self.pg0.local_ip6, self.pg0.remote_ip6
+        )
 
     def tearDown(self):
         super(TestGSO, self).tearDown()
@@ -92,15 +104,16 @@ class TestGSO(VppTestCase):
                 i.admin_down()
 
     def test_gso(self):
-        """ GSO test """
+        """GSO test"""
         #
         # Send jumbo frame with gso disabled and DF bit is set
         #
-        p4 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-              IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                 flags='DF') /
-              TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 65200))
+        p4 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4, flags="DF")
+            / TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 65200)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p4], self.pg0)
 
@@ -115,13 +128,14 @@ class TestGSO(VppTestCase):
         #
         # Send checksum offload frames
         #
-        p40 = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac) /
-               IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                  flags='DF') /
-               TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-               Raw(b'\xa5' * 1460))
+        p40 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4, flags="DF")
+            / TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 1460)
+        )
 
-        rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, 100*[p40], self.pg0)
+        rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, 100 * [p40], self.pg0)
 
         for rx in rxs:
             self.assertEqual(rx[Ether].src, self.pg0.local_mac)
@@ -133,12 +147,14 @@ class TestGSO(VppTestCase):
             self.assert_tcp_checksum_valid(rx)
             self.assertEqual(payload_len, len(rx[Raw]))
 
-        p60 = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac) /
-               IPv6(src=self.pg2.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6) /
-               TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-               Raw(b'\xa5' * 1440))
+        p60 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg2.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+            / TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 1440)
+        )
 
-        rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, 100*[p60], self.pg0)
+        rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, 100 * [p60], self.pg0)
 
         for rx in rxs:
             self.assertEqual(rx[Ether].src, self.pg0.local_mac)
@@ -153,15 +169,17 @@ class TestGSO(VppTestCase):
         # Send jumbo frame with gso enabled and DF bit is set
         # input and output interfaces support GSO
         #
-        self.vapi.feature_gso_enable_disable(sw_if_index=self.pg3.sw_if_index,
-                                             enable_disable=1)
-        p41 = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac) /
-               IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg3.remote_ip4,
-                  flags='DF') /
-               TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-               Raw(b'\xa5' * 65200))
+        self.vapi.feature_gso_enable_disable(
+            sw_if_index=self.pg3.sw_if_index, enable_disable=1
+        )
+        p41 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg3.remote_ip4, flags="DF")
+            / TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 65200)
+        )
 
-        rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, 100*[p41], self.pg3, 100)
+        rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, 100 * [p41], self.pg3, 100)
 
         for rx in rxs:
             self.assertEqual(rx[Ether].src, self.pg3.local_mac)
@@ -175,12 +193,14 @@ class TestGSO(VppTestCase):
         #
         # ipv6
         #
-        p61 = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac) /
-               IPv6(src=self.pg2.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg3.remote_ip6) /
-               TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-               Raw(b'\xa5' * 65200))
+        p61 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg2.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg3.remote_ip6)
+            / TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 65200)
+        )
 
-        rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, 100*[p61], self.pg3, 100)
+        rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, 100 * [p61], self.pg3, 100)
 
         for rx in rxs:
             self.assertEqual(rx[Ether].src, self.pg3.local_mac)
@@ -196,15 +216,17 @@ class TestGSO(VppTestCase):
         # and DF bit is set. GSO packet will be chunked into gso_size
         # data payload
         #
-        self.vapi.feature_gso_enable_disable(sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                             enable_disable=1)
-        p42 = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac) /
-               IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                  flags='DF') /
-               TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-               Raw(b'\xa5' * 65200))
+        self.vapi.feature_gso_enable_disable(
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, enable_disable=1
+        )
+        p42 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4, flags="DF")
+            / TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 65200)
+        )
 
-        rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, 5*[p42], self.pg0, 225)
+        rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, 5 * [p42], self.pg0, 225)
         size = 0
         for rx in rxs:
             self.assertEqual(rx[Ether].src, self.pg0.local_mac)
@@ -218,17 +240,19 @@ class TestGSO(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(rx[TCP].dport, 1234)
             self.assertEqual(payload_len, len(rx[Raw]))
             size += payload_len
-        self.assertEqual(size, 65200*5)
+        self.assertEqual(size, 65200 * 5)
 
         #
         # ipv6
         #
-        p62 = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac) /
-               IPv6(src=self.pg2.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6) /
-               TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-               Raw(b'\xa5' * 65200))
+        p62 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg2.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+            / TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 65200)
+        )
 
-        rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, 5*[p62], self.pg0, 225)
+        rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, 5 * [p62], self.pg0, 225)
         size = 0
         for rx in rxs:
             self.assertEqual(rx[Ether].src, self.pg0.local_mac)
@@ -241,22 +265,25 @@ class TestGSO(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(rx[TCP].dport, 1234)
             self.assertEqual(payload_len, len(rx[Raw]))
             size += payload_len
-        self.assertEqual(size, 65200*5)
+        self.assertEqual(size, 65200 * 5)
 
         #
         # Send jumbo frame with gso enabled only on input interface
         # and DF bit is unset. GSO packet will be fragmented.
         #
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(self.pg1.sw_if_index, [576, 0, 0, 0])
-        self.vapi.feature_gso_enable_disable(sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                             enable_disable=1)
+        self.vapi.feature_gso_enable_disable(
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, enable_disable=1
+        )
 
-        p43 = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac) /
-               IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-               TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-               Raw(b'\xa5' * 65200))
+        p43 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 65200)
+        )
 
-        rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, 5*[p43], self.pg1, 5*119)
+        rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, 5 * [p43], self.pg1, 5 * 119)
         size = 0
         for rx in rxs:
             self.assertEqual(rx[Ether].src, self.pg1.local_mac)
@@ -265,8 +292,8 @@ class TestGSO(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(rx[IP].dst, self.pg1.remote_ip4)
             self.assert_ip_checksum_valid(rx)
             size += rx[IP].len - 20
-        size -= 20*5  # TCP header
-        self.assertEqual(size, 65200*5)
+        size -= 20 * 5  # TCP header
+        self.assertEqual(size, 65200 * 5)
 
         #
         # IPv6
@@ -274,12 +301,14 @@ class TestGSO(VppTestCase):
         # ICMPv6 Packet Too Big will be sent back to sender.
         #
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(self.pg1.sw_if_index, [1280, 0, 0, 0])
-        p63 = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac) /
-               IPv6(src=self.pg2.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6) /
-               TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-               Raw(b'\xa5' * 65200))
+        p63 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg2.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6)
+            / TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 65200)
+        )
 
-        rxs = self.send_and_expect_some(self.pg2, 5*[p63], self.pg2, 5)
+        rxs = self.send_and_expect_some(self.pg2, 5 * [p63], self.pg2, 5)
         for rx in rxs:
             self.assertEqual(rx[Ether].src, self.pg2.local_mac)
             self.assertEqual(rx[Ether].dst, self.pg2.remote_mac)
@@ -299,12 +328,14 @@ class TestGSO(VppTestCase):
         #
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(self.pg1.sw_if_index, [9000, 0, 0, 0])
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(self.pg4.sw_if_index, [9000, 0, 0, 0])
-        p44 = (Ether(src=self.pg4.remote_mac, dst=self.pg4.local_mac) /
-               IP(src=self.pg4.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-               TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-               Raw(b'\xa5' * 65200))
+        p44 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg4.remote_mac, dst=self.pg4.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg4.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 65200)
+        )
 
-        rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg4, 5*[p44], self.pg1, 165)
+        rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg4, 5 * [p44], self.pg1, 165)
         size = 0
         for rx in rxs:
             self.assertEqual(rx[Ether].src, self.pg1.local_mac)
@@ -316,17 +347,19 @@ class TestGSO(VppTestCase):
             self.assert_tcp_checksum_valid(rx)
             self.assertEqual(payload_len, len(rx[Raw]))
             size += payload_len
-        self.assertEqual(size, 65200*5)
+        self.assertEqual(size, 65200 * 5)
 
         #
         # IPv6
         #
-        p64 = (Ether(src=self.pg4.remote_mac, dst=self.pg4.local_mac) /
-               IPv6(src=self.pg4.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6) /
-               TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-               Raw(b'\xa5' * 65200))
+        p64 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg4.remote_mac, dst=self.pg4.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg4.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6)
+            / TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 65200)
+        )
 
-        rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg4, 5*[p64], self.pg1, 170)
+        rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg4, 5 * [p64], self.pg1, 170)
         size = 0
         for rx in rxs:
             self.assertEqual(rx[Ether].src, self.pg1.local_mac)
@@ -337,15 +370,17 @@ class TestGSO(VppTestCase):
             self.assert_tcp_checksum_valid(rx)
             self.assertEqual(payload_len, len(rx[Raw]))
             size += payload_len
-        self.assertEqual(size, 65200*5)
+        self.assertEqual(size, 65200 * 5)
 
-        self.vapi.feature_gso_enable_disable(sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                             enable_disable=0)
-        self.vapi.feature_gso_enable_disable(sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                             enable_disable=0)
+        self.vapi.feature_gso_enable_disable(
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, enable_disable=0
+        )
+        self.vapi.feature_gso_enable_disable(
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, enable_disable=0
+        )
 
     def test_gso_vxlan(self):
-        """ GSO VXLAN test """
+        """GSO VXLAN test"""
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh int addr"))
         #
         # Send jumbo frame with gso enabled only on input interface and
@@ -358,21 +393,26 @@ class TestGSO(VppTestCase):
         #
         self.vxlan.add_vpp_config()
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=self.vxlan.sw_if_index, bd_id=self.single_tunnel_bd)
+            rx_sw_if_index=self.vxlan.sw_if_index, bd_id=self.single_tunnel_bd
+        )
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg2.sw_if_index, bd_id=self.single_tunnel_bd)
-        self.vapi.feature_gso_enable_disable(sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                             enable_disable=1)
+            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg2.sw_if_index, bd_id=self.single_tunnel_bd
+        )
+        self.vapi.feature_gso_enable_disable(
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, enable_disable=1
+        )
 
         #
         # IPv4/IPv4 - VXLAN
         #
-        p45 = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst="02:fe:60:1e:a2:79") /
-               IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst="172.16.3.3", flags='DF') /
-               TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-               Raw(b'\xa5' * 65200))
+        p45 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst="02:fe:60:1e:a2:79")
+            / IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst="172.16.3.3", flags="DF")
+            / TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 65200)
+        )
 
-        rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, 5*[p45], self.pg0, 225)
+        rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, 5 * [p45], self.pg0, 225)
         size = 0
         for rx in rxs:
             self.assertEqual(rx[Ether].src, self.pg0.local_mac)
@@ -393,17 +433,19 @@ class TestGSO(VppTestCase):
             payload_len = inner[IP].len - 20 - 20
             self.assertEqual(payload_len, len(inner[Raw]))
             size += payload_len
-        self.assertEqual(size, 65200*5)
+        self.assertEqual(size, 65200 * 5)
 
         #
         # IPv4/IPv6 - VXLAN
         #
-        p65 = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst="02:fe:60:1e:a2:79") /
-               IPv6(src=self.pg2.remote_ip6, dst="fd01:3::3") /
-               TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-               Raw(b'\xa5' * 65200))
+        p65 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst="02:fe:60:1e:a2:79")
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg2.remote_ip6, dst="fd01:3::3")
+            / TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 65200)
+        )
 
-        rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, 5*[p65], self.pg0, 225)
+        rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, 5 * [p65], self.pg0, 225)
         size = 0
         for rx in rxs:
             self.assertEqual(rx[Ether].src, self.pg0.local_mac)
@@ -423,7 +465,7 @@ class TestGSO(VppTestCase):
             payload_len = inner[IPv6].plen - 20
             self.assertEqual(payload_len, len(inner[Raw]))
             size += payload_len
-        self.assertEqual(size, 65200*5)
+        self.assertEqual(size, 65200 * 5)
 
         #
         # disable ipv4/vxlan
@@ -435,18 +477,20 @@ class TestGSO(VppTestCase):
         #
         self.vxlan2.add_vpp_config()
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=self.vxlan2.sw_if_index,
-            bd_id=self.single_tunnel_bd)
+            rx_sw_if_index=self.vxlan2.sw_if_index, bd_id=self.single_tunnel_bd
+        )
 
         #
         # IPv6/IPv4 - VXLAN
         #
-        p46 = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst="02:fe:60:1e:a2:79") /
-               IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst="172.16.3.3", flags='DF') /
-               TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-               Raw(b'\xa5' * 65200))
+        p46 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst="02:fe:60:1e:a2:79")
+            / IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst="172.16.3.3", flags="DF")
+            / TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 65200)
+        )
 
-        rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, 5*[p46], self.pg0, 225)
+        rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, 5 * [p46], self.pg0, 225)
         size = 0
         for rx in rxs:
             self.assertEqual(rx[Ether].src, self.pg0.local_mac)
@@ -466,17 +510,19 @@ class TestGSO(VppTestCase):
             payload_len = inner[IP].len - 20 - 20
             self.assertEqual(payload_len, len(inner[Raw]))
             size += payload_len
-        self.assertEqual(size, 65200*5)
+        self.assertEqual(size, 65200 * 5)
 
         #
         # IPv6/IPv6 - VXLAN
         #
-        p66 = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst="02:fe:60:1e:a2:79") /
-               IPv6(src=self.pg2.remote_ip6, dst="fd01:3::3") /
-               TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-               Raw(b'\xa5' * 65200))
+        p66 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst="02:fe:60:1e:a2:79")
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg2.remote_ip6, dst="fd01:3::3")
+            / TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 65200)
+        )
 
-        rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, 5*[p66], self.pg0, 225)
+        rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, 5 * [p66], self.pg0, 225)
         size = 0
         for rx in rxs:
             self.assertEqual(rx[Ether].src, self.pg0.local_mac)
@@ -495,25 +541,27 @@ class TestGSO(VppTestCase):
             payload_len = inner[IPv6].plen - 20
             self.assertEqual(payload_len, len(inner[Raw]))
             size += payload_len
-        self.assertEqual(size, 65200*5)
+        self.assertEqual(size, 65200 * 5)
 
         #
         # disable ipv4/vxlan
         #
         self.vxlan2.remove_vpp_config()
 
-        self.vapi.feature_gso_enable_disable(sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                             enable_disable=0)
+        self.vapi.feature_gso_enable_disable(
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, enable_disable=0
+        )
 
     def test_gso_ipip(self):
-        """ GSO IPIP test """
+        """GSO IPIP test"""
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh int addr"))
         #
         # Send jumbo frame with gso enabled only on input interface and
         # create IPIP tunnel on VPP pg0.
         #
-        self.vapi.feature_gso_enable_disable(sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                             enable_disable=1)
+        self.vapi.feature_gso_enable_disable(
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, enable_disable=1
+        )
 
         #
         # enable ipip4
@@ -526,21 +574,30 @@ class TestGSO(VppTestCase):
 
         # Add IPv4 routes via tunnel interface
         self.ip4_via_ip4_tunnel = VppIpRoute(
-                self, "172.16.10.0", 24,
-                [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                              self.ipip4.sw_if_index,
-                              proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP4)])
+            self,
+            "172.16.10.0",
+            24,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "0.0.0.0",
+                    self.ipip4.sw_if_index,
+                    proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP4,
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         self.ip4_via_ip4_tunnel.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # IPv4/IPv4 - IPIP
         #
-        p47 = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst="02:fe:60:1e:a2:79") /
-               IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst="172.16.10.3", flags='DF') /
-               TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-               Raw(b'\xa5' * 65200))
+        p47 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst="02:fe:60:1e:a2:79")
+            / IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst="172.16.10.3", flags="DF")
+            / TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 65200)
+        )
 
-        rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, 5*[p47], self.pg0, 225)
+        rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, 5 * [p47], self.pg0, 225)
         size = 0
         for rx in rxs:
             self.assertEqual(rx[Ether].src, self.pg0.local_mac)
@@ -558,23 +615,32 @@ class TestGSO(VppTestCase):
             payload_len = inner[IP].len - 20 - 20
             self.assertEqual(payload_len, len(inner[Raw]))
             size += payload_len
-        self.assertEqual(size, 65200*5)
+        self.assertEqual(size, 65200 * 5)
 
         self.ip6_via_ip4_tunnel = VppIpRoute(
-                self, "fd01:10::", 64,
-                [VppRoutePath("::",
-                              self.ipip4.sw_if_index,
-                              proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6)])
+            self,
+            "fd01:10::",
+            64,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "::",
+                    self.ipip4.sw_if_index,
+                    proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6,
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         self.ip6_via_ip4_tunnel.add_vpp_config()
         #
         # IPv4/IPv6 - IPIP
         #
-        p67 = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst="02:fe:60:1e:a2:79") /
-               IPv6(src=self.pg2.remote_ip6, dst="fd01:10::3") /
-               TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-               Raw(b'\xa5' * 65200))
+        p67 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst="02:fe:60:1e:a2:79")
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg2.remote_ip6, dst="fd01:10::3")
+            / TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 65200)
+        )
 
-        rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, 5*[p67], self.pg0, 225)
+        rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, 5 * [p67], self.pg0, 225)
         size = 0
         for rx in rxs:
             self.assertEqual(rx[Ether].src, self.pg0.local_mac)
@@ -591,20 +657,21 @@ class TestGSO(VppTestCase):
             payload_len = inner[IPv6].plen - 20
             self.assertEqual(payload_len, len(inner[Raw]))
             size += payload_len
-        self.assertEqual(size, 65200*5)
+        self.assertEqual(size, 65200 * 5)
 
         #
         # Send jumbo frame with gso enabled only on input interface and
         # create IPIP tunnel on VPP pg0. Enable gso feature node on ipip
         # tunnel - IPSec use case
         #
-        self.vapi.feature_gso_enable_disable(sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                             enable_disable=0)
         self.vapi.feature_gso_enable_disable(
-            sw_if_index=self.ipip4.sw_if_index,
-            enable_disable=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, enable_disable=0
+        )
+        self.vapi.feature_gso_enable_disable(
+            sw_if_index=self.ipip4.sw_if_index, enable_disable=1
+        )
 
-        rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, 5*[p47], self.pg0, 225)
+        rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, 5 * [p47], self.pg0, 225)
         size = 0
         for rx in rxs:
             self.assertEqual(rx[Ether].src, self.pg0.local_mac)
@@ -622,14 +689,14 @@ class TestGSO(VppTestCase):
             payload_len = inner[IP].len - 20 - 20
             self.assertEqual(payload_len, len(inner[Raw]))
             size += payload_len
-        self.assertEqual(size, 65200*5)
+        self.assertEqual(size, 65200 * 5)
 
         #
         # disable ipip4
         #
         self.vapi.feature_gso_enable_disable(
-            sw_if_index=self.ipip4.sw_if_index,
-            enable_disable=0)
+            sw_if_index=self.ipip4.sw_if_index, enable_disable=0
+        )
         self.ip4_via_ip4_tunnel.remove_vpp_config()
         self.ip6_via_ip4_tunnel.remove_vpp_config()
         self.ipip4.remove_vpp_config()
@@ -637,8 +704,9 @@ class TestGSO(VppTestCase):
         #
         # enable ipip6
         #
-        self.vapi.feature_gso_enable_disable(sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                             enable_disable=1)
+        self.vapi.feature_gso_enable_disable(
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, enable_disable=1
+        )
         self.ipip6.add_vpp_config()
 
         # Set interface up and enable IP on it
@@ -647,21 +715,30 @@ class TestGSO(VppTestCase):
 
         # Add IPv4 routes via tunnel interface
         self.ip4_via_ip6_tunnel = VppIpRoute(
-                self, "172.16.10.0", 24,
-                [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                              self.ipip6.sw_if_index,
-                              proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP4)])
+            self,
+            "172.16.10.0",
+            24,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "0.0.0.0",
+                    self.ipip6.sw_if_index,
+                    proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP4,
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         self.ip4_via_ip6_tunnel.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # IPv6/IPv4 - IPIP
         #
-        p48 = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst="02:fe:60:1e:a2:79") /
-               IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst="172.16.10.3", flags='DF') /
-               TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-               Raw(b'\xa5' * 65200))
+        p48 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst="02:fe:60:1e:a2:79")
+            / IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst="172.16.10.3", flags="DF")
+            / TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 65200)
+        )
 
-        rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, 5*[p48], self.pg0, 225)
+        rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, 5 * [p48], self.pg0, 225)
         size = 0
         for rx in rxs:
             self.assertEqual(rx[Ether].src, self.pg0.local_mac)
@@ -678,24 +755,33 @@ class TestGSO(VppTestCase):
             payload_len = inner[IP].len - 20 - 20
             self.assertEqual(payload_len, len(inner[Raw]))
             size += payload_len
-        self.assertEqual(size, 65200*5)
+        self.assertEqual(size, 65200 * 5)
 
         self.ip6_via_ip6_tunnel = VppIpRoute(
-                self, "fd01:10::", 64,
-                [VppRoutePath("::",
-                              self.ipip6.sw_if_index,
-                              proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6)])
+            self,
+            "fd01:10::",
+            64,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "::",
+                    self.ipip6.sw_if_index,
+                    proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6,
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         self.ip6_via_ip6_tunnel.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # IPv6/IPv6 - IPIP
         #
-        p68 = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst="02:fe:60:1e:a2:79") /
-               IPv6(src=self.pg2.remote_ip6, dst="fd01:10::3") /
-               TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-               Raw(b'\xa5' * 65200))
+        p68 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst="02:fe:60:1e:a2:79")
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg2.remote_ip6, dst="fd01:10::3")
+            / TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 65200)
+        )
 
-        rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, 5*[p68], self.pg0, 225)
+        rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, 5 * [p68], self.pg0, 225)
         size = 0
         for rx in rxs:
             self.assertEqual(rx[Ether].src, self.pg0.local_mac)
@@ -711,7 +797,7 @@ class TestGSO(VppTestCase):
             payload_len = inner[IPv6].plen - 20
             self.assertEqual(payload_len, len(inner[Raw]))
             size += payload_len
-        self.assertEqual(size, 65200*5)
+        self.assertEqual(size, 65200 * 5)
 
         #
         # disable ipip6
@@ -720,11 +806,12 @@ class TestGSO(VppTestCase):
         self.ip6_via_ip6_tunnel.remove_vpp_config()
         self.ipip6.remove_vpp_config()
 
-        self.vapi.feature_gso_enable_disable(sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                             enable_disable=0)
+        self.vapi.feature_gso_enable_disable(
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, enable_disable=0
+        )
 
     def test_gso_ipsec(self):
-        """ GSO IPSEC test """
+        """GSO IPSEC test"""
         #
         # Send jumbo frame with gso enabled only on input interface and
         # create IPIP tunnel on VPP pg0.
@@ -735,14 +822,22 @@ class TestGSO(VppTestCase):
         #
         self.ipip4.add_vpp_config()
         self.vapi.feature_gso_enable_disable(
-            sw_if_index=self.ipip4.sw_if_index, enable_disable=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.ipip4.sw_if_index, enable_disable=1
+        )
 
         # Add IPv4 routes via tunnel interface
         self.ip4_via_ip4_tunnel = VppIpRoute(
-                self, "172.16.10.0", 24,
-                [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                              self.ipip4.sw_if_index,
-                              proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP4)])
+            self,
+            "172.16.10.0",
+            24,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "0.0.0.0",
+                    self.ipip4.sw_if_index,
+                    proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP4,
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         self.ip4_via_ip4_tunnel.add_vpp_config()
 
         # IPSec config
@@ -750,30 +845,33 @@ class TestGSO(VppTestCase):
         self.encryption_type = ESP
         config_tun_params(self.ipv4_params, self.encryption_type, self.ipip4)
 
-        self.tun_sa_in_v4 = VppIpsecSA(self, self.ipv4_params.vpp_tun_sa_id,
-                                       self.ipv4_params.vpp_tun_spi,
-                                       self.ipv4_params.auth_algo_vpp_id,
-                                       self.ipv4_params.auth_key,
-                                       self.ipv4_params.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
-                                       self.ipv4_params.crypt_key,
-                                       VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_proto_t.
-                                       IPSEC_API_PROTO_ESP)
+        self.tun_sa_in_v4 = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            self.ipv4_params.vpp_tun_sa_id,
+            self.ipv4_params.vpp_tun_spi,
+            self.ipv4_params.auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            self.ipv4_params.auth_key,
+            self.ipv4_params.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            self.ipv4_params.crypt_key,
+            VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_proto_t.IPSEC_API_PROTO_ESP,
+        )
         self.tun_sa_in_v4.add_vpp_config()
 
-        self.tun_sa_out_v4 = VppIpsecSA(self, self.ipv4_params.scapy_tun_sa_id,
-                                        self.ipv4_params.scapy_tun_spi,
-                                        self.ipv4_params.auth_algo_vpp_id,
-                                        self.ipv4_params.auth_key,
-                                        self.ipv4_params.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
-                                        self.ipv4_params.crypt_key,
-                                        VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_proto_t.
-                                        IPSEC_API_PROTO_ESP)
+        self.tun_sa_out_v4 = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            self.ipv4_params.scapy_tun_sa_id,
+            self.ipv4_params.scapy_tun_spi,
+            self.ipv4_params.auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            self.ipv4_params.auth_key,
+            self.ipv4_params.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            self.ipv4_params.crypt_key,
+            VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_proto_t.IPSEC_API_PROTO_ESP,
+        )
         self.tun_sa_out_v4.add_vpp_config()
 
-        self.tun_protect_v4 = VppIpsecTunProtect(self,
-                                                 self.ipip4,
-                                                 self.tun_sa_out_v4,
-                                                 [self.tun_sa_in_v4])
+        self.tun_protect_v4 = VppIpsecTunProtect(
+            self, self.ipip4, self.tun_sa_out_v4, [self.tun_sa_in_v4]
+        )
 
         self.tun_protect_v4.add_vpp_config()
 
@@ -784,10 +882,12 @@ class TestGSO(VppTestCase):
         #
         # IPv4/IPv4 - IPSEC
         #
-        ipsec44 = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst="02:fe:60:1e:a2:79") /
-                   IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst="172.16.10.3", flags='DF') /
-                   TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                   Raw(b'\xa5' * 65200))
+        ipsec44 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst="02:fe:60:1e:a2:79")
+            / IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst="172.16.10.3", flags="DF")
+            / TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 65200)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, [ipsec44], self.pg0, 45)
         size = 0
@@ -805,18 +905,27 @@ class TestGSO(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(size, 65200)
 
         self.ip6_via_ip4_tunnel = VppIpRoute(
-                self, "fd01:10::", 64,
-                [VppRoutePath("::",
-                              self.ipip4.sw_if_index,
-                              proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6)])
+            self,
+            "fd01:10::",
+            64,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "::",
+                    self.ipip4.sw_if_index,
+                    proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6,
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         self.ip6_via_ip4_tunnel.add_vpp_config()
         #
         # IPv4/IPv6 - IPSEC
         #
-        ipsec46 = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst="02:fe:60:1e:a2:79") /
-                   IPv6(src=self.pg2.remote_ip6, dst="fd01:10::3") /
-                   TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                   Raw(b'\xa5' * 65200))
+        ipsec46 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst="02:fe:60:1e:a2:79")
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg2.remote_ip6, dst="fd01:10::3")
+            / TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 65200)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, [ipsec46], self.pg0, 45)
         size = 0
@@ -841,8 +950,7 @@ class TestGSO(VppTestCase):
         #
         # disable ipip4
         #
-        self.vapi.feature_gso_enable_disable(self.ipip4.sw_if_index,
-                                             enable_disable=0)
+        self.vapi.feature_gso_enable_disable(self.ipip4.sw_if_index, enable_disable=0)
         self.ip4_via_ip4_tunnel.remove_vpp_config()
         self.ip6_via_ip4_tunnel.remove_vpp_config()
         self.ipip4.remove_vpp_config()
@@ -851,8 +959,7 @@ class TestGSO(VppTestCase):
         # enable ipip6
         #
         self.ipip6.add_vpp_config()
-        self.vapi.feature_gso_enable_disable(self.ipip6.sw_if_index,
-                                             enable_disable=1)
+        self.vapi.feature_gso_enable_disable(self.ipip6.sw_if_index, enable_disable=1)
 
         # Set interface up and enable IP on it
         self.ipip6.admin_up()
@@ -860,50 +967,62 @@ class TestGSO(VppTestCase):
 
         # Add IPv4 routes via tunnel interface
         self.ip4_via_ip6_tunnel = VppIpRoute(
-                self, "172.16.10.0", 24,
-                [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                              self.ipip6.sw_if_index,
-                              proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP4)])
+            self,
+            "172.16.10.0",
+            24,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "0.0.0.0",
+                    self.ipip6.sw_if_index,
+                    proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP4,
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         self.ip4_via_ip6_tunnel.add_vpp_config()
 
         # IPSec config
         self.ipv6_params = IPsecIPv6Params()
         self.encryption_type = ESP
         config_tun_params(self.ipv6_params, self.encryption_type, self.ipip6)
-        self.tun_sa_in_v6 = VppIpsecSA(self, self.ipv6_params.vpp_tun_sa_id,
-                                       self.ipv6_params.vpp_tun_spi,
-                                       self.ipv6_params.auth_algo_vpp_id,
-                                       self.ipv6_params.auth_key,
-                                       self.ipv6_params.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
-                                       self.ipv6_params.crypt_key,
-                                       VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_proto_t.
-                                       IPSEC_API_PROTO_ESP)
+        self.tun_sa_in_v6 = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            self.ipv6_params.vpp_tun_sa_id,
+            self.ipv6_params.vpp_tun_spi,
+            self.ipv6_params.auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            self.ipv6_params.auth_key,
+            self.ipv6_params.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            self.ipv6_params.crypt_key,
+            VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_proto_t.IPSEC_API_PROTO_ESP,
+        )
         self.tun_sa_in_v6.add_vpp_config()
 
-        self.tun_sa_out_v6 = VppIpsecSA(self, self.ipv6_params.scapy_tun_sa_id,
-                                        self.ipv6_params.scapy_tun_spi,
-                                        self.ipv6_params.auth_algo_vpp_id,
-                                        self.ipv6_params.auth_key,
-                                        self.ipv6_params.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
-                                        self.ipv6_params.crypt_key,
-                                        VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_proto_t.
-                                        IPSEC_API_PROTO_ESP)
+        self.tun_sa_out_v6 = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            self.ipv6_params.scapy_tun_sa_id,
+            self.ipv6_params.scapy_tun_spi,
+            self.ipv6_params.auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            self.ipv6_params.auth_key,
+            self.ipv6_params.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            self.ipv6_params.crypt_key,
+            VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_proto_t.IPSEC_API_PROTO_ESP,
+        )
         self.tun_sa_out_v6.add_vpp_config()
 
-        self.tun_protect_v6 = VppIpsecTunProtect(self,
-                                                 self.ipip6,
-                                                 self.tun_sa_out_v6,
-                                                 [self.tun_sa_in_v6])
+        self.tun_protect_v6 = VppIpsecTunProtect(
+            self, self.ipip6, self.tun_sa_out_v6, [self.tun_sa_in_v6]
+        )
 
         self.tun_protect_v6.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # IPv6/IPv4 - IPSEC
         #
-        ipsec64 = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst="02:fe:60:1e:a2:79") /
-                   IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst="172.16.10.3", flags='DF') /
-                   TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                   Raw(b'\xa5' * 65200))
+        ipsec64 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst="02:fe:60:1e:a2:79")
+            / IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst="172.16.10.3", flags="DF")
+            / TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 65200)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, [ipsec64], self.pg0, 45)
         size = 0
@@ -921,19 +1040,28 @@ class TestGSO(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(size, 65200)
 
         self.ip6_via_ip6_tunnel = VppIpRoute(
-                self, "fd01:10::", 64,
-                [VppRoutePath("::",
-                              self.ipip6.sw_if_index,
-                              proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6)])
+            self,
+            "fd01:10::",
+            64,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "::",
+                    self.ipip6.sw_if_index,
+                    proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6,
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         self.ip6_via_ip6_tunnel.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # IPv6/IPv6 - IPSEC
         #
-        ipsec66 = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst="02:fe:60:1e:a2:79") /
-                   IPv6(src=self.pg2.remote_ip6, dst="fd01:10::3") /
-                   TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                   Raw(b'\xa5' * 65200))
+        ipsec66 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst="02:fe:60:1e:a2:79")
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg2.remote_ip6, dst="fd01:10::3")
+            / TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 65200)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, [ipsec66], self.pg0, 45)
         size = 0
@@ -962,8 +1090,8 @@ class TestGSO(VppTestCase):
         self.ip6_via_ip6_tunnel.remove_vpp_config()
         self.ipip6.remove_vpp_config()
 
-        self.vapi.feature_gso_enable_disable(self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                             enable_disable=0)
+        self.vapi.feature_gso_enable_disable(self.pg0.sw_if_index, enable_disable=0)
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_gtpu.py b/test/test_gtpu.py
index e4a2bfa3670..a6d54f53357 100644
--- a/test/test_gtpu.py
+++ b/test/test_gtpu.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ from vpp_ip import INVALID_INDEX
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 class TestGtpuUDP(VppTestCase):
-    """ GTPU UDP ports Test Case """
+    """GTPU UDP ports Test Case"""
 
     def setUp(self):
         super(TestGtpuUDP, self).setUp()
@@ -39,15 +39,16 @@ class TestGtpuUDP(VppTestCase):
 
     def _check_udp_port_ip4(self, enabled=True):
 
-        pkt = (Ether(src=self.pg0.local_mac, dst=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-               IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-               UDP(sport=self.dport, dport=self.dport, chksum=0))
+        pkt = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.local_mac, dst=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=self.dport, dport=self.dport, chksum=0)
+        )
 
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkt)
         self.pg_start()
 
-        err = self.statistics.get_counter(
-            '/err/ip4-udp-lookup/no_listener')[0]
+        err = self.statistics.get_counter("/err/ip4-udp-lookup/no_listener")[0]
 
         if enabled:
             self.assertEqual(err, self.ip4_err)
@@ -58,15 +59,16 @@ class TestGtpuUDP(VppTestCase):
 
     def _check_udp_port_ip6(self, enabled=True):
 
-        pkt = (Ether(src=self.pg0.local_mac, dst=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-               IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6) /
-               UDP(sport=self.dport, dport=self.dport, chksum=0))
+        pkt = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.local_mac, dst=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=self.dport, dport=self.dport, chksum=0)
+        )
 
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkt)
         self.pg_start()
 
-        err = self.statistics.get_counter(
-            '/err/ip6-udp-lookup/no_listener')[0]
+        err = self.statistics.get_counter("/err/ip6-udp-lookup/no_listener")[0]
 
         if enabled:
             self.assertEqual(err, self.ip6_err)
@@ -76,46 +78,54 @@ class TestGtpuUDP(VppTestCase):
         self.ip6_err = err
 
     def test_udp_port(self):
-        """ test UDP ports
+        """test UDP ports
         Check if there are no udp listeners before gtpu is enabled
         """
         # UDP ports should be disabled unless a tunnel is configured
         self._check_udp_port_ip4(False)
         self._check_udp_port_ip6(False)
 
-        r = self.vapi.gtpu_add_del_tunnel(is_add=True,
-                                          mcast_sw_if_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
-                                          decap_next_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
-                                          src_address=self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                          dst_address=self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        r = self.vapi.gtpu_add_del_tunnel(
+            is_add=True,
+            mcast_sw_if_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
+            decap_next_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
+            src_address=self.pg0.local_ip4,
+            dst_address=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+        )
 
         # UDP port 2152 enabled for ip4
         self._check_udp_port_ip4()
 
-        r = self.vapi.gtpu_add_del_tunnel(is_add=True,
-                                          mcast_sw_if_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
-                                          decap_next_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
-                                          src_address=self.pg0.local_ip6,
-                                          dst_address=self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+        r = self.vapi.gtpu_add_del_tunnel(
+            is_add=True,
+            mcast_sw_if_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
+            decap_next_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
+            src_address=self.pg0.local_ip6,
+            dst_address=self.pg0.remote_ip6,
+        )
 
         # UDP port 2152 enabled for ip6
         self._check_udp_port_ip6()
 
-        r = self.vapi.gtpu_add_del_tunnel(is_add=False,
-                                          mcast_sw_if_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
-                                          decap_next_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
-                                          src_address=self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                          dst_address=self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        r = self.vapi.gtpu_add_del_tunnel(
+            is_add=False,
+            mcast_sw_if_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
+            decap_next_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
+            src_address=self.pg0.local_ip4,
+            dst_address=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+        )
 
-        r = self.vapi.gtpu_add_del_tunnel(is_add=False,
-                                          mcast_sw_if_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
-                                          decap_next_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
-                                          src_address=self.pg0.local_ip6,
-                                          dst_address=self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+        r = self.vapi.gtpu_add_del_tunnel(
+            is_add=False,
+            mcast_sw_if_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
+            decap_next_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
+            src_address=self.pg0.local_ip6,
+            dst_address=self.pg0.remote_ip6,
+        )
 
 
 class TestGtpu(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
-    """ GTPU Test Case """
+    """GTPU Test Case"""
 
     def __init__(self, *args):
         BridgeDomain.__init__(self)
@@ -126,14 +136,16 @@ class TestGtpu(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
         Encapsulate the original payload frame by adding GTPU header with its
         UDP, IP and Ethernet fields
         """
-        return (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-                UDP(sport=self.dport, dport=self.dport, chksum=0) /
-                GTP_U_Header(teid=vni, gtp_type=self.gtp_type, length=150) /
-                pkt)
+        return (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=self.dport, dport=self.dport, chksum=0)
+            / GTP_U_Header(teid=vni, gtp_type=self.gtp_type, length=150)
+            / pkt
+        )
 
     def ip_range(self, start, end):
-        """ range of remote ip's """
+        """range of remote ip's"""
         return ip4_range(self.pg0.remote_ip4, start, end)
 
     def encap_mcast(self, pkt, src_ip, src_mac, vni):
@@ -141,11 +153,13 @@ class TestGtpu(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
         Encapsulate the original payload frame by adding GTPU header with its
         UDP, IP and Ethernet fields
         """
-        return (Ether(src=src_mac, dst=self.mcast_mac) /
-                IP(src=src_ip, dst=self.mcast_ip4) /
-                UDP(sport=self.dport, dport=self.dport, chksum=0) /
-                GTP_U_Header(teid=vni, gtp_type=self.gtp_type, length=150) /
-                pkt)
+        return (
+            Ether(src=src_mac, dst=self.mcast_mac)
+            / IP(src=src_ip, dst=self.mcast_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=self.dport, dport=self.dport, chksum=0)
+            / GTP_U_Header(teid=vni, gtp_type=self.gtp_type, length=150)
+            / pkt
+        )
 
     def decapsulate(self, pkt):
         """
@@ -178,7 +192,7 @@ class TestGtpu(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(pkt[GTP_U_Header].teid, vni)
 
     def test_encap(self):
-        """ Encapsulation test
+        """Encapsulation test
         Send frames from pg1
         Verify receipt of encapsulated frames on pg0
         """
@@ -197,7 +211,7 @@ class TestGtpu(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
         # self.assert_eq_pkts(payload, self.frame_reply)
 
     def test_ucast_flood(self):
-        """ Unicast flood test
+        """Unicast flood test
         Send frames from pg3
         Verify receipt of encapsulated frames on pg0
         """
@@ -215,7 +229,7 @@ class TestGtpu(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
             # self.assert_eq_pkts(payload, self.frame_reply)
 
     def test_mcast_flood(self):
-        """ Multicast flood test
+        """Multicast flood test
         Send frames from pg2
         Verify receipt of encapsulated frames on pg0
         """
@@ -228,8 +242,9 @@ class TestGtpu(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
         # Pick first received frame and check if it's correctly encapsulated.
         out = self.pg0.get_capture(1)
         pkt = out[0]
-        self.check_encapsulation(pkt, self.mcast_flood_bd,
-                                 local_only=False, mcast_pkt=True)
+        self.check_encapsulation(
+            pkt, self.mcast_flood_bd, local_only=False, mcast_pkt=True
+        )
 
         # payload = self.decapsulate(pkt)
         # self.assert_eq_pkts(payload, self.frame_reply)
@@ -240,13 +255,15 @@ class TestGtpu(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
         ip_range_start = 10
         ip_range_end = ip_range_start + n_ucast_tunnels
         next_hop_address = cls.pg0.remote_ip4
-        for dest_ip4 in ip4_range(next_hop_address, ip_range_start,
-                                  ip_range_end):
+        for dest_ip4 in ip4_range(next_hop_address, ip_range_start, ip_range_end):
             # add host route so dest_ip4 will not be resolved
-            rip = VppIpRoute(cls, dest_ip4, 32,
-                             [VppRoutePath(next_hop_address,
-                                           INVALID_INDEX)],
-                             register=False)
+            rip = VppIpRoute(
+                cls,
+                dest_ip4,
+                32,
+                [VppRoutePath(next_hop_address, INVALID_INDEX)],
+                register=False,
+            )
             rip.add_vpp_config()
             r = cls.vapi.gtpu_add_del_tunnel(
                 is_add=True,
@@ -254,9 +271,11 @@ class TestGtpu(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
                 decap_next_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
                 src_address=cls.pg0.local_ip4,
                 dst_address=dest_ip4,
-                teid=teid)
-            cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(rx_sw_if_index=r.sw_if_index,
-                                                bd_id=teid)
+                teid=teid,
+            )
+            cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
+                rx_sw_if_index=r.sw_if_index, bd_id=teid
+            )
 
     @classmethod
     def add_del_shared_mcast_dst_load(cls, is_add):
@@ -274,8 +293,9 @@ class TestGtpu(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
                 dst_address=cls.mcast_ip4,
                 mcast_sw_if_index=1,
                 teid=teid,
-                is_add=is_add)
-            if r.sw_if_index == 0xffffffff:
+                is_add=is_add,
+            )
+            if r.sw_if_index == 0xFFFFFFFF:
                 raise ValueError("bad sw_if_index: ~0")
 
     @classmethod
@@ -294,16 +314,16 @@ class TestGtpu(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
         n_distinct_dst_tunnels = 20
         ip_range_start = 10
         ip_range_end = ip_range_start + n_distinct_dst_tunnels
-        for dest_ip4 in ip4_range(cls.mcast_ip4, ip_range_start,
-                                  ip_range_end):
-            teid = int(dest_ip4.split('.')[3])
+        for dest_ip4 in ip4_range(cls.mcast_ip4, ip_range_start, ip_range_end):
+            teid = int(dest_ip4.split(".")[3])
             cls.vapi.gtpu_add_del_tunnel(
                 decap_next_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
                 src_address=cls.pg0.local_ip4,
                 dst_address=dest_ip4,
                 mcast_sw_if_index=1,
                 teid=teid,
-                is_add=is_add)
+                is_add=is_add,
+            )
 
     @classmethod
     def add_mcast_tunnels_load(cls):
@@ -324,7 +344,7 @@ class TestGtpu(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
 
         try:
             cls.dport = 2152
-            cls.gtp_type = 0xff
+            cls.gtp_type = 0xFF
 
             # Create 2 pg interfaces.
             cls.create_pg_interfaces(range(4))
@@ -338,7 +358,7 @@ class TestGtpu(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
             cls.pg0.resolve_arp()
 
             # Our Multicast address
-            cls.mcast_ip4 = '239.1.1.1'
+            cls.mcast_ip4 = "239.1.1.1"
             cls.mcast_mac = util.mcast_ip_to_mac(cls.mcast_ip4)
 
             # Create GTPU VTEP on VPP pg0, and put gtpu_tunnel0 and pg1
@@ -351,28 +371,33 @@ class TestGtpu(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
                 decap_next_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
                 src_address=cls.pg0.local_ip4,
                 dst_address=cls.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                teid=cls.single_tunnel_vni)
-            cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(rx_sw_if_index=r.sw_if_index,
-                                                bd_id=cls.single_tunnel_bd)
+                teid=cls.single_tunnel_vni,
+            )
             cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-                rx_sw_if_index=cls.pg1.sw_if_index, bd_id=cls.single_tunnel_bd)
+                rx_sw_if_index=r.sw_if_index, bd_id=cls.single_tunnel_bd
+            )
+            cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
+                rx_sw_if_index=cls.pg1.sw_if_index, bd_id=cls.single_tunnel_bd
+            )
 
             # Setup teid 2 to test multicast flooding
             cls.n_ucast_tunnels = 10
             cls.mcast_flood_bd = 12
-            cls.create_gtpu_flood_test_bd(cls.mcast_flood_bd,
-                                          cls.n_ucast_tunnels)
+            cls.create_gtpu_flood_test_bd(cls.mcast_flood_bd, cls.n_ucast_tunnels)
             r = cls.vapi.gtpu_add_del_tunnel(
                 is_add=True,
                 src_address=cls.pg0.local_ip4,
                 dst_address=cls.mcast_ip4,
                 mcast_sw_if_index=1,
                 decap_next_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
-                teid=cls.mcast_flood_bd)
-            cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(rx_sw_if_index=r.sw_if_index,
-                                                bd_id=cls.mcast_flood_bd)
+                teid=cls.mcast_flood_bd,
+            )
             cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-                rx_sw_if_index=cls.pg2.sw_if_index, bd_id=cls.mcast_flood_bd)
+                rx_sw_if_index=r.sw_if_index, bd_id=cls.mcast_flood_bd
+            )
+            cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
+                rx_sw_if_index=cls.pg2.sw_if_index, bd_id=cls.mcast_flood_bd
+            )
 
             # Add and delete mcast tunnels to check stability
             cls.add_shared_mcast_dst_load()
@@ -382,10 +407,10 @@ class TestGtpu(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
 
             # Setup teid 3 to test unicast flooding
             cls.ucast_flood_bd = 13
-            cls.create_gtpu_flood_test_bd(cls.ucast_flood_bd,
-                                          cls.n_ucast_tunnels)
+            cls.create_gtpu_flood_test_bd(cls.ucast_flood_bd, cls.n_ucast_tunnels)
             cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-                rx_sw_if_index=cls.pg3.sw_if_index, bd_id=cls.ucast_flood_bd)
+                rx_sw_if_index=cls.pg3.sw_if_index, bd_id=cls.ucast_flood_bd
+            )
         except Exception:
             super(TestGtpu, cls).tearDownClass()
             raise
@@ -409,5 +434,5 @@ class TestGtpu(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show trace"))
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_http.py b/test/test_http.py
index 193eb010a10..30fee5b98c5 100644
--- a/test/test_http.py
+++ b/test/test_http.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ from vpp_devices import VppTAPInterface
 
 @unittest.skip("Requires root")
 class TestHttpTps(VppTestCase):
-    """ HTTP test class """
+    """HTTP test class"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -22,21 +22,21 @@ class TestHttpTps(VppTestCase):
         super(TestHttpTps, cls).tearDownClass()
 
     def setUp(self):
-        self.client_ip4 = '172.0.0.2'
-        self.server_ip4 = '172.0.0.1'
-        self.vapi.cli(f'create tap id 0 host-ip4-addr {self.client_ip4}/24')
-        self.vapi.cli(f'set int ip addr tap0 {self.server_ip4}/24')
-        self.vapi.cli('set int state tap0 up')
+        self.client_ip4 = "172.0.0.2"
+        self.server_ip4 = "172.0.0.1"
+        self.vapi.cli(f"create tap id 0 host-ip4-addr {self.client_ip4}/24")
+        self.vapi.cli(f"set int ip addr tap0 {self.server_ip4}/24")
+        self.vapi.cli("set int state tap0 up")
         self.vapi.session_enable_disable(is_enable=1)
 
     def test_http_tps(self):
-        fname = 'test_file_1M'
-        self.vapi.cli('http tps uri tcp://0.0.0.0/8080')
+        fname = "test_file_1M"
+        self.vapi.cli("http tps uri tcp://0.0.0.0/8080")
         con = http.client.HTTPConnection(f"{self.server_ip4}", 8080)
-        con.request('GET', f'/{fname}')
+        con.request("GET", f"/{fname}")
         r = con.getresponse()
         self.assertEqual(len(r.read()), 1 << 20)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_igmp.py b/test/test_igmp.py
index f99bdb25c8c..6e9defd4c1d 100644
--- a/test/test_igmp.py
+++ b/test/test_igmp.py
@@ -9,8 +9,15 @@ from scapy.contrib.igmpv3 import IGMPv3, IGMPv3gr, IGMPv3mq, IGMPv3mr
 
 from framework import tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 from framework import VppTestCase, VppTestRunner
-from vpp_igmp import find_igmp_state, IGMP_FILTER, IgmpRecord, IGMP_MODE, \
-    IgmpSG, VppHostState, wait_for_igmp_event
+from vpp_igmp import (
+    find_igmp_state,
+    IGMP_FILTER,
+    IgmpRecord,
+    IGMP_MODE,
+    IgmpSG,
+    VppHostState,
+    wait_for_igmp_event,
+)
 from vpp_ip_route import find_mroute, VppIpTable
 
 
@@ -21,7 +28,7 @@ class IgmpMode:
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 class TestIgmp(VppTestCase):
-    """ IGMP Test Case """
+    """IGMP Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -63,16 +70,16 @@ class TestIgmp(VppTestCase):
         self.pg_start()
 
     def test_igmp_flush(self):
-        """ IGMP Link Up/down and Flush """
+        """IGMP Link Up/down and Flush"""
 
         #
         # FIX THIS. Link down.
         #
 
     def test_igmp_enable(self):
-        """ IGMP enable/disable on an interface
+        """IGMP enable/disable on an interface
 
-        check for the addition/removal of the IGMP mroutes """
+        check for the addition/removal of the IGMP mroutes"""
 
         self.vapi.igmp_enable_disable(self.pg0.sw_if_index, 1, IGMP_MODE.HOST)
         self.vapi.igmp_enable_disable(self.pg1.sw_if_index, 1, IGMP_MODE.HOST)
@@ -83,10 +90,8 @@ class TestIgmp(VppTestCase):
         self.vapi.igmp_enable_disable(self.pg2.sw_if_index, 1, IGMP_MODE.HOST)
         self.vapi.igmp_enable_disable(self.pg3.sw_if_index, 1, IGMP_MODE.HOST)
 
-        self.assertTrue(find_mroute(self, "224.0.0.1", "0.0.0.0", 32,
-                                    table_id=1))
-        self.assertTrue(find_mroute(self, "224.0.0.22", "0.0.0.0", 32,
-                                    table_id=1))
+        self.assertTrue(find_mroute(self, "224.0.0.1", "0.0.0.0", 32, table_id=1))
+        self.assertTrue(find_mroute(self, "224.0.0.22", "0.0.0.0", 32, table_id=1))
         self.vapi.igmp_enable_disable(self.pg0.sw_if_index, 0, IGMP_MODE.HOST)
         self.vapi.igmp_enable_disable(self.pg1.sw_if_index, 0, IGMP_MODE.HOST)
         self.vapi.igmp_enable_disable(self.pg2.sw_if_index, 0, IGMP_MODE.HOST)
@@ -94,10 +99,8 @@ class TestIgmp(VppTestCase):
 
         self.assertTrue(find_mroute(self, "224.0.0.1", "0.0.0.0", 32))
         self.assertFalse(find_mroute(self, "224.0.0.22", "0.0.0.0", 32))
-        self.assertTrue(find_mroute(self, "224.0.0.1", "0.0.0.0", 32,
-                                    table_id=1))
-        self.assertFalse(find_mroute(self, "224.0.0.22", "0.0.0.0", 32,
-                                     table_id=1))
+        self.assertTrue(find_mroute(self, "224.0.0.1", "0.0.0.0", 32, table_id=1))
+        self.assertFalse(find_mroute(self, "224.0.0.22", "0.0.0.0", 32, table_id=1))
 
     def verify_general_query(self, p):
         ip = p[IP]
@@ -126,8 +129,9 @@ class TestIgmp(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(len(ip.options), 1)
         self.assertEqual(ip.options[0].option, 20)
         self.assertEqual(ip.proto, 2)
-        self.assertEqual(IGMPv3.igmpv3types[rx[IGMPv3].type],
-                         "Version 3 Membership Report")
+        self.assertEqual(
+            IGMPv3.igmpv3types[rx[IGMPv3].type], "Version 3 Membership Report"
+        )
         self.assertEqual(rx[IGMPv3mr].numgrp, len(records))
 
         received = rx[IGMPv3mr].records
@@ -140,26 +144,20 @@ class TestIgmp(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(gr.maddr, r.sg.gaddr)
             self.assertEqual(len(gr.srcaddrs), len(r.sg.saddrs))
 
-            self.assertEqual(sorted(gr.srcaddrs),
-                             sorted(r.sg.saddrs))
+            self.assertEqual(sorted(gr.srcaddrs), sorted(r.sg.saddrs))
 
     def add_group(self, itf, sg, n_pkts=2):
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
-        hs = VppHostState(self,
-                          IGMP_FILTER.INCLUDE,
-                          itf.sw_if_index,
-                          sg)
+        hs = VppHostState(self, IGMP_FILTER.INCLUDE, itf.sw_if_index, sg)
         hs.add_vpp_config()
 
         capture = itf.get_capture(n_pkts, timeout=10)
 
         # reports are transmitted twice due to default rebostness value=2
-        self.verify_report(capture[0],
-                           [IgmpRecord(sg, "Allow New Sources")]),
-        self.verify_report(capture[1],
-                           [IgmpRecord(sg, "Allow New Sources")]),
+        self.verify_report(capture[0], [IgmpRecord(sg, "Allow New Sources")]),
+        self.verify_report(capture[1], [IgmpRecord(sg, "Allow New Sources")]),
 
         return hs
 
@@ -170,18 +168,15 @@ class TestIgmp(VppTestCase):
 
         capture = self.pg0.get_capture(1, timeout=10)
 
-        self.verify_report(capture[0],
-                           [IgmpRecord(hs.sg, "Block Old Sources")])
+        self.verify_report(capture[0], [IgmpRecord(hs.sg, "Block Old Sources")])
 
     def test_igmp_host(self):
-        """ IGMP Host functions """
+        """IGMP Host functions"""
 
         #
         # Enable interface for host functions
         #
-        self.vapi.igmp_enable_disable(self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                      1,
-                                      IGMP_MODE.HOST)
+        self.vapi.igmp_enable_disable(self.pg0.sw_if_index, 1, IGMP_MODE.HOST)
 
         #
         # Add one S,G of state and expect a state-change event report
@@ -192,8 +187,7 @@ class TestIgmp(VppTestCase):
         # search for the corresponding state created in VPP
         dump = self.vapi.igmp_dump(self.pg0.sw_if_index)
         self.assertEqual(len(dump), 1)
-        self.assertTrue(find_igmp_state(dump, self.pg0,
-                                        "239.1.1.1", "1.1.1.1"))
+        self.assertTrue(find_igmp_state(dump, self.pg0, "239.1.1.1", "1.1.1.1"))
 
         #
         # Send a general query (to the all router's address)
@@ -201,61 +195,81 @@ class TestIgmp(VppTestCase):
         # Pad the query with 0 - some devices in the big wild
         # internet are prone to this.
         #
-        p_g = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-               IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst='224.0.0.1', tos=0xc0) /
-               IGMPv3(type="Membership Query", mrcode=100) /
-               IGMPv3mq(gaddr="0.0.0.0") /
-               Raw(b'\x00' * 10))
+        p_g = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="224.0.0.1", tos=0xC0)
+            / IGMPv3(type="Membership Query", mrcode=100)
+            / IGMPv3mq(gaddr="0.0.0.0")
+            / Raw(b"\x00" * 10)
+        )
 
         self.send(self.pg0, p_g)
 
         capture = self.pg0.get_capture(1, timeout=10)
-        self.verify_report(capture[0],
-                           [IgmpRecord(h1.sg, "Mode Is Include")])
+        self.verify_report(capture[0], [IgmpRecord(h1.sg, "Mode Is Include")])
 
         #
         # Group specific query
         #
-        p_gs = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst='239.1.1.1', tos=0xc0,
-                   options=[IPOption(copy_flag=1, optclass="control",
-                                     option="router_alert")]) /
-                IGMPv3(type="Membership Query", mrcode=100) /
-                IGMPv3mq(gaddr="239.1.1.1"))
+        p_gs = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(
+                src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                dst="239.1.1.1",
+                tos=0xC0,
+                options=[
+                    IPOption(copy_flag=1, optclass="control", option="router_alert")
+                ],
+            )
+            / IGMPv3(type="Membership Query", mrcode=100)
+            / IGMPv3mq(gaddr="239.1.1.1")
+        )
 
         self.send(self.pg0, p_gs)
 
         capture = self.pg0.get_capture(1, timeout=10)
-        self.verify_report(capture[0],
-                           [IgmpRecord(h1.sg, "Mode Is Include")])
+        self.verify_report(capture[0], [IgmpRecord(h1.sg, "Mode Is Include")])
 
         #
         # A group and source specific query, with the source matching
         # the source VPP has
         #
-        p_gs1 = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst='239.1.1.1', tos=0xc0,
-                    options=[IPOption(copy_flag=1, optclass="control",
-                                      option="router_alert")]) /
-                 IGMPv3(type="Membership Query", mrcode=100) /
-                 IGMPv3mq(gaddr="239.1.1.1", srcaddrs=["1.1.1.1"]))
+        p_gs1 = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(
+                src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                dst="239.1.1.1",
+                tos=0xC0,
+                options=[
+                    IPOption(copy_flag=1, optclass="control", option="router_alert")
+                ],
+            )
+            / IGMPv3(type="Membership Query", mrcode=100)
+            / IGMPv3mq(gaddr="239.1.1.1", srcaddrs=["1.1.1.1"])
+        )
 
         self.send(self.pg0, p_gs1)
 
         capture = self.pg0.get_capture(1, timeout=10)
-        self.verify_report(capture[0],
-                           [IgmpRecord(h1.sg, "Mode Is Include")])
+        self.verify_report(capture[0], [IgmpRecord(h1.sg, "Mode Is Include")])
 
         #
         # A group and source specific query that reports more sources
         # than the packet actually has.
         #
-        p_gs2 = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst='239.1.1.1', tos=0xc0,
-                    options=[IPOption(copy_flag=1, optclass="control",
-                                      option="router_alert")]) /
-                 IGMPv3(type="Membership Query", mrcode=100) /
-                 IGMPv3mq(gaddr="239.1.1.1", numsrc=4, srcaddrs=["1.1.1.1"]))
+        p_gs2 = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(
+                src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                dst="239.1.1.1",
+                tos=0xC0,
+                options=[
+                    IPOption(copy_flag=1, optclass="control", option="router_alert")
+                ],
+            )
+            / IGMPv3(type="Membership Query", mrcode=100)
+            / IGMPv3mq(gaddr="239.1.1.1", numsrc=4, srcaddrs=["1.1.1.1"])
+        )
 
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p_gs2, timeout=10)
 
@@ -263,12 +277,19 @@ class TestIgmp(VppTestCase):
         # A group and source specific query, with the source NOT matching
         # the source VPP has. There should be no response.
         #
-        p_gs2 = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst='239.1.1.1', tos=0xc0,
-                    options=[IPOption(copy_flag=1, optclass="control",
-                                      option="router_alert")]) /
-                 IGMPv3(type="Membership Query", mrcode=100) /
-                 IGMPv3mq(gaddr="239.1.1.1", srcaddrs=["1.1.1.2"]))
+        p_gs2 = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(
+                src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                dst="239.1.1.1",
+                tos=0xC0,
+                options=[
+                    IPOption(copy_flag=1, optclass="control", option="router_alert")
+                ],
+            )
+            / IGMPv3(type="Membership Query", mrcode=100)
+            / IGMPv3mq(gaddr="239.1.1.1", srcaddrs=["1.1.1.2"])
+        )
 
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p_gs2, timeout=10)
 
@@ -277,19 +298,24 @@ class TestIgmp(VppTestCase):
         # one of which matches the source VPP has.
         # The report should contain only the source VPP has.
         #
-        p_gs3 = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst='239.1.1.1', tos=0xc0,
-                    options=[IPOption(copy_flag=1, optclass="control",
-                                      option="router_alert")]) /
-                 IGMPv3(type="Membership Query", mrcode=100) /
-                 IGMPv3mq(gaddr="239.1.1.1",
-                          srcaddrs=["1.1.1.1", "1.1.1.2", "1.1.1.3"]))
+        p_gs3 = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(
+                src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                dst="239.1.1.1",
+                tos=0xC0,
+                options=[
+                    IPOption(copy_flag=1, optclass="control", option="router_alert")
+                ],
+            )
+            / IGMPv3(type="Membership Query", mrcode=100)
+            / IGMPv3mq(gaddr="239.1.1.1", srcaddrs=["1.1.1.1", "1.1.1.2", "1.1.1.3"])
+        )
 
         self.send(self.pg0, p_gs3)
 
         capture = self.pg0.get_capture(1, timeout=10)
-        self.verify_report(capture[0],
-                           [IgmpRecord(h1.sg, "Mode Is Include")])
+        self.verify_report(capture[0], [IgmpRecord(h1.sg, "Mode Is Include")])
 
         #
         # Two source and group specific queries in quick succession, the
@@ -297,13 +323,11 @@ class TestIgmp(VppTestCase):
         #
         self.send(self.pg0, [p_gs2, p_gs1])
         capture = self.pg0.get_capture(1, timeout=10)
-        self.verify_report(capture[0],
-                           [IgmpRecord(h1.sg, "Mode Is Include")])
+        self.verify_report(capture[0], [IgmpRecord(h1.sg, "Mode Is Include")])
 
         self.send(self.pg0, [p_gs1, p_gs2])
         capture = self.pg0.get_capture(1, timeout=10)
-        self.verify_report(capture[0],
-                           [IgmpRecord(h1.sg, "Mode Is Include")])
+        self.verify_report(capture[0], [IgmpRecord(h1.sg, "Mode Is Include")])
 
         #
         # remove state, expect the report for the removal
@@ -316,16 +340,15 @@ class TestIgmp(VppTestCase):
         #
         # A group with multiple sources
         #
-        h2 = self.add_group(self.pg0,
-                            IgmpSG("239.1.1.1",
-                                   ["1.1.1.1", "1.1.1.2", "1.1.1.3"]))
+        h2 = self.add_group(
+            self.pg0, IgmpSG("239.1.1.1", ["1.1.1.1", "1.1.1.2", "1.1.1.3"])
+        )
 
         # search for the corresponding state created in VPP
         dump = self.vapi.igmp_dump(self.pg0.sw_if_index)
         self.assertEqual(len(dump), 3)
         for s in h2.sg.saddrs:
-            self.assertTrue(find_igmp_state(dump, self.pg0,
-                                            "239.1.1.1", s))
+            self.assertTrue(find_igmp_state(dump, self.pg0, "239.1.1.1", s))
         #
         # Send a general query (to the all router's address)
         # expect VPP to respond with a membership report will all sources
@@ -333,53 +356,76 @@ class TestIgmp(VppTestCase):
         self.send(self.pg0, p_g)
 
         capture = self.pg0.get_capture(1, timeout=10)
-        self.verify_report(capture[0],
-                           [IgmpRecord(h2.sg, "Mode Is Include")])
+        self.verify_report(capture[0], [IgmpRecord(h2.sg, "Mode Is Include")])
 
         #
         # Group and source specific query; some present some not
         #
-        p_gs = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst='239.1.1.1', tos=0xc0,
-                   options=[IPOption(copy_flag=1, optclass="control",
-                                     option="router_alert")]) /
-                IGMPv3(type="Membership Query", mrcode=100) /
-                IGMPv3mq(gaddr="239.1.1.1",
-                         srcaddrs=["1.1.1.1", "1.1.1.2", "1.1.1.4"]))
+        p_gs = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(
+                src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                dst="239.1.1.1",
+                tos=0xC0,
+                options=[
+                    IPOption(copy_flag=1, optclass="control", option="router_alert")
+                ],
+            )
+            / IGMPv3(type="Membership Query", mrcode=100)
+            / IGMPv3mq(gaddr="239.1.1.1", srcaddrs=["1.1.1.1", "1.1.1.2", "1.1.1.4"])
+        )
 
         self.send(self.pg0, p_gs)
 
         capture = self.pg0.get_capture(1, timeout=10)
-        self.verify_report(capture[0],
-                           [IgmpRecord(
-                               IgmpSG('239.1.1.1', ["1.1.1.1", "1.1.1.2"]),
-                               "Mode Is Include")])
+        self.verify_report(
+            capture[0],
+            [
+                IgmpRecord(
+                    IgmpSG("239.1.1.1", ["1.1.1.1", "1.1.1.2"]), "Mode Is Include"
+                )
+            ],
+        )
 
         #
         # add loads more groups
         #
-        h3 = self.add_group(self.pg0,
-                            IgmpSG("239.1.1.2",
-                                   ["2.1.1.1", "2.1.1.2", "2.1.1.3"]))
-        h4 = self.add_group(self.pg0,
-                            IgmpSG("239.1.1.3",
-                                   ["3.1.1.1", "3.1.1.2", "3.1.1.3"]))
-        h5 = self.add_group(self.pg0,
-                            IgmpSG("239.1.1.4",
-                                   ["4.1.1.1", "4.1.1.2", "4.1.1.3"]))
-        h6 = self.add_group(self.pg0,
-                            IgmpSG("239.1.1.5",
-                                   ["5.1.1.1", "5.1.1.2", "5.1.1.3"]))
-        h7 = self.add_group(self.pg0,
-                            IgmpSG("239.1.1.6",
-                                   ["6.1.1.1", "6.1.1.2",
-                                    "6.1.1.3", "6.1.1.4",
-                                    "6.1.1.5", "6.1.1.6",
-                                    "6.1.1.7", "6.1.1.8",
-                                    "6.1.1.9", "6.1.1.10",
-                                    "6.1.1.11", "6.1.1.12",
-                                    "6.1.1.13", "6.1.1.14",
-                                    "6.1.1.15", "6.1.1.16"]))
+        h3 = self.add_group(
+            self.pg0, IgmpSG("239.1.1.2", ["2.1.1.1", "2.1.1.2", "2.1.1.3"])
+        )
+        h4 = self.add_group(
+            self.pg0, IgmpSG("239.1.1.3", ["3.1.1.1", "3.1.1.2", "3.1.1.3"])
+        )
+        h5 = self.add_group(
+            self.pg0, IgmpSG("239.1.1.4", ["4.1.1.1", "4.1.1.2", "4.1.1.3"])
+        )
+        h6 = self.add_group(
+            self.pg0, IgmpSG("239.1.1.5", ["5.1.1.1", "5.1.1.2", "5.1.1.3"])
+        )
+        h7 = self.add_group(
+            self.pg0,
+            IgmpSG(
+                "239.1.1.6",
+                [
+                    "6.1.1.1",
+                    "6.1.1.2",
+                    "6.1.1.3",
+                    "6.1.1.4",
+                    "6.1.1.5",
+                    "6.1.1.6",
+                    "6.1.1.7",
+                    "6.1.1.8",
+                    "6.1.1.9",
+                    "6.1.1.10",
+                    "6.1.1.11",
+                    "6.1.1.12",
+                    "6.1.1.13",
+                    "6.1.1.14",
+                    "6.1.1.15",
+                    "6.1.1.16",
+                ],
+            ),
+        )
 
         #
         # general query.
@@ -390,39 +436,59 @@ class TestIgmp(VppTestCase):
 
         capture = self.pg0.get_capture(1, timeout=10)
 
-        self.verify_report(capture[0],
-                           [IgmpRecord(h3.sg, "Mode Is Include"),
-                            IgmpRecord(h2.sg, "Mode Is Include"),
-                            IgmpRecord(h6.sg, "Mode Is Include"),
-                            IgmpRecord(h4.sg, "Mode Is Include"),
-                            IgmpRecord(h5.sg, "Mode Is Include"),
-                            IgmpRecord(h7.sg, "Mode Is Include")])
+        self.verify_report(
+            capture[0],
+            [
+                IgmpRecord(h3.sg, "Mode Is Include"),
+                IgmpRecord(h2.sg, "Mode Is Include"),
+                IgmpRecord(h6.sg, "Mode Is Include"),
+                IgmpRecord(h4.sg, "Mode Is Include"),
+                IgmpRecord(h5.sg, "Mode Is Include"),
+                IgmpRecord(h7.sg, "Mode Is Include"),
+            ],
+        )
 
         #
         # modify a group to add and remove some sources
         #
-        h7.sg = IgmpSG("239.1.1.6",
-                       ["6.1.1.1", "6.1.1.2",
-                        "6.1.1.5", "6.1.1.6",
-                        "6.1.1.7", "6.1.1.8",
-                        "6.1.1.9", "6.1.1.10",
-                        "6.1.1.11", "6.1.1.12",
-                        "6.1.1.13", "6.1.1.14",
-                        "6.1.1.15", "6.1.1.16",
-                        "6.1.1.17", "6.1.1.18"])
+        h7.sg = IgmpSG(
+            "239.1.1.6",
+            [
+                "6.1.1.1",
+                "6.1.1.2",
+                "6.1.1.5",
+                "6.1.1.6",
+                "6.1.1.7",
+                "6.1.1.8",
+                "6.1.1.9",
+                "6.1.1.10",
+                "6.1.1.11",
+                "6.1.1.12",
+                "6.1.1.13",
+                "6.1.1.14",
+                "6.1.1.15",
+                "6.1.1.16",
+                "6.1.1.17",
+                "6.1.1.18",
+            ],
+        )
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
         h7.add_vpp_config()
 
         capture = self.pg0.get_capture(1, timeout=10)
-        self.verify_report(capture[0],
-                           [IgmpRecord(IgmpSG("239.1.1.6",
-                                              ["6.1.1.17", "6.1.1.18"]),
-                                       "Allow New Sources"),
-                            IgmpRecord(IgmpSG("239.1.1.6",
-                                              ["6.1.1.3", "6.1.1.4"]),
-                                       "Block Old Sources")])
+        self.verify_report(
+            capture[0],
+            [
+                IgmpRecord(
+                    IgmpSG("239.1.1.6", ["6.1.1.17", "6.1.1.18"]), "Allow New Sources"
+                ),
+                IgmpRecord(
+                    IgmpSG("239.1.1.6", ["6.1.1.3", "6.1.1.4"]), "Block Old Sources"
+                ),
+            ],
+        )
 
         #
         # add an additional groups with many sources so that each group
@@ -435,27 +501,26 @@ class TestIgmp(VppTestCase):
         for i in range(128):
             src_list.append("10.1.1.%d" % i)
 
-        h8 = self.add_group(self.pg0,
-                            IgmpSG("238.1.1.1", src_list))
-        h9 = self.add_group(self.pg0,
-                            IgmpSG("238.1.1.2", src_list))
+        h8 = self.add_group(self.pg0, IgmpSG("238.1.1.1", src_list))
+        h9 = self.add_group(self.pg0, IgmpSG("238.1.1.2", src_list))
 
         self.send(self.pg0, p_g)
 
         capture = self.pg0.get_capture(4, timeout=10)
 
-        self.verify_report(capture[0],
-                           [IgmpRecord(h3.sg, "Mode Is Include"),
-                            IgmpRecord(h2.sg, "Mode Is Include"),
-                            IgmpRecord(h6.sg, "Mode Is Include"),
-                            IgmpRecord(h4.sg, "Mode Is Include"),
-                            IgmpRecord(h5.sg, "Mode Is Include")])
-        self.verify_report(capture[1],
-                           [IgmpRecord(h8.sg, "Mode Is Include")])
-        self.verify_report(capture[2],
-                           [IgmpRecord(h7.sg, "Mode Is Include")])
-        self.verify_report(capture[3],
-                           [IgmpRecord(h9.sg, "Mode Is Include")])
+        self.verify_report(
+            capture[0],
+            [
+                IgmpRecord(h3.sg, "Mode Is Include"),
+                IgmpRecord(h2.sg, "Mode Is Include"),
+                IgmpRecord(h6.sg, "Mode Is Include"),
+                IgmpRecord(h4.sg, "Mode Is Include"),
+                IgmpRecord(h5.sg, "Mode Is Include"),
+            ],
+        )
+        self.verify_report(capture[1], [IgmpRecord(h8.sg, "Mode Is Include")])
+        self.verify_report(capture[2], [IgmpRecord(h7.sg, "Mode Is Include")])
+        self.verify_report(capture[3], [IgmpRecord(h9.sg, "Mode Is Include")])
 
         #
         # drop the MTU further (so a 128 sized group won't fit)
@@ -465,10 +530,12 @@ class TestIgmp(VppTestCase):
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
-        h10 = VppHostState(self,
-                           IGMP_FILTER.INCLUDE,
-                           self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                           IgmpSG("238.1.1.3", src_list))
+        h10 = VppHostState(
+            self,
+            IGMP_FILTER.INCLUDE,
+            self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+            IgmpSG("238.1.1.3", src_list),
+        )
         h10.add_vpp_config()
 
         capture = self.pg0.get_capture(2, timeout=10)
@@ -498,32 +565,51 @@ class TestIgmp(VppTestCase):
         #  ADD STATE ON MORE INTERFACES
         #
 
-        self.vapi.igmp_enable_disable(self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                      0,
-                                      IGMP_MODE.HOST)
+        self.vapi.igmp_enable_disable(self.pg0.sw_if_index, 0, IGMP_MODE.HOST)
 
     def test_igmp_router(self):
-        """ IGMP Router Functions """
+        """IGMP Router Functions"""
 
         #
         # Drop reports when not enabled
         #
-        p_j = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-               IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="224.0.0.22", tos=0xc0, ttl=1,
-                  options=[IPOption(copy_flag=1, optclass="control",
-                                    option="router_alert")]) /
-               IGMPv3(type="Version 3 Membership Report") /
-               IGMPv3mr(numgrp=1) /
-               IGMPv3gr(rtype="Allow New Sources",
-                        maddr="239.1.1.1", srcaddrs=["10.1.1.1", "10.1.1.2"]))
-        p_l = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-               IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="224.0.0.22", tos=0xc0,
-                  options=[IPOption(copy_flag=1, optclass="control",
-                                    option="router_alert")]) /
-               IGMPv3(type="Version 3 Membership Report") /
-               IGMPv3mr(numgrp=1) /
-               IGMPv3gr(rtype="Block Old Sources",
-                        maddr="239.1.1.1", srcaddrs=["10.1.1.1", "10.1.1.2"]))
+        p_j = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(
+                src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                dst="224.0.0.22",
+                tos=0xC0,
+                ttl=1,
+                options=[
+                    IPOption(copy_flag=1, optclass="control", option="router_alert")
+                ],
+            )
+            / IGMPv3(type="Version 3 Membership Report")
+            / IGMPv3mr(numgrp=1)
+            / IGMPv3gr(
+                rtype="Allow New Sources",
+                maddr="239.1.1.1",
+                srcaddrs=["10.1.1.1", "10.1.1.2"],
+            )
+        )
+        p_l = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(
+                src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                dst="224.0.0.22",
+                tos=0xC0,
+                options=[
+                    IPOption(copy_flag=1, optclass="control", option="router_alert")
+                ],
+            )
+            / IGMPv3(type="Version 3 Membership Report")
+            / IGMPv3mr(numgrp=1)
+            / IGMPv3gr(
+                rtype="Block Old Sources",
+                maddr="239.1.1.1",
+                srcaddrs=["10.1.1.1", "10.1.1.2"],
+            )
+        )
 
         self.send(self.pg0, p_j)
         self.assertFalse(self.vapi.igmp_dump())
@@ -539,9 +625,7 @@ class TestIgmp(VppTestCase):
         #
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
-        self.vapi.igmp_enable_disable(self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                      1,
-                                      IGMP_MODE.ROUTER)
+        self.vapi.igmp_enable_disable(self.pg0.sw_if_index, 1, IGMP_MODE.ROUTER)
         self.vapi.want_igmp_events(1)
 
         #
@@ -559,26 +643,28 @@ class TestIgmp(VppTestCase):
         #
         self.send(self.pg0, p_j)
 
-        self.assertTrue(wait_for_igmp_event(self, 1, self.pg0,
-                                            "239.1.1.1", "10.1.1.1", 1))
-        self.assertTrue(wait_for_igmp_event(self, 1, self.pg0,
-                                            "239.1.1.1", "10.1.1.2", 1))
+        self.assertTrue(
+            wait_for_igmp_event(self, 1, self.pg0, "239.1.1.1", "10.1.1.1", 1)
+        )
+        self.assertTrue(
+            wait_for_igmp_event(self, 1, self.pg0, "239.1.1.1", "10.1.1.2", 1)
+        )
         dump = self.vapi.igmp_dump(self.pg0.sw_if_index)
         self.assertEqual(len(dump), 2)
-        self.assertTrue(find_igmp_state(dump, self.pg0,
-                                        "239.1.1.1", "10.1.1.1"))
-        self.assertTrue(find_igmp_state(dump, self.pg0,
-                                        "239.1.1.1", "10.1.1.2"))
+        self.assertTrue(find_igmp_state(dump, self.pg0, "239.1.1.1", "10.1.1.1"))
+        self.assertTrue(find_igmp_state(dump, self.pg0, "239.1.1.1", "10.1.1.2"))
 
         #
         # wait for the per-source timer to expire
         # the state should be reaped
         # VPP sends a notification that the group has been left
         #
-        self.assertTrue(wait_for_igmp_event(self, 4, self.pg0,
-                                            "239.1.1.1", "10.1.1.1", 0))
-        self.assertTrue(wait_for_igmp_event(self, 1, self.pg0,
-                                            "239.1.1.1", "10.1.1.2", 0))
+        self.assertTrue(
+            wait_for_igmp_event(self, 4, self.pg0, "239.1.1.1", "10.1.1.1", 0)
+        )
+        self.assertTrue(
+            wait_for_igmp_event(self, 1, self.pg0, "239.1.1.1", "10.1.1.2", 0)
+        )
         self.assertFalse(self.vapi.igmp_dump())
 
         #
@@ -589,10 +675,12 @@ class TestIgmp(VppTestCase):
         # expired in 3 seconds.
         #
         self.send(self.pg0, p_j)
-        self.assertTrue(wait_for_igmp_event(self, 1, self.pg0,
-                                            "239.1.1.1", "10.1.1.1", 1))
-        self.assertTrue(wait_for_igmp_event(self, 1, self.pg0,
-                                            "239.1.1.1", "10.1.1.2", 1))
+        self.assertTrue(
+            wait_for_igmp_event(self, 1, self.pg0, "239.1.1.1", "10.1.1.1", 1)
+        )
+        self.assertTrue(
+            wait_for_igmp_event(self, 1, self.pg0, "239.1.1.1", "10.1.1.2", 1)
+        )
         dump = self.vapi.igmp_dump(self.pg0.sw_if_index)
         self.assertEqual(len(dump), 2)
 
@@ -600,33 +688,43 @@ class TestIgmp(VppTestCase):
         self.verify_general_query(capture[0])
         self.verify_general_query(capture[1])
 
-        p_cs = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="224.0.0.22", tos=0xc0,
-                   options=[IPOption(copy_flag=1, optclass="control",
-                                     option="router_alert")]) /
-                IGMPv3(type="Version 3 Membership Report") /
-                IGMPv3mr(numgrp=1) /
-                IGMPv3gr(rtype="Mode Is Include",
-                         maddr="239.1.1.1", srcaddrs=["10.1.1.1", "10.1.1.2"]))
+        p_cs = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(
+                src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                dst="224.0.0.22",
+                tos=0xC0,
+                options=[
+                    IPOption(copy_flag=1, optclass="control", option="router_alert")
+                ],
+            )
+            / IGMPv3(type="Version 3 Membership Report")
+            / IGMPv3mr(numgrp=1)
+            / IGMPv3gr(
+                rtype="Mode Is Include",
+                maddr="239.1.1.1",
+                srcaddrs=["10.1.1.1", "10.1.1.2"],
+            )
+        )
 
         self.send(self.pg0, p_cs)
 
         self.sleep(2)
         dump = self.vapi.igmp_dump(self.pg0.sw_if_index)
         self.assertEqual(len(dump), 2)
-        self.assertTrue(find_igmp_state(dump, self.pg0,
-                                        "239.1.1.1", "10.1.1.1"))
-        self.assertTrue(find_igmp_state(dump, self.pg0,
-                                        "239.1.1.1", "10.1.1.2"))
+        self.assertTrue(find_igmp_state(dump, self.pg0, "239.1.1.1", "10.1.1.1"))
+        self.assertTrue(find_igmp_state(dump, self.pg0, "239.1.1.1", "10.1.1.2"))
 
         #
         # wait for the per-source timer to expire
         # the state should be reaped
         #
-        self.assertTrue(wait_for_igmp_event(self, 4, self.pg0,
-                                            "239.1.1.1", "10.1.1.1", 0))
-        self.assertTrue(wait_for_igmp_event(self, 1, self.pg0,
-                                            "239.1.1.1", "10.1.1.2", 0))
+        self.assertTrue(
+            wait_for_igmp_event(self, 4, self.pg0, "239.1.1.1", "10.1.1.1", 0)
+        )
+        self.assertTrue(
+            wait_for_igmp_event(self, 1, self.pg0, "239.1.1.1", "10.1.1.2", 0)
+        )
         self.assertFalse(self.vapi.igmp_dump())
 
         #
@@ -635,203 +733,261 @@ class TestIgmp(VppTestCase):
         #
         self.send(self.pg0, p_j)
 
-        self.assertTrue(wait_for_igmp_event(self, 1, self.pg0,
-                                            "239.1.1.1", "10.1.1.1", 1))
-        self.assertTrue(wait_for_igmp_event(self, 1, self.pg0,
-                                            "239.1.1.1", "10.1.1.2", 1))
+        self.assertTrue(
+            wait_for_igmp_event(self, 1, self.pg0, "239.1.1.1", "10.1.1.1", 1)
+        )
+        self.assertTrue(
+            wait_for_igmp_event(self, 1, self.pg0, "239.1.1.1", "10.1.1.2", 1)
+        )
         dump = self.vapi.igmp_dump(self.pg0.sw_if_index)
         self.assertEqual(len(dump), 2)
 
         self.send(self.pg0, p_l)
         capture = self.pg0.get_capture(1, timeout=3)
-        self.verify_group_query(capture[0], "239.1.1.1",
-                                ["10.1.1.1", "10.1.1.2"])
+        self.verify_group_query(capture[0], "239.1.1.1", ["10.1.1.1", "10.1.1.2"])
 
         #
         # the group specific query drops the timeout to leave (=1) seconds
         #
-        self.assertTrue(wait_for_igmp_event(self, 2, self.pg0,
-                                            "239.1.1.1", "10.1.1.1", 0))
-        self.assertTrue(wait_for_igmp_event(self, 1, self.pg0,
-                                            "239.1.1.1", "10.1.1.2", 0))
+        self.assertTrue(
+            wait_for_igmp_event(self, 2, self.pg0, "239.1.1.1", "10.1.1.1", 0)
+        )
+        self.assertTrue(
+            wait_for_igmp_event(self, 1, self.pg0, "239.1.1.1", "10.1.1.2", 0)
+        )
         self.assertFalse(self.vapi.igmp_dump())
         self.assertFalse(self.vapi.igmp_dump())
 
         #
         # a TO_EX({}) / IN_EX({}) is treated like a (*,G) join
         #
-        p_j = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-               IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="224.0.0.22", tos=0xc0, ttl=1,
-                  options=[IPOption(copy_flag=1, optclass="control",
-                                    option="router_alert")]) /
-               IGMPv3(type="Version 3 Membership Report") /
-               IGMPv3mr(numgrp=1) /
-               IGMPv3gr(rtype="Change To Exclude Mode", maddr="239.1.1.2"))
+        p_j = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(
+                src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                dst="224.0.0.22",
+                tos=0xC0,
+                ttl=1,
+                options=[
+                    IPOption(copy_flag=1, optclass="control", option="router_alert")
+                ],
+            )
+            / IGMPv3(type="Version 3 Membership Report")
+            / IGMPv3mr(numgrp=1)
+            / IGMPv3gr(rtype="Change To Exclude Mode", maddr="239.1.1.2")
+        )
 
         self.send(self.pg0, p_j)
 
-        self.assertTrue(wait_for_igmp_event(self, 1, self.pg0,
-                                            "239.1.1.2", "0.0.0.0", 1))
+        self.assertTrue(
+            wait_for_igmp_event(self, 1, self.pg0, "239.1.1.2", "0.0.0.0", 1)
+        )
 
-        p_j = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-               IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="224.0.0.22", tos=0xc0, ttl=1,
-                  options=[IPOption(copy_flag=1, optclass="control",
-                                    option="router_alert")]) /
-               IGMPv3(type="Version 3 Membership Report") /
-               IGMPv3mr(numgrp=1) /
-               IGMPv3gr(rtype="Mode Is Exclude", maddr="239.1.1.3"))
+        p_j = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(
+                src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                dst="224.0.0.22",
+                tos=0xC0,
+                ttl=1,
+                options=[
+                    IPOption(copy_flag=1, optclass="control", option="router_alert")
+                ],
+            )
+            / IGMPv3(type="Version 3 Membership Report")
+            / IGMPv3mr(numgrp=1)
+            / IGMPv3gr(rtype="Mode Is Exclude", maddr="239.1.1.3")
+        )
 
         self.send(self.pg0, p_j)
 
-        self.assertTrue(wait_for_igmp_event(self, 1, self.pg0,
-                                            "239.1.1.3", "0.0.0.0", 1))
+        self.assertTrue(
+            wait_for_igmp_event(self, 1, self.pg0, "239.1.1.3", "0.0.0.0", 1)
+        )
 
         #
         # A 'allow sources' for {} should be ignored as it should
         # never be sent.
         #
-        p_j = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-               IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="224.0.0.22", tos=0xc0, ttl=1,
-                  options=[IPOption(copy_flag=1, optclass="control",
-                                    option="router_alert")]) /
-               IGMPv3(type="Version 3 Membership Report") /
-               IGMPv3mr(numgrp=1) /
-               IGMPv3gr(rtype="Allow New Sources", maddr="239.1.1.4"))
+        p_j = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(
+                src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                dst="224.0.0.22",
+                tos=0xC0,
+                ttl=1,
+                options=[
+                    IPOption(copy_flag=1, optclass="control", option="router_alert")
+                ],
+            )
+            / IGMPv3(type="Version 3 Membership Report")
+            / IGMPv3mr(numgrp=1)
+            / IGMPv3gr(rtype="Allow New Sources", maddr="239.1.1.4")
+        )
 
         self.send(self.pg0, p_j)
 
         dump = self.vapi.igmp_dump(self.pg0.sw_if_index)
-        self.assertTrue(find_igmp_state(dump, self.pg0,
-                                        "239.1.1.2", "0.0.0.0"))
-        self.assertTrue(find_igmp_state(dump, self.pg0,
-                                        "239.1.1.3", "0.0.0.0"))
-        self.assertFalse(find_igmp_state(dump, self.pg0,
-                                         "239.1.1.4", "0.0.0.0"))
+        self.assertTrue(find_igmp_state(dump, self.pg0, "239.1.1.2", "0.0.0.0"))
+        self.assertTrue(find_igmp_state(dump, self.pg0, "239.1.1.3", "0.0.0.0"))
+        self.assertFalse(find_igmp_state(dump, self.pg0, "239.1.1.4", "0.0.0.0"))
 
         #
         # a TO_IN({}) and IS_IN({}) are treated like a (*,G) leave
         #
         self.vapi.cli("set logging class igmp level debug")
-        p_l = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-               IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="224.0.0.22", tos=0xc0, ttl=1,
-                  options=[IPOption(copy_flag=1, optclass="control",
-                                    option="router_alert")]) /
-               IGMPv3(type="Version 3 Membership Report") /
-               IGMPv3mr(numgrp=1) /
-               IGMPv3gr(rtype="Change To Include Mode", maddr="239.1.1.2"))
+        p_l = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(
+                src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                dst="224.0.0.22",
+                tos=0xC0,
+                ttl=1,
+                options=[
+                    IPOption(copy_flag=1, optclass="control", option="router_alert")
+                ],
+            )
+            / IGMPv3(type="Version 3 Membership Report")
+            / IGMPv3mr(numgrp=1)
+            / IGMPv3gr(rtype="Change To Include Mode", maddr="239.1.1.2")
+        )
 
         self.send(self.pg0, p_l)
-        self.assertTrue(wait_for_igmp_event(self, 2, self.pg0,
-                                            "239.1.1.2", "0.0.0.0", 0))
+        self.assertTrue(
+            wait_for_igmp_event(self, 2, self.pg0, "239.1.1.2", "0.0.0.0", 0)
+        )
 
-        p_l = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-               IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="224.0.0.22", tos=0xc0, ttl=1,
-                  options=[IPOption(copy_flag=1, optclass="control",
-                                    option="router_alert")]) /
-               IGMPv3(type="Version 3 Membership Report") /
-               IGMPv3mr(numgrp=1) /
-               IGMPv3gr(rtype="Mode Is Include", maddr="239.1.1.3"))
+        p_l = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(
+                src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                dst="224.0.0.22",
+                tos=0xC0,
+                ttl=1,
+                options=[
+                    IPOption(copy_flag=1, optclass="control", option="router_alert")
+                ],
+            )
+            / IGMPv3(type="Version 3 Membership Report")
+            / IGMPv3mr(numgrp=1)
+            / IGMPv3gr(rtype="Mode Is Include", maddr="239.1.1.3")
+        )
 
         self.send(self.pg0, p_l)
 
-        self.assertTrue(wait_for_igmp_event(self, 2, self.pg0,
-                                            "239.1.1.3", "0.0.0.0", 0))
+        self.assertTrue(
+            wait_for_igmp_event(self, 2, self.pg0, "239.1.1.3", "0.0.0.0", 0)
+        )
         self.assertFalse(self.vapi.igmp_dump(self.pg0.sw_if_index))
 
         #
         # disable router config
         #
-        self.vapi.igmp_enable_disable(self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                      0,
-                                      IGMP_MODE.ROUTER)
+        self.vapi.igmp_enable_disable(self.pg0.sw_if_index, 0, IGMP_MODE.ROUTER)
 
     def _create_igmpv3_pck(self, itf, rtype, maddr, srcaddrs):
-        p = (Ether(dst=itf.local_mac, src=itf.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=itf.remote_ip4, dst="224.0.0.22", tos=0xc0, ttl=1,
-                options=[IPOption(copy_flag=1, optclass="control",
-                                  option="router_alert")]) /
-             IGMPv3(type="Version 3 Membership Report") /
-             IGMPv3mr(numgrp=1) /
-             IGMPv3gr(rtype=rtype,
-                      maddr=maddr, srcaddrs=srcaddrs))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=itf.local_mac, src=itf.remote_mac)
+            / IP(
+                src=itf.remote_ip4,
+                dst="224.0.0.22",
+                tos=0xC0,
+                ttl=1,
+                options=[
+                    IPOption(copy_flag=1, optclass="control", option="router_alert")
+                ],
+            )
+            / IGMPv3(type="Version 3 Membership Report")
+            / IGMPv3mr(numgrp=1)
+            / IGMPv3gr(rtype=rtype, maddr=maddr, srcaddrs=srcaddrs)
+        )
         return p
 
     def test_igmp_proxy_device(self):
-        """ IGMP proxy device """
+        """IGMP proxy device"""
         self.pg2.admin_down()
         self.pg2.unconfig_ip4()
         self.pg2.set_table_ip4(0)
         self.pg2.config_ip4()
         self.pg2.admin_up()
 
-        self.vapi.cli('test igmp timers query 10 src 3 leave 1')
+        self.vapi.cli("test igmp timers query 10 src 3 leave 1")
 
         # enable IGMP
         self.vapi.igmp_enable_disable(self.pg0.sw_if_index, 1, IGMP_MODE.HOST)
-        self.vapi.igmp_enable_disable(self.pg1.sw_if_index, 1,
-                                      IGMP_MODE.ROUTER)
-        self.vapi.igmp_enable_disable(self.pg2.sw_if_index, 1,
-                                      IGMP_MODE.ROUTER)
+        self.vapi.igmp_enable_disable(self.pg1.sw_if_index, 1, IGMP_MODE.ROUTER)
+        self.vapi.igmp_enable_disable(self.pg2.sw_if_index, 1, IGMP_MODE.ROUTER)
 
         # create IGMP proxy device
         self.vapi.igmp_proxy_device_add_del(0, self.pg0.sw_if_index, 1)
-        self.vapi.igmp_proxy_device_add_del_interface(0,
-                                                      self.pg1.sw_if_index, 1)
-        self.vapi.igmp_proxy_device_add_del_interface(0,
-                                                      self.pg2.sw_if_index, 1)
+        self.vapi.igmp_proxy_device_add_del_interface(0, self.pg1.sw_if_index, 1)
+        self.vapi.igmp_proxy_device_add_del_interface(0, self.pg2.sw_if_index, 1)
 
         # send join on pg1. join should be proxied by pg0
-        p_j = self._create_igmpv3_pck(self.pg1, "Allow New Sources",
-                                      "239.1.1.1", ["10.1.1.1", "10.1.1.2"])
+        p_j = self._create_igmpv3_pck(
+            self.pg1, "Allow New Sources", "239.1.1.1", ["10.1.1.1", "10.1.1.2"]
+        )
         self.send(self.pg1, p_j)
 
         capture = self.pg0.get_capture(1, timeout=1)
-        self.verify_report(capture[0], [IgmpRecord(IgmpSG("239.1.1.1",
-                           ["10.1.1.1", "10.1.1.2"]), "Allow New Sources")])
+        self.verify_report(
+            capture[0],
+            [
+                IgmpRecord(
+                    IgmpSG("239.1.1.1", ["10.1.1.1", "10.1.1.2"]), "Allow New Sources"
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         self.assertTrue(find_mroute(self, "239.1.1.1", "0.0.0.0", 32))
 
         # send join on pg2. join should be proxied by pg0.
         # the group should contain only 10.1.1.3 as
         # 10.1.1.1 was already reported
-        p_j = self._create_igmpv3_pck(self.pg2, "Allow New Sources",
-                                      "239.1.1.1", ["10.1.1.1", "10.1.1.3"])
+        p_j = self._create_igmpv3_pck(
+            self.pg2, "Allow New Sources", "239.1.1.1", ["10.1.1.1", "10.1.1.3"]
+        )
         self.send(self.pg2, p_j)
 
         capture = self.pg0.get_capture(1, timeout=1)
-        self.verify_report(capture[0], [IgmpRecord(IgmpSG("239.1.1.1",
-                           ["10.1.1.3"]), "Allow New Sources")])
+        self.verify_report(
+            capture[0],
+            [IgmpRecord(IgmpSG("239.1.1.1", ["10.1.1.3"]), "Allow New Sources")],
+        )
         self.assertTrue(find_mroute(self, "239.1.1.1", "0.0.0.0", 32))
 
         # send leave on pg2. leave for 10.1.1.3 should be proxyed
         # as pg2 was the only interface interested in 10.1.1.3
-        p_l = self._create_igmpv3_pck(self.pg2, "Block Old Sources",
-                                      "239.1.1.1", ["10.1.1.3"])
+        p_l = self._create_igmpv3_pck(
+            self.pg2, "Block Old Sources", "239.1.1.1", ["10.1.1.3"]
+        )
         self.send(self.pg2, p_l)
 
         capture = self.pg0.get_capture(1, timeout=2)
-        self.verify_report(capture[0], [IgmpRecord(IgmpSG("239.1.1.1",
-                           ["10.1.1.3"]), "Block Old Sources")])
+        self.verify_report(
+            capture[0],
+            [IgmpRecord(IgmpSG("239.1.1.1", ["10.1.1.3"]), "Block Old Sources")],
+        )
         self.assertTrue(find_mroute(self, "239.1.1.1", "0.0.0.0", 32))
 
         # disable igmp on pg1 (also removes interface from proxy device)
         # proxy leave for 10.1.1.2. pg2 is still interested in 10.1.1.1
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
-        self.vapi.igmp_enable_disable(self.pg1.sw_if_index, 0,
-                                      IGMP_MODE.ROUTER)
+        self.vapi.igmp_enable_disable(self.pg1.sw_if_index, 0, IGMP_MODE.ROUTER)
 
         capture = self.pg0.get_capture(1, timeout=1)
-        self.verify_report(capture[0], [IgmpRecord(IgmpSG("239.1.1.1",
-                           ["10.1.1.2"]), "Block Old Sources")])
+        self.verify_report(
+            capture[0],
+            [IgmpRecord(IgmpSG("239.1.1.1", ["10.1.1.2"]), "Block Old Sources")],
+        )
         self.assertTrue(find_mroute(self, "239.1.1.1", "0.0.0.0", 32))
 
         # disable IGMP on pg0 and pg1.
         #   disabling IGMP on pg0 (proxy device upstream interface)
         #   removes this proxy device
         self.vapi.igmp_enable_disable(self.pg0.sw_if_index, 0, IGMP_MODE.HOST)
-        self.vapi.igmp_enable_disable(self.pg2.sw_if_index, 0,
-                                      IGMP_MODE.ROUTER)
+        self.vapi.igmp_enable_disable(self.pg2.sw_if_index, 0, IGMP_MODE.ROUTER)
         self.assertFalse(find_mroute(self, "239.1.1.1", "0.0.0.0", 32))
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_ikev2.py b/test/test_ikev2.py
index 58a7ec3cd9a..5b699dd0d8d 100644
--- a/test/test_ikev2.py
+++ b/test/test_ikev2.py
@@ -38,7 +38,9 @@ GCM_IV_SIZE = 8
 # defined in rfc3526
 # tuple structure is (p, g, key_len)
 DH = {
-    '2048MODPgr': (long_converter("""
+    "2048MODPgr": (
+        long_converter(
+            """
     FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF C90FDAA2 2168C234 C4C6628B 80DC1CD1
     29024E08 8A67CC74 020BBEA6 3B139B22 514A0879 8E3404DD
     EF9519B3 CD3A431B 302B0A6D F25F1437 4FE1356D 6D51C245
@@ -49,9 +51,14 @@ DH = {
     670C354E 4ABC9804 F1746C08 CA18217C 32905E46 2E36CE3B
     E39E772C 180E8603 9B2783A2 EC07A28F B5C55DF0 6F4C52C9
     DE2BCBF6 95581718 3995497C EA956AE5 15D22618 98FA0510
-    15728E5A 8AACAA68 FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF"""), 2, 256),
-
-    '3072MODPgr': (long_converter("""
+    15728E5A 8AACAA68 FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF"""
+        ),
+        2,
+        256,
+    ),
+    "3072MODPgr": (
+        long_converter(
+            """
     FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF C90FDAA2 2168C234 C4C6628B 80DC1CD1
     29024E08 8A67CC74 020BBEA6 3B139B22 514A0879 8E3404DD
     EF9519B3 CD3A431B 302B0A6D F25F1437 4FE1356D 6D51C245
@@ -67,7 +74,11 @@ DH = {
     ABF5AE8C DB0933D7 1E8C94E0 4A25619D CEE3D226 1AD2EE6B
     F12FFA06 D98A0864 D8760273 3EC86A64 521F2B18 177B200C
     BBE11757 7A615D6C 770988C0 BAD946E2 08E24FA0 74E5AB31
-    43DB5BFC E0FD108E 4B82D120 A93AD2CA FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF"""), 2, 384)
+    43DB5BFC E0FD108E 4B82D120 A93AD2CA FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF"""
+        ),
+        2,
+        384,
+    ),
 }
 
 
@@ -79,7 +90,7 @@ class CryptoAlgo(object):
         if self.cipher is not None:
             self.bs = self.cipher.block_size // 8
 
-            if self.name == 'AES-GCM-16ICV':
+            if self.name == "AES-GCM-16ICV":
                 self.iv_len = GCM_IV_SIZE
             else:
                 self.iv_len = self.bs
@@ -87,14 +98,16 @@ class CryptoAlgo(object):
     def encrypt(self, data, key, aad=None):
         iv = os.urandom(self.iv_len)
         if aad is None:
-            encryptor = Cipher(self.cipher(key), self.mode(iv),
-                               default_backend()).encryptor()
+            encryptor = Cipher(
+                self.cipher(key), self.mode(iv), default_backend()
+            ).encryptor()
             return iv + encryptor.update(data) + encryptor.finalize()
         else:
             salt = key[-SALT_SIZE:]
             nonce = salt + iv
-            encryptor = Cipher(self.cipher(key[:-SALT_SIZE]), self.mode(nonce),
-                               default_backend()).encryptor()
+            encryptor = Cipher(
+                self.cipher(key[:-SALT_SIZE]), self.mode(nonce), default_backend()
+            ).encryptor()
             encryptor.authenticate_additional_data(aad)
             data = encryptor.update(data) + encryptor.finalize()
             data += encryptor.tag[:GCM_ICV_SIZE]
@@ -102,26 +115,26 @@ class CryptoAlgo(object):
 
     def decrypt(self, data, key, aad=None, icv=None):
         if aad is None:
-            iv = data[:self.iv_len]
-            ct = data[self.iv_len:]
-            decryptor = Cipher(algorithms.AES(key),
-                               self.mode(iv),
-                               default_backend()).decryptor()
+            iv = data[: self.iv_len]
+            ct = data[self.iv_len :]
+            decryptor = Cipher(
+                algorithms.AES(key), self.mode(iv), default_backend()
+            ).decryptor()
             return decryptor.update(ct) + decryptor.finalize()
         else:
             salt = key[-SALT_SIZE:]
             nonce = salt + data[:GCM_IV_SIZE]
             ct = data[GCM_IV_SIZE:]
             key = key[:-SALT_SIZE]
-            decryptor = Cipher(algorithms.AES(key),
-                               self.mode(nonce, icv, len(icv)),
-                               default_backend()).decryptor()
+            decryptor = Cipher(
+                algorithms.AES(key), self.mode(nonce, icv, len(icv)), default_backend()
+            ).decryptor()
             decryptor.authenticate_additional_data(aad)
             return decryptor.update(ct) + decryptor.finalize()
 
     def pad(self, data):
         pad_len = (len(data) // self.bs + 1) * self.bs - len(data)
-        data = data + b'\x00' * (pad_len - 1)
+        data = data + b"\x00" * (pad_len - 1)
         return data + bytes([pad_len - 1])
 
 
@@ -135,36 +148,34 @@ class AuthAlgo(object):
 
 
 CRYPTO_ALGOS = {
-    'NULL': CryptoAlgo('NULL', cipher=None, mode=None),
-    'AES-CBC': CryptoAlgo('AES-CBC', cipher=algorithms.AES, mode=modes.CBC),
-    'AES-GCM-16ICV': CryptoAlgo('AES-GCM-16ICV', cipher=algorithms.AES,
-                                mode=modes.GCM),
+    "NULL": CryptoAlgo("NULL", cipher=None, mode=None),
+    "AES-CBC": CryptoAlgo("AES-CBC", cipher=algorithms.AES, mode=modes.CBC),
+    "AES-GCM-16ICV": CryptoAlgo("AES-GCM-16ICV", cipher=algorithms.AES, mode=modes.GCM),
 }
 
 AUTH_ALGOS = {
-    'NULL': AuthAlgo('NULL', mac=None, mod=None, key_len=0, trunc_len=0),
-    'HMAC-SHA1-96': AuthAlgo('HMAC-SHA1-96', hmac.HMAC, hashes.SHA1, 20, 12),
-    'SHA2-256-128': AuthAlgo('SHA2-256-128', hmac.HMAC, hashes.SHA256, 32, 16),
-    'SHA2-384-192': AuthAlgo('SHA2-384-192', hmac.HMAC, hashes.SHA256, 48, 24),
-    'SHA2-512-256': AuthAlgo('SHA2-512-256', hmac.HMAC, hashes.SHA256, 64, 32),
+    "NULL": AuthAlgo("NULL", mac=None, mod=None, key_len=0, trunc_len=0),
+    "HMAC-SHA1-96": AuthAlgo("HMAC-SHA1-96", hmac.HMAC, hashes.SHA1, 20, 12),
+    "SHA2-256-128": AuthAlgo("SHA2-256-128", hmac.HMAC, hashes.SHA256, 32, 16),
+    "SHA2-384-192": AuthAlgo("SHA2-384-192", hmac.HMAC, hashes.SHA256, 48, 24),
+    "SHA2-512-256": AuthAlgo("SHA2-512-256", hmac.HMAC, hashes.SHA256, 64, 32),
 }
 
 PRF_ALGOS = {
-    'NULL': AuthAlgo('NULL', mac=None, mod=None, key_len=0, trunc_len=0),
-    'PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256': AuthAlgo('PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256', hmac.HMAC,
-                                  hashes.SHA256, 32),
+    "NULL": AuthAlgo("NULL", mac=None, mod=None, key_len=0, trunc_len=0),
+    "PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256": AuthAlgo("PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256", hmac.HMAC, hashes.SHA256, 32),
 }
 
 CRYPTO_IDS = {
-    12: 'AES-CBC',
-    20: 'AES-GCM-16ICV',
+    12: "AES-CBC",
+    20: "AES-GCM-16ICV",
 }
 
 INTEG_IDS = {
-    2: 'HMAC-SHA1-96',
-    12: 'SHA2-256-128',
-    13: 'SHA2-384-192',
-    14: 'SHA2-512-256',
+    2: "HMAC-SHA1-96",
+    12: "SHA2-256-128",
+    13: "SHA2-384-192",
+    14: "SHA2-512-256",
 }
 
 
@@ -182,11 +193,24 @@ class IKEv2ChildSA(object):
 
 
 class IKEv2SA(object):
-    def __init__(self, test, is_initiator=True, i_id=None, r_id=None,
-                 spi=b'\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08', id_type='fqdn',
-                 nonce=None, auth_data=None, local_ts=None, remote_ts=None,
-                 auth_method='shared-key', priv_key=None, i_natt=False,
-                 r_natt=False, udp_encap=False):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        test,
+        is_initiator=True,
+        i_id=None,
+        r_id=None,
+        spi=b"\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08",
+        id_type="fqdn",
+        nonce=None,
+        auth_data=None,
+        local_ts=None,
+        remote_ts=None,
+        auth_method="shared-key",
+        priv_key=None,
+        i_natt=False,
+        r_natt=False,
+        udp_encap=False,
+    ):
         self.udp_encap = udp_encap
         self.i_natt = i_natt
         self.r_natt = r_natt
@@ -211,15 +235,14 @@ class IKEv2SA(object):
             self.id_type = id_type
         self.auth_method = auth_method
         if self.is_initiator:
-            self.rspi = 8 * b'\x00'
+            self.rspi = 8 * b"\x00"
             self.ispi = spi
             self.i_nonce = nonce
         else:
             self.rspi = spi
-            self.ispi = 8 * b'\x00'
+            self.ispi = 8 * b"\x00"
             self.r_nonce = nonce
-        self.child_sas = [IKEv2ChildSA(local_ts, remote_ts,
-                          self.is_initiator)]
+        self.child_sas = [IKEv2ChildSA(local_ts, remote_ts, self.is_initiator)]
 
     def new_msg_id(self):
         self.msg_id += 1
@@ -245,13 +268,14 @@ class IKEv2SA(object):
         priv = self.dh_private_key
         peer = self.peer_dh_pub_key
         p, g, l = self.ike_group
-        return pow(int.from_bytes(peer, 'big'),
-                   int.from_bytes(priv, 'big'), p).to_bytes(l, 'big')
+        return pow(
+            int.from_bytes(peer, "big"), int.from_bytes(priv, "big"), p
+        ).to_bytes(l, "big")
 
     def generate_dh_data(self):
         # generate DH keys
         if self.ike_dh not in DH:
-            raise NotImplementedError('%s not in DH group' % self.ike_dh)
+            raise NotImplementedError("%s not in DH group" % self.ike_dh)
 
         if self.dh_params is None:
             dhg = DH[self.ike_dh]
@@ -261,13 +285,13 @@ class IKEv2SA(object):
         priv = self.dh_params.generate_private_key()
         pub = priv.public_key()
         x = priv.private_numbers().x
-        self.dh_private_key = x.to_bytes(priv.key_size // 8, 'big')
+        self.dh_private_key = x.to_bytes(priv.key_size // 8, "big")
         y = pub.public_numbers().y
 
         if self.is_initiator:
-            self.i_dh_data = y.to_bytes(pub.key_size // 8, 'big')
+            self.i_dh_data = y.to_bytes(pub.key_size // 8, "big")
         else:
-            self.r_dh_data = y.to_bytes(pub.key_size // 8, 'big')
+            self.r_dh_data = y.to_bytes(pub.key_size // 8, "big")
 
     def complete_dh_data(self):
         self.dh_shared_secret = self.compute_secret()
@@ -281,41 +305,39 @@ class IKEv2SA(object):
         integ_key_len = self.esp_integ_alg.key_len
         salt_len = 0 if integ_key_len else 4
 
-        l = (integ_key_len * 2 +
-             encr_key_len * 2 +
-             salt_len * 2)
+        l = integ_key_len * 2 + encr_key_len * 2 + salt_len * 2
         keymat = self.calc_prfplus(prf, self.sk_d, s, l)
 
         pos = 0
-        c.sk_ei = keymat[pos:pos+encr_key_len]
+        c.sk_ei = keymat[pos : pos + encr_key_len]
         pos += encr_key_len
 
         if integ_key_len:
-            c.sk_ai = keymat[pos:pos+integ_key_len]
+            c.sk_ai = keymat[pos : pos + integ_key_len]
             pos += integ_key_len
         else:
-            c.salt_ei = keymat[pos:pos+salt_len]
+            c.salt_ei = keymat[pos : pos + salt_len]
             pos += salt_len
 
-        c.sk_er = keymat[pos:pos+encr_key_len]
+        c.sk_er = keymat[pos : pos + encr_key_len]
         pos += encr_key_len
 
         if integ_key_len:
-            c.sk_ar = keymat[pos:pos+integ_key_len]
+            c.sk_ar = keymat[pos : pos + integ_key_len]
             pos += integ_key_len
         else:
-            c.salt_er = keymat[pos:pos+salt_len]
+            c.salt_er = keymat[pos : pos + salt_len]
             pos += salt_len
 
     def calc_prfplus(self, prf, key, seed, length):
-        r = b''
+        r = b""
         t = None
         x = 1
         while len(r) < length and x < 255:
             if t is not None:
                 s = t
             else:
-                s = b''
+                s = b""
             s = s + seed + bytes([x])
             t = self.calc_prf(prf, key, s)
             r = r + t
@@ -348,30 +370,32 @@ class IKEv2SA(object):
         else:
             salt_size = 0
 
-        l = (prf_key_trunc +
-             integ_key_len * 2 +
-             encr_key_len * 2 +
-             tr_prf_key_len * 2 +
-             salt_size * 2)
+        l = (
+            prf_key_trunc
+            + integ_key_len * 2
+            + encr_key_len * 2
+            + tr_prf_key_len * 2
+            + salt_size * 2
+        )
         keymat = self.calc_prfplus(prf, self.skeyseed, s, l)
 
         pos = 0
-        self.sk_d = keymat[:pos+prf_key_trunc]
+        self.sk_d = keymat[: pos + prf_key_trunc]
         pos += prf_key_trunc
 
-        self.sk_ai = keymat[pos:pos+integ_key_len]
+        self.sk_ai = keymat[pos : pos + integ_key_len]
         pos += integ_key_len
-        self.sk_ar = keymat[pos:pos+integ_key_len]
+        self.sk_ar = keymat[pos : pos + integ_key_len]
         pos += integ_key_len
 
-        self.sk_ei = keymat[pos:pos+encr_key_len + salt_size]
+        self.sk_ei = keymat[pos : pos + encr_key_len + salt_size]
         pos += encr_key_len + salt_size
-        self.sk_er = keymat[pos:pos+encr_key_len + salt_size]
+        self.sk_er = keymat[pos : pos + encr_key_len + salt_size]
         pos += encr_key_len + salt_size
 
-        self.sk_pi = keymat[pos:pos+tr_prf_key_len]
+        self.sk_pi = keymat[pos : pos + tr_prf_key_len]
         pos += tr_prf_key_len
-        self.sk_pr = keymat[pos:pos+tr_prf_key_len]
+        self.sk_pr = keymat[pos : pos + tr_prf_key_len]
 
     def generate_authmsg(self, prf, packet):
         if self.is_initiator:
@@ -393,14 +417,15 @@ class IKEv2SA(object):
         else:
             packet = self.init_resp_packet
         authmsg = self.generate_authmsg(prf, raw(packet))
-        if self.auth_method == 'shared-key':
+        if self.auth_method == "shared-key":
             psk = self.calc_prf(prf, self.auth_data, KEY_PAD)
             self.auth_data = self.calc_prf(prf, psk, authmsg)
-        elif self.auth_method == 'rsa-sig':
-            self.auth_data = self.priv_key.sign(authmsg, padding.PKCS1v15(),
-                                                hashes.SHA1())
+        elif self.auth_method == "rsa-sig":
+            self.auth_data = self.priv_key.sign(
+                authmsg, padding.PKCS1v15(), hashes.SHA1()
+            )
         else:
-            raise TypeError('unknown auth method type!')
+            raise TypeError("unknown auth method type!")
 
     def encrypt(self, data, aad=None):
         data = self.ike_crypto_alg.pad(data)
@@ -431,7 +456,7 @@ class IKEv2SA(object):
         return self.sk_ei
 
     def concat(self, alg, key_len):
-        return alg + '-' + str(key_len * 8)
+        return alg + "-" + str(key_len * 8)
 
     @property
     def vpp_ike_cypto_alg(self):
@@ -445,8 +470,9 @@ class IKEv2SA(object):
         integ_trunc = self.ike_integ_alg.trunc_len
         exp_hmac = ikemsg[-integ_trunc:]
         data = ikemsg[:-integ_trunc]
-        computed_hmac = self.compute_hmac(self.ike_integ_alg.mod(),
-                                          self.peer_authkey, data)
+        computed_hmac = self.compute_hmac(
+            self.ike_integ_alg.mod(), self.peer_authkey, data
+        )
         self.test.assertEqual(computed_hmac[:integ_trunc], exp_hmac)
 
     def compute_hmac(self, integ, key, data):
@@ -459,7 +485,7 @@ class IKEv2SA(object):
 
     def hmac_and_decrypt(self, ike):
         ep = ike[ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Encrypted]
-        if self.ike_crypto == 'AES-GCM-16ICV':
+        if self.ike_crypto == "AES-GCM-16ICV":
             aad_len = len(ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Encrypted()) + len(ikev2.IKEv2())
             ct = ep.load[:-GCM_ICV_SIZE]
             tag = ep.load[-GCM_ICV_SIZE:]
@@ -473,26 +499,26 @@ class IKEv2SA(object):
             plain = self.decrypt(ct)
         # remove padding
         pad_len = plain[-1]
-        return plain[:-pad_len - 1]
+        return plain[: -pad_len - 1]
 
     def build_ts_addr(self, ts, version):
-        return {'starting_address_v' + version: ts['start_addr'],
-                'ending_address_v' + version: ts['end_addr']}
+        return {
+            "starting_address_v" + version: ts["start_addr"],
+            "ending_address_v" + version: ts["end_addr"],
+        }
 
     def generate_ts(self, is_ip4):
         c = self.child_sas[0]
-        ts_data = {'IP_protocol_ID': 0,
-                   'start_port': 0,
-                   'end_port': 0xffff}
+        ts_data = {"IP_protocol_ID": 0, "start_port": 0, "end_port": 0xFFFF}
         if is_ip4:
-            ts_data.update(self.build_ts_addr(c.local_ts, '4'))
+            ts_data.update(self.build_ts_addr(c.local_ts, "4"))
             ts1 = ikev2.IPv4TrafficSelector(**ts_data)
-            ts_data.update(self.build_ts_addr(c.remote_ts, '4'))
+            ts_data.update(self.build_ts_addr(c.remote_ts, "4"))
             ts2 = ikev2.IPv4TrafficSelector(**ts_data)
         else:
-            ts_data.update(self.build_ts_addr(c.local_ts, '6'))
+            ts_data.update(self.build_ts_addr(c.local_ts, "6"))
             ts1 = ikev2.IPv6TrafficSelector(**ts_data)
-            ts_data.update(self.build_ts_addr(c.remote_ts, '6'))
+            ts_data.update(self.build_ts_addr(c.remote_ts, "6"))
             ts2 = ikev2.IPv6TrafficSelector(**ts_data)
 
         if self.is_initiator:
@@ -501,18 +527,18 @@ class IKEv2SA(object):
 
     def set_ike_props(self, crypto, crypto_key_len, integ, prf, dh):
         if crypto not in CRYPTO_ALGOS:
-            raise TypeError('unsupported encryption algo %r' % crypto)
+            raise TypeError("unsupported encryption algo %r" % crypto)
         self.ike_crypto = crypto
         self.ike_crypto_alg = CRYPTO_ALGOS[crypto]
         self.ike_crypto_key_len = crypto_key_len
 
         if integ not in AUTH_ALGOS:
-            raise TypeError('unsupported auth algo %r' % integ)
-        self.ike_integ = None if integ == 'NULL' else integ
+            raise TypeError("unsupported auth algo %r" % integ)
+        self.ike_integ = None if integ == "NULL" else integ
         self.ike_integ_alg = AUTH_ALGOS[integ]
 
         if prf not in PRF_ALGOS:
-            raise TypeError('unsupported prf algo %r' % prf)
+            raise TypeError("unsupported prf algo %r" % prf)
         self.ike_prf = prf
         self.ike_prf_alg = PRF_ALGOS[prf]
         self.ike_dh = dh
@@ -521,20 +547,20 @@ class IKEv2SA(object):
     def set_esp_props(self, crypto, crypto_key_len, integ):
         self.esp_crypto_key_len = crypto_key_len
         if crypto not in CRYPTO_ALGOS:
-            raise TypeError('unsupported encryption algo %r' % crypto)
+            raise TypeError("unsupported encryption algo %r" % crypto)
         self.esp_crypto = crypto
         self.esp_crypto_alg = CRYPTO_ALGOS[crypto]
 
         if integ not in AUTH_ALGOS:
-            raise TypeError('unsupported auth algo %r' % integ)
-        self.esp_integ = None if integ == 'NULL' else integ
+            raise TypeError("unsupported auth algo %r" % integ)
+        self.esp_integ = None if integ == "NULL" else integ
         self.esp_integ_alg = AUTH_ALGOS[integ]
 
     def crypto_attr(self, key_len):
-        if self.ike_crypto in ['AES-CBC', 'AES-GCM-16ICV']:
-            return (0x800e << 16 | key_len << 3, 12)
+        if self.ike_crypto in ["AES-CBC", "AES-GCM-16ICV"]:
+            return (0x800E << 16 | key_len << 3, 12)
         else:
-            raise Exception('unsupported attribute type')
+            raise Exception("unsupported attribute type")
 
     def ike_crypto_attr(self):
         return self.crypto_attr(self.ike_crypto_key_len)
@@ -545,19 +571,20 @@ class IKEv2SA(object):
     def compute_nat_sha1(self, ip, port, rspi=None):
         if rspi is None:
             rspi = self.rspi
-        data = self.ispi + rspi + ip + (port).to_bytes(2, 'big')
+        data = self.ispi + rspi + ip + (port).to_bytes(2, "big")
         digest = hashes.Hash(hashes.SHA1(), backend=default_backend())
         digest.update(data)
         return digest.finalize()
 
 
 class IkePeer(VppTestCase):
-    """ common class for initiator and responder """
+    """common class for initiator and responder"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
         import scapy.contrib.ikev2 as _ikev2
-        globals()['ikev2'] = _ikev2
+
+        globals()["ikev2"] = _ikev2
         super(IkePeer, cls).setUpClass()
         cls.create_pg_interfaces(range(2))
         for i in cls.pg_interfaces:
@@ -591,36 +618,46 @@ class IkePeer(VppTestCase):
         self.assertIsNotNone(self.p.query_vpp_config())
         if self.sa.is_initiator:
             self.sa.generate_dh_data()
-        self.vapi.cli('ikev2 set logging level 4')
-        self.vapi.cli('event-lo clear')
+        self.vapi.cli("ikev2 set logging level 4")
+        self.vapi.cli("event-lo clear")
 
-    def assert_counter(self, count, name, version='ip4'):
-        node_name = '/err/ikev2-%s/' % version + name
+    def assert_counter(self, count, name, version="ip4"):
+        node_name = "/err/ikev2-%s/" % version + name
         self.assertEqual(count, self.statistics.get_err_counter(node_name))
 
     def create_rekey_request(self):
         sa, first_payload = self.generate_auth_payload(is_rekey=True)
         header = ikev2.IKEv2(
-                init_SPI=self.sa.ispi,
-                resp_SPI=self.sa.rspi, id=self.sa.new_msg_id(),
-                flags='Initiator', exch_type='CREATE_CHILD_SA')
+            init_SPI=self.sa.ispi,
+            resp_SPI=self.sa.rspi,
+            id=self.sa.new_msg_id(),
+            flags="Initiator",
+            exch_type="CREATE_CHILD_SA",
+        )
 
         ike_msg = self.encrypt_ike_msg(header, sa, first_payload)
-        return self.create_packet(self.pg0, ike_msg, self.sa.sport,
-                                  self.sa.dport, self.sa.natt, self.ip6)
+        return self.create_packet(
+            self.pg0, ike_msg, self.sa.sport, self.sa.dport, self.sa.natt, self.ip6
+        )
 
     def create_empty_request(self):
-        header = ikev2.IKEv2(init_SPI=self.sa.ispi, resp_SPI=self.sa.rspi,
-                             id=self.sa.new_msg_id(), flags='Initiator',
-                             exch_type='INFORMATIONAL',
-                             next_payload='Encrypted')
+        header = ikev2.IKEv2(
+            init_SPI=self.sa.ispi,
+            resp_SPI=self.sa.rspi,
+            id=self.sa.new_msg_id(),
+            flags="Initiator",
+            exch_type="INFORMATIONAL",
+            next_payload="Encrypted",
+        )
 
-        msg = self.encrypt_ike_msg(header, b'', None)
-        return self.create_packet(self.pg0, msg, self.sa.sport,
-                                  self.sa.dport, self.sa.natt, self.ip6)
+        msg = self.encrypt_ike_msg(header, b"", None)
+        return self.create_packet(
+            self.pg0, msg, self.sa.sport, self.sa.dport, self.sa.natt, self.ip6
+        )
 
-    def create_packet(self, src_if, msg, sport=500, dport=500, natt=False,
-                      use_ip6=False):
+    def create_packet(
+        self, src_if, msg, sport=500, dport=500, natt=False, use_ip6=False
+    ):
         if use_ip6:
             src_ip = src_if.remote_ip6
             dst_ip = src_if.local_ip6
@@ -629,12 +666,14 @@ class IkePeer(VppTestCase):
             src_ip = src_if.remote_ip4
             dst_ip = src_if.local_ip4
             ip_layer = IP
-        res = (Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac) /
-               ip_layer(src=src_ip, dst=dst_ip) /
-               UDP(sport=sport, dport=dport))
+        res = (
+            Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac)
+            / ip_layer(src=src_ip, dst=dst_ip)
+            / UDP(sport=sport, dport=dport)
+        )
         if natt:
             # insert non ESP marker
-            res = res / Raw(b'\x00' * 4)
+            res = res / Raw(b"\x00" * 4)
         return res / msg
 
     def verify_udp(self, udp):
@@ -651,7 +690,7 @@ class IkePeer(VppTestCase):
             esp = packet[ESP]
             ih = self.verify_and_remove_non_esp_marker(esp)
         self.assertEqual(ih.version, 0x20)
-        self.assertNotIn('Version', ih.flags)
+        self.assertNotIn("Version", ih.flags)
         return ih
 
     def verify_and_remove_non_esp_marker(self, packet):
@@ -659,26 +698,32 @@ class IkePeer(VppTestCase):
             # if we are in nat traversal mode check for non esp marker
             # and remove it
             data = raw(packet)
-            self.assertEqual(data[:4], b'\x00' * 4)
+            self.assertEqual(data[:4], b"\x00" * 4)
             return ikev2.IKEv2(data[4:])
         else:
             return packet
 
     def encrypt_ike_msg(self, header, plain, first_payload):
-        if self.sa.ike_crypto == 'AES-GCM-16ICV':
+        if self.sa.ike_crypto == "AES-GCM-16ICV":
             data = self.sa.ike_crypto_alg.pad(raw(plain))
-            plen = len(data) + GCM_IV_SIZE + GCM_ICV_SIZE +\
-                len(ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Encrypted())
+            plen = (
+                len(data)
+                + GCM_IV_SIZE
+                + GCM_ICV_SIZE
+                + len(ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Encrypted())
+            )
             tlen = plen + len(ikev2.IKEv2())
 
             # prepare aad data
-            sk_p = ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Encrypted(next_payload=first_payload,
-                                                 length=plen)
+            sk_p = ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Encrypted(
+                next_payload=first_payload, length=plen
+            )
             header.length = tlen
             res = header / sk_p
             encr = self.sa.encrypt(raw(plain), raw(res))
-            sk_p = ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Encrypted(next_payload=first_payload,
-                                                 length=plen, load=encr)
+            sk_p = ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Encrypted(
+                next_payload=first_payload, length=plen, load=encr
+            )
             res = header / sk_p
         else:
             encr = self.sa.encrypt(raw(plain))
@@ -686,16 +731,18 @@ class IkePeer(VppTestCase):
             plen = len(encr) + len(ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Encrypted()) + trunc_len
             tlen = plen + len(ikev2.IKEv2())
 
-            sk_p = ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Encrypted(next_payload=first_payload,
-                                                 length=plen, load=encr)
+            sk_p = ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Encrypted(
+                next_payload=first_payload, length=plen, load=encr
+            )
             header.length = tlen
             res = header / sk_p
 
             integ_data = raw(res)
-            hmac_data = self.sa.compute_hmac(self.sa.ike_integ_alg.mod(),
-                                             self.sa.my_authkey, integ_data)
+            hmac_data = self.sa.compute_hmac(
+                self.sa.ike_integ_alg.mod(), self.sa.my_authkey, integ_data
+            )
             res = res / Raw(hmac_data[:trunc_len])
-        assert(len(res) == tlen)
+        assert len(res) == tlen
         return res
 
     def verify_udp_encap(self, ipsec_sa):
@@ -747,37 +794,37 @@ class IkePeer(VppTestCase):
         # verify crypto keys
         self.assertEqual(sa0.crypto_key.length, len(c.sk_er))
         self.assertEqual(sa1.crypto_key.length, len(c.sk_ei))
-        self.assertEqual(sa0.crypto_key.data[:len(c.sk_er)], c.sk_er)
-        self.assertEqual(sa1.crypto_key.data[:len(c.sk_ei)], c.sk_ei)
+        self.assertEqual(sa0.crypto_key.data[: len(c.sk_er)], c.sk_er)
+        self.assertEqual(sa1.crypto_key.data[: len(c.sk_ei)], c.sk_ei)
 
         # verify integ keys
         if vpp_integ_alg:
             self.assertEqual(sa0.integrity_key.length, len(c.sk_ar))
             self.assertEqual(sa1.integrity_key.length, len(c.sk_ai))
-            self.assertEqual(sa0.integrity_key.data[:len(c.sk_ar)], c.sk_ar)
-            self.assertEqual(sa1.integrity_key.data[:len(c.sk_ai)], c.sk_ai)
+            self.assertEqual(sa0.integrity_key.data[: len(c.sk_ar)], c.sk_ar)
+            self.assertEqual(sa1.integrity_key.data[: len(c.sk_ai)], c.sk_ai)
         else:
-            self.assertEqual(sa0.salt.to_bytes(4, 'little'), c.salt_er)
-            self.assertEqual(sa1.salt.to_bytes(4, 'little'), c.salt_ei)
+            self.assertEqual(sa0.salt.to_bytes(4, "little"), c.salt_er)
+            self.assertEqual(sa1.salt.to_bytes(4, "little"), c.salt_ei)
 
     def verify_keymat(self, api_keys, keys, name):
         km = getattr(keys, name)
         api_km = getattr(api_keys, name)
-        api_km_len = getattr(api_keys, name + '_len')
+        api_km_len = getattr(api_keys, name + "_len")
         self.assertEqual(len(km), api_km_len)
         self.assertEqual(km, api_km[:api_km_len])
 
     def verify_id(self, api_id, exp_id):
         self.assertEqual(api_id.type, IDType.value(exp_id.type))
         self.assertEqual(api_id.data_len, exp_id.data_len)
-        self.assertEqual(bytes(api_id.data, 'ascii'), exp_id.type)
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(api_id.data, "ascii"), exp_id.type)
 
     def verify_ike_sas(self):
         r = self.vapi.ikev2_sa_dump()
         self.assertEqual(len(r), 1)
         sa = r[0].sa
-        self.assertEqual(self.sa.ispi, (sa.ispi).to_bytes(8, 'big'))
-        self.assertEqual(self.sa.rspi, (sa.rspi).to_bytes(8, 'big'))
+        self.assertEqual(self.sa.ispi, (sa.ispi).to_bytes(8, "big"))
+        self.assertEqual(self.sa.rspi, (sa.rspi).to_bytes(8, "big"))
         if self.ip6:
             if self.sa.is_initiator:
                 self.assertEqual(sa.iaddr, IPv6Address(self.pg0.remote_ip6))
@@ -792,55 +839,53 @@ class IkePeer(VppTestCase):
             else:
                 self.assertEqual(sa.iaddr, IPv4Address(self.pg0.local_ip4))
                 self.assertEqual(sa.raddr, IPv4Address(self.pg0.remote_ip4))
-        self.verify_keymat(sa.keys, self.sa, 'sk_d')
-        self.verify_keymat(sa.keys, self.sa, 'sk_ai')
-        self.verify_keymat(sa.keys, self.sa, 'sk_ar')
-        self.verify_keymat(sa.keys, self.sa, 'sk_ei')
-        self.verify_keymat(sa.keys, self.sa, 'sk_er')
-        self.verify_keymat(sa.keys, self.sa, 'sk_pi')
-        self.verify_keymat(sa.keys, self.sa, 'sk_pr')
+        self.verify_keymat(sa.keys, self.sa, "sk_d")
+        self.verify_keymat(sa.keys, self.sa, "sk_ai")
+        self.verify_keymat(sa.keys, self.sa, "sk_ar")
+        self.verify_keymat(sa.keys, self.sa, "sk_ei")
+        self.verify_keymat(sa.keys, self.sa, "sk_er")
+        self.verify_keymat(sa.keys, self.sa, "sk_pi")
+        self.verify_keymat(sa.keys, self.sa, "sk_pr")
 
         self.assertEqual(sa.i_id.type, self.sa.id_type)
         self.assertEqual(sa.r_id.type, self.sa.id_type)
         self.assertEqual(sa.i_id.data_len, len(self.sa.i_id))
         self.assertEqual(sa.r_id.data_len, len(self.idr))
-        self.assertEqual(bytes(sa.i_id.data, 'ascii'), self.sa.i_id)
-        self.assertEqual(bytes(sa.r_id.data, 'ascii'), self.idr)
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(sa.i_id.data, "ascii"), self.sa.i_id)
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(sa.r_id.data, "ascii"), self.idr)
 
         r = self.vapi.ikev2_child_sa_dump(sa_index=sa.sa_index)
         self.assertEqual(len(r), 1)
         csa = r[0].child_sa
         self.assertEqual(csa.sa_index, sa.sa_index)
         c = self.sa.child_sas[0]
-        if hasattr(c, 'sk_ai'):
-            self.verify_keymat(csa.keys, c, 'sk_ai')
-            self.verify_keymat(csa.keys, c, 'sk_ar')
-        self.verify_keymat(csa.keys, c, 'sk_ei')
-        self.verify_keymat(csa.keys, c, 'sk_er')
-        self.assertEqual(csa.i_spi.to_bytes(4, 'big'), c.ispi)
-        self.assertEqual(csa.r_spi.to_bytes(4, 'big'), c.rspi)
+        if hasattr(c, "sk_ai"):
+            self.verify_keymat(csa.keys, c, "sk_ai")
+            self.verify_keymat(csa.keys, c, "sk_ar")
+        self.verify_keymat(csa.keys, c, "sk_ei")
+        self.verify_keymat(csa.keys, c, "sk_er")
+        self.assertEqual(csa.i_spi.to_bytes(4, "big"), c.ispi)
+        self.assertEqual(csa.r_spi.to_bytes(4, "big"), c.rspi)
 
         tsi, tsr = self.sa.generate_ts(self.p.ts_is_ip4)
         tsi = tsi[0]
         tsr = tsr[0]
         r = self.vapi.ikev2_traffic_selector_dump(
-                is_initiator=True, sa_index=sa.sa_index,
-                child_sa_index=csa.child_sa_index)
+            is_initiator=True, sa_index=sa.sa_index, child_sa_index=csa.child_sa_index
+        )
         self.assertEqual(len(r), 1)
         ts = r[0].ts
         self.verify_ts(r[0].ts, tsi[0], True)
 
         r = self.vapi.ikev2_traffic_selector_dump(
-                is_initiator=False, sa_index=sa.sa_index,
-                child_sa_index=csa.child_sa_index)
+            is_initiator=False, sa_index=sa.sa_index, child_sa_index=csa.child_sa_index
+        )
         self.assertEqual(len(r), 1)
         self.verify_ts(r[0].ts, tsr[0], False)
 
-        n = self.vapi.ikev2_nonce_get(is_initiator=True,
-                                      sa_index=sa.sa_index)
+        n = self.vapi.ikev2_nonce_get(is_initiator=True, sa_index=sa.sa_index)
         self.verify_nonce(n, self.sa.i_nonce)
-        n = self.vapi.ikev2_nonce_get(is_initiator=False,
-                                      sa_index=sa.sa_index)
+        n = self.vapi.ikev2_nonce_get(is_initiator=False, sa_index=sa.sa_index)
         self.verify_nonce(n, self.sa.r_nonce)
 
     def verify_nonce(self, api_nonce, nonce):
@@ -854,61 +899,65 @@ class IkePeer(VppTestCase):
             self.assertFalse(api_ts.is_local)
 
         if self.p.ts_is_ip4:
-            self.assertEqual(api_ts.start_addr,
-                             IPv4Address(ts.starting_address_v4))
-            self.assertEqual(api_ts.end_addr,
-                             IPv4Address(ts.ending_address_v4))
+            self.assertEqual(api_ts.start_addr, IPv4Address(ts.starting_address_v4))
+            self.assertEqual(api_ts.end_addr, IPv4Address(ts.ending_address_v4))
         else:
-            self.assertEqual(api_ts.start_addr,
-                             IPv6Address(ts.starting_address_v6))
-            self.assertEqual(api_ts.end_addr,
-                             IPv6Address(ts.ending_address_v6))
+            self.assertEqual(api_ts.start_addr, IPv6Address(ts.starting_address_v6))
+            self.assertEqual(api_ts.end_addr, IPv6Address(ts.ending_address_v6))
         self.assertEqual(api_ts.start_port, ts.start_port)
         self.assertEqual(api_ts.end_port, ts.end_port)
         self.assertEqual(api_ts.protocol_id, ts.IP_protocol_ID)
 
 
 class TemplateInitiator(IkePeer):
-    """ initiator test template """
+    """initiator test template"""
 
     def initiate_del_sa_from_initiator(self):
-        ispi = int.from_bytes(self.sa.ispi, 'little')
+        ispi = int.from_bytes(self.sa.ispi, "little")
         self.pg0.enable_capture()
         self.pg_start()
         self.vapi.ikev2_initiate_del_ike_sa(ispi=ispi)
         capture = self.pg0.get_capture(1)
         ih = self.get_ike_header(capture[0])
-        self.assertNotIn('Response', ih.flags)
-        self.assertIn('Initiator', ih.flags)
+        self.assertNotIn("Response", ih.flags)
+        self.assertIn("Initiator", ih.flags)
         self.assertEqual(ih.init_SPI, self.sa.ispi)
         self.assertEqual(ih.resp_SPI, self.sa.rspi)
         plain = self.sa.hmac_and_decrypt(ih)
         d = ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Delete(plain)
         self.assertEqual(d.proto, 1)  # proto=IKEv2
-        header = ikev2.IKEv2(init_SPI=self.sa.ispi, resp_SPI=self.sa.rspi,
-                             flags='Response', exch_type='INFORMATIONAL',
-                             id=ih.id, next_payload='Encrypted')
-        resp = self.encrypt_ike_msg(header, b'', None)
+        header = ikev2.IKEv2(
+            init_SPI=self.sa.ispi,
+            resp_SPI=self.sa.rspi,
+            flags="Response",
+            exch_type="INFORMATIONAL",
+            id=ih.id,
+            next_payload="Encrypted",
+        )
+        resp = self.encrypt_ike_msg(header, b"", None)
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, resp)
 
     def verify_del_sa(self, packet):
         ih = self.get_ike_header(packet)
         self.assertEqual(ih.id, self.sa.msg_id)
         self.assertEqual(ih.exch_type, 37)  # exchange informational
-        self.assertIn('Response', ih.flags)
-        self.assertIn('Initiator', ih.flags)
+        self.assertIn("Response", ih.flags)
+        self.assertIn("Initiator", ih.flags)
         plain = self.sa.hmac_and_decrypt(ih)
-        self.assertEqual(plain, b'')
+        self.assertEqual(plain, b"")
 
     def initiate_del_sa_from_responder(self):
-        header = ikev2.IKEv2(init_SPI=self.sa.ispi, resp_SPI=self.sa.rspi,
-                             exch_type='INFORMATIONAL',
-                             id=self.sa.new_msg_id())
-        del_sa = ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Delete(proto='IKEv2')
-        ike_msg = self.encrypt_ike_msg(header, del_sa, 'Delete')
-        packet = self.create_packet(self.pg0, ike_msg,
-                                    self.sa.sport, self.sa.dport,
-                                    self.sa.natt, self.ip6)
+        header = ikev2.IKEv2(
+            init_SPI=self.sa.ispi,
+            resp_SPI=self.sa.rspi,
+            exch_type="INFORMATIONAL",
+            id=self.sa.new_msg_id(),
+        )
+        del_sa = ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Delete(proto="IKEv2")
+        ike_msg = self.encrypt_ike_msg(header, del_sa, "Delete")
+        packet = self.create_packet(
+            self.pg0, ike_msg, self.sa.sport, self.sa.dport, self.sa.natt, self.ip6
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(packet)
         self.pg0.enable_capture()
         self.pg_start()
@@ -935,26 +984,28 @@ class TemplateInitiator(IkePeer):
         s = self.find_notify_payload(packet, 16388)
         self.assertIsNotNone(s)
         src_sha = self.sa.compute_nat_sha1(
-                inet_pton(socket.AF_INET, iph.src), udp.sport, b'\x00' * 8)
+            inet_pton(socket.AF_INET, iph.src), udp.sport, b"\x00" * 8
+        )
         self.assertEqual(s.load, src_sha)
 
         # NAT_DETECTION_DESTINATION_IP
         s = self.find_notify_payload(packet, 16389)
         self.assertIsNotNone(s)
         dst_sha = self.sa.compute_nat_sha1(
-                inet_pton(socket.AF_INET, iph.dst), udp.dport, b'\x00' * 8)
+            inet_pton(socket.AF_INET, iph.dst), udp.dport, b"\x00" * 8
+        )
         self.assertEqual(s.load, dst_sha)
 
     def verify_sa_init_request(self, packet):
         udp = packet[UDP]
         self.sa.dport = udp.sport
         ih = packet[ikev2.IKEv2]
-        self.assertNotEqual(ih.init_SPI, 8 * b'\x00')
+        self.assertNotEqual(ih.init_SPI, 8 * b"\x00")
         self.assertEqual(ih.exch_type, 34)  # SA_INIT
         self.sa.ispi = ih.init_SPI
-        self.assertEqual(ih.resp_SPI, 8 * b'\x00')
-        self.assertIn('Initiator', ih.flags)
-        self.assertNotIn('Response', ih.flags)
+        self.assertEqual(ih.resp_SPI, 8 * b"\x00")
+        self.assertIn("Initiator", ih.flags)
+        self.assertNotIn("Response", ih.flags)
         self.sa.i_nonce = ih[ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Nonce].load
         self.sa.i_dh_data = ih[ikev2.IKEv2_payload_KE].load
 
@@ -962,20 +1013,23 @@ class TemplateInitiator(IkePeer):
         self.assertEqual(prop.proto, 1)  # proto = ikev2
         self.assertEqual(prop.proposal, 1)
         self.assertEqual(prop.trans[0].transform_type, 1)  # encryption
-        self.assertEqual(prop.trans[0].transform_id,
-                         self.p.ike_transforms['crypto_alg'])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            prop.trans[0].transform_id, self.p.ike_transforms["crypto_alg"]
+        )
         self.assertEqual(prop.trans[1].transform_type, 2)  # prf
         self.assertEqual(prop.trans[1].transform_id, 5)  # "hmac-sha2-256"
         self.assertEqual(prop.trans[2].transform_type, 4)  # dh
-        self.assertEqual(prop.trans[2].transform_id,
-                         self.p.ike_transforms['dh_group'])
+        self.assertEqual(prop.trans[2].transform_id, self.p.ike_transforms["dh_group"])
 
         self.verify_nat_detection(packet)
         self.sa.set_ike_props(
-                    crypto='AES-GCM-16ICV', crypto_key_len=32,
-                    integ='NULL', prf='PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256', dh='3072MODPgr')
-        self.sa.set_esp_props(crypto='AES-CBC', crypto_key_len=32,
-                              integ='SHA2-256-128')
+            crypto="AES-GCM-16ICV",
+            crypto_key_len=32,
+            integ="NULL",
+            prf="PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256",
+            dh="3072MODPgr",
+        )
+        self.sa.set_esp_props(crypto="AES-CBC", crypto_key_len=32, integ="SHA2-256-128")
         self.sa.generate_dh_data()
         self.sa.complete_dh_data()
         self.sa.calc_keys()
@@ -995,8 +1049,8 @@ class TemplateInitiator(IkePeer):
         self.assertEqual(ih.resp_SPI, self.sa.rspi)
         self.assertEqual(ih.init_SPI, self.sa.ispi)
         self.assertEqual(ih.exch_type, 35)  # IKE_AUTH
-        self.assertIn('Initiator', ih.flags)
-        self.assertNotIn('Response', ih.flags)
+        self.assertIn("Initiator", ih.flags)
+        self.assertNotIn("Response", ih.flags)
 
         udp = packet[UDP]
         self.verify_udp(udp)
@@ -1013,48 +1067,67 @@ class TemplateInitiator(IkePeer):
         prop = idi[ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Proposal]
         c = self.sa.child_sas[0]
         c.ispi = prop.SPI
-        self.update_esp_transforms(
-                prop[ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Transform], self.sa)
+        self.update_esp_transforms(prop[ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Transform], self.sa)
 
     def send_init_response(self):
         tr_attr = self.sa.ike_crypto_attr()
-        trans = (ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Transform(transform_type='Encryption',
-                 transform_id=self.sa.ike_crypto, length=tr_attr[1],
-                 key_length=tr_attr[0]) /
-                 ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Transform(transform_type='Integrity',
-                 transform_id=self.sa.ike_integ) /
-                 ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Transform(transform_type='PRF',
-                 transform_id=self.sa.ike_prf_alg.name) /
-                 ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Transform(transform_type='GroupDesc',
-                 transform_id=self.sa.ike_dh))
-        props = (ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Proposal(proposal=1, proto='IKEv2',
-                 trans_nb=4, trans=trans))
+        trans = (
+            ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Transform(
+                transform_type="Encryption",
+                transform_id=self.sa.ike_crypto,
+                length=tr_attr[1],
+                key_length=tr_attr[0],
+            )
+            / ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Transform(
+                transform_type="Integrity", transform_id=self.sa.ike_integ
+            )
+            / ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Transform(
+                transform_type="PRF", transform_id=self.sa.ike_prf_alg.name
+            )
+            / ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Transform(
+                transform_type="GroupDesc", transform_id=self.sa.ike_dh
+            )
+        )
+        props = ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Proposal(
+            proposal=1, proto="IKEv2", trans_nb=4, trans=trans
+        )
 
         src_address = inet_pton(socket.AF_INET, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
         if self.sa.natt:
-            dst_address = b'\x0a\x0a\x0a\x0a'
+            dst_address = b"\x0a\x0a\x0a\x0a"
         else:
             dst_address = inet_pton(socket.AF_INET, self.pg0.local_ip4)
         src_nat = self.sa.compute_nat_sha1(src_address, self.sa.sport)
         dst_nat = self.sa.compute_nat_sha1(dst_address, self.sa.dport)
 
         self.sa.init_resp_packet = (
-            ikev2.IKEv2(init_SPI=self.sa.ispi, resp_SPI=self.sa.rspi,
-                        exch_type='IKE_SA_INIT', flags='Response') /
-            ikev2.IKEv2_payload_SA(next_payload='KE', prop=props) /
-            ikev2.IKEv2_payload_KE(next_payload='Nonce',
-                                   group=self.sa.ike_dh,
-                                   load=self.sa.my_dh_pub_key) /
-            ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Nonce(load=self.sa.r_nonce,
-                                      next_payload='Notify') /
-            ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Notify(
-                    type='NAT_DETECTION_SOURCE_IP', load=src_nat,
-                    next_payload='Notify') / ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Notify(
-                    type='NAT_DETECTION_DESTINATION_IP', load=dst_nat))
+            ikev2.IKEv2(
+                init_SPI=self.sa.ispi,
+                resp_SPI=self.sa.rspi,
+                exch_type="IKE_SA_INIT",
+                flags="Response",
+            )
+            / ikev2.IKEv2_payload_SA(next_payload="KE", prop=props)
+            / ikev2.IKEv2_payload_KE(
+                next_payload="Nonce", group=self.sa.ike_dh, load=self.sa.my_dh_pub_key
+            )
+            / ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Nonce(load=self.sa.r_nonce, next_payload="Notify")
+            / ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Notify(
+                type="NAT_DETECTION_SOURCE_IP", load=src_nat, next_payload="Notify"
+            )
+            / ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Notify(
+                type="NAT_DETECTION_DESTINATION_IP", load=dst_nat
+            )
+        )
 
-        ike_msg = self.create_packet(self.pg0, self.sa.init_resp_packet,
-                                     self.sa.sport, self.sa.dport,
-                                     False, self.ip6)
+        ike_msg = self.create_packet(
+            self.pg0,
+            self.sa.init_resp_packet,
+            self.sa.sport,
+            self.sa.dport,
+            False,
+            self.ip6,
+        )
         self.pg_send(self.pg0, ike_msg)
         capture = self.pg0.get_capture(1)
         self.verify_sa_auth_req(capture[0])
@@ -1070,47 +1143,64 @@ class TemplateInitiator(IkePeer):
 
     def send_auth_response(self):
         tr_attr = self.sa.esp_crypto_attr()
-        trans = (ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Transform(transform_type='Encryption',
-                 transform_id=self.sa.esp_crypto, length=tr_attr[1],
-                 key_length=tr_attr[0]) /
-                 ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Transform(transform_type='Integrity',
-                 transform_id=self.sa.esp_integ) /
-                 ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Transform(
-                 transform_type='Extended Sequence Number',
-                 transform_id='No ESN') /
-                 ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Transform(
-                 transform_type='Extended Sequence Number',
-                 transform_id='ESN'))
+        trans = (
+            ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Transform(
+                transform_type="Encryption",
+                transform_id=self.sa.esp_crypto,
+                length=tr_attr[1],
+                key_length=tr_attr[0],
+            )
+            / ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Transform(
+                transform_type="Integrity", transform_id=self.sa.esp_integ
+            )
+            / ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Transform(
+                transform_type="Extended Sequence Number", transform_id="No ESN"
+            )
+            / ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Transform(
+                transform_type="Extended Sequence Number", transform_id="ESN"
+            )
+        )
 
         c = self.sa.child_sas[0]
-        props = (ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Proposal(proposal=1, proto='ESP',
-                 SPIsize=4, SPI=c.rspi, trans_nb=4, trans=trans))
+        props = ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Proposal(
+            proposal=1, proto="ESP", SPIsize=4, SPI=c.rspi, trans_nb=4, trans=trans
+        )
 
         tsi, tsr = self.sa.generate_ts(self.p.ts_is_ip4)
-        plain = (ikev2.IKEv2_payload_IDi(next_payload='IDr',
-                 IDtype=self.sa.id_type, load=self.sa.i_id) /
-                 ikev2.IKEv2_payload_IDr(next_payload='AUTH',
-                 IDtype=self.sa.id_type, load=self.sa.r_id) /
-                 ikev2.IKEv2_payload_AUTH(next_payload='SA',
-                 auth_type=AuthMethod.value(self.sa.auth_method),
-                 load=self.sa.auth_data) /
-                 ikev2.IKEv2_payload_SA(next_payload='TSi', prop=props) /
-                 ikev2.IKEv2_payload_TSi(next_payload='TSr',
-                 number_of_TSs=len(tsi),
-                 traffic_selector=tsi) /
-                 ikev2.IKEv2_payload_TSr(next_payload='Notify',
-                 number_of_TSs=len(tsr),
-                 traffic_selector=tsr) /
-                 ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Notify(type='INITIAL_CONTACT'))
+        plain = (
+            ikev2.IKEv2_payload_IDi(
+                next_payload="IDr", IDtype=self.sa.id_type, load=self.sa.i_id
+            )
+            / ikev2.IKEv2_payload_IDr(
+                next_payload="AUTH", IDtype=self.sa.id_type, load=self.sa.r_id
+            )
+            / ikev2.IKEv2_payload_AUTH(
+                next_payload="SA",
+                auth_type=AuthMethod.value(self.sa.auth_method),
+                load=self.sa.auth_data,
+            )
+            / ikev2.IKEv2_payload_SA(next_payload="TSi", prop=props)
+            / ikev2.IKEv2_payload_TSi(
+                next_payload="TSr", number_of_TSs=len(tsi), traffic_selector=tsi
+            )
+            / ikev2.IKEv2_payload_TSr(
+                next_payload="Notify", number_of_TSs=len(tsr), traffic_selector=tsr
+            )
+            / ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Notify(type="INITIAL_CONTACT")
+        )
 
         header = ikev2.IKEv2(
-                init_SPI=self.sa.ispi,
-                resp_SPI=self.sa.rspi, id=self.sa.new_msg_id(),
-                flags='Response', exch_type='IKE_AUTH')
+            init_SPI=self.sa.ispi,
+            resp_SPI=self.sa.rspi,
+            id=self.sa.new_msg_id(),
+            flags="Response",
+            exch_type="IKE_AUTH",
+        )
 
-        ike_msg = self.encrypt_ike_msg(header, plain, 'IDi')
-        packet = self.create_packet(self.pg0, ike_msg, self.sa.sport,
-                                    self.sa.dport, self.sa.natt, self.ip6)
+        ike_msg = self.encrypt_ike_msg(header, plain, "IDi")
+        packet = self.create_packet(
+            self.pg0, ike_msg, self.sa.sport, self.sa.dport, self.sa.natt, self.ip6
+        )
         self.pg_send(self.pg0, packet)
 
     def test_initiator(self):
@@ -1122,51 +1212,58 @@ class TemplateInitiator(IkePeer):
 
 
 class TemplateResponder(IkePeer):
-    """ responder test template """
+    """responder test template"""
 
     def initiate_del_sa_from_responder(self):
         self.pg0.enable_capture()
         self.pg_start()
-        self.vapi.ikev2_initiate_del_ike_sa(
-                ispi=int.from_bytes(self.sa.ispi, 'little'))
+        self.vapi.ikev2_initiate_del_ike_sa(ispi=int.from_bytes(self.sa.ispi, "little"))
         capture = self.pg0.get_capture(1)
         ih = self.get_ike_header(capture[0])
-        self.assertNotIn('Response', ih.flags)
-        self.assertNotIn('Initiator', ih.flags)
+        self.assertNotIn("Response", ih.flags)
+        self.assertNotIn("Initiator", ih.flags)
         self.assertEqual(ih.exch_type, 37)  # INFORMATIONAL
         plain = self.sa.hmac_and_decrypt(ih)
         d = ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Delete(plain)
         self.assertEqual(d.proto, 1)  # proto=IKEv2
         self.assertEqual(ih.init_SPI, self.sa.ispi)
         self.assertEqual(ih.resp_SPI, self.sa.rspi)
-        header = ikev2.IKEv2(init_SPI=self.sa.ispi, resp_SPI=self.sa.rspi,
-                             flags='Initiator+Response',
-                             exch_type='INFORMATIONAL',
-                             id=ih.id, next_payload='Encrypted')
-        resp = self.encrypt_ike_msg(header, b'', None)
+        header = ikev2.IKEv2(
+            init_SPI=self.sa.ispi,
+            resp_SPI=self.sa.rspi,
+            flags="Initiator+Response",
+            exch_type="INFORMATIONAL",
+            id=ih.id,
+            next_payload="Encrypted",
+        )
+        resp = self.encrypt_ike_msg(header, b"", None)
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, resp)
 
     def verify_del_sa(self, packet):
         ih = self.get_ike_header(packet)
         self.assertEqual(ih.id, self.sa.msg_id)
         self.assertEqual(ih.exch_type, 37)  # exchange informational
-        self.assertIn('Response', ih.flags)
-        self.assertNotIn('Initiator', ih.flags)
+        self.assertIn("Response", ih.flags)
+        self.assertNotIn("Initiator", ih.flags)
         self.assertEqual(ih.next_payload, 46)  # Encrypted
         self.assertEqual(ih.init_SPI, self.sa.ispi)
         self.assertEqual(ih.resp_SPI, self.sa.rspi)
         plain = self.sa.hmac_and_decrypt(ih)
-        self.assertEqual(plain, b'')
+        self.assertEqual(plain, b"")
 
     def initiate_del_sa_from_initiator(self):
-        header = ikev2.IKEv2(init_SPI=self.sa.ispi, resp_SPI=self.sa.rspi,
-                             flags='Initiator', exch_type='INFORMATIONAL',
-                             id=self.sa.new_msg_id())
-        del_sa = ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Delete(proto='IKEv2')
-        ike_msg = self.encrypt_ike_msg(header, del_sa, 'Delete')
-        packet = self.create_packet(self.pg0, ike_msg,
-                                    self.sa.sport, self.sa.dport,
-                                    self.sa.natt, self.ip6)
+        header = ikev2.IKEv2(
+            init_SPI=self.sa.ispi,
+            resp_SPI=self.sa.rspi,
+            flags="Initiator",
+            exch_type="INFORMATIONAL",
+            id=self.sa.new_msg_id(),
+        )
+        del_sa = ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Delete(proto="IKEv2")
+        ike_msg = self.encrypt_ike_msg(header, del_sa, "Delete")
+        packet = self.create_packet(
+            self.pg0, ike_msg, self.sa.sport, self.sa.dport, self.sa.natt, self.ip6
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(packet)
         self.pg0.enable_capture()
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1175,56 +1272,72 @@ class TemplateResponder(IkePeer):
 
     def send_sa_init_req(self):
         tr_attr = self.sa.ike_crypto_attr()
-        trans = (ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Transform(transform_type='Encryption',
-                 transform_id=self.sa.ike_crypto, length=tr_attr[1],
-                 key_length=tr_attr[0]) /
-                 ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Transform(transform_type='Integrity',
-                 transform_id=self.sa.ike_integ) /
-                 ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Transform(transform_type='PRF',
-                 transform_id=self.sa.ike_prf_alg.name) /
-                 ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Transform(transform_type='GroupDesc',
-                 transform_id=self.sa.ike_dh))
+        trans = (
+            ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Transform(
+                transform_type="Encryption",
+                transform_id=self.sa.ike_crypto,
+                length=tr_attr[1],
+                key_length=tr_attr[0],
+            )
+            / ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Transform(
+                transform_type="Integrity", transform_id=self.sa.ike_integ
+            )
+            / ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Transform(
+                transform_type="PRF", transform_id=self.sa.ike_prf_alg.name
+            )
+            / ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Transform(
+                transform_type="GroupDesc", transform_id=self.sa.ike_dh
+            )
+        )
 
-        props = (ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Proposal(proposal=1, proto='IKEv2',
-                 trans_nb=4, trans=trans))
+        props = ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Proposal(
+            proposal=1, proto="IKEv2", trans_nb=4, trans=trans
+        )
 
-        next_payload = None if self.ip6 else 'Notify'
+        next_payload = None if self.ip6 else "Notify"
 
         self.sa.init_req_packet = (
-                ikev2.IKEv2(init_SPI=self.sa.ispi,
-                            flags='Initiator', exch_type='IKE_SA_INIT') /
-                ikev2.IKEv2_payload_SA(next_payload='KE', prop=props) /
-                ikev2.IKEv2_payload_KE(next_payload='Nonce',
-                                       group=self.sa.ike_dh,
-                                       load=self.sa.my_dh_pub_key) /
-                ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Nonce(next_payload=next_payload,
-                                          load=self.sa.i_nonce))
+            ikev2.IKEv2(
+                init_SPI=self.sa.ispi, flags="Initiator", exch_type="IKE_SA_INIT"
+            )
+            / ikev2.IKEv2_payload_SA(next_payload="KE", prop=props)
+            / ikev2.IKEv2_payload_KE(
+                next_payload="Nonce", group=self.sa.ike_dh, load=self.sa.my_dh_pub_key
+            )
+            / ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Nonce(next_payload=next_payload, load=self.sa.i_nonce)
+        )
 
         if not self.ip6:
             if self.sa.i_natt:
-                src_address = b'\x0a\x0a\x0a\x01'
+                src_address = b"\x0a\x0a\x0a\x01"
             else:
                 src_address = inet_pton(socket.AF_INET, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
 
             if self.sa.r_natt:
-                dst_address = b'\x0a\x0a\x0a\x0a'
+                dst_address = b"\x0a\x0a\x0a\x0a"
             else:
                 dst_address = inet_pton(socket.AF_INET, self.pg0.local_ip4)
 
             src_nat = self.sa.compute_nat_sha1(src_address, self.sa.sport)
             dst_nat = self.sa.compute_nat_sha1(dst_address, self.sa.dport)
             nat_src_detection = ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Notify(
-                    type='NAT_DETECTION_SOURCE_IP', load=src_nat,
-                    next_payload='Notify')
+                type="NAT_DETECTION_SOURCE_IP", load=src_nat, next_payload="Notify"
+            )
             nat_dst_detection = ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Notify(
-                    type='NAT_DETECTION_DESTINATION_IP', load=dst_nat)
-            self.sa.init_req_packet = (self.sa.init_req_packet /
-                                       nat_src_detection /
-                                       nat_dst_detection)
+                type="NAT_DETECTION_DESTINATION_IP", load=dst_nat
+            )
+            self.sa.init_req_packet = (
+                self.sa.init_req_packet / nat_src_detection / nat_dst_detection
+            )
 
-        ike_msg = self.create_packet(self.pg0, self.sa.init_req_packet,
-                                     self.sa.sport, self.sa.dport,
-                                     self.sa.natt, self.ip6)
+        ike_msg = self.create_packet(
+            self.pg0,
+            self.sa.init_req_packet,
+            self.sa.sport,
+            self.sa.dport,
+            self.sa.natt,
+            self.ip6,
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(ike_msg)
         self.pg0.enable_capture()
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1233,65 +1346,83 @@ class TemplateResponder(IkePeer):
 
     def generate_auth_payload(self, last_payload=None, is_rekey=False):
         tr_attr = self.sa.esp_crypto_attr()
-        last_payload = last_payload or 'Notify'
-        trans = (ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Transform(transform_type='Encryption',
-                 transform_id=self.sa.esp_crypto, length=tr_attr[1],
-                 key_length=tr_attr[0]) /
-                 ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Transform(transform_type='Integrity',
-                 transform_id=self.sa.esp_integ) /
-                 ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Transform(
-                 transform_type='Extended Sequence Number',
-                 transform_id='No ESN') /
-                 ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Transform(
-                 transform_type='Extended Sequence Number',
-                 transform_id='ESN'))
+        last_payload = last_payload or "Notify"
+        trans = (
+            ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Transform(
+                transform_type="Encryption",
+                transform_id=self.sa.esp_crypto,
+                length=tr_attr[1],
+                key_length=tr_attr[0],
+            )
+            / ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Transform(
+                transform_type="Integrity", transform_id=self.sa.esp_integ
+            )
+            / ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Transform(
+                transform_type="Extended Sequence Number", transform_id="No ESN"
+            )
+            / ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Transform(
+                transform_type="Extended Sequence Number", transform_id="ESN"
+            )
+        )
 
         c = self.sa.child_sas[0]
-        props = (ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Proposal(proposal=1, proto='ESP',
-                 SPIsize=4, SPI=c.ispi, trans_nb=4, trans=trans))
+        props = ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Proposal(
+            proposal=1, proto="ESP", SPIsize=4, SPI=c.ispi, trans_nb=4, trans=trans
+        )
 
         tsi, tsr = self.sa.generate_ts(self.p.ts_is_ip4)
-        plain = (ikev2.IKEv2_payload_AUTH(next_payload='SA',
-                 auth_type=AuthMethod.value(self.sa.auth_method),
-                 load=self.sa.auth_data) /
-                 ikev2.IKEv2_payload_SA(next_payload='TSi', prop=props) /
-                 ikev2.IKEv2_payload_TSi(next_payload='TSr',
-                 number_of_TSs=len(tsi), traffic_selector=tsi) /
-                 ikev2.IKEv2_payload_TSr(next_payload=last_payload,
-                 number_of_TSs=len(tsr), traffic_selector=tsr))
+        plain = (
+            ikev2.IKEv2_payload_AUTH(
+                next_payload="SA",
+                auth_type=AuthMethod.value(self.sa.auth_method),
+                load=self.sa.auth_data,
+            )
+            / ikev2.IKEv2_payload_SA(next_payload="TSi", prop=props)
+            / ikev2.IKEv2_payload_TSi(
+                next_payload="TSr", number_of_TSs=len(tsi), traffic_selector=tsi
+            )
+            / ikev2.IKEv2_payload_TSr(
+                next_payload=last_payload, number_of_TSs=len(tsr), traffic_selector=tsr
+            )
+        )
 
         if is_rekey:
-            first_payload = 'Nonce'
-            plain = (ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Nonce(load=self.sa.i_nonce,
-                     next_payload='SA') / plain /
-                     ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Notify(type='REKEY_SA',
-                     proto='ESP', SPI=c.ispi))
+            first_payload = "Nonce"
+            plain = (
+                ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Nonce(load=self.sa.i_nonce, next_payload="SA")
+                / plain
+                / ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Notify(type="REKEY_SA", proto="ESP", SPI=c.ispi)
+            )
         else:
-            first_payload = 'IDi'
+            first_payload = "IDi"
             if self.no_idr_auth:
-                ids = ikev2.IKEv2_payload_IDi(next_payload='AUTH',
-                                              IDtype=self.sa.id_type,
-                                              load=self.sa.i_id)
+                ids = ikev2.IKEv2_payload_IDi(
+                    next_payload="AUTH", IDtype=self.sa.id_type, load=self.sa.i_id
+                )
             else:
-                ids = (ikev2.IKEv2_payload_IDi(next_payload='IDr',
-                       IDtype=self.sa.id_type, load=self.sa.i_id) /
-                       ikev2.IKEv2_payload_IDr(next_payload='AUTH',
-                       IDtype=self.sa.id_type, load=self.sa.r_id))
+                ids = ikev2.IKEv2_payload_IDi(
+                    next_payload="IDr", IDtype=self.sa.id_type, load=self.sa.i_id
+                ) / ikev2.IKEv2_payload_IDr(
+                    next_payload="AUTH", IDtype=self.sa.id_type, load=self.sa.r_id
+                )
             plain = ids / plain
         return plain, first_payload
 
     def send_sa_auth(self):
-        plain, first_payload = self.generate_auth_payload(
-                    last_payload='Notify')
-        plain = plain / ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Notify(type='INITIAL_CONTACT')
+        plain, first_payload = self.generate_auth_payload(last_payload="Notify")
+        plain = plain / ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Notify(type="INITIAL_CONTACT")
         header = ikev2.IKEv2(
-                init_SPI=self.sa.ispi,
-                resp_SPI=self.sa.rspi, id=self.sa.new_msg_id(),
-                flags='Initiator', exch_type='IKE_AUTH')
+            init_SPI=self.sa.ispi,
+            resp_SPI=self.sa.rspi,
+            id=self.sa.new_msg_id(),
+            flags="Initiator",
+            exch_type="IKE_AUTH",
+        )
 
         ike_msg = self.encrypt_ike_msg(header, plain, first_payload)
-        packet = self.create_packet(self.pg0, ike_msg, self.sa.sport,
-                                    self.sa.dport, self.sa.natt, self.ip6)
+        packet = self.create_packet(
+            self.pg0, ike_msg, self.sa.sport, self.sa.dport, self.sa.natt, self.ip6
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(packet)
         self.pg0.enable_capture()
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1303,7 +1434,7 @@ class TemplateResponder(IkePeer):
 
         self.assertEqual(ih.id, self.sa.msg_id)
         self.assertEqual(ih.exch_type, 34)
-        self.assertIn('Response', ih.flags)
+        self.assertIn("Response", ih.flags)
         self.assertEqual(ih.init_SPI, self.sa.ispi)
         self.assertNotEqual(ih.resp_SPI, 0)
         self.sa.rspi = ih.resp_SPI
@@ -1331,12 +1462,12 @@ class TemplateResponder(IkePeer):
         self.sa.child_sas[0].rspi = prop.SPI
         self.sa.calc_child_keys()
 
-    IKE_NODE_SUFFIX = 'ip4'
+    IKE_NODE_SUFFIX = "ip4"
 
     def verify_counters(self):
-        self.assert_counter(2, 'processed', self.IKE_NODE_SUFFIX)
-        self.assert_counter(1, 'init_sa_req', self.IKE_NODE_SUFFIX)
-        self.assert_counter(1, 'ike_auth_req', self.IKE_NODE_SUFFIX)
+        self.assert_counter(2, "processed", self.IKE_NODE_SUFFIX)
+        self.assert_counter(1, "init_sa_req", self.IKE_NODE_SUFFIX)
+        self.assert_counter(1, "ike_auth_req", self.IKE_NODE_SUFFIX)
 
         r = self.vapi.ikev2_sa_dump()
         s = r[0].sa.stats
@@ -1356,59 +1487,60 @@ class Ikev2Params(object):
         ec = VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t
         ei = VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t
         self.vpp_enums = {
-                'AES-CBC-128': ec.IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_CBC_128,
-                'AES-CBC-192': ec.IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_CBC_192,
-                'AES-CBC-256': ec.IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_CBC_256,
-                'AES-GCM-16ICV-128':  ec.IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_GCM_128,
-                'AES-GCM-16ICV-192':  ec.IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_GCM_192,
-                'AES-GCM-16ICV-256':  ec.IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_GCM_256,
+            "AES-CBC-128": ec.IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_CBC_128,
+            "AES-CBC-192": ec.IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_CBC_192,
+            "AES-CBC-256": ec.IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_CBC_256,
+            "AES-GCM-16ICV-128": ec.IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_GCM_128,
+            "AES-GCM-16ICV-192": ec.IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_GCM_192,
+            "AES-GCM-16ICV-256": ec.IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_GCM_256,
+            "HMAC-SHA1-96": ei.IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA1_96,
+            "SHA2-256-128": ei.IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA_256_128,
+            "SHA2-384-192": ei.IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA_384_192,
+            "SHA2-512-256": ei.IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA_512_256,
+        }
 
-                'HMAC-SHA1-96': ei.IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA1_96,
-                'SHA2-256-128': ei.IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA_256_128,
-                'SHA2-384-192': ei.IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA_384_192,
-                'SHA2-512-256': ei.IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA_512_256}
-
-        dpd_disabled = True if 'dpd_disabled' not in params else\
-            params['dpd_disabled']
+        dpd_disabled = True if "dpd_disabled" not in params else params["dpd_disabled"]
         if dpd_disabled:
-            self.vapi.cli('ikev2 dpd disable')
-        self.del_sa_from_responder = False if 'del_sa_from_responder'\
-            not in params else params['del_sa_from_responder']
-        i_natt = False if 'i_natt' not in params else params['i_natt']
-        r_natt = False if 'r_natt' not in params else params['r_natt']
-        self.p = Profile(self, 'pr1')
-        self.ip6 = False if 'ip6' not in params else params['ip6']
+            self.vapi.cli("ikev2 dpd disable")
+        self.del_sa_from_responder = (
+            False
+            if "del_sa_from_responder" not in params
+            else params["del_sa_from_responder"]
+        )
+        i_natt = False if "i_natt" not in params else params["i_natt"]
+        r_natt = False if "r_natt" not in params else params["r_natt"]
+        self.p = Profile(self, "pr1")
+        self.ip6 = False if "ip6" not in params else params["ip6"]
 
-        if 'auth' in params and params['auth'] == 'rsa-sig':
-            auth_method = 'rsa-sig'
+        if "auth" in params and params["auth"] == "rsa-sig":
+            auth_method = "rsa-sig"
             work_dir = f"{config.vpp_ws_dir}/src/plugins/ikev2/test/certs/"
-            self.vapi.ikev2_set_local_key(
-                    key_file=work_dir + params['server-key'])
+            self.vapi.ikev2_set_local_key(key_file=work_dir + params["server-key"])
 
-            client_file = work_dir + params['client-cert']
-            server_pem = open(work_dir + params['server-cert']).read()
-            client_priv = open(work_dir + params['client-key']).read()
-            client_priv = load_pem_private_key(str.encode(client_priv), None,
-                                               default_backend())
+            client_file = work_dir + params["client-cert"]
+            server_pem = open(work_dir + params["server-cert"]).read()
+            client_priv = open(work_dir + params["client-key"]).read()
+            client_priv = load_pem_private_key(
+                str.encode(client_priv), None, default_backend()
+            )
             self.peer_cert = x509.load_pem_x509_certificate(
-                    str.encode(server_pem),
-                    default_backend())
-            self.p.add_auth(method='rsa-sig', data=str.encode(client_file))
+                str.encode(server_pem), default_backend()
+            )
+            self.p.add_auth(method="rsa-sig", data=str.encode(client_file))
             auth_data = None
         else:
-            auth_data = b'$3cr3tpa$$w0rd'
-            self.p.add_auth(method='shared-key', data=auth_data)
-            auth_method = 'shared-key'
+            auth_data = b"$3cr3tpa$$w0rd"
+            self.p.add_auth(method="shared-key", data=auth_data)
+            auth_method = "shared-key"
             client_priv = None
 
-        is_init = True if 'is_initiator' not in params else\
-            params['is_initiator']
-        self.no_idr_auth = params.get('no_idr_in_auth', False)
+        is_init = True if "is_initiator" not in params else params["is_initiator"]
+        self.no_idr_auth = params.get("no_idr_in_auth", False)
 
-        idr = {'id_type': 'fqdn', 'data': b'vpp.home'}
-        idi = {'id_type': 'fqdn', 'data': b'roadwarrior.example.com'}
-        r_id = self.idr = idr['data']
-        i_id = self.idi = idi['data']
+        idr = {"id_type": "fqdn", "data": b"vpp.home"}
+        idi = {"id_type": "fqdn", "data": b"roadwarrior.example.com"}
+        r_id = self.idr = idr["data"]
+        i_id = self.idi = idi["data"]
         if is_init:
             # scapy is initiator, VPP is responder
             self.p.add_local_id(**idr)
@@ -1421,70 +1553,90 @@ class Ikev2Params(object):
             if not self.no_idr_auth:
                 self.p.add_remote_id(**idr)
 
-        loc_ts = {'start_addr': '10.10.10.0', 'end_addr': '10.10.10.255'} if\
-            'loc_ts' not in params else params['loc_ts']
-        rem_ts = {'start_addr': '10.0.0.0', 'end_addr': '10.0.0.255'} if\
-            'rem_ts' not in params else params['rem_ts']
+        loc_ts = (
+            {"start_addr": "10.10.10.0", "end_addr": "10.10.10.255"}
+            if "loc_ts" not in params
+            else params["loc_ts"]
+        )
+        rem_ts = (
+            {"start_addr": "10.0.0.0", "end_addr": "10.0.0.255"}
+            if "rem_ts" not in params
+            else params["rem_ts"]
+        )
         self.p.add_local_ts(**loc_ts)
         self.p.add_remote_ts(**rem_ts)
-        if 'responder' in params:
-            self.p.add_responder(params['responder'])
-        if 'ike_transforms' in params:
-            self.p.add_ike_transforms(params['ike_transforms'])
-        if 'esp_transforms' in params:
-            self.p.add_esp_transforms(params['esp_transforms'])
+        if "responder" in params:
+            self.p.add_responder(params["responder"])
+        if "ike_transforms" in params:
+            self.p.add_ike_transforms(params["ike_transforms"])
+        if "esp_transforms" in params:
+            self.p.add_esp_transforms(params["esp_transforms"])
 
-        udp_encap = False if 'udp_encap' not in params else\
-            params['udp_encap']
+        udp_encap = False if "udp_encap" not in params else params["udp_encap"]
         if udp_encap:
             self.p.set_udp_encap(True)
 
-        if 'responder_hostname' in params:
-            hn = params['responder_hostname']
+        if "responder_hostname" in params:
+            hn = params["responder_hostname"]
             self.p.add_responder_hostname(hn)
 
             # configure static dns record
             self.vapi.dns_name_server_add_del(
-                is_ip6=0, is_add=1,
-                server_address=IPv4Address(u'8.8.8.8').packed)
+                is_ip6=0, is_add=1, server_address=IPv4Address("8.8.8.8").packed
+            )
             self.vapi.dns_enable_disable(enable=1)
 
-            cmd = "dns cache add {} {}".format(hn['hostname'],
-                                               self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+            cmd = "dns cache add {} {}".format(hn["hostname"], self.pg0.remote_ip4)
             self.vapi.cli(cmd)
 
-        self.sa = IKEv2SA(self, i_id=i_id, r_id=r_id,
-                          is_initiator=is_init,
-                          id_type=self.p.local_id['id_type'],
-                          i_natt=i_natt, r_natt=r_natt,
-                          priv_key=client_priv, auth_method=auth_method,
-                          nonce=params.get('nonce'),
-                          auth_data=auth_data, udp_encap=udp_encap,
-                          local_ts=self.p.remote_ts, remote_ts=self.p.local_ts)
+        self.sa = IKEv2SA(
+            self,
+            i_id=i_id,
+            r_id=r_id,
+            is_initiator=is_init,
+            id_type=self.p.local_id["id_type"],
+            i_natt=i_natt,
+            r_natt=r_natt,
+            priv_key=client_priv,
+            auth_method=auth_method,
+            nonce=params.get("nonce"),
+            auth_data=auth_data,
+            udp_encap=udp_encap,
+            local_ts=self.p.remote_ts,
+            remote_ts=self.p.local_ts,
+        )
 
         if is_init:
-            ike_crypto = ('AES-CBC', 32) if 'ike-crypto' not in params else\
-                params['ike-crypto']
-            ike_integ = 'HMAC-SHA1-96' if 'ike-integ' not in params else\
-                params['ike-integ']
-            ike_dh = '2048MODPgr' if 'ike-dh' not in params else\
-                params['ike-dh']
+            ike_crypto = (
+                ("AES-CBC", 32) if "ike-crypto" not in params else params["ike-crypto"]
+            )
+            ike_integ = (
+                "HMAC-SHA1-96" if "ike-integ" not in params else params["ike-integ"]
+            )
+            ike_dh = "2048MODPgr" if "ike-dh" not in params else params["ike-dh"]
 
-            esp_crypto = ('AES-CBC', 32) if 'esp-crypto' not in params else\
-                params['esp-crypto']
-            esp_integ = 'HMAC-SHA1-96' if 'esp-integ' not in params else\
-                params['esp-integ']
+            esp_crypto = (
+                ("AES-CBC", 32) if "esp-crypto" not in params else params["esp-crypto"]
+            )
+            esp_integ = (
+                "HMAC-SHA1-96" if "esp-integ" not in params else params["esp-integ"]
+            )
 
             self.sa.set_ike_props(
-                    crypto=ike_crypto[0], crypto_key_len=ike_crypto[1],
-                    integ=ike_integ, prf='PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256', dh=ike_dh)
+                crypto=ike_crypto[0],
+                crypto_key_len=ike_crypto[1],
+                integ=ike_integ,
+                prf="PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256",
+                dh=ike_dh,
+            )
             self.sa.set_esp_props(
-                    crypto=esp_crypto[0], crypto_key_len=esp_crypto[1],
-                    integ=esp_integ)
+                crypto=esp_crypto[0], crypto_key_len=esp_crypto[1], integ=esp_integ
+            )
 
 
 class TestApi(VppTestCase):
-    """ Test IKEV2 API """
+    """Test IKEV2 API"""
+
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
         super(TestApi, cls).setUpClass()
@@ -1501,241 +1653,249 @@ class TestApi(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(len(r), 0)
 
     def configure_profile(self, cfg):
-        p = Profile(self, cfg['name'])
-        p.add_local_id(id_type=cfg['loc_id'][0], data=cfg['loc_id'][1])
-        p.add_remote_id(id_type=cfg['rem_id'][0], data=cfg['rem_id'][1])
-        p.add_local_ts(**cfg['loc_ts'])
-        p.add_remote_ts(**cfg['rem_ts'])
-        p.add_responder(cfg['responder'])
-        p.add_ike_transforms(cfg['ike_ts'])
-        p.add_esp_transforms(cfg['esp_ts'])
-        p.add_auth(**cfg['auth'])
-        p.set_udp_encap(cfg['udp_encap'])
-        p.set_ipsec_over_udp_port(cfg['ipsec_over_udp_port'])
-        if 'lifetime_data' in cfg:
-            p.set_lifetime_data(cfg['lifetime_data'])
-        if 'tun_itf' in cfg:
-            p.set_tunnel_interface(cfg['tun_itf'])
-        if 'natt_disabled' in cfg and cfg['natt_disabled']:
+        p = Profile(self, cfg["name"])
+        p.add_local_id(id_type=cfg["loc_id"][0], data=cfg["loc_id"][1])
+        p.add_remote_id(id_type=cfg["rem_id"][0], data=cfg["rem_id"][1])
+        p.add_local_ts(**cfg["loc_ts"])
+        p.add_remote_ts(**cfg["rem_ts"])
+        p.add_responder(cfg["responder"])
+        p.add_ike_transforms(cfg["ike_ts"])
+        p.add_esp_transforms(cfg["esp_ts"])
+        p.add_auth(**cfg["auth"])
+        p.set_udp_encap(cfg["udp_encap"])
+        p.set_ipsec_over_udp_port(cfg["ipsec_over_udp_port"])
+        if "lifetime_data" in cfg:
+            p.set_lifetime_data(cfg["lifetime_data"])
+        if "tun_itf" in cfg:
+            p.set_tunnel_interface(cfg["tun_itf"])
+        if "natt_disabled" in cfg and cfg["natt_disabled"]:
             p.disable_natt()
         p.add_vpp_config()
         return p
 
     def test_profile_api(self):
-        """ test profile dump API """
+        """test profile dump API"""
         loc_ts4 = {
-                    'proto': 8,
-                    'start_port': 1,
-                    'end_port': 19,
-                    'start_addr': '3.3.3.2',
-                    'end_addr': '3.3.3.3',
-                }
+            "proto": 8,
+            "start_port": 1,
+            "end_port": 19,
+            "start_addr": "3.3.3.2",
+            "end_addr": "3.3.3.3",
+        }
         rem_ts4 = {
-                    'proto': 9,
-                    'start_port': 10,
-                    'end_port': 119,
-                    'start_addr': '4.5.76.80',
-                    'end_addr': '2.3.4.6',
-                }
+            "proto": 9,
+            "start_port": 10,
+            "end_port": 119,
+            "start_addr": "4.5.76.80",
+            "end_addr": "2.3.4.6",
+        }
 
         loc_ts6 = {
-                    'proto': 8,
-                    'start_port': 1,
-                    'end_port': 19,
-                    'start_addr': 'ab::1',
-                    'end_addr': 'ab::4',
-                }
+            "proto": 8,
+            "start_port": 1,
+            "end_port": 19,
+            "start_addr": "ab::1",
+            "end_addr": "ab::4",
+        }
         rem_ts6 = {
-                    'proto': 9,
-                    'start_port': 10,
-                    'end_port': 119,
-                    'start_addr': 'cd::12',
-                    'end_addr': 'cd::13',
-                }
+            "proto": 9,
+            "start_port": 10,
+            "end_port": 119,
+            "start_addr": "cd::12",
+            "end_addr": "cd::13",
+        }
 
         conf = {
-            'p1': {
-                'name': 'p1',
-                'natt_disabled': True,
-                'loc_id': ('fqdn', b'vpp.home'),
-                'rem_id': ('fqdn', b'roadwarrior.example.com'),
-                'loc_ts': loc_ts4,
-                'rem_ts': rem_ts4,
-                'responder': {'sw_if_index': 0, 'addr': '5.6.7.8'},
-                'ike_ts': {
-                        'crypto_alg': 20,
-                        'crypto_key_size': 32,
-                        'integ_alg': 0,
-                        'dh_group': 1},
-                'esp_ts': {
-                        'crypto_alg': 13,
-                        'crypto_key_size': 24,
-                        'integ_alg': 2},
-                'auth': {'method': 'shared-key', 'data': b'sharedkeydata'},
-                'udp_encap': True,
-                'ipsec_over_udp_port': 4501,
-                'lifetime_data': {
-                    'lifetime': 123,
-                    'lifetime_maxdata': 20192,
-                    'lifetime_jitter': 9,
-                    'handover': 132},
+            "p1": {
+                "name": "p1",
+                "natt_disabled": True,
+                "loc_id": ("fqdn", b"vpp.home"),
+                "rem_id": ("fqdn", b"roadwarrior.example.com"),
+                "loc_ts": loc_ts4,
+                "rem_ts": rem_ts4,
+                "responder": {"sw_if_index": 0, "addr": "5.6.7.8"},
+                "ike_ts": {
+                    "crypto_alg": 20,
+                    "crypto_key_size": 32,
+                    "integ_alg": 0,
+                    "dh_group": 1,
+                },
+                "esp_ts": {"crypto_alg": 13, "crypto_key_size": 24, "integ_alg": 2},
+                "auth": {"method": "shared-key", "data": b"sharedkeydata"},
+                "udp_encap": True,
+                "ipsec_over_udp_port": 4501,
+                "lifetime_data": {
+                    "lifetime": 123,
+                    "lifetime_maxdata": 20192,
+                    "lifetime_jitter": 9,
+                    "handover": 132,
+                },
+            },
+            "p2": {
+                "name": "p2",
+                "loc_id": ("ip4-addr", b"192.168.2.1"),
+                "rem_id": ("ip6-addr", b"abcd::1"),
+                "loc_ts": loc_ts6,
+                "rem_ts": rem_ts6,
+                "responder": {"sw_if_index": 4, "addr": "def::10"},
+                "ike_ts": {
+                    "crypto_alg": 12,
+                    "crypto_key_size": 16,
+                    "integ_alg": 3,
+                    "dh_group": 3,
+                },
+                "esp_ts": {"crypto_alg": 9, "crypto_key_size": 24, "integ_alg": 4},
+                "auth": {"method": "shared-key", "data": b"sharedkeydata"},
+                "udp_encap": False,
+                "ipsec_over_udp_port": 4600,
+                "tun_itf": 0,
             },
-            'p2': {
-                'name': 'p2',
-                'loc_id': ('ip4-addr', b'192.168.2.1'),
-                'rem_id': ('ip6-addr', b'abcd::1'),
-                'loc_ts': loc_ts6,
-                'rem_ts': rem_ts6,
-                'responder': {'sw_if_index': 4, 'addr': 'def::10'},
-                'ike_ts': {
-                        'crypto_alg': 12,
-                        'crypto_key_size': 16,
-                        'integ_alg': 3,
-                        'dh_group': 3},
-                'esp_ts': {
-                        'crypto_alg': 9,
-                        'crypto_key_size': 24,
-                        'integ_alg': 4},
-                'auth': {'method': 'shared-key', 'data': b'sharedkeydata'},
-                'udp_encap': False,
-                'ipsec_over_udp_port': 4600,
-                'tun_itf': 0}
         }
-        self.p1 = self.configure_profile(conf['p1'])
-        self.p2 = self.configure_profile(conf['p2'])
+        self.p1 = self.configure_profile(conf["p1"])
+        self.p2 = self.configure_profile(conf["p2"])
 
         r = self.vapi.ikev2_profile_dump()
         self.assertEqual(len(r), 2)
-        self.verify_profile(r[0].profile, conf['p1'])
-        self.verify_profile(r[1].profile, conf['p2'])
+        self.verify_profile(r[0].profile, conf["p1"])
+        self.verify_profile(r[1].profile, conf["p2"])
 
     def verify_id(self, api_id, cfg_id):
         self.assertEqual(api_id.type, IDType.value(cfg_id[0]))
-        self.assertEqual(bytes(api_id.data, 'ascii'), cfg_id[1])
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(api_id.data, "ascii"), cfg_id[1])
 
     def verify_ts(self, api_ts, cfg_ts):
-        self.assertEqual(api_ts.protocol_id, cfg_ts['proto'])
-        self.assertEqual(api_ts.start_port, cfg_ts['start_port'])
-        self.assertEqual(api_ts.end_port, cfg_ts['end_port'])
-        self.assertEqual(api_ts.start_addr,
-                         ip_address(text_type(cfg_ts['start_addr'])))
-        self.assertEqual(api_ts.end_addr,
-                         ip_address(text_type(cfg_ts['end_addr'])))
+        self.assertEqual(api_ts.protocol_id, cfg_ts["proto"])
+        self.assertEqual(api_ts.start_port, cfg_ts["start_port"])
+        self.assertEqual(api_ts.end_port, cfg_ts["end_port"])
+        self.assertEqual(api_ts.start_addr, ip_address(text_type(cfg_ts["start_addr"])))
+        self.assertEqual(api_ts.end_addr, ip_address(text_type(cfg_ts["end_addr"])))
 
     def verify_responder(self, api_r, cfg_r):
-        self.assertEqual(api_r.sw_if_index, cfg_r['sw_if_index'])
-        self.assertEqual(api_r.addr, ip_address(cfg_r['addr']))
+        self.assertEqual(api_r.sw_if_index, cfg_r["sw_if_index"])
+        self.assertEqual(api_r.addr, ip_address(cfg_r["addr"]))
 
     def verify_transforms(self, api_ts, cfg_ts):
-        self.assertEqual(api_ts.crypto_alg, cfg_ts['crypto_alg'])
-        self.assertEqual(api_ts.crypto_key_size, cfg_ts['crypto_key_size'])
-        self.assertEqual(api_ts.integ_alg, cfg_ts['integ_alg'])
+        self.assertEqual(api_ts.crypto_alg, cfg_ts["crypto_alg"])
+        self.assertEqual(api_ts.crypto_key_size, cfg_ts["crypto_key_size"])
+        self.assertEqual(api_ts.integ_alg, cfg_ts["integ_alg"])
 
     def verify_ike_transforms(self, api_ts, cfg_ts):
         self.verify_transforms(api_ts, cfg_ts)
-        self.assertEqual(api_ts.dh_group, cfg_ts['dh_group'])
+        self.assertEqual(api_ts.dh_group, cfg_ts["dh_group"])
 
     def verify_esp_transforms(self, api_ts, cfg_ts):
         self.verify_transforms(api_ts, cfg_ts)
 
     def verify_auth(self, api_auth, cfg_auth):
-        self.assertEqual(api_auth.method, AuthMethod.value(cfg_auth['method']))
-        self.assertEqual(api_auth.data, cfg_auth['data'])
-        self.assertEqual(api_auth.data_len, len(cfg_auth['data']))
+        self.assertEqual(api_auth.method, AuthMethod.value(cfg_auth["method"]))
+        self.assertEqual(api_auth.data, cfg_auth["data"])
+        self.assertEqual(api_auth.data_len, len(cfg_auth["data"]))
 
     def verify_lifetime_data(self, p, ld):
-        self.assertEqual(p.lifetime, ld['lifetime'])
-        self.assertEqual(p.lifetime_maxdata, ld['lifetime_maxdata'])
-        self.assertEqual(p.lifetime_jitter, ld['lifetime_jitter'])
-        self.assertEqual(p.handover, ld['handover'])
+        self.assertEqual(p.lifetime, ld["lifetime"])
+        self.assertEqual(p.lifetime_maxdata, ld["lifetime_maxdata"])
+        self.assertEqual(p.lifetime_jitter, ld["lifetime_jitter"])
+        self.assertEqual(p.handover, ld["handover"])
 
     def verify_profile(self, ap, cp):
-        self.assertEqual(ap.name, cp['name'])
-        self.assertEqual(ap.udp_encap, cp['udp_encap'])
-        self.verify_id(ap.loc_id, cp['loc_id'])
-        self.verify_id(ap.rem_id, cp['rem_id'])
-        self.verify_ts(ap.loc_ts, cp['loc_ts'])
-        self.verify_ts(ap.rem_ts, cp['rem_ts'])
-        self.verify_responder(ap.responder, cp['responder'])
-        self.verify_ike_transforms(ap.ike_ts, cp['ike_ts'])
-        self.verify_esp_transforms(ap.esp_ts, cp['esp_ts'])
-        self.verify_auth(ap.auth, cp['auth'])
-        natt_dis = False if 'natt_disabled' not in cp else cp['natt_disabled']
+        self.assertEqual(ap.name, cp["name"])
+        self.assertEqual(ap.udp_encap, cp["udp_encap"])
+        self.verify_id(ap.loc_id, cp["loc_id"])
+        self.verify_id(ap.rem_id, cp["rem_id"])
+        self.verify_ts(ap.loc_ts, cp["loc_ts"])
+        self.verify_ts(ap.rem_ts, cp["rem_ts"])
+        self.verify_responder(ap.responder, cp["responder"])
+        self.verify_ike_transforms(ap.ike_ts, cp["ike_ts"])
+        self.verify_esp_transforms(ap.esp_ts, cp["esp_ts"])
+        self.verify_auth(ap.auth, cp["auth"])
+        natt_dis = False if "natt_disabled" not in cp else cp["natt_disabled"]
         self.assertTrue(natt_dis == ap.natt_disabled)
 
-        if 'lifetime_data' in cp:
-            self.verify_lifetime_data(ap, cp['lifetime_data'])
-        self.assertEqual(ap.ipsec_over_udp_port, cp['ipsec_over_udp_port'])
-        if 'tun_itf' in cp:
-            self.assertEqual(ap.tun_itf, cp['tun_itf'])
+        if "lifetime_data" in cp:
+            self.verify_lifetime_data(ap, cp["lifetime_data"])
+        self.assertEqual(ap.ipsec_over_udp_port, cp["ipsec_over_udp_port"])
+        if "tun_itf" in cp:
+            self.assertEqual(ap.tun_itf, cp["tun_itf"])
         else:
-            self.assertEqual(ap.tun_itf, 0xffffffff)
+            self.assertEqual(ap.tun_itf, 0xFFFFFFFF)
 
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 class TestResponderBehindNAT(TemplateResponder, Ikev2Params):
-    """ test responder - responder behind NAT """
+    """test responder - responder behind NAT"""
 
-    IKE_NODE_SUFFIX = 'ip4-natt'
+    IKE_NODE_SUFFIX = "ip4-natt"
 
     def config_tc(self):
-        self.config_params({'r_natt': True})
+        self.config_params({"r_natt": True})
 
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 class TestInitiatorNATT(TemplateInitiator, Ikev2Params):
-    """ test ikev2 initiator - NAT traversal (intitiator behind NAT) """
+    """test ikev2 initiator - NAT traversal (intitiator behind NAT)"""
 
     def config_tc(self):
-        self.config_params({
-            'i_natt': True,
-            'is_initiator': False,  # seen from test case perspective
-                                    # thus vpp is initiator
-            'responder': {'sw_if_index': self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                           'addr': self.pg0.remote_ip4},
-            'ike-crypto': ('AES-GCM-16ICV', 32),
-            'ike-integ': 'NULL',
-            'ike-dh': '3072MODPgr',
-            'ike_transforms': {
-                'crypto_alg': 20,  # "aes-gcm-16"
-                'crypto_key_size': 256,
-                'dh_group': 15,  # "modp-3072"
-            },
-            'esp_transforms': {
-                'crypto_alg': 12,  # "aes-cbc"
-                'crypto_key_size': 256,
-                # "hmac-sha2-256-128"
-                'integ_alg': 12}})
+        self.config_params(
+            {
+                "i_natt": True,
+                "is_initiator": False,  # seen from test case perspective
+                # thus vpp is initiator
+                "responder": {
+                    "sw_if_index": self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+                    "addr": self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                },
+                "ike-crypto": ("AES-GCM-16ICV", 32),
+                "ike-integ": "NULL",
+                "ike-dh": "3072MODPgr",
+                "ike_transforms": {
+                    "crypto_alg": 20,  # "aes-gcm-16"
+                    "crypto_key_size": 256,
+                    "dh_group": 15,  # "modp-3072"
+                },
+                "esp_transforms": {
+                    "crypto_alg": 12,  # "aes-cbc"
+                    "crypto_key_size": 256,
+                    # "hmac-sha2-256-128"
+                    "integ_alg": 12,
+                },
+            }
+        )
 
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 class TestInitiatorPsk(TemplateInitiator, Ikev2Params):
-    """ test ikev2 initiator - pre shared key auth """
+    """test ikev2 initiator - pre shared key auth"""
 
     def config_tc(self):
-        self.config_params({
-            'is_initiator': False,  # seen from test case perspective
-                                    # thus vpp is initiator
-            'ike-crypto': ('AES-GCM-16ICV', 32),
-            'ike-integ': 'NULL',
-            'ike-dh': '3072MODPgr',
-            'ike_transforms': {
-                'crypto_alg': 20,  # "aes-gcm-16"
-                'crypto_key_size': 256,
-                'dh_group': 15,  # "modp-3072"
-            },
-            'esp_transforms': {
-                'crypto_alg': 12,  # "aes-cbc"
-                'crypto_key_size': 256,
-                # "hmac-sha2-256-128"
-                'integ_alg': 12},
-            'responder_hostname': {'hostname': 'vpp.responder.org',
-                                   'sw_if_index': self.pg0.sw_if_index}})
+        self.config_params(
+            {
+                "is_initiator": False,  # seen from test case perspective
+                # thus vpp is initiator
+                "ike-crypto": ("AES-GCM-16ICV", 32),
+                "ike-integ": "NULL",
+                "ike-dh": "3072MODPgr",
+                "ike_transforms": {
+                    "crypto_alg": 20,  # "aes-gcm-16"
+                    "crypto_key_size": 256,
+                    "dh_group": 15,  # "modp-3072"
+                },
+                "esp_transforms": {
+                    "crypto_alg": 12,  # "aes-cbc"
+                    "crypto_key_size": 256,
+                    # "hmac-sha2-256-128"
+                    "integ_alg": 12,
+                },
+                "responder_hostname": {
+                    "hostname": "vpp.responder.org",
+                    "sw_if_index": self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+                },
+            }
+        )
 
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 class TestInitiatorRequestWindowSize(TestInitiatorPsk):
-    """ test initiator - request window size (1) """
+    """test initiator - request window size (1)"""
 
     def rekey_respond(self, req, update_child_sa_data):
         ih = self.get_ike_header(req)
@@ -1749,19 +1909,25 @@ class TestInitiatorRequestWindowSize(TestInitiatorPsk):
             self.sa.child_sas[0].rspi = prop.SPI
             self.sa.calc_child_keys()
 
-        header = ikev2.IKEv2(init_SPI=self.sa.ispi, resp_SPI=self.sa.rspi,
-                             flags='Response', exch_type=36,
-                             id=ih.id, next_payload='Encrypted')
-        resp = self.encrypt_ike_msg(header, sa, 'SA')
-        packet = self.create_packet(self.pg0, resp, self.sa.sport,
-                                    self.sa.dport, self.sa.natt, self.ip6)
+        header = ikev2.IKEv2(
+            init_SPI=self.sa.ispi,
+            resp_SPI=self.sa.rspi,
+            flags="Response",
+            exch_type=36,
+            id=ih.id,
+            next_payload="Encrypted",
+        )
+        resp = self.encrypt_ike_msg(header, sa, "SA")
+        packet = self.create_packet(
+            self.pg0, resp, self.sa.sport, self.sa.dport, self.sa.natt, self.ip6
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, packet)
 
     def test_initiator(self):
         super(TestInitiatorRequestWindowSize, self).test_initiator()
         self.pg0.enable_capture()
         self.pg_start()
-        ispi = int.from_bytes(self.sa.child_sas[0].ispi, 'little')
+        ispi = int.from_bytes(self.sa.child_sas[0].ispi, "little")
         self.vapi.ikev2_initiate_rekey_child_sa(ispi=ispi)
         self.vapi.ikev2_initiate_rekey_child_sa(ispi=ispi)
         capture = self.pg0.get_capture(2)
@@ -1777,18 +1943,18 @@ class TestInitiatorRequestWindowSize(TestInitiatorPsk):
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 class TestInitiatorRekey(TestInitiatorPsk):
-    """ test ikev2 initiator - rekey """
+    """test ikev2 initiator - rekey"""
 
     def rekey_from_initiator(self):
-        ispi = int.from_bytes(self.sa.child_sas[0].ispi, 'little')
+        ispi = int.from_bytes(self.sa.child_sas[0].ispi, "little")
         self.pg0.enable_capture()
         self.pg_start()
         self.vapi.ikev2_initiate_rekey_child_sa(ispi=ispi)
         capture = self.pg0.get_capture(1)
         ih = self.get_ike_header(capture[0])
         self.assertEqual(ih.exch_type, 36)  # CHILD_SA
-        self.assertNotIn('Response', ih.flags)
-        self.assertIn('Initiator', ih.flags)
+        self.assertNotIn("Response", ih.flags)
+        self.assertIn("Initiator", ih.flags)
         plain = self.sa.hmac_and_decrypt(ih)
         sa = ikev2.IKEv2_payload_SA(plain)
         prop = sa[ikev2.IKEv2_payload_Proposal]
@@ -1798,12 +1964,18 @@ class TestInitiatorRekey(TestInitiatorPsk):
         self.sa.child_sas[0].ispi = prop.SPI
         self.sa.child_sas[0].rspi = prop.SPI
         self.sa.calc_child_keys()
-        header = ikev2.IKEv2(init_SPI=self.sa.ispi, resp_SPI=self.sa.rspi,
-                             flags='Response', exch_type=36,
-                             id=ih.id, next_payload='Encrypted')
-        resp = self.encrypt_ike_msg(header, sa, 'SA')
-        packet = self.create_packet(self.pg0, resp, self.sa.sport,
-                                    self.sa.dport, self.sa.natt, self.ip6)
+        header = ikev2.IKEv2(
+            init_SPI=self.sa.ispi,
+            resp_SPI=self.sa.rspi,
+            flags="Response",
+            exch_type=36,
+            id=ih.id,
+            next_payload="Encrypted",
+        )
+        resp = self.encrypt_ike_msg(header, sa, "SA")
+        packet = self.create_packet(
+            self.pg0, resp, self.sa.sport, self.sa.dport, self.sa.natt, self.ip6
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, packet)
 
     def test_initiator(self):
@@ -1815,45 +1987,51 @@ class TestInitiatorRekey(TestInitiatorPsk):
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 class TestInitiatorDelSAFromResponder(TemplateInitiator, Ikev2Params):
-    """ test ikev2 initiator - delete IKE SA from responder """
+    """test ikev2 initiator - delete IKE SA from responder"""
 
     def config_tc(self):
-        self.config_params({
-            'del_sa_from_responder': True,
-            'is_initiator': False,  # seen from test case perspective
-                                    # thus vpp is initiator
-            'responder': {'sw_if_index': self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                           'addr': self.pg0.remote_ip4},
-            'ike-crypto': ('AES-GCM-16ICV', 32),
-            'ike-integ': 'NULL',
-            'ike-dh': '3072MODPgr',
-            'ike_transforms': {
-                'crypto_alg': 20,  # "aes-gcm-16"
-                'crypto_key_size': 256,
-                'dh_group': 15,  # "modp-3072"
-            },
-            'esp_transforms': {
-                'crypto_alg': 12,  # "aes-cbc"
-                'crypto_key_size': 256,
-                # "hmac-sha2-256-128"
-                'integ_alg': 12},
-            'no_idr_in_auth': True})
+        self.config_params(
+            {
+                "del_sa_from_responder": True,
+                "is_initiator": False,  # seen from test case perspective
+                # thus vpp is initiator
+                "responder": {
+                    "sw_if_index": self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+                    "addr": self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                },
+                "ike-crypto": ("AES-GCM-16ICV", 32),
+                "ike-integ": "NULL",
+                "ike-dh": "3072MODPgr",
+                "ike_transforms": {
+                    "crypto_alg": 20,  # "aes-gcm-16"
+                    "crypto_key_size": 256,
+                    "dh_group": 15,  # "modp-3072"
+                },
+                "esp_transforms": {
+                    "crypto_alg": 12,  # "aes-cbc"
+                    "crypto_key_size": 256,
+                    # "hmac-sha2-256-128"
+                    "integ_alg": 12,
+                },
+                "no_idr_in_auth": True,
+            }
+        )
 
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 class TestResponderInitBehindNATT(TemplateResponder, Ikev2Params):
-    """ test ikev2 responder - initiator behind NAT """
+    """test ikev2 responder - initiator behind NAT"""
 
-    IKE_NODE_SUFFIX = 'ip4-natt'
+    IKE_NODE_SUFFIX = "ip4-natt"
 
     def config_tc(self):
-        self.config_params(
-                {'i_natt': True})
+        self.config_params({"i_natt": True})
 
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 class TestResponderPsk(TemplateResponder, Ikev2Params):
-    """ test ikev2 responder - pre shared key auth """
+    """test ikev2 responder - pre shared key auth"""
+
     def config_tc(self):
         self.config_params()
 
@@ -1863,8 +2041,9 @@ class TestResponderDpd(TestResponderPsk):
     """
     Dead peer detection test
     """
+
     def config_tc(self):
-        self.config_params({'dpd_disabled': False})
+        self.config_params({"dpd_disabled": False})
 
     def tearDown(self):
         pass
@@ -1879,7 +2058,7 @@ class TestResponderDpd(TestResponderPsk):
         ih = self.get_ike_header(capture[0])
         self.assertEqual(ih.exch_type, 37)  # INFORMATIONAL
         plain = self.sa.hmac_and_decrypt(ih)
-        self.assertEqual(plain, b'')
+        self.assertEqual(plain, b"")
         # wait for SA expiration
         time.sleep(3)
         ike_sas = self.vapi.ikev2_sa_dump()
@@ -1890,7 +2069,7 @@ class TestResponderDpd(TestResponderPsk):
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 class TestResponderRekey(TestResponderPsk):
-    """ test ikev2 responder - rekey """
+    """test ikev2 responder - rekey"""
 
     def rekey_from_initiator(self):
         packet = self.create_rekey_request()
@@ -1912,18 +2091,19 @@ class TestResponderRekey(TestResponderPsk):
         self.sa.calc_child_keys()
         self.verify_ike_sas()
         self.verify_ipsec_sas(is_rekey=True)
-        self.assert_counter(1, 'rekey_req', 'ip4')
+        self.assert_counter(1, "rekey_req", "ip4")
         r = self.vapi.ikev2_sa_dump()
         self.assertEqual(r[0].sa.stats.n_rekey_req, 1)
 
 
 class TestResponderVrf(TestResponderPsk, Ikev2Params):
-    """ test ikev2 responder - non-default table id """
+    """test ikev2 responder - non-default table id"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
         import scapy.contrib.ikev2 as _ikev2
-        globals()['ikev2'] = _ikev2
+
+        globals()["ikev2"] = _ikev2
         super(IkePeer, cls).setUpClass()
         cls.create_pg_interfaces(range(1))
         cls.vapi.cli("ip table add 1")
@@ -1936,7 +2116,7 @@ class TestResponderVrf(TestResponderPsk, Ikev2Params):
             i.resolve_ndp()
 
     def config_tc(self):
-        self.config_params({'dpd_disabled': False})
+        self.config_params({"dpd_disabled": False})
 
     def test_responder(self):
         self.vapi.ikev2_profile_set_liveness(period=2, max_retries=1)
@@ -1947,53 +2127,67 @@ class TestResponderVrf(TestResponderPsk, Ikev2Params):
         ih = self.get_ike_header(capture[0])
         self.assertEqual(ih.exch_type, 37)  # INFORMATIONAL
         plain = self.sa.hmac_and_decrypt(ih)
-        self.assertEqual(plain, b'')
+        self.assertEqual(plain, b"")
 
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 class TestResponderRsaSign(TemplateResponder, Ikev2Params):
-    """ test ikev2 responder - cert based auth """
+    """test ikev2 responder - cert based auth"""
+
     def config_tc(self):
-        self.config_params({
-            'udp_encap': True,
-            'auth': 'rsa-sig',
-            'server-key': 'server-key.pem',
-            'client-key': 'client-key.pem',
-            'client-cert': 'client-cert.pem',
-            'server-cert': 'server-cert.pem'})
+        self.config_params(
+            {
+                "udp_encap": True,
+                "auth": "rsa-sig",
+                "server-key": "server-key.pem",
+                "client-key": "client-key.pem",
+                "client-cert": "client-cert.pem",
+                "server-cert": "server-cert.pem",
+            }
+        )
 
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
-class Test_IKE_AES_CBC_128_SHA256_128_MODP2048_ESP_AES_CBC_192_SHA_384_192\
-        (TemplateResponder, Ikev2Params):
+class Test_IKE_AES_CBC_128_SHA256_128_MODP2048_ESP_AES_CBC_192_SHA_384_192(
+    TemplateResponder, Ikev2Params
+):
     """
     IKE:AES_CBC_128_SHA256_128,DH=modp2048 ESP:AES_CBC_192_SHA_384_192
     """
+
     def config_tc(self):
-        self.config_params({
-            'ike-crypto': ('AES-CBC', 16),
-            'ike-integ': 'SHA2-256-128',
-            'esp-crypto': ('AES-CBC', 24),
-            'esp-integ': 'SHA2-384-192',
-            'ike-dh': '2048MODPgr',
-            'nonce': os.urandom(256),
-            'no_idr_in_auth': True})
+        self.config_params(
+            {
+                "ike-crypto": ("AES-CBC", 16),
+                "ike-integ": "SHA2-256-128",
+                "esp-crypto": ("AES-CBC", 24),
+                "esp-integ": "SHA2-384-192",
+                "ike-dh": "2048MODPgr",
+                "nonce": os.urandom(256),
+                "no_idr_in_auth": True,
+            }
+        )
 
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
-class TestAES_CBC_128_SHA256_128_MODP3072_ESP_AES_GCM_16\
-        (TemplateResponder, Ikev2Params):
+class TestAES_CBC_128_SHA256_128_MODP3072_ESP_AES_GCM_16(
+    TemplateResponder, Ikev2Params
+):
 
     """
     IKE:AES_CBC_128_SHA256_128,DH=modp3072 ESP:AES_GCM_16
     """
+
     def config_tc(self):
-        self.config_params({
-            'ike-crypto': ('AES-CBC', 32),
-            'ike-integ': 'SHA2-256-128',
-            'esp-crypto': ('AES-GCM-16ICV', 32),
-            'esp-integ': 'NULL',
-            'ike-dh': '3072MODPgr'})
+        self.config_params(
+            {
+                "ike-crypto": ("AES-CBC", 32),
+                "ike-integ": "SHA2-256-128",
+                "esp-crypto": ("AES-GCM-16ICV", 32),
+                "esp-integ": "NULL",
+                "ike-dh": "3072MODPgr",
+            }
+        )
 
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
@@ -2002,20 +2196,21 @@ class Test_IKE_AES_GCM_16_256(TemplateResponder, Ikev2Params):
     IKE:AES_GCM_16_256
     """
 
-    IKE_NODE_SUFFIX = 'ip6'
+    IKE_NODE_SUFFIX = "ip6"
 
     def config_tc(self):
-        self.config_params({
-            'del_sa_from_responder': True,
-            'ip6': True,
-            'natt': True,
-            'ike-crypto': ('AES-GCM-16ICV', 32),
-            'ike-integ': 'NULL',
-            'ike-dh': '2048MODPgr',
-            'loc_ts': {'start_addr': 'ab:cd::0',
-                       'end_addr': 'ab:cd::10'},
-            'rem_ts': {'start_addr': '11::0',
-                       'end_addr': '11::100'}})
+        self.config_params(
+            {
+                "del_sa_from_responder": True,
+                "ip6": True,
+                "natt": True,
+                "ike-crypto": ("AES-GCM-16ICV", 32),
+                "ike-integ": "NULL",
+                "ike-dh": "2048MODPgr",
+                "loc_ts": {"start_addr": "ab:cd::0", "end_addr": "ab:cd::10"},
+                "rem_ts": {"start_addr": "11::0", "end_addr": "11::100"},
+            }
+        )
 
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
@@ -2033,8 +2228,8 @@ class TestInitiatorKeepaliveMsg(TestInitiatorPsk):
         ih = self.get_ike_header(capture[0])
         self.assertEqual(ih.id, self.sa.msg_id)
         plain = self.sa.hmac_and_decrypt(ih)
-        self.assertEqual(plain, b'')
-        self.assert_counter(1, 'keepalive', 'ip4')
+        self.assertEqual(plain, b"")
+        self.assert_counter(1, "keepalive", "ip4")
         r = self.vapi.ikev2_sa_dump()
         self.assertEqual(1, r[0].sa.stats.n_keepalives)
 
@@ -2044,7 +2239,7 @@ class TestInitiatorKeepaliveMsg(TestInitiatorPsk):
 
 
 class TestMalformedMessages(TemplateResponder, Ikev2Params):
-    """ malformed packet test """
+    """malformed packet test"""
 
     def tearDown(self):
         pass
@@ -2053,23 +2248,26 @@ class TestMalformedMessages(TemplateResponder, Ikev2Params):
         self.config_params()
 
     def create_ike_init_msg(self, length=None, payload=None):
-        msg = ikev2.IKEv2(length=length, init_SPI='\x11' * 8,
-                          flags='Initiator', exch_type='IKE_SA_INIT')
+        msg = ikev2.IKEv2(
+            length=length,
+            init_SPI="\x11" * 8,
+            flags="Initiator",
+            exch_type="IKE_SA_INIT",
+        )
         if payload is not None:
             msg /= payload
-        return self.create_packet(self.pg0, msg, self.sa.sport,
-                                  self.sa.dport)
+        return self.create_packet(self.pg0, msg, self.sa.sport, self.sa.dport)
 
     def verify_bad_packet_length(self):
-        ike_msg = self.create_ike_init_msg(length=0xdead)
+        ike_msg = self.create_ike_init_msg(length=0xDEAD)
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, ike_msg * self.pkt_count)
-        self.assert_counter(self.pkt_count, 'bad_length')
+        self.assert_counter(self.pkt_count, "bad_length")
 
     def verify_bad_sa_payload_length(self):
-        p = ikev2.IKEv2_payload_SA(length=0xdead)
+        p = ikev2.IKEv2_payload_SA(length=0xDEAD)
         ike_msg = self.create_ike_init_msg(payload=p)
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, ike_msg * self.pkt_count)
-        self.assert_counter(self.pkt_count, 'malformed_packet')
+        self.assert_counter(self.pkt_count, "malformed_packet")
 
     def test_responder(self):
         self.pkt_count = 254
@@ -2077,5 +2275,5 @@ class TestMalformedMessages(TemplateResponder, Ikev2Params):
         self.verify_bad_sa_payload_length()
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_interface_crud.py b/test/test_interface_crud.py
index 2f08f33c704..c79999b5bc5 100644
--- a/test/test_interface_crud.py
+++ b/test/test_interface_crud.py
@@ -20,9 +20,7 @@ from framework import VppTestCase, VppTestRunner
 
 
 class TestLoopbackInterfaceCRUD(VppTestCase):
-    """CRUD Loopback
-
-    """
+    """CRUD Loopback"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -51,9 +49,11 @@ class TestLoopbackInterfaceCRUD(VppTestCase):
         """
         pkts = []
         for i in dst_ifs:
-            p = (Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac) /
-                 IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=i.local_ip4) /
-                 ICMP(id=i.sw_if_index, type='echo-request'))
+            p = (
+                Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac)
+                / IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=i.local_ip4)
+                / ICMP(id=i.sw_if_index, type="echo-request")
+            )
             pkts.append(p)
         return pkts
 
@@ -88,15 +88,17 @@ class TestLoopbackInterfaceCRUD(VppTestCase):
             i.config_ip4().admin_up()
 
         # read (check sw if dump, ip4 fib, ip6 fib)
-        if_dump = self.vapi.sw_interface_dump(name_filter_valid=True,
-                                              name_filter='loop')
+        if_dump = self.vapi.sw_interface_dump(
+            name_filter_valid=True, name_filter="loop"
+        )
         fib4_dump = self.vapi.ip_route_dump(0)
         for i in loopbacks:
             self.assertTrue(i.is_interface_config_in_dump(if_dump))
             self.assertTrue(i.is_ip4_entry_in_fib_dump(fib4_dump))
 
-        if_dump = self.vapi.sw_interface_dump(name_filter_valid=True,
-                                              name_filter='loopXYZ')
+        if_dump = self.vapi.sw_interface_dump(
+            name_filter_valid=True, name_filter="loopXYZ"
+        )
         self.assertEqual(len(if_dump), 0)
 
         # check ping
@@ -160,31 +162,29 @@ class TestInterfaceDumpApiLocalOnly(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(rv[0].sw_if_index, 0)
 
     def test_sw_if_index_twiddle0(self):
-        rv = self.vapi.sw_interface_dump(sw_if_index=0xffffffff)
+        rv = self.vapi.sw_interface_dump(sw_if_index=0xFFFFFFFF)
         self.assertEqual(rv[0].sw_if_index, 0)
 
     def test_sw_if_index_1_not_existing(self):
         rv = self.vapi.sw_interface_dump(sw_if_index=1)
-        self.assertEqual(len(rv), 0, 'expected no records.')
+        self.assertEqual(len(rv), 0, "expected no records.")
 
 
 class TestInterfaceDumpApi(VppTestCase):
     """test_interface_crud.TestInterfaceDumpApi"""
 
     def test_sw_if_index_1(self):
-        self.vapi.create_loopback_instance(is_specified=1,
-                                           user_instance=10)
-        self.vapi.create_loopback_instance(is_specified=1,
-                                           user_instance=5)
+        self.vapi.create_loopback_instance(is_specified=1, user_instance=10)
+        self.vapi.create_loopback_instance(is_specified=1, user_instance=5)
 
         # Can I get back the specified record?
         rv = self.vapi.sw_interface_dump(sw_if_index=1)
         self.assertEqual(rv[0].sw_if_index, 1, rv)
 
         # verify 3 interfaces
-        rv = self.vapi.sw_interface_dump(sw_if_index=0xffffffff)
-        self.assertEqual(len(rv), 3, 'Expected 3 interfaces.')
+        rv = self.vapi.sw_interface_dump(sw_if_index=0xFFFFFFFF)
+        self.assertEqual(len(rv), 3, "Expected 3 interfaces.")
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_ip4.py b/test/test_ip4.py
index 3a48274691a..9079e54366a 100644
--- a/test/test_ip4.py
+++ b/test/test_ip4.py
@@ -15,10 +15,20 @@ from six import moves
 from framework import tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 from framework import VppTestCase, VppTestRunner
 from util import ppp
-from vpp_ip_route import VppIpRoute, VppRoutePath, VppIpMRoute, \
-    VppMRoutePath, VppMplsIpBind, \
-    VppMplsTable, VppIpTable, FibPathType, find_route, \
-    VppIpInterfaceAddress, find_route_in_dump, find_mroute_in_dump
+from vpp_ip_route import (
+    VppIpRoute,
+    VppRoutePath,
+    VppIpMRoute,
+    VppMRoutePath,
+    VppMplsIpBind,
+    VppMplsTable,
+    VppIpTable,
+    FibPathType,
+    find_route,
+    VppIpInterfaceAddress,
+    find_route_in_dump,
+    find_mroute_in_dump,
+)
 from vpp_ip import VppIpPuntPolicer, VppIpPuntRedirect, VppIpPathMtu
 from vpp_sub_interface import VppSubInterface, VppDot1QSubint, VppDot1ADSubint
 from vpp_papi import vpp_papi, VppEnum
@@ -30,7 +40,7 @@ NUM_PKTS = 67
 
 
 class TestIPv4(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv4 Test Case """
+    """IPv4 Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -66,7 +76,8 @@ class TestIPv4(VppTestCase):
         # create 2 subinterfaces for pg1 and pg2
         self.sub_interfaces = [
             VppDot1QSubint(self, self.pg1, 100),
-            VppDot1ADSubint(self, self.pg2, 200, 300, 400)]
+            VppDot1ADSubint(self, self.pg2, 200, 300, 400),
+        ]
 
         # packet flows mapping pg0 -> pg1.sub, pg2.sub, etc.
         self.flows = dict()
@@ -108,7 +119,7 @@ class TestIPv4(VppTestCase):
         dst_if = self.flows[src_if][dst_if_idx]
         info = self.create_packet_info(src_if, dst_if)
         payload = self.info_to_payload(info)
-        p = pkt/Raw(payload)
+        p = pkt / Raw(payload)
         p[IP].dst = dst_if.remote_ip4
         info.data = p.copy()
         if isinstance(src_if, VppSubInterface):
@@ -123,17 +134,26 @@ class TestIPv4(VppTestCase):
         :param VppInterface src_if: Interface to create packet stream for.
         """
         hdr_ext = 4 if isinstance(src_if, VppSubInterface) else 0
-        pkt_tmpl = (Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac) /
-                    IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4) /
-                    UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234))
+        pkt_tmpl = (
+            Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+        )
 
-        pkts = [self.modify_packet(src_if, i, pkt_tmpl)
-                for i in moves.range(self.pg_if_packet_sizes[0],
-                                     self.pg_if_packet_sizes[1], 10)]
-        pkts_b = [self.modify_packet(src_if, i, pkt_tmpl)
-                  for i in moves.range(self.pg_if_packet_sizes[1] + hdr_ext,
-                                       self.pg_if_packet_sizes[2] + hdr_ext,
-                                       50)]
+        pkts = [
+            self.modify_packet(src_if, i, pkt_tmpl)
+            for i in moves.range(
+                self.pg_if_packet_sizes[0], self.pg_if_packet_sizes[1], 10
+            )
+        ]
+        pkts_b = [
+            self.modify_packet(src_if, i, pkt_tmpl)
+            for i in moves.range(
+                self.pg_if_packet_sizes[1] + hdr_ext,
+                self.pg_if_packet_sizes[2] + hdr_ext,
+                50,
+            )
+        ]
         pkts.extend(pkts_b)
 
         return pkts
@@ -151,7 +171,7 @@ class TestIPv4(VppTestCase):
             last_info[i.sw_if_index] = None
         is_sub_if = False
         dst_sw_if_index = dst_if.sw_if_index
-        if hasattr(dst_if, 'parent'):
+        if hasattr(dst_if, "parent"):
             is_sub_if = True
         for packet in capture:
             if is_sub_if:
@@ -165,11 +185,12 @@ class TestIPv4(VppTestCase):
                 packet_index = payload_info.index
                 self.assertEqual(payload_info.dst, dst_sw_if_index)
                 self.logger.debug(
-                    "Got packet on port %s: src=%u (id=%u)" %
-                    (dst_if.name, payload_info.src, packet_index))
+                    "Got packet on port %s: src=%u (id=%u)"
+                    % (dst_if.name, payload_info.src, packet_index)
+                )
                 next_info = self.get_next_packet_info_for_interface2(
-                    payload_info.src, dst_sw_if_index,
-                    last_info[payload_info.src])
+                    payload_info.src, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[payload_info.src]
+                )
                 last_info[payload_info.src] = next_info
                 self.assertTrue(next_info is not None)
                 self.assertEqual(packet_index, next_info.index)
@@ -184,13 +205,16 @@ class TestIPv4(VppTestCase):
                 raise
         for i in self.interfaces:
             remaining_packet = self.get_next_packet_info_for_interface2(
-                i.sw_if_index, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[i.sw_if_index])
-            self.assertTrue(remaining_packet is None,
-                            "Interface %s: Packet expected from interface %s "
-                            "didn't arrive" % (dst_if.name, i.name))
+                i.sw_if_index, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[i.sw_if_index]
+            )
+            self.assertTrue(
+                remaining_packet is None,
+                "Interface %s: Packet expected from interface %s "
+                "didn't arrive" % (dst_if.name, i.name),
+            )
 
     def test_fib(self):
-        """ IPv4 FIB test
+        """IPv4 FIB test
 
         Test scenario:
 
@@ -218,16 +242,19 @@ class TestIPv4(VppTestCase):
 
 
 class TestIPv4RouteLookup(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv4 Route Lookup Test Case """
+    """IPv4 Route Lookup Test Case"""
+
     routes = []
 
     def route_lookup(self, prefix, exact):
-        return self.vapi.api(self.vapi.papi.ip_route_lookup,
-                             {
-                                 'table_id': 0,
-                                 'exact': exact,
-                                 'prefix': prefix,
-                             })
+        return self.vapi.api(
+            self.vapi.papi.ip_route_lookup,
+            {
+                "table_id": 0,
+                "exact": exact,
+                "prefix": prefix,
+            },
+        )
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -240,8 +267,9 @@ class TestIPv4RouteLookup(VppTestCase):
     def setUp(self):
         super(TestIPv4RouteLookup, self).setUp()
 
-        drop_nh = VppRoutePath("127.0.0.1", 0xffffffff,
-                               type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_DROP)
+        drop_nh = VppRoutePath(
+            "127.0.0.1", 0xFFFFFFFF, type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_DROP
+        )
 
         # Add 3 routes
         r = VppIpRoute(self, "1.1.0.0", 16, [drop_nh])
@@ -267,12 +295,12 @@ class TestIPv4RouteLookup(VppTestCase):
         # Verify we find the host route
         prefix = "1.1.1.1/32"
         result = self.route_lookup(prefix, True)
-        assert (prefix == str(result.route.prefix))
+        assert prefix == str(result.route.prefix)
 
         # Verify we find a middle prefix route
         prefix = "1.1.1.0/24"
         result = self.route_lookup(prefix, True)
-        assert (prefix == str(result.route.prefix))
+        assert prefix == str(result.route.prefix)
 
         # Verify we do not find an available LPM.
         with self.vapi.assert_negative_api_retval():
@@ -282,17 +310,17 @@ class TestIPv4RouteLookup(VppTestCase):
         # verify we find lpm
         lpm_prefix = "1.1.1.0/24"
         result = self.route_lookup("1.1.1.2/32", False)
-        assert (lpm_prefix == str(result.route.prefix))
+        assert lpm_prefix == str(result.route.prefix)
 
         # Verify we find the exact when not requested
         result = self.route_lookup(lpm_prefix, False)
-        assert (lpm_prefix == str(result.route.prefix))
+        assert lpm_prefix == str(result.route.prefix)
 
         # Can't seem to delete the default route so no negative LPM test.
 
 
 class TestIPv4IfAddrRoute(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv4 Interface Addr Route Test Case """
+    """IPv4 Interface Addr Route Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -320,7 +348,7 @@ class TestIPv4IfAddrRoute(VppTestCase):
             i.admin_down()
 
     def test_ipv4_ifaddrs_same_prefix(self):
-        """ IPv4 Interface Addresses Same Prefix test
+        """IPv4 Interface Addresses Same Prefix test
 
         Test scenario:
 
@@ -370,7 +398,7 @@ class TestIPv4IfAddrRoute(VppTestCase):
         self.assertFalse(find_route(self, "10.10.10.0", 32))
 
     def test_ipv4_ifaddr_route(self):
-        """ IPv4 Interface Address Route test
+        """IPv4 Interface Address Route test
 
         Test scenario:
 
@@ -415,7 +443,7 @@ class TestIPv4IfAddrRoute(VppTestCase):
         self.assertTrue(lo_if.is_ip4_entry_in_fib_dump(fib4_dump))
 
     def test_ipv4_ifaddr_del(self):
-        """ Delete an interface address that does not exist """
+        """Delete an interface address that does not exist"""
 
         loopbacks = self.create_loopback_interfaces(1)
         lo = self.lo_interfaces[0]
@@ -428,13 +456,12 @@ class TestIPv4IfAddrRoute(VppTestCase):
         #
         with self.vapi.assert_negative_api_retval():
             self.vapi.sw_interface_add_del_address(
-                sw_if_index=lo.sw_if_index,
-                prefix=self.pg0.local_ip4_prefix,
-                is_add=0)
+                sw_if_index=lo.sw_if_index, prefix=self.pg0.local_ip4_prefix, is_add=0
+            )
 
 
 class TestICMPEcho(VppTestCase):
-    """ ICMP Echo Test Case """
+    """ICMP Echo Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -462,7 +489,7 @@ class TestICMPEcho(VppTestCase):
             i.admin_down()
 
     def test_icmp_echo(self):
-        """ VPP replies to ICMP Echo Request
+        """VPP replies to ICMP Echo Request
 
         Test scenario:
 
@@ -470,14 +497,15 @@ class TestICMPEcho(VppTestCase):
             - Check outgoing ICMP Echo Reply message on pg0 interface.
         """
 
-        icmp_id = 0xb
+        icmp_id = 0xB
         icmp_seq = 5
-        icmp_load = b'\x0a' * 18
-        p_echo_request = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                          IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-                          ICMP(id=icmp_id, seq=icmp_seq) /
-                          Raw(load=icmp_load))
+        icmp_load = b"\x0a" * 18
+        p_echo_request = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+            / ICMP(id=icmp_id, seq=icmp_seq)
+            / Raw(load=icmp_load)
+        )
 
         self.pg0.add_stream(p_echo_request)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -502,7 +530,7 @@ class TestICMPEcho(VppTestCase):
 
 
 class TestIPv4FibCrud(VppTestCase):
-    """ FIB - add/update/delete - ip4 routes
+    """FIB - add/update/delete - ip4 routes
 
     Test scenario:
         - add 1k,
@@ -513,8 +541,7 @@ class TestIPv4FibCrud(VppTestCase):
     ..note:: Python API is too slow to add many routes, needs replacement.
     """
 
-    def config_fib_many_to_one(self, start_dest_addr, next_hop_addr,
-                               count, start=0):
+    def config_fib_many_to_one(self, start_dest_addr, next_hop_addr, count, start=0):
         """
 
         :param start_dest_addr:
@@ -524,19 +551,26 @@ class TestIPv4FibCrud(VppTestCase):
         """
         routes = []
         for i in range(count):
-            r = VppIpRoute(self, start_dest_addr % (i + start), 32,
-                           [VppRoutePath(next_hop_addr, 0xffffffff)])
+            r = VppIpRoute(
+                self,
+                start_dest_addr % (i + start),
+                32,
+                [VppRoutePath(next_hop_addr, 0xFFFFFFFF)],
+            )
             r.add_vpp_config()
             routes.append(r)
         return routes
 
-    def unconfig_fib_many_to_one(self, start_dest_addr, next_hop_addr,
-                                 count, start=0):
+    def unconfig_fib_many_to_one(self, start_dest_addr, next_hop_addr, count, start=0):
 
         routes = []
         for i in range(count):
-            r = VppIpRoute(self, start_dest_addr % (i + start), 32,
-                           [VppRoutePath(next_hop_addr, 0xffffffff)])
+            r = VppIpRoute(
+                self,
+                start_dest_addr % (i + start),
+                32,
+                [VppRoutePath(next_hop_addr, 0xFFFFFFFF)],
+            )
             r.remove_vpp_config()
             routes.append(r)
         return routes
@@ -548,10 +582,12 @@ class TestIPv4FibCrud(VppTestCase):
             dst_addr = random.choice(routes).prefix.network_address
             info = self.create_packet_info(src_if, dst_if)
             payload = self.info_to_payload(info)
-            p = (Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac) /
-                 IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=str(dst_addr)) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(payload))
+            p = (
+                Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac)
+                / IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=str(dst_addr))
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(payload)
+            )
             info.data = p.copy()
             self.extend_packet(p, random.choice(self.pg_if_packet_sizes))
             pkts.append(p)
@@ -560,8 +596,7 @@ class TestIPv4FibCrud(VppTestCase):
 
     def _find_ip_match(self, find_in, pkt):
         for p in find_in:
-            if self.payload_to_info(p[Raw]) == \
-                    self.payload_to_info(pkt[Raw]):
+            if self.payload_to_info(p[Raw]) == self.payload_to_info(pkt[Raw]):
                 if p[IP].src != pkt[IP].src:
                     break
                 if p[IP].dst != pkt[IP].dst:
@@ -585,15 +620,15 @@ class TestIPv4FibCrud(VppTestCase):
 
     def verify_route_dump(self, routes):
         for r in routes:
-            self.assertTrue(find_route(self,
-                                       r.prefix.network_address,
-                                       r.prefix.prefixlen))
+            self.assertTrue(
+                find_route(self, r.prefix.network_address, r.prefix.prefixlen)
+            )
 
     def verify_not_in_route_dump(self, routes):
         for r in routes:
-            self.assertFalse(find_route(self,
-                                        r.prefix.network_address,
-                                        r.prefix.prefixlen))
+            self.assertFalse(
+                find_route(self, r.prefix.network_address, r.prefix.prefixlen)
+            )
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -636,18 +671,21 @@ class TestIPv4FibCrud(VppTestCase):
         self.deleted_routes = []
 
     def test_1_add_routes(self):
-        """ Add 1k routes """
+        """Add 1k routes"""
 
         # add 100 routes check with traffic script.
-        self.configured_routes.extend(self.config_fib_many_to_one(
-            "10.0.0.%d", self.pg0.remote_ip4, 100))
+        self.configured_routes.extend(
+            self.config_fib_many_to_one("10.0.0.%d", self.pg0.remote_ip4, 100)
+        )
 
         self.verify_route_dump(self.configured_routes)
 
         self.stream_1 = self.create_stream(
-            self.pg1, self.pg0, self.configured_routes, 100)
+            self.pg1, self.pg0, self.configured_routes, 100
+        )
         self.stream_2 = self.create_stream(
-            self.pg2, self.pg0, self.configured_routes, 100)
+            self.pg2, self.pg0, self.configured_routes, 100
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(self.stream_1)
         self.pg2.add_stream(self.stream_2)
 
@@ -658,28 +696,32 @@ class TestIPv4FibCrud(VppTestCase):
         self.verify_capture(self.pg0, pkts, self.stream_1 + self.stream_2)
 
     def test_2_del_routes(self):
-        """ Delete 100 routes
+        """Delete 100 routes
 
         - delete 10 routes check with traffic script.
         """
         # config 1M FIB entries
-        self.configured_routes.extend(self.config_fib_many_to_one(
-            "10.0.0.%d", self.pg0.remote_ip4, 100))
-        self.deleted_routes.extend(self.unconfig_fib_many_to_one(
-            "10.0.0.%d", self.pg0.remote_ip4, 10, start=10))
+        self.configured_routes.extend(
+            self.config_fib_many_to_one("10.0.0.%d", self.pg0.remote_ip4, 100)
+        )
+        self.deleted_routes.extend(
+            self.unconfig_fib_many_to_one(
+                "10.0.0.%d", self.pg0.remote_ip4, 10, start=10
+            )
+        )
         for x in self.deleted_routes:
             self.configured_routes.remove(x)
 
         self.verify_route_dump(self.configured_routes)
 
         self.stream_1 = self.create_stream(
-            self.pg1, self.pg0, self.configured_routes, 100)
+            self.pg1, self.pg0, self.configured_routes, 100
+        )
         self.stream_2 = self.create_stream(
-            self.pg2, self.pg0, self.configured_routes, 100)
-        self.stream_3 = self.create_stream(
-            self.pg1, self.pg0, self.deleted_routes, 100)
-        self.stream_4 = self.create_stream(
-            self.pg2, self.pg0, self.deleted_routes, 100)
+            self.pg2, self.pg0, self.configured_routes, 100
+        )
+        self.stream_3 = self.create_stream(self.pg1, self.pg0, self.deleted_routes, 100)
+        self.stream_4 = self.create_stream(self.pg2, self.pg0, self.deleted_routes, 100)
         self.pg1.add_stream(self.stream_1 + self.stream_3)
         self.pg2.add_stream(self.stream_2 + self.stream_4)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -689,38 +731,42 @@ class TestIPv4FibCrud(VppTestCase):
         self.verify_capture(self.pg0, pkts, self.stream_1 + self.stream_2)
 
     def test_3_add_new_routes(self):
-        """ Add 1k routes
+        """Add 1k routes
 
         - re-add 5 routes check with traffic script.
         - add 100 routes check with traffic script.
         """
         # config 1M FIB entries
-        self.configured_routes.extend(self.config_fib_many_to_one(
-            "10.0.0.%d", self.pg0.remote_ip4, 100))
-        self.deleted_routes.extend(self.unconfig_fib_many_to_one(
-            "10.0.0.%d", self.pg0.remote_ip4, 10, start=10))
+        self.configured_routes.extend(
+            self.config_fib_many_to_one("10.0.0.%d", self.pg0.remote_ip4, 100)
+        )
+        self.deleted_routes.extend(
+            self.unconfig_fib_many_to_one(
+                "10.0.0.%d", self.pg0.remote_ip4, 10, start=10
+            )
+        )
         for x in self.deleted_routes:
             self.configured_routes.remove(x)
 
-        tmp = self.config_fib_many_to_one(
-            "10.0.0.%d", self.pg0.remote_ip4, 5, start=10)
+        tmp = self.config_fib_many_to_one("10.0.0.%d", self.pg0.remote_ip4, 5, start=10)
         self.configured_routes.extend(tmp)
         for x in tmp:
             self.deleted_routes.remove(x)
 
-        self.configured_routes.extend(self.config_fib_many_to_one(
-            "10.0.1.%d", self.pg0.remote_ip4, 100))
+        self.configured_routes.extend(
+            self.config_fib_many_to_one("10.0.1.%d", self.pg0.remote_ip4, 100)
+        )
 
         self.verify_route_dump(self.configured_routes)
 
         self.stream_1 = self.create_stream(
-            self.pg1, self.pg0, self.configured_routes, 300)
+            self.pg1, self.pg0, self.configured_routes, 300
+        )
         self.stream_2 = self.create_stream(
-            self.pg2, self.pg0, self.configured_routes, 300)
-        self.stream_3 = self.create_stream(
-            self.pg1, self.pg0, self.deleted_routes, 100)
-        self.stream_4 = self.create_stream(
-            self.pg2, self.pg0, self.deleted_routes, 100)
+            self.pg2, self.pg0, self.configured_routes, 300
+        )
+        self.stream_3 = self.create_stream(self.pg1, self.pg0, self.deleted_routes, 100)
+        self.stream_4 = self.create_stream(self.pg2, self.pg0, self.deleted_routes, 100)
 
         self.pg1.add_stream(self.stream_1 + self.stream_3)
         self.pg2.add_stream(self.stream_2 + self.stream_4)
@@ -732,17 +778,20 @@ class TestIPv4FibCrud(VppTestCase):
 
         # delete 5 routes check with traffic script.
         # add 100 routes check with traffic script.
-        self.deleted_routes.extend(self.unconfig_fib_many_to_one(
-            "10.0.0.%d", self.pg0.remote_ip4, 15))
-        self.deleted_routes.extend(self.unconfig_fib_many_to_one(
-            "10.0.0.%d", self.pg0.remote_ip4, 85))
-        self.deleted_routes.extend(self.unconfig_fib_many_to_one(
-            "10.0.1.%d", self.pg0.remote_ip4, 100))
+        self.deleted_routes.extend(
+            self.unconfig_fib_many_to_one("10.0.0.%d", self.pg0.remote_ip4, 15)
+        )
+        self.deleted_routes.extend(
+            self.unconfig_fib_many_to_one("10.0.0.%d", self.pg0.remote_ip4, 85)
+        )
+        self.deleted_routes.extend(
+            self.unconfig_fib_many_to_one("10.0.1.%d", self.pg0.remote_ip4, 100)
+        )
         self.verify_not_in_route_dump(self.deleted_routes)
 
 
 class TestIPNull(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv4 routes via NULL """
+    """IPv4 routes via NULL"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -770,23 +819,29 @@ class TestIPNull(VppTestCase):
             i.admin_down()
 
     def test_ip_null(self):
-        """ IP NULL route """
+        """IP NULL route"""
 
         #
         # A route via IP NULL that will reply with ICMP unreachables
         #
         ip_unreach = VppIpRoute(
-            self, "10.0.0.1", 32,
-            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                          0xffffffff,
-                          type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_ICMP_UNREACH)])
+            self,
+            "10.0.0.1",
+            32,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "0.0.0.0", 0xFFFFFFFF, type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_ICMP_UNREACH
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         ip_unreach.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p_unreach = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                           dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                     IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="10.0.0.1") /
-                     UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                     Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p_unreach = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="10.0.0.1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p_unreach)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -809,17 +864,23 @@ class TestIPNull(VppTestCase):
         # A route via IP NULL that will reply with ICMP prohibited
         #
         ip_prohibit = VppIpRoute(
-            self, "10.0.0.2", 32,
-            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                          0xffffffff,
-                          type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_ICMP_PROHIBIT)])
+            self,
+            "10.0.0.2",
+            32,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "0.0.0.0", 0xFFFFFFFF, type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_ICMP_PROHIBIT
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         ip_prohibit.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p_prohibit = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                            dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                      IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="10.0.0.2") /
-                      UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                      Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p_prohibit = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="10.0.0.2")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         self.pg0.add_stream(p_prohibit)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -836,17 +897,21 @@ class TestIPNull(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(icmp.dst, "10.0.0.2")
 
     def test_ip_drop(self):
-        """ IP Drop Routes """
+        """IP Drop Routes"""
 
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                   dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="1.1.1.1") /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="1.1.1.1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
-        r1 = VppIpRoute(self, "1.1.1.0", 24,
-                        [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                      self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
+        r1 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "1.1.1.0",
+            24,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4, self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         r1.add_vpp_config()
 
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * NUM_PKTS, self.pg1)
@@ -854,10 +919,12 @@ class TestIPNull(VppTestCase):
         #
         # insert a more specific as a drop
         #
-        r2 = VppIpRoute(self, "1.1.1.1", 32,
-                        [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                      0xffffffff,
-                                      type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_DROP)])
+        r2 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "1.1.1.1",
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", 0xFFFFFFFF, type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_DROP)],
+        )
         r2.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p * NUM_PKTS, "Drop Route")
@@ -866,7 +933,7 @@ class TestIPNull(VppTestCase):
 
 
 class TestIPDisabled(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv4 disabled """
+    """IPv4 disabled"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -897,7 +964,7 @@ class TestIPDisabled(VppTestCase):
             i.admin_down()
 
     def test_ip_disabled(self):
-        """ IP Disabled """
+        """IP Disabled"""
 
         MRouteItfFlags = VppEnum.vl_api_mfib_itf_flags_t
         MRouteEntryFlags = VppEnum.vl_api_mfib_entry_flags_t
@@ -909,24 +976,32 @@ class TestIPDisabled(VppTestCase):
         route_232_1_1_1 = VppIpMRoute(
             self,
             "0.0.0.0",
-            "232.1.1.1", 32,
+            "232.1.1.1",
+            32,
             MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE,
-            [VppMRoutePath(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT),
-             VppMRoutePath(self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD)])
+            [
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg1.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT
+                ),
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD
+                ),
+            ],
+        )
         route_232_1_1_1.add_vpp_config()
 
-        pu = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                    dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-              IP(src="10.10.10.10", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4) /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-        pm = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                    dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-              IP(src="10.10.10.10", dst="232.1.1.1") /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        pu = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src="10.10.10.10", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
+        pm = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src="10.10.10.10", dst="232.1.1.1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         #
         # PG1 does not forward IP traffic
@@ -965,7 +1040,7 @@ class TestIPDisabled(VppTestCase):
 
 
 class TestIPSubNets(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv4 Subnets """
+    """IPv4 Subnets"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -995,22 +1070,26 @@ class TestIPSubNets(VppTestCase):
             i.admin_down()
 
     def test_ip_sub_nets(self):
-        """ IP Sub Nets """
+        """IP Sub Nets"""
 
         #
         # Configure a covering route to forward so we know
         # when we are dropping
         #
-        cover_route = VppIpRoute(self, "10.0.0.0", 8,
-                                 [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                               self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
+        cover_route = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10.0.0.0",
+            8,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4, self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         cover_route.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                   dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-             IP(dst="10.10.10.10", src=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(dst="10.10.10.10", src=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         self.pg1.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -1023,28 +1102,29 @@ class TestIPSubNets(VppTestCase):
         ip_addr_n = socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET, "10.10.10.10")
 
         self.vapi.sw_interface_add_del_address(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            prefix="10.10.10.10/16")
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, prefix="10.10.10.10/16"
+        )
 
-        pn = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                    dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-              IP(dst="10.10.0.0", src=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-        pb = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                    dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-              IP(dst="10.10.255.255", src=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        pn = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(dst="10.10.0.0", src=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
+        pb = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(dst="10.10.255.255", src=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg1, pn, "IP Network address")
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg1, pb, "IP Broadcast address")
 
         # remove the sub-net and we are forwarding via the cover again
         self.vapi.sw_interface_add_del_address(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            prefix="10.10.10.10/16",
-            is_add=0)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, prefix="10.10.10.10/16", is_add=0
+        )
 
         self.pg1.add_stream(pn)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -1062,14 +1142,15 @@ class TestIPSubNets(VppTestCase):
         ip_addr_n = socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET, "10.10.10.10")
 
         self.vapi.sw_interface_add_del_address(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            prefix="10.10.10.10/31")
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, prefix="10.10.10.10/31"
+        )
 
-        pn = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                    dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-              IP(dst="10.10.10.11", src=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        pn = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(dst="10.10.10.11", src=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         self.pg1.add_stream(pn)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -1079,8 +1160,8 @@ class TestIPSubNets(VppTestCase):
 
         # remove the sub-net and we are forwarding via the cover again
         self.vapi.sw_interface_add_del_address(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            prefix="10.10.10.10/31", is_add=0)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, prefix="10.10.10.10/31", is_add=0
+        )
 
         self.pg1.add_stream(pn)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -1089,7 +1170,7 @@ class TestIPSubNets(VppTestCase):
 
 
 class TestIPLoadBalance(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv4 Load-Balancing """
+    """IPv4 Load-Balancing"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -1126,7 +1207,7 @@ class TestIPLoadBalance(VppTestCase):
         return n
 
     def test_ip_load_balance(self):
-        """ IP Load-Balancing """
+        """IP Load-Balancing"""
 
         fhc = VppEnum.vl_api_ip_flow_hash_config_t
         af = VppEnum.vl_api_address_family_t
@@ -1144,33 +1225,47 @@ class TestIPLoadBalance(VppTestCase):
         src_mpls_pkts = []
 
         for ii in range(NUM_PKTS):
-            port_ip_hdr = (IP(dst="10.0.0.1", src="20.0.0.1") /
-                           UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234 + ii) /
-                           Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-            port_ip_pkts.append((Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                       dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                                 port_ip_hdr))
-            port_mpls_pkts.append((Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                         dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                                   MPLS(label=66, ttl=2) /
-                                   port_ip_hdr))
+            port_ip_hdr = (
+                IP(dst="10.0.0.1", src="20.0.0.1")
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234 + ii)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
+            port_ip_pkts.append(
+                (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) / port_ip_hdr)
+            )
+            port_mpls_pkts.append(
+                (
+                    Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                    / MPLS(label=66, ttl=2)
+                    / port_ip_hdr
+                )
+            )
 
-            src_ip_hdr = (IP(dst="10.0.0.1", src="20.0.0.%d" % ii) /
-                          UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                          Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-            src_ip_pkts.append((Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                      dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                                src_ip_hdr))
-            src_mpls_pkts.append((Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                        dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                                  MPLS(label=66, ttl=2) /
-                                  src_ip_hdr))
+            src_ip_hdr = (
+                IP(dst="10.0.0.1", src="20.0.0.%d" % ii)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
+            src_ip_pkts.append(
+                (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) / src_ip_hdr)
+            )
+            src_mpls_pkts.append(
+                (
+                    Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                    / MPLS(label=66, ttl=2)
+                    / src_ip_hdr
+                )
+            )
 
-        route_10_0_0_1 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.0.0.1", 32,
-                                    [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                                  self.pg1.sw_if_index),
-                                     VppRoutePath(self.pg2.remote_ip4,
-                                                  self.pg2.sw_if_index)])
+        route_10_0_0_1 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10.0.0.1",
+            32,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4, self.pg1.sw_if_index),
+                VppRoutePath(self.pg2.remote_ip4, self.pg2.sw_if_index),
+            ],
+        )
         route_10_0_0_1.add_vpp_config()
 
         binding = VppMplsIpBind(self, 66, "10.0.0.1", 32)
@@ -1185,15 +1280,17 @@ class TestIPLoadBalance(VppTestCase):
         # be guaranteed. But with 64 different packets we do expect some
         # balancing. So instead just ensure there is traffic on each link.
         #
-        rx = self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(self.pg0, port_ip_pkts,
-                                                 [self.pg1, self.pg2])
+        rx = self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(
+            self.pg0, port_ip_pkts, [self.pg1, self.pg2]
+        )
         n_ip_pg0 = len(rx[0])
-        self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(self.pg0, src_ip_pkts,
-                                            [self.pg1, self.pg2])
-        self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(self.pg0, port_mpls_pkts,
-                                            [self.pg1, self.pg2])
-        rx = self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(self.pg0, src_mpls_pkts,
-                                                 [self.pg1, self.pg2])
+        self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(self.pg0, src_ip_pkts, [self.pg1, self.pg2])
+        self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(
+            self.pg0, port_mpls_pkts, [self.pg1, self.pg2]
+        )
+        rx = self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(
+            self.pg0, src_mpls_pkts, [self.pg1, self.pg2]
+        )
         n_mpls_pg0 = len(rx[0])
 
         #
@@ -1201,12 +1298,14 @@ class TestIPLoadBalance(VppTestCase):
         #
         self.vapi.set_ip_flow_hash_router_id(router_id=0x11111111)
 
-        rx = self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(self.pg0, port_ip_pkts,
-                                                 [self.pg1, self.pg2])
+        rx = self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(
+            self.pg0, port_ip_pkts, [self.pg1, self.pg2]
+        )
         self.assertNotEqual(n_ip_pg0, len(rx[0]))
 
-        rx = self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(self.pg0, src_mpls_pkts,
-                                                 [self.pg1, self.pg2])
+        rx = self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(
+            self.pg0, src_mpls_pkts, [self.pg1, self.pg2]
+        )
         self.assertNotEqual(n_mpls_pg0, len(rx[0]))
 
         #
@@ -1217,22 +1316,24 @@ class TestIPLoadBalance(VppTestCase):
         self.vapi.set_ip_flow_hash_v2(
             af=af.ADDRESS_IP4,
             table_id=0,
-            flow_hash_config=(fhc.IP_API_FLOW_HASH_SRC_IP |
-                              fhc.IP_API_FLOW_HASH_DST_IP |
-                              fhc.IP_API_FLOW_HASH_PROTO))
+            flow_hash_config=(
+                fhc.IP_API_FLOW_HASH_SRC_IP
+                | fhc.IP_API_FLOW_HASH_DST_IP
+                | fhc.IP_API_FLOW_HASH_PROTO
+            ),
+        )
 
-        self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(self.pg0, src_ip_pkts,
-                                            [self.pg1, self.pg2])
-        self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(self.pg0, src_mpls_pkts,
-                                            [self.pg1, self.pg2])
+        self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(self.pg0, src_ip_pkts, [self.pg1, self.pg2])
+        self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(
+            self.pg0, src_mpls_pkts, [self.pg1, self.pg2]
+        )
 
         self.send_and_expect_only(self.pg0, port_ip_pkts, self.pg2)
 
         #
         # change the flow hash config back to defaults
         #
-        self.vapi.set_ip_flow_hash(vrf_id=0, src=1, dst=1,
-                                   proto=1, sport=1, dport=1)
+        self.vapi.set_ip_flow_hash(vrf_id=0, src=1, dst=1, proto=1, sport=1, dport=1)
 
         #
         # Recursive prefixes
@@ -1243,48 +1344,64 @@ class TestIPLoadBalance(VppTestCase):
         src_pkts = []
 
         for ii in range(257):
-            port_pkts.append((Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                    dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                              IP(dst="1.1.1.1", src="20.0.0.1") /
-                              UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234 + ii) /
-                              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)))
-            src_pkts.append((Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                   dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                             IP(dst="1.1.1.1", src="20.0.0.%d" % ii) /
-                             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)))
+            port_pkts.append(
+                (
+                    Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                    / IP(dst="1.1.1.1", src="20.0.0.1")
+                    / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234 + ii)
+                    / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+                )
+            )
+            src_pkts.append(
+                (
+                    Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                    / IP(dst="1.1.1.1", src="20.0.0.%d" % ii)
+                    / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                    / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+                )
+            )
 
-        route_10_0_0_2 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.0.0.2", 32,
-                                    [VppRoutePath(self.pg3.remote_ip4,
-                                                  self.pg3.sw_if_index),
-                                     VppRoutePath(self.pg4.remote_ip4,
-                                                  self.pg4.sw_if_index)])
+        route_10_0_0_2 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10.0.0.2",
+            32,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(self.pg3.remote_ip4, self.pg3.sw_if_index),
+                VppRoutePath(self.pg4.remote_ip4, self.pg4.sw_if_index),
+            ],
+        )
         route_10_0_0_2.add_vpp_config()
 
-        route_1_1_1_1 = VppIpRoute(self, "1.1.1.1", 32,
-                                   [VppRoutePath("10.0.0.2", 0xffffffff),
-                                    VppRoutePath("10.0.0.1", 0xffffffff)])
+        route_1_1_1_1 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "1.1.1.1",
+            32,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath("10.0.0.2", 0xFFFFFFFF),
+                VppRoutePath("10.0.0.1", 0xFFFFFFFF),
+            ],
+        )
         route_1_1_1_1.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # inject the packet on pg0 - expect load-balancing across all 4 paths
         #
         self.vapi.cli("clear trace")
-        self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(self.pg0, port_pkts,
-                                            [self.pg1, self.pg2,
-                                             self.pg3, self.pg4])
-        self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(self.pg0, src_pkts,
-                                            [self.pg1, self.pg2,
-                                             self.pg3, self.pg4])
+        self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(
+            self.pg0, port_pkts, [self.pg1, self.pg2, self.pg3, self.pg4]
+        )
+        self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(
+            self.pg0, src_pkts, [self.pg1, self.pg2, self.pg3, self.pg4]
+        )
 
         #
         # bring down pg1 expect LB to adjust to use only those that are up
         #
         self.pg1.link_down()
 
-        rx = self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(self.pg0, src_pkts,
-                                                 [self.pg2, self.pg3,
-                                                  self.pg4])
+        rx = self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(
+            self.pg0, src_pkts, [self.pg2, self.pg3, self.pg4]
+        )
         self.assertEqual(len(src_pkts), self.total_len(rx))
 
         #
@@ -1292,8 +1409,9 @@ class TestIPLoadBalance(VppTestCase):
         #
         self.pg2.link_down()
 
-        rx = self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(self.pg0, src_pkts,
-                                                 [self.pg3, self.pg4])
+        rx = self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(
+            self.pg0, src_pkts, [self.pg3, self.pg4]
+        )
         self.assertEqual(len(src_pkts), self.total_len(rx))
 
         #
@@ -1302,9 +1420,9 @@ class TestIPLoadBalance(VppTestCase):
         self.pg1.link_up()
         self.pg2.link_up()
 
-        rx = self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(self.pg0, src_pkts,
-                                                 [self.pg1, self.pg2,
-                                                  self.pg3, self.pg4])
+        rx = self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(
+            self.pg0, src_pkts, [self.pg1, self.pg2, self.pg3, self.pg4]
+        )
         self.assertEqual(len(src_pkts), self.total_len(rx))
 
         #
@@ -1312,16 +1430,17 @@ class TestIPLoadBalance(VppTestCase):
         #
         self.pg1.admin_down()
         self.pg2.admin_down()
-        rx = self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(self.pg0, src_pkts,
-                                                 [self.pg3, self.pg4])
+        rx = self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(
+            self.pg0, src_pkts, [self.pg3, self.pg4]
+        )
         self.assertEqual(len(src_pkts), self.total_len(rx))
         self.pg1.admin_up()
         self.pg2.admin_up()
         self.pg1.resolve_arp()
         self.pg2.resolve_arp()
-        rx = self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(self.pg0, src_pkts,
-                                                 [self.pg1, self.pg2,
-                                                  self.pg3, self.pg4])
+        rx = self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(
+            self.pg0, src_pkts, [self.pg1, self.pg2, self.pg3, self.pg4]
+        )
         self.assertEqual(len(src_pkts), self.total_len(rx))
 
         #
@@ -1331,19 +1450,26 @@ class TestIPLoadBalance(VppTestCase):
         port_pkts = []
 
         for ii in range(257):
-            port_pkts.append((Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                    dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                              IP(dst="1.1.1.2", src="20.0.0.2") /
-                              UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234 + ii) /
-                              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)))
+            port_pkts.append(
+                (
+                    Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                    / IP(dst="1.1.1.2", src="20.0.0.2")
+                    / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234 + ii)
+                    / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+                )
+            )
 
-        route_10_0_0_3 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.0.0.3", 32,
-                                    [VppRoutePath(self.pg3.remote_ip4,
-                                                  self.pg3.sw_if_index)])
+        route_10_0_0_3 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10.0.0.3",
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg3.remote_ip4, self.pg3.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         route_10_0_0_3.add_vpp_config()
 
-        route_1_1_1_2 = VppIpRoute(self, "1.1.1.2", 32,
-                                   [VppRoutePath("10.0.0.3", 0xffffffff)])
+        route_1_1_1_2 = VppIpRoute(
+            self, "1.1.1.2", 32, [VppRoutePath("10.0.0.3", 0xFFFFFFFF)]
+        )
         route_1_1_1_2.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -1358,33 +1484,39 @@ class TestIPLoadBalance(VppTestCase):
         #
         self.pg3.link_down()
 
-        route_10_0_0_3 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.0.0.3", 32,
-                                    [VppRoutePath(self.pg3.remote_ip4,
-                                                  self.pg3.sw_if_index),
-                                     VppRoutePath(self.pg4.remote_ip4,
-                                                  self.pg4.sw_if_index)])
+        route_10_0_0_3 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10.0.0.3",
+            32,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(self.pg3.remote_ip4, self.pg3.sw_if_index),
+                VppRoutePath(self.pg4.remote_ip4, self.pg4.sw_if_index),
+            ],
+        )
         route_10_0_0_3.add_vpp_config()
 
         port_pkts = []
         for ii in range(257):
-            port_pkts.append(Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                   dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                             IP(dst="10.0.0.3", src="20.0.0.2") /
-                             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234 + ii) /
-                             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+            port_pkts.append(
+                Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                / IP(dst="10.0.0.3", src="20.0.0.2")
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234 + ii)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
 
         self.send_and_expect_only(self.pg0, port_pkts, self.pg4)
 
         # bring the link back up
         self.pg3.link_up()
 
-        rx = self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(self.pg0, port_pkts,
-                                                 [self.pg3, self.pg4])
+        rx = self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(
+            self.pg0, port_pkts, [self.pg3, self.pg4]
+        )
         self.assertEqual(len(src_pkts), self.total_len(rx))
 
 
 class TestIPVlan0(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv4 VLAN-0 """
+    """IPv4 VLAN-0"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -1415,15 +1547,15 @@ class TestIPVlan0(VppTestCase):
         super(TestIPVlan0, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_ip_vlan_0(self):
-        """ IP VLAN-0 """
+        """IP VLAN-0"""
 
-        pkts = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                      dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                Dot1Q(vlan=0) /
-                IP(dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                   src=self.pg0.remote_ip4) /
-                UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)) * NUM_PKTS
+        pkts = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / Dot1Q(vlan=0)
+            / IP(dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4, src=self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        ) * NUM_PKTS
 
         #
         # Expect that packets sent on VLAN-0 are forwarded on the
@@ -1433,7 +1565,7 @@ class TestIPVlan0(VppTestCase):
 
 
 class IPPuntSetup(object):
-    """ Setup for IPv4 Punt Police/Redirect """
+    """Setup for IPv4 Punt Police/Redirect"""
 
     def punt_setup(self):
         self.create_pg_interfaces(range(4))
@@ -1449,37 +1581,38 @@ class IPPuntSetup(object):
         af_ip4 = VppEnum.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP4
         udp_proto = VppEnum.vl_api_ip_proto_t.IP_API_PROTO_UDP
         punt_udp = {
-            'type': pt_l4,
-            'punt': {
-                'l4': {
-                    'af': af_ip4,
-                    'protocol': udp_proto,
-                    'port': 1234,
+            "type": pt_l4,
+            "punt": {
+                "l4": {
+                    "af": af_ip4,
+                    "protocol": udp_proto,
+                    "port": 1234,
                 }
-            }
+            },
         }
 
         self.vapi.set_punt(is_add=1, punt=punt_udp)
 
         af_ip6 = VppEnum.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP6
         punt_udp = {
-            'type': pt_l4,
-            'punt': {
-                'l4': {
-                    'af': af_ip6,
-                    'protocol': udp_proto,
-                    'port': 1236,
+            "type": pt_l4,
+            "punt": {
+                "l4": {
+                    "af": af_ip6,
+                    "protocol": udp_proto,
+                    "port": 1236,
                 }
-            }
+            },
         }
 
         self.vapi.set_punt(is_add=1, punt=punt_udp)
 
-        self.pkt = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                          dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                    IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-                    UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                    Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        self.pkt = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
     def punt_teardown(self):
         for i in self.pg_interfaces:
@@ -1488,7 +1621,7 @@ class IPPuntSetup(object):
 
 
 class TestIPPunt(IPPuntSetup, VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv4 Punt Police/Redirect """
+    """IPv4 Punt Police/Redirect"""
 
     def setUp(self):
         super().setUp()
@@ -1499,26 +1632,30 @@ class TestIPPunt(IPPuntSetup, VppTestCase):
         super().tearDown()
 
     def test_ip_punt_api_validation(self):
-        """ IP punt API parameter validation """
+        """IP punt API parameter validation"""
 
         nh_addr = self.pg1.remote_ip4
-        punt = {"rx_sw_if_index": self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                "af": VppEnum.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP4,
-                "n_paths": 1000000,
-                "paths": []}
+        punt = {
+            "rx_sw_if_index": self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+            "af": VppEnum.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP4,
+            "n_paths": 1000000,
+            "paths": [],
+        }
 
         with self.assertRaises(vpp_papi.VPPIOError):
             self.vapi.add_del_ip_punt_redirect_v2(punt=punt, is_add=True)
 
-        punt = {"rx_sw_if_index": self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                "af": VppEnum.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP4,
-                "n_paths": 0,
-                "paths": []}
+        punt = {
+            "rx_sw_if_index": self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+            "af": VppEnum.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP4,
+            "n_paths": 0,
+            "paths": [],
+        }
 
         self.vapi.add_del_ip_punt_redirect_v2(punt=punt, is_add=True)
 
     def test_ip_punt(self):
-        """ IP punt police and redirect """
+        """IP punt police and redirect"""
 
         pkts = self.pkt * 1025
 
@@ -1526,8 +1663,9 @@ class TestIPPunt(IPPuntSetup, VppTestCase):
         # Configure a punt redirect via pg1.
         #
         nh_addr = self.pg1.remote_ip4
-        ip_punt_redirect = VppIpPuntRedirect(self, self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                             self.pg1.sw_if_index, nh_addr)
+        ip_punt_redirect = VppIpPuntRedirect(
+            self, self.pg0.sw_if_index, self.pg1.sw_if_index, nh_addr
+        )
         ip_punt_redirect.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, pkts, self.pg1)
@@ -1554,9 +1692,9 @@ class TestIPPunt(IPPuntSetup, VppTestCase):
         stats = policer.get_stats()
 
         # Single rate policer - expect conform, violate but no exceed
-        self.assertGreater(stats['conform_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertEqual(stats['exceed_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertGreater(stats['violate_packets'], 0)
+        self.assertGreater(stats["conform_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertEqual(stats["exceed_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertGreater(stats["violate_packets"], 0)
 
         self.assertGreater(len(rx), 0)
         self.assertLess(len(rx), len(pkts))
@@ -1572,32 +1710,28 @@ class TestIPPunt(IPPuntSetup, VppTestCase):
         # remove the redirect. expect full drop.
         #
         ip_punt_redirect.remove_vpp_config()
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, pkts,
-                                        "IP no punt config")
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, pkts, "IP no punt config")
 
         #
         # Add a redirect that is not input port selective
         #
-        ip_punt_redirect = VppIpPuntRedirect(self, 0xffffffff,
-                                             self.pg1.sw_if_index, nh_addr)
+        ip_punt_redirect = VppIpPuntRedirect(
+            self, 0xFFFFFFFF, self.pg1.sw_if_index, nh_addr
+        )
         ip_punt_redirect.add_vpp_config()
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, pkts, self.pg1)
         ip_punt_redirect.remove_vpp_config()
 
     def test_ip_punt_vrf(self):
-        """ IP punt/local with VRFs """
+        """IP punt/local with VRFs"""
 
         # use a punt redirect to test if for-us  packets are accepted
         pkts = self.pkt * 1025
 
-        vlans_pg0 = [VppDot1QSubint(self, self.pg0, v)
-                     for v in range(100, 104)]
-        vlans_pg1 = [VppDot1QSubint(self, self.pg1, v)
-                     for v in range(100, 104)]
-        tbl4 = [VppIpTable(self, v).add_vpp_config()
-                for v in range(100, 104)]
-        tbl6 = [VppIpTable(self, v, True).add_vpp_config()
-                for v in range(100, 104)]
+        vlans_pg0 = [VppDot1QSubint(self, self.pg0, v) for v in range(100, 104)]
+        vlans_pg1 = [VppDot1QSubint(self, self.pg1, v) for v in range(100, 104)]
+        tbl4 = [VppIpTable(self, v).add_vpp_config() for v in range(100, 104)]
+        tbl6 = [VppIpTable(self, v, True).add_vpp_config() for v in range(100, 104)]
 
         for v in vlans_pg0 + vlans_pg1:
             v.admin_up()
@@ -1608,27 +1742,35 @@ class TestIPPunt(IPPuntSetup, VppTestCase):
             v.resolve_arp()
             v.resolve_ndp()
 
-        [VppIpPuntRedirect
-         (self,
-          vlans_pg0[i].sw_if_index,
-          vlans_pg1[i].sw_if_index,
-          vlans_pg1[i].remote_ip4).add_vpp_config()
-         for i in range(4)]
-        [VppIpPuntRedirect
-         (self,
-          vlans_pg0[i].sw_if_index,
-          vlans_pg1[i].sw_if_index,
-          vlans_pg1[i].remote_ip6).add_vpp_config()
-         for i in range(4)]
+        [
+            VppIpPuntRedirect(
+                self,
+                vlans_pg0[i].sw_if_index,
+                vlans_pg1[i].sw_if_index,
+                vlans_pg1[i].remote_ip4,
+            ).add_vpp_config()
+            for i in range(4)
+        ]
+        [
+            VppIpPuntRedirect(
+                self,
+                vlans_pg0[i].sw_if_index,
+                vlans_pg1[i].sw_if_index,
+                vlans_pg1[i].remote_ip6,
+            ).add_vpp_config()
+            for i in range(4)
+        ]
 
-        pkts = [(Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                 Dot1Q(vlan=i.vlan) /
-                 IP(src=i.remote_ip4,
-                    dst=i.local_ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-                for i in vlans_pg0]
+        pkts = [
+            (
+                Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                / Dot1Q(vlan=i.vlan)
+                / IP(src=i.remote_ip4, dst=i.local_ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
+            for i in vlans_pg0
+        ]
 
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, pkts, self.pg1)
 
@@ -1637,33 +1779,37 @@ class TestIPPunt(IPPuntSetup, VppTestCase):
         #
 
         # we reject packets for source addresses in the wrong vlan/VRF
-        pkts = [(Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                 Dot1Q(vlan=i.vlan) /
-                 IP(src="1.1.1.1",
-                    dst=i.local_ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-                for i in vlans_pg0]
+        pkts = [
+            (
+                Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                / Dot1Q(vlan=i.vlan)
+                / IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst=i.local_ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
+            for i in vlans_pg0
+        ]
         # single and dual loop
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, [pkts[0]])
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, pkts)
 
         self.assert_error_counter_equal(
-            "/err/ip4-local/ip4 source lookup miss",
-            len(pkts) + 1)
+            "/err/ip4-local/ip4 source lookup miss", len(pkts) + 1
+        )
 
         # using the same source in different tables, should reject
         # for the table that the source is not present in
         # the first packet in the stream is drop
-        pkts = [(Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                 Dot1Q(vlan=i.vlan) /
-                 IP(src=vlans_pg0[0].remote_ip4,
-                    dst=i.local_ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-                for i in vlans_pg0]
+        pkts = [
+            (
+                Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                / Dot1Q(vlan=i.vlan)
+                / IP(src=vlans_pg0[0].remote_ip4, dst=i.local_ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
+            for i in vlans_pg0
+        ]
         # single loop accept and drop
         # followed by both in the same frame/loop
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [pkts[0]], self.pg1)
@@ -1673,14 +1819,16 @@ class TestIPPunt(IPPuntSetup, VppTestCase):
         # using the same source in different tables, should reject
         # for the table that the source is not present in
         # the first packet in the stream is accept
-        pkts = [(Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                 Dot1Q(vlan=i.vlan) /
-                 IP(src=vlans_pg0[3].remote_ip4,
-                    dst=i.local_ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-                for i in vlans_pg0]
+        pkts = [
+            (
+                Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                / Dot1Q(vlan=i.vlan)
+                / IP(src=vlans_pg0[3].remote_ip4, dst=i.local_ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
+            for i in vlans_pg0
+        ]
 
         # single loop accept and drop
         # followed by both in the same frame/loop
@@ -1693,33 +1841,37 @@ class TestIPPunt(IPPuntSetup, VppTestCase):
         #
 
         # we reject packets for source addresses in the wrong vlan/VRF
-        pkts = [(Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                 Dot1Q(vlan=i.vlan) /
-                 IPv6(src="1::1",
-                      dst=i.local_ip6) /
-                 UDP(sport=1236, dport=1236) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-                for i in vlans_pg0]
+        pkts = [
+            (
+                Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                / Dot1Q(vlan=i.vlan)
+                / IPv6(src="1::1", dst=i.local_ip6)
+                / UDP(sport=1236, dport=1236)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
+            for i in vlans_pg0
+        ]
         # single and dual loop
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, [pkts[0]])
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, pkts)
 
         self.assert_error_counter_equal(
-            "/err/ip6-input/ip6 source lookup miss",
-            len(pkts) + 1)
+            "/err/ip6-input/ip6 source lookup miss", len(pkts) + 1
+        )
 
         # using the same source in different tables, should reject
         # for the table that the source is not present in
         # the first packet in the stream is drop
-        pkts = [(Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                 Dot1Q(vlan=i.vlan) /
-                 IPv6(src=vlans_pg0[0].remote_ip6,
-                      dst=i.local_ip6) /
-                 UDP(sport=1236, dport=1236) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-                for i in vlans_pg0]
+        pkts = [
+            (
+                Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                / Dot1Q(vlan=i.vlan)
+                / IPv6(src=vlans_pg0[0].remote_ip6, dst=i.local_ip6)
+                / UDP(sport=1236, dport=1236)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
+            for i in vlans_pg0
+        ]
         # single loop accept and drop
         # followed by both in the same frame/loop
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [pkts[0]], self.pg1)
@@ -1729,14 +1881,16 @@ class TestIPPunt(IPPuntSetup, VppTestCase):
         # using the same source in different tables, should reject
         # for the table that the source is not present in
         # the first packet in the stream is accept
-        pkts = [(Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                 Dot1Q(vlan=i.vlan) /
-                 IPv6(src=vlans_pg0[3].remote_ip6,
-                      dst=i.local_ip6) /
-                 UDP(sport=1236, dport=1236) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-                for i in vlans_pg0]
+        pkts = [
+            (
+                Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                / Dot1Q(vlan=i.vlan)
+                / IPv6(src=vlans_pg0[3].remote_ip6, dst=i.local_ip6)
+                / UDP(sport=1236, dport=1236)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
+            for i in vlans_pg0
+        ]
 
         # single loop accept and drop
         # followed by both in the same frame/loop
@@ -1751,18 +1905,21 @@ class TestIPPunt(IPPuntSetup, VppTestCase):
             v.set_table_ip6(0)
 
     def test_ip_punt_dump(self):
-        """ IP4 punt redirect dump"""
+        """IP4 punt redirect dump"""
 
         #
         # Configure a punt redirects
         #
         nh_address = self.pg3.remote_ip4
-        ipr_03 = VppIpPuntRedirect(self, self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                   self.pg3.sw_if_index, nh_address)
-        ipr_13 = VppIpPuntRedirect(self, self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                   self.pg3.sw_if_index, nh_address)
-        ipr_23 = VppIpPuntRedirect(self, self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                                   self.pg3.sw_if_index, "0.0.0.0")
+        ipr_03 = VppIpPuntRedirect(
+            self, self.pg0.sw_if_index, self.pg3.sw_if_index, nh_address
+        )
+        ipr_13 = VppIpPuntRedirect(
+            self, self.pg1.sw_if_index, self.pg3.sw_if_index, nh_address
+        )
+        ipr_23 = VppIpPuntRedirect(
+            self, self.pg2.sw_if_index, self.pg3.sw_if_index, "0.0.0.0"
+        )
         ipr_03.add_vpp_config()
         ipr_13.add_vpp_config()
         ipr_23.add_vpp_config()
@@ -1777,16 +1934,17 @@ class TestIPPunt(IPPuntSetup, VppTestCase):
         #
         # Dump punt redirects for all interfaces
         #
-        punts = self.vapi.ip_punt_redirect_dump(0xffffffff)
+        punts = self.vapi.ip_punt_redirect_dump(0xFFFFFFFF)
         self.assertEqual(len(punts), 3)
         for p in punts:
             self.assertEqual(p.punt.tx_sw_if_index, self.pg3.sw_if_index)
         self.assertNotEqual(punts[1].punt.nh, self.pg3.remote_ip4)
-        self.assertEqual(str(punts[2].punt.nh), '0.0.0.0')
+        self.assertEqual(str(punts[2].punt.nh), "0.0.0.0")
 
 
 class TestIPPuntHandoff(IPPuntSetup, VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv4 Punt Policer thread handoff """
+    """IPv4 Punt Policer thread handoff"""
+
     vpp_worker_count = 2
 
     def setUp(self):
@@ -1798,26 +1956,40 @@ class TestIPPuntHandoff(IPPuntSetup, VppTestCase):
         super(TestIPPuntHandoff, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_ip_punt_policer_handoff(self):
-        """ IP4 punt policer thread handoff """
+        """IP4 punt policer thread handoff"""
         pkts = self.pkt * NUM_PKTS
 
         #
         # Configure a punt redirect via pg1.
         #
         nh_addr = self.pg1.remote_ip4
-        ip_punt_redirect = VppIpPuntRedirect(self, self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                             self.pg1.sw_if_index, nh_addr)
+        ip_punt_redirect = VppIpPuntRedirect(
+            self, self.pg0.sw_if_index, self.pg1.sw_if_index, nh_addr
+        )
         ip_punt_redirect.add_vpp_config()
 
         action_tx = PolicerAction(
-            VppEnum.vl_api_sse2_qos_action_type_t.SSE2_QOS_ACTION_API_TRANSMIT,
-            0)
+            VppEnum.vl_api_sse2_qos_action_type_t.SSE2_QOS_ACTION_API_TRANSMIT, 0
+        )
         #
         # This policer drops no packets, we are just
         # testing that they get to the right thread.
         #
-        policer = VppPolicer(self, "ip4-punt", 400, 0, 10, 0, 1,
-                             0, 0, False, action_tx, action_tx, action_tx)
+        policer = VppPolicer(
+            self,
+            "ip4-punt",
+            400,
+            0,
+            10,
+            0,
+            1,
+            0,
+            0,
+            False,
+            action_tx,
+            action_tx,
+            action_tx,
+        )
         policer.add_vpp_config()
         ip_punt_policer = VppIpPuntPolicer(self, policer.policer_index)
         ip_punt_policer.add_vpp_config()
@@ -1830,9 +2002,9 @@ class TestIPPuntHandoff(IPPuntSetup, VppTestCase):
         stats = policer.get_stats()
 
         # Single rate policer - expect conform, violate but no exceed
-        self.assertGreater(stats['conform_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertEqual(stats['exceed_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertGreater(stats['violate_packets'], 0)
+        self.assertGreater(stats["conform_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertEqual(stats["exceed_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertGreater(stats["violate_packets"], 0)
 
         # Worker 0, should have done all the policing
         stats0 = policer.get_stats(worker=0)
@@ -1840,9 +2012,9 @@ class TestIPPuntHandoff(IPPuntSetup, VppTestCase):
 
         # Worker 1, should have handed everything off
         stats1 = policer.get_stats(worker=1)
-        self.assertEqual(stats1['conform_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertEqual(stats1['exceed_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertEqual(stats1['violate_packets'], 0)
+        self.assertEqual(stats1["conform_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertEqual(stats1["exceed_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertEqual(stats1["violate_packets"], 0)
 
         # Bind the policer to worker 1 and repeat
         policer.bind_vpp_config(1, True)
@@ -1855,19 +2027,23 @@ class TestIPPuntHandoff(IPPuntSetup, VppTestCase):
         stats0 = policer.get_stats(worker=0)
         stats1 = policer.get_stats(worker=1)
 
-        self.assertGreater(stats0['conform_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertEqual(stats0['exceed_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertGreater(stats0['violate_packets'], 0)
+        self.assertGreater(stats0["conform_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertEqual(stats0["exceed_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertGreater(stats0["violate_packets"], 0)
 
-        self.assertGreater(stats1['conform_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertEqual(stats1['exceed_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertGreater(stats1['violate_packets'], 0)
+        self.assertGreater(stats1["conform_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertEqual(stats1["exceed_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertGreater(stats1["violate_packets"], 0)
 
-        self.assertEqual(stats0['conform_packets'] + stats1['conform_packets'],
-                         stats['conform_packets'])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            stats0["conform_packets"] + stats1["conform_packets"],
+            stats["conform_packets"],
+        )
 
-        self.assertEqual(stats0['violate_packets'] + stats1['violate_packets'],
-                         stats['violate_packets'])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            stats0["violate_packets"] + stats1["violate_packets"],
+            stats["violate_packets"],
+        )
 
         # Unbind the policer and repeat
         policer.bind_vpp_config(1, False)
@@ -1880,11 +2056,9 @@ class TestIPPuntHandoff(IPPuntSetup, VppTestCase):
         stats0new = policer.get_stats(worker=0)
         stats1new = policer.get_stats(worker=1)
 
-        self.assertGreater(stats0new['conform_packets'],
-                           stats0['conform_packets'])
-        self.assertEqual(stats0new['exceed_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertGreater(stats0new['violate_packets'],
-                           stats0['violate_packets'])
+        self.assertGreater(stats0new["conform_packets"], stats0["conform_packets"])
+        self.assertEqual(stats0new["exceed_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertGreater(stats0new["violate_packets"], stats0["violate_packets"])
 
         self.assertEqual(stats1, stats1new)
 
@@ -1897,7 +2071,7 @@ class TestIPPuntHandoff(IPPuntSetup, VppTestCase):
 
 
 class TestIPDeag(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv4 Deaggregate Routes """
+    """IPv4 Deaggregate Routes"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -1924,7 +2098,7 @@ class TestIPDeag(VppTestCase):
             i.admin_down()
 
     def test_ip_deag(self):
-        """ IP Deag Routes """
+        """IP Deag Routes"""
 
         #
         # Create a table to be used for:
@@ -1940,16 +2114,22 @@ class TestIPDeag(VppTestCase):
         # Add a route in the default table to point to a deag/
         # second lookup in each of these tables
         #
-        route_to_dst = VppIpRoute(self, "1.1.1.1", 32,
-                                  [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                                0xffffffff,
-                                                nh_table_id=1)])
+        route_to_dst = VppIpRoute(
+            self, "1.1.1.1", 32, [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", 0xFFFFFFFF, nh_table_id=1)]
+        )
         route_to_src = VppIpRoute(
-            self, "1.1.1.2", 32,
-            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                          0xffffffff,
-                          nh_table_id=2,
-                          type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_SOURCE_LOOKUP)])
+            self,
+            "1.1.1.2",
+            32,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "0.0.0.0",
+                    0xFFFFFFFF,
+                    nh_table_id=2,
+                    type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_SOURCE_LOOKUP,
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route_to_dst.add_vpp_config()
         route_to_src.add_vpp_config()
 
@@ -1957,31 +2137,34 @@ class TestIPDeag(VppTestCase):
         # packets to these destination are dropped, since they'll
         # hit the respective default routes in the second table
         #
-        p_dst = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                 IP(src="5.5.5.5", dst="1.1.1.1") /
-                 TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-        p_src = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                 IP(src="2.2.2.2", dst="1.1.1.2") /
-                 TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p_dst = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src="5.5.5.5", dst="1.1.1.1")
+            / TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
+        p_src = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src="2.2.2.2", dst="1.1.1.2")
+            / TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
         pkts_dst = p_dst * 257
         pkts_src = p_src * 257
 
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, pkts_dst,
-                                        "IP in dst table")
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, pkts_src,
-                                        "IP in src table")
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, pkts_dst, "IP in dst table")
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, pkts_src, "IP in src table")
 
         #
         # add a route in the dst table to forward via pg1
         #
-        route_in_dst = VppIpRoute(self, "1.1.1.1", 32,
-                                  [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                                self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
-                                  table_id=1)
+        route_in_dst = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "1.1.1.1",
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4, self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+            table_id=1,
+        )
         route_in_dst.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, pkts_dst, self.pg1)
@@ -1989,34 +2172,36 @@ class TestIPDeag(VppTestCase):
         #
         # add a route in the src table to forward via pg2
         #
-        route_in_src = VppIpRoute(self, "2.2.2.2", 32,
-                                  [VppRoutePath(self.pg2.remote_ip4,
-                                                self.pg2.sw_if_index)],
-                                  table_id=2)
+        route_in_src = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "2.2.2.2",
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg2.remote_ip4, self.pg2.sw_if_index)],
+            table_id=2,
+        )
         route_in_src.add_vpp_config()
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, pkts_src, self.pg2)
 
         #
         # loop in the lookup DP
         #
-        route_loop = VppIpRoute(self, "2.2.2.3", 32,
-                                [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                              0xffffffff,
-                                              nh_table_id=0)])
+        route_loop = VppIpRoute(
+            self, "2.2.2.3", 32, [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", 0xFFFFFFFF, nh_table_id=0)]
+        )
         route_loop.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p_l = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                     dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-               IP(src="2.2.2.4", dst="2.2.2.3") /
-               TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-               Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p_l = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src="2.2.2.4", dst="2.2.2.3")
+            / TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p_l * 257,
-                                        "IP lookup loop")
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p_l * 257, "IP lookup loop")
 
 
 class TestIPInput(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv4 Input Exceptions """
+    """IPv4 Input Exceptions"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -2043,7 +2228,7 @@ class TestIPInput(VppTestCase):
             i.admin_down()
 
     def test_ip_input(self):
-        """ IP Input Exceptions """
+        """IP Input Exceptions"""
 
         # i can't find a way in scapy to construct an IP packet
         # with a length less than the IP header length
@@ -2051,103 +2236,95 @@ class TestIPInput(VppTestCase):
         #
         # Packet too short - this is forwarded
         #
-        p_short = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                         dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                   IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                      dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                      len=40) /
-                   UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                   Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p_short = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4, len=40)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_short * NUM_PKTS, self.pg1)
 
         #
         # Packet too long - this is dropped
         #
-        p_long = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                        dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                  IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                     dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                     len=400) /
-                  UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                  Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p_long = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4, len=400)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
-        rx = self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p_long * NUM_PKTS,
-                                             "too long")
+        rx = self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p_long * NUM_PKTS, "too long")
 
         #
         # bad chksum - this is dropped
         #
-        p_chksum = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                          dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                    IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                       dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                       chksum=400) /
-                    UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                    Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p_chksum = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4, chksum=400)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
-        rx = self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p_chksum * NUM_PKTS,
-                                             "bad checksum")
+        rx = self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
+            self.pg0, p_chksum * NUM_PKTS, "bad checksum"
+        )
 
         #
         # bad version - this is dropped
         #
-        p_ver = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                    dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                    version=3) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p_ver = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4, version=3)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
-        rx = self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p_ver * NUM_PKTS,
-                                             "funky version")
+        rx = self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
+            self.pg0, p_ver * NUM_PKTS, "funky version"
+        )
 
         #
         # fragment offset 1 - this is dropped
         #
-        p_frag = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                        dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                  IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                     dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                     frag=1) /
-                  UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                  Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p_frag = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4, frag=1)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
-        rx = self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p_frag * NUM_PKTS,
-                                             "frag offset")
+        rx = self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p_frag * NUM_PKTS, "frag offset")
 
         #
         # TTL expired packet
         #
-        p_ttl = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                    dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                    ttl=1) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p_ttl = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4, ttl=1)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect_some(self.pg0, p_ttl * NUM_PKTS, self.pg0)
 
         for rx in rxs:
             icmp = rx[ICMP]
             self.assertEqual(icmptypes[icmp.type], "time-exceeded")
-            self.assertEqual(icmpcodes[icmp.type][icmp.code],
-                             "ttl-zero-during-transit")
+            self.assertEqual(icmpcodes[icmp.type][icmp.code], "ttl-zero-during-transit")
             self.assertEqual(icmp.src, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
             self.assertEqual(icmp.dst, self.pg1.remote_ip4)
 
         #
         # MTU exceeded
         #
-        p_mtu = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                    dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                    ttl=10, flags='DF') /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 2000))
+        p_mtu = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4, ttl=10, flags="DF")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 2000)
+        )
 
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(self.pg1.sw_if_index, [1500, 0, 0, 0])
 
@@ -2156,8 +2333,7 @@ class TestIPInput(VppTestCase):
         for rx in rxs:
             icmp = rx[ICMP]
             self.assertEqual(icmptypes[icmp.type], "dest-unreach")
-            self.assertEqual(icmpcodes[icmp.type][icmp.code],
-                             "fragmentation-needed")
+            self.assertEqual(icmpcodes[icmp.type][icmp.code], "fragmentation-needed")
             self.assertEqual(icmp.nexthopmtu, 1500)
             self.assertEqual(icmp.src, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
             self.assertEqual(icmp.dst, self.pg1.remote_ip4)
@@ -2171,25 +2347,25 @@ class TestIPInput(VppTestCase):
         #
         # source address 0.0.0.0 and 25.255.255.255 and for-us
         #
-        p_s0 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                      dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                IP(src="0.0.0.0",
-                   dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-                ICMP(id=4, seq=4) /
-                Raw(load=b'\x0a' * 18))
+        p_s0 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src="0.0.0.0", dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+            / ICMP(id=4, seq=4)
+            / Raw(load=b"\x0a" * 18)
+        )
         rx = self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p_s0 * 17)
 
-        p_s0 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                      dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                IP(src="255.255.255.255",
-                   dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-                ICMP(id=4, seq=4) /
-                Raw(load=b'\x0a' * 18))
+        p_s0 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src="255.255.255.255", dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+            / ICMP(id=4, seq=4)
+            / Raw(load=b"\x0a" * 18)
+        )
         rx = self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p_s0 * 17)
 
 
 class TestIPDirectedBroadcast(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv4 Directed Broadcast """
+    """IPv4 Directed Broadcast"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -2213,26 +2389,25 @@ class TestIPDirectedBroadcast(VppTestCase):
             i.admin_down()
 
     def test_ip_input(self):
-        """ IP Directed Broadcast """
+        """IP Directed Broadcast"""
 
         #
         # set the directed broadcast on pg0 first, then config IP4 addresses
         # for pg1 directed broadcast is always disabled
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_ip_directed_broadcast(
-            self.pg0.sw_if_index, 1)
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_ip_directed_broadcast(self.pg0.sw_if_index, 1)
 
-        p0 = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                    dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-              IP(src="1.1.1.1",
-                 dst=self.pg0._local_ip4_bcast) /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 2000))
-        p1 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                    dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-              IP(src="1.1.1.1",
-                 dst=self.pg1._local_ip4_bcast) /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 2000))
+        p0 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst=self.pg0._local_ip4_bcast)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 2000)
+        )
+        p1 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst=self.pg1._local_ip4_bcast)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 2000)
+        )
 
         self.pg0.config_ip4()
         self.pg0.resolve_arp()
@@ -2245,19 +2420,19 @@ class TestIPDirectedBroadcast(VppTestCase):
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p0 * NUM_PKTS, self.pg0)
         self.assertTrue(rx[0][Ether].dst, "ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff")
 
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p1 * NUM_PKTS,
-                                        "directed broadcast disabled")
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
+            self.pg0, p1 * NUM_PKTS, "directed broadcast disabled"
+        )
 
         #
         # toggle directed broadcast on pg0
         #
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_ip_directed_broadcast(
-            self.pg0.sw_if_index, 0)
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg1, p0 * NUM_PKTS,
-                                        "directed broadcast disabled")
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_ip_directed_broadcast(self.pg0.sw_if_index, 0)
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
+            self.pg1, p0 * NUM_PKTS, "directed broadcast disabled"
+        )
 
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_ip_directed_broadcast(
-            self.pg0.sw_if_index, 1)
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_ip_directed_broadcast(self.pg0.sw_if_index, 1)
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p0 * NUM_PKTS, self.pg0)
 
         self.pg0.unconfig_ip4()
@@ -2265,7 +2440,7 @@ class TestIPDirectedBroadcast(VppTestCase):
 
 
 class TestIPLPM(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv4 longest Prefix Match """
+    """IPv4 longest Prefix Match"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -2292,29 +2467,35 @@ class TestIPLPM(VppTestCase):
             i.unconfig_ip4()
 
     def test_ip_lpm(self):
-        """ IP longest Prefix Match """
+        """IP longest Prefix Match"""
 
-        s_24 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.1.2.0", 24,
-                          [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                        self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
+        s_24 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10.1.2.0",
+            24,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4, self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         s_24.add_vpp_config()
-        s_8 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.0.0.0", 8,
-                         [VppRoutePath(self.pg2.remote_ip4,
-                                       self.pg2.sw_if_index)])
+        s_8 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10.0.0.0",
+            8,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg2.remote_ip4, self.pg2.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         s_8.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p_8 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                     dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-               IP(src="1.1.1.1",
-                  dst="10.1.1.1") /
-               UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-               Raw(b'\xa5' * 2000))
-        p_24 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                      dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                IP(src="1.1.1.1",
-                   dst="10.1.2.1") /
-                UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                Raw(b'\xa5' * 2000))
+        p_8 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="10.1.1.1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 2000)
+        )
+        p_24 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="10.1.2.1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 2000)
+        )
 
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh ip fib mtrie"))
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_8 * NUM_PKTS, self.pg2)
@@ -2323,7 +2504,7 @@ class TestIPLPM(VppTestCase):
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 class TestIPv4Frag(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv4 fragmentation """
+    """IPv4 fragmentation"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -2344,25 +2525,29 @@ class TestIPv4Frag(VppTestCase):
         super(TestIPv4Frag, cls).tearDownClass()
 
     def test_frag_large_packets(self):
-        """ Fragmentation of large packets """
+        """Fragmentation of large packets"""
 
         self.vapi.cli("adjacency counters enable")
 
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.src_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678) / Raw())
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.src_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678)
+            / Raw()
+        )
         self.extend_packet(p, 6000, "abcde")
         saved_payload = p[Raw].load
 
-        nbr = VppNeighbor(self,
-                          self.dst_if.sw_if_index,
-                          self.dst_if.remote_mac,
-                          self.dst_if.remote_ip4).add_vpp_config()
+        nbr = VppNeighbor(
+            self,
+            self.dst_if.sw_if_index,
+            self.dst_if.remote_mac,
+            self.dst_if.remote_ip4,
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         # Force fragmentation by setting MTU of output interface
         # lower than packet size
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(self.dst_if.sw_if_index,
-                                       [5000, 0, 0, 0])
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(self.dst_if.sw_if_index, [5000, 0, 0, 0])
 
         self.pg_enable_capture()
         self.src_if.add_stream(p)
@@ -2373,10 +2558,10 @@ class TestIPv4Frag(VppTestCase):
         packets = self.dst_if.get_capture(3)
 
         # we should show 3 packets thru the neighbor
-        self.assertEqual(3, nbr.get_stats()['packets'])
+        self.assertEqual(3, nbr.get_stats()["packets"])
 
         # Assume VPP sends the fragments in order
-        payload = b''
+        payload = b""
         for p in packets:
             payload_offset = p.frag * 8
             if payload_offset > 0:
@@ -2387,7 +2572,7 @@ class TestIPv4Frag(VppTestCase):
 
 
 class TestIPReplace(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv4 Table Replace """
+    """IPv4 Table Replace"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -2420,7 +2605,7 @@ class TestIPReplace(VppTestCase):
             i.unconfig_ip4()
 
     def test_replace(self):
-        """ IP Table Replace """
+        """IP Table Replace"""
 
         MRouteItfFlags = VppEnum.vl_api_mfib_itf_flags_t
         MRouteEntryFlags = VppEnum.vl_api_mfib_entry_flags_t
@@ -2432,27 +2617,46 @@ class TestIPReplace(VppTestCase):
         for ii, t in enumerate(self.tables):
             for jj in range(N_ROUTES):
                 uni = VppIpRoute(
-                    self, "10.0.0.%d" % jj, 32,
-                    [VppRoutePath(links[ii].remote_hosts[0].ip4,
-                                  links[ii].sw_if_index),
-                     VppRoutePath(links[ii].remote_hosts[1].ip4,
-                                  links[ii].sw_if_index)],
-                    table_id=t.table_id).add_vpp_config()
+                    self,
+                    "10.0.0.%d" % jj,
+                    32,
+                    [
+                        VppRoutePath(
+                            links[ii].remote_hosts[0].ip4, links[ii].sw_if_index
+                        ),
+                        VppRoutePath(
+                            links[ii].remote_hosts[1].ip4, links[ii].sw_if_index
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                    table_id=t.table_id,
+                ).add_vpp_config()
                 multi = VppIpMRoute(
-                    self, "0.0.0.0",
-                    "239.0.0.%d" % jj, 32,
+                    self,
+                    "0.0.0.0",
+                    "239.0.0.%d" % jj,
+                    32,
                     MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE,
-                    [VppMRoutePath(self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                   MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT),
-                     VppMRoutePath(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                   MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD),
-                     VppMRoutePath(self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                                   MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD),
-                     VppMRoutePath(self.pg3.sw_if_index,
-                                   MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD)],
-                    table_id=t.table_id).add_vpp_config()
-                routes[ii].append({'uni': uni,
-                                   'multi': multi})
+                    [
+                        VppMRoutePath(
+                            self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+                            MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT,
+                        ),
+                        VppMRoutePath(
+                            self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+                            MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
+                        ),
+                        VppMRoutePath(
+                            self.pg2.sw_if_index,
+                            MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
+                        ),
+                        VppMRoutePath(
+                            self.pg3.sw_if_index,
+                            MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                    table_id=t.table_id,
+                ).add_vpp_config()
+                routes[ii].append({"uni": uni, "multi": multi})
 
         #
         # replace the tables a few times
@@ -2467,14 +2671,14 @@ class TestIPReplace(VppTestCase):
                 dump = t.dump()
                 mdump = t.mdump()
                 for r in routes[ii]:
-                    self.assertTrue(find_route_in_dump(dump, r['uni'], t))
-                    self.assertTrue(find_mroute_in_dump(mdump, r['multi'], t))
+                    self.assertTrue(find_route_in_dump(dump, r["uni"], t))
+                    self.assertTrue(find_mroute_in_dump(mdump, r["multi"], t))
 
             # redownload the even numbered routes
             for ii, t in enumerate(self.tables):
                 for jj in range(0, N_ROUTES, 2):
-                    routes[ii][jj]['uni'].add_vpp_config()
-                    routes[ii][jj]['multi'].add_vpp_config()
+                    routes[ii][jj]["uni"].add_vpp_config()
+                    routes[ii][jj]["multi"].add_vpp_config()
 
             # signal each table replace_end
             for t in self.tables:
@@ -2485,29 +2689,29 @@ class TestIPReplace(VppTestCase):
                 dump = t.dump()
                 mdump = t.mdump()
                 for jj in range(0, N_ROUTES, 2):
-                    self.assertTrue(find_route_in_dump(
-                        dump, routes[ii][jj]['uni'], t))
-                    self.assertTrue(find_mroute_in_dump(
-                        mdump, routes[ii][jj]['multi'], t))
+                    self.assertTrue(find_route_in_dump(dump, routes[ii][jj]["uni"], t))
+                    self.assertTrue(
+                        find_mroute_in_dump(mdump, routes[ii][jj]["multi"], t)
+                    )
                 for jj in range(1, N_ROUTES - 1, 2):
-                    self.assertFalse(find_route_in_dump(
-                        dump, routes[ii][jj]['uni'], t))
-                    self.assertFalse(find_mroute_in_dump(
-                        mdump, routes[ii][jj]['multi'], t))
+                    self.assertFalse(find_route_in_dump(dump, routes[ii][jj]["uni"], t))
+                    self.assertFalse(
+                        find_mroute_in_dump(mdump, routes[ii][jj]["multi"], t)
+                    )
 
             # reload all the routes
             for ii, t in enumerate(self.tables):
                 for r in routes[ii]:
-                    r['uni'].add_vpp_config()
-                    r['multi'].add_vpp_config()
+                    r["uni"].add_vpp_config()
+                    r["multi"].add_vpp_config()
 
             # all the routes are still there
             for ii, t in enumerate(self.tables):
                 dump = t.dump()
                 mdump = t.mdump()
                 for r in routes[ii]:
-                    self.assertTrue(find_route_in_dump(dump, r['uni'], t))
-                    self.assertTrue(find_mroute_in_dump(mdump, r['multi'], t))
+                    self.assertTrue(find_route_in_dump(dump, r["uni"], t))
+                    self.assertTrue(find_mroute_in_dump(mdump, r["multi"], t))
 
         #
         # finally flush the tables for good measure
@@ -2519,7 +2723,7 @@ class TestIPReplace(VppTestCase):
 
 
 class TestIPCover(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv4 Table Cover """
+    """IPv4 Table Cover"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -2552,7 +2756,7 @@ class TestIPCover(VppTestCase):
             i.unconfig_ip4()
 
     def test_cover(self):
-        """ IP Table Cover """
+        """IP Table Cover"""
 
         # add a loop back with a /32 prefix
         lo = VppLoInterface(self)
@@ -2560,21 +2764,23 @@ class TestIPCover(VppTestCase):
         a = VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, lo, "127.0.0.1", 32).add_vpp_config()
 
         # add a neighbour that matches the loopback's /32
-        nbr = VppNeighbor(self,
-                          lo.sw_if_index,
-                          lo.remote_mac,
-                          "127.0.0.1").add_vpp_config()
+        nbr = VppNeighbor(
+            self, lo.sw_if_index, lo.remote_mac, "127.0.0.1"
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         # add the default route which will be the cover for /32
-        r = VppIpRoute(self, "0.0.0.0", 0,
-                       [VppRoutePath("127.0.0.1",
-                                     lo.sw_if_index)],
-                       register=False).add_vpp_config()
+        r = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "0.0.0.0",
+            0,
+            [VppRoutePath("127.0.0.1", lo.sw_if_index)],
+            register=False,
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         # add/remove/add a longer mask cover
-        r8 = VppIpRoute(self, "127.0.0.0", 8,
-                        [VppRoutePath("127.0.0.1",
-                                      lo.sw_if_index)]).add_vpp_config()
+        r8 = VppIpRoute(
+            self, "127.0.0.0", 8, [VppRoutePath("127.0.0.1", lo.sw_if_index)]
+        ).add_vpp_config()
         r8.remove_vpp_config()
         r8.add_vpp_config()
         r8.remove_vpp_config()
@@ -2587,7 +2793,7 @@ class TestIPCover(VppTestCase):
 
 
 class TestIP4Replace(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv4 Interface Address Replace """
+    """IPv4 Interface Address Replace"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -2614,7 +2820,7 @@ class TestIP4Replace(VppTestCase):
         return len(self.vapi.ip_address_dump(intf.sw_if_index))
 
     def test_replace(self):
-        """ IP interface address replace """
+        """IP interface address replace"""
 
         intf_pfxs = [[], [], [], []]
 
@@ -2698,8 +2904,7 @@ class TestIP4Replace(VppTestCase):
         for intf in self.pg_interfaces:
             # 172.18.x.1/24
             addr = "172.18.%d.1" % intf.sw_if_index
-            pfxs.append(VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, intf, addr,
-                                              24).add_vpp_config())
+            pfxs.append(VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, intf, addr, 24).add_vpp_config())
 
         self.vapi.sw_interface_address_replace_end()
 
@@ -2734,8 +2939,7 @@ class TestIP4Replace(VppTestCase):
         for intf in self.pg_interfaces:
             # 172.18.x.1/24
             addr = "172.18.%d.1" % (intf.sw_if_index + 1)
-            pfxs.append(VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, intf,
-                                              addr, 24).add_vpp_config())
+            pfxs.append(VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, intf, addr, 24).add_vpp_config())
 
         self.vapi.sw_interface_address_replace_end()
 
@@ -2748,7 +2952,7 @@ class TestIP4Replace(VppTestCase):
 
 
 class TestIPv4PathMTU(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv4 Path MTU """
+    """IPv4 Path MTU"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -2767,7 +2971,7 @@ class TestIPv4PathMTU(VppTestCase):
         super(TestIPv4PathMTU, cls).tearDownClass()
 
     def test_path_mtu(self):
-        """ Path MTU """
+        """Path MTU"""
 
         #
         # The goal here is not to test that fragmentation works correctly,
@@ -2777,28 +2981,26 @@ class TestIPv4PathMTU(VppTestCase):
         self.vapi.cli("adjacency counters enable")
 
         # set the interface MTU to a reasonable value
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                       [1800, 0, 0, 0])
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(self.pg1.sw_if_index, [1800, 0, 0, 0])
 
         self.pg1.generate_remote_hosts(4)
 
-        p_2k = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                      src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                   dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-                UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678) /
-                Raw(b'0xa' * 640))
-        p_1k = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                      src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                   dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-                UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678) /
-                Raw(b'0xa' * 320))
+        p_2k = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678)
+            / Raw(b"0xa" * 640)
+        )
+        p_1k = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678)
+            / Raw(b"0xa" * 320)
+        )
 
-        nbr = VppNeighbor(self,
-                          self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                          self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                          self.pg1.remote_ip4).add_vpp_config()
+        nbr = VppNeighbor(
+            self, self.pg1.sw_if_index, self.pg1.remote_mac, self.pg1.remote_ip4
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         # this is now the interface MTU frags
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p_2k], self.pg1, n_rx=2)
@@ -2832,21 +3034,18 @@ class TestIPv4PathMTU(VppTestCase):
 
         # raise the interface's MTU
         # should still use that of the path
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                       [2000, 0, 0, 0])
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(self.pg1.sw_if_index, [2000, 0, 0, 0])
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p_2k], self.pg1, n_rx=3)
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p_1k], self.pg1, n_rx=2)
 
         # set path high and interface low
         pmtu.modify(2000)
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                       [900, 0, 0, 0])
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(self.pg1.sw_if_index, [900, 0, 0, 0])
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p_2k], self.pg1, n_rx=3)
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p_1k], self.pg1, n_rx=2)
 
         # remove the path MTU using the mark-n-sweep semantics
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                       [1800, 0, 0, 0])
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(self.pg1.sw_if_index, [1800, 0, 0, 0])
         self.vapi.ip_path_mtu_replace_begin()
         self.vapi.ip_path_mtu_replace_end()
 
@@ -2856,27 +3055,27 @@ class TestIPv4PathMTU(VppTestCase):
         #
         # set path MTU for a neighbour that doesn't exist, yet
         #
-        pmtu2 = VppIpPathMtu(self,
-                             self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].ip4,
-                             900).add_vpp_config()
+        pmtu2 = VppIpPathMtu(self, self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].ip4, 900).add_vpp_config()
 
-        p_2k = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                      src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                   dst=self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].ip4) /
-                UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678) /
-                Raw(b'0xa' * 640))
-        p_1k = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                      src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                   dst=self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].ip4) /
-                UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678) /
-                Raw(b'0xa' * 320))
+        p_2k = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678)
+            / Raw(b"0xa" * 640)
+        )
+        p_1k = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678)
+            / Raw(b"0xa" * 320)
+        )
 
-        nbr2 = VppNeighbor(self,
-                           self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                           self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].mac,
-                           self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].ip4).add_vpp_config()
+        nbr2 = VppNeighbor(
+            self,
+            self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].mac,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].ip4,
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         # should frag to the path MTU
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p_2k], self.pg1, n_rx=3)
@@ -2916,7 +3115,7 @@ class TestIPv4PathMTU(VppTestCase):
 
 
 class TestIPv4ItfRebind(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv4 Interface Bind w/ attached routes """
+    """IPv4 Interface Bind w/ attached routes"""
 
     def setUp(self):
         super(TestIPv4ItfRebind, self).setUp()
@@ -2927,7 +3126,7 @@ class TestIPv4ItfRebind(VppTestCase):
         super(TestIPv4ItfRebind, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_rebind(self):
-        """ Import to no import """
+        """Import to no import"""
 
         TABLE_ID = 1
         tbl = VppIpTable(self, TABLE_ID).add_vpp_config()
@@ -2940,17 +3139,20 @@ class TestIPv4ItfRebind(VppTestCase):
 
         # add an attached route via an pg0
         # in a different table. this prefix should import
-        rt = VppIpRoute(self, self.pg0.local_ip4, 24,
-                        [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                      self.pg0.sw_if_index)],
-                        table_id=TABLE_ID).add_vpp_config()
+        rt = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            self.pg0.local_ip4,
+            24,
+            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", self.pg0.sw_if_index)],
+            table_id=TABLE_ID,
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac,
-                   src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678) /
-             Raw(b'0xa' * 640))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678)
+            / Raw(b"0xa" * 640)
+        )
 
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, [p], self.pg0)
         self.assertFalse(rx[0].haslayer(ARP))
@@ -2984,7 +3186,7 @@ class TestIPv4ItfRebind(VppTestCase):
         tbl.remove_vpp_config()
 
     def test_delete(self):
-        """ Swap import tables """
+        """Swap import tables"""
 
         TABLE_ID1 = 1
         tbl1_4 = VppIpTable(self, TABLE_ID1).add_vpp_config()
@@ -3006,19 +3208,25 @@ class TestIPv4ItfRebind(VppTestCase):
 
         # add an attached route in the default table via pg0
         # this should import to table 1
-        rt4 = VppIpRoute(self, self.pg1.local_ip4, 24,
-                         [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                       self.pg1.sw_if_index)]).add_vpp_config()
-        rt6 = VppIpRoute(self, self.pg1.local_ip6, 64,
-                         [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                       self.pg1.sw_if_index)]).add_vpp_config()
+        rt4 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            self.pg1.local_ip4,
+            24,
+            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+        ).add_vpp_config()
+        rt6 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            self.pg1.local_ip6,
+            64,
+            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
-        p1 = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                    src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-              IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                 dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678) /
-              Raw(b'0xa' * 640))
+        p1 = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678)
+            / Raw(b"0xa" * 640)
+        )
 
         # inject into table 0
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p1], self.pg1)
@@ -3050,5 +3258,5 @@ class TestIPv4ItfRebind(VppTestCase):
             i.admin_down()
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_ip4_irb.py b/test/test_ip4_irb.py
index de5231c7dca..ac3b30ba71d 100644
--- a/test/test_ip4_irb.py
+++ b/test/test_ip4_irb.py
@@ -66,12 +66,16 @@ class TestIpIrb(VppTestCase):
 
         # Create BD with MAC learning enabled and put interfaces to this BD
         cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=cls.bvi0.sw_if_index, bd_id=cls.bd_id,
-            port_type=L2_PORT_TYPE.BVI)
-        cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(rx_sw_if_index=cls.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                            bd_id=cls.bd_id)
-        cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(rx_sw_if_index=cls.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                            bd_id=cls.bd_id)
+            rx_sw_if_index=cls.bvi0.sw_if_index,
+            bd_id=cls.bd_id,
+            port_type=L2_PORT_TYPE.BVI,
+        )
+        cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
+            rx_sw_if_index=cls.pg0.sw_if_index, bd_id=cls.bd_id
+        )
+        cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
+            rx_sw_if_index=cls.pg1.sw_if_index, bd_id=cls.bd_id
+        )
 
         # Configure IPv4 addresses on BVI interface and routed interface
         cls.bvi0.config_ip4()
@@ -103,8 +107,7 @@ class TestIpIrb(VppTestCase):
     def show_commands_at_teardown(self):
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show l2patch"))
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show l2fib verbose"))
-        self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show bridge-domain %s detail" %
-                                       self.bd_id))
+        self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show bridge-domain %s detail" % self.bd_id))
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show ip neighbors"))
 
     def create_stream(self, src_ip_if, dst_ip_if, packet_sizes):
@@ -113,19 +116,19 @@ class TestIpIrb(VppTestCase):
             remote_dst_host = choice(dst_ip_if.remote_hosts)
             info = self.create_packet_info(src_ip_if, dst_ip_if)
             payload = self.info_to_payload(info)
-            p = (Ether(dst=src_ip_if.local_mac, src=src_ip_if.remote_mac) /
-                 IP(src=src_ip_if.remote_ip4,
-                    dst=remote_dst_host.ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(payload))
+            p = (
+                Ether(dst=src_ip_if.local_mac, src=src_ip_if.remote_mac)
+                / IP(src=src_ip_if.remote_ip4, dst=remote_dst_host.ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(payload)
+            )
             info.data = p.copy()
             size = packet_sizes[(i // 2) % len(packet_sizes)]
             self.extend_packet(p, size)
             pkts.append(p)
         return pkts
 
-    def create_stream_l2_to_ip(self, src_l2_if, src_ip_if, dst_ip_if,
-                               packet_sizes):
+    def create_stream_l2_to_ip(self, src_l2_if, src_ip_if, dst_ip_if, packet_sizes):
         pkts = []
         for i in range(0, 257):
             info = self.create_packet_info(src_ip_if, dst_ip_if)
@@ -133,12 +136,12 @@ class TestIpIrb(VppTestCase):
 
             host = choice(src_l2_if.remote_hosts)
 
-            p = (Ether(src=host.mac,
-                       dst=src_ip_if.local_mac) /
-                 IP(src=host.ip4,
-                    dst=dst_ip_if.remote_ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(payload))
+            p = (
+                Ether(src=host.mac, dst=src_ip_if.local_mac)
+                / IP(src=host.ip4, dst=dst_ip_if.remote_ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(payload)
+            )
 
             info.data = p.copy()
             size = packet_sizes[(i // 2) % len(packet_sizes)]
@@ -162,8 +165,8 @@ class TestIpIrb(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(payload_info.dst, dst_ip_sw_if_index)
 
             next_info = self.get_next_packet_info_for_interface2(
-                payload_info.src, dst_ip_sw_if_index,
-                last_info[payload_info.src])
+                payload_info.src, dst_ip_sw_if_index, last_info[payload_info.src]
+            )
             last_info[payload_info.src] = next_info
             self.assertTrue(next_info is not None)
             saved_packet = next_info.data
@@ -199,8 +202,8 @@ class TestIpIrb(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(payload_info.dst, dst_ip_sw_if_index)
 
             next_info = self.get_next_packet_info_for_interface2(
-                payload_info.src, dst_ip_sw_if_index,
-                last_info[payload_info.src])
+                payload_info.src, dst_ip_sw_if_index, last_info[payload_info.src]
+            )
             last_info[payload_info.src] = next_info
             self.assertTrue(next_info is not None)
             self.assertEqual(packet_index, next_info.index)
@@ -221,7 +224,7 @@ class TestIpIrb(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(udp.dport, saved_packet[UDP].dport)
 
     def test_ip4_irb_1(self):
-        """ IPv4 IRB test 1
+        """IPv4 IRB test 1
 
         Test scenario:
             - ip traffic from pg2 interface must ends in both pg0 and pg1
@@ -229,8 +232,7 @@ class TestIpIrb(VppTestCase):
             - no l2 entry configured, pg0 and pg1 are same
         """
 
-        stream = self.create_stream(
-            self.pg2, self.bvi0, self.pg_if_packet_sizes)
+        stream = self.create_stream(self.pg2, self.bvi0, self.pg_if_packet_sizes)
         self.pg2.add_stream(stream)
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -248,9 +250,11 @@ class TestIpIrb(VppTestCase):
 
     def send_and_verify_l2_to_ip(self):
         stream1 = self.create_stream_l2_to_ip(
-            self.pg0, self.bvi0, self.pg2, self.pg_if_packet_sizes)
+            self.pg0, self.bvi0, self.pg2, self.pg_if_packet_sizes
+        )
         stream2 = self.create_stream_l2_to_ip(
-            self.pg1, self.bvi0, self.pg2, self.pg_if_packet_sizes)
+            self.pg1, self.bvi0, self.pg2, self.pg_if_packet_sizes
+        )
         self.vapi.cli("clear trace")
         self.pg0.add_stream(stream1)
         self.pg1.add_stream(stream2)
@@ -262,7 +266,7 @@ class TestIpIrb(VppTestCase):
         self.verify_capture_l2_to_ip(self.pg2, self.bvi0, rcvd)
 
     def test_ip4_irb_2(self):
-        """ IPv4 IRB test 2
+        """IPv4 IRB test 2
 
         Test scenario:
             - ip traffic from pg0 and pg1 ends on pg2
@@ -277,5 +281,5 @@ class TestIpIrb(VppTestCase):
         self.pg1.assert_nothing_captured(remark="UU Flood")
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_ip4_vrf_multi_instance.py b/test/test_ip4_vrf_multi_instance.py
index acef6c4ff09..48c04f70e96 100644
--- a/test/test_ip4_vrf_multi_instance.py
+++ b/test/test_ip4_vrf_multi_instance.py
@@ -77,14 +77,14 @@ from vrf import VRFState
 
 
 def is_ipv4_misc(p):
-    """ Is packet one of uninteresting IPv4 broadcasts? """
+    """Is packet one of uninteresting IPv4 broadcasts?"""
     if p.haslayer(ARP):
         return True
     return False
 
 
 class TestIp4VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
-    """ IP4 VRF  Multi-instance Test Case """
+    """IP4 VRF  Multi-instance Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -102,8 +102,7 @@ class TestIp4VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
 
         try:
             # Create pg interfaces
-            cls.create_pg_interfaces(
-                range(cls.nr_of_vrfs * cls.pg_ifs_per_vrf))
+            cls.create_pg_interfaces(range(cls.nr_of_vrfs * cls.pg_ifs_per_vrf))
 
             # Packet flows mapping pg0 -> pg1, pg2 etc.
             cls.flows = dict()
@@ -112,7 +111,8 @@ class TestIp4VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
                 pg_list = [
                     cls.pg_interfaces[multiplicand * cls.pg_ifs_per_vrf + j]
                     for j in range(cls.pg_ifs_per_vrf)
-                    if (multiplicand * cls.pg_ifs_per_vrf + j) != i]
+                    if (multiplicand * cls.pg_ifs_per_vrf + j) != i
+                ]
                 cls.flows[cls.pg_interfaces[i]] = pg_list
 
             # Packet sizes - jumbo packet (9018 bytes) skipped
@@ -141,7 +141,8 @@ class TestIp4VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
                 set_id = i + 1
                 pg_list = [
                     cls.pg_interfaces[i * cls.pg_ifs_per_vrf + j]
-                    for j in range(cls.pg_ifs_per_vrf)]
+                    for j in range(cls.pg_ifs_per_vrf)
+                ]
                 cls.pg_if_sets[set_id] = pg_list
 
         except Exception:
@@ -173,8 +174,9 @@ class TestIp4VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
         for i in range(self.pg_ifs_per_vrf):
             pg_if = self.pg_if_sets[if_set_id][i]
             pg_if.set_table_ip4(vrf_id)
-            self.logger.info("pg-interface %s added to IPv4 VRF ID %d"
-                             % (pg_if.name, vrf_id))
+            self.logger.info(
+                "pg-interface %s added to IPv4 VRF ID %d" % (pg_if.name, vrf_id)
+            )
             if pg_if not in self.pg_in_vrf:
                 self.pg_in_vrf.append(pg_if)
             if pg_if in self.pg_not_in_vrf:
@@ -194,7 +196,7 @@ class TestIp4VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
 
         for i in range(count):
             vrf_id = i + start
-            self.vapi.ip_table_add_del(is_add=1, table={'table_id': vrf_id})
+            self.vapi.ip_table_add_del(is_add=1, table={"table_id": vrf_id})
             self.logger.info("IPv4 VRF ID %d created" % vrf_id)
             if vrf_id not in self.vrf_list:
                 self.vrf_list.append(vrf_id)
@@ -204,8 +206,7 @@ class TestIp4VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.debug(self.vapi.ppcli("show ip fib"))
         self.logger.debug(self.vapi.ppcli("show ip4 neighbors"))
 
-    def create_vrf_by_id_and_assign_interfaces(self, set_id,
-                                               vrf_id=0xffffffff):
+    def create_vrf_by_id_and_assign_interfaces(self, set_id, vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF):
         """
         Create a FIB table / VRF by vrf_id, put 3 pg-ip4 interfaces
         to FIB table / VRF.
@@ -213,7 +214,7 @@ class TestIp4VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
         :param int vrf_id: Required table ID / VRF ID. \
         (Default value = 0xffffffff, ID will be selected automatically)
         """
-        ret = self.vapi.ip_table_allocate(table={'table_id': vrf_id})
+        ret = self.vapi.ip_table_allocate(table={"table_id": vrf_id})
         vrf_id = ret.table.table_id
         self.logger.info("IPv4 VRF ID %d created" % vrf_id)
         if vrf_id not in self.vrf_list:
@@ -234,7 +235,7 @@ class TestIp4VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
         """
         if if_set_id is None:
             if_set_id = vrf_id
-        self.vapi.ip_table_flush(table={'table_id': vrf_id})
+        self.vapi.ip_table_flush(table={"table_id": vrf_id})
         if vrf_id in self.vrf_list:
             self.vrf_list.remove(vrf_id)
         if vrf_id not in self.vrf_reset_list:
@@ -249,7 +250,7 @@ class TestIp4VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.info("IPv4 VRF ID %d reset finished" % vrf_id)
         self.logger.debug(self.vapi.ppcli("show ip fib"))
         self.logger.debug(self.vapi.ppcli("show ip neighbors"))
-        self.vapi.ip_table_add_del(is_add=0, table={'table_id': vrf_id})
+        self.vapi.ip_table_add_del(is_add=0, table={"table_id": vrf_id})
 
     def create_stream(self, src_if, packet_sizes):
         """
@@ -266,16 +267,20 @@ class TestIp4VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
                 src_host = random.choice(src_hosts)
                 pkt_info = self.create_packet_info(src_if, dst_if)
                 payload = self.info_to_payload(pkt_info)
-                p = (Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_host.mac) /
-                     IP(src=src_host.ip4, dst=dst_host.ip4) /
-                     UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                     Raw(payload))
+                p = (
+                    Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_host.mac)
+                    / IP(src=src_host.ip4, dst=dst_host.ip4)
+                    / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                    / Raw(payload)
+                )
                 pkt_info.data = p.copy()
                 size = random.choice(packet_sizes)
                 self.extend_packet(p, size)
                 pkts.append(p)
-        self.logger.debug("Input stream created for port %s. Length: %u pkt(s)"
-                          % (src_if.name, len(pkts)))
+        self.logger.debug(
+            "Input stream created for port %s. Length: %u pkt(s)"
+            % (src_if.name, len(pkts))
+        )
         return pkts
 
     def create_stream_crosswise_vrf(self, src_if, vrf_id, packet_sizes):
@@ -298,16 +303,20 @@ class TestIp4VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
                     src_host = random.choice(src_hosts)
                     pkt_info = self.create_packet_info(src_if, dst_if)
                     payload = self.info_to_payload(pkt_info)
-                    p = (Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_host.mac) /
-                         IP(src=src_host.ip4, dst=dst_host.ip4) /
-                         UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                         Raw(payload))
+                    p = (
+                        Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_host.mac)
+                        / IP(src=src_host.ip4, dst=dst_host.ip4)
+                        / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                        / Raw(payload)
+                    )
                     pkt_info.data = p.copy()
                     size = random.choice(packet_sizes)
                     self.extend_packet(p, size)
                     pkts.append(p)
-        self.logger.debug("Input stream created for port %s. Length: %u pkt(s)"
-                          % (src_if.name, len(pkts)))
+        self.logger.debug(
+            "Input stream created for port %s. Length: %u pkt(s)"
+            % (src_if.name, len(pkts))
+        )
         return pkts
 
     def verify_capture(self, pg_if, capture):
@@ -328,11 +337,13 @@ class TestIp4VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
                 payload_info = self.payload_to_info(packet[Raw])
                 packet_index = payload_info.index
                 self.assertEqual(payload_info.dst, dst_sw_if_index)
-                self.logger.debug("Got packet on port %s: src=%u (id=%u)" %
-                                  (pg_if.name, payload_info.src, packet_index))
+                self.logger.debug(
+                    "Got packet on port %s: src=%u (id=%u)"
+                    % (pg_if.name, payload_info.src, packet_index)
+                )
                 next_info = self.get_next_packet_info_for_interface2(
-                    payload_info.src, dst_sw_if_index,
-                    last_info[payload_info.src])
+                    payload_info.src, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[payload_info.src]
+                )
                 last_info[payload_info.src] = next_info
                 self.assertIsNotNone(next_info)
                 self.assertEqual(packet_index, next_info.index)
@@ -347,11 +358,13 @@ class TestIp4VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
                 raise
         for i in self.pg_interfaces:
             remaining_packet = self.get_next_packet_info_for_interface2(
-                i, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[i.sw_if_index])
+                i, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[i.sw_if_index]
+            )
             self.assertIsNone(
                 remaining_packet,
-                "Port %u: Packet expected from source %u didn't arrive" %
-                (dst_sw_if_index, i.sw_if_index))
+                "Port %u: Packet expected from source %u didn't arrive"
+                % (dst_sw_if_index, i.sw_if_index),
+            )
 
     def verify_vrf(self, vrf_id, if_set_id=None):
         """
@@ -415,8 +428,9 @@ class TestIp4VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
                 capture = pg_if.get_capture(remark="interface is in VRF")
                 self.verify_capture(pg_if, capture)
             elif pg_if in self.pg_not_in_vrf:
-                pg_if.assert_nothing_captured(remark="interface is not in VRF",
-                                              filter_out_fn=is_ipv4_misc)
+                pg_if.assert_nothing_captured(
+                    remark="interface is not in VRF", filter_out_fn=is_ipv4_misc
+                )
                 self.logger.debug("No capture for interface %s" % pg_if.name)
             else:
                 raise Exception("Unknown interface: %s" % pg_if.name)
@@ -436,7 +450,8 @@ class TestIp4VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
         for vrf_id in self.vrf_list:
             for pg_if in self.pg_if_sets[vrf_id]:
                 pkts = self.create_stream_crosswise_vrf(
-                    pg_if, vrf_id, self.pg_if_packet_sizes)
+                    pg_if, vrf_id, self.pg_if_packet_sizes
+                )
                 pg_if.add_stream(pkts)
 
         # Enable packet capture and start packet sending
@@ -446,29 +461,27 @@ class TestIp4VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
         # Verify
         # Verify outgoing packet streams per packet-generator interface
         for pg_if in self.pg_interfaces:
-            pg_if.assert_nothing_captured(remark="interface is in other VRF",
-                                          filter_out_fn=is_ipv4_misc)
+            pg_if.assert_nothing_captured(
+                remark="interface is in other VRF", filter_out_fn=is_ipv4_misc
+            )
             self.logger.debug("No capture for interface %s" % pg_if.name)
 
     def test_ip4_vrf_01(self):
-        """ IP4 VRF  Multi-instance test 1 - create 4 VRFs
-        """
+        """IP4 VRF  Multi-instance test 1 - create 4 VRFs"""
         # Config 1
         # Create 4 VRFs
         self.create_vrf_and_assign_interfaces(4)
 
         # Verify 1
         for vrf_id in self.vrf_list:
-            self.assert_equal(self.verify_vrf(vrf_id),
-                              VRFState.configured, VRFState)
+            self.assert_equal(self.verify_vrf(vrf_id), VRFState.configured, VRFState)
 
         # Test 1
         self.run_verify_test()
         self.run_crosswise_vrf_test()
 
     def test_ip4_vrf_02(self):
-        """ IP4 VRF  Multi-instance test 2 - reset 2 VRFs
-        """
+        """IP4 VRF  Multi-instance test 2 - reset 2 VRFs"""
         # Config 2
         # Reset 2 VRFs
         self.reset_vrf_and_remove_from_vrf_list(1)
@@ -476,19 +489,16 @@ class TestIp4VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
 
         # Verify 2
         for vrf_id in self.vrf_reset_list:
-            self.assert_equal(self.verify_vrf(vrf_id),
-                              VRFState.reset, VRFState)
+            self.assert_equal(self.verify_vrf(vrf_id), VRFState.reset, VRFState)
         for vrf_id in self.vrf_list:
-            self.assert_equal(self.verify_vrf(vrf_id),
-                              VRFState.configured, VRFState)
+            self.assert_equal(self.verify_vrf(vrf_id), VRFState.configured, VRFState)
 
         # Test 2
         self.run_verify_test()
         self.run_crosswise_vrf_test()
 
     def test_ip4_vrf_03(self):
-        """ IP4 VRF  Multi-instance 3 - add 2 VRFs
-        """
+        """IP4 VRF  Multi-instance 3 - add 2 VRFs"""
         # Config 3
         # Add 1 of reset VRFs and 1 new VRF
         self.create_vrf_and_assign_interfaces(1)
@@ -496,19 +506,16 @@ class TestIp4VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
 
         # Verify 3
         for vrf_id in self.vrf_reset_list:
-            self.assert_equal(self.verify_vrf(vrf_id),
-                              VRFState.reset, VRFState)
+            self.assert_equal(self.verify_vrf(vrf_id), VRFState.reset, VRFState)
         for vrf_id in self.vrf_list:
-            self.assert_equal(self.verify_vrf(vrf_id),
-                              VRFState.configured, VRFState)
+            self.assert_equal(self.verify_vrf(vrf_id), VRFState.configured, VRFState)
 
         # Test 3
         self.run_verify_test()
         self.run_crosswise_vrf_test()
 
     def test_ip4_vrf_04(self):
-        """ IP4 VRF  Multi-instance test 4 - reset 4 VRFs
-        """
+        """IP4 VRF  Multi-instance test 4 - reset 4 VRFs"""
         # Config 4
         # Reset all VRFs (i.e. no VRF except VRF=0 configured)
         for i in range(len(self.vrf_list)):
@@ -516,20 +523,20 @@ class TestIp4VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
 
         # Verify 4
         for vrf_id in self.vrf_reset_list:
-            self.assert_equal(self.verify_vrf(vrf_id),
-                              VRFState.reset, VRFState)
+            self.assert_equal(self.verify_vrf(vrf_id), VRFState.reset, VRFState)
         vrf_list_length = len(self.vrf_list)
         self.assertEqual(
-            vrf_list_length, 0,
-            "List of configured VRFs is not empty: %s != 0" % vrf_list_length)
+            vrf_list_length,
+            0,
+            "List of configured VRFs is not empty: %s != 0" % vrf_list_length,
+        )
 
         # Test 4
         self.run_verify_test()
         self.run_crosswise_vrf_test()
 
     def test_ip4_vrf_05(self):
-        """ IP4 VRF  Multi-instance test 5 - id allocation
-        """
+        """IP4 VRF  Multi-instance test 5 - id allocation"""
         # Config 5
         # Create several VRFs
         # Set vrf_id manually first
@@ -542,8 +549,9 @@ class TestIp4VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
         # Verify 5
         self.assert_equal(self.verify_vrf(1, 1), VRFState.configured, VRFState)
         for i, vrf in enumerate(auto_vrf_id):
-            self.assert_equal(self.verify_vrf(vrf, i+2),
-                              VRFState.configured, VRFState)
+            self.assert_equal(
+                self.verify_vrf(vrf, i + 2), VRFState.configured, VRFState
+            )
 
         # Test 5
         self.run_verify_test()
@@ -552,18 +560,20 @@ class TestIp4VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
         # Reset VRFs
         self.reset_vrf_and_remove_from_vrf_list(1)
         for i, vrf in enumerate(auto_vrf_id):
-            self.reset_vrf_and_remove_from_vrf_list(vrf, i+2)
+            self.reset_vrf_and_remove_from_vrf_list(vrf, i + 2)
 
         # Verify 5.1
         self.assert_equal(self.verify_vrf(1, 1), VRFState.reset, VRFState)
         for i, vrf in enumerate(auto_vrf_id):
-            self.assert_equal(self.verify_vrf(vrf, i+2),
-                              VRFState.reset, VRFState)
+            self.assert_equal(self.verify_vrf(vrf, i + 2), VRFState.reset, VRFState)
 
         vrf_list_length = len(self.vrf_list)
         self.assertEqual(
-            vrf_list_length, 0,
-            "List of configured VRFs is not empty: %s != 0" % vrf_list_length)
+            vrf_list_length,
+            0,
+            "List of configured VRFs is not empty: %s != 0" % vrf_list_length,
+        )
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_ip6.py b/test/test_ip6.py
index c86cb777aed..ca153dba0e6 100644
--- a/test/test_ip6.py
+++ b/test/test_ip6.py
@@ -9,26 +9,58 @@ import scapy.compat
 import scapy.layers.inet6 as inet6
 from scapy.layers.inet import UDP, IP
 from scapy.contrib.mpls import MPLS
-from scapy.layers.inet6 import IPv6, ICMPv6ND_NS, ICMPv6ND_RS, \
-    ICMPv6ND_RA, ICMPv6NDOptMTU, ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr, ICMPv6NDOptPrefixInfo, \
-    ICMPv6ND_NA, ICMPv6NDOptDstLLAddr, ICMPv6DestUnreach, icmp6types, \
-    ICMPv6TimeExceeded, ICMPv6EchoRequest, ICMPv6EchoReply, \
-    IPv6ExtHdrHopByHop, ICMPv6MLReport2, ICMPv6MLDMultAddrRec
+from scapy.layers.inet6 import (
+    IPv6,
+    ICMPv6ND_NS,
+    ICMPv6ND_RS,
+    ICMPv6ND_RA,
+    ICMPv6NDOptMTU,
+    ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr,
+    ICMPv6NDOptPrefixInfo,
+    ICMPv6ND_NA,
+    ICMPv6NDOptDstLLAddr,
+    ICMPv6DestUnreach,
+    icmp6types,
+    ICMPv6TimeExceeded,
+    ICMPv6EchoRequest,
+    ICMPv6EchoReply,
+    IPv6ExtHdrHopByHop,
+    ICMPv6MLReport2,
+    ICMPv6MLDMultAddrRec,
+)
 from scapy.layers.l2 import Ether, Dot1Q, GRE
 from scapy.packet import Raw
-from scapy.utils6 import in6_getnsma, in6_getnsmac, in6_ptop, in6_islladdr, \
-    in6_mactoifaceid
+from scapy.utils6 import (
+    in6_getnsma,
+    in6_getnsmac,
+    in6_ptop,
+    in6_islladdr,
+    in6_mactoifaceid,
+)
 from six import moves
 
 from framework import VppTestCase, VppTestRunner, tag_run_solo
 from util import ppp, ip6_normalize, mk_ll_addr
 from vpp_papi import VppEnum
 from vpp_ip import DpoProto, VppIpPuntPolicer, VppIpPuntRedirect, VppIpPathMtu
-from vpp_ip_route import VppIpRoute, VppRoutePath, find_route, VppIpMRoute, \
-    VppMRoutePath, VppMplsIpBind, \
-    VppMplsRoute, VppMplsTable, VppIpTable, FibPathType, FibPathProto, \
-    VppIpInterfaceAddress, find_route_in_dump, find_mroute_in_dump, \
-    VppIp6LinkLocalAddress, VppIpRouteV2
+from vpp_ip_route import (
+    VppIpRoute,
+    VppRoutePath,
+    find_route,
+    VppIpMRoute,
+    VppMRoutePath,
+    VppMplsIpBind,
+    VppMplsRoute,
+    VppMplsTable,
+    VppIpTable,
+    FibPathType,
+    FibPathProto,
+    VppIpInterfaceAddress,
+    find_route_in_dump,
+    find_mroute_in_dump,
+    VppIp6LinkLocalAddress,
+    VppIpRouteV2,
+)
 from vpp_neighbor import find_nbr, VppNeighbor
 from vpp_ipip_tun_interface import VppIpIpTunInterface
 from vpp_pg_interface import is_ipv6_misc
@@ -61,13 +93,11 @@ class TestIPv6ND(VppTestCase):
 
         # the rx'd RA should be addressed to the sender's source
         self.assertTrue(rx.haslayer(ICMPv6ND_RA))
-        self.assertEqual(in6_ptop(rx[IPv6].dst),
-                         in6_ptop(dst_ip))
+        self.assertEqual(in6_ptop(rx[IPv6].dst), in6_ptop(dst_ip))
 
         # and come from the router's link local
         self.assertTrue(in6_islladdr(rx[IPv6].src))
-        self.assertEqual(in6_ptop(rx[IPv6].src),
-                         in6_ptop(mk_ll_addr(intf.local_mac)))
+        self.assertEqual(in6_ptop(rx[IPv6].src), in6_ptop(mk_ll_addr(intf.local_mac)))
 
     def validate_na(self, intf, rx, dst_ip=None, tgt_ip=None):
         if not dst_ip:
@@ -83,12 +113,10 @@ class TestIPv6ND(VppTestCase):
 
         # the rx'd NA should be addressed to the sender's source
         self.assertTrue(rx.haslayer(ICMPv6ND_NA))
-        self.assertEqual(in6_ptop(rx[IPv6].dst),
-                         in6_ptop(dst_ip))
+        self.assertEqual(in6_ptop(rx[IPv6].dst), in6_ptop(dst_ip))
 
         # and come from the target address
-        self.assertEqual(
-            in6_ptop(rx[IPv6].src), in6_ptop(tgt_ip))
+        self.assertEqual(in6_ptop(rx[IPv6].src), in6_ptop(tgt_ip))
 
         # Dest link-layer options should have the router's MAC
         dll = rx[ICMPv6NDOptDstLLAddr]
@@ -106,23 +134,22 @@ class TestIPv6ND(VppTestCase):
 
         # the rx'd NS should be addressed to an mcast address
         # derived from the target address
-        self.assertEqual(
-            in6_ptop(rx[IPv6].dst), in6_ptop(dst_ip))
+        self.assertEqual(in6_ptop(rx[IPv6].dst), in6_ptop(dst_ip))
 
         # expect the tgt IP in the NS header
         ns = rx[ICMPv6ND_NS]
         self.assertEqual(in6_ptop(ns.tgt), in6_ptop(tgt_ip))
 
         # packet is from the router's local address
-        self.assertEqual(
-            in6_ptop(rx[IPv6].src), intf.local_ip6)
+        self.assertEqual(in6_ptop(rx[IPv6].src), intf.local_ip6)
 
         # Src link-layer options should have the router's MAC
         sll = rx[ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr]
         self.assertEqual(sll.lladdr, intf.local_mac)
 
-    def send_and_expect_ra(self, intf, pkts, remark, dst_ip=None,
-                           filter_out_fn=is_ipv6_misc):
+    def send_and_expect_ra(
+        self, intf, pkts, remark, dst_ip=None, filter_out_fn=is_ipv6_misc
+    ):
         intf.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -132,9 +159,9 @@ class TestIPv6ND(VppTestCase):
         rx = rx[0]
         self.validate_ra(intf, rx, dst_ip)
 
-    def send_and_expect_na(self, intf, pkts, remark, dst_ip=None,
-                           tgt_ip=None,
-                           filter_out_fn=is_ipv6_misc):
+    def send_and_expect_na(
+        self, intf, pkts, remark, dst_ip=None, tgt_ip=None, filter_out_fn=is_ipv6_misc
+    ):
         intf.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -144,8 +171,9 @@ class TestIPv6ND(VppTestCase):
         rx = rx[0]
         self.validate_na(intf, rx, dst_ip, tgt_ip)
 
-    def send_and_expect_ns(self, tx_intf, rx_intf, pkts, tgt_ip,
-                           filter_out_fn=is_ipv6_misc):
+    def send_and_expect_ns(
+        self, tx_intf, rx_intf, pkts, tgt_ip, filter_out_fn=is_ipv6_misc
+    ):
         self.vapi.cli("clear trace")
         tx_intf.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -168,7 +196,7 @@ class TestIPv6ND(VppTestCase):
 
 @tag_run_solo
 class TestIPv6(TestIPv6ND):
-    """ IPv6 Test Case """
+    """IPv6 Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -268,17 +296,26 @@ class TestIPv6(TestIPv6ND):
         :param VppInterface src_if: Interface to create packet stream for.
         """
         hdr_ext = 4 if isinstance(src_if, VppSubInterface) else 0
-        pkt_tmpl = (Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac) /
-                    IPv6(src=src_if.remote_ip6) /
-                    inet6.UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234))
+        pkt_tmpl = (
+            Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=src_if.remote_ip6)
+            / inet6.UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+        )
 
-        pkts = [self.modify_packet(src_if, i, pkt_tmpl)
-                for i in moves.range(self.pg_if_packet_sizes[0],
-                                     self.pg_if_packet_sizes[1], 10)]
-        pkts_b = [self.modify_packet(src_if, i, pkt_tmpl)
-                  for i in moves.range(self.pg_if_packet_sizes[1] + hdr_ext,
-                                       self.pg_if_packet_sizes[2] + hdr_ext,
-                                       50)]
+        pkts = [
+            self.modify_packet(src_if, i, pkt_tmpl)
+            for i in moves.range(
+                self.pg_if_packet_sizes[0], self.pg_if_packet_sizes[1], 10
+            )
+        ]
+        pkts_b = [
+            self.modify_packet(src_if, i, pkt_tmpl)
+            for i in moves.range(
+                self.pg_if_packet_sizes[1] + hdr_ext,
+                self.pg_if_packet_sizes[2] + hdr_ext,
+                50,
+            )
+        ]
         pkts.extend(pkts_b)
 
         return pkts
@@ -296,7 +333,7 @@ class TestIPv6(TestIPv6ND):
             last_info[i.sw_if_index] = None
         is_sub_if = False
         dst_sw_if_index = dst_if.sw_if_index
-        if hasattr(dst_if, 'parent'):
+        if hasattr(dst_if, "parent"):
             is_sub_if = True
         for packet in capture:
             if is_sub_if:
@@ -310,45 +347,47 @@ class TestIPv6(TestIPv6ND):
                 packet_index = payload_info.index
                 self.assertEqual(payload_info.dst, dst_sw_if_index)
                 self.logger.debug(
-                    "Got packet on port %s: src=%u (id=%u)" %
-                    (dst_if.name, payload_info.src, packet_index))
+                    "Got packet on port %s: src=%u (id=%u)"
+                    % (dst_if.name, payload_info.src, packet_index)
+                )
                 next_info = self.get_next_packet_info_for_interface2(
-                    payload_info.src, dst_sw_if_index,
-                    last_info[payload_info.src])
+                    payload_info.src, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[payload_info.src]
+                )
                 last_info[payload_info.src] = next_info
                 self.assertTrue(next_info is not None)
                 self.assertEqual(packet_index, next_info.index)
                 saved_packet = next_info.data
                 # Check standard fields
-                self.assertEqual(
-                    ip.src, saved_packet[IPv6].src)
-                self.assertEqual(
-                    ip.dst, saved_packet[IPv6].dst)
-                self.assertEqual(
-                    udp.sport, saved_packet[inet6.UDP].sport)
-                self.assertEqual(
-                    udp.dport, saved_packet[inet6.UDP].dport)
+                self.assertEqual(ip.src, saved_packet[IPv6].src)
+                self.assertEqual(ip.dst, saved_packet[IPv6].dst)
+                self.assertEqual(udp.sport, saved_packet[inet6.UDP].sport)
+                self.assertEqual(udp.dport, saved_packet[inet6.UDP].dport)
             except:
                 self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:", packet))
                 raise
         for i in self.interfaces:
             remaining_packet = self.get_next_packet_info_for_interface2(
-                i.sw_if_index, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[i.sw_if_index])
-            self.assertTrue(remaining_packet is None,
-                            "Interface %s: Packet expected from interface %s "
-                            "didn't arrive" % (dst_if.name, i.name))
+                i.sw_if_index, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[i.sw_if_index]
+            )
+            self.assertTrue(
+                remaining_packet is None,
+                "Interface %s: Packet expected from interface %s "
+                "didn't arrive" % (dst_if.name, i.name),
+            )
 
     def test_next_header_anomaly(self):
-        """ IPv6 next header anomaly test
+        """IPv6 next header anomaly test
 
         Test scenario:
             - ipv6 next header field = Fragment Header (44)
             - next header is ICMPv6 Echo Request
             - wait for reassembly
         """
-        pkt = (Ether(src=self.pg0.local_mac, dst=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-               IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6, nh=44) /
-               ICMPv6EchoRequest())
+        pkt = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.local_mac, dst=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6, nh=44)
+            / ICMPv6EchoRequest()
+        )
 
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkt)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -357,7 +396,7 @@ class TestIPv6(TestIPv6ND):
         self.sleep(10)
 
     def test_fib(self):
-        """ IPv6 FIB test
+        """IPv6 FIB test
 
         Test scenario:
             - Create IPv6 stream for pg0 interface
@@ -383,7 +422,7 @@ class TestIPv6(TestIPv6ND):
             self.verify_capture(i, pkts)
 
     def test_ns(self):
-        """ IPv6 Neighbour Solicitation Exceptions
+        """IPv6 Neighbour Solicitation Exceptions
 
         Test scenario:
            - Send an NS Sourced from an address not covered by the link sub-net
@@ -397,16 +436,17 @@ class TestIPv6(TestIPv6ND):
         nsma = in6_getnsma(inet_pton(AF_INET6, self.pg0.local_ip6))
         d = inet_ntop(AF_INET6, nsma)
 
-        p = (Ether(dst=in6_getnsmac(nsma)) /
-             IPv6(dst=d, src="2002::2") /
-             ICMPv6ND_NS(tgt=self.pg0.local_ip6) /
-             ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr(
-                 lladdr=self.pg0.remote_mac))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=in6_getnsmac(nsma))
+            / IPv6(dst=d, src="2002::2")
+            / ICMPv6ND_NS(tgt=self.pg0.local_ip6)
+            / ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr(lladdr=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+        )
         pkts = [p]
 
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
-            self.pg0, pkts,
-            "No response to NS source by address not on sub-net")
+            self.pg0, pkts, "No response to NS source by address not on sub-net"
+        )
 
         #
         # An NS for sent to a solicited mcast group the router is
@@ -416,16 +456,17 @@ class TestIPv6(TestIPv6ND):
             nsma = in6_getnsma(inet_pton(AF_INET6, "fd::ffff"))
             d = inet_ntop(AF_INET6, nsma)
 
-            p = (Ether(dst=in6_getnsmac(nsma)) /
-                 IPv6(dst=d, src=self.pg0.remote_ip6) /
-                 ICMPv6ND_NS(tgt=self.pg0.local_ip6) /
-                 ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr(
-                     lladdr=self.pg0.remote_mac))
+            p = (
+                Ether(dst=in6_getnsmac(nsma))
+                / IPv6(dst=d, src=self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+                / ICMPv6ND_NS(tgt=self.pg0.local_ip6)
+                / ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr(lladdr=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            )
             pkts = [p]
 
             self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
-                self.pg0, pkts,
-                "No response to NS sent to unjoined mcast address")
+                self.pg0, pkts, "No response to NS sent to unjoined mcast address"
+            )
 
         #
         # An NS whose target address is one the router does not own
@@ -433,88 +474,94 @@ class TestIPv6(TestIPv6ND):
         nsma = in6_getnsma(inet_pton(AF_INET6, self.pg0.local_ip6))
         d = inet_ntop(AF_INET6, nsma)
 
-        p = (Ether(dst=in6_getnsmac(nsma)) /
-             IPv6(dst=d, src=self.pg0.remote_ip6) /
-             ICMPv6ND_NS(tgt="fd::ffff") /
-             ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr(
-                 lladdr=self.pg0.remote_mac))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=in6_getnsmac(nsma))
+            / IPv6(dst=d, src=self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+            / ICMPv6ND_NS(tgt="fd::ffff")
+            / ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr(lladdr=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+        )
         pkts = [p]
 
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, pkts,
-                                        "No response to NS for unknown target")
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
+            self.pg0, pkts, "No response to NS for unknown target"
+        )
 
         #
         # A neighbor entry that has no associated FIB-entry
         #
         self.pg0.generate_remote_hosts(4)
-        nd_entry = VppNeighbor(self,
-                               self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                               self.pg0.remote_hosts[2].mac,
-                               self.pg0.remote_hosts[2].ip6,
-                               is_no_fib_entry=1)
+        nd_entry = VppNeighbor(
+            self,
+            self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+            self.pg0.remote_hosts[2].mac,
+            self.pg0.remote_hosts[2].ip6,
+            is_no_fib_entry=1,
+        )
         nd_entry.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # check we have the neighbor, but no route
         #
-        self.assertTrue(find_nbr(self,
-                                 self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                 self.pg0._remote_hosts[2].ip6))
-        self.assertFalse(find_route(self,
-                                    self.pg0._remote_hosts[2].ip6,
-                                    128))
+        self.assertTrue(
+            find_nbr(self, self.pg0.sw_if_index, self.pg0._remote_hosts[2].ip6)
+        )
+        self.assertFalse(find_route(self, self.pg0._remote_hosts[2].ip6, 128))
 
         #
         # send an NS from a link local address to the interface's global
         # address
         #
-        p = (Ether(dst=in6_getnsmac(nsma), src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(
-                 dst=d, src=self.pg0._remote_hosts[2].ip6_ll) /
-             ICMPv6ND_NS(tgt=self.pg0.local_ip6) /
-             ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr(
-                 lladdr=self.pg0.remote_mac))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=in6_getnsmac(nsma), src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(dst=d, src=self.pg0._remote_hosts[2].ip6_ll)
+            / ICMPv6ND_NS(tgt=self.pg0.local_ip6)
+            / ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr(lladdr=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+        )
 
-        self.send_and_expect_na(self.pg0, p,
-                                "NS from link-local",
-                                dst_ip=self.pg0._remote_hosts[2].ip6_ll,
-                                tgt_ip=self.pg0.local_ip6)
+        self.send_and_expect_na(
+            self.pg0,
+            p,
+            "NS from link-local",
+            dst_ip=self.pg0._remote_hosts[2].ip6_ll,
+            tgt_ip=self.pg0.local_ip6,
+        )
 
         #
         # we should have learned an ND entry for the peer's link-local
         # but not inserted a route to it in the FIB
         #
-        self.assertTrue(find_nbr(self,
-                                 self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                 self.pg0._remote_hosts[2].ip6_ll))
-        self.assertFalse(find_route(self,
-                                    self.pg0._remote_hosts[2].ip6_ll,
-                                    128))
+        self.assertTrue(
+            find_nbr(self, self.pg0.sw_if_index, self.pg0._remote_hosts[2].ip6_ll)
+        )
+        self.assertFalse(find_route(self, self.pg0._remote_hosts[2].ip6_ll, 128))
 
         #
         # An NS to the router's own Link-local
         #
-        p = (Ether(dst=in6_getnsmac(nsma), src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(
-                 dst=d, src=self.pg0._remote_hosts[3].ip6_ll) /
-             ICMPv6ND_NS(tgt=self.pg0.local_ip6_ll) /
-             ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr(
-                 lladdr=self.pg0.remote_mac))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=in6_getnsmac(nsma), src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(dst=d, src=self.pg0._remote_hosts[3].ip6_ll)
+            / ICMPv6ND_NS(tgt=self.pg0.local_ip6_ll)
+            / ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr(lladdr=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+        )
 
-        self.send_and_expect_na(self.pg0, p,
-                                "NS to/from link-local",
-                                dst_ip=self.pg0._remote_hosts[3].ip6_ll,
-                                tgt_ip=self.pg0.local_ip6_ll)
+        self.send_and_expect_na(
+            self.pg0,
+            p,
+            "NS to/from link-local",
+            dst_ip=self.pg0._remote_hosts[3].ip6_ll,
+            tgt_ip=self.pg0.local_ip6_ll,
+        )
 
         #
         # do not respond to a NS for the peer's address
         #
-        p = (Ether(dst=in6_getnsmac(nsma), src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(dst=d,
-                  src=self.pg0._remote_hosts[3].ip6_ll) /
-             ICMPv6ND_NS(tgt=self.pg0._remote_hosts[3].ip6_ll) /
-             ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr(
-                 lladdr=self.pg0.remote_mac))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=in6_getnsmac(nsma), src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(dst=d, src=self.pg0._remote_hosts[3].ip6_ll)
+            / ICMPv6ND_NS(tgt=self.pg0._remote_hosts[3].ip6_ll)
+            / ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr(lladdr=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+        )
 
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p)
 
@@ -522,15 +569,13 @@ class TestIPv6(TestIPv6ND):
         # we should have learned an ND entry for the peer's link-local
         # but not inserted a route to it in the FIB
         #
-        self.assertTrue(find_nbr(self,
-                                 self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                 self.pg0._remote_hosts[3].ip6_ll))
-        self.assertFalse(find_route(self,
-                                    self.pg0._remote_hosts[3].ip6_ll,
-                                    128))
+        self.assertTrue(
+            find_nbr(self, self.pg0.sw_if_index, self.pg0._remote_hosts[3].ip6_ll)
+        )
+        self.assertFalse(find_route(self, self.pg0._remote_hosts[3].ip6_ll, 128))
 
     def test_ns_duplicates(self):
-        """ ND Duplicates"""
+        """ND Duplicates"""
 
         #
         # Generate some hosts on the LAN
@@ -540,26 +585,30 @@ class TestIPv6(TestIPv6ND):
         #
         # Add host 1 on pg1 and pg2
         #
-        ns_pg1 = VppNeighbor(self,
-                             self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                             self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].mac,
-                             self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip6)
+        ns_pg1 = VppNeighbor(
+            self,
+            self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].mac,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip6,
+        )
         ns_pg1.add_vpp_config()
-        ns_pg2 = VppNeighbor(self,
-                             self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                             self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                             self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip6)
+        ns_pg2 = VppNeighbor(
+            self,
+            self.pg2.sw_if_index,
+            self.pg2.remote_mac,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip6,
+        )
         ns_pg2.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # IP packet destined for pg1 remote host arrives on pg1 again.
         #
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                   src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                  dst=self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip6) /
-             inet6.UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw())
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip6)
+            / inet6.UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw()
+        )
 
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -567,11 +616,13 @@ class TestIPv6(TestIPv6ND):
 
         rx1 = self.pg1.get_capture(1)
 
-        self.verify_ip(rx1[0],
-                       self.pg1.local_mac,
-                       self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].mac,
-                       self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                       self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip6)
+        self.verify_ip(
+            rx1[0],
+            self.pg1.local_mac,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].mac,
+            self.pg0.remote_ip6,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip6,
+        )
 
         #
         # remove the duplicate on pg1
@@ -579,8 +630,7 @@ class TestIPv6(TestIPv6ND):
         #
         ns_pg1.remove_vpp_config()
 
-        self.send_and_expect_ns(self.pg0, self.pg1,
-                                p, self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip6)
+        self.send_and_expect_ns(self.pg0, self.pg1, p, self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip6)
 
         #
         # Add it back
@@ -593,14 +643,15 @@ class TestIPv6(TestIPv6ND):
 
         rx1 = self.pg1.get_capture(1)
 
-        self.verify_ip(rx1[0],
-                       self.pg1.local_mac,
-                       self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].mac,
-                       self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                       self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip6)
+        self.verify_ip(
+            rx1[0],
+            self.pg1.local_mac,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].mac,
+            self.pg0.remote_ip6,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip6,
+        )
 
-    def validate_ra(self, intf, rx, dst_ip=None, src_ip=None,
-                    mtu=9000, pi_opt=None):
+    def validate_ra(self, intf, rx, dst_ip=None, src_ip=None, mtu=9000, pi_opt=None):
         if not dst_ip:
             dst_ip = intf.remote_ip6
         if not src_ip:
@@ -614,8 +665,7 @@ class TestIPv6(TestIPv6ND):
 
         # the rx'd RA should be addressed to the sender's source
         self.assertTrue(rx.haslayer(ICMPv6ND_RA))
-        self.assertEqual(in6_ptop(rx[IPv6].dst),
-                         in6_ptop(dst_ip))
+        self.assertEqual(in6_ptop(rx[IPv6].dst), in6_ptop(dst_ip))
 
         # and come from the router's link local
         self.assertTrue(in6_islladdr(rx[IPv6].src))
@@ -631,8 +681,7 @@ class TestIPv6(TestIPv6ND):
 
         if not pi_opt:
             # the RA should not contain prefix information
-            self.assertFalse(ra.haslayer(
-                ICMPv6NDOptPrefixInfo))
+            self.assertFalse(ra.haslayer(ICMPv6NDOptPrefixInfo))
         else:
             raos = rx.getlayer(ICMPv6NDOptPrefixInfo, 1)
 
@@ -642,24 +691,30 @@ class TestIPv6(TestIPv6ND):
             # however, the getlayer(.., 2) does give one instance.
             # so we cheat here and construct a new opt instance for comparison
             rd = ICMPv6NDOptPrefixInfo(
-                prefixlen=raos.prefixlen,
-                prefix=raos.prefix,
-                L=raos.L,
-                A=raos.A)
+                prefixlen=raos.prefixlen, prefix=raos.prefix, L=raos.L, A=raos.A
+            )
             if type(pi_opt) is list:
                 for ii in range(len(pi_opt)):
                     self.assertEqual(pi_opt[ii], rd)
-                    rd = rx.getlayer(
-                        ICMPv6NDOptPrefixInfo, ii + 2)
+                    rd = rx.getlayer(ICMPv6NDOptPrefixInfo, ii + 2)
             else:
-                self.assertEqual(pi_opt, raos, 'Expected: %s, received: %s'
-                                 % (pi_opt.show(dump=True),
-                                    raos.show(dump=True)))
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    pi_opt,
+                    raos,
+                    "Expected: %s, received: %s"
+                    % (pi_opt.show(dump=True), raos.show(dump=True)),
+                )
 
-    def send_and_expect_ra(self, intf, pkts, remark, dst_ip=None,
-                           filter_out_fn=is_ipv6_misc,
-                           opt=None,
-                           src_ip=None):
+    def send_and_expect_ra(
+        self,
+        intf,
+        pkts,
+        remark,
+        dst_ip=None,
+        filter_out_fn=is_ipv6_misc,
+        opt=None,
+        src_ip=None,
+    ):
         self.vapi.cli("clear trace")
         intf.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -671,7 +726,7 @@ class TestIPv6(TestIPv6ND):
         self.validate_ra(intf, rx, dst_ip, src_ip=src_ip, pi_opt=opt)
 
     def test_rs(self):
-        """ IPv6 Router Solicitation Exceptions
+        """IPv6 Router Solicitation Exceptions
 
         Test scenario:
         """
@@ -692,9 +747,11 @@ class TestIPv6(TestIPv6ND):
         # An RS from a link source address
         #  - expect an RA in return
         #
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(dst=self.pg0.local_ip6, src=self.pg0.remote_ip6) /
-             ICMPv6ND_RS())
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(dst=self.pg0.local_ip6, src=self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+            / ICMPv6ND_RS()
+        )
         pkts = [p]
         self.send_and_expect_ra(self.pg0, pkts, "Genuine RS")
 
@@ -716,26 +773,26 @@ class TestIPv6(TestIPv6ND):
         # An RS sent from a non-link local source
         #
         self.pg0.ip6_ra_config(send_unicast=1)
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(dst=self.pg0.local_ip6,
-                  src="2002::ffff") /
-             ICMPv6ND_RS())
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(dst=self.pg0.local_ip6, src="2002::ffff")
+            / ICMPv6ND_RS()
+        )
         pkts = [p]
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, pkts,
-                                        "RS from non-link source")
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, pkts, "RS from non-link source")
 
         #
         # Source an RS from a link local address
         #
         self.pg0.ip6_ra_config(send_unicast=1)
         ll = mk_ll_addr(self.pg0.remote_mac)
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(dst=self.pg0.local_ip6, src=ll) /
-             ICMPv6ND_RS())
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(dst=self.pg0.local_ip6, src=ll)
+            / ICMPv6ND_RS()
+        )
         pkts = [p]
-        self.send_and_expect_ra(self.pg0, pkts,
-                                "RS sourced from link-local",
-                                dst_ip=ll)
+        self.send_and_expect_ra(self.pg0, pkts, "RS sourced from link-local", dst_ip=ll)
 
         #
         # Source an RS from a link local address
@@ -743,12 +800,13 @@ class TestIPv6(TestIPv6ND):
         #
         self.pg0.ip6_ra_config(send_unicast=1, suppress=1)
         ll = mk_ll_addr(self.pg0.remote_mac)
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(dst=self.pg0.local_ip6, src=ll) /
-             ICMPv6ND_RS())
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(dst=self.pg0.local_ip6, src=ll)
+            / ICMPv6ND_RS()
+        )
         pkts = [p]
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, pkts,
-                                        "Suppressed RS from link-local")
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, pkts, "Suppressed RS from link-local")
 
         #
         # Send the RS multicast
@@ -757,13 +815,13 @@ class TestIPv6(TestIPv6ND):
         self.pg0.ip6_ra_config(send_unicast=1)
         dmac = in6_getnsmac(inet_pton(AF_INET6, "ff02::2"))
         ll = mk_ll_addr(self.pg0.remote_mac)
-        p = (Ether(dst=dmac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(dst="ff02::2", src=ll) /
-             ICMPv6ND_RS())
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=dmac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(dst="ff02::2", src=ll)
+            / ICMPv6ND_RS()
+        )
         pkts = [p]
-        self.send_and_expect_ra(self.pg0, pkts,
-                                "RS sourced from link-local",
-                                dst_ip=ll)
+        self.send_and_expect_ra(self.pg0, pkts, "RS sourced from link-local", dst_ip=ll)
 
         #
         # Source from the unspecified address ::. This happens when the RS
@@ -774,209 +832,204 @@ class TestIPv6(TestIPv6ND):
         # it's not an error.
         #
         self.pg0.ip6_ra_config(send_unicast=1)
-        p = (Ether(dst=dmac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(dst="ff02::2", src="::") /
-             ICMPv6ND_RS())
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=dmac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(dst="ff02::2", src="::")
+            / ICMPv6ND_RS()
+        )
         pkts = [p]
-        self.send_and_expect_ra(self.pg0, pkts,
-                                "RS sourced from unspecified",
-                                dst_ip="ff02::1",
-                                filter_out_fn=None)
+        self.send_and_expect_ra(
+            self.pg0,
+            pkts,
+            "RS sourced from unspecified",
+            dst_ip="ff02::1",
+            filter_out_fn=None,
+        )
 
         #
         # Configure The RA to announce the links prefix
         #
-        self.pg0.ip6_ra_prefix('%s/%s' % (self.pg0.local_ip6,
-                               self.pg0.local_ip6_prefix_len))
+        self.pg0.ip6_ra_prefix(
+            "%s/%s" % (self.pg0.local_ip6, self.pg0.local_ip6_prefix_len)
+        )
 
         #
         # RAs should now contain the prefix information option
         #
         opt = ICMPv6NDOptPrefixInfo(
-            prefixlen=self.pg0.local_ip6_prefix_len,
-            prefix=self.pg0.local_ip6,
-            L=1,
-            A=1)
+            prefixlen=self.pg0.local_ip6_prefix_len, prefix=self.pg0.local_ip6, L=1, A=1
+        )
 
         self.pg0.ip6_ra_config(send_unicast=1)
         ll = mk_ll_addr(self.pg0.remote_mac)
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(dst=self.pg0.local_ip6, src=ll) /
-             ICMPv6ND_RS())
-        self.send_and_expect_ra(self.pg0, p,
-                                "RA with prefix-info",
-                                dst_ip=ll,
-                                opt=opt)
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(dst=self.pg0.local_ip6, src=ll)
+            / ICMPv6ND_RS()
+        )
+        self.send_and_expect_ra(self.pg0, p, "RA with prefix-info", dst_ip=ll, opt=opt)
 
         #
         # Change the prefix info to not off-link
         #  L-flag is clear
         #
-        self.pg0.ip6_ra_prefix('%s/%s' % (self.pg0.local_ip6,
-                               self.pg0.local_ip6_prefix_len),
-                               off_link=1)
+        self.pg0.ip6_ra_prefix(
+            "%s/%s" % (self.pg0.local_ip6, self.pg0.local_ip6_prefix_len), off_link=1
+        )
 
         opt = ICMPv6NDOptPrefixInfo(
-            prefixlen=self.pg0.local_ip6_prefix_len,
-            prefix=self.pg0.local_ip6,
-            L=0,
-            A=1)
+            prefixlen=self.pg0.local_ip6_prefix_len, prefix=self.pg0.local_ip6, L=0, A=1
+        )
 
         self.pg0.ip6_ra_config(send_unicast=1)
-        self.send_and_expect_ra(self.pg0, p,
-                                "RA with Prefix info with L-flag=0",
-                                dst_ip=ll,
-                                opt=opt)
+        self.send_and_expect_ra(
+            self.pg0, p, "RA with Prefix info with L-flag=0", dst_ip=ll, opt=opt
+        )
 
         #
         # Change the prefix info to not off-link, no-autoconfig
         #  L and A flag are clear in the advert
         #
-        self.pg0.ip6_ra_prefix('%s/%s' % (self.pg0.local_ip6,
-                               self.pg0.local_ip6_prefix_len),
-                               off_link=1,
-                               no_autoconfig=1)
+        self.pg0.ip6_ra_prefix(
+            "%s/%s" % (self.pg0.local_ip6, self.pg0.local_ip6_prefix_len),
+            off_link=1,
+            no_autoconfig=1,
+        )
 
         opt = ICMPv6NDOptPrefixInfo(
-            prefixlen=self.pg0.local_ip6_prefix_len,
-            prefix=self.pg0.local_ip6,
-            L=0,
-            A=0)
+            prefixlen=self.pg0.local_ip6_prefix_len, prefix=self.pg0.local_ip6, L=0, A=0
+        )
 
         self.pg0.ip6_ra_config(send_unicast=1)
-        self.send_and_expect_ra(self.pg0, p,
-                                "RA with Prefix info with A & L-flag=0",
-                                dst_ip=ll,
-                                opt=opt)
+        self.send_and_expect_ra(
+            self.pg0, p, "RA with Prefix info with A & L-flag=0", dst_ip=ll, opt=opt
+        )
 
         #
         # Change the flag settings back to the defaults
         #  L and A flag are set in the advert
         #
-        self.pg0.ip6_ra_prefix('%s/%s' % (self.pg0.local_ip6,
-                               self.pg0.local_ip6_prefix_len))
+        self.pg0.ip6_ra_prefix(
+            "%s/%s" % (self.pg0.local_ip6, self.pg0.local_ip6_prefix_len)
+        )
 
         opt = ICMPv6NDOptPrefixInfo(
-            prefixlen=self.pg0.local_ip6_prefix_len,
-            prefix=self.pg0.local_ip6,
-            L=1,
-            A=1)
+            prefixlen=self.pg0.local_ip6_prefix_len, prefix=self.pg0.local_ip6, L=1, A=1
+        )
 
         self.pg0.ip6_ra_config(send_unicast=1)
-        self.send_and_expect_ra(self.pg0, p,
-                                "RA with Prefix info",
-                                dst_ip=ll,
-                                opt=opt)
+        self.send_and_expect_ra(self.pg0, p, "RA with Prefix info", dst_ip=ll, opt=opt)
 
         #
         # Change the prefix info to not off-link, no-autoconfig
         #  L and A flag are clear in the advert
         #
-        self.pg0.ip6_ra_prefix('%s/%s' % (self.pg0.local_ip6,
-                               self.pg0.local_ip6_prefix_len),
-                               off_link=1,
-                               no_autoconfig=1)
+        self.pg0.ip6_ra_prefix(
+            "%s/%s" % (self.pg0.local_ip6, self.pg0.local_ip6_prefix_len),
+            off_link=1,
+            no_autoconfig=1,
+        )
 
         opt = ICMPv6NDOptPrefixInfo(
-            prefixlen=self.pg0.local_ip6_prefix_len,
-            prefix=self.pg0.local_ip6,
-            L=0,
-            A=0)
+            prefixlen=self.pg0.local_ip6_prefix_len, prefix=self.pg0.local_ip6, L=0, A=0
+        )
 
         self.pg0.ip6_ra_config(send_unicast=1)
-        self.send_and_expect_ra(self.pg0, p,
-                                "RA with Prefix info with A & L-flag=0",
-                                dst_ip=ll,
-                                opt=opt)
+        self.send_and_expect_ra(
+            self.pg0, p, "RA with Prefix info with A & L-flag=0", dst_ip=ll, opt=opt
+        )
 
         #
         # Use the reset to defaults option to revert to defaults
         #  L and A flag are clear in the advert
         #
-        self.pg0.ip6_ra_prefix('%s/%s' % (self.pg0.local_ip6,
-                               self.pg0.local_ip6_prefix_len),
-                               use_default=1)
+        self.pg0.ip6_ra_prefix(
+            "%s/%s" % (self.pg0.local_ip6, self.pg0.local_ip6_prefix_len), use_default=1
+        )
 
         opt = ICMPv6NDOptPrefixInfo(
-            prefixlen=self.pg0.local_ip6_prefix_len,
-            prefix=self.pg0.local_ip6,
-            L=1,
-            A=1)
+            prefixlen=self.pg0.local_ip6_prefix_len, prefix=self.pg0.local_ip6, L=1, A=1
+        )
 
         self.pg0.ip6_ra_config(send_unicast=1)
-        self.send_and_expect_ra(self.pg0, p,
-                                "RA with Prefix reverted to defaults",
-                                dst_ip=ll,
-                                opt=opt)
+        self.send_and_expect_ra(
+            self.pg0, p, "RA with Prefix reverted to defaults", dst_ip=ll, opt=opt
+        )
 
         #
         # Advertise Another prefix. With no L-flag/A-flag
         #
-        self.pg0.ip6_ra_prefix('%s/%s' % (self.pg1.local_ip6,
-                               self.pg1.local_ip6_prefix_len),
-                               off_link=1,
-                               no_autoconfig=1)
+        self.pg0.ip6_ra_prefix(
+            "%s/%s" % (self.pg1.local_ip6, self.pg1.local_ip6_prefix_len),
+            off_link=1,
+            no_autoconfig=1,
+        )
 
-        opt = [ICMPv6NDOptPrefixInfo(
-            prefixlen=self.pg0.local_ip6_prefix_len,
-            prefix=self.pg0.local_ip6,
-            L=1,
-            A=1),
+        opt = [
+            ICMPv6NDOptPrefixInfo(
+                prefixlen=self.pg0.local_ip6_prefix_len,
+                prefix=self.pg0.local_ip6,
+                L=1,
+                A=1,
+            ),
             ICMPv6NDOptPrefixInfo(
                 prefixlen=self.pg1.local_ip6_prefix_len,
                 prefix=self.pg1.local_ip6,
                 L=0,
-                A=0)]
+                A=0,
+            ),
+        ]
 
         self.pg0.ip6_ra_config(send_unicast=1)
         ll = mk_ll_addr(self.pg0.remote_mac)
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(dst=self.pg0.local_ip6, src=ll) /
-             ICMPv6ND_RS())
-        self.send_and_expect_ra(self.pg0, p,
-                                "RA with multiple Prefix infos",
-                                dst_ip=ll,
-                                opt=opt)
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(dst=self.pg0.local_ip6, src=ll)
+            / ICMPv6ND_RS()
+        )
+        self.send_and_expect_ra(
+            self.pg0, p, "RA with multiple Prefix infos", dst_ip=ll, opt=opt
+        )
 
         #
         # Remove the first prefix-info - expect the second is still in the
         # advert
         #
-        self.pg0.ip6_ra_prefix('%s/%s' % (self.pg0.local_ip6,
-                               self.pg0.local_ip6_prefix_len),
-                               is_no=1)
+        self.pg0.ip6_ra_prefix(
+            "%s/%s" % (self.pg0.local_ip6, self.pg0.local_ip6_prefix_len), is_no=1
+        )
 
         opt = ICMPv6NDOptPrefixInfo(
-            prefixlen=self.pg1.local_ip6_prefix_len,
-            prefix=self.pg1.local_ip6,
-            L=0,
-            A=0)
+            prefixlen=self.pg1.local_ip6_prefix_len, prefix=self.pg1.local_ip6, L=0, A=0
+        )
 
         self.pg0.ip6_ra_config(send_unicast=1)
-        self.send_and_expect_ra(self.pg0, p,
-                                "RA with Prefix reverted to defaults",
-                                dst_ip=ll,
-                                opt=opt)
+        self.send_and_expect_ra(
+            self.pg0, p, "RA with Prefix reverted to defaults", dst_ip=ll, opt=opt
+        )
 
         #
         # Remove the second prefix-info - expect no prefix-info in the adverts
         #
-        self.pg0.ip6_ra_prefix('%s/%s' % (self.pg1.local_ip6,
-                               self.pg1.local_ip6_prefix_len),
-                               is_no=1)
+        self.pg0.ip6_ra_prefix(
+            "%s/%s" % (self.pg1.local_ip6, self.pg1.local_ip6_prefix_len), is_no=1
+        )
 
         #
         # change the link's link local, so we know that works too.
         #
         self.vapi.sw_interface_ip6_set_link_local_address(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            ip="fe80::88")
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, ip="fe80::88"
+        )
 
         self.pg0.ip6_ra_config(send_unicast=1)
-        self.send_and_expect_ra(self.pg0, p,
-                                "RA with Prefix reverted to defaults",
-                                dst_ip=ll,
-                                src_ip="fe80::88")
+        self.send_and_expect_ra(
+            self.pg0,
+            p,
+            "RA with Prefix reverted to defaults",
+            dst_ip=ll,
+            src_ip="fe80::88",
+        )
 
         #
         # Reset the periodic advertisements back to default values
@@ -985,7 +1038,7 @@ class TestIPv6(TestIPv6ND):
         self.pg0.ip6_ra_config(no=1, send_unicast=1)
 
     def test_mld(self):
-        """ MLD Report """
+        """MLD Report"""
         #
         # test one MLD is sent after applying an IPv6 Address on an interface
         #
@@ -1006,25 +1059,30 @@ class TestIPv6(TestIPv6ND):
             # make sure ipv6 packets with hop by hop options have
             # correct checksums
             self.assert_packet_checksums_valid(rx)
-            if rx.haslayer(IPv6ExtHdrHopByHop) and \
-               rx.haslayer(Dot1Q) and \
-               rx[Dot1Q].vlan == 99:
+            if (
+                rx.haslayer(IPv6ExtHdrHopByHop)
+                and rx.haslayer(Dot1Q)
+                and rx[Dot1Q].vlan == 99
+            ):
                 mld = rx[ICMPv6MLReport2]
 
         self.assertEqual(mld.records_number, 4)
 
 
 class TestIPv6RouteLookup(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv6 Route Lookup Test Case """
+    """IPv6 Route Lookup Test Case"""
+
     routes = []
 
     def route_lookup(self, prefix, exact):
-        return self.vapi.api(self.vapi.papi.ip_route_lookup,
-                             {
-                                 'table_id': 0,
-                                 'exact': exact,
-                                 'prefix': prefix,
-                             })
+        return self.vapi.api(
+            self.vapi.papi.ip_route_lookup,
+            {
+                "table_id": 0,
+                "exact": exact,
+                "prefix": prefix,
+            },
+        )
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -1037,8 +1095,7 @@ class TestIPv6RouteLookup(VppTestCase):
     def setUp(self):
         super(TestIPv6RouteLookup, self).setUp()
 
-        drop_nh = VppRoutePath("::1", 0xffffffff,
-                               type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_DROP)
+        drop_nh = VppRoutePath("::1", 0xFFFFFFFF, type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_DROP)
 
         # Add 3 routes
         r = VppIpRoute(self, "2001:1111::", 32, [drop_nh])
@@ -1064,12 +1121,12 @@ class TestIPv6RouteLookup(VppTestCase):
         # Verify we find the host route
         prefix = "2001:1111:2222::1/128"
         result = self.route_lookup(prefix, True)
-        assert (prefix == str(result.route.prefix))
+        assert prefix == str(result.route.prefix)
 
         # Verify we find a middle prefix route
         prefix = "2001:1111:2222::/48"
         result = self.route_lookup(prefix, True)
-        assert (prefix == str(result.route.prefix))
+        assert prefix == str(result.route.prefix)
 
         # Verify we do not find an available LPM.
         with self.vapi.assert_negative_api_retval():
@@ -1079,17 +1136,17 @@ class TestIPv6RouteLookup(VppTestCase):
         # verify we find lpm
         lpm_prefix = "2001:1111:2222::/48"
         result = self.route_lookup("2001:1111:2222::2/128", False)
-        assert (lpm_prefix == str(result.route.prefix))
+        assert lpm_prefix == str(result.route.prefix)
 
         # Verify we find the exact when not requested
         result = self.route_lookup(lpm_prefix, False)
-        assert (lpm_prefix == str(result.route.prefix))
+        assert lpm_prefix == str(result.route.prefix)
 
         # Can't seem to delete the default route so no negative LPM test.
 
 
 class TestIPv6IfAddrRoute(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv6 Interface Addr Route Test Case """
+    """IPv6 Interface Addr Route Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -1117,7 +1174,7 @@ class TestIPv6IfAddrRoute(VppTestCase):
             i.admin_down()
 
     def test_ipv6_ifaddrs_same_prefix(self):
-        """ IPv6 Interface Addresses Same Prefix test
+        """IPv6 Interface Addresses Same Prefix test
 
         Test scenario:
 
@@ -1161,7 +1218,7 @@ class TestIPv6IfAddrRoute(VppTestCase):
         self.assertFalse(find_route(self, addr2, 128))
 
     def test_ipv6_ifaddr_del(self):
-        """ Delete an interface address that does not exist """
+        """Delete an interface address that does not exist"""
 
         loopbacks = self.create_loopback_interfaces(1)
         lo = self.lo_interfaces[0]
@@ -1174,13 +1231,12 @@ class TestIPv6IfAddrRoute(VppTestCase):
         #
         with self.vapi.assert_negative_api_retval():
             self.vapi.sw_interface_add_del_address(
-                sw_if_index=lo.sw_if_index,
-                prefix=self.pg0.local_ip6_prefix,
-                is_add=0)
+                sw_if_index=lo.sw_if_index, prefix=self.pg0.local_ip6_prefix, is_add=0
+            )
 
 
 class TestICMPv6Echo(VppTestCase):
-    """ ICMPv6 Echo Test Case """
+    """ICMPv6 Echo Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -1209,7 +1265,7 @@ class TestICMPv6Echo(VppTestCase):
             i.admin_down()
 
     def test_icmpv6_echo(self):
-        """ VPP replies to ICMPv6 Echo Request
+        """VPP replies to ICMPv6 Echo Request
 
         Test scenario:
 
@@ -1219,14 +1275,18 @@ class TestICMPv6Echo(VppTestCase):
 
         # test both with global and local ipv6 addresses
         dsts = (self.pg0.local_ip6, self.pg0.local_ip6_ll)
-        id = 0xb
+        id = 0xB
         seq = 5
-        data = b'\x0a' * 18
+        data = b"\x0a" * 18
         p = list()
         for dst in dsts:
-            p.append((Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                      IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=dst) /
-                      ICMPv6EchoRequest(id=id, seq=seq, data=data)))
+            p.append(
+                (
+                    Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                    / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=dst)
+                    / ICMPv6EchoRequest(id=id, seq=seq, data=data)
+                )
+            )
 
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -1248,7 +1308,7 @@ class TestICMPv6Echo(VppTestCase):
 
 
 class TestIPv6RD(TestIPv6ND):
-    """ IPv6 Router Discovery Test Case """
+    """IPv6 Router Discovery Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -1278,51 +1338,52 @@ class TestIPv6RD(TestIPv6ND):
         super(TestIPv6RD, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_rd_send_router_solicitation(self):
-        """ Verify router solicitation packets """
+        """Verify router solicitation packets"""
 
         count = 2
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
-        self.vapi.ip6nd_send_router_solicitation(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                                 mrc=count)
+        self.vapi.ip6nd_send_router_solicitation(self.pg1.sw_if_index, mrc=count)
         rx_list = self.pg1.get_capture(count, timeout=3)
         self.assertEqual(len(rx_list), count)
         for packet in rx_list:
             self.assertEqual(packet.haslayer(IPv6), 1)
-            self.assertEqual(packet[IPv6].haslayer(
-                ICMPv6ND_RS), 1)
+            self.assertEqual(packet[IPv6].haslayer(ICMPv6ND_RS), 1)
             dst = ip6_normalize(packet[IPv6].dst)
             dst2 = ip6_normalize("ff02::2")
             self.assert_equal(dst, dst2)
             src = ip6_normalize(packet[IPv6].src)
             src2 = ip6_normalize(self.pg1.local_ip6_ll)
             self.assert_equal(src, src2)
-            self.assertTrue(
-                bool(packet[ICMPv6ND_RS].haslayer(
-                    ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr)))
-            self.assert_equal(
-                packet[ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr].lladdr,
-                self.pg1.local_mac)
+            self.assertTrue(bool(packet[ICMPv6ND_RS].haslayer(ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr)))
+            self.assert_equal(packet[ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr].lladdr, self.pg1.local_mac)
 
     def verify_prefix_info(self, reported_prefix, prefix_option):
         prefix = IPv6Network(
-            text_type(prefix_option.getfieldval("prefix") +
-                      "/" +
-                      text_type(prefix_option.getfieldval("prefixlen"))),
-            strict=False)
-        self.assert_equal(reported_prefix.prefix.network_address,
-                          prefix.network_address)
+            text_type(
+                prefix_option.getfieldval("prefix")
+                + "/"
+                + text_type(prefix_option.getfieldval("prefixlen"))
+            ),
+            strict=False,
+        )
+        self.assert_equal(
+            reported_prefix.prefix.network_address, prefix.network_address
+        )
         L = prefix_option.getfieldval("L")
         A = prefix_option.getfieldval("A")
         option_flags = (L << 7) | (A << 6)
         self.assert_equal(reported_prefix.flags, option_flags)
-        self.assert_equal(reported_prefix.valid_time,
-                          prefix_option.getfieldval("validlifetime"))
-        self.assert_equal(reported_prefix.preferred_time,
-                          prefix_option.getfieldval("preferredlifetime"))
+        self.assert_equal(
+            reported_prefix.valid_time, prefix_option.getfieldval("validlifetime")
+        )
+        self.assert_equal(
+            reported_prefix.preferred_time,
+            prefix_option.getfieldval("preferredlifetime"),
+        )
 
     def test_rd_receive_router_advertisement(self):
-        """ Verify events triggered by received RA packets """
+        """Verify events triggered by received RA packets"""
 
         self.vapi.want_ip6_ra_events(enable=1)
 
@@ -1344,12 +1405,13 @@ class TestIPv6RD(TestIPv6ND):
             A=0,
         )
 
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(dst=self.pg1.local_ip6_ll,
-                  src=mk_ll_addr(self.pg1.remote_mac)) /
-             ICMPv6ND_RA() /
-             prefix_info_1 /
-             prefix_info_2)
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(dst=self.pg1.local_ip6_ll, src=mk_ll_addr(self.pg1.remote_mac))
+            / ICMPv6ND_RA()
+            / prefix_info_1
+            / prefix_info_2
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream([p])
         self.pg_start()
 
@@ -1360,7 +1422,8 @@ class TestIPv6RD(TestIPv6ND):
         self.assert_equal(ev.router_lifetime_in_sec, 1800)
         self.assert_equal(ev.neighbor_reachable_time_in_msec, 0)
         self.assert_equal(
-            ev.time_in_msec_between_retransmitted_neighbor_solicitations, 0)
+            ev.time_in_msec_between_retransmitted_neighbor_solicitations, 0
+        )
 
         self.assert_equal(ev.n_prefixes, 2)
 
@@ -1369,7 +1432,7 @@ class TestIPv6RD(TestIPv6ND):
 
 
 class TestIPv6RDControlPlane(TestIPv6ND):
-    """ IPv6 Router Discovery Control Plane Test Case """
+    """IPv6 Router Discovery Control Plane Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -1403,8 +1466,11 @@ class TestIPv6RDControlPlane(TestIPv6ND):
             ra = ICMPv6ND_RA(routerlifetime=routerlifetime)
         else:
             ra = ICMPv6ND_RA()
-        p = (Ether(dst=pg.local_mac, src=pg.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(dst=dst_ip, src=src_ip) / ra)
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=pg.local_mac, src=pg.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(dst=dst_ip, src=src_ip)
+            / ra
+        )
         return p
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -1415,8 +1481,8 @@ class TestIPv6RDControlPlane(TestIPv6ND):
                 for path in entry.route.paths:
                     if path.sw_if_index != 0xFFFFFFFF:
                         defaut_route = {}
-                        defaut_route['sw_if_index'] = path.sw_if_index
-                        defaut_route['next_hop'] = path.nh.address.ip6
+                        defaut_route["sw_if_index"] = path.sw_if_index
+                        defaut_route["next_hop"] = path.nh.address.ip6
                         list.append(defaut_route)
         return list
 
@@ -1431,7 +1497,7 @@ class TestIPv6RDControlPlane(TestIPv6ND):
         return list
 
     def wait_for_no_default_route(self, n_tries=50, s_time=1):
-        while (n_tries):
+        while n_tries:
             fib = self.vapi.ip_route_dump(0, True)
             default_routes = self.get_default_routes(fib)
             if 0 == len(default_routes):
@@ -1442,7 +1508,7 @@ class TestIPv6RDControlPlane(TestIPv6ND):
         return False
 
     def test_all(self):
-        """ Test handling of SLAAC addresses and default routes """
+        """Test handling of SLAAC addresses and default routes"""
 
         fib = self.vapi.ip_route_dump(0, True)
         default_routes = self.get_default_routes(fib)
@@ -1455,22 +1521,25 @@ class TestIPv6RDControlPlane(TestIPv6ND):
         self.sleep(0.1)
 
         # send RA
-        packet = (self.create_ra_packet(
-            self.pg0) / ICMPv6NDOptPrefixInfo(
-            prefix="1::",
-            prefixlen=64,
-            validlifetime=2,
-            preferredlifetime=2,
-            L=1,
-            A=1,
-        ) / ICMPv6NDOptPrefixInfo(
-            prefix="7::",
-            prefixlen=20,
-            validlifetime=1500,
-            preferredlifetime=1000,
-            L=1,
-            A=0,
-        ))
+        packet = (
+            self.create_ra_packet(self.pg0)
+            / ICMPv6NDOptPrefixInfo(
+                prefix="1::",
+                prefixlen=64,
+                validlifetime=2,
+                preferredlifetime=2,
+                L=1,
+                A=1,
+            )
+            / ICMPv6NDOptPrefixInfo(
+                prefix="7::",
+                prefixlen=20,
+                validlifetime=1500,
+                preferredlifetime=1000,
+                L=1,
+                A=0,
+            )
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream([packet])
         self.pg_start()
 
@@ -1482,16 +1551,17 @@ class TestIPv6RDControlPlane(TestIPv6ND):
         addresses = set(self.get_interface_addresses(fib, self.pg0))
         new_addresses = addresses.difference(initial_addresses)
         self.assertEqual(len(new_addresses), 1)
-        prefix = IPv6Network(text_type("%s/%d" % (list(new_addresses)[0], 20)),
-                             strict=False)
-        self.assertEqual(prefix, IPv6Network(text_type('1::/20')))
+        prefix = IPv6Network(
+            text_type("%s/%d" % (list(new_addresses)[0], 20)), strict=False
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(prefix, IPv6Network(text_type("1::/20")))
 
         # check FIB for new default route
         default_routes = self.get_default_routes(fib)
         self.assertEqual(len(default_routes), 1)
         dr = default_routes[0]
-        self.assertEqual(dr['sw_if_index'], self.pg0.sw_if_index)
-        self.assertEqual(dr['next_hop'], router_address)
+        self.assertEqual(dr["sw_if_index"], self.pg0.sw_if_index)
+        self.assertEqual(dr["next_hop"], router_address)
 
         # send RA to delete default route
         packet = self.create_ra_packet(self.pg0, routerlifetime=0)
@@ -1519,8 +1589,8 @@ class TestIPv6RDControlPlane(TestIPv6ND):
         default_routes = self.get_default_routes(fib)
         self.assertEqual(len(default_routes), 1)
         dr = default_routes[0]
-        self.assertEqual(dr['sw_if_index'], self.pg0.sw_if_index)
-        self.assertEqual(dr['next_hop'], router_address)
+        self.assertEqual(dr["sw_if_index"], self.pg0.sw_if_index)
+        self.assertEqual(dr["next_hop"], router_address)
 
         # send RA, updating router lifetime to 1s
         packet = self.create_ra_packet(self.pg0, 1)
@@ -1534,8 +1604,8 @@ class TestIPv6RDControlPlane(TestIPv6ND):
         default_routes = self.get_default_routes(fib)
         self.assertEqual(len(default_routes), 1)
         dr = default_routes[0]
-        self.assertEqual(dr['sw_if_index'], self.pg0.sw_if_index)
-        self.assertEqual(dr['next_hop'], router_address)
+        self.assertEqual(dr["sw_if_index"], self.pg0.sw_if_index)
+        self.assertEqual(dr["next_hop"], router_address)
 
         self.sleep_on_vpp_time(1)
 
@@ -1547,9 +1617,10 @@ class TestIPv6RDControlPlane(TestIPv6ND):
         new_addresses = addresses.difference(initial_addresses)
 
         self.assertEqual(len(new_addresses), 1)
-        prefix = IPv6Network(text_type("%s/%d" % (list(new_addresses)[0], 20)),
-                             strict=False)
-        self.assertEqual(prefix, IPv6Network(text_type('1::/20')))
+        prefix = IPv6Network(
+            text_type("%s/%d" % (list(new_addresses)[0], 20)), strict=False
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(prefix, IPv6Network(text_type("1::/20")))
 
         self.sleep_on_vpp_time(1)
 
@@ -1561,7 +1632,7 @@ class TestIPv6RDControlPlane(TestIPv6ND):
 
 
 class IPv6NDProxyTest(TestIPv6ND):
-    """ IPv6 ND ProxyTest Case """
+    """IPv6 ND ProxyTest Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -1589,7 +1660,7 @@ class IPv6NDProxyTest(TestIPv6ND):
         super(IPv6NDProxyTest, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_nd_proxy(self):
-        """ IPv6 Proxy ND """
+        """IPv6 Proxy ND"""
 
         #
         # Generate some hosts in the subnet that we are proxying
@@ -1604,12 +1675,12 @@ class IPv6NDProxyTest(TestIPv6ND):
         # expect no response since it's from an address that is not
         # on the link that has the prefix configured
         #
-        ns_pg1 = (Ether(dst=in6_getnsmac(nsma), src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-                  IPv6(dst=d,
-                       src=self.pg0._remote_hosts[2].ip6) /
-                  ICMPv6ND_NS(tgt=self.pg0.local_ip6) /
-                  ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr(
-                      lladdr=self.pg0._remote_hosts[2].mac))
+        ns_pg1 = (
+            Ether(dst=in6_getnsmac(nsma), src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(dst=d, src=self.pg0._remote_hosts[2].ip6)
+            / ICMPv6ND_NS(tgt=self.pg0.local_ip6)
+            / ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr(lladdr=self.pg0._remote_hosts[2].mac)
+        )
 
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg1, ns_pg1, "Off link NS")
 
@@ -1617,32 +1688,38 @@ class IPv6NDProxyTest(TestIPv6ND):
         # Add proxy support for the host
         #
         self.vapi.ip6nd_proxy_add_del(
-            is_add=1, ip=inet_pton(AF_INET6, self.pg0._remote_hosts[2].ip6),
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index)
+            is_add=1,
+            ip=inet_pton(AF_INET6, self.pg0._remote_hosts[2].ip6),
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+        )
 
         #
         # try that NS again. this time we expect an NA back
         #
-        self.send_and_expect_na(self.pg1, ns_pg1,
-                                "NS to proxy entry",
-                                dst_ip=self.pg0._remote_hosts[2].ip6,
-                                tgt_ip=self.pg0.local_ip6)
+        self.send_and_expect_na(
+            self.pg1,
+            ns_pg1,
+            "NS to proxy entry",
+            dst_ip=self.pg0._remote_hosts[2].ip6,
+            tgt_ip=self.pg0.local_ip6,
+        )
 
         #
         # ... and that we have an entry in the ND cache
         #
-        self.assertTrue(find_nbr(self,
-                                 self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                 self.pg0._remote_hosts[2].ip6))
+        self.assertTrue(
+            find_nbr(self, self.pg1.sw_if_index, self.pg0._remote_hosts[2].ip6)
+        )
 
         #
         # ... and we can route traffic to it
         #
-        t = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(dst=self.pg0._remote_hosts[2].ip6,
-                  src=self.pg0.remote_ip6) /
-             inet6.UDP(sport=10000, dport=20000) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        t = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(dst=self.pg0._remote_hosts[2].ip6, src=self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+            / inet6.UDP(sport=10000, dport=20000)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         self.pg0.add_stream(t)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -1653,58 +1730,64 @@ class IPv6NDProxyTest(TestIPv6ND):
         self.assertEqual(rx[Ether].dst, self.pg0._remote_hosts[2].mac)
         self.assertEqual(rx[Ether].src, self.pg1.local_mac)
 
-        self.assertEqual(rx[IPv6].src,
-                         t[IPv6].src)
-        self.assertEqual(rx[IPv6].dst,
-                         t[IPv6].dst)
+        self.assertEqual(rx[IPv6].src, t[IPv6].src)
+        self.assertEqual(rx[IPv6].dst, t[IPv6].dst)
 
         #
         # Test we proxy for the host on the main interface
         #
-        ns_pg0 = (Ether(dst=in6_getnsmac(nsma), src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                  IPv6(dst=d, src=self.pg0.remote_ip6) /
-                  ICMPv6ND_NS(
-                      tgt=self.pg0._remote_hosts[2].ip6) /
-                  ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr(
-                      lladdr=self.pg0.remote_mac))
+        ns_pg0 = (
+            Ether(dst=in6_getnsmac(nsma), src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(dst=d, src=self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+            / ICMPv6ND_NS(tgt=self.pg0._remote_hosts[2].ip6)
+            / ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr(lladdr=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+        )
 
-        self.send_and_expect_na(self.pg0, ns_pg0,
-                                "NS to proxy entry on main",
-                                tgt_ip=self.pg0._remote_hosts[2].ip6,
-                                dst_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+        self.send_and_expect_na(
+            self.pg0,
+            ns_pg0,
+            "NS to proxy entry on main",
+            tgt_ip=self.pg0._remote_hosts[2].ip6,
+            dst_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip6,
+        )
 
         #
         # Setup and resolve proxy for another host on another interface
         #
-        ns_pg2 = (Ether(dst=in6_getnsmac(nsma), src=self.pg2.remote_mac) /
-                  IPv6(dst=d,
-                       src=self.pg0._remote_hosts[3].ip6) /
-                  ICMPv6ND_NS(tgt=self.pg0.local_ip6) /
-                  ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr(
-                      lladdr=self.pg0._remote_hosts[2].mac))
+        ns_pg2 = (
+            Ether(dst=in6_getnsmac(nsma), src=self.pg2.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(dst=d, src=self.pg0._remote_hosts[3].ip6)
+            / ICMPv6ND_NS(tgt=self.pg0.local_ip6)
+            / ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr(lladdr=self.pg0._remote_hosts[2].mac)
+        )
 
         self.vapi.ip6nd_proxy_add_del(
-            is_add=1, ip=inet_pton(AF_INET6, self.pg0._remote_hosts[3].ip6),
-            sw_if_index=self.pg2.sw_if_index)
+            is_add=1,
+            ip=inet_pton(AF_INET6, self.pg0._remote_hosts[3].ip6),
+            sw_if_index=self.pg2.sw_if_index,
+        )
 
-        self.send_and_expect_na(self.pg2, ns_pg2,
-                                "NS to proxy entry other interface",
-                                dst_ip=self.pg0._remote_hosts[3].ip6,
-                                tgt_ip=self.pg0.local_ip6)
+        self.send_and_expect_na(
+            self.pg2,
+            ns_pg2,
+            "NS to proxy entry other interface",
+            dst_ip=self.pg0._remote_hosts[3].ip6,
+            tgt_ip=self.pg0.local_ip6,
+        )
 
-        self.assertTrue(find_nbr(self,
-                                 self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                                 self.pg0._remote_hosts[3].ip6))
+        self.assertTrue(
+            find_nbr(self, self.pg2.sw_if_index, self.pg0._remote_hosts[3].ip6)
+        )
 
         #
         # hosts can communicate. pg2->pg1
         #
-        t2 = (Ether(dst=self.pg2.local_mac,
-                    src=self.pg0.remote_hosts[3].mac) /
-              IPv6(dst=self.pg0._remote_hosts[2].ip6,
-                   src=self.pg0._remote_hosts[3].ip6) /
-              inet6.UDP(sport=10000, dport=20000) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        t2 = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg2.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_hosts[3].mac)
+            / IPv6(dst=self.pg0._remote_hosts[2].ip6, src=self.pg0._remote_hosts[3].ip6)
+            / inet6.UDP(sport=10000, dport=20000)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         self.pg2.add_stream(t2)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -1715,27 +1798,29 @@ class IPv6NDProxyTest(TestIPv6ND):
         self.assertEqual(rx[Ether].dst, self.pg0._remote_hosts[2].mac)
         self.assertEqual(rx[Ether].src, self.pg1.local_mac)
 
-        self.assertEqual(rx[IPv6].src,
-                         t2[IPv6].src)
-        self.assertEqual(rx[IPv6].dst,
-                         t2[IPv6].dst)
+        self.assertEqual(rx[IPv6].src, t2[IPv6].src)
+        self.assertEqual(rx[IPv6].dst, t2[IPv6].dst)
 
         #
         # remove the proxy configs
         #
         self.vapi.ip6nd_proxy_add_del(
             ip=inet_pton(AF_INET6, self.pg0._remote_hosts[2].ip6),
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=0)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+            is_add=0,
+        )
         self.vapi.ip6nd_proxy_add_del(
             ip=inet_pton(AF_INET6, self.pg0._remote_hosts[3].ip6),
-            sw_if_index=self.pg2.sw_if_index, is_add=0)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg2.sw_if_index,
+            is_add=0,
+        )
 
-        self.assertFalse(find_nbr(self,
-                                  self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                                  self.pg0._remote_hosts[3].ip6))
-        self.assertFalse(find_nbr(self,
-                                  self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                  self.pg0._remote_hosts[2].ip6))
+        self.assertFalse(
+            find_nbr(self, self.pg2.sw_if_index, self.pg0._remote_hosts[3].ip6)
+        )
+        self.assertFalse(
+            find_nbr(self, self.pg1.sw_if_index, self.pg0._remote_hosts[2].ip6)
+        )
 
         #
         # no longer proxy-ing...
@@ -1758,7 +1843,7 @@ class IPv6NDProxyTest(TestIPv6ND):
 
 
 class TestIP6Null(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv6 routes via NULL """
+    """IPv6 routes via NULL"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -1786,21 +1871,28 @@ class TestIP6Null(VppTestCase):
             i.admin_down()
 
     def test_ip_null(self):
-        """ IP NULL route """
+        """IP NULL route"""
 
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                   dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst="2001::1") /
-             inet6.UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst="2001::1")
+            / inet6.UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         #
         # A route via IP NULL that will reply with ICMP unreachables
         #
         ip_unreach = VppIpRoute(
-            self, "2001::", 64,
-            [VppRoutePath("::", 0xffffffff,
-                          type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_ICMP_UNREACH)])
+            self,
+            "2001::",
+            64,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "::", 0xFFFFFFFF, type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_ICMP_UNREACH
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         ip_unreach.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
@@ -1821,9 +1913,15 @@ class TestIP6Null(VppTestCase):
         # A route via IP NULL that will reply with ICMP prohibited
         #
         ip_prohibit = VppIpRoute(
-            self, "2001::1", 128,
-            [VppRoutePath("::", 0xffffffff,
-                          type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_ICMP_PROHIBIT)])
+            self,
+            "2001::1",
+            128,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "::", 0xFFFFFFFF, type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_ICMP_PROHIBIT
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         ip_prohibit.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
@@ -1839,7 +1937,7 @@ class TestIP6Null(VppTestCase):
 
 
 class TestIP6Disabled(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv6 disabled """
+    """IPv6 disabled"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -1870,7 +1968,7 @@ class TestIP6Disabled(VppTestCase):
             i.admin_down()
 
     def test_ip_disabled(self):
-        """ IP Disabled """
+        """IP Disabled"""
 
         MRouteItfFlags = VppEnum.vl_api_mfib_itf_flags_t
         MRouteEntryFlags = VppEnum.vl_api_mfib_entry_flags_t
@@ -1881,24 +1979,32 @@ class TestIP6Disabled(VppTestCase):
         route_ff_01 = VppIpMRoute(
             self,
             "::",
-            "ffef::1", 128,
+            "ffef::1",
+            128,
             MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE,
-            [VppMRoutePath(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT),
-             VppMRoutePath(self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD)])
+            [
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg1.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT
+                ),
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD
+                ),
+            ],
+        )
         route_ff_01.add_vpp_config()
 
-        pu = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                    dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-              IPv6(src="2001::1", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6) /
-              inet6.UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-        pm = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                    dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-              IPv6(src="2001::1", dst="ffef::1") /
-              inet6.UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        pu = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src="2001::1", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+            / inet6.UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
+        pm = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src="2001::1", dst="ffef::1")
+            / inet6.UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         #
         # PG1 does not forward IP traffic
@@ -1937,7 +2043,7 @@ class TestIP6Disabled(VppTestCase):
 
 
 class TestIP6LoadBalance(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv6 Load-Balancing """
+    """IPv6 Load-Balancing"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -1969,7 +2075,7 @@ class TestIP6LoadBalance(VppTestCase):
         super(TestIP6LoadBalance, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_ip6_load_balance(self):
-        """ IPv6 Load-Balancing """
+        """IPv6 Load-Balancing"""
 
         #
         # An array of packets that differ only in the destination port
@@ -1991,47 +2097,65 @@ class TestIP6LoadBalance(VppTestCase):
 
         for ii in range(NUM_PKTS):
             port_ip_hdr = (
-                IPv6(dst="3000::1", src="3000:1::1") /
-                inet6.UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234 + ii) /
-                Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-            port_ip_pkts.append((Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                       dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                                 port_ip_hdr))
-            port_mpls_pkts.append((Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                         dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                                   MPLS(label=66, ttl=2) /
-                                   port_ip_hdr))
-            port_mpls_neos_pkts.append((Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                              dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                                        MPLS(label=67, ttl=2) /
-                                        MPLS(label=77, ttl=2) /
-                                        port_ip_hdr))
-            port_ent_pkts.append((Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                        dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                                  MPLS(label=67, ttl=2) /
-                                  MPLS(label=14, ttl=2) /
-                                  MPLS(label=999, ttl=2) /
-                                  port_ip_hdr))
+                IPv6(dst="3000::1", src="3000:1::1")
+                / inet6.UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234 + ii)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
+            port_ip_pkts.append(
+                (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) / port_ip_hdr)
+            )
+            port_mpls_pkts.append(
+                (
+                    Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                    / MPLS(label=66, ttl=2)
+                    / port_ip_hdr
+                )
+            )
+            port_mpls_neos_pkts.append(
+                (
+                    Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                    / MPLS(label=67, ttl=2)
+                    / MPLS(label=77, ttl=2)
+                    / port_ip_hdr
+                )
+            )
+            port_ent_pkts.append(
+                (
+                    Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                    / MPLS(label=67, ttl=2)
+                    / MPLS(label=14, ttl=2)
+                    / MPLS(label=999, ttl=2)
+                    / port_ip_hdr
+                )
+            )
             src_ip_hdr = (
-                IPv6(dst="3000::1", src="3000:1::%d" % ii) /
-                inet6.UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-            src_ip_pkts.append((Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                      dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                                src_ip_hdr))
-            src_mpls_pkts.append((Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                        dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                                  MPLS(label=66, ttl=2) /
-                                  src_ip_hdr))
+                IPv6(dst="3000::1", src="3000:1::%d" % ii)
+                / inet6.UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
+            src_ip_pkts.append(
+                (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) / src_ip_hdr)
+            )
+            src_mpls_pkts.append(
+                (
+                    Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                    / MPLS(label=66, ttl=2)
+                    / src_ip_hdr
+                )
+            )
 
         #
         # A route for the IP packets
         #
-        route_3000_1 = VppIpRoute(self, "3000::1", 128,
-                                  [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                                                self.pg1.sw_if_index),
-                                   VppRoutePath(self.pg2.remote_ip6,
-                                                self.pg2.sw_if_index)])
+        route_3000_1 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "3000::1",
+            128,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6, self.pg1.sw_if_index),
+                VppRoutePath(self.pg2.remote_ip6, self.pg2.sw_if_index),
+            ],
+        )
         route_3000_1.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -2043,13 +2167,15 @@ class TestIP6LoadBalance(VppTestCase):
         #
         # An MPLS route for the non-EOS packets
         #
-        route_67 = VppMplsRoute(self, 67, 0,
-                                [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                                              self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                              labels=[67]),
-                                 VppRoutePath(self.pg2.remote_ip6,
-                                              self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                                              labels=[67])])
+        route_67 = VppMplsRoute(
+            self,
+            67,
+            0,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6, self.pg1.sw_if_index, labels=[67]),
+                VppRoutePath(self.pg2.remote_ip6, self.pg2.sw_if_index, labels=[67]),
+            ],
+        )
         route_67.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -2061,17 +2187,20 @@ class TestIP6LoadBalance(VppTestCase):
         # be guaranteed. But with 64 different packets we do expect some
         # balancing. So instead just ensure there is traffic on each link.
         #
-        rx = self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(self.pg0, port_ip_pkts,
-                                                 [self.pg1, self.pg2])
+        rx = self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(
+            self.pg0, port_ip_pkts, [self.pg1, self.pg2]
+        )
         n_ip_pg0 = len(rx[0])
-        self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(self.pg0, src_ip_pkts,
-                                            [self.pg1, self.pg2])
-        self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(self.pg0, port_mpls_pkts,
-                                            [self.pg1, self.pg2])
-        self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(self.pg0, src_mpls_pkts,
-                                            [self.pg1, self.pg2])
-        rx = self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(self.pg0, port_mpls_neos_pkts,
-                                                 [self.pg1, self.pg2])
+        self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(self.pg0, src_ip_pkts, [self.pg1, self.pg2])
+        self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(
+            self.pg0, port_mpls_pkts, [self.pg1, self.pg2]
+        )
+        self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(
+            self.pg0, src_mpls_pkts, [self.pg1, self.pg2]
+        )
+        rx = self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(
+            self.pg0, port_mpls_neos_pkts, [self.pg1, self.pg2]
+        )
         n_mpls_pg0 = len(rx[0])
 
         #
@@ -2079,12 +2208,14 @@ class TestIP6LoadBalance(VppTestCase):
         #
         self.vapi.set_ip_flow_hash_router_id(router_id=0x11111111)
 
-        rx = self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(self.pg0, port_ip_pkts,
-                                                 [self.pg1, self.pg2])
+        rx = self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(
+            self.pg0, port_ip_pkts, [self.pg1, self.pg2]
+        )
         self.assertNotEqual(n_ip_pg0, len(rx[0]))
 
-        rx = self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(self.pg0, src_mpls_pkts,
-                                                 [self.pg1, self.pg2])
+        rx = self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(
+            self.pg0, src_mpls_pkts, [self.pg1, self.pg2]
+        )
         self.assertNotEqual(n_mpls_pg0, len(rx[0]))
 
         #
@@ -2098,20 +2229,22 @@ class TestIP6LoadBalance(VppTestCase):
         #  - now only the stream with differing source address will
         #    load-balance
         #
-        self.vapi.set_ip_flow_hash(vrf_id=0, src=1, dst=1, proto=1,
-                                   sport=0, dport=0, is_ipv6=1)
+        self.vapi.set_ip_flow_hash(
+            vrf_id=0, src=1, dst=1, proto=1, sport=0, dport=0, is_ipv6=1
+        )
 
-        self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(self.pg0, src_ip_pkts,
-                                            [self.pg1, self.pg2])
-        self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(self.pg0, src_mpls_pkts,
-                                            [self.pg1, self.pg2])
+        self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(self.pg0, src_ip_pkts, [self.pg1, self.pg2])
+        self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(
+            self.pg0, src_mpls_pkts, [self.pg1, self.pg2]
+        )
         self.send_and_expect_only(self.pg0, port_ip_pkts, self.pg2)
 
         #
         # change the flow hash config back to defaults
         #
-        self.vapi.set_ip_flow_hash(vrf_id=0, src=1, dst=1, sport=1, dport=1,
-                                   proto=1, is_ipv6=1)
+        self.vapi.set_ip_flow_hash(
+            vrf_id=0, src=1, dst=1, sport=1, dport=1, proto=1, is_ipv6=1
+        )
 
         #
         # Recursive prefixes
@@ -2122,44 +2255,52 @@ class TestIP6LoadBalance(VppTestCase):
         src_pkts = []
 
         for ii in range(257):
-            port_pkts.append((Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                    dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                              IPv6(dst="4000::1",
-                                   src="4000:1::1") /
-                              inet6.UDP(sport=1234,
-                                        dport=1234 + ii) /
-                              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)))
-            src_pkts.append((Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                   dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                             IPv6(dst="4000::1",
-                                  src="4000:1::%d" % ii) /
-                             inet6.UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)))
+            port_pkts.append(
+                (
+                    Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                    / IPv6(dst="4000::1", src="4000:1::1")
+                    / inet6.UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234 + ii)
+                    / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+                )
+            )
+            src_pkts.append(
+                (
+                    Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                    / IPv6(dst="4000::1", src="4000:1::%d" % ii)
+                    / inet6.UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                    / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+                )
+            )
 
-        route_3000_2 = VppIpRoute(self, "3000::2", 128,
-                                  [VppRoutePath(self.pg3.remote_ip6,
-                                                self.pg3.sw_if_index),
-                                   VppRoutePath(self.pg4.remote_ip6,
-                                                self.pg4.sw_if_index)])
+        route_3000_2 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "3000::2",
+            128,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(self.pg3.remote_ip6, self.pg3.sw_if_index),
+                VppRoutePath(self.pg4.remote_ip6, self.pg4.sw_if_index),
+            ],
+        )
         route_3000_2.add_vpp_config()
 
-        route_4000_1 = VppIpRoute(self, "4000::1", 128,
-                                  [VppRoutePath("3000::1",
-                                                0xffffffff),
-                                   VppRoutePath("3000::2",
-                                                0xffffffff)])
+        route_4000_1 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "4000::1",
+            128,
+            [VppRoutePath("3000::1", 0xFFFFFFFF), VppRoutePath("3000::2", 0xFFFFFFFF)],
+        )
         route_4000_1.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # inject the packet on pg0 - expect load-balancing across all 4 paths
         #
         self.vapi.cli("clear trace")
-        self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(self.pg0, port_pkts,
-                                            [self.pg1, self.pg2,
-                                             self.pg3, self.pg4])
-        self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(self.pg0, src_pkts,
-                                            [self.pg1, self.pg2,
-                                             self.pg3, self.pg4])
+        self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(
+            self.pg0, port_pkts, [self.pg1, self.pg2, self.pg3, self.pg4]
+        )
+        self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(
+            self.pg0, src_pkts, [self.pg1, self.pg2, self.pg3, self.pg4]
+        )
 
         #
         # Recursive prefixes
@@ -2168,22 +2309,26 @@ class TestIP6LoadBalance(VppTestCase):
         port_pkts = []
 
         for ii in range(257):
-            port_pkts.append((Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                    dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                              IPv6(dst="6000::1",
-                                   src="6000:1::1") /
-                              inet6.UDP(sport=1234,
-                                        dport=1234 + ii) /
-                              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)))
+            port_pkts.append(
+                (
+                    Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                    / IPv6(dst="6000::1", src="6000:1::1")
+                    / inet6.UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234 + ii)
+                    / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+                )
+            )
 
-        route_5000_2 = VppIpRoute(self, "5000::2", 128,
-                                  [VppRoutePath(self.pg3.remote_ip6,
-                                                self.pg3.sw_if_index)])
+        route_5000_2 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "5000::2",
+            128,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg3.remote_ip6, self.pg3.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         route_5000_2.add_vpp_config()
 
-        route_6000_1 = VppIpRoute(self, "6000::1", 128,
-                                  [VppRoutePath("5000::2",
-                                                0xffffffff)])
+        route_6000_1 = VppIpRoute(
+            self, "6000::1", 128, [VppRoutePath("5000::2", 0xFFFFFFFF)]
+        )
         route_6000_1.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -2194,7 +2339,7 @@ class TestIP6LoadBalance(VppTestCase):
 
 
 class IP6PuntSetup(object):
-    """ Setup for IPv6 Punt Police/Redirect """
+    """Setup for IPv6 Punt Police/Redirect"""
 
     def punt_setup(self):
         self.create_pg_interfaces(range(4))
@@ -2204,12 +2349,12 @@ class IP6PuntSetup(object):
             i.config_ip6()
             i.resolve_ndp()
 
-        self.pkt = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                          dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                    IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                         dst=self.pg0.local_ip6) /
-                    inet6.TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                    Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        self.pkt = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6)
+            / inet6.TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
     def punt_teardown(self):
         for i in self.pg_interfaces:
@@ -2218,7 +2363,7 @@ class IP6PuntSetup(object):
 
 
 class TestIP6Punt(IP6PuntSetup, VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv6 Punt Police/Redirect """
+    """IPv6 Punt Police/Redirect"""
 
     def setUp(self):
         super(TestIP6Punt, self).setUp()
@@ -2229,7 +2374,7 @@ class TestIP6Punt(IP6PuntSetup, VppTestCase):
         super(TestIP6Punt, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_ip_punt(self):
-        """ IP6 punt police and redirect """
+        """IP6 punt police and redirect"""
 
         pkts = self.pkt * 1025
 
@@ -2237,8 +2382,9 @@ class TestIP6Punt(IP6PuntSetup, VppTestCase):
         # Configure a punt redirect via pg1.
         #
         nh_addr = self.pg1.remote_ip6
-        ip_punt_redirect = VppIpPuntRedirect(self, self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                             self.pg1.sw_if_index, nh_addr)
+        ip_punt_redirect = VppIpPuntRedirect(
+            self, self.pg0.sw_if_index, self.pg1.sw_if_index, nh_addr
+        )
         ip_punt_redirect.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, pkts, self.pg1)
@@ -2248,8 +2394,7 @@ class TestIP6Punt(IP6PuntSetup, VppTestCase):
         #
         policer = VppPolicer(self, "ip6-punt", 400, 0, 10, 0, rate_type=1)
         policer.add_vpp_config()
-        ip_punt_policer = VppIpPuntPolicer(self, policer.policer_index,
-                                           is_ip6=True)
+        ip_punt_policer = VppIpPuntPolicer(self, policer.policer_index, is_ip6=True)
         ip_punt_policer.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.vapi.cli("clear trace")
@@ -2265,9 +2410,9 @@ class TestIP6Punt(IP6PuntSetup, VppTestCase):
         stats = policer.get_stats()
 
         # Single rate policer - expect conform, violate but no exceed
-        self.assertGreater(stats['conform_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertEqual(stats['exceed_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertGreater(stats['violate_packets'], 0)
+        self.assertGreater(stats["conform_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertEqual(stats["exceed_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertGreater(stats["violate_packets"], 0)
 
         self.assertGreater(len(rx), 0)
         self.assertLess(len(rx), len(pkts))
@@ -2283,31 +2428,34 @@ class TestIP6Punt(IP6PuntSetup, VppTestCase):
         # remove the redirect. expect full drop.
         #
         ip_punt_redirect.remove_vpp_config()
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, pkts,
-                                        "IP no punt config")
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, pkts, "IP no punt config")
 
         #
         # Add a redirect that is not input port selective
         #
-        ip_punt_redirect = VppIpPuntRedirect(self, 0xffffffff,
-                                             self.pg1.sw_if_index, nh_addr)
+        ip_punt_redirect = VppIpPuntRedirect(
+            self, 0xFFFFFFFF, self.pg1.sw_if_index, nh_addr
+        )
         ip_punt_redirect.add_vpp_config()
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, pkts, self.pg1)
         ip_punt_redirect.remove_vpp_config()
 
     def test_ip_punt_dump(self):
-        """ IP6 punt redirect dump"""
+        """IP6 punt redirect dump"""
 
         #
         # Configure a punt redirects
         #
         nh_address = self.pg3.remote_ip6
-        ipr_03 = VppIpPuntRedirect(self, self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                   self.pg3.sw_if_index, nh_address)
-        ipr_13 = VppIpPuntRedirect(self, self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                   self.pg3.sw_if_index, nh_address)
-        ipr_23 = VppIpPuntRedirect(self, self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                                   self.pg3.sw_if_index, '0::0')
+        ipr_03 = VppIpPuntRedirect(
+            self, self.pg0.sw_if_index, self.pg3.sw_if_index, nh_address
+        )
+        ipr_13 = VppIpPuntRedirect(
+            self, self.pg1.sw_if_index, self.pg3.sw_if_index, nh_address
+        )
+        ipr_23 = VppIpPuntRedirect(
+            self, self.pg2.sw_if_index, self.pg3.sw_if_index, "0::0"
+        )
         ipr_03.add_vpp_config()
         ipr_13.add_vpp_config()
         ipr_23.add_vpp_config()
@@ -2322,16 +2470,17 @@ class TestIP6Punt(IP6PuntSetup, VppTestCase):
         #
         # Dump punt redirects for all interfaces
         #
-        punts = self.vapi.ip_punt_redirect_dump(0xffffffff, is_ipv6=1)
+        punts = self.vapi.ip_punt_redirect_dump(0xFFFFFFFF, is_ipv6=1)
         self.assertEqual(len(punts), 3)
         for p in punts:
             self.assertEqual(p.punt.tx_sw_if_index, self.pg3.sw_if_index)
         self.assertNotEqual(punts[1].punt.nh, self.pg3.remote_ip6)
-        self.assertEqual(str(punts[2].punt.nh), '::')
+        self.assertEqual(str(punts[2].punt.nh), "::")
 
 
 class TestIP6PuntHandoff(IP6PuntSetup, VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv6 Punt Police/Redirect """
+    """IPv6 Punt Police/Redirect"""
+
     vpp_worker_count = 2
 
     def setUp(self):
@@ -2343,29 +2492,42 @@ class TestIP6PuntHandoff(IP6PuntSetup, VppTestCase):
         super(TestIP6PuntHandoff, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_ip_punt(self):
-        """ IP6 punt policer thread handoff """
+        """IP6 punt policer thread handoff"""
         pkts = self.pkt * NUM_PKTS
 
         #
         # Configure a punt redirect via pg1.
         #
         nh_addr = self.pg1.remote_ip6
-        ip_punt_redirect = VppIpPuntRedirect(self, self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                             self.pg1.sw_if_index, nh_addr)
+        ip_punt_redirect = VppIpPuntRedirect(
+            self, self.pg0.sw_if_index, self.pg1.sw_if_index, nh_addr
+        )
         ip_punt_redirect.add_vpp_config()
 
         action_tx = PolicerAction(
-            VppEnum.vl_api_sse2_qos_action_type_t.SSE2_QOS_ACTION_API_TRANSMIT,
-            0)
+            VppEnum.vl_api_sse2_qos_action_type_t.SSE2_QOS_ACTION_API_TRANSMIT, 0
+        )
         #
         # This policer drops no packets, we are just
         # testing that they get to the right thread.
         #
-        policer = VppPolicer(self, "ip6-punt", 400, 0, 10, 0, 1,
-                             0, 0, False, action_tx, action_tx, action_tx)
+        policer = VppPolicer(
+            self,
+            "ip6-punt",
+            400,
+            0,
+            10,
+            0,
+            1,
+            0,
+            0,
+            False,
+            action_tx,
+            action_tx,
+            action_tx,
+        )
         policer.add_vpp_config()
-        ip_punt_policer = VppIpPuntPolicer(self, policer.policer_index,
-                                           is_ip6=True)
+        ip_punt_policer = VppIpPuntPolicer(self, policer.policer_index, is_ip6=True)
         ip_punt_policer.add_vpp_config()
 
         for worker in [0, 1]:
@@ -2377,9 +2539,9 @@ class TestIP6PuntHandoff(IP6PuntSetup, VppTestCase):
         stats = policer.get_stats()
 
         # Single rate policer - expect conform, violate but no exceed
-        self.assertGreater(stats['conform_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertEqual(stats['exceed_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertGreater(stats['violate_packets'], 0)
+        self.assertGreater(stats["conform_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertEqual(stats["exceed_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertGreater(stats["violate_packets"], 0)
 
         # Worker 0, should have done all the policing
         stats0 = policer.get_stats(worker=0)
@@ -2387,9 +2549,9 @@ class TestIP6PuntHandoff(IP6PuntSetup, VppTestCase):
 
         # Worker 1, should have handed everything off
         stats1 = policer.get_stats(worker=1)
-        self.assertEqual(stats1['conform_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertEqual(stats1['exceed_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertEqual(stats1['violate_packets'], 0)
+        self.assertEqual(stats1["conform_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertEqual(stats1["exceed_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertEqual(stats1["violate_packets"], 0)
 
         # Bind the policer to worker 1 and repeat
         policer.bind_vpp_config(1, True)
@@ -2402,19 +2564,23 @@ class TestIP6PuntHandoff(IP6PuntSetup, VppTestCase):
         stats0 = policer.get_stats(worker=0)
         stats1 = policer.get_stats(worker=1)
 
-        self.assertGreater(stats0['conform_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertEqual(stats0['exceed_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertGreater(stats0['violate_packets'], 0)
+        self.assertGreater(stats0["conform_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertEqual(stats0["exceed_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertGreater(stats0["violate_packets"], 0)
 
-        self.assertGreater(stats1['conform_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertEqual(stats1['exceed_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertGreater(stats1['violate_packets'], 0)
+        self.assertGreater(stats1["conform_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertEqual(stats1["exceed_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertGreater(stats1["violate_packets"], 0)
 
-        self.assertEqual(stats0['conform_packets'] + stats1['conform_packets'],
-                         stats['conform_packets'])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            stats0["conform_packets"] + stats1["conform_packets"],
+            stats["conform_packets"],
+        )
 
-        self.assertEqual(stats0['violate_packets'] + stats1['violate_packets'],
-                         stats['violate_packets'])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            stats0["violate_packets"] + stats1["violate_packets"],
+            stats["violate_packets"],
+        )
 
         # Unbind the policer and repeat
         policer.bind_vpp_config(1, False)
@@ -2427,11 +2593,9 @@ class TestIP6PuntHandoff(IP6PuntSetup, VppTestCase):
         stats0new = policer.get_stats(worker=0)
         stats1new = policer.get_stats(worker=1)
 
-        self.assertGreater(stats0new['conform_packets'],
-                           stats0['conform_packets'])
-        self.assertEqual(stats0new['exceed_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertGreater(stats0new['violate_packets'],
-                           stats0['violate_packets'])
+        self.assertGreater(stats0new["conform_packets"], stats0["conform_packets"])
+        self.assertEqual(stats0new["exceed_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertGreater(stats0new["violate_packets"], stats0["violate_packets"])
 
         self.assertEqual(stats1, stats1new)
 
@@ -2444,7 +2608,7 @@ class TestIP6PuntHandoff(IP6PuntSetup, VppTestCase):
 
 
 class TestIP6Deag(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv6 Deaggregate Routes """
+    """IPv6 Deaggregate Routes"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -2471,7 +2635,7 @@ class TestIP6Deag(VppTestCase):
             i.admin_down()
 
     def test_ip_deag(self):
-        """ IP Deag Routes """
+        """IP Deag Routes"""
 
         #
         # Create a table to be used for:
@@ -2487,16 +2651,22 @@ class TestIP6Deag(VppTestCase):
         # Add a route in the default table to point to a deag/
         # second lookup in each of these tables
         #
-        route_to_dst = VppIpRoute(self, "1::1", 128,
-                                  [VppRoutePath("::",
-                                                0xffffffff,
-                                                nh_table_id=1)])
+        route_to_dst = VppIpRoute(
+            self, "1::1", 128, [VppRoutePath("::", 0xFFFFFFFF, nh_table_id=1)]
+        )
         route_to_src = VppIpRoute(
-            self, "1::2", 128,
-            [VppRoutePath("::",
-                          0xffffffff,
-                          nh_table_id=2,
-                          type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_SOURCE_LOOKUP)])
+            self,
+            "1::2",
+            128,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "::",
+                    0xFFFFFFFF,
+                    nh_table_id=2,
+                    type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_SOURCE_LOOKUP,
+                )
+            ],
+        )
 
         route_to_dst.add_vpp_config()
         route_to_src.add_vpp_config()
@@ -2505,31 +2675,34 @@ class TestIP6Deag(VppTestCase):
         # packets to these destination are dropped, since they'll
         # hit the respective default routes in the second table
         #
-        p_dst = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                 IPv6(src="5::5", dst="1::1") /
-                 inet6.TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-        p_src = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                 IPv6(src="2::2", dst="1::2") /
-                 inet6.TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p_dst = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src="5::5", dst="1::1")
+            / inet6.TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
+        p_src = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src="2::2", dst="1::2")
+            / inet6.TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
         pkts_dst = p_dst * 257
         pkts_src = p_src * 257
 
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, pkts_dst,
-                                        "IP in dst table")
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, pkts_src,
-                                        "IP in src table")
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, pkts_dst, "IP in dst table")
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, pkts_src, "IP in src table")
 
         #
         # add a route in the dst table to forward via pg1
         #
-        route_in_dst = VppIpRoute(self, "1::1", 128,
-                                  [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                                                self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
-                                  table_id=1)
+        route_in_dst = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "1::1",
+            128,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6, self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+            table_id=1,
+        )
         route_in_dst.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, pkts_dst, self.pg1)
@@ -2537,33 +2710,34 @@ class TestIP6Deag(VppTestCase):
         #
         # add a route in the src table to forward via pg2
         #
-        route_in_src = VppIpRoute(self, "2::2", 128,
-                                  [VppRoutePath(self.pg2.remote_ip6,
-                                                self.pg2.sw_if_index)],
-                                  table_id=2)
+        route_in_src = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "2::2",
+            128,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg2.remote_ip6, self.pg2.sw_if_index)],
+            table_id=2,
+        )
         route_in_src.add_vpp_config()
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, pkts_src, self.pg2)
 
         #
         # loop in the lookup DP
         #
-        route_loop = VppIpRoute(self, "3::3", 128,
-                                [VppRoutePath("::",
-                                              0xffffffff)])
+        route_loop = VppIpRoute(self, "3::3", 128, [VppRoutePath("::", 0xFFFFFFFF)])
         route_loop.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p_l = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                     dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-               IPv6(src="3::4", dst="3::3") /
-               inet6.TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-               Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p_l = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src="3::4", dst="3::3")
+            / inet6.TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p_l * 257,
-                                        "IP lookup loop")
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p_l * 257, "IP lookup loop")
 
 
 class TestIP6Input(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv6 Input Exception Test Cases """
+    """IPv6 Input Exception Test Cases"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -2590,72 +2764,110 @@ class TestIP6Input(VppTestCase):
             i.admin_down()
 
     def test_ip_input_icmp_reply(self):
-        """ IP6 Input Exception - Return ICMP (3,0) """
+        """IP6 Input Exception - Return ICMP (3,0)"""
         #
         # hop limit - ICMP replies
         #
-        p_version = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                           dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                     IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                          dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                          hlim=1) /
-                     inet6.UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                     Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p_version = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6, hlim=1)
+            / inet6.UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
-        rxs = self.send_and_expect_some(self.pg0,
-                                        p_version * NUM_PKTS,
-                                        self.pg0)
+        rxs = self.send_and_expect_some(self.pg0, p_version * NUM_PKTS, self.pg0)
 
         for rx in rxs:
             icmp = rx[ICMPv6TimeExceeded]
             # 0: "hop limit exceeded in transit",
             self.assertEqual((icmp.type, icmp.code), (3, 0))
 
-    icmpv6_data = '\x0a' * 18
+    icmpv6_data = "\x0a" * 18
     all_0s = "::"
     all_1s = "FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF"
 
-    @parameterized.expand([
-        # Name, src, dst, l4proto, msg, timeout
-        ("src='iface',   dst='iface'", None, None,
-         inet6.UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234), "funky version", None),
-        ("src='All 0's', dst='iface'", all_0s, None,
-         ICMPv6EchoRequest(id=0xb, seq=5, data=icmpv6_data), None, 0.1),
-        ("src='iface',   dst='All 0's'", None, all_0s,
-         ICMPv6EchoRequest(id=0xb, seq=5, data=icmpv6_data), None, 0.1),
-        ("src='All 1's', dst='iface'", all_1s, None,
-         ICMPv6EchoRequest(id=0xb, seq=5, data=icmpv6_data), None, 0.1),
-        ("src='iface',   dst='All 1's'", None, all_1s,
-         ICMPv6EchoRequest(id=0xb, seq=5, data=icmpv6_data), None, 0.1),
-        ("src='All 1's', dst='All 1's'", all_1s, all_1s,
-         ICMPv6EchoRequest(id=0xb, seq=5, data=icmpv6_data), None, 0.1),
-
-    ])
+    @parameterized.expand(
+        [
+            # Name, src, dst, l4proto, msg, timeout
+            (
+                "src='iface',   dst='iface'",
+                None,
+                None,
+                inet6.UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234),
+                "funky version",
+                None,
+            ),
+            (
+                "src='All 0's', dst='iface'",
+                all_0s,
+                None,
+                ICMPv6EchoRequest(id=0xB, seq=5, data=icmpv6_data),
+                None,
+                0.1,
+            ),
+            (
+                "src='iface',   dst='All 0's'",
+                None,
+                all_0s,
+                ICMPv6EchoRequest(id=0xB, seq=5, data=icmpv6_data),
+                None,
+                0.1,
+            ),
+            (
+                "src='All 1's', dst='iface'",
+                all_1s,
+                None,
+                ICMPv6EchoRequest(id=0xB, seq=5, data=icmpv6_data),
+                None,
+                0.1,
+            ),
+            (
+                "src='iface',   dst='All 1's'",
+                None,
+                all_1s,
+                ICMPv6EchoRequest(id=0xB, seq=5, data=icmpv6_data),
+                None,
+                0.1,
+            ),
+            (
+                "src='All 1's', dst='All 1's'",
+                all_1s,
+                all_1s,
+                ICMPv6EchoRequest(id=0xB, seq=5, data=icmpv6_data),
+                None,
+                0.1,
+            ),
+        ]
+    )
     def test_ip_input_no_replies(self, name, src, dst, l4, msg, timeout):
 
-        self._testMethodDoc = 'IPv6 Input Exception - %s' % name
+        self._testMethodDoc = "IPv6 Input Exception - %s" % name
 
-        p_version = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                           dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                     IPv6(src=src or self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                          dst=dst or self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                          version=3) /
-                     l4 /
-                     Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p_version = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(
+                src=src or self.pg0.remote_ip6,
+                dst=dst or self.pg1.remote_ip6,
+                version=3,
+            )
+            / l4
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p_version * NUM_PKTS,
-                                        remark=msg or "",
-                                        timeout=timeout)
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
+            self.pg0, p_version * NUM_PKTS, remark=msg or "", timeout=timeout
+        )
 
     def test_hop_by_hop(self):
-        """ Hop-by-hop header test """
+        """Hop-by-hop header test"""
 
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                   dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6) /
-             IPv6ExtHdrHopByHop() /
-             inet6.UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6)
+            / IPv6ExtHdrHopByHop()
+            / inet6.UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -2663,7 +2875,7 @@ class TestIP6Input(VppTestCase):
 
 
 class TestIP6Replace(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv6 Table Replace """
+    """IPv6 Table Replace"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -2685,8 +2897,7 @@ class TestIP6Replace(VppTestCase):
             i.admin_up()
             i.config_ip6()
             i.generate_remote_hosts(2)
-            self.tables.append(VppIpTable(self, table_id,
-                                          True).add_vpp_config())
+            self.tables.append(VppIpTable(self, table_id, True).add_vpp_config())
             table_id += 1
 
     def tearDown(self):
@@ -2696,7 +2907,7 @@ class TestIP6Replace(VppTestCase):
             i.unconfig_ip6()
 
     def test_replace(self):
-        """ IP Table Replace """
+        """IP Table Replace"""
 
         MRouteItfFlags = VppEnum.vl_api_mfib_itf_flags_t
         MRouteEntryFlags = VppEnum.vl_api_mfib_entry_flags_t
@@ -2713,31 +2924,50 @@ class TestIP6Replace(VppTestCase):
         for ii, t in enumerate(self.tables):
             for jj in range(1, N_ROUTES):
                 uni = VppIpRoute(
-                    self, "2001::%d" % jj if jj != 0 else "2001::", 128,
-                    [VppRoutePath(links[ii].remote_hosts[0].ip6,
-                                  links[ii].sw_if_index),
-                     VppRoutePath(links[ii].remote_hosts[1].ip6,
-                                  links[ii].sw_if_index)],
-                    table_id=t.table_id).add_vpp_config()
+                    self,
+                    "2001::%d" % jj if jj != 0 else "2001::",
+                    128,
+                    [
+                        VppRoutePath(
+                            links[ii].remote_hosts[0].ip6, links[ii].sw_if_index
+                        ),
+                        VppRoutePath(
+                            links[ii].remote_hosts[1].ip6, links[ii].sw_if_index
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                    table_id=t.table_id,
+                ).add_vpp_config()
                 multi = VppIpMRoute(
-                    self, "::",
-                    "ff:2001::%d" % jj, 128,
+                    self,
+                    "::",
+                    "ff:2001::%d" % jj,
+                    128,
                     MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE,
-                    [VppMRoutePath(self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                   MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT,
-                                   proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6),
-                     VppMRoutePath(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                   MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
-                                   proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6),
-                     VppMRoutePath(self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                                   MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
-                                   proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6),
-                     VppMRoutePath(self.pg3.sw_if_index,
-                                   MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
-                                   proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6)],
-                    table_id=t.table_id).add_vpp_config()
-                routes[ii].append({'uni': uni,
-                                   'multi': multi})
+                    [
+                        VppMRoutePath(
+                            self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+                            MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT,
+                            proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6,
+                        ),
+                        VppMRoutePath(
+                            self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+                            MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
+                            proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6,
+                        ),
+                        VppMRoutePath(
+                            self.pg2.sw_if_index,
+                            MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
+                            proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6,
+                        ),
+                        VppMRoutePath(
+                            self.pg3.sw_if_index,
+                            MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
+                            proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6,
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                    table_id=t.table_id,
+                ).add_vpp_config()
+                routes[ii].append({"uni": uni, "multi": multi})
 
         #
         # replace the tables a few times
@@ -2752,14 +2982,14 @@ class TestIP6Replace(VppTestCase):
                 dump = t.dump()
                 mdump = t.mdump()
                 for r in routes[ii]:
-                    self.assertTrue(find_route_in_dump(dump, r['uni'], t))
-                    self.assertTrue(find_mroute_in_dump(mdump, r['multi'], t))
+                    self.assertTrue(find_route_in_dump(dump, r["uni"], t))
+                    self.assertTrue(find_mroute_in_dump(mdump, r["multi"], t))
 
             # redownload the even numbered routes
             for ii, t in enumerate(self.tables):
                 for jj in range(0, N_ROUTES, 2):
-                    routes[ii][jj]['uni'].add_vpp_config()
-                    routes[ii][jj]['multi'].add_vpp_config()
+                    routes[ii][jj]["uni"].add_vpp_config()
+                    routes[ii][jj]["multi"].add_vpp_config()
 
             # signal each table converged
             for t in self.tables:
@@ -2770,29 +3000,29 @@ class TestIP6Replace(VppTestCase):
                 dump = t.dump()
                 mdump = t.mdump()
                 for jj in range(0, N_ROUTES, 2):
-                    self.assertTrue(find_route_in_dump(
-                        dump, routes[ii][jj]['uni'], t))
-                    self.assertTrue(find_mroute_in_dump(
-                        mdump, routes[ii][jj]['multi'], t))
+                    self.assertTrue(find_route_in_dump(dump, routes[ii][jj]["uni"], t))
+                    self.assertTrue(
+                        find_mroute_in_dump(mdump, routes[ii][jj]["multi"], t)
+                    )
                 for jj in range(1, N_ROUTES - 1, 2):
-                    self.assertFalse(find_route_in_dump(
-                        dump, routes[ii][jj]['uni'], t))
-                    self.assertFalse(find_mroute_in_dump(
-                        mdump, routes[ii][jj]['multi'], t))
+                    self.assertFalse(find_route_in_dump(dump, routes[ii][jj]["uni"], t))
+                    self.assertFalse(
+                        find_mroute_in_dump(mdump, routes[ii][jj]["multi"], t)
+                    )
 
             # reload all the routes
             for ii, t in enumerate(self.tables):
                 for r in routes[ii]:
-                    r['uni'].add_vpp_config()
-                    r['multi'].add_vpp_config()
+                    r["uni"].add_vpp_config()
+                    r["multi"].add_vpp_config()
 
             # all the routes are still there
             for ii, t in enumerate(self.tables):
                 dump = t.dump()
                 mdump = t.mdump()
                 for r in routes[ii]:
-                    self.assertTrue(find_route_in_dump(dump, r['uni'], t))
-                    self.assertTrue(find_mroute_in_dump(mdump, r['multi'], t))
+                    self.assertTrue(find_route_in_dump(dump, r["uni"], t))
+                    self.assertTrue(find_mroute_in_dump(mdump, r["multi"], t))
 
         #
         # finally flush the tables for good measure
@@ -2804,7 +3034,7 @@ class TestIP6Replace(VppTestCase):
 
 
 class TestIP6AddrReplace(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv6 Interface Address Replace """
+    """IPv6 Interface Address Replace"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -2831,7 +3061,7 @@ class TestIP6AddrReplace(VppTestCase):
         return len(self.vapi.ip_address_dump(intf.sw_if_index, True))
 
     def test_replace(self):
-        """ IP interface address replace """
+        """IP interface address replace"""
 
         intf_pfxs = [[], [], [], []]
 
@@ -2915,8 +3145,7 @@ class TestIP6AddrReplace(VppTestCase):
         for intf in self.pg_interfaces:
             # 2001:18:x::1/64
             addr = "2001:18:%d::1" % intf.sw_if_index
-            pfxs.append(VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, intf, addr,
-                                              64).add_vpp_config())
+            pfxs.append(VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, intf, addr, 64).add_vpp_config())
 
         self.vapi.sw_interface_address_replace_end()
 
@@ -2951,8 +3180,7 @@ class TestIP6AddrReplace(VppTestCase):
         for intf in self.pg_interfaces:
             # 2001:18:x::1/64
             addr = "2001:18:%d::1" % (intf.sw_if_index + 1)
-            pfxs.append(VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, intf,
-                                              addr, 64).add_vpp_config())
+            pfxs.append(VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, intf, addr, 64).add_vpp_config())
 
         self.vapi.sw_interface_address_replace_end()
 
@@ -2965,7 +3193,7 @@ class TestIP6AddrReplace(VppTestCase):
 
 
 class TestIP6LinkLocal(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv6 Link Local """
+    """IPv6 Link Local"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -2989,7 +3217,7 @@ class TestIP6LinkLocal(VppTestCase):
             i.admin_down()
 
     def test_ip6_ll(self):
-        """ IPv6 Link Local """
+        """IPv6 Link Local"""
 
         #
         # two APIs to add a link local address.
@@ -3004,35 +3232,33 @@ class TestIP6LinkLocal(VppTestCase):
         ll2 = "fe80:2::2"
         ll3 = "fe80:3::3"
 
-        VppNeighbor(self,
-                    self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                    self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                    ll2).add_vpp_config()
+        VppNeighbor(
+            self, self.pg0.sw_if_index, self.pg0.remote_mac, ll2
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, self.pg0, ll1, 128).add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # should be able to ping the ll
         #
-        p_echo_request_1 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                  dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                            IPv6(src=ll2,
-                                 dst=ll1) /
-                            ICMPv6EchoRequest())
+        p_echo_request_1 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=ll2, dst=ll1)
+            / ICMPv6EchoRequest()
+        )
 
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p_echo_request_1], self.pg0)
 
         #
         # change the link-local on pg0
         #
-        v_ll3 = VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, self.pg0,
-                                      ll3, 128).add_vpp_config()
+        v_ll3 = VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, self.pg0, ll3, 128).add_vpp_config()
 
-        p_echo_request_3 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                  dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                            IPv6(src=ll2,
-                                 dst=ll3) /
-                            ICMPv6EchoRequest())
+        p_echo_request_3 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=ll2, dst=ll3)
+            / ICMPv6EchoRequest()
+        )
 
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p_echo_request_3], self.pg0)
 
@@ -3057,13 +3283,13 @@ class TestIP6LinkLocal(VppTestCase):
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, [p_echo_request_3], self.pg1)
 
     def test_ip6_ll_p2p(self):
-        """ IPv6 Link Local P2P (GRE)"""
+        """IPv6 Link Local P2P (GRE)"""
 
         self.pg0.config_ip4()
         self.pg0.resolve_arp()
-        gre_if = VppGreInterface(self,
-                                 self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                 self.pg0.remote_ip4).add_vpp_config()
+        gre_if = VppGreInterface(
+            self, self.pg0.local_ip4, self.pg0.remote_ip4
+        ).add_vpp_config()
         gre_if.admin_up()
 
         ll1 = "fe80:1::1"
@@ -3073,20 +3299,20 @@ class TestIP6LinkLocal(VppTestCase):
 
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh ip6-ll gre0 fe80:2::2"))
 
-        p_echo_request_1 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                  dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                            IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                               dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-                            GRE() /
-                            IPv6(src=ll2, dst=ll1) /
-                            ICMPv6EchoRequest())
+        p_echo_request_1 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+            / GRE()
+            / IPv6(src=ll2, dst=ll1)
+            / ICMPv6EchoRequest()
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p_echo_request_1], self.pg0)
 
         self.pg0.unconfig_ip4()
         gre_if.remove_vpp_config()
 
     def test_ip6_ll_p2mp(self):
-        """ IPv6 Link Local P2MP (GRE)"""
+        """IPv6 Link Local P2MP (GRE)"""
 
         self.pg0.config_ip4()
         self.pg0.resolve_arp()
@@ -3095,8 +3321,8 @@ class TestIP6LinkLocal(VppTestCase):
             self,
             self.pg0.local_ip4,
             "0.0.0.0",
-            mode=(VppEnum.vl_api_tunnel_mode_t.
-                  TUNNEL_API_MODE_MP)).add_vpp_config()
+            mode=(VppEnum.vl_api_tunnel_mode_t.TUNNEL_API_MODE_MP),
+        ).add_vpp_config()
         gre_if.admin_up()
 
         ll1 = "fe80:1::1"
@@ -3104,13 +3330,13 @@ class TestIP6LinkLocal(VppTestCase):
 
         VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, gre_if, ll1, 128).add_vpp_config()
 
-        p_echo_request_1 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                  dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                            IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                               dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-                            GRE() /
-                            IPv6(src=ll2, dst=ll1) /
-                            ICMPv6EchoRequest())
+        p_echo_request_1 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+            / GRE()
+            / IPv6(src=ll2, dst=ll1)
+            / ICMPv6EchoRequest()
+        )
 
         # no route back at this point
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, [p_echo_request_1])
@@ -3127,7 +3353,7 @@ class TestIP6LinkLocal(VppTestCase):
 
 
 class TestIPv6PathMTU(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv6 Path MTU """
+    """IPv6 Path MTU"""
 
     def setUp(self):
         super(TestIPv6PathMTU, self).setUp()
@@ -3147,7 +3373,7 @@ class TestIPv6PathMTU(VppTestCase):
             i.admin_down()
 
     def test_path_mtu_local(self):
-        """ Path MTU for attached neighbour """
+        """Path MTU for attached neighbour"""
 
         self.vapi.cli("set log class ip level debug")
         #
@@ -3161,41 +3387,37 @@ class TestIPv6PathMTU(VppTestCase):
         # packets post encap
         #
         tun = VppIpIpTunInterface(
-            self,
-            self.pg1,
-            self.pg1.local_ip6,
-            self.pg1.remote_ip6)
+            self, self.pg1, self.pg1.local_ip6, self.pg1.remote_ip6
+        )
         tun.add_vpp_config()
         tun.admin_up()
         tun.config_ip6()
 
         # set the interface MTU to a reasonable value
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                       [2800, 0, 0, 0])
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(self.pg1.sw_if_index, [2800, 0, 0, 0])
 
-        p_6k = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                      src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                     dst=tun.remote_ip6) /
-                UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678) /
-                Raw(b'0xa' * 2000))
-        p_2k = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                      src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                     dst=tun.remote_ip6) /
-                UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678) /
-                Raw(b'0xa' * 1000))
-        p_1k = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                      src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                     dst=tun.remote_ip6) /
-                UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678) /
-                Raw(b'0xa' * 600))
+        p_6k = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=tun.remote_ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678)
+            / Raw(b"0xa" * 2000)
+        )
+        p_2k = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=tun.remote_ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678)
+            / Raw(b"0xa" * 1000)
+        )
+        p_1k = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=tun.remote_ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678)
+            / Raw(b"0xa" * 600)
+        )
 
-        nbr = VppNeighbor(self,
-                          self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                          self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                          self.pg1.remote_ip6).add_vpp_config()
+        nbr = VppNeighbor(
+            self, self.pg1.sw_if_index, self.pg1.remote_mac, self.pg1.remote_ip6
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         # this is now the interface MTU frags
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p_6k], self.pg1, n_rx=4)
@@ -3228,28 +3450,25 @@ class TestIPv6PathMTU(VppTestCase):
 
         # raise the interface's MTU
         # should still use that of the path
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                       [2000, 0, 0, 0])
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(self.pg1.sw_if_index, [2000, 0, 0, 0])
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p_2k], self.pg1, n_rx=3)
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p_1k], self.pg1, n_rx=2)
 
         # set path high and interface low
         pmtu.modify(2000)
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                       [1300, 0, 0, 0])
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(self.pg1.sw_if_index, [1300, 0, 0, 0])
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p_2k], self.pg1, n_rx=3)
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p_1k], self.pg1, n_rx=2)
 
         # remove the path MTU
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                       [2800, 0, 0, 0])
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(self.pg1.sw_if_index, [2800, 0, 0, 0])
         pmtu.modify(0)
 
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p_2k], self.pg1, n_rx=2)
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p_1k], self.pg1)
 
     def test_path_mtu_remote(self):
-        """ Path MTU for remote neighbour """
+        """Path MTU for remote neighbour"""
 
         self.vapi.cli("set log class ip level debug")
         #
@@ -3260,44 +3479,37 @@ class TestIPv6PathMTU(VppTestCase):
         tun_dst = "2001::1"
 
         route = VppIpRoute(
-            self, tun_dst, 64,
-            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                          self.pg1.sw_if_index)]).add_vpp_config()
+            self, tun_dst, 64, [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6, self.pg1.sw_if_index)]
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # IPv6 will only frag locally generated packets, so use tunnelled
         # packets post encap
         #
-        tun = VppIpIpTunInterface(
-            self,
-            self.pg1,
-            self.pg1.local_ip6,
-            tun_dst)
+        tun = VppIpIpTunInterface(self, self.pg1, self.pg1.local_ip6, tun_dst)
         tun.add_vpp_config()
         tun.admin_up()
         tun.config_ip6()
 
         # set the interface MTU to a reasonable value
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                       [2800, 0, 0, 0])
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(self.pg1.sw_if_index, [2800, 0, 0, 0])
 
-        p_2k = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                      src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                     dst=tun.remote_ip6) /
-                UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678) /
-                Raw(b'0xa' * 1000))
-        p_1k = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                      src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                     dst=tun.remote_ip6) /
-                UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678) /
-                Raw(b'0xa' * 600))
+        p_2k = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=tun.remote_ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678)
+            / Raw(b"0xa" * 1000)
+        )
+        p_1k = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=tun.remote_ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678)
+            / Raw(b"0xa" * 600)
+        )
 
-        nbr = VppNeighbor(self,
-                          self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                          self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                          self.pg1.remote_ip6).add_vpp_config()
+        nbr = VppNeighbor(
+            self, self.pg1.sw_if_index, self.pg1.remote_mac, self.pg1.remote_ip6
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         # this is now the interface MTU frags
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p_2k], self.pg1, n_rx=2)
@@ -3328,44 +3540,38 @@ class TestIPv6PathMTU(VppTestCase):
 
         # raise the interface's MTU
         # should still use that of the path
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                       [2000, 0, 0, 0])
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(self.pg1.sw_if_index, [2000, 0, 0, 0])
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p_2k], self.pg1, n_rx=3)
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p_1k], self.pg1, n_rx=2)
 
         # turn the tun_dst into an attached neighbour
-        route.modify([VppRoutePath("::",
-                                   self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
-        nbr2 = VppNeighbor(self,
-                           self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                           self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                           tun_dst).add_vpp_config()
+        route.modify([VppRoutePath("::", self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
+        nbr2 = VppNeighbor(
+            self, self.pg1.sw_if_index, self.pg1.remote_mac, tun_dst
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p_2k], self.pg1, n_rx=3)
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p_1k], self.pg1, n_rx=2)
 
         # add back to not attached
         nbr2.remove_vpp_config()
-        route.modify([VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                                   self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
+        route.modify([VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6, self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
 
         # set path high and interface low
         pmtu.modify(2000)
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                       [1300, 0, 0, 0])
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(self.pg1.sw_if_index, [1300, 0, 0, 0])
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p_2k], self.pg1, n_rx=3)
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p_1k], self.pg1, n_rx=2)
 
         # remove the path MTU
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                       [2800, 0, 0, 0])
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(self.pg1.sw_if_index, [2800, 0, 0, 0])
         pmtu.remove_vpp_config()
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p_2k], self.pg1, n_rx=2)
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p_1k], self.pg1)
 
 
 class TestIPFibSource(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv6 Table FibSource """
+    """IPv6 Table FibSource"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -3394,7 +3600,7 @@ class TestIPFibSource(VppTestCase):
             i.unconfig_ip4()
 
     def test_fib_source(self):
-        """ IP Table FibSource """
+        """IP Table FibSource"""
 
         routes = self.vapi.ip_route_v2_dump(0, True)
 
@@ -3404,15 +3610,15 @@ class TestIPFibSource(VppTestCase):
         # dump all the sources in the FIB
         sources = self.vapi.fib_source_dump()
         for source in sources:
-            if (source.src.name == "API"):
+            if source.src.name == "API":
                 api_source = source.src
-            if (source.src.name == "interface"):
+            if source.src.name == "interface":
                 intf_source = source.src
-            if (source.src.name == "adjacency"):
+            if source.src.name == "adjacency":
                 adj_source = source.src
-            if (source.src.name == "special"):
+            if source.src.name == "special":
                 special_source = source.src
-            if (source.src.name == "default-route"):
+            if source.src.name == "default-route":
                 dr_source = source.src
 
         # dump the individual route types
@@ -3426,37 +3632,43 @@ class TestIPFibSource(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(len(routes), 1)
 
         # add a new soure that'a better than the API
-        self.vapi.fib_source_add(src={'name': "bgp",
-                                      "priority": api_source.priority - 1})
+        self.vapi.fib_source_add(
+            src={"name": "bgp", "priority": api_source.priority - 1}
+        )
 
         # dump all the sources to check our new one is there
         sources = self.vapi.fib_source_dump()
 
         for source in sources:
-            if (source.src.name == "bgp"):
+            if source.src.name == "bgp":
                 bgp_source = source.src
 
         self.assertTrue(bgp_source)
-        self.assertEqual(bgp_source.priority,
-                         api_source.priority - 1)
+        self.assertEqual(bgp_source.priority, api_source.priority - 1)
 
         # add a route with the default API source
         r1 = VppIpRouteV2(
-            self, "2001::1", 128,
-            [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                          self.pg0.sw_if_index)]).add_vpp_config()
+            self,
+            "2001::1",
+            128,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip6, self.pg0.sw_if_index)],
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
-        r2 = VppIpRouteV2(self, "2001::1", 128,
-                          [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                                        self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
-                          src=bgp_source.id).add_vpp_config()
+        r2 = VppIpRouteV2(
+            self,
+            "2001::1",
+            128,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6, self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+            src=bgp_source.id,
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         # ensure the BGP source takes priority
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                   dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst="2001::1") /
-             inet6.UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst="2001::1")
+            / inet6.UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p], self.pg1)
 
@@ -3467,7 +3679,7 @@ class TestIPFibSource(VppTestCase):
 
 
 class TestIPxAF(VppTestCase):
-    """ IP cross AF """
+    """IP cross AF"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -3497,20 +3709,23 @@ class TestIPxAF(VppTestCase):
             i.unconfig_ip6()
 
     def test_x_af(self):
-        """ Cross AF routing """
+        """Cross AF routing"""
 
         N_PKTS = 63
         # a v4 route via a v6 attached next-hop
         VppIpRoute(
-            self, "1.1.1.1", 32,
-            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                          self.pg1.sw_if_index)]).add_vpp_config()
+            self,
+            "1.1.1.1",
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6, self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                   dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="1.1.1.1") /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="1.1.1.1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * N_PKTS, self.pg1)
 
         for rx in rxs:
@@ -3518,15 +3733,18 @@ class TestIPxAF(VppTestCase):
 
         # a v6 route via a v4 attached next-hop
         VppIpRoute(
-            self, "2001::1", 128,
-            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                          self.pg1.sw_if_index)]).add_vpp_config()
+            self,
+            "2001::1",
+            128,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4, self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                   dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst="2001::1") /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst="2001::1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * N_PKTS, self.pg1)
 
         for rx in rxs:
@@ -3534,56 +3752,56 @@ class TestIPxAF(VppTestCase):
 
         # a recursive v4 route via a v6 next-hop (from above)
         VppIpRoute(
-            self, "2.2.2.2", 32,
-            [VppRoutePath("2001::1",
-                          0xffffffff)]).add_vpp_config()
+            self, "2.2.2.2", 32, [VppRoutePath("2001::1", 0xFFFFFFFF)]
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                   dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="2.2.2.2") /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="2.2.2.2")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * N_PKTS, self.pg1)
 
         # a recursive v4 route via a v6 next-hop
         VppIpRoute(
-            self, "2.2.2.3", 32,
-            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                          0xffffffff)]).add_vpp_config()
+            self, "2.2.2.3", 32, [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6, 0xFFFFFFFF)]
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                   dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="2.2.2.3") /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="2.2.2.3")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * N_PKTS, self.pg1)
 
         # a recursive v6 route via a v4 next-hop
         VppIpRoute(
-            self, "3001::1", 128,
-            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                          0xffffffff)]).add_vpp_config()
+            self, "3001::1", 128, [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4, 0xFFFFFFFF)]
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                   dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst="3001::1") /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst="3001::1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * N_PKTS, self.pg1)
 
         for rx in rxs:
             self.assertEqual(rx[IPv6].dst, "3001::1")
 
         VppIpRoute(
-            self, "3001::2", 128,
-            [VppRoutePath("1.1.1.1",
-                          0xffffffff)]).add_vpp_config()
+            self, "3001::2", 128, [VppRoutePath("1.1.1.1", 0xFFFFFFFF)]
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                   dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst="3001::2") /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst="3001::2")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * N_PKTS, self.pg1)
 
         for rx in rxs:
@@ -3591,7 +3809,7 @@ class TestIPxAF(VppTestCase):
 
 
 class TestIPv6Punt(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv6 Punt Police/Redirect """
+    """IPv6 Punt Police/Redirect"""
 
     def setUp(self):
         super(TestIPv6Punt, self).setUp()
@@ -3609,7 +3827,7 @@ class TestIPv6Punt(VppTestCase):
             i.admin_down()
 
     def test_ip6_punt(self):
-        """ IPv6 punt police and redirect """
+        """IPv6 punt police and redirect"""
 
         # use UDP packet that have a port we need to explicitly
         # register to get punted.
@@ -3617,30 +3835,32 @@ class TestIPv6Punt(VppTestCase):
         af_ip6 = VppEnum.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP6
         udp_proto = VppEnum.vl_api_ip_proto_t.IP_API_PROTO_UDP
         punt_udp = {
-            'type': pt_l4,
-            'punt': {
-                'l4': {
-                    'af': af_ip6,
-                    'protocol': udp_proto,
-                    'port': 7654,
+            "type": pt_l4,
+            "punt": {
+                "l4": {
+                    "af": af_ip6,
+                    "protocol": udp_proto,
+                    "port": 7654,
                 }
-            }
+            },
         }
 
         self.vapi.set_punt(is_add=1, punt=punt_udp)
 
-        pkts = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                      dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6) /
-                UDP(sport=1234, dport=7654) /
-                Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)) * 1025
+        pkts = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=7654)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        ) * 1025
 
         #
         # Configure a punt redirect via pg1.
         #
         nh_addr = self.pg1.remote_ip6
-        ip_punt_redirect = VppIpPuntRedirect(self, self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                             self.pg1.sw_if_index, nh_addr)
+        ip_punt_redirect = VppIpPuntRedirect(
+            self, self.pg0.sw_if_index, self.pg1.sw_if_index, nh_addr
+        )
         ip_punt_redirect.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, pkts, self.pg1)
@@ -3650,8 +3870,7 @@ class TestIPv6Punt(VppTestCase):
         #
         policer = VppPolicer(self, "ip6-punt", 400, 0, 10, 0, rate_type=1)
         policer.add_vpp_config()
-        ip_punt_policer = VppIpPuntPolicer(self, policer.policer_index,
-                                           is_ip6=True)
+        ip_punt_policer = VppIpPuntPolicer(self, policer.policer_index, is_ip6=True)
         ip_punt_policer.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.vapi.cli("clear trace")
@@ -3668,9 +3887,9 @@ class TestIPv6Punt(VppTestCase):
         stats = policer.get_stats()
 
         # Single rate policer - expect conform, violate but no exceed
-        self.assertGreater(stats['conform_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertEqual(stats['exceed_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertGreater(stats['violate_packets'], 0)
+        self.assertGreater(stats["conform_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertEqual(stats["exceed_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertGreater(stats["violate_packets"], 0)
 
         self.assertGreater(len(rx), 0)
         self.assertLess(len(rx), len(pkts))
@@ -3686,31 +3905,34 @@ class TestIPv6Punt(VppTestCase):
         # remove the redirect. expect full drop.
         #
         ip_punt_redirect.remove_vpp_config()
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, pkts,
-                                        "IP no punt config")
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, pkts, "IP no punt config")
 
         #
         # Add a redirect that is not input port selective
         #
-        ip_punt_redirect = VppIpPuntRedirect(self, 0xffffffff,
-                                             self.pg1.sw_if_index, nh_addr)
+        ip_punt_redirect = VppIpPuntRedirect(
+            self, 0xFFFFFFFF, self.pg1.sw_if_index, nh_addr
+        )
         ip_punt_redirect.add_vpp_config()
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, pkts, self.pg1)
         ip_punt_redirect.remove_vpp_config()
 
     def test_ip6_punt_dump(self):
-        """ IPv6 punt redirect dump"""
+        """IPv6 punt redirect dump"""
 
         #
         # Configure a punt redirects
         #
         nh_address = self.pg3.remote_ip6
-        ipr_03 = VppIpPuntRedirect(self, self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                   self.pg3.sw_if_index, nh_address)
-        ipr_13 = VppIpPuntRedirect(self, self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                   self.pg3.sw_if_index, nh_address)
-        ipr_23 = VppIpPuntRedirect(self, self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                                   self.pg3.sw_if_index, "::")
+        ipr_03 = VppIpPuntRedirect(
+            self, self.pg0.sw_if_index, self.pg3.sw_if_index, nh_address
+        )
+        ipr_13 = VppIpPuntRedirect(
+            self, self.pg1.sw_if_index, self.pg3.sw_if_index, nh_address
+        )
+        ipr_23 = VppIpPuntRedirect(
+            self, self.pg2.sw_if_index, self.pg3.sw_if_index, "::"
+        )
         ipr_03.add_vpp_config()
         ipr_13.add_vpp_config()
         ipr_23.add_vpp_config()
@@ -3725,14 +3947,13 @@ class TestIPv6Punt(VppTestCase):
         #
         # Dump punt redirects for all interfaces
         #
-        punts = self.vapi.ip_punt_redirect_dump(sw_if_index=0xffffffff,
-                                                is_ipv6=True)
+        punts = self.vapi.ip_punt_redirect_dump(sw_if_index=0xFFFFFFFF, is_ipv6=True)
         self.assertEqual(len(punts), 3)
         for p in punts:
             self.assertEqual(p.punt.tx_sw_if_index, self.pg3.sw_if_index)
         self.assertNotEqual(punts[1].punt.nh, self.pg3.remote_ip6)
-        self.assertEqual(str(punts[2].punt.nh), '::')
+        self.assertEqual(str(punts[2].punt.nh), "::")
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_ip6_nd_mirror_proxy.py b/test/test_ip6_nd_mirror_proxy.py
index fa9880122fc..9214e32b447 100644
--- a/test/test_ip6_nd_mirror_proxy.py
+++ b/test/test_ip6_nd_mirror_proxy.py
@@ -7,8 +7,15 @@ from socket import AF_INET6, inet_pton, inet_ntop
 from framework import tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 from framework import VppTestCase, VppTestRunner
 from vpp_neighbor import VppNeighbor, find_nbr
-from vpp_ip_route import VppIpRoute, VppRoutePath, find_route, \
-    VppIpTable, DpoProto, FibPathType, VppIpInterfaceAddress
+from vpp_ip_route import (
+    VppIpRoute,
+    VppRoutePath,
+    find_route,
+    VppIpTable,
+    DpoProto,
+    FibPathType,
+    VppIpInterfaceAddress,
+)
 from vpp_papi import VppEnum
 from vpp_ip import VppIpPuntRedirect
 
@@ -16,14 +23,21 @@ import scapy.compat
 from scapy.packet import Raw
 from scapy.layers.l2 import Ether, ARP, Dot1Q
 from scapy.layers.inet import IP, UDP, TCP
-from scapy.layers.inet6 import IPv6, ipv6nh, ICMPv6ND_NS, ICMPv6ND_NA, \
-    ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr, ICMPv6NDOptDstLLAddr, ICMPv6EchoRequest, \
-    ICMPv6EchoReply
+from scapy.layers.inet6 import (
+    IPv6,
+    ipv6nh,
+    ICMPv6ND_NS,
+    ICMPv6ND_NA,
+    ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr,
+    ICMPv6NDOptDstLLAddr,
+    ICMPv6EchoRequest,
+    ICMPv6EchoReply,
+)
 from scapy.utils6 import in6_ptop, in6_getnsma, in6_getnsmac, in6_ismaddr
 
 
 class TestNDPROXY(VppTestCase):
-    """ IP6 ND (mirror) Proxy Test Case """
+    """IP6 ND (mirror) Proxy Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(self):
@@ -49,7 +63,7 @@ class TestNDPROXY(VppTestCase):
                 i.admin_down()
 
     def test_nd_mirror_proxy(self):
-        """ Interface (Mirror) Proxy ND """
+        """Interface (Mirror) Proxy ND"""
 
         #
         # When VPP has an interface whose address is also applied to a TAP
@@ -70,17 +84,19 @@ class TestNDPROXY(VppTestCase):
         #
         # Enable ND proxy on pg1
         #
-        self.vapi.ip6nd_proxy_enable_disable(sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                             is_enable=1)
+        self.vapi.ip6nd_proxy_enable_disable(
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_enable=1
+        )
         #
         # Send the ND request with an originating address that
         # is VPP's own address
         #
-        nd_req_from_host = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                                  dst=in6_getnsmac(nsma)) /
-                            IPv6(dst=d, src=self.pg0.local_ip6) /
-                            ICMPv6ND_NS(tgt=addr) /
-                            ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr(lladdr=self.pg1.remote_mac))
+        nd_req_from_host = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=in6_getnsmac(nsma))
+            / IPv6(dst=d, src=self.pg0.local_ip6)
+            / ICMPv6ND_NS(tgt=addr)
+            / ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr(lladdr=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+        )
 
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, [nd_req_from_host], self.pg1)
         self.assertEqual(rx[0][Ether].src, self.pg1.local_mac)
@@ -90,22 +106,19 @@ class TestNDPROXY(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(ipv6nh[rx[0][IPv6].nh], "ICMPv6")
         self.assertEqual(rx[0][ICMPv6ND_NA].tgt, self.pg0.remote_ip6)
         self.assertTrue(rx[0].haslayer(ICMPv6NDOptDstLLAddr))
-        self.assertEqual(rx[0][ICMPv6NDOptDstLLAddr].lladdr,
-                         self.pg1.local_mac)
+        self.assertEqual(rx[0][ICMPv6NDOptDstLLAddr].lladdr, self.pg1.local_mac)
 
         #
         # Send the unicast ND request
         #
-        unicast_nd_req_from_host = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                                          dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-                                    IPv6(dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                                         src=self.pg1.remote_ip6_ll) /
-                                    ICMPv6ND_NS(tgt=self.pg0.remote_ip6) /
-                                    ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr(
-                                         lladdr=self.pg1.remote_mac))
+        unicast_nd_req_from_host = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6, src=self.pg1.remote_ip6_ll)
+            / ICMPv6ND_NS(tgt=self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+            / ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr(lladdr=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+        )
 
-        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, [unicast_nd_req_from_host],
-                                  self.pg0)
+        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, [unicast_nd_req_from_host], self.pg0)
         self.assertEqual(rx[0][Ether].src, self.pg0.local_mac)
         self.assertEqual(rx[0][Ether].dst, in6_getnsmac(nsma))
         self.assertEqual(rx[0][IPv6].src, self.pg0.local_ip6)
@@ -113,8 +126,7 @@ class TestNDPROXY(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(ipv6nh[rx[0][IPv6].nh], "ICMPv6")
         self.assertEqual(rx[0][ICMPv6ND_NS].tgt, self.pg0.remote_ip6)
         self.assertTrue(rx[0].haslayer(ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr))
-        self.assertEqual(rx[0][ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr].lladdr,
-                         self.pg0.local_mac)
+        self.assertEqual(rx[0][ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr].lladdr, self.pg0.local_mac)
 
         # Resolve the NDs on the uplink
         self.pg0.resolve_ndp()
@@ -123,28 +135,26 @@ class TestNDPROXY(VppTestCase):
         # Again send the unicast ND request, this time dst address should be
         # in local cache
         #
-        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, [unicast_nd_req_from_host],
-                                  self.pg1)
+        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, [unicast_nd_req_from_host], self.pg1)
         self.assertEqual(rx[0][Ether].src, self.pg1.local_mac)
         self.assertEqual(rx[0][Ether].dst, self.pg1.remote_mac)
         self.assertEqual(rx[0][IPv6].src, self.pg0.remote_ip6)
-        self.assertEqual(in6_ptop(rx[0][IPv6].dst),
-                         in6_ptop(self.pg1.remote_ip6_ll))
+        self.assertEqual(in6_ptop(rx[0][IPv6].dst), in6_ptop(self.pg1.remote_ip6_ll))
         self.assertEqual(ipv6nh[rx[0][IPv6].nh], "ICMPv6")
         self.assertEqual(rx[0][ICMPv6ND_NA].tgt, self.pg0.remote_ip6)
         self.assertTrue(rx[0].haslayer(ICMPv6NDOptDstLLAddr))
-        self.assertEqual(rx[0][ICMPv6NDOptDstLLAddr].lladdr,
-                         self.pg1.local_mac)
+        self.assertEqual(rx[0][ICMPv6NDOptDstLLAddr].lladdr, self.pg1.local_mac)
 
         #
         # Send the Echo Request from host to remote (of uplink)
         #
         id = self.pg1.sw_if_index
         seq = 0x1
-        echo_request = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac,
-                              src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-                        IPv6(dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6, src=self.pg0.local_ip6) /
-                        ICMPv6EchoRequest(seq=seq, id=id))
+        echo_request = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6, src=self.pg0.local_ip6)
+            / ICMPv6EchoRequest(seq=seq, id=id)
+        )
 
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, [echo_request], self.pg0)
         self.assertEqual(rx[0][Ether].src, self.pg0.local_mac)
@@ -159,13 +169,16 @@ class TestNDPROXY(VppTestCase):
         #
         # setup a punt redirect so packets from the uplink go to the tap
         #
-        redirect = VppIpPuntRedirect(self, self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                     self.pg1.sw_if_index, self.pg0.local_ip6)
+        redirect = VppIpPuntRedirect(
+            self, self.pg0.sw_if_index, self.pg1.sw_if_index, self.pg0.local_ip6
+        )
         redirect.add_vpp_config()
 
-        echo_reply = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.remote_mac, src=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                      IPv6(dst=self.pg0.local_ip6, src=self.pg0.remote_ip6) /
-                      ICMPv6EchoReply(seq=1, id=id))
+        echo_reply = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.remote_mac, src=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(dst=self.pg0.local_ip6, src=self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+            / ICMPv6EchoReply(seq=1, id=id)
+        )
 
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [echo_reply], self.pg1)
         self.assertEqual(rx[0][Ether].src, self.pg1.local_mac)
@@ -180,9 +193,11 @@ class TestNDPROXY(VppTestCase):
         #
         # cleanup
         #
-        self.vapi.ip6nd_proxy_enable_disable(sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                             is_enable=0)
+        self.vapi.ip6nd_proxy_enable_disable(
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_enable=0
+        )
         redirect.remove_vpp_config()
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_ip6_vrf_multi_instance.py b/test/test_ip6_vrf_multi_instance.py
index d95e7927f98..73df30d77f2 100644
--- a/test/test_ip6_vrf_multi_instance.py
+++ b/test/test_ip6_vrf_multi_instance.py
@@ -69,8 +69,14 @@ import socket
 
 from scapy.packet import Raw
 from scapy.layers.l2 import Ether
-from scapy.layers.inet6 import UDP, IPv6, ICMPv6ND_NS, ICMPv6ND_RA, \
-    RouterAlert, IPv6ExtHdrHopByHop
+from scapy.layers.inet6 import (
+    UDP,
+    IPv6,
+    ICMPv6ND_NS,
+    ICMPv6ND_RA,
+    RouterAlert,
+    IPv6ExtHdrHopByHop,
+)
 from scapy.utils6 import in6_ismaddr, in6_isllsnmaddr, in6_getAddrType
 from scapy.pton_ntop import inet_ntop
 
@@ -80,8 +86,8 @@ from vrf import VRFState
 
 
 def is_ipv6_misc_ext(p):
-    """ Is packet one of uninteresting IPv6 broadcasts (extended to filter out
-    ICMPv6 Neighbor Discovery - Neighbor Advertisement packets too)? """
+    """Is packet one of uninteresting IPv6 broadcasts (extended to filter out
+    ICMPv6 Neighbor Discovery - Neighbor Advertisement packets too)?"""
     if p.haslayer(ICMPv6ND_RA):
         if in6_ismaddr(p[IPv6].dst):
             return True
@@ -96,7 +102,7 @@ def is_ipv6_misc_ext(p):
 
 
 class TestIP6VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
-    """ IP6 VRF  Multi-instance Test Case """
+    """IP6 VRF  Multi-instance Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -114,8 +120,7 @@ class TestIP6VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
 
         try:
             # Create pg interfaces
-            cls.create_pg_interfaces(
-                range(cls.nr_of_vrfs * cls.pg_ifs_per_vrf))
+            cls.create_pg_interfaces(range(cls.nr_of_vrfs * cls.pg_ifs_per_vrf))
 
             # Packet flows mapping pg0 -> pg1, pg2 etc.
             cls.flows = dict()
@@ -124,7 +129,8 @@ class TestIP6VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
                 pg_list = [
                     cls.pg_interfaces[multiplicand * cls.pg_ifs_per_vrf + j]
                     for j in range(cls.pg_ifs_per_vrf)
-                    if (multiplicand * cls.pg_ifs_per_vrf + j) != i]
+                    if (multiplicand * cls.pg_ifs_per_vrf + j) != i
+                ]
                 cls.flows[cls.pg_interfaces[i]] = pg_list
 
             # Packet sizes - jumbo packet (9018 bytes) skipped
@@ -153,7 +159,8 @@ class TestIP6VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
                 set_id = i + 1
                 pg_list = [
                     cls.pg_interfaces[i * cls.pg_ifs_per_vrf + j]
-                    for j in range(cls.pg_ifs_per_vrf)]
+                    for j in range(cls.pg_ifs_per_vrf)
+                ]
                 cls.pg_if_sets[set_id] = pg_list
 
         except Exception:
@@ -185,8 +192,9 @@ class TestIP6VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
         for i in range(self.pg_ifs_per_vrf):
             pg_if = self.pg_if_sets[if_set_id][i]
             pg_if.set_table_ip6(vrf_id)
-            self.logger.info("pg-interface %s added to IPv6 VRF ID %d"
-                             % (pg_if.name, vrf_id))
+            self.logger.info(
+                "pg-interface %s added to IPv6 VRF ID %d" % (pg_if.name, vrf_id)
+            )
             if pg_if not in self.pg_in_vrf:
                 self.pg_in_vrf.append(pg_if)
             if pg_if in self.pg_not_in_vrf:
@@ -206,8 +214,9 @@ class TestIP6VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
         """
         for i in range(count):
             vrf_id = i + start
-            self.vapi.ip_table_add_del(is_add=1,
-                                       table={'table_id': vrf_id, 'is_ip6': 1})
+            self.vapi.ip_table_add_del(
+                is_add=1, table={"table_id": vrf_id, "is_ip6": 1}
+            )
             self.logger.info("IPv6 VRF ID %d created" % vrf_id)
             if vrf_id not in self.vrf_list:
                 self.vrf_list.append(vrf_id)
@@ -217,8 +226,7 @@ class TestIP6VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.debug(self.vapi.ppcli("show ip6 fib"))
         self.logger.debug(self.vapi.ppcli("show ip6 neighbors"))
 
-    def create_vrf_by_id_and_assign_interfaces(self, set_id,
-                                               vrf_id=0xffffffff):
+    def create_vrf_by_id_and_assign_interfaces(self, set_id, vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF):
         """
         Create a FIB table / VRF by vrf_id, put 3 pg-ip6 interfaces
         to FIB table / VRF.
@@ -226,8 +234,7 @@ class TestIP6VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
         :param int vrf_id: Required table ID / VRF ID. \
         (Default value = 0xffffffff, ID will be selected automatically)
         """
-        ret = self.vapi.ip_table_allocate(table={'table_id': vrf_id,
-                                                 'is_ip6': 1})
+        ret = self.vapi.ip_table_allocate(table={"table_id": vrf_id, "is_ip6": 1})
         vrf_id = ret.table.table_id
         self.logger.info("IPv6 VRF ID %d created" % vrf_id)
         if vrf_id not in self.vrf_list:
@@ -248,7 +255,7 @@ class TestIP6VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
         """
         if if_set_id is None:
             if_set_id = vrf_id
-        self.vapi.ip_table_flush(table={'table_id': vrf_id, 'is_ip6': 1})
+        self.vapi.ip_table_flush(table={"table_id": vrf_id, "is_ip6": 1})
         if vrf_id in self.vrf_list:
             self.vrf_list.remove(vrf_id)
         if vrf_id not in self.vrf_reset_list:
@@ -270,8 +277,7 @@ class TestIP6VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
             self.vrf_list.remove(vrf_id)
         if vrf_id in self.vrf_reset_list:
             self.vrf_reset_list.remove(vrf_id)
-        self.vapi.ip_table_add_del(is_add=0,
-                                   table={'table_id': vrf_id, 'is_ip6': 1})
+        self.vapi.ip_table_add_del(is_add=0, table={"table_id": vrf_id, "is_ip6": 1})
 
     def create_stream(self, src_if, packet_sizes):
         """
@@ -288,16 +294,20 @@ class TestIP6VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
                 src_host = random.choice(src_hosts)
                 pkt_info = self.create_packet_info(src_if, dst_if)
                 payload = self.info_to_payload(pkt_info)
-                p = (Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_host.mac) /
-                     IPv6(src=src_host.ip6, dst=dst_host.ip6) /
-                     UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                     Raw(payload))
+                p = (
+                    Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_host.mac)
+                    / IPv6(src=src_host.ip6, dst=dst_host.ip6)
+                    / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                    / Raw(payload)
+                )
                 pkt_info.data = p.copy()
                 size = random.choice(packet_sizes)
                 self.extend_packet(p, size)
                 pkts.append(p)
-        self.logger.debug("Input stream created for port %s. Length: %u pkt(s)"
-                          % (src_if.name, len(pkts)))
+        self.logger.debug(
+            "Input stream created for port %s. Length: %u pkt(s)"
+            % (src_if.name, len(pkts))
+        )
         return pkts
 
     def create_stream_crosswise_vrf(self, src_if, vrf_id, packet_sizes):
@@ -320,16 +330,20 @@ class TestIP6VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
                     src_host = random.choice(src_hosts)
                     pkt_info = self.create_packet_info(src_if, dst_if)
                     payload = self.info_to_payload(pkt_info)
-                    p = (Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_host.mac) /
-                         IPv6(src=src_host.ip6, dst=dst_host.ip6) /
-                         UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                         Raw(payload))
+                    p = (
+                        Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_host.mac)
+                        / IPv6(src=src_host.ip6, dst=dst_host.ip6)
+                        / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                        / Raw(payload)
+                    )
                     pkt_info.data = p.copy()
                     size = random.choice(packet_sizes)
                     self.extend_packet(p, size)
                     pkts.append(p)
-        self.logger.debug("Input stream created for port %s. Length: %u pkt(s)"
-                          % (src_if.name, len(pkts)))
+        self.logger.debug(
+            "Input stream created for port %s. Length: %u pkt(s)"
+            % (src_if.name, len(pkts))
+        )
         return pkts
 
     def verify_capture(self, pg_if, capture):
@@ -350,11 +364,13 @@ class TestIP6VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
                 payload_info = self.payload_to_info(packet[Raw])
                 packet_index = payload_info.index
                 self.assertEqual(payload_info.dst, dst_sw_if_index)
-                self.logger.debug("Got packet on port %s: src=%u (id=%u)" %
-                                  (pg_if.name, payload_info.src, packet_index))
+                self.logger.debug(
+                    "Got packet on port %s: src=%u (id=%u)"
+                    % (pg_if.name, payload_info.src, packet_index)
+                )
                 next_info = self.get_next_packet_info_for_interface2(
-                    payload_info.src, dst_sw_if_index,
-                    last_info[payload_info.src])
+                    payload_info.src, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[payload_info.src]
+                )
                 last_info[payload_info.src] = next_info
                 self.assertIsNotNone(next_info)
                 self.assertEqual(packet_index, next_info.index)
@@ -369,11 +385,13 @@ class TestIP6VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
                 raise
         for i in self.pg_interfaces:
             remaining_packet = self.get_next_packet_info_for_interface2(
-                i, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[i.sw_if_index])
+                i, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[i.sw_if_index]
+            )
             self.assertIsNone(
                 remaining_packet,
-                "Port %u: Packet expected from source %u didn't arrive" %
-                (dst_sw_if_index, i.sw_if_index))
+                "Port %u: Packet expected from source %u didn't arrive"
+                % (dst_sw_if_index, i.sw_if_index),
+            )
 
     def verify_vrf(self, vrf_id, if_set_id=None):
         """
@@ -437,8 +455,9 @@ class TestIP6VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
                 capture = pg_if.get_capture(remark="interface is in VRF")
                 self.verify_capture(pg_if, capture)
             elif pg_if in self.pg_not_in_vrf:
-                pg_if.assert_nothing_captured(remark="interface is not in VRF",
-                                              filter_out_fn=is_ipv6_misc_ext)
+                pg_if.assert_nothing_captured(
+                    remark="interface is not in VRF", filter_out_fn=is_ipv6_misc_ext
+                )
                 self.logger.debug("No capture for interface %s" % pg_if.name)
             else:
                 raise Exception("Unknown interface: %s" % pg_if.name)
@@ -458,7 +477,8 @@ class TestIP6VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
         for vrf_id in self.vrf_list:
             for pg_if in self.pg_if_sets[vrf_id]:
                 pkts = self.create_stream_crosswise_vrf(
-                    pg_if, vrf_id, self.pg_if_packet_sizes)
+                    pg_if, vrf_id, self.pg_if_packet_sizes
+                )
                 pg_if.add_stream(pkts)
 
         # Enable packet capture and start packet sending
@@ -468,29 +488,27 @@ class TestIP6VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
         # Verify
         # Verify outgoing packet streams per packet-generator interface
         for pg_if in self.pg_interfaces:
-            pg_if.assert_nothing_captured(remark="interface is in other VRF",
-                                          filter_out_fn=is_ipv6_misc_ext)
+            pg_if.assert_nothing_captured(
+                remark="interface is in other VRF", filter_out_fn=is_ipv6_misc_ext
+            )
             self.logger.debug("No capture for interface %s" % pg_if.name)
 
     def test_ip6_vrf_01(self):
-        """ IP6 VRF  Multi-instance test 1 - create 4 VRFs
-        """
+        """IP6 VRF  Multi-instance test 1 - create 4 VRFs"""
         # Config 1
         # Create 4 VRFs
         self.create_vrf_and_assign_interfaces(4)
 
         # Verify 1
         for vrf_id in self.vrf_list:
-            self.assert_equal(self.verify_vrf(vrf_id),
-                              VRFState.configured, VRFState)
+            self.assert_equal(self.verify_vrf(vrf_id), VRFState.configured, VRFState)
 
         # Test 1
         self.run_verify_test()
         self.run_crosswise_vrf_test()
 
     def test_ip6_vrf_02(self):
-        """ IP6 VRF  Multi-instance test 2 - reset 2 VRFs
-        """
+        """IP6 VRF  Multi-instance test 2 - reset 2 VRFs"""
         # Config 2
         # Delete 2 VRFs
         self.reset_vrf_and_remove_from_vrf_list(1)
@@ -498,11 +516,9 @@ class TestIP6VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
 
         # Verify 2
         for vrf_id in self.vrf_reset_list:
-            self.assert_equal(self.verify_vrf(vrf_id),
-                              VRFState.reset, VRFState)
+            self.assert_equal(self.verify_vrf(vrf_id), VRFState.reset, VRFState)
         for vrf_id in self.vrf_list:
-            self.assert_equal(self.verify_vrf(vrf_id),
-                              VRFState.configured, VRFState)
+            self.assert_equal(self.verify_vrf(vrf_id), VRFState.configured, VRFState)
 
         # Test 2
         self.run_verify_test()
@@ -513,8 +529,7 @@ class TestIP6VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
         #     self.reset_vrf_and_remove_from_vrf_list(vrf_id)
 
     def test_ip6_vrf_03(self):
-        """ IP6 VRF  Multi-instance 3 - add 2 VRFs
-        """
+        """IP6 VRF  Multi-instance 3 - add 2 VRFs"""
         # Config 3
         # Add 1 of reset VRFs and 1 new VRF
         self.create_vrf_and_assign_interfaces(1)
@@ -522,11 +537,9 @@ class TestIP6VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
 
         # Verify 3
         for vrf_id in self.vrf_reset_list:
-            self.assert_equal(self.verify_vrf(vrf_id),
-                              VRFState.reset, VRFState)
+            self.assert_equal(self.verify_vrf(vrf_id), VRFState.reset, VRFState)
         for vrf_id in self.vrf_list:
-            self.assert_equal(self.verify_vrf(vrf_id),
-                              VRFState.configured, VRFState)
+            self.assert_equal(self.verify_vrf(vrf_id), VRFState.configured, VRFState)
 
         # Test 3
         self.run_verify_test()
@@ -537,8 +550,7 @@ class TestIP6VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
         #     self.reset_vrf_and_remove_from_vrf_list(vrf_id)
 
     def test_ip6_vrf_04(self):
-        """ IP6 VRF  Multi-instance test 4 - reset 4 VRFs
-        """
+        """IP6 VRF  Multi-instance test 4 - reset 4 VRFs"""
         # Config 4
         # Reset all VRFs (i.e. no VRF except VRF=0 configured)
         for i in range(len(self.vrf_list)):
@@ -547,20 +559,20 @@ class TestIP6VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
 
         # Verify 4
         for vrf_id in self.vrf_reset_list:
-            self.assert_equal(self.verify_vrf(vrf_id),
-                              VRFState.reset, VRFState)
+            self.assert_equal(self.verify_vrf(vrf_id), VRFState.reset, VRFState)
         vrf_list_length = len(self.vrf_list)
         self.assertEqual(
-            vrf_list_length, 0,
-            "List of configured VRFs is not empty: %s != 0" % vrf_list_length)
+            vrf_list_length,
+            0,
+            "List of configured VRFs is not empty: %s != 0" % vrf_list_length,
+        )
 
         # Test 4
         self.run_verify_test()
         self.run_crosswise_vrf_test()
 
     def test_ip6_vrf_05(self):
-        """ IP6 VRF  Multi-instance test 5 - auto allocate vrf id
-        """
+        """IP6 VRF  Multi-instance test 5 - auto allocate vrf id"""
         # Config 5
         # Create several VRFs
         # Set vrf_id manually first
@@ -571,11 +583,11 @@ class TestIP6VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
         ]
 
         # Verify 5
-        self.assert_equal(self.verify_vrf(10, 1), VRFState.configured,
-                          VRFState)
+        self.assert_equal(self.verify_vrf(10, 1), VRFState.configured, VRFState)
         for i, vrf in enumerate(auto_vrf_id):
-            self.assert_equal(self.verify_vrf(vrf, i+2),
-                              VRFState.configured, VRFState)
+            self.assert_equal(
+                self.verify_vrf(vrf, i + 2), VRFState.configured, VRFState
+            )
 
         # Test 5
         self.run_verify_test()
@@ -584,18 +596,19 @@ class TestIP6VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
         # Reset VRFs
         self.reset_vrf_and_remove_from_vrf_list(10, 1)
         for i, vrf in enumerate(auto_vrf_id):
-            self.reset_vrf_and_remove_from_vrf_list(vrf, i+2)
+            self.reset_vrf_and_remove_from_vrf_list(vrf, i + 2)
 
         # Verify 5.1
         self.assert_equal(self.verify_vrf(10, 1), VRFState.reset, VRFState)
         for i, vrf in enumerate(auto_vrf_id):
-            self.assert_equal(self.verify_vrf(vrf, i+2),
-                              VRFState.reset, VRFState)
+            self.assert_equal(self.verify_vrf(vrf, i + 2), VRFState.reset, VRFState)
 
         vrf_list_length = len(self.vrf_list)
         self.assertEqual(
-            vrf_list_length, 0,
-            "List of configured VRFs is not empty: %s != 0" % vrf_list_length)
+            vrf_list_length,
+            0,
+            "List of configured VRFs is not empty: %s != 0" % vrf_list_length,
+        )
 
         # Cleanup our extra created VRFs
         for vrf in auto_vrf_id:
@@ -604,14 +617,12 @@ class TestIP6VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
         self.delete_vrf(10)
 
     def test_ip6_vrf_06(self):
-        """ IP6 VRF  Multi-instance test 6 - recreate 4 VRFs
-        """
+        """IP6 VRF  Multi-instance test 6 - recreate 4 VRFs"""
         # Reconfigure all the VRFs
         self.create_vrf_and_assign_interfaces(4)
         # Verify
         for vrf_id in self.vrf_list:
-            self.assert_equal(self.verify_vrf(vrf_id),
-                              VRFState.configured, VRFState)
+            self.assert_equal(self.verify_vrf(vrf_id), VRFState.configured, VRFState)
         # Test
         self.run_verify_test()
         self.run_crosswise_vrf_test()
@@ -620,16 +631,17 @@ class TestIP6VrfMultiInst(VppTestCase):
             self.reset_vrf_and_remove_from_vrf_list(self.vrf_list[0])
         # Verify
         for vrf_id in self.vrf_reset_list:
-            self.assert_equal(self.verify_vrf(vrf_id),
-                              VRFState.reset, VRFState)
+            self.assert_equal(self.verify_vrf(vrf_id), VRFState.reset, VRFState)
         vrf_list_length = len(self.vrf_list)
         self.assertEqual(
-            vrf_list_length, 0,
-            "List of configured VRFs is not empty: %s != 0" % vrf_list_length)
+            vrf_list_length,
+            0,
+            "List of configured VRFs is not empty: %s != 0" % vrf_list_length,
+        )
         # Test
         self.run_verify_test()
         self.run_crosswise_vrf_test()
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_ip_ecmp.py b/test/test_ip_ecmp.py
index 1d3e872e45e..d5347db2530 100644
--- a/test/test_ip_ecmp.py
+++ b/test/test_ip_ecmp.py
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ N_PKTS_IN_STREAM = 300
 
 
 class TestECMP(VppTestCase):
-    """ Equal-cost multi-path routing Test Case """
+    """Equal-cost multi-path routing Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -92,11 +92,11 @@ class TestECMP(VppTestCase):
             ip_addr = IPv6Address(text_type(ip_addr_start))
             ip_max_len = 128
 
-        return str(ip_addr +
-                   random.randint(0, 2 ** (ip_max_len - ip_prefix_len) - 2))
+        return str(ip_addr + random.randint(0, 2 ** (ip_max_len - ip_prefix_len) - 2))
 
-    def create_stream(self, src_if, src_ip_start, dst_ip_start,
-                      ip_prefix_len, packet_sizes, ip_l=IP):
+    def create_stream(
+        self, src_if, src_ip_start, dst_ip_start, ip_prefix_len, packet_sizes, ip_l=IP
+    ):
         """Create input packet stream for defined interfaces.
 
         :param VppInterface src_if: Source Interface for packet stream.
@@ -112,10 +112,12 @@ class TestECMP(VppTestCase):
             payload = self.info_to_payload(info)
             src_ip = self.get_ip_address(src_ip_start, ip_prefix_len)
             dst_ip = self.get_ip_address(dst_ip_start, ip_prefix_len)
-            p = (Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac) /
-                 ip_l(src=src_ip, dst=dst_ip) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(payload))
+            p = (
+                Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac)
+                / ip_l(src=src_ip, dst=dst_ip)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(payload)
+            )
             info.data = p.copy()
             size = random.choice(packet_sizes)
             self.extend_packet(p, size)
@@ -142,12 +144,17 @@ class TestECMP(VppTestCase):
                 payload_info = self.payload_to_info(packet[Raw])
                 packet_index = payload_info.index
                 ip_sent = self._packet_infos[packet_index].data[ip_l]
-                self.logger.debug("Got packet on port %s: src=%u (id=%u)" %
-                                  (rx_if.name, payload_info.src, packet_index))
+                self.logger.debug(
+                    "Got packet on port %s: src=%u (id=%u)"
+                    % (rx_if.name, payload_info.src, packet_index)
+                )
                 # Check standard fields
-                self.assertIn(packet.dst, rx_if._hosts_by_mac,
-                              "Destination MAC address %s shouldn't be routed "
-                              "via interface %s" % (packet.dst, rx_if.name))
+                self.assertIn(
+                    packet.dst,
+                    rx_if._hosts_by_mac,
+                    "Destination MAC address %s shouldn't be routed "
+                    "via interface %s" % (packet.dst, rx_if.name),
+                )
                 self.assertEqual(packet.src, rx_if.local_mac)
                 self.assertEqual(ip_received.src, ip_sent.src)
                 self.assertEqual(ip_received.dst, ip_sent.dst)
@@ -161,13 +168,15 @@ class TestECMP(VppTestCase):
         # We expect packet routed via all host of pg interface
         for host_mac in host_counters:
             nr = host_counters[host_mac]
-            self.assertNotEqual(
-                nr, 0, "No packet routed via host %s" % host_mac)
-            self.logger.info("%u packets routed via host %s of %s interface" %
-                             (nr, host_mac, rx_if.name))
+            self.assertNotEqual(nr, 0, "No packet routed via host %s" % host_mac)
+            self.logger.info(
+                "%u packets routed via host %s of %s interface"
+                % (nr, host_mac, rx_if.name)
+            )
             count += nr
-        self.logger.info("Total amount of %u packets routed via %s interface" %
-                         (count, rx_if.name))
+        self.logger.info(
+            "Total amount of %u packets routed via %s interface" % (count, rx_if.name)
+        )
 
         return count
 
@@ -184,28 +193,27 @@ class TestECMP(VppTestCase):
         for pg_if in self.pg_interfaces[1:]:
             for nh_host in pg_if.remote_hosts:
                 nh_host_ip = nh_host.ip4 if is_ipv6 == 0 else nh_host.ip6
-                paths.append(VppRoutePath(nh_host_ip,
-                                          pg_if.sw_if_index))
+                paths.append(VppRoutePath(nh_host_ip, pg_if.sw_if_index))
 
         rip = VppIpRoute(self, dst_ip_net, dst_prefix_len, paths)
         rip.add_vpp_config()
-        self.logger.info("Route via %s on %s created" %
-                         (nh_host_ip, pg_if.name))
+        self.logger.info("Route via %s on %s created" % (nh_host_ip, pg_if.name))
 
         self.logger.debug(self.vapi.ppcli("show ip fib"))
         self.logger.debug(self.vapi.ppcli("show ip6 fib"))
 
     def test_ip_ecmp(self):
-        """ IP equal-cost multi-path routing test """
+        """IP equal-cost multi-path routing test"""
 
-        src_ip_net = '16.0.0.1'
-        dst_ip_net = '32.0.0.1'
+        src_ip_net = "16.0.0.1"
+        dst_ip_net = "32.0.0.1"
         ip_prefix_len = 24
 
         self.create_ip_routes(dst_ip_net, ip_prefix_len)
 
-        pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg0, src_ip_net, dst_ip_net,
-                                  ip_prefix_len, self.pg_if_packet_sizes)
+        pkts = self.create_stream(
+            self.pg0, src_ip_net, dst_ip_net, ip_prefix_len, self.pg_if_packet_sizes
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -216,7 +224,8 @@ class TestECMP(VppTestCase):
         for pg_if in self.pg_interfaces[1:]:
             capture = pg_if._get_capture(timeout=1)
             self.assertNotEqual(
-                len(capture), 0, msg="No packets captured on %s" % pg_if.name)
+                len(capture), 0, msg="No packets captured on %s" % pg_if.name
+            )
             rx_count += self.verify_capture(pg_if, capture)
         self.pg0.assert_nothing_captured(remark="IP packets forwarded on pg0")
 
@@ -224,17 +233,22 @@ class TestECMP(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(rx_count, len(pkts))
 
     def test_ip6_ecmp(self):
-        """ IPv6 equal-cost multi-path routing test """
+        """IPv6 equal-cost multi-path routing test"""
 
-        src_ip_net = '3ffe:51::1'
-        dst_ip_net = '3ffe:71::1'
+        src_ip_net = "3ffe:51::1"
+        dst_ip_net = "3ffe:71::1"
         ip_prefix_len = 64
 
         self.create_ip_routes(dst_ip_net, ip_prefix_len, is_ipv6=1)
 
         pkts = self.create_stream(
-            self.pg0, src_ip_net, dst_ip_net,
-            ip_prefix_len, self.pg_if_packet_sizes, ip_l=IPv6)
+            self.pg0,
+            src_ip_net,
+            dst_ip_net,
+            ip_prefix_len,
+            self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
+            ip_l=IPv6,
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -245,7 +259,8 @@ class TestECMP(VppTestCase):
         for pg_if in self.pg_interfaces[1:]:
             capture = pg_if._get_capture(timeout=1)
             self.assertNotEqual(
-                len(capture), 0, msg="No packets captured on %s" % pg_if.name)
+                len(capture), 0, msg="No packets captured on %s" % pg_if.name
+            )
             rx_count += self.verify_capture(pg_if, capture, ip_l=IPv6)
         self.pg0.assert_nothing_captured(remark="IP packets forwarded on pg0")
 
@@ -253,5 +268,5 @@ class TestECMP(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(rx_count, len(pkts))
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_ip_mcast.py b/test/test_ip_mcast.py
index 50ac01b8844..c3ac16c6d85 100644
--- a/test/test_ip_mcast.py
+++ b/test/test_ip_mcast.py
@@ -5,8 +5,14 @@ import unittest
 from framework import tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 from framework import VppTestCase, VppTestRunner
 from vpp_ip import DpoProto
-from vpp_ip_route import VppIpMRoute, VppMRoutePath, VppMFibSignal, \
-    VppIpTable, FibPathProto, FibPathType
+from vpp_ip_route import (
+    VppIpMRoute,
+    VppMRoutePath,
+    VppMFibSignal,
+    VppIpTable,
+    FibPathProto,
+    FibPathType,
+)
 from vpp_gre_interface import VppGreInterface
 from vpp_papi import VppEnum
 
@@ -26,7 +32,7 @@ N_PKTS_IN_STREAM = 91
 
 
 class TestMFIB(VppTestCase):
-    """ MFIB Test Case """
+    """MFIB Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -40,7 +46,7 @@ class TestMFIB(VppTestCase):
         super(TestMFIB, self).setUp()
 
     def test_mfib(self):
-        """ MFIB Unit Tests """
+        """MFIB Unit Tests"""
         error = self.vapi.cli("test mfib")
 
         if error:
@@ -50,7 +56,7 @@ class TestMFIB(VppTestCase):
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
-    """ IP Multicast Test Case """
+    """IP Multicast Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -98,12 +104,14 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
     def create_stream_ip4(self, src_if, src_ip, dst_ip, payload_size=0):
         pkts = []
         # default to small packet sizes
-        p = (Ether(dst=getmacbyip(dst_ip), src=src_if.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=src_ip, dst=dst_ip) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=getmacbyip(dst_ip), src=src_if.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=src_ip, dst=dst_ip)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+        )
         if not payload_size:
             payload_size = 64 - len(p)
-            p = p / Raw(b'\xa5' * payload_size)
+            p = p / Raw(b"\xa5" * payload_size)
 
         for i in range(0, N_PKTS_IN_STREAM):
             pkts.append(p)
@@ -114,10 +122,12 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
         for i in range(0, N_PKTS_IN_STREAM):
             info = self.create_packet_info(src_if, src_if)
             payload = self.info_to_payload(info)
-            p = (Ether(dst=getmacbyip6(dst_ip), src=src_if.remote_mac) /
-                 IPv6(src=src_ip, dst=dst_ip) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(payload))
+            p = (
+                Ether(dst=getmacbyip6(dst_ip), src=src_if.remote_mac)
+                / IPv6(src=src_ip, dst=dst_ip)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(payload)
+            )
             info.data = p.copy()
             pkts.append(p)
         return pkts
@@ -126,7 +136,7 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
         if not len(capture) == len(sent):
             # filter out any IPv6 RAs from the capture
             for p in capture:
-                if (p.haslayer(IPv6)):
+                if p.haslayer(IPv6):
                     capture.remove(p)
         return capture
 
@@ -186,7 +196,7 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(rx_ip.hlim + 1, tx_ip.hlim)
 
     def test_ip_mcast(self):
-        """ IP Multicast Replication """
+        """IP Multicast Replication"""
 
         MRouteItfFlags = VppEnum.vl_api_mfib_itf_flags_t
         MRouteEntryFlags = VppEnum.vl_api_mfib_entry_flags_t
@@ -210,9 +220,11 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
         self.pg_start()
 
         self.pg0.assert_nothing_captured(
-            remark="IP multicast packets forwarded on default route")
+            remark="IP multicast packets forwarded on default route"
+        )
         count = self.statistics.get_err_counter(
-            "/err/ip4-input/Multicast RPF check failed")
+            "/err/ip4-input/Multicast RPF check failed"
+        )
         self.assertEqual(count, len(tx))
 
         #
@@ -224,24 +236,36 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
         route_232_1_1_1 = VppIpMRoute(
             self,
             "0.0.0.0",
-            "232.1.1.1", 32,
+            "232.1.1.1",
+            32,
             MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE,
-            [VppMRoutePath(self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT),
-             VppMRoutePath(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD),
-             VppMRoutePath(self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD),
-             VppMRoutePath(self.pg3.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD),
-             VppMRoutePath(self.pg4.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD),
-             VppMRoutePath(self.pg5.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD),
-             VppMRoutePath(self.pg6.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD),
-             VppMRoutePath(self.pg7.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD)])
+            [
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT
+                ),
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg1.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD
+                ),
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg2.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD
+                ),
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg3.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD
+                ),
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg4.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD
+                ),
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg5.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD
+                ),
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg6.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD
+                ),
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg7.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD
+                ),
+            ],
+        )
         route_232_1_1_1.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -251,14 +275,21 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
         route_1_1_1_1_232_1_1_1 = VppIpMRoute(
             self,
             "1.1.1.1",
-            "232.1.1.1", 27,  # any grp-len is ok when src is set
+            "232.1.1.1",
+            27,  # any grp-len is ok when src is set
             MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE,
-            [VppMRoutePath(self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT),
-             VppMRoutePath(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD),
-             VppMRoutePath(self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD)])
+            [
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT
+                ),
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg1.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD
+                ),
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg2.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD
+                ),
+            ],
+        )
         route_1_1_1_1_232_1_1_1.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -269,16 +300,25 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
         route_1_1_1_1_232_1_1_2 = VppIpMRoute(
             self,
             "1.1.1.1",
-            "232.1.1.2", 64,
+            "232.1.1.2",
+            64,
             MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE,
-            [VppMRoutePath(self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT),
-             VppMRoutePath(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
-                           nh=self.pg1.remote_ip4),
-             VppMRoutePath(self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
-                           nh=self.pg2.remote_ip4)])
+            [
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT
+                ),
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+                    MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
+                    nh=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+                ),
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg2.sw_if_index,
+                    MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
+                    nh=self.pg2.remote_ip4,
+                ),
+            ],
+        )
         route_1_1_1_1_232_1_1_2.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -288,12 +328,18 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
         route_232 = VppIpMRoute(
             self,
             "0.0.0.0",
-            "232.0.0.0", 8,
+            "232.0.0.0",
+            8,
             MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE,
-            [VppMRoutePath(self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT),
-             VppMRoutePath(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD)])
+            [
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT
+                ),
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg1.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD
+                ),
+            ],
+        )
         route_232.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -307,26 +353,22 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
-        self.assertEqual(route_1_1_1_1_232_1_1_1.get_stats()['packets'],
-                         len(tx))
+        self.assertEqual(route_1_1_1_1_232_1_1_1.get_stats()["packets"], len(tx))
 
         # We expect replications on Pg1->7
         self.verify_capture_ip4(self.pg1, tx)
         self.verify_capture_ip4(self.pg2, tx)
 
         # no replications on Pg0
-        self.pg0.assert_nothing_captured(
-            remark="IP multicast packets forwarded on PG0")
-        self.pg3.assert_nothing_captured(
-            remark="IP multicast packets forwarded on PG3")
+        self.pg0.assert_nothing_captured(remark="IP multicast packets forwarded on PG0")
+        self.pg3.assert_nothing_captured(remark="IP multicast packets forwarded on PG3")
 
         #
         # a stream that matches the route for (1.1.1.1,232.1.1.1)
         #  large packets
         #
         self.vapi.cli("clear trace")
-        tx = self.create_stream_ip4(self.pg0, "1.1.1.1", "232.1.1.1",
-                                    payload_size=1024)
+        tx = self.create_stream_ip4(self.pg0, "1.1.1.1", "232.1.1.1", payload_size=1024)
         self.pg0.add_stream(tx)
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -336,14 +378,11 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
         self.verify_capture_ip4(self.pg1, tx)
         self.verify_capture_ip4(self.pg2, tx)
 
-        self.assertEqual(route_1_1_1_1_232_1_1_1.get_stats()['packets'],
-                         2*len(tx))
+        self.assertEqual(route_1_1_1_1_232_1_1_1.get_stats()["packets"], 2 * len(tx))
 
         # no replications on Pg0
-        self.pg0.assert_nothing_captured(
-            remark="IP multicast packets forwarded on PG0")
-        self.pg3.assert_nothing_captured(
-            remark="IP multicast packets forwarded on PG3")
+        self.pg0.assert_nothing_captured(remark="IP multicast packets forwarded on PG0")
+        self.pg3.assert_nothing_captured(remark="IP multicast packets forwarded on PG3")
 
         #
         # a stream to the unicast next-hops
@@ -360,10 +399,8 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
         self.verify_capture_ip4(self.pg2, tx, dst_mac=self.pg2.remote_mac)
 
         # no replications on Pg0 nor pg3
-        self.pg0.assert_nothing_captured(
-            remark="IP multicast packets forwarded on PG0")
-        self.pg3.assert_nothing_captured(
-            remark="IP multicast packets forwarded on PG3")
+        self.pg0.assert_nothing_captured(remark="IP multicast packets forwarded on PG0")
+        self.pg3.assert_nothing_captured(remark="IP multicast packets forwarded on PG3")
 
         #
         # a stream that matches the route for (*,232.0.0.0/8)
@@ -379,15 +416,12 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
 
         # We expect replications on Pg1 only
         self.verify_capture_ip4(self.pg1, tx)
-        self.assertEqual(route_232.get_stats()['packets'], len(tx))
+        self.assertEqual(route_232.get_stats()["packets"], len(tx))
 
         # no replications on Pg0, Pg2 not Pg3
-        self.pg0.assert_nothing_captured(
-            remark="IP multicast packets forwarded on PG0")
-        self.pg2.assert_nothing_captured(
-            remark="IP multicast packets forwarded on PG2")
-        self.pg3.assert_nothing_captured(
-            remark="IP multicast packets forwarded on PG3")
+        self.pg0.assert_nothing_captured(remark="IP multicast packets forwarded on PG0")
+        self.pg2.assert_nothing_captured(remark="IP multicast packets forwarded on PG2")
+        self.pg3.assert_nothing_captured(remark="IP multicast packets forwarded on PG3")
 
         #
         # a stream that matches the route for (*,232.1.1.1)
@@ -409,8 +443,7 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
         self.verify_capture_ip4(self.pg7, tx)
 
         # no replications on Pg0
-        self.pg0.assert_nothing_captured(
-            remark="IP multicast packets forwarded on PG0")
+        self.pg0.assert_nothing_captured(remark="IP multicast packets forwarded on PG0")
 
         self.vapi.cli("packet mac-filter pg0 off")
         self.vapi.cli("packet mac-filter pg1 off")
@@ -421,7 +454,7 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
         self.vapi.cli("packet mac-filter pg7 off")
 
     def test_ip6_mcast(self):
-        """ IPv6 Multicast Replication """
+        """IPv6 Multicast Replication"""
 
         MRouteItfFlags = VppEnum.vl_api_mfib_itf_flags_t
         MRouteEntryFlags = VppEnum.vl_api_mfib_entry_flags_t
@@ -444,7 +477,8 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
         self.pg_start()
 
         self.pg0.assert_nothing_captured(
-            remark="IPv6 multicast packets forwarded on default route")
+            remark="IPv6 multicast packets forwarded on default route"
+        )
 
         #
         # A (*,G).
@@ -453,20 +487,32 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
         route_ff01_1 = VppIpMRoute(
             self,
             "::",
-            "ff01::1", 128,
+            "ff01::1",
+            128,
             MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE,
-            [VppMRoutePath(self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT,
-                           proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6),
-             VppMRoutePath(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
-                           proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6),
-             VppMRoutePath(self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
-                           proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6),
-             VppMRoutePath(self.pg3.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
-                           proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6)])
+            [
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+                    MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT,
+                    proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6,
+                ),
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+                    MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
+                    proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6,
+                ),
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg2.sw_if_index,
+                    MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
+                    proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6,
+                ),
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg3.sw_if_index,
+                    MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
+                    proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6,
+                ),
+            ],
+        )
         route_ff01_1.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -476,17 +522,27 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
         route_2001_ff01_1 = VppIpMRoute(
             self,
             "2001::1",
-            "ff01::1", 0,  # any grp-len is ok when src is set
+            "ff01::1",
+            0,  # any grp-len is ok when src is set
             MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE,
-            [VppMRoutePath(self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT,
-                           proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6),
-             VppMRoutePath(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
-                           proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6),
-             VppMRoutePath(self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
-                           proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6)])
+            [
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+                    MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT,
+                    proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6,
+                ),
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+                    MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
+                    proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6,
+                ),
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg2.sw_if_index,
+                    MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
+                    proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6,
+                ),
+            ],
+        )
         route_2001_ff01_1.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -496,14 +552,22 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
         route_ff01 = VppIpMRoute(
             self,
             "::",
-            "ff01::", 16,
+            "ff01::",
+            16,
             MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE,
-            [VppMRoutePath(self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT,
-                           proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6),
-             VppMRoutePath(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
-                           proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6)])
+            [
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+                    MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT,
+                    proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6,
+                ),
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+                    MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
+                    proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6,
+                ),
+            ],
+        )
         route_ff01.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -514,7 +578,8 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
         tx = self.create_stream_ip6(self.pg1, "2002::1", "ff01:2::255")
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg1, tx, "RPF miss")
         count = self.statistics.get_err_counter(
-            "/err/ip6-input/Multicast RPF check failed")
+            "/err/ip6-input/Multicast RPF check failed"
+        )
         self.assertEqual(count, 2 * len(tx))
 
         #
@@ -532,12 +597,9 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
         self.verify_capture_ip6(self.pg1, tx)
 
         # no replications on Pg0, Pg3
-        self.pg0.assert_nothing_captured(
-            remark="IP multicast packets forwarded on PG0")
-        self.pg2.assert_nothing_captured(
-            remark="IP multicast packets forwarded on PG2")
-        self.pg3.assert_nothing_captured(
-            remark="IP multicast packets forwarded on PG3")
+        self.pg0.assert_nothing_captured(remark="IP multicast packets forwarded on PG0")
+        self.pg2.assert_nothing_captured(remark="IP multicast packets forwarded on PG2")
+        self.pg3.assert_nothing_captured(remark="IP multicast packets forwarded on PG3")
 
         #
         # Bounce the interface and it should still work
@@ -547,7 +609,8 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
         self.pg1.assert_nothing_captured(
-            remark="IP multicast packets forwarded on down PG1")
+            remark="IP multicast packets forwarded on down PG1"
+        )
 
         self.pg1.admin_up()
         self.pg0.add_stream(tx)
@@ -572,7 +635,8 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
 
         # no replications on Pg0
         self.pg0.assert_nothing_captured(
-            remark="IPv6 multicast packets forwarded on PG0")
+            remark="IPv6 multicast packets forwarded on PG0"
+        )
 
         #
         # a stream that matches the route for (2001::1, ff00::1)
@@ -589,10 +653,8 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
         self.verify_capture_ip6(self.pg2, tx)
 
         # no replications on Pg0, Pg3
-        self.pg0.assert_nothing_captured(
-            remark="IP multicast packets forwarded on PG0")
-        self.pg3.assert_nothing_captured(
-            remark="IP multicast packets forwarded on PG3")
+        self.pg0.assert_nothing_captured(remark="IP multicast packets forwarded on PG0")
+        self.pg3.assert_nothing_captured(remark="IP multicast packets forwarded on PG3")
 
         self.vapi.cli("packet mac-filter pg0 off")
         self.vapi.cli("packet mac-filter pg1 off")
@@ -604,9 +666,7 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
 
     def _mcast_connected_send_stream(self, dst_ip):
         self.vapi.cli("clear trace")
-        tx = self.create_stream_ip4(self.pg0,
-                                    self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                    dst_ip)
+        tx = self.create_stream_ip4(self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst_ip)
         self.pg0.add_stream(tx)
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -618,7 +678,7 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
         return tx
 
     def test_ip_mcast_connected(self):
-        """ IP Multicast Connected Source check """
+        """IP Multicast Connected Source check"""
 
         MRouteItfFlags = VppEnum.vl_api_mfib_itf_flags_t
         MRouteEntryFlags = VppEnum.vl_api_mfib_entry_flags_t
@@ -630,16 +690,23 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
         route_232_1_1_1 = VppIpMRoute(
             self,
             "0.0.0.0",
-            "232.1.1.1", 32,
+            "232.1.1.1",
+            32,
             MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE,
-            [VppMRoutePath(self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT),
-             VppMRoutePath(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD)])
+            [
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT
+                ),
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg1.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD
+                ),
+            ],
+        )
 
         route_232_1_1_1.add_vpp_config()
         route_232_1_1_1.update_entry_flags(
-            MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_CONNECTED)
+            MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_CONNECTED
+        )
 
         #
         # Now the (*,G) is present, send from connected source
@@ -649,10 +716,9 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
         #
         # Constrct a representation of the signal we expect on pg0
         #
-        signal_232_1_1_1_itf_0 = VppMFibSignal(self,
-                                               route_232_1_1_1,
-                                               self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                               tx[0])
+        signal_232_1_1_1_itf_0 = VppMFibSignal(
+            self, route_232_1_1_1, self.pg0.sw_if_index, tx[0]
+        )
 
         #
         # read the only expected signal
@@ -680,24 +746,30 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
         route_232_1_1_2 = VppIpMRoute(
             self,
             "0.0.0.0",
-            "232.1.1.2", 32,
+            "232.1.1.2",
+            32,
             MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE,
-            [VppMRoutePath(self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT),
-             VppMRoutePath(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD)])
+            [
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT
+                ),
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg1.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD
+                ),
+            ],
+        )
 
         route_232_1_1_2.add_vpp_config()
         route_232_1_1_2.update_entry_flags(
-            MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_CONNECTED)
+            MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_CONNECTED
+        )
 
         #
         # Send traffic to both entries. One read should net us two signals
         #
-        signal_232_1_1_2_itf_0 = VppMFibSignal(self,
-                                               route_232_1_1_2,
-                                               self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                               tx[0])
+        signal_232_1_1_2_itf_0 = VppMFibSignal(
+            self, route_232_1_1_2, self.pg0.sw_if_index, tx[0]
+        )
         tx = self._mcast_connected_send_stream("232.1.1.1")
         tx2 = self._mcast_connected_send_stream("232.1.1.2")
 
@@ -711,13 +783,11 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
         signal_232_1_1_1_itf_0.compare(signals[1])
         signal_232_1_1_2_itf_0.compare(signals[0])
 
-        route_232_1_1_1.update_entry_flags(
-            MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE)
-        route_232_1_1_2.update_entry_flags(
-            MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE)
+        route_232_1_1_1.update_entry_flags(MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE)
+        route_232_1_1_2.update_entry_flags(MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE)
 
     def test_ip_mcast_signal(self):
-        """ IP Multicast Signal """
+        """IP Multicast Signal"""
 
         MRouteItfFlags = VppEnum.vl_api_mfib_itf_flags_t
         MRouteEntryFlags = VppEnum.vl_api_mfib_entry_flags_t
@@ -729,17 +799,22 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
         route_232_1_1_1 = VppIpMRoute(
             self,
             "0.0.0.0",
-            "232.1.1.1", 32,
+            "232.1.1.1",
+            32,
             MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE,
-            [VppMRoutePath(self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT),
-             VppMRoutePath(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD)])
+            [
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT
+                ),
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg1.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD
+                ),
+            ],
+        )
 
         route_232_1_1_1.add_vpp_config()
 
-        route_232_1_1_1.update_entry_flags(
-            MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_SIGNAL)
+        route_232_1_1_1.update_entry_flags(MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_SIGNAL)
 
         #
         # Now the (*,G) is present, send from connected source
@@ -749,10 +824,9 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
         #
         # Constrct a representation of the signal we expect on pg0
         #
-        signal_232_1_1_1_itf_0 = VppMFibSignal(self,
-                                               route_232_1_1_1,
-                                               self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                               tx[0])
+        signal_232_1_1_1_itf_0 = VppMFibSignal(
+            self, route_232_1_1_1, self.pg0.sw_if_index, tx[0]
+        )
 
         #
         # read the only expected signal
@@ -779,8 +853,11 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
         #
         route_232_1_1_1.update_path_flags(
             self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            (MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT |
-             MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_NEGATE_SIGNAL))
+            (
+                MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT
+                | MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_NEGATE_SIGNAL
+            ),
+        )
 
         self.vapi.cli("clear trace")
         tx = self._mcast_connected_send_stream("232.1.1.1")
@@ -792,8 +869,7 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
         # Clear the SIGNAL flag on the entry and the signals should
         # come back since the interface is still NEGATE-SIGNAL
         #
-        route_232_1_1_1.update_entry_flags(
-            MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE)
+        route_232_1_1_1.update_entry_flags(MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE)
 
         tx = self._mcast_connected_send_stream("232.1.1.1")
 
@@ -806,15 +882,15 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
         # signals should stop
         #
         route_232_1_1_1.update_path_flags(
-            self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT)
+            self.pg0.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT
+        )
 
         tx = self._mcast_connected_send_stream("232.1.1.1")
         signals = self.vapi.mfib_signal_dump()
         self.assertEqual(0, len(signals))
 
     def test_ip_mcast_vrf(self):
-        """ IP Multicast Replication in non-default table"""
+        """IP Multicast Replication in non-default table"""
 
         MRouteItfFlags = VppEnum.vl_api_mfib_itf_flags_t
         MRouteEntryFlags = VppEnum.vl_api_mfib_entry_flags_t
@@ -826,15 +902,22 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
         route_1_1_1_1_232_1_1_1 = VppIpMRoute(
             self,
             "1.1.1.1",
-            "232.1.1.1", 64,
+            "232.1.1.1",
+            64,
             MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE,
-            [VppMRoutePath(self.pg8.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT),
-             VppMRoutePath(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD),
-             VppMRoutePath(self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD)],
-            table_id=10)
+            [
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg8.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT
+                ),
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg1.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD
+                ),
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg2.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD
+                ),
+            ],
+            table_id=10,
+        )
         route_1_1_1_1_232_1_1_1.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -858,14 +941,21 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
         route_0_0_0_0_224_0_0_5 = VppIpMRoute(
             self,
             "0.0.0.0",
-            "224.0.0.5", 32,
+            "224.0.0.5",
+            32,
             MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE,
-            [VppMRoutePath(self.pg8.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT),
-             VppMRoutePath(0xffffffff,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
-                           type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_LOCAL)],
-            table_id=10)
+            [
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg8.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT
+                ),
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    0xFFFFFFFF,
+                    MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
+                    type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_LOCAL,
+                ),
+            ],
+            table_id=10,
+        )
         route_0_0_0_0_224_0_0_5.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -879,34 +969,33 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
         # send a ping to mcast address from peer on pg8
         #  expect a response
         #
-        icmp_id = 0xb
+        icmp_id = 0xB
         icmp_seq = 5
-        icmp_load = b'\x0a' * 18
-        tx = (Ether(dst=getmacbyip("224.0.0.5"), src=self.pg8.remote_mac) /
-              IP(src=self.pg8.remote_ip4, dst="224.0.0.5") /
-              ICMP(id=icmp_id, seq=icmp_seq) /
-              Raw(load=icmp_load)) * 2
+        icmp_load = b"\x0a" * 18
+        tx = (
+            Ether(dst=getmacbyip("224.0.0.5"), src=self.pg8.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg8.remote_ip4, dst="224.0.0.5")
+            / ICMP(id=icmp_id, seq=icmp_seq)
+            / Raw(load=icmp_load)
+        ) * 2
 
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg8, tx, self.pg8)
 
     def test_ip_mcast_gre(self):
-        """ IP Multicast Replication over GRE"""
+        """IP Multicast Replication over GRE"""
 
         MRouteItfFlags = VppEnum.vl_api_mfib_itf_flags_t
         MRouteEntryFlags = VppEnum.vl_api_mfib_entry_flags_t
 
         gre_if_1 = VppGreInterface(
-            self,
-            self.pg1.local_ip4,
-            self.pg1.remote_ip4).add_vpp_config()
+            self, self.pg1.local_ip4, self.pg1.remote_ip4
+        ).add_vpp_config()
         gre_if_2 = VppGreInterface(
-            self,
-            self.pg2.local_ip4,
-            self.pg2.remote_ip4).add_vpp_config()
+            self, self.pg2.local_ip4, self.pg2.remote_ip4
+        ).add_vpp_config()
         gre_if_3 = VppGreInterface(
-            self,
-            self.pg3.local_ip4,
-            self.pg3.remote_ip4).add_vpp_config()
+            self, self.pg3.local_ip4, self.pg3.remote_ip4
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         gre_if_1.admin_up()
         gre_if_1.config_ip4()
@@ -922,28 +1011,35 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
         route_1_1_1_1_232_1_1_1 = VppIpMRoute(
             self,
             "1.1.1.1",
-            "232.2.2.2", 64,
+            "232.2.2.2",
+            64,
             MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE,
-            [VppMRoutePath(gre_if_1.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT),
-             VppMRoutePath(gre_if_2.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD),
-             VppMRoutePath(gre_if_3.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD)])
+            [
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    gre_if_1.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT
+                ),
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    gre_if_2.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD
+                ),
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    gre_if_3.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD
+                ),
+            ],
+        )
         route_1_1_1_1_232_1_1_1.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # a stream that matches the route for (1.1.1.1,232.2.2.2)
         #  small packets
         #
-        tx = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac,
-                    src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-              IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                 dst=self.pg1.local_ip4) /
-              GRE() /
-              IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="232.2.2.2") /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-              Raw(b'\a5' * 64)) * 63
+        tx = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.local_ip4)
+            / GRE()
+            / IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="232.2.2.2")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\a5" * 64)
+        ) * 63
 
         self.vapi.cli("clear trace")
         self.pg1.add_stream(tx)
@@ -966,23 +1062,20 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
             self.assert_packet_checksums_valid(rx)
 
     def test_ip6_mcast_gre(self):
-        """ IP6 Multicast Replication over GRE"""
+        """IP6 Multicast Replication over GRE"""
 
         MRouteItfFlags = VppEnum.vl_api_mfib_itf_flags_t
         MRouteEntryFlags = VppEnum.vl_api_mfib_entry_flags_t
 
         gre_if_1 = VppGreInterface(
-            self,
-            self.pg1.local_ip4,
-            self.pg1.remote_ip4).add_vpp_config()
+            self, self.pg1.local_ip4, self.pg1.remote_ip4
+        ).add_vpp_config()
         gre_if_2 = VppGreInterface(
-            self,
-            self.pg2.local_ip4,
-            self.pg2.remote_ip4).add_vpp_config()
+            self, self.pg2.local_ip4, self.pg2.remote_ip4
+        ).add_vpp_config()
         gre_if_3 = VppGreInterface(
-            self,
-            self.pg3.local_ip4,
-            self.pg3.remote_ip4).add_vpp_config()
+            self, self.pg3.local_ip4, self.pg3.remote_ip4
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         gre_if_1.admin_up()
         gre_if_1.config_ip6()
@@ -998,28 +1091,35 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
         route_1_1_FF_1 = VppIpMRoute(
             self,
             "1::1",
-            "FF00::1", 256,
+            "FF00::1",
+            256,
             MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE,
-            [VppMRoutePath(gre_if_1.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT),
-             VppMRoutePath(gre_if_2.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD),
-             VppMRoutePath(gre_if_3.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD)])
+            [
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    gre_if_1.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT
+                ),
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    gre_if_2.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD
+                ),
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    gre_if_3.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD
+                ),
+            ],
+        )
         route_1_1_FF_1.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # a stream that matches the route for (1::1, FF::1)
         #  small packets
         #
-        tx = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac,
-                    src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-              IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                 dst=self.pg1.local_ip4) /
-              GRE() /
-              IPv6(src="1::1", dst="FF00::1") /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-              Raw(b'\a5' * 64)) * 63
+        tx = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.local_ip4)
+            / GRE()
+            / IPv6(src="1::1", dst="FF00::1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\a5" * 64)
+        ) * 63
 
         self.vapi.cli("clear trace")
         self.pg1.add_stream(tx)
@@ -1042,7 +1142,7 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
             self.assert_packet_checksums_valid(rx)
 
     def test_ip6_mcast_vrf(self):
-        """ IPv6 Multicast Replication in non-default table"""
+        """IPv6 Multicast Replication in non-default table"""
 
         MRouteItfFlags = VppEnum.vl_api_mfib_itf_flags_t
         MRouteEntryFlags = VppEnum.vl_api_mfib_entry_flags_t
@@ -1054,18 +1154,28 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
         route_2001_ff01_1 = VppIpMRoute(
             self,
             "2001::1",
-            "ff01::1", 256,
+            "ff01::1",
+            256,
             MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE,
-            [VppMRoutePath(self.pg8.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT,
-                           proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6),
-             VppMRoutePath(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
-                           proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6),
-             VppMRoutePath(self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
-                           proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6)],
-            table_id=10)
+            [
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg8.sw_if_index,
+                    MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT,
+                    proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6,
+                ),
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+                    MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
+                    proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6,
+                ),
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg2.sw_if_index,
+                    MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
+                    proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6,
+                ),
+            ],
+            table_id=10,
+        )
         route_2001_ff01_1.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -1083,7 +1193,7 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
         self.verify_capture_ip6(self.pg2, tx)
 
     def test_bidir(self):
-        """ IP Multicast Bi-directional """
+        """IP Multicast Bi-directional"""
 
         MRouteItfFlags = VppEnum.vl_api_mfib_itf_flags_t
         MRouteEntryFlags = VppEnum.vl_api_mfib_entry_flags_t
@@ -1094,20 +1204,32 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
         route_232_1_1_1 = VppIpMRoute(
             self,
             "0.0.0.0",
-            "232.1.1.1", 32,
+            "232.1.1.1",
+            32,
             MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE,
-            [VppMRoutePath(self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT |
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD),
-             VppMRoutePath(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT |
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD),
-             VppMRoutePath(self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT |
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD),
-             VppMRoutePath(self.pg3.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT |
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD)])
+            [
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+                    MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT
+                    | MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
+                ),
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+                    MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT
+                    | MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
+                ),
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg2.sw_if_index,
+                    MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT
+                    | MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
+                ),
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg3.sw_if_index,
+                    MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT
+                    | MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
+                ),
+            ],
+        )
         route_232_1_1_1.add_vpp_config()
 
         tx = self.create_stream_ip4(self.pg0, "1.1.1.1", "232.1.1.1")
@@ -1120,9 +1242,8 @@ class TestIPMcast(VppTestCase):
         self.verify_capture_ip4(self.pg1, tx)
         self.verify_capture_ip4(self.pg2, tx)
         self.verify_capture_ip4(self.pg3, tx)
-        self.pg0.assert_nothing_captured(
-            remark="IP multicast packets forwarded on PG0")
+        self.pg0.assert_nothing_captured(remark="IP multicast packets forwarded on PG0")
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_ipfix_export.py b/test/test_ipfix_export.py
index be7476e67cf..f7b8be7e4d8 100644
--- a/test/test_ipfix_export.py
+++ b/test/test_ipfix_export.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ from socket import AF_INET, AF_INET6
 
 
 class TestIpfixExporter(VppTestCase):
-    """ Ipfix Exporter Tests """
+    """Ipfix Exporter Tests"""
 
     def setUp(self):
         super(TestIpfixExporter, self).setUp()
@@ -37,15 +37,16 @@ class TestIpfixExporter(VppTestCase):
             i.admin_down()
 
     def find_exp_by_collector_addr(self, exporters, addr):
-        """ Find the exporter in the list of exportes with the given  addr """
+        """Find the exporter in the list of exportes with the given  addr"""
 
         for exp in exporters:
             if exp.collector_address == IPv4Address(addr):
                 return exp
         return None
 
-    def verify_exporter_detail(self, exp, collector_addr, src_addr,
-                               collector_port=4739, mtu=1400, interval=20):
+    def verify_exporter_detail(
+        self, exp, collector_addr, src_addr, collector_port=4739, mtu=1400, interval=20
+    ):
         self.assertTrue(exp is not None)
         self.assert_equal(exp.collector_address, collector_addr)
         self.assert_equal(exp.src_address, src_addr)
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ class TestIpfixExporter(VppTestCase):
         self.assert_equal(exp.template_interval, interval)
 
     def test_create_multipe_exporters(self):
-        """ test that we can create and dump multiple exporters """
+        """test that we can create and dump multiple exporters"""
 
         mtu = 1400
         interval = 20
@@ -66,20 +67,20 @@ class TestIpfixExporter(VppTestCase):
             src_address=self.pg0.local_ip4,
             collector_port=4739,
             path_mtu=mtu,
-            template_interval=interval)
+            template_interval=interval,
+        )
 
         exporters = self.vapi.ipfix_exporter_dump()
         exp = self.find_exp_by_collector_addr(exporters, self.pg1.remote_ip4)
-        self.verify_exporter_detail(exp,
-                                    IPv4Address(self.pg1.remote_ip4),
-                                    IPv4Address(self.pg0.local_ip4))
+        self.verify_exporter_detail(
+            exp, IPv4Address(self.pg1.remote_ip4), IPv4Address(self.pg0.local_ip4)
+        )
 
-        exporters = list(self.vapi.vpp.details_iter(
-            self.vapi.ipfix_all_exporter_get))
+        exporters = list(self.vapi.vpp.details_iter(self.vapi.ipfix_all_exporter_get))
         exp = self.find_exp_by_collector_addr(exporters, self.pg1.remote_ip4)
-        self.verify_exporter_detail(exp,
-                                    IPv4Address(self.pg1.remote_ip4),
-                                    IPv4Address(self.pg0.local_ip4))
+        self.verify_exporter_detail(
+            exp, IPv4Address(self.pg1.remote_ip4), IPv4Address(self.pg0.local_ip4)
+        )
 
         # create a 2nd exporter
         self.vapi.ipfix_exporter_create_delete(
@@ -88,19 +89,19 @@ class TestIpfixExporter(VppTestCase):
             collector_port=4739,
             path_mtu=mtu,
             template_interval=interval,
-            is_create=True)
+            is_create=True,
+        )
 
-        exporters = list(self.vapi.vpp.details_iter(
-            self.vapi.ipfix_all_exporter_get))
+        exporters = list(self.vapi.vpp.details_iter(self.vapi.ipfix_all_exporter_get))
         self.assertTrue(len(exporters) == 2)
         exp = self.find_exp_by_collector_addr(exporters, self.pg1.remote_ip4)
-        self.verify_exporter_detail(exp,
-                                    IPv4Address(self.pg1.remote_ip4),
-                                    IPv4Address(self.pg0.local_ip4))
+        self.verify_exporter_detail(
+            exp, IPv4Address(self.pg1.remote_ip4), IPv4Address(self.pg0.local_ip4)
+        )
         exp = self.find_exp_by_collector_addr(exporters, self.pg2.remote_ip4)
-        self.verify_exporter_detail(exp,
-                                    IPv4Address(self.pg2.remote_ip4),
-                                    IPv4Address(self.pg0.local_ip4))
+        self.verify_exporter_detail(
+            exp, IPv4Address(self.pg2.remote_ip4), IPv4Address(self.pg0.local_ip4)
+        )
 
         # Create a 3rd exporter
         self.vapi.ipfix_exporter_create_delete(
@@ -109,49 +110,52 @@ class TestIpfixExporter(VppTestCase):
             collector_port=4739,
             path_mtu=mtu,
             template_interval=interval,
-            is_create=True)
+            is_create=True,
+        )
 
-        exporters = list(self.vapi.vpp.details_iter(
-            self.vapi.ipfix_all_exporter_get))
+        exporters = list(self.vapi.vpp.details_iter(self.vapi.ipfix_all_exporter_get))
         self.assertTrue(len(exporters) == 3)
         exp = self.find_exp_by_collector_addr(exporters, self.pg1.remote_ip4)
-        self.verify_exporter_detail(exp,
-                                    IPv4Address(self.pg1.remote_ip4),
-                                    IPv4Address(self.pg0.local_ip4))
+        self.verify_exporter_detail(
+            exp, IPv4Address(self.pg1.remote_ip4), IPv4Address(self.pg0.local_ip4)
+        )
         exp = self.find_exp_by_collector_addr(exporters, self.pg2.remote_ip4)
-        self.verify_exporter_detail(exp,
-                                    IPv4Address(self.pg2.remote_ip4),
-                                    IPv4Address(self.pg0.local_ip4))
+        self.verify_exporter_detail(
+            exp, IPv4Address(self.pg2.remote_ip4), IPv4Address(self.pg0.local_ip4)
+        )
         exp = self.find_exp_by_collector_addr(exporters, self.pg3.remote_ip4)
-        self.verify_exporter_detail(exp,
-                                    IPv4Address(self.pg3.remote_ip4),
-                                    IPv4Address(self.pg0.local_ip4))
+        self.verify_exporter_detail(
+            exp, IPv4Address(self.pg3.remote_ip4), IPv4Address(self.pg0.local_ip4)
+        )
 
         # Modify the 2nd exporter.
         self.vapi.ipfix_exporter_create_delete(
             collector_address=self.pg2.remote_ip4,
             src_address=self.pg0.local_ip4,
             collector_port=4739,
-            path_mtu=mtu+1,
-            template_interval=interval+1,
-            is_create=True)
+            path_mtu=mtu + 1,
+            template_interval=interval + 1,
+            is_create=True,
+        )
 
-        exporters = list(self.vapi.vpp.details_iter(
-            self.vapi.ipfix_all_exporter_get))
+        exporters = list(self.vapi.vpp.details_iter(self.vapi.ipfix_all_exporter_get))
         self.assertTrue(len(exporters) == 3)
         exp = self.find_exp_by_collector_addr(exporters, self.pg1.remote_ip4)
-        self.verify_exporter_detail(exp,
-                                    IPv4Address(self.pg1.remote_ip4),
-                                    IPv4Address(self.pg0.local_ip4))
+        self.verify_exporter_detail(
+            exp, IPv4Address(self.pg1.remote_ip4), IPv4Address(self.pg0.local_ip4)
+        )
         exp = self.find_exp_by_collector_addr(exporters, self.pg2.remote_ip4)
-        self.verify_exporter_detail(exp,
-                                    IPv4Address(self.pg2.remote_ip4),
-                                    IPv4Address(self.pg0.local_ip4),
-                                    mtu=mtu+1, interval=interval+1)
+        self.verify_exporter_detail(
+            exp,
+            IPv4Address(self.pg2.remote_ip4),
+            IPv4Address(self.pg0.local_ip4),
+            mtu=mtu + 1,
+            interval=interval + 1,
+        )
         exp = self.find_exp_by_collector_addr(exporters, self.pg3.remote_ip4)
-        self.verify_exporter_detail(exp,
-                                    IPv4Address(self.pg3.remote_ip4),
-                                    IPv4Address(self.pg0.local_ip4))
+        self.verify_exporter_detail(
+            exp, IPv4Address(self.pg3.remote_ip4), IPv4Address(self.pg0.local_ip4)
+        )
 
         # Delete 2nd exporter
         self.vapi.ipfix_exporter_create_delete(
@@ -160,19 +164,19 @@ class TestIpfixExporter(VppTestCase):
             collector_port=4739,
             path_mtu=mtu,
             template_interval=interval,
-            is_create=False)
+            is_create=False,
+        )
 
-        exporters = list(self.vapi.vpp.details_iter(
-            self.vapi.ipfix_all_exporter_get))
+        exporters = list(self.vapi.vpp.details_iter(self.vapi.ipfix_all_exporter_get))
         self.assertTrue(len(exporters) == 2)
         exp = self.find_exp_by_collector_addr(exporters, self.pg1.remote_ip4)
-        self.verify_exporter_detail(exp,
-                                    IPv4Address(self.pg1.remote_ip4),
-                                    IPv4Address(self.pg0.local_ip4))
+        self.verify_exporter_detail(
+            exp, IPv4Address(self.pg1.remote_ip4), IPv4Address(self.pg0.local_ip4)
+        )
         exp = self.find_exp_by_collector_addr(exporters, self.pg3.remote_ip4)
-        self.verify_exporter_detail(exp,
-                                    IPv4Address(self.pg3.remote_ip4),
-                                    IPv4Address(self.pg0.local_ip4))
+        self.verify_exporter_detail(
+            exp, IPv4Address(self.pg3.remote_ip4), IPv4Address(self.pg0.local_ip4)
+        )
 
         # Delete final exporter (exporter in slot 0 can not be deleted)
         self.vapi.ipfix_exporter_create_delete(
@@ -181,12 +185,12 @@ class TestIpfixExporter(VppTestCase):
             collector_port=4739,
             path_mtu=mtu,
             template_interval=interval,
-            is_create=False)
+            is_create=False,
+        )
 
-        exporters = list(self.vapi.vpp.details_iter(
-            self.vapi.ipfix_all_exporter_get))
+        exporters = list(self.vapi.vpp.details_iter(self.vapi.ipfix_all_exporter_get))
         self.assertTrue(len(exporters) == 1)
         exp = self.find_exp_by_collector_addr(exporters, self.pg1.remote_ip4)
-        self.verify_exporter_detail(exp,
-                                    IPv4Address(self.pg1.remote_ip4),
-                                    IPv4Address(self.pg0.local_ip4))
+        self.verify_exporter_detail(
+            exp, IPv4Address(self.pg1.remote_ip4), IPv4Address(self.pg0.local_ip4)
+        )
diff --git a/test/test_ipip.py b/test/test_ipip.py
index b1ea57d7e12..cbaedd51273 100644
--- a/test/test_ipip.py
+++ b/test/test_ipip.py
@@ -7,8 +7,15 @@ from scapy.contrib.mpls import MPLS
 from scapy.all import fragment, fragment6, RandShort, defragment6
 from framework import VppTestCase, VppTestRunner
 from vpp_ip import DpoProto
-from vpp_ip_route import VppIpRoute, VppRoutePath, VppIpTable, FibPathProto, \
-    VppMplsLabel, VppMplsRoute, VppMplsTable
+from vpp_ip_route import (
+    VppIpRoute,
+    VppRoutePath,
+    VppIpTable,
+    FibPathProto,
+    VppMplsLabel,
+    VppMplsRoute,
+    VppMplsTable,
+)
 from vpp_ipip_tun_interface import VppIpIpTunInterface
 from vpp_teib import VppTeib
 from vpp_papi import VppEnum
@@ -22,27 +29,27 @@ IPIP tests.
 """
 
 
-def ipip_add_tunnel(test, src, dst, table_id=0, dscp=0x0,
-                    flags=0):
-    """ Add a IPIP tunnel """
+def ipip_add_tunnel(test, src, dst, table_id=0, dscp=0x0, flags=0):
+    """Add a IPIP tunnel"""
     return test.vapi.ipip_add_tunnel(
         tunnel={
-            'src': src,
-            'dst': dst,
-            'table_id': table_id,
-            'instance': 0xffffffff,
-            'dscp': dscp,
-            'flags': flags
+            "src": src,
+            "dst": dst,
+            "table_id": table_id,
+            "instance": 0xFFFFFFFF,
+            "dscp": dscp,
+            "flags": flags,
         }
     )
 
+
 # the number of packets to send when injecting traffic.
 # a multiple of 8 minus one, so we test all by 8/4/2/1 loops
 N_PACKETS = 64 - 1
 
 
 class TestIPIP(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPIP Test Case """
+    """IPIP Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -88,21 +95,24 @@ class TestIPIP(VppTestCase):
         p_ether = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
         p_payload = UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) / self.payload(payload_length)
         p_ip4 = IP(src="1.2.3.4", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4)
-        outer_ip4 = (p_ether / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                  id=RandShort(),
-                                  dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) / p_ip4 / p_payload)
+        outer_ip4 = (
+            p_ether
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, id=RandShort(), dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+            / p_ip4
+            / p_payload
+        )
         frags = fragment(outer_ip4, fragment_size)
-        p4_reply = (p_ip4 / p_payload)
+        p4_reply = p_ip4 / p_payload
         p4_reply.ttl -= 1
         return frags, p4_reply
 
     def verify_ip4ip4_encaps(self, a, p_ip4s, p_ip4_encaps):
         for i, p_ip4 in enumerate(p_ip4s):
             p_ip4.dst = a
-            p4 = (self.p_ether / p_ip4 / self.p_payload)
+            p4 = self.p_ether / p_ip4 / self.p_payload
             p_ip4_inner = p_ip4
             p_ip4_inner.ttl -= 1
-            p4_reply = (p_ip4_encaps[i] / p_ip4_inner / self.p_payload)
+            p4_reply = p_ip4_encaps[i] / p_ip4_inner / self.p_payload
             p4_reply.ttl -= 1
             p4_reply.id = 0
             rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p4 * N_PACKETS, self.pg1)
@@ -113,10 +123,10 @@ class TestIPIP(VppTestCase):
     def verify_ip6ip4_encaps(self, a, p_ip6s, p_ip4_encaps):
         for i, p_ip6 in enumerate(p_ip6s):
             p_ip6.dst = a
-            p6 = (self.p_ether / p_ip6 / self.p_payload)
+            p6 = self.p_ether / p_ip6 / self.p_payload
             p_inner_ip6 = p_ip6
             p_inner_ip6.hlim -= 1
-            p6_reply = (p_ip4_encaps[i] / p_inner_ip6 / self.p_payload)
+            p6_reply = p_ip4_encaps[i] / p_inner_ip6 / self.p_payload
             p6_reply.ttl -= 1
             rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p6 * N_PACKETS, self.pg1)
             for p in rx:
@@ -124,14 +134,14 @@ class TestIPIP(VppTestCase):
                 self.assert_packet_checksums_valid(p)
 
     def test_ipip4(self):
-        """ ip{v4,v6} over ip4 test """
+        """ip{v4,v6} over ip4 test"""
 
         self.pg1.generate_remote_hosts(5)
         self.pg1.configure_ipv4_neighbors()
         e = VppEnum.vl_api_tunnel_encap_decap_flags_t
         d = VppEnum.vl_api_ip_dscp_t
         self.p_ether = Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
-        self.p_payload = UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) / Raw(b'X' * 100)
+        self.p_payload = UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) / Raw(b"X" * 100)
 
         # create a TOS byte by shifting a DSCP code point 2 bits. those 2 bits
         # are for the ECN.
@@ -145,7 +155,8 @@ class TestIPIP(VppTestCase):
             self.pg0,
             self.pg0.local_ip4,
             self.pg1.remote_hosts[0].ip4,
-            flags=e.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_COPY_DSCP)
+            flags=e.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_COPY_DSCP,
+        )
         tun_dscp.add_vpp_config()
         # IPv4 transport that copies the DCSP and ECN from the payload
         tun_dscp_ecn = VppIpIpTunInterface(
@@ -153,8 +164,11 @@ class TestIPIP(VppTestCase):
             self.pg0,
             self.pg0.local_ip4,
             self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
-            flags=(e.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_COPY_DSCP |
-                   e.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_COPY_ECN))
+            flags=(
+                e.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_COPY_DSCP
+                | e.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_COPY_ECN
+            ),
+        )
         tun_dscp_ecn.add_vpp_config()
         # IPv4 transport that copies the ECN from the payload and sets the
         # DF bit on encap. copies the ECN on decap
@@ -163,9 +177,12 @@ class TestIPIP(VppTestCase):
             self.pg0,
             self.pg0.local_ip4,
             self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].ip4,
-            flags=(e.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_COPY_ECN |
-                   e.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_SET_DF |
-                   e.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_DECAP_COPY_ECN))
+            flags=(
+                e.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_COPY_ECN
+                | e.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_SET_DF
+                | e.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_DECAP_COPY_ECN
+            ),
+        )
         tun_ecn.add_vpp_config()
         # IPv4 transport that sets a fixed DSCP in the encap and copies
         # the DF bit
@@ -175,7 +192,8 @@ class TestIPIP(VppTestCase):
             self.pg0.local_ip4,
             self.pg1.remote_hosts[3].ip4,
             dscp=d.IP_API_DSCP_AF11,
-            flags=e.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_COPY_DF)
+            flags=e.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_COPY_DF,
+        )
         tun.add_vpp_config()
 
         # array of all the tunnels
@@ -186,22 +204,26 @@ class TestIPIP(VppTestCase):
         a6s = ["" for i in range(len(tuns))]
 
         # IP headers with each combination of DSCp/ECN tested
-        p_ip6s = [IPv6(src="1::1", dst="DEAD::1", nh='UDP', tc=dscp),
-                  IPv6(src="1::1", dst="DEAD::1", nh='UDP', tc=dscp_ecn),
-                  IPv6(src="1::1", dst="DEAD::1", nh='UDP', tc=ecn),
-                  IPv6(src="1::1", dst="DEAD::1", nh='UDP', tc=0xff)]
-        p_ip4s = [IP(src="1.2.3.4", dst="130.67.0.1", tos=dscp, flags='DF'),
-                  IP(src="1.2.3.4", dst="130.67.0.1", tos=dscp_ecn),
-                  IP(src="1.2.3.4", dst="130.67.0.1", tos=ecn),
-                  IP(src="1.2.3.4", dst="130.67.0.1", tos=0xff)]
+        p_ip6s = [
+            IPv6(src="1::1", dst="DEAD::1", nh="UDP", tc=dscp),
+            IPv6(src="1::1", dst="DEAD::1", nh="UDP", tc=dscp_ecn),
+            IPv6(src="1::1", dst="DEAD::1", nh="UDP", tc=ecn),
+            IPv6(src="1::1", dst="DEAD::1", nh="UDP", tc=0xFF),
+        ]
+        p_ip4s = [
+            IP(src="1.2.3.4", dst="130.67.0.1", tos=dscp, flags="DF"),
+            IP(src="1.2.3.4", dst="130.67.0.1", tos=dscp_ecn),
+            IP(src="1.2.3.4", dst="130.67.0.1", tos=ecn),
+            IP(src="1.2.3.4", dst="130.67.0.1", tos=0xFF),
+        ]
 
         # Configure each tunnel
         for i, t in enumerate(tuns):
             # Set interface up and enable IP on it
             self.vapi.sw_interface_set_flags(t.sw_if_index, 1)
             self.vapi.sw_interface_set_unnumbered(
-                sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                unnumbered_sw_if_index=t.sw_if_index)
+                sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, unnumbered_sw_if_index=t.sw_if_index
+            )
 
             # prefix for route / destination address for packets
             a4s[i] = "130.67.%d.0" % i
@@ -209,17 +231,29 @@ class TestIPIP(VppTestCase):
 
             # Add IPv4 and IPv6 routes via tunnel interface
             ip4_via_tunnel = VppIpRoute(
-                self, a4s[i], 24,
-                [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                              t.sw_if_index,
-                              proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP4)])
+                self,
+                a4s[i],
+                24,
+                [
+                    VppRoutePath(
+                        "0.0.0.0",
+                        t.sw_if_index,
+                        proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP4,
+                    )
+                ],
+            )
             ip4_via_tunnel.add_vpp_config()
 
             ip6_via_tunnel = VppIpRoute(
-                self, a6s[i], 64,
-                [VppRoutePath("::",
-                              t.sw_if_index,
-                              proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6)])
+                self,
+                a6s[i],
+                64,
+                [
+                    VppRoutePath(
+                        "::", t.sw_if_index, proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6
+                    )
+                ],
+            )
             ip6_via_tunnel.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -229,13 +263,14 @@ class TestIPIP(VppTestCase):
         # tun_dscp copies only the dscp
         # expected TC values are thus only the DCSP value is present from the
         # inner
-        exp_tcs = [dscp, dscp, 0, 0xfc]
-        p_ip44_encaps = [IP(src=self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                            dst=tun_dscp.dst,
-                            tos=tc) for tc in exp_tcs]
-        p_ip64_encaps = [IP(src=self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                            dst=tun_dscp.dst,
-                            proto='ipv6', id=0, tos=tc) for tc in exp_tcs]
+        exp_tcs = [dscp, dscp, 0, 0xFC]
+        p_ip44_encaps = [
+            IP(src=self.pg0.local_ip4, dst=tun_dscp.dst, tos=tc) for tc in exp_tcs
+        ]
+        p_ip64_encaps = [
+            IP(src=self.pg0.local_ip4, dst=tun_dscp.dst, proto="ipv6", id=0, tos=tc)
+            for tc in exp_tcs
+        ]
 
         # IPv4 in to IPv4 tunnel
         self.verify_ip4ip4_encaps(a4s[0], p_ip4s, p_ip44_encaps)
@@ -243,41 +278,50 @@ class TestIPIP(VppTestCase):
         self.verify_ip6ip4_encaps(a6s[0], p_ip6s, p_ip64_encaps)
 
         # tun_dscp_ecn copies the dscp and the ecn
-        exp_tcs = [dscp, dscp_ecn, ecn, 0xff]
-        p_ip44_encaps = [IP(src=self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                            dst=tun_dscp_ecn.dst,
-                            tos=tc) for tc in exp_tcs]
-        p_ip64_encaps = [IP(src=self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                            dst=tun_dscp_ecn.dst,
-                            proto='ipv6', id=0, tos=tc) for tc in exp_tcs]
+        exp_tcs = [dscp, dscp_ecn, ecn, 0xFF]
+        p_ip44_encaps = [
+            IP(src=self.pg0.local_ip4, dst=tun_dscp_ecn.dst, tos=tc) for tc in exp_tcs
+        ]
+        p_ip64_encaps = [
+            IP(src=self.pg0.local_ip4, dst=tun_dscp_ecn.dst, proto="ipv6", id=0, tos=tc)
+            for tc in exp_tcs
+        ]
 
         self.verify_ip4ip4_encaps(a4s[1], p_ip4s, p_ip44_encaps)
         self.verify_ip6ip4_encaps(a6s[1], p_ip6s, p_ip64_encaps)
 
         # tun_ecn copies only the ecn and always sets DF
         exp_tcs = [0, ecn, ecn, ecn]
-        p_ip44_encaps = [IP(src=self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                            dst=tun_ecn.dst,
-                            flags='DF', tos=tc) for tc in exp_tcs]
-        p_ip64_encaps = [IP(src=self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                            dst=tun_ecn.dst,
-                            flags='DF', proto='ipv6', id=0, tos=tc)
-                         for tc in exp_tcs]
+        p_ip44_encaps = [
+            IP(src=self.pg0.local_ip4, dst=tun_ecn.dst, flags="DF", tos=tc)
+            for tc in exp_tcs
+        ]
+        p_ip64_encaps = [
+            IP(
+                src=self.pg0.local_ip4,
+                dst=tun_ecn.dst,
+                flags="DF",
+                proto="ipv6",
+                id=0,
+                tos=tc,
+            )
+            for tc in exp_tcs
+        ]
 
         self.verify_ip4ip4_encaps(a4s[2], p_ip4s, p_ip44_encaps)
         self.verify_ip6ip4_encaps(a6s[2], p_ip6s, p_ip64_encaps)
 
         # tun sets a fixed dscp and copies DF
         fixed_dscp = tun.dscp << 2
-        flags = ['DF', 0, 0, 0]
-        p_ip44_encaps = [IP(src=self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                            dst=tun.dst,
-                            flags=f,
-                            tos=fixed_dscp) for f in flags]
-        p_ip64_encaps = [IP(src=self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                            dst=tun.dst,
-                            proto='ipv6', id=0,
-                            tos=fixed_dscp) for i in range(len(p_ip4s))]
+        flags = ["DF", 0, 0, 0]
+        p_ip44_encaps = [
+            IP(src=self.pg0.local_ip4, dst=tun.dst, flags=f, tos=fixed_dscp)
+            for f in flags
+        ]
+        p_ip64_encaps = [
+            IP(src=self.pg0.local_ip4, dst=tun.dst, proto="ipv6", id=0, tos=fixed_dscp)
+            for i in range(len(p_ip4s))
+        ]
 
         self.verify_ip4ip4_encaps(a4s[3], p_ip4s, p_ip44_encaps)
         self.verify_ip6ip4_encaps(a6s[3], p_ip6s, p_ip64_encaps)
@@ -293,15 +337,13 @@ class TestIPIP(VppTestCase):
 
         # one overlay packet and all combinations of its encap
         p_ip4 = IP(src="1.2.3.4", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4)
-        p_ip4_encaps = [IP(src=tun.dst,
-                           dst=self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                           tos=tc) for tc in tcs]
+        p_ip4_encaps = [IP(src=tun.dst, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4, tos=tc) for tc in tcs]
 
         # for each encap tun will produce the same inner packet because it does
         # not copy up fields from the payload
         for p_ip4_encap in p_ip4_encaps:
-            p4 = (self.p_ether / p_ip4_encap / p_ip4 / self.p_payload)
-            p4_reply = (p_ip4 / self.p_payload)
+            p4 = self.p_ether / p_ip4_encap / p_ip4 / self.p_payload
+            p4_reply = p_ip4 / self.p_payload
             p4_reply.ttl -= 1
             rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p4 * N_PACKETS, self.pg0)
             n_packets_decapped += N_PACKETS
@@ -309,20 +351,19 @@ class TestIPIP(VppTestCase):
                 self.validate(p[1], p4_reply)
                 self.assert_packet_checksums_valid(p)
 
-        err = self.statistics.get_err_counter(
-            '/err/ipip4-input/packets decapsulated')
+        err = self.statistics.get_err_counter("/err/ipip4-input/packets decapsulated")
         self.assertEqual(err, n_packets_decapped)
 
         # tun_ecn copies the ECN bits from the encap to the inner
-        p_ip4_encaps = [IP(src=tun_ecn.dst,
-                           dst=self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                           tos=tc) for tc in tcs]
+        p_ip4_encaps = [
+            IP(src=tun_ecn.dst, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4, tos=tc) for tc in tcs
+        ]
         p_ip4_replys = [p_ip4.copy() for i in range(len(p_ip4_encaps))]
         p_ip4_replys[2].tos = ecn
         p_ip4_replys[3].tos = ecn
         for i, p_ip4_encap in enumerate(p_ip4_encaps):
-            p4 = (self.p_ether / p_ip4_encap / p_ip4 / self.p_payload)
-            p4_reply = (p_ip4_replys[i] / self.p_payload)
+            p4 = self.p_ether / p_ip4_encap / p_ip4 / self.p_payload
+            p4_reply = p_ip4_replys[i] / self.p_payload
             p4_reply.ttl -= 1
             rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p4 * N_PACKETS, self.pg0)
             n_packets_decapped += N_PACKETS
@@ -330,22 +371,17 @@ class TestIPIP(VppTestCase):
                 self.validate(p[1], p4_reply)
                 self.assert_packet_checksums_valid(p)
 
-        err = self.statistics.get_err_counter(
-            '/err/ipip4-input/packets decapsulated')
+        err = self.statistics.get_err_counter("/err/ipip4-input/packets decapsulated")
         self.assertEqual(err, n_packets_decapped)
 
         # IPv4 tunnel to IPv6
         # for each encap tun will produce the same inner packet because it does
         # not copy up fields from the payload
-        p_ip4_encaps = [IP(src=tun.dst,
-                           dst=self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                           tos=tc) for tc in tcs]
+        p_ip4_encaps = [IP(src=tun.dst, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4, tos=tc) for tc in tcs]
         p_ip6 = IPv6(src="1:2:3::4", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6)
         for p_ip4_encap in p_ip4_encaps:
-            p6 = (self.p_ether /
-                  p_ip4_encap / p_ip6 /
-                  self.p_payload)
-            p6_reply = (p_ip6 / self.p_payload)
+            p6 = self.p_ether / p_ip4_encap / p_ip6 / self.p_payload
+            p6_reply = p_ip6 / self.p_payload
             p6_reply.hlim = 63
             rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p6 * N_PACKETS, self.pg0)
             n_packets_decapped += N_PACKETS
@@ -353,22 +389,21 @@ class TestIPIP(VppTestCase):
                 self.validate(p[1], p6_reply)
                 self.assert_packet_checksums_valid(p)
 
-        err = self.statistics.get_err_counter(
-            '/err/ipip4-input/packets decapsulated')
+        err = self.statistics.get_err_counter("/err/ipip4-input/packets decapsulated")
         self.assertEqual(err, n_packets_decapped)
 
         # IPv4 tunnel to IPv6
         # tun_ecn copies the ECN bits from the encap to the inner
-        p_ip4_encaps = [IP(src=tun_ecn.dst,
-                           dst=self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                           tos=tc) for tc in tcs]
+        p_ip4_encaps = [
+            IP(src=tun_ecn.dst, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4, tos=tc) for tc in tcs
+        ]
         p_ip6 = IPv6(src="1:2:3::4", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6)
         p_ip6_replys = [p_ip6.copy() for i in range(len(p_ip4_encaps))]
         p_ip6_replys[2].tc = ecn
         p_ip6_replys[3].tc = ecn
         for i, p_ip4_encap in enumerate(p_ip4_encaps):
-            p6 = (self.p_ether / p_ip4_encap / p_ip6 / self.p_payload)
-            p6_reply = (p_ip6_replys[i] / self.p_payload)
+            p6 = self.p_ether / p_ip4_encap / p_ip6 / self.p_payload
+            p6_reply = p_ip6_replys[i] / self.p_payload
             p6_reply.hlim = 63
             rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p6 * N_PACKETS, self.pg0)
             n_packets_decapped += N_PACKETS
@@ -376,21 +411,23 @@ class TestIPIP(VppTestCase):
                 self.validate(p[1], p6_reply)
                 self.assert_packet_checksums_valid(p)
 
-        err = self.statistics.get_err_counter(
-            '/err/ipip4-input/packets decapsulated')
+        err = self.statistics.get_err_counter("/err/ipip4-input/packets decapsulated")
         self.assertEqual(err, n_packets_decapped)
 
         #
         # Fragmentation / Reassembly and Re-fragmentation
         #
         rv = self.vapi.ip_reassembly_enable_disable(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            enable_ip4=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, enable_ip4=1
+        )
 
-        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(timeout_ms=1000, max_reassemblies=1000,
-                                    max_reassembly_length=1000,
-                                    expire_walk_interval_ms=10000,
-                                    is_ip6=0)
+        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(
+            timeout_ms=1000,
+            max_reassemblies=1000,
+            max_reassembly_length=1000,
+            expire_walk_interval_ms=10000,
+            is_ip6=0,
+        )
 
         # Send lots of fragments, verify reassembled packet
         frags, p4_reply = self.generate_ip4_frags(3131, 1400)
@@ -406,8 +443,7 @@ class TestIPIP(VppTestCase):
         for p in rx:
             self.validate(p[1], p4_reply)
 
-        err = self.statistics.get_err_counter(
-            '/err/ipip4-input/packets decapsulated')
+        err = self.statistics.get_err_counter("/err/ipip4-input/packets decapsulated")
         self.assertEqual(err, n_packets_decapped)
 
         f = []
@@ -453,9 +489,12 @@ class TestIPIP(VppTestCase):
         # send large packets through the tunnel, expect them to be fragmented
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(tun_dscp.sw_if_index, [600, 0, 0, 0])
 
-        p4 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-              IP(src="1.2.3.4", dst="130.67.0.1", tos=42) /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) / Raw(b'Q' * 1000))
+        p4 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src="1.2.3.4", dst="130.67.0.1", tos=42)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"Q" * 1000)
+        )
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p4 * 15, self.pg1, 30)
         inners = []
         for p in rx:
@@ -466,25 +505,25 @@ class TestIPIP(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(p[IP].ttl, 63)
 
     def test_ipip_create(self):
-        """ ipip create / delete interface test """
-        rv = ipip_add_tunnel(self, '1.2.3.4', '2.3.4.5')
+        """ipip create / delete interface test"""
+        rv = ipip_add_tunnel(self, "1.2.3.4", "2.3.4.5")
         sw_if_index = rv.sw_if_index
         self.vapi.ipip_del_tunnel(sw_if_index)
 
     def test_ipip_vrf_create(self):
-        """ ipip create / delete interface VRF test """
+        """ipip create / delete interface VRF test"""
 
         t = VppIpTable(self, 20)
         t.add_vpp_config()
-        rv = ipip_add_tunnel(self, '1.2.3.4', '2.3.4.5', table_id=20)
+        rv = ipip_add_tunnel(self, "1.2.3.4", "2.3.4.5", table_id=20)
         sw_if_index = rv.sw_if_index
         self.vapi.ipip_del_tunnel(sw_if_index)
 
     def payload(self, len):
-        return 'x' * len
+        return "x" * len
 
     def test_mipip4(self):
-        """ p2mp IPv4 tunnel Tests """
+        """p2mp IPv4 tunnel Tests"""
 
         for itf in self.pg_interfaces[:2]:
             #
@@ -499,11 +538,13 @@ class TestIPIP(VppTestCase):
             #  - assign an IP Addres
             #  - Add a route via the tunnel
             #
-            ipip_if = VppIpIpTunInterface(self, itf,
-                                          itf.local_ip4,
-                                          "0.0.0.0",
-                                          mode=(VppEnum.vl_api_tunnel_mode_t.
-                                                TUNNEL_API_MODE_MP))
+            ipip_if = VppIpIpTunInterface(
+                self,
+                itf,
+                itf.local_ip4,
+                "0.0.0.0",
+                mode=(VppEnum.vl_api_tunnel_mode_t.TUNNEL_API_MODE_MP),
+            )
             ipip_if.add_vpp_config()
             ipip_if.admin_up()
             ipip_if.config_ip4()
@@ -533,31 +574,40 @@ class TestIPIP(VppTestCase):
                 # route traffic via the peer
                 #
                 route_via_tun = VppIpRoute(
-                    self, route_addr, 32,
-                    [VppRoutePath(ipip_if._remote_hosts[ii].ip4,
-                                  ipip_if.sw_if_index)])
+                    self,
+                    route_addr,
+                    32,
+                    [VppRoutePath(ipip_if._remote_hosts[ii].ip4, ipip_if.sw_if_index)],
+                )
                 route_via_tun.add_vpp_config()
 
                 #
                 # Add a TEIB entry resolves the peer
                 #
-                teib = VppTeib(self, ipip_if,
-                               ipip_if._remote_hosts[ii].ip4,
-                               itf._remote_hosts[ii].ip4)
+                teib = VppTeib(
+                    self,
+                    ipip_if,
+                    ipip_if._remote_hosts[ii].ip4,
+                    itf._remote_hosts[ii].ip4,
+                )
                 teib.add_vpp_config()
-                self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh adj nbr ipip0 %s" %
-                                               ipip_if._remote_hosts[ii].ip4))
+                self.logger.info(
+                    self.vapi.cli("sh adj nbr ipip0 %s" % ipip_if._remote_hosts[ii].ip4)
+                )
 
                 #
                 # Send a packet stream that is routed into the tunnel
                 #  - packets are IPIP encapped
                 #
-                inner = (IP(dst=route_addr, src="5.5.5.5") /
-                         UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                         Raw(b'0x44' * 100))
-                tx_e = [(Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                               src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                         inner) for x in range(63)]
+                inner = (
+                    IP(dst=route_addr, src="5.5.5.5")
+                    / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                    / Raw(b"0x44" * 100)
+                )
+                tx_e = [
+                    (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) / inner)
+                    for x in range(63)
+                ]
 
                 rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx_e, itf)
 
@@ -565,13 +615,16 @@ class TestIPIP(VppTestCase):
                     self.assertEqual(rx[IP].src, itf.local_ip4)
                     self.assertEqual(rx[IP].dst, itf._remote_hosts[ii].ip4)
 
-                tx_i = [(Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                               src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                         IP(src=itf._remote_hosts[ii].ip4,
-                            dst=itf.local_ip4) /
-                         IP(src=self.pg0.local_ip4, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4) /
-                         UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                         Raw(b'0x44' * 100)) for x in range(63)]
+                tx_i = [
+                    (
+                        Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+                        / IP(src=itf._remote_hosts[ii].ip4, dst=itf.local_ip4)
+                        / IP(src=self.pg0.local_ip4, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+                        / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                        / Raw(b"0x44" * 100)
+                    )
+                    for x in range(63)
+                ]
 
                 self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh ipip tunnel-hash"))
                 rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx_i, self.pg0)
@@ -593,12 +646,15 @@ class TestIPIP(VppTestCase):
                 #
                 # we can also send to the peer's address
                 #
-                inner = (IP(dst=teib.peer, src="5.5.5.5") /
-                         UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                         Raw(b'0x44' * 100))
-                tx_e = [(Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                               src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                         inner) for x in range(63)]
+                inner = (
+                    IP(dst=teib.peer, src="5.5.5.5")
+                    / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                    / Raw(b"0x44" * 100)
+                )
+                tx_e = [
+                    (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) / inner)
+                    for x in range(63)
+                ]
 
                 rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx_e, itf)
 
@@ -616,12 +672,15 @@ class TestIPIP(VppTestCase):
             #
             # we should still be able to reach the peers from the new table
             #
-            inner = (IP(dst=teib.peer, src="5.5.5.5") /
-                     UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                     Raw(b'0x44' * 100))
-            tx_e = [(Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                           src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                     inner) for x in range(63)]
+            inner = (
+                IP(dst=teib.peer, src="5.5.5.5")
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"0x44" * 100)
+            )
+            tx_e = [
+                (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) / inner)
+                for x in range(63)
+            ]
 
             rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, tx_e, itf)
 
@@ -631,7 +690,7 @@ class TestIPIP(VppTestCase):
 
 
 class TestIPIP6(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPIP6 Test Case """
+    """IPIP6 Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -665,30 +724,34 @@ class TestIPIP6(VppTestCase):
 
     def setup_tunnel(self):
         # IPv6 transport
-        rv = ipip_add_tunnel(self,
-                             self.pg0.local_ip6,
-                             self.pg1.remote_ip6)
+        rv = ipip_add_tunnel(self, self.pg0.local_ip6, self.pg1.remote_ip6)
 
         sw_if_index = rv.sw_if_index
         self.tunnel_if_index = sw_if_index
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_flags(sw_if_index, 1)
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_unnumbered(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            unnumbered_sw_if_index=sw_if_index)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, unnumbered_sw_if_index=sw_if_index
+        )
 
         # Add IPv4 and IPv6 routes via tunnel interface
         ip4_via_tunnel = VppIpRoute(
-            self, "130.67.0.0", 16,
-            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                          sw_if_index,
-                          proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP4)])
+            self,
+            "130.67.0.0",
+            16,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "0.0.0.0", sw_if_index, proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP4
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         ip4_via_tunnel.add_vpp_config()
 
         ip6_via_tunnel = VppIpRoute(
-            self, "dead::", 16,
-            [VppRoutePath("::",
-                          sw_if_index,
-                          proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6)])
+            self,
+            "dead::",
+            16,
+            [VppRoutePath("::", sw_if_index, proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6)],
+        )
         ip6_via_tunnel.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.tunnel_ip6_via_tunnel = ip6_via_tunnel
@@ -708,11 +771,15 @@ class TestIPIP6(VppTestCase):
         p_ether = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
         p_payload = UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) / self.payload(payload_length)
         p_ip6 = IPv6(src="1::1", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6)
-        outer_ip6 = (p_ether / IPv6(src=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                                    dst=self.pg0.local_ip6) /
-                     IPv6ExtHdrFragment() / p_ip6 / p_payload)
+        outer_ip6 = (
+            p_ether
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg1.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6)
+            / IPv6ExtHdrFragment()
+            / p_ip6
+            / p_payload
+        )
         frags = fragment6(outer_ip6, fragment_size)
-        p6_reply = (p_ip6 / p_payload)
+        p6_reply = p_ip6 / p_payload
         p6_reply.hlim -= 1
         return frags, p6_reply
 
@@ -720,58 +787,73 @@ class TestIPIP6(VppTestCase):
         p_ether = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
         p_payload = UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) / self.payload(payload_length)
         p_ip6 = IPv6(src="1::1", dst="dead::1")
-        outer_ip6 = (p_ether / IPv6(src=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                                    dst=self.pg0.local_ip6) /
-                     IPv6ExtHdrFragment() / p_ip6 / p_payload)
+        outer_ip6 = (
+            p_ether
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg1.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6)
+            / IPv6ExtHdrFragment()
+            / p_ip6
+            / p_payload
+        )
         frags = fragment6(outer_ip6, fragment_size)
         p_ip6.hlim -= 1
-        p6_reply = (IPv6(src=self.pg0.local_ip6, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                         hlim=63) / p_ip6 / p_payload)
+        p6_reply = (
+            IPv6(src=self.pg0.local_ip6, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6, hlim=63)
+            / p_ip6
+            / p_payload
+        )
 
         return frags, p6_reply
 
     def test_encap(self):
-        """ ip{v4,v6} over ip6 test encap """
+        """ip{v4,v6} over ip6 test encap"""
         p_ether = Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
-        p_ip6 = IPv6(src="1::1", dst="DEAD::1", tc=42, nh='UDP')
+        p_ip6 = IPv6(src="1::1", dst="DEAD::1", tc=42, nh="UDP")
         p_ip4 = IP(src="1.2.3.4", dst="130.67.0.1", tos=42)
         p_payload = UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
 
         # Encapsulation
         # IPv6 in to IPv6 tunnel
-        p6 = (p_ether / p_ip6 / p_payload)
-        p6_reply = (IPv6(src=self.pg0.local_ip6, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                         hlim=64) /
-                    p_ip6 / p_payload)
+        p6 = p_ether / p_ip6 / p_payload
+        p6_reply = (
+            IPv6(src=self.pg0.local_ip6, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6, hlim=64)
+            / p_ip6
+            / p_payload
+        )
         p6_reply[1].hlim -= 1
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p6 * 11, self.pg1)
         for p in rx:
             self.validate(p[1], p6_reply)
 
         # IPv4 in to IPv6 tunnel
-        p4 = (p_ether / p_ip4 / p_payload)
-        p4_reply = (IPv6(src=self.pg0.local_ip6,
-                         dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6, hlim=64) /
-                    p_ip4 / p_payload)
+        p4 = p_ether / p_ip4 / p_payload
+        p4_reply = (
+            IPv6(src=self.pg0.local_ip6, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6, hlim=64)
+            / p_ip4
+            / p_payload
+        )
         p4_reply[1].ttl -= 1
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p4 * 11, self.pg1)
         for p in rx:
             self.validate(p[1], p4_reply)
 
     def test_decap(self):
-        """ ip{v4,v6} over ip6 test decap """
+        """ip{v4,v6} over ip6 test decap"""
 
         p_ether = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
-        p_ip6 = IPv6(src="1::1", dst="DEAD::1", tc=42, nh='UDP')
+        p_ip6 = IPv6(src="1::1", dst="DEAD::1", tc=42, nh="UDP")
         p_ip4 = IP(src="1.2.3.4", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4)
         p_payload = UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
 
         # Decapsulation
         # IPv6 tunnel to IPv4
 
-        p4 = (p_ether / IPv6(src=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                             dst=self.pg0.local_ip6) / p_ip4 / p_payload)
-        p4_reply = (p_ip4 / p_payload)
+        p4 = (
+            p_ether
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg1.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6)
+            / p_ip4
+            / p_payload
+        )
+        p4_reply = p_ip4 / p_payload
         p4_reply.ttl -= 1
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p4 * 11, self.pg0)
         for p in rx:
@@ -779,9 +861,13 @@ class TestIPIP6(VppTestCase):
 
         # IPv6 tunnel to IPv6
         p_ip6 = IPv6(src="1:2:3::4", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6)
-        p6 = (p_ether / IPv6(src=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                             dst=self.pg0.local_ip6) / p_ip6 / p_payload)
-        p6_reply = (p_ip6 / p_payload)
+        p6 = (
+            p_ether
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg1.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6)
+            / p_ip6
+            / p_payload
+        )
+        p6_reply = p_ip6 / p_payload
         p6_reply.hlim = 63
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p6 * 11, self.pg0)
         for p in rx:
@@ -790,10 +876,10 @@ class TestIPIP6(VppTestCase):
     def verify_ip4ip6_encaps(self, a, p_ip4s, p_ip6_encaps):
         for i, p_ip4 in enumerate(p_ip4s):
             p_ip4.dst = a
-            p4 = (self.p_ether / p_ip4 / self.p_payload)
+            p4 = self.p_ether / p_ip4 / self.p_payload
             p_ip4_inner = p_ip4
             p_ip4_inner.ttl -= 1
-            p6_reply = (p_ip6_encaps[i] / p_ip4_inner / self.p_payload)
+            p6_reply = p_ip6_encaps[i] / p_ip4_inner / self.p_payload
             rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p4 * N_PACKETS, self.pg1)
             for p in rx:
                 self.validate(p[1], p6_reply)
@@ -802,17 +888,17 @@ class TestIPIP6(VppTestCase):
     def verify_ip6ip6_encaps(self, a, p_ip6s, p_ip6_encaps):
         for i, p_ip6 in enumerate(p_ip6s):
             p_ip6.dst = a
-            p6 = (self.p_ether / p_ip6 / self.p_payload)
+            p6 = self.p_ether / p_ip6 / self.p_payload
             p_inner_ip6 = p_ip6
             p_inner_ip6.hlim -= 1
-            p6_reply = (p_ip6_encaps[i] / p_inner_ip6 / self.p_payload)
+            p6_reply = p_ip6_encaps[i] / p_inner_ip6 / self.p_payload
             rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p6 * N_PACKETS, self.pg1)
             for p in rx:
                 self.validate(p[1], p6_reply)
                 self.assert_packet_checksums_valid(p)
 
     def test_ipip6(self):
-        """ ip{v4,v6} over ip6 test """
+        """ip{v4,v6} over ip6 test"""
 
         # that's annoying
         self.destroy_tunnel()
@@ -822,7 +908,7 @@ class TestIPIP6(VppTestCase):
         e = VppEnum.vl_api_tunnel_encap_decap_flags_t
         d = VppEnum.vl_api_ip_dscp_t
         self.p_ether = Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
-        self.p_payload = UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) / Raw(b'X' * 100)
+        self.p_payload = UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) / Raw(b"X" * 100)
 
         # create a TOS byte by shifting a DSCP code point 2 bits. those 2 bits
         # are for the ECN.
@@ -836,7 +922,8 @@ class TestIPIP6(VppTestCase):
             self.pg0,
             self.pg0.local_ip6,
             self.pg1.remote_hosts[0].ip6,
-            flags=e.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_COPY_DSCP)
+            flags=e.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_COPY_DSCP,
+        )
         tun_dscp.add_vpp_config()
         # IPv4 transport that copies the DCSP and ECN from the payload
         tun_dscp_ecn = VppIpIpTunInterface(
@@ -844,8 +931,11 @@ class TestIPIP6(VppTestCase):
             self.pg0,
             self.pg0.local_ip6,
             self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip6,
-            flags=(e.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_COPY_DSCP |
-                   e.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_COPY_ECN))
+            flags=(
+                e.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_COPY_DSCP
+                | e.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_COPY_ECN
+            ),
+        )
         tun_dscp_ecn.add_vpp_config()
         # IPv4 transport that copies the ECN from the payload and sets the
         # DF bit on encap. copies the ECN on decap
@@ -854,9 +944,12 @@ class TestIPIP6(VppTestCase):
             self.pg0,
             self.pg0.local_ip6,
             self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].ip6,
-            flags=(e.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_COPY_ECN |
-                   e.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_SET_DF |
-                   e.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_DECAP_COPY_ECN))
+            flags=(
+                e.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_COPY_ECN
+                | e.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_SET_DF
+                | e.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_DECAP_COPY_ECN
+            ),
+        )
         tun_ecn.add_vpp_config()
         # IPv4 transport that sets a fixed DSCP in the encap and copies
         # the DF bit
@@ -866,7 +959,8 @@ class TestIPIP6(VppTestCase):
             self.pg0.local_ip6,
             self.pg1.remote_hosts[3].ip6,
             dscp=d.IP_API_DSCP_AF11,
-            flags=e.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_COPY_DF)
+            flags=e.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_COPY_DF,
+        )
         tun.add_vpp_config()
 
         # array of all the tunnels
@@ -877,22 +971,26 @@ class TestIPIP6(VppTestCase):
         a6s = ["" for i in range(len(tuns))]
 
         # IP headers for inner packets with each combination of DSCp/ECN tested
-        p_ip6s = [IPv6(src="1::1", dst="DEAD::1", nh='UDP', tc=dscp),
-                  IPv6(src="1::1", dst="DEAD::1", nh='UDP', tc=dscp_ecn),
-                  IPv6(src="1::1", dst="DEAD::1", nh='UDP', tc=ecn),
-                  IPv6(src="1::1", dst="DEAD::1", nh='UDP', tc=0xff)]
-        p_ip4s = [IP(src="1.2.3.4", dst="130.67.0.1", tos=dscp, flags='DF'),
-                  IP(src="1.2.3.4", dst="130.67.0.1", tos=dscp_ecn),
-                  IP(src="1.2.3.4", dst="130.67.0.1", tos=ecn),
-                  IP(src="1.2.3.4", dst="130.67.0.1", tos=0xff)]
+        p_ip6s = [
+            IPv6(src="1::1", dst="DEAD::1", nh="UDP", tc=dscp),
+            IPv6(src="1::1", dst="DEAD::1", nh="UDP", tc=dscp_ecn),
+            IPv6(src="1::1", dst="DEAD::1", nh="UDP", tc=ecn),
+            IPv6(src="1::1", dst="DEAD::1", nh="UDP", tc=0xFF),
+        ]
+        p_ip4s = [
+            IP(src="1.2.3.4", dst="130.67.0.1", tos=dscp, flags="DF"),
+            IP(src="1.2.3.4", dst="130.67.0.1", tos=dscp_ecn),
+            IP(src="1.2.3.4", dst="130.67.0.1", tos=ecn),
+            IP(src="1.2.3.4", dst="130.67.0.1", tos=0xFF),
+        ]
 
         # Configure each tunnel
         for i, t in enumerate(tuns):
             # Set interface up and enable IP on it
             self.vapi.sw_interface_set_flags(t.sw_if_index, 1)
             self.vapi.sw_interface_set_unnumbered(
-                sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                unnumbered_sw_if_index=t.sw_if_index)
+                sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, unnumbered_sw_if_index=t.sw_if_index
+            )
 
             # prefix for route / destination address for packets
             a4s[i] = "130.67.%d.0" % i
@@ -900,17 +998,29 @@ class TestIPIP6(VppTestCase):
 
             # Add IPv4 and IPv6 routes via tunnel interface
             ip4_via_tunnel = VppIpRoute(
-                self, a4s[i], 24,
-                [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                              t.sw_if_index,
-                              proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP4)])
+                self,
+                a4s[i],
+                24,
+                [
+                    VppRoutePath(
+                        "0.0.0.0",
+                        t.sw_if_index,
+                        proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP4,
+                    )
+                ],
+            )
             ip4_via_tunnel.add_vpp_config()
 
             ip6_via_tunnel = VppIpRoute(
-                self, a6s[i], 64,
-                [VppRoutePath("::",
-                              t.sw_if_index,
-                              proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6)])
+                self,
+                a6s[i],
+                64,
+                [
+                    VppRoutePath(
+                        "::", t.sw_if_index, proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6
+                    )
+                ],
+            )
             ip6_via_tunnel.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -920,10 +1030,10 @@ class TestIPIP6(VppTestCase):
         # tun_dscp copies only the dscp
         # expected TC values are thus only the DCSP value is present from the
         # inner
-        exp_tcs = [dscp, dscp, 0, 0xfc]
-        p_ip6_encaps = [IPv6(src=self.pg0.local_ip6,
-                             dst=tun_dscp.dst,
-                             tc=tc) for tc in exp_tcs]
+        exp_tcs = [dscp, dscp, 0, 0xFC]
+        p_ip6_encaps = [
+            IPv6(src=self.pg0.local_ip6, dst=tun_dscp.dst, tc=tc) for tc in exp_tcs
+        ]
 
         # IPv4 in to IPv4 tunnel
         self.verify_ip4ip6_encaps(a4s[0], p_ip4s, p_ip6_encaps)
@@ -931,28 +1041,29 @@ class TestIPIP6(VppTestCase):
         self.verify_ip6ip6_encaps(a6s[0], p_ip6s, p_ip6_encaps)
 
         # tun_dscp_ecn copies the dscp and the ecn
-        exp_tcs = [dscp, dscp_ecn, ecn, 0xff]
-        p_ip6_encaps = [IPv6(src=self.pg0.local_ip6,
-                             dst=tun_dscp_ecn.dst,
-                             tc=tc) for tc in exp_tcs]
+        exp_tcs = [dscp, dscp_ecn, ecn, 0xFF]
+        p_ip6_encaps = [
+            IPv6(src=self.pg0.local_ip6, dst=tun_dscp_ecn.dst, tc=tc) for tc in exp_tcs
+        ]
 
         self.verify_ip4ip6_encaps(a4s[1], p_ip4s, p_ip6_encaps)
         self.verify_ip6ip6_encaps(a6s[1], p_ip6s, p_ip6_encaps)
 
         # tun_ecn copies only the ecn and always sets DF
         exp_tcs = [0, ecn, ecn, ecn]
-        p_ip6_encaps = [IPv6(src=self.pg0.local_ip6,
-                             dst=tun_ecn.dst,
-                             tc=tc) for tc in exp_tcs]
+        p_ip6_encaps = [
+            IPv6(src=self.pg0.local_ip6, dst=tun_ecn.dst, tc=tc) for tc in exp_tcs
+        ]
 
         self.verify_ip4ip6_encaps(a4s[2], p_ip4s, p_ip6_encaps)
         self.verify_ip6ip6_encaps(a6s[2], p_ip6s, p_ip6_encaps)
 
         # tun sets a fixed dscp
         fixed_dscp = tun.dscp << 2
-        p_ip6_encaps = [IPv6(src=self.pg0.local_ip6,
-                             dst=tun.dst,
-                             tc=fixed_dscp) for i in range(len(p_ip4s))]
+        p_ip6_encaps = [
+            IPv6(src=self.pg0.local_ip6, dst=tun.dst, tc=fixed_dscp)
+            for i in range(len(p_ip4s))
+        ]
 
         self.verify_ip4ip6_encaps(a4s[3], p_ip4s, p_ip6_encaps)
         self.verify_ip6ip6_encaps(a6s[3], p_ip6s, p_ip6_encaps)
@@ -961,7 +1072,8 @@ class TestIPIP6(VppTestCase):
         # Decapsulation
         #
         n_packets_decapped = self.statistics.get_err_counter(
-            '/err/ipip6-input/packets decapsulated')
+            "/err/ipip6-input/packets decapsulated"
+        )
 
         self.p_ether = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
 
@@ -970,15 +1082,13 @@ class TestIPIP6(VppTestCase):
 
         # one overlay packet and all combinations of its encap
         p_ip4 = IP(src="1.2.3.4", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4)
-        p_ip6_encaps = [IPv6(src=tun.dst,
-                             dst=self.pg0.local_ip6,
-                             tc=tc) for tc in tcs]
+        p_ip6_encaps = [IPv6(src=tun.dst, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6, tc=tc) for tc in tcs]
 
         # for each encap tun will produce the same inner packet because it does
         # not copy up fields from the payload
         for p_ip6_encap in p_ip6_encaps:
-            p6 = (self.p_ether / p_ip6_encap / p_ip4 / self.p_payload)
-            p4_reply = (p_ip4 / self.p_payload)
+            p6 = self.p_ether / p_ip6_encap / p_ip4 / self.p_payload
+            p4_reply = p_ip4 / self.p_payload
             p4_reply.ttl -= 1
             rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p6 * N_PACKETS, self.pg0)
             n_packets_decapped += N_PACKETS
@@ -986,20 +1096,19 @@ class TestIPIP6(VppTestCase):
                 self.validate(p[1], p4_reply)
                 self.assert_packet_checksums_valid(p)
 
-        err = self.statistics.get_err_counter(
-            '/err/ipip6-input/packets decapsulated')
+        err = self.statistics.get_err_counter("/err/ipip6-input/packets decapsulated")
         self.assertEqual(err, n_packets_decapped)
 
         # tun_ecn copies the ECN bits from the encap to the inner
-        p_ip6_encaps = [IPv6(src=tun_ecn.dst,
-                             dst=self.pg0.local_ip6,
-                             tc=tc) for tc in tcs]
+        p_ip6_encaps = [
+            IPv6(src=tun_ecn.dst, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6, tc=tc) for tc in tcs
+        ]
         p_ip4_replys = [p_ip4.copy() for i in range(len(p_ip6_encaps))]
         p_ip4_replys[2].tos = ecn
         p_ip4_replys[3].tos = ecn
         for i, p_ip6_encap in enumerate(p_ip6_encaps):
-            p6 = (self.p_ether / p_ip6_encap / p_ip4 / self.p_payload)
-            p4_reply = (p_ip4_replys[i] / self.p_payload)
+            p6 = self.p_ether / p_ip6_encap / p_ip4 / self.p_payload
+            p4_reply = p_ip4_replys[i] / self.p_payload
             p4_reply.ttl -= 1
             rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p6 * N_PACKETS, self.pg0)
             n_packets_decapped += N_PACKETS
@@ -1007,20 +1116,17 @@ class TestIPIP6(VppTestCase):
                 self.validate(p[1], p4_reply)
                 self.assert_packet_checksums_valid(p)
 
-        err = self.statistics.get_err_counter(
-            '/err/ipip6-input/packets decapsulated')
+        err = self.statistics.get_err_counter("/err/ipip6-input/packets decapsulated")
         self.assertEqual(err, n_packets_decapped)
 
         # IPv6 tunnel to IPv6
         # for each encap tun will produce the same inner packet because it does
         # not copy up fields from the payload
-        p_ip6_encaps = [IPv6(src=tun.dst,
-                             dst=self.pg0.local_ip6,
-                             tc=tc) for tc in tcs]
+        p_ip6_encaps = [IPv6(src=tun.dst, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6, tc=tc) for tc in tcs]
         p_ip6 = IPv6(src="1:2:3::4", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6)
         for p_ip6_encap in p_ip6_encaps:
-            p6 = (self.p_ether / p_ip6_encap / p_ip6 / self.p_payload)
-            p6_reply = (p_ip6 / self.p_payload)
+            p6 = self.p_ether / p_ip6_encap / p_ip6 / self.p_payload
+            p6_reply = p_ip6 / self.p_payload
             p6_reply.hlim = 63
             rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p6 * N_PACKETS, self.pg0)
             n_packets_decapped += N_PACKETS
@@ -1028,22 +1134,21 @@ class TestIPIP6(VppTestCase):
                 self.validate(p[1], p6_reply)
                 self.assert_packet_checksums_valid(p)
 
-        err = self.statistics.get_err_counter(
-            '/err/ipip6-input/packets decapsulated')
+        err = self.statistics.get_err_counter("/err/ipip6-input/packets decapsulated")
         self.assertEqual(err, n_packets_decapped)
 
         # IPv6 tunnel to IPv6
         # tun_ecn copies the ECN bits from the encap to the inner
-        p_ip6_encaps = [IPv6(src=tun_ecn.dst,
-                             dst=self.pg0.local_ip6,
-                             tc=tc) for tc in tcs]
+        p_ip6_encaps = [
+            IPv6(src=tun_ecn.dst, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6, tc=tc) for tc in tcs
+        ]
         p_ip6 = IPv6(src="1:2:3::4", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6)
         p_ip6_replys = [p_ip6.copy() for i in range(len(p_ip6_encaps))]
         p_ip6_replys[2].tc = ecn
         p_ip6_replys[3].tc = ecn
         for i, p_ip6_encap in enumerate(p_ip6_encaps):
-            p6 = (self.p_ether / p_ip6_encap / p_ip6 / self.p_payload)
-            p6_reply = (p_ip6_replys[i] / self.p_payload)
+            p6 = self.p_ether / p_ip6_encap / p_ip6 / self.p_payload
+            p6_reply = p_ip6_replys[i] / self.p_payload
             p6_reply.hlim = 63
             rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p6 * N_PACKETS, self.pg0)
             n_packets_decapped += N_PACKETS
@@ -1051,15 +1156,14 @@ class TestIPIP6(VppTestCase):
                 self.validate(p[1], p6_reply)
                 self.assert_packet_checksums_valid(p)
 
-        err = self.statistics.get_err_counter(
-            '/err/ipip6-input/packets decapsulated')
+        err = self.statistics.get_err_counter("/err/ipip6-input/packets decapsulated")
         self.assertEqual(err, n_packets_decapped)
 
     def test_frag(self):
-        """ ip{v4,v6} over ip6 test frag """
+        """ip{v4,v6} over ip6 test frag"""
 
         p_ether = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
-        p_ip6 = IPv6(src="1::1", dst="DEAD::1", tc=42, nh='UDP')
+        p_ip6 = IPv6(src="1::1", dst="DEAD::1", tc=42, nh="UDP")
         p_ip4 = IP(src="1.2.3.4", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4)
         p_payload = UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
 
@@ -1067,17 +1171,21 @@ class TestIPIP6(VppTestCase):
         # Fragmentation / Reassembly and Re-fragmentation
         #
         rv = self.vapi.ip_reassembly_enable_disable(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            enable_ip6=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, enable_ip6=1
+        )
 
-        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(timeout_ms=1000, max_reassemblies=1000,
-                                    max_reassembly_length=1000,
-                                    expire_walk_interval_ms=10000,
-                                    is_ip6=1)
+        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(
+            timeout_ms=1000,
+            max_reassemblies=1000,
+            max_reassembly_length=1000,
+            expire_walk_interval_ms=10000,
+            is_ip6=1,
+        )
 
         # Send lots of fragments, verify reassembled packet
         before_cnt = self.statistics.get_err_counter(
-            '/err/ipip6-input/packets decapsulated')
+            "/err/ipip6-input/packets decapsulated"
+        )
         frags, p6_reply = self.generate_ip6_frags(3131, 1400)
         f = []
         for i in range(0, 1000):
@@ -1090,8 +1198,7 @@ class TestIPIP6(VppTestCase):
         for p in rx:
             self.validate(p[1], p6_reply)
 
-        cnt = self.statistics.get_err_counter(
-            '/err/ipip6-input/packets decapsulated')
+        cnt = self.statistics.get_err_counter("/err/ipip6-input/packets decapsulated")
         self.assertEqual(cnt, before_cnt + 1000)
 
         f = []
@@ -1117,10 +1224,12 @@ class TestIPIP6(VppTestCase):
         # IPv6 in to IPv6 tunnel
         p_payload = UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) / self.payload(1300)
 
-        p6 = (p_ether / p_ip6 / p_payload)
-        p6_reply = (IPv6(src=self.pg0.local_ip6, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                         hlim=63) /
-                    p_ip6 / p_payload)
+        p6 = p_ether / p_ip6 / p_payload
+        p6_reply = (
+            IPv6(src=self.pg0.local_ip6, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6, hlim=63)
+            / p_ip6
+            / p_payload
+        )
         p6_reply[1].hlim -= 1
         self.pg_enable_capture()
         self.pg0.add_stream(p6)
@@ -1151,47 +1260,49 @@ class TestIPIP6(VppTestCase):
         self.validate(reass_pkt, p6_reply)
 
     def test_ip6_mpls_frag(self):
-        """ Test fragmenting IPv6 over MPLS """
+        """Test fragmenting IPv6 over MPLS"""
 
         # IPv6 packets must be locally generated to be fragmented
         # the use of tunnel encaps
         tun_dst = VppIpRoute(
-            self, "1000::1", 128,
-            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                          self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                          labels=[VppMplsLabel(32)])]).add_vpp_config()
+            self,
+            "1000::1",
+            128,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg1.remote_ip6, self.pg1.sw_if_index, labels=[VppMplsLabel(32)]
+                )
+            ],
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         tun = VppIpIpTunInterface(
-            self,
-            self.pg0,
-            self.pg0.local_ip6,
-            "1000::1").add_vpp_config()
+            self, self.pg0, self.pg0.local_ip6, "1000::1"
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         tun.admin_up()
         tun.config_ip6()
         tun.config_ip4()
 
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                       [2000, 0, 0, 0])
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(self.pg1.sw_if_index, [2000, 0, 0, 0])
 
-        p_6k = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                      src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                     dst=tun.remote_ip6) /
-                UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678) /
-                Raw(b'0xa' * 2000))
-        p_2k = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                      src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                     dst=tun.remote_ip6) /
-                UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678) /
-                Raw(b'0xa' * 1000))
-        p_1k = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                      src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                     dst=tun.remote_ip6) /
-                UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678) /
-                Raw(b'0xa' * 600))
+        p_6k = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=tun.remote_ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678)
+            / Raw(b"0xa" * 2000)
+        )
+        p_2k = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=tun.remote_ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678)
+            / Raw(b"0xa" * 1000)
+        )
+        p_1k = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=tun.remote_ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678)
+            / Raw(b"0xa" * 600)
+        )
 
         # this is now the interface MTU frags
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p_6k], self.pg1, n_rx=4)
@@ -1204,26 +1315,26 @@ class TestIPIP6(VppTestCase):
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p_1k], self.pg1)
 
     def test_ipip_create(self):
-        """ ipip create / delete interface test """
-        rv = ipip_add_tunnel(self, '1.2.3.4', '2.3.4.5')
+        """ipip create / delete interface test"""
+        rv = ipip_add_tunnel(self, "1.2.3.4", "2.3.4.5")
         sw_if_index = rv.sw_if_index
         self.vapi.ipip_del_tunnel(sw_if_index)
 
     def test_ipip_vrf_create(self):
-        """ ipip create / delete interface VRF test """
+        """ipip create / delete interface VRF test"""
 
         t = VppIpTable(self, 20)
         t.add_vpp_config()
-        rv = ipip_add_tunnel(self, '1.2.3.4', '2.3.4.5', table_id=20)
+        rv = ipip_add_tunnel(self, "1.2.3.4", "2.3.4.5", table_id=20)
         sw_if_index = rv.sw_if_index
         self.vapi.ipip_del_tunnel(sw_if_index)
 
     def payload(self, len):
-        return 'x' * len
+        return "x" * len
 
 
 class TestIPIPMPLS(VppTestCase):
-    """ MPLS Test Case """
+    """MPLS Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -1254,62 +1365,69 @@ class TestIPIPMPLS(VppTestCase):
             i.admin_down()
 
     def test_mpls(self):
-        """ MPLS over ip{6,4} test """
+        """MPLS over ip{6,4} test"""
 
         tbl = VppMplsTable(self, 0)
         tbl.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.p_ether = Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
-        self.p_payload = UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) / Raw(b'X' * 100)
+        self.p_payload = UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) / Raw(b"X" * 100)
         f = FibPathProto
 
         # IPv4 transport
         tun4 = VppIpIpTunInterface(
-            self,
-            self.pg1,
-            self.pg1.local_ip4,
-            self.pg1.remote_ip4).add_vpp_config()
+            self, self.pg1, self.pg1.local_ip4, self.pg1.remote_ip4
+        ).add_vpp_config()
         tun4.admin_up()
         tun4.config_ip4()
         tun4.enable_mpls()
 
         # IPv6 transport
         tun6 = VppIpIpTunInterface(
-            self,
-            self.pg1,
-            self.pg1.local_ip6,
-            self.pg1.remote_ip6).add_vpp_config()
+            self, self.pg1, self.pg1.local_ip6, self.pg1.remote_ip6
+        ).add_vpp_config()
         tun6.admin_up()
         tun6.config_ip6()
         tun6.enable_mpls()
 
         # ip routes into the tunnels with output labels
-        r4 = VppIpRoute(self, "1.1.1.1", 32,
-                        [VppRoutePath(
-                            tun4.remote_ip4,
-                            tun4.sw_if_index,
-                            labels=[VppMplsLabel(44)])]).add_vpp_config()
-        r6 = VppIpRoute(self, "1::1", 128,
-                        [VppRoutePath(
-                            tun6.remote_ip6,
-                            tun6.sw_if_index,
-                            labels=[VppMplsLabel(66)])]).add_vpp_config()
+        r4 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "1.1.1.1",
+            32,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    tun4.remote_ip4, tun4.sw_if_index, labels=[VppMplsLabel(44)]
+                )
+            ],
+        ).add_vpp_config()
+        r6 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "1::1",
+            128,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    tun6.remote_ip6, tun6.sw_if_index, labels=[VppMplsLabel(66)]
+                )
+            ],
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         # deag MPLS routes from the tunnel
-        r4 = VppMplsRoute(self, 44, 1,
-                          [VppRoutePath(
-                              self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                              self.pg0.sw_if_index)]).add_vpp_config()
-        r6 = VppMplsRoute(self, 66, 1,
-                          [VppRoutePath(
-                              self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                              self.pg0.sw_if_index)],
-                          eos_proto=f.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6).add_vpp_config()
+        r4 = VppMplsRoute(
+            self, 44, 1, [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.pg0.sw_if_index)]
+        ).add_vpp_config()
+        r6 = VppMplsRoute(
+            self,
+            66,
+            1,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip6, self.pg0.sw_if_index)],
+            eos_proto=f.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6,
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # Tunnel Encap
         #
-        p4 = (self.p_ether / IP(src="2.2.2.2", dst="1.1.1.1") / self.p_payload)
+        p4 = self.p_ether / IP(src="2.2.2.2", dst="1.1.1.1") / self.p_payload
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p4 * N_PACKETS, self.pg1)
 
@@ -1321,7 +1439,7 @@ class TestIPIPMPLS(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(inner.src, "2.2.2.2")
             self.assertEqual(inner.dst, "1.1.1.1")
 
-        p6 = (self.p_ether / IPv6(src="2::2", dst="1::1") / self.p_payload)
+        p6 = self.p_ether / IPv6(src="2::2", dst="1::1") / self.p_payload
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p6 * N_PACKETS, self.pg1)
 
@@ -1336,13 +1454,13 @@ class TestIPIPMPLS(VppTestCase):
         #
         # Tunnel Decap
         #
-        p4 = (self.p_ether /
-              IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                 dst=self.pg1.local_ip4) /
-              MPLS(label=44, ttl=4) /
-              IP(src="1.1.1.1",
-                 dst="2.2.2.2") /
-              self.p_payload)
+        p4 = (
+            self.p_ether
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.local_ip4)
+            / MPLS(label=44, ttl=4)
+            / IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="2.2.2.2")
+            / self.p_payload
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p4 * N_PACKETS, self.pg0)
 
@@ -1350,13 +1468,13 @@ class TestIPIPMPLS(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(rx[IP].src, "1.1.1.1")
             self.assertEqual(rx[IP].dst, "2.2.2.2")
 
-        p6 = (self.p_ether /
-              IPv6(src=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                   dst=self.pg1.local_ip6) /
-              MPLS(label=66, ttl=4) /
-              IPv6(src="1::1",
-                   dst="2::2") /
-              self.p_payload)
+        p6 = (
+            self.p_ether
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg1.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg1.local_ip6)
+            / MPLS(label=66, ttl=4)
+            / IPv6(src="1::1", dst="2::2")
+            / self.p_payload
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p6 * N_PACKETS, self.pg0)
 
@@ -1368,5 +1486,5 @@ class TestIPIPMPLS(VppTestCase):
         tun6.disable_mpls()
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_ipsec_ah.py b/test/test_ipsec_ah.py
index 8f8b2bf1550..190bde78f56 100644
--- a/test/test_ipsec_ah.py
+++ b/test/test_ipsec_ah.py
@@ -8,13 +8,23 @@ from scapy.layers.l2 import Ether
 from scapy.packet import Raw
 
 from framework import VppTestRunner
-from template_ipsec import TemplateIpsec, IpsecTra46Tests, IpsecTun46Tests, \
-    config_tun_params, config_tra_params, IPsecIPv4Params, IPsecIPv6Params, \
-    IpsecTra4, IpsecTun4, IpsecTra6, IpsecTun6, \
-    IpsecTun6HandoffTests, IpsecTun4HandoffTests
+from template_ipsec import (
+    TemplateIpsec,
+    IpsecTra46Tests,
+    IpsecTun46Tests,
+    config_tun_params,
+    config_tra_params,
+    IPsecIPv4Params,
+    IPsecIPv6Params,
+    IpsecTra4,
+    IpsecTun4,
+    IpsecTra6,
+    IpsecTun6,
+    IpsecTun6HandoffTests,
+    IpsecTun4HandoffTests,
+)
 from template_ipsec import IpsecTcpTests
-from vpp_ipsec import VppIpsecSA, VppIpsecSpd, VppIpsecSpdEntry,\
-        VppIpsecSpdItfBinding
+from vpp_ipsec import VppIpsecSA, VppIpsecSpd, VppIpsecSpdEntry, VppIpsecSpdItfBinding
 from vpp_ip_route import VppIpRoute, VppRoutePath
 from vpp_ip import DpoProto
 from vpp_papi import VppEnum
@@ -41,6 +51,7 @@ class ConfigIpsecAH(TemplateIpsec):
          ---             ---           ---
 
     """
+
     encryption_type = AH
     net_objs = []
     tra4_encrypt_node_name = "ah4-encrypt"
@@ -79,13 +90,11 @@ class ConfigIpsecAH(TemplateIpsec):
         self.tun_spd.add_vpp_config()
         self.net_objs.append(self.tun_spd)
 
-        b = VppIpsecSpdItfBinding(self, self.tra_spd,
-                                  self.tra_if)
+        b = VppIpsecSpdItfBinding(self, self.tra_spd, self.tra_if)
         b.add_vpp_config()
         self.net_objs.append(b)
 
-        b = VppIpsecSpdItfBinding(self, self.tun_spd,
-                                  self.tun_if)
+        b = VppIpsecSpdItfBinding(self, self.tun_spd, self.tun_if)
         b.add_vpp_config()
         self.net_objs.append(b)
 
@@ -97,10 +106,16 @@ class ConfigIpsecAH(TemplateIpsec):
             config_tun_params(p, self.encryption_type, self.tun_if)
         for p in params:
             d = DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_IP6 if p.is_ipv6 else DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_IP4
-            r = VppIpRoute(self,  p.remote_tun_if_host, p.addr_len,
-                           [VppRoutePath(self.tun_if.remote_addr[p.addr_type],
-                                         0xffffffff,
-                                         proto=d)])
+            r = VppIpRoute(
+                self,
+                p.remote_tun_if_host,
+                p.addr_len,
+                [
+                    VppRoutePath(
+                        self.tun_if.remote_addr[p.addr_type], 0xFFFFFFFF, proto=d
+                    )
+                ],
+            )
             r.add_vpp_config()
             self.net_objs.append(r)
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli("show ipsec all"))
@@ -130,74 +145,116 @@ class ConfigIpsecAH(TemplateIpsec):
         params.outer_hop_limit = 253
         params.outer_flow_label = 0x12345
 
-        params.tun_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(self, scapy_tun_sa_id, scapy_tun_spi,
-                                      auth_algo_vpp_id, auth_key,
-                                      crypt_algo_vpp_id, crypt_key,
-                                      self.vpp_ah_protocol,
-                                      self.tun_if.local_addr[addr_type],
-                                      self.tun_if.remote_addr[addr_type],
-                                      tun_flags=tun_flags,
-                                      flags=flags,
-                                      dscp=params.dscp)
+        params.tun_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            scapy_tun_sa_id,
+            scapy_tun_spi,
+            auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            auth_key,
+            crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            crypt_key,
+            self.vpp_ah_protocol,
+            self.tun_if.local_addr[addr_type],
+            self.tun_if.remote_addr[addr_type],
+            tun_flags=tun_flags,
+            flags=flags,
+            dscp=params.dscp,
+        )
 
-        params.tun_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(self, vpp_tun_sa_id, vpp_tun_spi,
-                                       auth_algo_vpp_id, auth_key,
-                                       crypt_algo_vpp_id, crypt_key,
-                                       self.vpp_ah_protocol,
-                                       self.tun_if.remote_addr[addr_type],
-                                       self.tun_if.local_addr[addr_type],
-                                       tun_flags=tun_flags,
-                                       flags=flags,
-                                       dscp=params.dscp)
+        params.tun_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            vpp_tun_sa_id,
+            vpp_tun_spi,
+            auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            auth_key,
+            crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            crypt_key,
+            self.vpp_ah_protocol,
+            self.tun_if.remote_addr[addr_type],
+            self.tun_if.local_addr[addr_type],
+            tun_flags=tun_flags,
+            flags=flags,
+            dscp=params.dscp,
+        )
 
         objs.append(params.tun_sa_in)
         objs.append(params.tun_sa_out)
 
-        params.spd_policy_in_any = VppIpsecSpdEntry(self, self.tun_spd,
-                                                    vpp_tun_sa_id,
-                                                    addr_any, addr_bcast,
-                                                    addr_any, addr_bcast,
-                                                    socket.IPPROTO_AH)
-        params.spd_policy_out_any = VppIpsecSpdEntry(self, self.tun_spd,
-                                                     vpp_tun_sa_id,
-                                                     addr_any, addr_bcast,
-                                                     addr_any, addr_bcast,
-                                                     socket.IPPROTO_AH,
-                                                     is_outbound=0)
+        params.spd_policy_in_any = VppIpsecSpdEntry(
+            self,
+            self.tun_spd,
+            vpp_tun_sa_id,
+            addr_any,
+            addr_bcast,
+            addr_any,
+            addr_bcast,
+            socket.IPPROTO_AH,
+        )
+        params.spd_policy_out_any = VppIpsecSpdEntry(
+            self,
+            self.tun_spd,
+            vpp_tun_sa_id,
+            addr_any,
+            addr_bcast,
+            addr_any,
+            addr_bcast,
+            socket.IPPROTO_AH,
+            is_outbound=0,
+        )
 
         objs.append(params.spd_policy_out_any)
         objs.append(params.spd_policy_in_any)
 
-        e1 = VppIpsecSpdEntry(self, self.tun_spd, vpp_tun_sa_id,
-                              remote_tun_if_host,
-                              remote_tun_if_host,
-                              self.pg1.remote_addr[addr_type],
-                              self.pg1.remote_addr[addr_type],
-                              0, priority=10,
-                              policy=e.IPSEC_API_SPD_ACTION_PROTECT,
-                              is_outbound=0)
-        e2 = VppIpsecSpdEntry(self, self.tun_spd, scapy_tun_sa_id,
-                              self.pg1.remote_addr[addr_type],
-                              self.pg1.remote_addr[addr_type],
-                              remote_tun_if_host,
-                              remote_tun_if_host,
-                              0, policy=e.IPSEC_API_SPD_ACTION_PROTECT,
-                              priority=10)
-        e3 = VppIpsecSpdEntry(self, self.tun_spd, vpp_tun_sa_id,
-                              remote_tun_if_host,
-                              remote_tun_if_host,
-                              self.pg0.local_addr[addr_type],
-                              self.pg0.local_addr[addr_type],
-                              0, priority=20,
-                              policy=e.IPSEC_API_SPD_ACTION_PROTECT,
-                              is_outbound=0)
-        e4 = VppIpsecSpdEntry(self, self.tun_spd, scapy_tun_sa_id,
-                              self.pg0.local_addr[addr_type],
-                              self.pg0.local_addr[addr_type],
-                              remote_tun_if_host,
-                              remote_tun_if_host,
-                              0, policy=e.IPSEC_API_SPD_ACTION_PROTECT,
-                              priority=20)
+        e1 = VppIpsecSpdEntry(
+            self,
+            self.tun_spd,
+            vpp_tun_sa_id,
+            remote_tun_if_host,
+            remote_tun_if_host,
+            self.pg1.remote_addr[addr_type],
+            self.pg1.remote_addr[addr_type],
+            0,
+            priority=10,
+            policy=e.IPSEC_API_SPD_ACTION_PROTECT,
+            is_outbound=0,
+        )
+        e2 = VppIpsecSpdEntry(
+            self,
+            self.tun_spd,
+            scapy_tun_sa_id,
+            self.pg1.remote_addr[addr_type],
+            self.pg1.remote_addr[addr_type],
+            remote_tun_if_host,
+            remote_tun_if_host,
+            0,
+            policy=e.IPSEC_API_SPD_ACTION_PROTECT,
+            priority=10,
+        )
+        e3 = VppIpsecSpdEntry(
+            self,
+            self.tun_spd,
+            vpp_tun_sa_id,
+            remote_tun_if_host,
+            remote_tun_if_host,
+            self.pg0.local_addr[addr_type],
+            self.pg0.local_addr[addr_type],
+            0,
+            priority=20,
+            policy=e.IPSEC_API_SPD_ACTION_PROTECT,
+            is_outbound=0,
+        )
+        e4 = VppIpsecSpdEntry(
+            self,
+            self.tun_spd,
+            scapy_tun_sa_id,
+            self.pg0.local_addr[addr_type],
+            self.pg0.local_addr[addr_type],
+            remote_tun_if_host,
+            remote_tun_if_host,
+            0,
+            policy=e.IPSEC_API_SPD_ACTION_PROTECT,
+            priority=20,
+        )
 
         objs = objs + [e1, e2, e3, e4]
 
@@ -218,49 +275,92 @@ class ConfigIpsecAH(TemplateIpsec):
         crypt_key = params.crypt_key
         addr_any = params.addr_any
         addr_bcast = params.addr_bcast
-        flags = params.flags | (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_sad_flags_t.
-                                IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_USE_ANTI_REPLAY)
+        flags = params.flags | (
+            VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_sad_flags_t.IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_USE_ANTI_REPLAY
+        )
         e = VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_spd_action_t
         objs = []
 
-        params.tra_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(self, scapy_tra_sa_id, scapy_tra_spi,
-                                      auth_algo_vpp_id, auth_key,
-                                      crypt_algo_vpp_id, crypt_key,
-                                      self.vpp_ah_protocol,
-                                      flags=flags)
-        params.tra_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(self, vpp_tra_sa_id, vpp_tra_spi,
-                                       auth_algo_vpp_id, auth_key,
-                                       crypt_algo_vpp_id, crypt_key,
-                                       self.vpp_ah_protocol,
-                                       flags=flags)
+        params.tra_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            scapy_tra_sa_id,
+            scapy_tra_spi,
+            auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            auth_key,
+            crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            crypt_key,
+            self.vpp_ah_protocol,
+            flags=flags,
+        )
+        params.tra_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            vpp_tra_sa_id,
+            vpp_tra_spi,
+            auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            auth_key,
+            crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            crypt_key,
+            self.vpp_ah_protocol,
+            flags=flags,
+        )
 
         objs.append(params.tra_sa_in)
         objs.append(params.tra_sa_out)
 
-        objs.append(VppIpsecSpdEntry(self, self.tra_spd, vpp_tra_sa_id,
-                                     addr_any, addr_bcast,
-                                     addr_any, addr_bcast,
-                                     socket.IPPROTO_AH))
-        objs.append(VppIpsecSpdEntry(self, self.tra_spd, scapy_tra_sa_id,
-                                     addr_any, addr_bcast,
-                                     addr_any, addr_bcast,
-                                     socket.IPPROTO_AH,
-                                     is_outbound=0))
-        objs.append(VppIpsecSpdEntry(self, self.tra_spd, vpp_tra_sa_id,
-                                     self.tra_if.local_addr[addr_type],
-                                     self.tra_if.local_addr[addr_type],
-                                     self.tra_if.remote_addr[addr_type],
-                                     self.tra_if.remote_addr[addr_type],
-                                     0, priority=10,
-                                     policy=e.IPSEC_API_SPD_ACTION_PROTECT,
-                                     is_outbound=0))
-        objs.append(VppIpsecSpdEntry(self, self.tra_spd, scapy_tra_sa_id,
-                                     self.tra_if.local_addr[addr_type],
-                                     self.tra_if.local_addr[addr_type],
-                                     self.tra_if.remote_addr[addr_type],
-                                     self.tra_if.remote_addr[addr_type],
-                                     0, policy=e.IPSEC_API_SPD_ACTION_PROTECT,
-                                     priority=10))
+        objs.append(
+            VppIpsecSpdEntry(
+                self,
+                self.tra_spd,
+                vpp_tra_sa_id,
+                addr_any,
+                addr_bcast,
+                addr_any,
+                addr_bcast,
+                socket.IPPROTO_AH,
+            )
+        )
+        objs.append(
+            VppIpsecSpdEntry(
+                self,
+                self.tra_spd,
+                scapy_tra_sa_id,
+                addr_any,
+                addr_bcast,
+                addr_any,
+                addr_bcast,
+                socket.IPPROTO_AH,
+                is_outbound=0,
+            )
+        )
+        objs.append(
+            VppIpsecSpdEntry(
+                self,
+                self.tra_spd,
+                vpp_tra_sa_id,
+                self.tra_if.local_addr[addr_type],
+                self.tra_if.local_addr[addr_type],
+                self.tra_if.remote_addr[addr_type],
+                self.tra_if.remote_addr[addr_type],
+                0,
+                priority=10,
+                policy=e.IPSEC_API_SPD_ACTION_PROTECT,
+                is_outbound=0,
+            )
+        )
+        objs.append(
+            VppIpsecSpdEntry(
+                self,
+                self.tra_spd,
+                scapy_tra_sa_id,
+                self.tra_if.local_addr[addr_type],
+                self.tra_if.local_addr[addr_type],
+                self.tra_if.remote_addr[addr_type],
+                self.tra_if.remote_addr[addr_type],
+                0,
+                policy=e.IPSEC_API_SPD_ACTION_PROTECT,
+                priority=10,
+            )
+        )
 
         for o in objs:
             o.add_vpp_config()
@@ -288,6 +388,7 @@ class TemplateIpsecAh(ConfigIpsecAH):
          ---             ---           ---
 
     """
+
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
         super(TemplateIpsecAh, cls).setUpClass()
@@ -306,26 +407,30 @@ class TemplateIpsecAh(ConfigIpsecAH):
 
 
 class TestIpsecAh1(TemplateIpsecAh, IpsecTcpTests):
-    """ Ipsec AH - TCP tests """
+    """Ipsec AH - TCP tests"""
+
     pass
 
 
 class TestIpsecAh2(TemplateIpsecAh, IpsecTra46Tests, IpsecTun46Tests):
-    """ Ipsec AH w/ SHA1 """
+    """Ipsec AH w/ SHA1"""
+
     pass
 
 
 class TestIpsecAhTun(TemplateIpsecAh, IpsecTun46Tests):
-    """ Ipsec AH - TUN encap tests """
+    """Ipsec AH - TUN encap tests"""
 
     def setUp(self):
         self.ipv4_params = IPsecIPv4Params()
         self.ipv6_params = IPsecIPv6Params()
 
-        c = (VppEnum.vl_api_tunnel_encap_decap_flags_t.
-             TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_COPY_DSCP)
-        c1 = c | (VppEnum.vl_api_tunnel_encap_decap_flags_t.
-                  TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_COPY_ECN)
+        c = (
+            VppEnum.vl_api_tunnel_encap_decap_flags_t.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_COPY_DSCP
+        )
+        c1 = c | (
+            VppEnum.vl_api_tunnel_encap_decap_flags_t.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_COPY_ECN
+        )
 
         self.ipv4_params.tun_flags = c
         self.ipv6_params.tun_flags = c1
@@ -334,19 +439,23 @@ class TestIpsecAhTun(TemplateIpsecAh, IpsecTun46Tests):
 
     def gen_pkts(self, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=54):
         # set the DSCP + ECN - flags are set to copy only DSCP
-        return [Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac) /
-                IP(src=src, dst=dst, tos=5) /
-                UDP(sport=4444, dport=4444) /
-                Raw(b'X' * payload_size)
-                for i in range(count)]
+        return [
+            Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=src, dst=dst, tos=5)
+            / UDP(sport=4444, dport=4444)
+            / Raw(b"X" * payload_size)
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
     def gen_pkts6(self, p, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=54):
         # set the DSCP + ECN - flags are set to copy both
-        return [Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac) /
-                IPv6(src=src, dst=dst, tc=5) /
-                UDP(sport=4444, dport=4444) /
-                Raw(b'X' * payload_size)
-                for i in range(count)]
+        return [
+            Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=src, dst=dst, tc=5)
+            / UDP(sport=4444, dport=4444)
+            / Raw(b"X" * payload_size)
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
     def verify_encrypted(self, p, sa, rxs):
         # just check that only the DSCP is copied
@@ -360,7 +469,7 @@ class TestIpsecAhTun(TemplateIpsecAh, IpsecTun46Tests):
 
 
 class TestIpsecAhTun2(TemplateIpsecAh, IpsecTun46Tests):
-    """ Ipsec AH - TUN encap tests """
+    """Ipsec AH - TUN encap tests"""
 
     def setUp(self):
         self.ipv4_params = IPsecIPv4Params()
@@ -373,24 +482,28 @@ class TestIpsecAhTun2(TemplateIpsecAh, IpsecTun46Tests):
 
     def gen_pkts(self, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=54):
         # set the DSCP + ECN - flags are set to copy only DSCP
-        return [Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac) /
-                IP(src=src, dst=dst, tos=0) /
-                UDP(sport=4444, dport=4444) /
-                Raw(b'X' * payload_size)
-                for i in range(count)]
+        return [
+            Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=src, dst=dst, tos=0)
+            / UDP(sport=4444, dport=4444)
+            / Raw(b"X" * payload_size)
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
     def gen_pkts6(self, p, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=54):
         # set the DSCP + ECN - flags are set to copy both
-        return [Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac) /
-                IPv6(src=src, dst=dst, tc=0) /
-                UDP(sport=4444, dport=4444) /
-                Raw(b'X' * payload_size)
-                for i in range(count)]
+        return [
+            Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=src, dst=dst, tc=0)
+            / UDP(sport=4444, dport=4444)
+            / Raw(b"X" * payload_size)
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
     def verify_encrypted(self, p, sa, rxs):
         # just check that only the DSCP is copied
         for rx in rxs:
-            self.assertEqual(rx[IP].tos, 0xc)
+            self.assertEqual(rx[IP].tos, 0xC)
 
     def verify_encrypted6(self, p, sa, rxs):
         # just check that the DSCP & ECN are copied
@@ -398,17 +511,14 @@ class TestIpsecAhTun2(TemplateIpsecAh, IpsecTun46Tests):
             self.assertEqual(rx[IPv6].tc, 0x10)
 
 
-class TestIpsecAhHandoff(TemplateIpsecAh,
-                         IpsecTun6HandoffTests,
-                         IpsecTun4HandoffTests):
-    """ Ipsec AH Handoff """
+class TestIpsecAhHandoff(TemplateIpsecAh, IpsecTun6HandoffTests, IpsecTun4HandoffTests):
+    """Ipsec AH Handoff"""
+
     pass
 
 
-class TestIpsecAhAll(ConfigIpsecAH,
-                     IpsecTra4, IpsecTra6,
-                     IpsecTun4, IpsecTun6):
-    """ Ipsec AH all Algos """
+class TestIpsecAhAll(ConfigIpsecAH, IpsecTra4, IpsecTra6, IpsecTun4, IpsecTun6):
+    """Ipsec AH all Algos"""
 
     def setUp(self):
         super(TestIpsecAhAll, self).setUp()
@@ -421,21 +531,26 @@ class TestIpsecAhAll(ConfigIpsecAH,
         # foreach VPP crypto engine
         engines = ["ia32", "ipsecmb", "openssl"]
 
-        algos = [{'vpp': VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.
-                  IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA1_96,
-                  'scapy': "HMAC-SHA1-96"},
-                 {'vpp': VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.
-                  IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA_256_128,
-                  'scapy': "SHA2-256-128"},
-                 {'vpp': VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.
-                  IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA_384_192,
-                  'scapy': "SHA2-384-192"},
-                 {'vpp': VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.
-                  IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA_512_256,
-                  'scapy': "SHA2-512-256"}]
+        algos = [
+            {
+                "vpp": VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA1_96,
+                "scapy": "HMAC-SHA1-96",
+            },
+            {
+                "vpp": VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA_256_128,
+                "scapy": "SHA2-256-128",
+            },
+            {
+                "vpp": VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA_384_192,
+                "scapy": "SHA2-384-192",
+            },
+            {
+                "vpp": VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA_512_256,
+                "scapy": "SHA2-512-256",
+            },
+        ]
 
-        flags = [0, (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_sad_flags_t.
-                     IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_USE_ESN)]
+        flags = [0, (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_sad_flags_t.IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_USE_ESN)]
 
         #
         # loop through the VPP engines
@@ -454,14 +569,14 @@ class TestIpsecAhAll(ConfigIpsecAH,
                     self.ipv4_params = IPsecIPv4Params()
                     self.ipv6_params = IPsecIPv6Params()
 
-                    self.params = {self.ipv4_params.addr_type:
-                                   self.ipv4_params,
-                                   self.ipv6_params.addr_type:
-                                   self.ipv6_params}
+                    self.params = {
+                        self.ipv4_params.addr_type: self.ipv4_params,
+                        self.ipv6_params.addr_type: self.ipv6_params,
+                    }
 
                     for _, p in self.params.items():
-                        p.auth_algo_vpp_id = algo['vpp']
-                        p.auth_algo = algo['scapy']
+                        p.auth_algo_vpp_id = algo["vpp"]
+                        p.auth_algo = algo["scapy"]
                         p.flags = p.flags | flag
 
                     #
@@ -484,5 +599,5 @@ class TestIpsecAhAll(ConfigIpsecAH,
                     self.unconfig_network()
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_ipsec_api.py b/test/test_ipsec_api.py
index b5b4adac66b..9c62c87e16d 100644
--- a/test/test_ipsec_api.py
+++ b/test/test_ipsec_api.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from vpp_papi import VppEnum
 
 
 class IpsecApiTestCase(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPSec API tests """
+    """IPSec API tests"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -22,10 +22,8 @@ class IpsecApiTestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.pg0.config_ip4()
         self.pg0.admin_up()
 
-        self.vpp_esp_protocol = (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_proto_t.
-                                 IPSEC_API_PROTO_ESP)
-        self.vpp_ah_protocol = (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_proto_t.
-                                IPSEC_API_PROTO_AH)
+        self.vpp_esp_protocol = VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_proto_t.IPSEC_API_PROTO_ESP
+        self.vpp_ah_protocol = VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_proto_t.IPSEC_API_PROTO_AH
         self.ipv4_params = IPsecIPv4Params()
 
     def tearDown(self):
@@ -34,32 +32,34 @@ class IpsecApiTestCase(VppTestCase):
         super(IpsecApiTestCase, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_backend_dump(self):
-        """ backend dump """
+        """backend dump"""
         d = self.vapi.ipsec_backend_dump()
         self.assert_equal(len(d), 2, "number of ipsec backends in dump")
-        self.assert_equal(d[0].protocol, self.vpp_ah_protocol,
-                          "ipsec protocol in dump entry")
+        self.assert_equal(
+            d[0].protocol, self.vpp_ah_protocol, "ipsec protocol in dump entry"
+        )
         self.assert_equal(d[0].index, 0, "index in dump entry")
         self.assert_equal(d[0].active, 1, "active flag in dump entry")
-        self.assert_equal(d[1].protocol, self.vpp_esp_protocol,
-                          "ipsec protocol in dump entry")
+        self.assert_equal(
+            d[1].protocol, self.vpp_esp_protocol, "ipsec protocol in dump entry"
+        )
         self.assert_equal(d[1].index, 0, "index in dump entry")
         self.assert_equal(d[1].active, 1, "active flag in dump entry")
 
     def test_select_valid_backend(self):
-        """ select valid backend """
+        """select valid backend"""
         self.vapi.ipsec_select_backend(self.vpp_ah_protocol, 0)
         self.vapi.ipsec_select_backend(self.vpp_esp_protocol, 0)
 
     def test_select_invalid_backend(self):
-        """ select invalid backend """
+        """select invalid backend"""
         with self.vapi.assert_negative_api_retval():
             self.vapi.ipsec_select_backend(self.vpp_ah_protocol, 200)
         with self.vapi.assert_negative_api_retval():
             self.vapi.ipsec_select_backend(self.vpp_esp_protocol, 200)
 
     def test_select_backend_in_use(self):
-        """ attempt to change backend while sad configured """
+        """attempt to change backend while sad configured"""
         params = self.ipv4_params
         addr_type = params.addr_type
         is_ipv6 = params.is_ipv6
@@ -73,48 +73,48 @@ class IpsecApiTestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.vapi.ipsec_sad_entry_add_del(
             is_add=1,
             entry={
-                'sad_id': scapy_tun_sa_id,
-                'spi': scapy_tun_spi,
-                'integrity_algorithm': auth_algo_vpp_id,
-                'integrity_key': {
-                    'data': auth_key,
-                    'length': len(auth_key),
+                "sad_id": scapy_tun_sa_id,
+                "spi": scapy_tun_spi,
+                "integrity_algorithm": auth_algo_vpp_id,
+                "integrity_key": {
+                    "data": auth_key,
+                    "length": len(auth_key),
                 },
-                'crypto_algorithm': crypt_algo_vpp_id,
-                'crypto_key': {
-                    'data': crypt_key,
-                    'length': len(crypt_key),
+                "crypto_algorithm": crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+                "crypto_key": {
+                    "data": crypt_key,
+                    "length": len(crypt_key),
                 },
-                'protocol': self.vpp_ah_protocol,
-                'tunnel_src': self.pg0.local_addr[addr_type],
-                'tunnel_dst': self.pg0.remote_addr[addr_type]
-            })
+                "protocol": self.vpp_ah_protocol,
+                "tunnel_src": self.pg0.local_addr[addr_type],
+                "tunnel_dst": self.pg0.remote_addr[addr_type],
+            },
+        )
         with self.vapi.assert_negative_api_retval():
-            self.vapi.ipsec_select_backend(
-                protocol=self.vpp_ah_protocol, index=0)
+            self.vapi.ipsec_select_backend(protocol=self.vpp_ah_protocol, index=0)
 
         self.vapi.ipsec_sad_entry_add_del(
             is_add=0,
             entry={
-                'sad_id': scapy_tun_sa_id,
-                'spi': scapy_tun_spi,
-                'integrity_algorithm': auth_algo_vpp_id,
-                'integrity_key': {
-                    'data': auth_key,
-                    'length': len(auth_key),
+                "sad_id": scapy_tun_sa_id,
+                "spi": scapy_tun_spi,
+                "integrity_algorithm": auth_algo_vpp_id,
+                "integrity_key": {
+                    "data": auth_key,
+                    "length": len(auth_key),
                 },
-                'crypto_algorithm': crypt_algo_vpp_id,
-                'crypto_key': {
-                    'data': crypt_key,
-                    'length': len(crypt_key),
+                "crypto_algorithm": crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+                "crypto_key": {
+                    "data": crypt_key,
+                    "length": len(crypt_key),
                 },
-                'protocol': self.vpp_ah_protocol,
-                'tunnel_src': self.pg0.local_addr[addr_type],
-                'tunnel_dst': self.pg0.remote_addr[addr_type]
-            })
-        self.vapi.ipsec_select_backend(
-            protocol=self.vpp_ah_protocol, index=0)
+                "protocol": self.vpp_ah_protocol,
+                "tunnel_src": self.pg0.local_addr[addr_type],
+                "tunnel_dst": self.pg0.remote_addr[addr_type],
+            },
+        )
+        self.vapi.ipsec_select_backend(protocol=self.vpp_ah_protocol, index=0)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_ipsec_default.py b/test/test_ipsec_default.py
index 6ee6f7822a2..f9de210e6dc 100644
--- a/test/test_ipsec_default.py
+++ b/test/test_ipsec_default.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ packets are dropped as expected.
 
 
 class IPSecInboundDefaultDrop(IPSecIPv4Fwd):
-    """ IPSec: inbound packets drop by default with no matching rule """
+    """IPSec: inbound packets drop by default with no matching rule"""
 
     def test_ipsec_inbound_default_drop(self):
         # configure two interfaces and bind the same SPD to both
@@ -43,13 +43,26 @@ class IPSecInboundDefaultDrop(IPSecIPv4Fwd):
 
         # catch-all inbound BYPASS policy, all interfaces
         inbound_policy = self.spd_add_rem_policy(
-            1, None, None, socket.IPPROTO_UDP, is_out=0, priority=10,
-            policy_type="bypass", all_ips=True)
+            1,
+            None,
+            None,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=0,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+            all_ips=True,
+        )
 
         # outbound BYPASS policy allowing traffic from pg0->pg1
         outbound_policy = self.spd_add_rem_policy(
-            1, self.pg0, self.pg1, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=1, priority=10, policy_type="bypass")
+            1,
+            self.pg0,
+            self.pg1,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=1,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+        )
 
         # create a packet stream pg0->pg1 + add to pg0
         packets0 = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, pkt_count)
@@ -64,8 +77,7 @@ class IPSecInboundDefaultDrop(IPSecIPv4Fwd):
             try:
                 self.logger.debug(ppp("SPD - Got packet:", packet))
             except Exception:
-                self.logger.error(
-                    ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:", packet))
+                self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:", packet))
                 raise
         self.logger.debug("SPD: Num packets: %s", len(cap1.res))
         # verify captures on pg1
@@ -76,8 +88,16 @@ class IPSecInboundDefaultDrop(IPSecIPv4Fwd):
 
         # remove inbound catch-all BYPASS rule, traffic should now be dropped
         self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # inbound, all interfaces
-            1, None, None, socket.IPPROTO_UDP, is_out=0, priority=10,
-            policy_type="bypass", all_ips=True, remove=True)
+            1,
+            None,
+            None,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=0,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+            all_ips=True,
+            remove=True,
+        )
 
         # create another packet stream pg0->pg1 + add to pg0
         packets1 = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, pkt_count)
@@ -85,8 +105,9 @@ class IPSecInboundDefaultDrop(IPSecIPv4Fwd):
         self.pg_interfaces[1].enable_capture()
         self.pg_start()
         # confirm traffic has now been dropped
-        self.pg1.assert_nothing_captured(remark="inbound pkts with no matching"
-                                         "rules NOT dropped by default")
+        self.pg1.assert_nothing_captured(
+            remark="inbound pkts with no matching" "rules NOT dropped by default"
+        )
         # both policies should not have matched any further packets
         # since we've dropped at input stage
         self.verify_policy_match(pkt_count, outbound_policy)
@@ -94,7 +115,7 @@ class IPSecInboundDefaultDrop(IPSecIPv4Fwd):
 
 
 class IPSecOutboundDefaultDrop(IPSecIPv4Fwd):
-    """ IPSec: outbound packets drop by default with no matching rule """
+    """IPSec: outbound packets drop by default with no matching rule"""
 
     def test_ipsec_inbound_default_drop(self):
         # configure two interfaces and bind the same SPD to both
@@ -104,13 +125,26 @@ class IPSecOutboundDefaultDrop(IPSecIPv4Fwd):
 
         # catch-all inbound BYPASS policy, all interfaces
         inbound_policy = self.spd_add_rem_policy(
-            1, None, None, socket.IPPROTO_UDP, is_out=0, priority=10,
-            policy_type="bypass", all_ips=True)
+            1,
+            None,
+            None,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=0,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+            all_ips=True,
+        )
 
         # outbound BYPASS policy allowing traffic from pg0->pg1
         outbound_policy = self.spd_add_rem_policy(
-            1, self.pg0, self.pg1, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=1, priority=10, policy_type="bypass")
+            1,
+            self.pg0,
+            self.pg1,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=1,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+        )
 
         # create a packet stream pg0->pg1 + add to pg0
         packets0 = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, pkt_count)
@@ -125,8 +159,7 @@ class IPSecOutboundDefaultDrop(IPSecIPv4Fwd):
             try:
                 self.logger.debug(ppp("SPD - Got packet:", packet))
             except Exception:
-                self.logger.error(
-                    ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:", packet))
+                self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:", packet))
                 raise
         self.logger.debug("SPD: Num packets: %s", len(cap1.res))
         # verify captures on pg1
@@ -137,9 +170,15 @@ class IPSecOutboundDefaultDrop(IPSecIPv4Fwd):
 
         # remove outbound rule
         self.spd_add_rem_policy(
-            1, self.pg0, self.pg1, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=1, priority=10, policy_type="bypass",
-            remove=True)
+            1,
+            self.pg0,
+            self.pg1,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=1,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+            remove=True,
+        )
 
         # create another packet stream pg0->pg1 + add to pg0
         packets1 = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, pkt_count)
@@ -148,13 +187,13 @@ class IPSecOutboundDefaultDrop(IPSecIPv4Fwd):
         self.pg_start()
         # confirm traffic was dropped and not forwarded
         self.pg1.assert_nothing_captured(
-            remark="outbound pkts with no matching rules NOT dropped "
-            "by default")
+            remark="outbound pkts with no matching rules NOT dropped " "by default"
+        )
         # inbound rule should have matched twice the # of pkts now
-        self.verify_policy_match(pkt_count*2, inbound_policy)
+        self.verify_policy_match(pkt_count * 2, inbound_policy)
         # as dropped at outbound, outbound policy is the same
         self.verify_policy_match(pkt_count, outbound_policy)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_ipsec_esp.py b/test/test_ipsec_esp.py
index 74d01cd5568..54b877112e9 100644
--- a/test/test_ipsec_esp.py
+++ b/test/test_ipsec_esp.py
@@ -8,14 +8,26 @@ from scapy.packet import Raw
 
 from parameterized import parameterized
 from framework import VppTestRunner
-from template_ipsec import IpsecTra46Tests, IpsecTun46Tests, TemplateIpsec, \
-    IpsecTcpTests, IpsecTun4Tests, IpsecTra4Tests, config_tra_params, \
-    config_tun_params, IPsecIPv4Params, IPsecIPv6Params, \
-    IpsecTra4, IpsecTun4, IpsecTra6, IpsecTun6, \
-    IpsecTun6HandoffTests, IpsecTun4HandoffTests, \
-    IpsecTra6ExtTests
-from vpp_ipsec import VppIpsecSpd, VppIpsecSpdEntry, VppIpsecSA,\
-    VppIpsecSpdItfBinding
+from template_ipsec import (
+    IpsecTra46Tests,
+    IpsecTun46Tests,
+    TemplateIpsec,
+    IpsecTcpTests,
+    IpsecTun4Tests,
+    IpsecTra4Tests,
+    config_tra_params,
+    config_tun_params,
+    IPsecIPv4Params,
+    IPsecIPv6Params,
+    IpsecTra4,
+    IpsecTun4,
+    IpsecTra6,
+    IpsecTun6,
+    IpsecTun6HandoffTests,
+    IpsecTun4HandoffTests,
+    IpsecTra6ExtTests,
+)
+from vpp_ipsec import VppIpsecSpd, VppIpsecSpdEntry, VppIpsecSA, VppIpsecSpdItfBinding
 from vpp_ip_route import VppIpRoute, VppRoutePath
 from vpp_ip import DpoProto
 from vpp_papi import VppEnum
@@ -68,13 +80,11 @@ class ConfigIpsecESP(TemplateIpsec):
         self.tun_spd.add_vpp_config()
         self.net_objs.append(self.tun_spd)
 
-        b = VppIpsecSpdItfBinding(self, self.tun_spd,
-                                  self.tun_if)
+        b = VppIpsecSpdItfBinding(self, self.tun_spd, self.tun_if)
         b.add_vpp_config()
         self.net_objs.append(b)
 
-        b = VppIpsecSpdItfBinding(self, self.tra_spd,
-                                  self.tra_if)
+        b = VppIpsecSpdItfBinding(self, self.tra_spd, self.tra_if)
         b.add_vpp_config()
         self.net_objs.append(b)
 
@@ -87,10 +97,16 @@ class ConfigIpsecESP(TemplateIpsec):
 
         for p in params:
             d = DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_IP6 if p.is_ipv6 else DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_IP4
-            r = VppIpRoute(self,  p.remote_tun_if_host, p.addr_len,
-                           [VppRoutePath(self.tun_if.remote_addr[p.addr_type],
-                                         0xffffffff,
-                                         proto=d)])
+            r = VppIpRoute(
+                self,
+                p.remote_tun_if_host,
+                p.addr_len,
+                [
+                    VppRoutePath(
+                        self.tun_if.remote_addr[p.addr_type], 0xFFFFFFFF, proto=d
+                    )
+                ],
+            )
             r.add_vpp_config()
             self.net_objs.append(r)
 
@@ -120,75 +136,125 @@ class ConfigIpsecESP(TemplateIpsec):
         salt = params.salt
         objs = []
 
-        params.tun_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(self, scapy_tun_sa_id, scapy_tun_spi,
-                                      auth_algo_vpp_id, auth_key,
-                                      crypt_algo_vpp_id, crypt_key,
-                                      self.vpp_esp_protocol,
-                                      self.tun_if.local_addr[addr_type],
-                                      self.tun_if.remote_addr[addr_type],
-                                      tun_flags=tun_flags,
-                                      dscp=params.dscp,
-                                      flags=flags,
-                                      salt=salt,
-                                      hop_limit=params.outer_hop_limit)
-        params.tun_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(self, vpp_tun_sa_id, vpp_tun_spi,
-                                       auth_algo_vpp_id, auth_key,
-                                       crypt_algo_vpp_id, crypt_key,
-                                       self.vpp_esp_protocol,
-                                       self.tun_if.remote_addr[addr_type],
-                                       self.tun_if.local_addr[addr_type],
-                                       tun_flags=tun_flags,
-                                       dscp=params.dscp,
-                                       flags=flags,
-                                       salt=salt,
-                                       hop_limit=params.outer_hop_limit)
+        params.tun_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            scapy_tun_sa_id,
+            scapy_tun_spi,
+            auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            auth_key,
+            crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            crypt_key,
+            self.vpp_esp_protocol,
+            self.tun_if.local_addr[addr_type],
+            self.tun_if.remote_addr[addr_type],
+            tun_flags=tun_flags,
+            dscp=params.dscp,
+            flags=flags,
+            salt=salt,
+            hop_limit=params.outer_hop_limit,
+        )
+        params.tun_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            vpp_tun_sa_id,
+            vpp_tun_spi,
+            auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            auth_key,
+            crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            crypt_key,
+            self.vpp_esp_protocol,
+            self.tun_if.remote_addr[addr_type],
+            self.tun_if.local_addr[addr_type],
+            tun_flags=tun_flags,
+            dscp=params.dscp,
+            flags=flags,
+            salt=salt,
+            hop_limit=params.outer_hop_limit,
+        )
         objs.append(params.tun_sa_in)
         objs.append(params.tun_sa_out)
 
-        params.spd_policy_in_any = VppIpsecSpdEntry(self, self.tun_spd,
-                                                    scapy_tun_sa_id,
-                                                    addr_any, addr_bcast,
-                                                    addr_any, addr_bcast,
-                                                    socket.IPPROTO_ESP)
-        params.spd_policy_out_any = VppIpsecSpdEntry(self, self.tun_spd,
-                                                     scapy_tun_sa_id,
-                                                     addr_any, addr_bcast,
-                                                     addr_any, addr_bcast,
-                                                     socket.IPPROTO_ESP,
-                                                     is_outbound=0)
+        params.spd_policy_in_any = VppIpsecSpdEntry(
+            self,
+            self.tun_spd,
+            scapy_tun_sa_id,
+            addr_any,
+            addr_bcast,
+            addr_any,
+            addr_bcast,
+            socket.IPPROTO_ESP,
+        )
+        params.spd_policy_out_any = VppIpsecSpdEntry(
+            self,
+            self.tun_spd,
+            scapy_tun_sa_id,
+            addr_any,
+            addr_bcast,
+            addr_any,
+            addr_bcast,
+            socket.IPPROTO_ESP,
+            is_outbound=0,
+        )
         objs.append(params.spd_policy_out_any)
         objs.append(params.spd_policy_in_any)
 
-        objs.append(VppIpsecSpdEntry(self, self.tun_spd, vpp_tun_sa_id,
-                                     remote_tun_if_host, remote_tun_if_host,
-                                     self.pg1.remote_addr[addr_type],
-                                     self.pg1.remote_addr[addr_type],
-                                     0,
-                                     priority=10,
-                                     policy=e.IPSEC_API_SPD_ACTION_PROTECT,
-                                     is_outbound=0))
-        objs.append(VppIpsecSpdEntry(self, self.tun_spd, scapy_tun_sa_id,
-                                     self.pg1.remote_addr[addr_type],
-                                     self.pg1.remote_addr[addr_type],
-                                     remote_tun_if_host, remote_tun_if_host,
-                                     0,
-                                     policy=e.IPSEC_API_SPD_ACTION_PROTECT,
-                                     priority=10))
-        objs.append(VppIpsecSpdEntry(self, self.tun_spd, vpp_tun_sa_id,
-                                     remote_tun_if_host, remote_tun_if_host,
-                                     self.pg0.local_addr[addr_type],
-                                     self.pg0.local_addr[addr_type],
-                                     0,
-                                     priority=20,
-                                     policy=e.IPSEC_API_SPD_ACTION_PROTECT,
-                                     is_outbound=0))
-        objs.append(VppIpsecSpdEntry(self, self.tun_spd, scapy_tun_sa_id,
-                                     self.pg0.local_addr[addr_type],
-                                     self.pg0.local_addr[addr_type],
-                                     remote_tun_if_host, remote_tun_if_host,
-                                     0,
-                                     policy=e.IPSEC_API_SPD_ACTION_PROTECT,
-                                     priority=20))
+        objs.append(
+            VppIpsecSpdEntry(
+                self,
+                self.tun_spd,
+                vpp_tun_sa_id,
+                remote_tun_if_host,
+                remote_tun_if_host,
+                self.pg1.remote_addr[addr_type],
+                self.pg1.remote_addr[addr_type],
+                0,
+                priority=10,
+                policy=e.IPSEC_API_SPD_ACTION_PROTECT,
+                is_outbound=0,
+            )
+        )
+        objs.append(
+            VppIpsecSpdEntry(
+                self,
+                self.tun_spd,
+                scapy_tun_sa_id,
+                self.pg1.remote_addr[addr_type],
+                self.pg1.remote_addr[addr_type],
+                remote_tun_if_host,
+                remote_tun_if_host,
+                0,
+                policy=e.IPSEC_API_SPD_ACTION_PROTECT,
+                priority=10,
+            )
+        )
+        objs.append(
+            VppIpsecSpdEntry(
+                self,
+                self.tun_spd,
+                vpp_tun_sa_id,
+                remote_tun_if_host,
+                remote_tun_if_host,
+                self.pg0.local_addr[addr_type],
+                self.pg0.local_addr[addr_type],
+                0,
+                priority=20,
+                policy=e.IPSEC_API_SPD_ACTION_PROTECT,
+                is_outbound=0,
+            )
+        )
+        objs.append(
+            VppIpsecSpdEntry(
+                self,
+                self.tun_spd,
+                scapy_tun_sa_id,
+                self.pg0.local_addr[addr_type],
+                self.pg0.local_addr[addr_type],
+                remote_tun_if_host,
+                remote_tun_if_host,
+                0,
+                policy=e.IPSEC_API_SPD_ACTION_PROTECT,
+                priority=20,
+            )
+        )
         for o in objs:
             o.add_vpp_config()
         self.net_objs = self.net_objs + objs
@@ -210,45 +276,87 @@ class ConfigIpsecESP(TemplateIpsec):
         salt = params.salt
         objs = []
 
-        params.tra_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(self, scapy_tra_sa_id, scapy_tra_spi,
-                                      auth_algo_vpp_id, auth_key,
-                                      crypt_algo_vpp_id, crypt_key,
-                                      self.vpp_esp_protocol,
-                                      flags=flags,
-                                      salt=salt)
-        params.tra_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(self, vpp_tra_sa_id, vpp_tra_spi,
-                                       auth_algo_vpp_id, auth_key,
-                                       crypt_algo_vpp_id, crypt_key,
-                                       self.vpp_esp_protocol,
-                                       flags=flags,
-                                       salt=salt)
+        params.tra_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            scapy_tra_sa_id,
+            scapy_tra_spi,
+            auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            auth_key,
+            crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            crypt_key,
+            self.vpp_esp_protocol,
+            flags=flags,
+            salt=salt,
+        )
+        params.tra_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            vpp_tra_sa_id,
+            vpp_tra_spi,
+            auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            auth_key,
+            crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            crypt_key,
+            self.vpp_esp_protocol,
+            flags=flags,
+            salt=salt,
+        )
         objs.append(params.tra_sa_in)
         objs.append(params.tra_sa_out)
 
-        objs.append(VppIpsecSpdEntry(self, self.tra_spd, vpp_tra_sa_id,
-                                     addr_any, addr_bcast,
-                                     addr_any, addr_bcast,
-                                     socket.IPPROTO_ESP))
-        objs.append(VppIpsecSpdEntry(self, self.tra_spd, vpp_tra_sa_id,
-                                     addr_any, addr_bcast,
-                                     addr_any, addr_bcast,
-                                     socket.IPPROTO_ESP,
-                                     is_outbound=0))
-        objs.append(VppIpsecSpdEntry(self, self.tra_spd, vpp_tra_sa_id,
-                                     self.tra_if.local_addr[addr_type],
-                                     self.tra_if.local_addr[addr_type],
-                                     self.tra_if.remote_addr[addr_type],
-                                     self.tra_if.remote_addr[addr_type],
-                                     0, priority=10,
-                                     policy=e.IPSEC_API_SPD_ACTION_PROTECT,
-                                     is_outbound=0))
-        objs.append(VppIpsecSpdEntry(self, self.tra_spd, scapy_tra_sa_id,
-                                     self.tra_if.local_addr[addr_type],
-                                     self.tra_if.local_addr[addr_type],
-                                     self.tra_if.remote_addr[addr_type],
-                                     self.tra_if.remote_addr[addr_type],
-                                     0, policy=e.IPSEC_API_SPD_ACTION_PROTECT,
-                                     priority=10))
+        objs.append(
+            VppIpsecSpdEntry(
+                self,
+                self.tra_spd,
+                vpp_tra_sa_id,
+                addr_any,
+                addr_bcast,
+                addr_any,
+                addr_bcast,
+                socket.IPPROTO_ESP,
+            )
+        )
+        objs.append(
+            VppIpsecSpdEntry(
+                self,
+                self.tra_spd,
+                vpp_tra_sa_id,
+                addr_any,
+                addr_bcast,
+                addr_any,
+                addr_bcast,
+                socket.IPPROTO_ESP,
+                is_outbound=0,
+            )
+        )
+        objs.append(
+            VppIpsecSpdEntry(
+                self,
+                self.tra_spd,
+                vpp_tra_sa_id,
+                self.tra_if.local_addr[addr_type],
+                self.tra_if.local_addr[addr_type],
+                self.tra_if.remote_addr[addr_type],
+                self.tra_if.remote_addr[addr_type],
+                0,
+                priority=10,
+                policy=e.IPSEC_API_SPD_ACTION_PROTECT,
+                is_outbound=0,
+            )
+        )
+        objs.append(
+            VppIpsecSpdEntry(
+                self,
+                self.tra_spd,
+                scapy_tra_sa_id,
+                self.tra_if.local_addr[addr_type],
+                self.tra_if.local_addr[addr_type],
+                self.tra_if.remote_addr[addr_type],
+                self.tra_if.remote_addr[addr_type],
+                0,
+                policy=e.IPSEC_API_SPD_ACTION_PROTECT,
+                priority=10,
+            )
+        )
         for o in objs:
             o.add_vpp_config()
         self.net_objs = self.net_objs + objs
@@ -308,9 +416,10 @@ class TemplateIpsecEsp(ConfigIpsecESP):
         super(TemplateIpsecEsp, self).tearDown()
 
 
-class TestIpsecEsp1(TemplateIpsecEsp, IpsecTra46Tests,
-                    IpsecTun46Tests, IpsecTra6ExtTests):
-    """ Ipsec ESP - TUN & TRA tests """
+class TestIpsecEsp1(
+    TemplateIpsecEsp, IpsecTra46Tests, IpsecTun46Tests, IpsecTra6ExtTests
+):
+    """Ipsec ESP - TUN & TRA tests"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -327,7 +436,7 @@ class TestIpsecEsp1(TemplateIpsecEsp, IpsecTra46Tests,
         super(TestIpsecEsp1, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_tun_46(self):
-        """ ipsec 4o6 tunnel """
+        """ipsec 4o6 tunnel"""
         # add an SPD entry to direct 2.2.2.2 to the v6 tunnel SA
         p6 = self.ipv6_params
         p4 = self.ipv4_params
@@ -335,20 +444,25 @@ class TestIpsecEsp1(TemplateIpsecEsp, IpsecTra46Tests,
         p6.remote_tun_if_host4 = "2.2.2.2"
         e = VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_spd_action_t
 
-        VppIpsecSpdEntry(self,
-                         self.tun_spd,
-                         p6.scapy_tun_sa_id,
-                         self.pg1.remote_addr[p4.addr_type],
-                         self.pg1.remote_addr[p4.addr_type],
-                         p6.remote_tun_if_host4,
-                         p6.remote_tun_if_host4,
-                         0,
-                         priority=10,
-                         policy=e.IPSEC_API_SPD_ACTION_PROTECT,
-                         is_outbound=1).add_vpp_config()
-        VppIpRoute(self,  p6.remote_tun_if_host4, p4.addr_len,
-                   [VppRoutePath(self.tun_if.remote_addr[p4.addr_type],
-                                 0xffffffff)]).add_vpp_config()
+        VppIpsecSpdEntry(
+            self,
+            self.tun_spd,
+            p6.scapy_tun_sa_id,
+            self.pg1.remote_addr[p4.addr_type],
+            self.pg1.remote_addr[p4.addr_type],
+            p6.remote_tun_if_host4,
+            p6.remote_tun_if_host4,
+            0,
+            priority=10,
+            policy=e.IPSEC_API_SPD_ACTION_PROTECT,
+            is_outbound=1,
+        ).add_vpp_config()
+        VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            p6.remote_tun_if_host4,
+            p4.addr_len,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.tun_if.remote_addr[p4.addr_type], 0xFFFFFFFF)],
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         old_name = self.tun6_encrypt_node_name
         self.tun6_encrypt_node_name = "esp4-encrypt"
@@ -357,7 +471,7 @@ class TestIpsecEsp1(TemplateIpsecEsp, IpsecTra46Tests,
         self.tun6_encrypt_node_name = old_name
 
     def test_tun_64(self):
-        """ ipsec 6o4 tunnel """
+        """ipsec 6o4 tunnel"""
         # add an SPD entry to direct 4444::4 to the v4 tunnel SA
         p6 = self.ipv6_params
         p4 = self.ipv4_params
@@ -365,22 +479,26 @@ class TestIpsecEsp1(TemplateIpsecEsp, IpsecTra46Tests,
         p4.remote_tun_if_host6 = "4444::4"
         e = VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_spd_action_t
 
-        VppIpsecSpdEntry(self,
-                         self.tun_spd,
-                         p4.scapy_tun_sa_id,
-                         self.pg1.remote_addr[p6.addr_type],
-                         self.pg1.remote_addr[p6.addr_type],
-                         p4.remote_tun_if_host6,
-                         p4.remote_tun_if_host6,
-                         0,
-                         priority=10,
-                         policy=e.IPSEC_API_SPD_ACTION_PROTECT,
-                         is_outbound=1).add_vpp_config()
+        VppIpsecSpdEntry(
+            self,
+            self.tun_spd,
+            p4.scapy_tun_sa_id,
+            self.pg1.remote_addr[p6.addr_type],
+            self.pg1.remote_addr[p6.addr_type],
+            p4.remote_tun_if_host6,
+            p4.remote_tun_if_host6,
+            0,
+            priority=10,
+            policy=e.IPSEC_API_SPD_ACTION_PROTECT,
+            is_outbound=1,
+        ).add_vpp_config()
         d = DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_IP6
-        VppIpRoute(self,  p4.remote_tun_if_host6, p6.addr_len,
-                   [VppRoutePath(self.tun_if.remote_addr[p6.addr_type],
-                                 0xffffffff,
-                                 proto=d)]).add_vpp_config()
+        VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            p4.remote_tun_if_host6,
+            p6.addr_len,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.tun_if.remote_addr[p6.addr_type], 0xFFFFFFFF, proto=d)],
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         old_name = self.tun4_encrypt_node_name
         self.tun4_encrypt_node_name = "esp6-encrypt"
@@ -389,16 +507,18 @@ class TestIpsecEsp1(TemplateIpsecEsp, IpsecTra46Tests,
 
 
 class TestIpsecEspTun(TemplateIpsecEsp, IpsecTun46Tests):
-    """ Ipsec ESP - TUN encap tests """
+    """Ipsec ESP - TUN encap tests"""
 
     def setUp(self):
         self.ipv4_params = IPsecIPv4Params()
         self.ipv6_params = IPsecIPv6Params()
 
-        c = (VppEnum.vl_api_tunnel_encap_decap_flags_t.
-             TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_COPY_DSCP)
-        c1 = c | (VppEnum.vl_api_tunnel_encap_decap_flags_t.
-                  TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_COPY_ECN)
+        c = (
+            VppEnum.vl_api_tunnel_encap_decap_flags_t.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_COPY_DSCP
+        )
+        c1 = c | (
+            VppEnum.vl_api_tunnel_encap_decap_flags_t.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_COPY_ECN
+        )
 
         self.ipv4_params.tun_flags = c
         self.ipv6_params.tun_flags = c1
@@ -407,19 +527,23 @@ class TestIpsecEspTun(TemplateIpsecEsp, IpsecTun46Tests):
 
     def gen_pkts(self, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=54):
         # set the DSCP + ECN - flags are set to copy only DSCP
-        return [Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac) /
-                IP(src=src, dst=dst, tos=5) /
-                UDP(sport=4444, dport=4444) /
-                Raw(b'X' * payload_size)
-                for i in range(count)]
+        return [
+            Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=src, dst=dst, tos=5)
+            / UDP(sport=4444, dport=4444)
+            / Raw(b"X" * payload_size)
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
     def gen_pkts6(self, p, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=54):
         # set the DSCP + ECN - flags are set to copy both
-        return [Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac) /
-                IPv6(src=src, dst=dst, tc=5) /
-                UDP(sport=4444, dport=4444) /
-                Raw(b'X' * payload_size)
-                for i in range(count)]
+        return [
+            Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=src, dst=dst, tc=5)
+            / UDP(sport=4444, dport=4444)
+            / Raw(b"X" * payload_size)
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
     def verify_encrypted(self, p, sa, rxs):
         # just check that only the DSCP is copied
@@ -433,7 +557,7 @@ class TestIpsecEspTun(TemplateIpsecEsp, IpsecTun46Tests):
 
 
 class TestIpsecEspTun2(TemplateIpsecEsp, IpsecTun46Tests):
-    """ Ipsec ESP - TUN DSCP tests """
+    """Ipsec ESP - TUN DSCP tests"""
 
     def setUp(self):
         self.ipv4_params = IPsecIPv4Params()
@@ -445,39 +569,44 @@ class TestIpsecEspTun2(TemplateIpsecEsp, IpsecTun46Tests):
         super(TestIpsecEspTun2, self).setUp()
 
     def gen_pkts(self, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=54):
-        return [Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac) /
-                IP(src=src, dst=dst) /
-                UDP(sport=4444, dport=4444) /
-                Raw(b'X' * payload_size)
-                for i in range(count)]
+        return [
+            Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=src, dst=dst)
+            / UDP(sport=4444, dport=4444)
+            / Raw(b"X" * payload_size)
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
     def gen_pkts6(self, p, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=54):
-        return [Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac) /
-                IPv6(src=src, dst=dst) /
-                UDP(sport=4444, dport=4444) /
-                Raw(b'X' * payload_size)
-                for i in range(count)]
+        return [
+            Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=src, dst=dst)
+            / UDP(sport=4444, dport=4444)
+            / Raw(b"X" * payload_size)
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
     def verify_encrypted(self, p, sa, rxs):
         # just check that only the DSCP is set
         for rx in rxs:
-            self.assertEqual(rx[IP].tos,
-                             VppEnum.vl_api_ip_dscp_t.IP_API_DSCP_EF << 2)
+            self.assertEqual(rx[IP].tos, VppEnum.vl_api_ip_dscp_t.IP_API_DSCP_EF << 2)
 
     def verify_encrypted6(self, p, sa, rxs):
         # just check that the DSCP is set
         for rx in rxs:
-            self.assertEqual(rx[IPv6].tc,
-                             VppEnum.vl_api_ip_dscp_t.IP_API_DSCP_AF11 << 2)
+            self.assertEqual(
+                rx[IPv6].tc, VppEnum.vl_api_ip_dscp_t.IP_API_DSCP_AF11 << 2
+            )
 
 
 class TestIpsecEsp2(TemplateIpsecEsp, IpsecTcpTests):
-    """ Ipsec ESP - TCP tests """
+    """Ipsec ESP - TCP tests"""
+
     pass
 
 
 class TestIpsecEspAsync(TemplateIpsecEsp):
-    """ Ipsec ESP - Aysnc tests """
+    """Ipsec ESP - Aysnc tests"""
 
     vpp_worker_count = 2
 
@@ -486,15 +615,16 @@ class TestIpsecEspAsync(TemplateIpsecEsp):
 
         self.p_sync = IPsecIPv4Params()
 
-        self.p_sync.crypt_algo_vpp_id = (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.
-                                         IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_CBC_256)
-        self.p_sync.crypt_algo = 'AES-CBC'  # scapy name
-        self.p_sync.crypt_key = b'JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7hJPjyOWBeVEQiMe7h'
+        self.p_sync.crypt_algo_vpp_id = (
+            VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_CBC_256
+        )
+        self.p_sync.crypt_algo = "AES-CBC"  # scapy name
+        self.p_sync.crypt_key = b"JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7hJPjyOWBeVEQiMe7h"
 
-        self.p_sync.scapy_tun_sa_id += 0xf0000
-        self.p_sync.scapy_tun_spi += 0xf0000
-        self.p_sync.vpp_tun_sa_id += 0xf0000
-        self.p_sync.vpp_tun_spi += 0xf0000
+        self.p_sync.scapy_tun_sa_id += 0xF0000
+        self.p_sync.scapy_tun_spi += 0xF0000
+        self.p_sync.vpp_tun_sa_id += 0xF0000
+        self.p_sync.vpp_tun_spi += 0xF0000
         self.p_sync.remote_tun_if_host = "2.2.2.2"
         e = VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_spd_action_t
 
@@ -508,7 +638,8 @@ class TestIpsecEspAsync(TemplateIpsecEsp):
             self.p_sync.crypt_key,
             self.vpp_esp_protocol,
             self.tun_if.local_addr[self.p_sync.addr_type],
-            self.tun_if.remote_addr[self.p_sync.addr_type]).add_vpp_config()
+            self.tun_if.remote_addr[self.p_sync.addr_type],
+        ).add_vpp_config()
         self.p_sync.spd = VppIpsecSpdEntry(
             self,
             self.tun_spd,
@@ -520,35 +651,40 @@ class TestIpsecEspAsync(TemplateIpsecEsp):
             0,
             priority=1,
             policy=e.IPSEC_API_SPD_ACTION_PROTECT,
-            is_outbound=1).add_vpp_config()
-        VppIpRoute(self,
-                   self.p_sync.remote_tun_if_host,
-                   self.p_sync.addr_len,
-                   [VppRoutePath(
-                       self.tun_if.remote_addr[self.p_sync.addr_type],
-                       0xffffffff)]).add_vpp_config()
+            is_outbound=1,
+        ).add_vpp_config()
+        VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            self.p_sync.remote_tun_if_host,
+            self.p_sync.addr_len,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.tun_if.remote_addr[self.p_sync.addr_type], 0xFFFFFFFF)],
+        ).add_vpp_config()
         config_tun_params(self.p_sync, self.encryption_type, self.tun_if)
 
         self.p_async = IPsecIPv4Params()
 
-        self.p_async.crypt_algo_vpp_id = (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.
-                                          IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_GCM_256)
-        self.p_async.auth_algo_vpp_id = (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.
-                                         IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_NONE)
-        self.p_async.crypt_algo = 'AES-GCM'  # scapy name
-        self.p_async.crypt_key = b'JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7hJPjyOWBeVEQiMe7h'
-        self.p_async.auth_algo = 'NULL'
+        self.p_async.crypt_algo_vpp_id = (
+            VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_GCM_256
+        )
+        self.p_async.auth_algo_vpp_id = (
+            VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_NONE
+        )
+        self.p_async.crypt_algo = "AES-GCM"  # scapy name
+        self.p_async.crypt_key = b"JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7hJPjyOWBeVEQiMe7h"
+        self.p_async.auth_algo = "NULL"
 
-        self.p_async.scapy_tun_sa_id += 0xe0000
-        self.p_async.scapy_tun_spi += 0xe0000
-        self.p_async.vpp_tun_sa_id += 0xe0000
-        self.p_async.vpp_tun_spi += 0xe0000
+        self.p_async.scapy_tun_sa_id += 0xE0000
+        self.p_async.scapy_tun_spi += 0xE0000
+        self.p_async.vpp_tun_sa_id += 0xE0000
+        self.p_async.vpp_tun_spi += 0xE0000
         self.p_async.remote_tun_if_host = "2.2.2.3"
 
         iflags = VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_sad_flags_t
-        self.p_async.flags = (iflags.IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_USE_ESN |
-                              iflags.IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_USE_ANTI_REPLAY |
-                              iflags.IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_ASYNC)
+        self.p_async.flags = (
+            iflags.IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_USE_ESN
+            | iflags.IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_USE_ANTI_REPLAY
+            | iflags.IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_ASYNC
+        )
 
         self.p_async.sa = VppIpsecSA(
             self,
@@ -561,7 +697,8 @@ class TestIpsecEspAsync(TemplateIpsecEsp):
             self.vpp_esp_protocol,
             self.tun_if.local_addr[self.p_async.addr_type],
             self.tun_if.remote_addr[self.p_async.addr_type],
-            flags=self.p_async.flags).add_vpp_config()
+            flags=self.p_async.flags,
+        ).add_vpp_config()
         self.p_async.spd = VppIpsecSpdEntry(
             self,
             self.tun_spd,
@@ -573,30 +710,35 @@ class TestIpsecEspAsync(TemplateIpsecEsp):
             0,
             priority=2,
             policy=e.IPSEC_API_SPD_ACTION_PROTECT,
-            is_outbound=1).add_vpp_config()
-        VppIpRoute(self,
-                   self.p_async.remote_tun_if_host,
-                   self.p_async.addr_len,
-                   [VppRoutePath(
-                       self.tun_if.remote_addr[self.p_async.addr_type],
-                       0xffffffff)]).add_vpp_config()
+            is_outbound=1,
+        ).add_vpp_config()
+        VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            self.p_async.remote_tun_if_host,
+            self.p_async.addr_len,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.tun_if.remote_addr[self.p_async.addr_type], 0xFFFFFFFF)],
+        ).add_vpp_config()
         config_tun_params(self.p_async, self.encryption_type, self.tun_if)
 
     def test_dual_stream(self):
-        """ Alternating SAs """
+        """Alternating SAs"""
         p = self.params[self.p_sync.addr_type]
         self.vapi.ipsec_set_async_mode(async_enable=True)
 
-        pkts = [(Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                    dst=self.p_sync.remote_tun_if_host) /
-                 UDP(sport=4444, dport=4444) /
-                 Raw(b'0x0' * 200)),
-                (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                    dst=p.remote_tun_if_host) /
-                 UDP(sport=4444, dport=4444) /
-                 Raw(b'0x0' * 200))]
+        pkts = [
+            (
+                Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.p_sync.remote_tun_if_host)
+                / UDP(sport=4444, dport=4444)
+                / Raw(b"0x0" * 200)
+            ),
+            (
+                Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=p.remote_tun_if_host)
+                / UDP(sport=4444, dport=4444)
+                / Raw(b"0x0" * 200)
+            ),
+        ]
         pkts *= 1023
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, pkts, self.pg0)
@@ -619,15 +761,18 @@ class TestIpsecEspAsync(TemplateIpsecEsp):
         self.vapi.ipsec_set_async_mode(async_enable=False)
 
     def test_sync_async_noop_stream(self):
-        """ Alternating SAs sync/async/noop """
+        """Alternating SAs sync/async/noop"""
         p = self.params[self.p_sync.addr_type]
 
         # first pin the default/noop SA to worker 0
-        pkts = [(Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                    dst=p.remote_tun_if_host) /
-                 UDP(sport=4444, dport=4444) /
-                 Raw(b'0x0' * 200))]
+        pkts = [
+            (
+                Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=p.remote_tun_if_host)
+                / UDP(sport=4444, dport=4444)
+                / Raw(b"0x0" * 200)
+            )
+        ]
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, pkts, self.pg0, worker=0)
 
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh ipsec sa"))
@@ -635,21 +780,26 @@ class TestIpsecEspAsync(TemplateIpsecEsp):
 
         # then use all the other SAs on worker 1.
         # some will handoff, other take the sync and async paths
-        pkts = [(Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                    dst=self.p_sync.remote_tun_if_host) /
-                 UDP(sport=4444, dport=4444) /
-                 Raw(b'0x0' * 200)),
-                (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                    dst=p.remote_tun_if_host) /
-                 UDP(sport=4444, dport=4444) /
-                 Raw(b'0x0' * 200)),
-                (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                    dst=self.p_async.remote_tun_if_host) /
-                 UDP(sport=4444, dport=4444) /
-                 Raw(b'0x0' * 200))]
+        pkts = [
+            (
+                Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.p_sync.remote_tun_if_host)
+                / UDP(sport=4444, dport=4444)
+                / Raw(b"0x0" * 200)
+            ),
+            (
+                Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=p.remote_tun_if_host)
+                / UDP(sport=4444, dport=4444)
+                / Raw(b"0x0" * 200)
+            ),
+            (
+                Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.p_async.remote_tun_if_host)
+                / UDP(sport=4444, dport=4444)
+                / Raw(b"0x0" * 200)
+            ),
+        ]
         pkts *= 1023
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, pkts, self.pg0, worker=1)
@@ -678,10 +828,11 @@ class TestIpsecEspAsync(TemplateIpsecEsp):
         self.assertTrue("DISABLED" in self.vapi.cli("sh crypto async status"))
 
 
-class TestIpsecEspHandoff(TemplateIpsecEsp,
-                          IpsecTun6HandoffTests,
-                          IpsecTun4HandoffTests):
-    """ Ipsec ESP - handoff tests """
+class TestIpsecEspHandoff(
+    TemplateIpsecEsp, IpsecTun6HandoffTests, IpsecTun4HandoffTests
+):
+    """Ipsec ESP - handoff tests"""
+
     pass
 
 
@@ -706,33 +857,33 @@ class TemplateIpsecEspUdp(ConfigIpsecESP):
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli("show int addr"))
 
         p = self.ipv4_params
-        p.flags = (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_sad_flags_t.
-                   IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_UDP_ENCAP |
-                   VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_sad_flags_t.
-                   IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_USE_ANTI_REPLAY)
+        p.flags = (
+            VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_sad_flags_t.IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_UDP_ENCAP
+            | VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_sad_flags_t.IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_USE_ANTI_REPLAY
+        )
         p.nat_header = UDP(sport=5454, dport=4500)
 
         self.tra_spd = VppIpsecSpd(self, self.tra_spd_id)
         self.tra_spd.add_vpp_config()
-        VppIpsecSpdItfBinding(self, self.tra_spd,
-                              self.tra_if).add_vpp_config()
+        VppIpsecSpdItfBinding(self, self.tra_spd, self.tra_if).add_vpp_config()
 
         self.config_esp_tra(p)
         config_tra_params(p, self.encryption_type)
 
         self.tun_spd = VppIpsecSpd(self, self.tun_spd_id)
         self.tun_spd.add_vpp_config()
-        VppIpsecSpdItfBinding(self, self.tun_spd,
-                              self.tun_if).add_vpp_config()
+        VppIpsecSpdItfBinding(self, self.tun_spd, self.tun_if).add_vpp_config()
 
         self.config_esp_tun(p)
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli("show ipsec all"))
 
         d = DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_IP4
-        VppIpRoute(self,  p.remote_tun_if_host, p.addr_len,
-                   [VppRoutePath(self.tun_if.remote_addr[p.addr_type],
-                                 0xffffffff,
-                                 proto=d)]).add_vpp_config()
+        VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            p.remote_tun_if_host,
+            p.addr_len,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.tun_if.remote_addr[p.addr_type], 0xFFFFFFFF, proto=d)],
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
     def tearDown(self):
         super(TemplateIpsecEspUdp, self).tearDown()
@@ -742,11 +893,12 @@ class TemplateIpsecEspUdp(ConfigIpsecESP):
 
 
 class TestIpsecEspUdp(TemplateIpsecEspUdp, IpsecTra4Tests):
-    """ Ipsec NAT-T ESP UDP tests """
+    """Ipsec NAT-T ESP UDP tests"""
+
     pass
 
 
-class MyParameters():
+class MyParameters:
     def __init__(self):
         saf = VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_sad_flags_t
         flag_esn = saf.IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_USE_ESN
@@ -754,111 +906,143 @@ class MyParameters():
         self.flags = [0, flag_esn, flag_ar]
         # foreach crypto algorithm
         self.algos = {
-            'AES-GCM-128/NONE': {
-                  'vpp-crypto': (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.
-                                 IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_GCM_128),
-                  'vpp-integ': (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.
-                                IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_NONE),
-                  'scapy-crypto': "AES-GCM",
-                  'scapy-integ': "NULL",
-                  'key': b"JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7h",
-                  'salt': 0},
-            'AES-GCM-192/NONE': {
-                  'vpp-crypto': (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.
-                                 IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_GCM_192),
-                  'vpp-integ': (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.
-                                IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_NONE),
-                  'scapy-crypto': "AES-GCM",
-                  'scapy-integ': "NULL",
-                  'key': b"JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7h01234567",
-                  'salt': 1010},
-            'AES-GCM-256/NONE': {
-                  'vpp-crypto': (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.
-                                 IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_GCM_256),
-                  'vpp-integ': (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.
-                                IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_NONE),
-                  'scapy-crypto': "AES-GCM",
-                  'scapy-integ': "NULL",
-                  'key': b"JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7h0123456787654321",
-                  'salt': 2020},
-            'AES-CBC-128/MD5-96': {
-                  'vpp-crypto': (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.
-                                 IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_CBC_128),
-                  'vpp-integ': (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.
-                                IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_MD5_96),
-                  'scapy-crypto': "AES-CBC",
-                  'scapy-integ': "HMAC-MD5-96",
-                  'salt': 0,
-                  'key': b"JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7h"},
-            'AES-CBC-192/SHA1-96': {
-                  'vpp-crypto': (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.
-                                 IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_CBC_192),
-                  'vpp-integ': (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.
-                                IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA1_96),
-                  'scapy-crypto': "AES-CBC",
-                  'scapy-integ': "HMAC-SHA1-96",
-                  'salt': 0,
-                  'key': b"JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7hJPjyOWBe"},
-            'AES-CBC-256/SHA1-96': {
-                  'vpp-crypto': (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.
-                                 IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_CBC_256),
-                  'vpp-integ': (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.
-                                IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA1_96),
-                  'scapy-crypto': "AES-CBC",
-                  'scapy-integ': "HMAC-SHA1-96",
-                  'salt': 0,
-                  'key': b"JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7hJPjyOWBeVEQiMe7h"},
-            '3DES-CBC/SHA1-96': {
-                  'vpp-crypto': (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.
-                                 IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_3DES_CBC),
-                  'vpp-integ': (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.
-                                IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA1_96),
-                  'scapy-crypto': "3DES",
-                  'scapy-integ': "HMAC-SHA1-96",
-                  'salt': 0,
-                  'key': b"JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7h00112233"},
-            'NONE/SHA1-96': {
-                  'vpp-crypto': (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.
-                                 IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_NONE),
-                  'vpp-integ': (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.
-                                IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA1_96),
-                  'scapy-crypto': "NULL",
-                  'scapy-integ': "HMAC-SHA1-96",
-                  'salt': 0,
-                  'key': b"JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7h00112233"},
-            'AES-CTR-128/SHA1-96': {
-                  'vpp-crypto': (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.
-                                 IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_CTR_128),
-                  'vpp-integ': (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.
-                                IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA1_96),
-                  'scapy-crypto': "AES-CTR",
-                  'scapy-integ': "HMAC-SHA1-96",
-                  'salt': 0,
-                  'key': b"JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7h"},
-            'AES-CTR-192/SHA1-96': {
-                  'vpp-crypto': (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.
-                                 IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_CTR_192),
-                  'vpp-integ': (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.
-                                IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA1_96),
-                  'scapy-crypto': "AES-CTR",
-                  'scapy-integ': "HMAC-SHA1-96",
-                  'salt': 1010,
-                  'key': b"JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7hJPjyOWBe"},
-            'AES-CTR-256/SHA1-96': {
-                  'vpp-crypto': (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.
-                                 IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_CTR_256),
-                  'vpp-integ': (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.
-                                IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA1_96),
-                  'scapy-crypto': "AES-CTR",
-                  'scapy-integ': "HMAC-SHA1-96",
-                  'salt': 2020,
-                  'key': b"JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7hJPjyOWBeVEQiMe7h"}}
+            "AES-GCM-128/NONE": {
+                "vpp-crypto": (
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_GCM_128
+                ),
+                "vpp-integ": (
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_NONE
+                ),
+                "scapy-crypto": "AES-GCM",
+                "scapy-integ": "NULL",
+                "key": b"JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7h",
+                "salt": 0,
+            },
+            "AES-GCM-192/NONE": {
+                "vpp-crypto": (
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_GCM_192
+                ),
+                "vpp-integ": (
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_NONE
+                ),
+                "scapy-crypto": "AES-GCM",
+                "scapy-integ": "NULL",
+                "key": b"JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7h01234567",
+                "salt": 1010,
+            },
+            "AES-GCM-256/NONE": {
+                "vpp-crypto": (
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_GCM_256
+                ),
+                "vpp-integ": (
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_NONE
+                ),
+                "scapy-crypto": "AES-GCM",
+                "scapy-integ": "NULL",
+                "key": b"JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7h0123456787654321",
+                "salt": 2020,
+            },
+            "AES-CBC-128/MD5-96": {
+                "vpp-crypto": (
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_CBC_128
+                ),
+                "vpp-integ": (
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_MD5_96
+                ),
+                "scapy-crypto": "AES-CBC",
+                "scapy-integ": "HMAC-MD5-96",
+                "salt": 0,
+                "key": b"JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7h",
+            },
+            "AES-CBC-192/SHA1-96": {
+                "vpp-crypto": (
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_CBC_192
+                ),
+                "vpp-integ": (
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA1_96
+                ),
+                "scapy-crypto": "AES-CBC",
+                "scapy-integ": "HMAC-SHA1-96",
+                "salt": 0,
+                "key": b"JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7hJPjyOWBe",
+            },
+            "AES-CBC-256/SHA1-96": {
+                "vpp-crypto": (
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_CBC_256
+                ),
+                "vpp-integ": (
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA1_96
+                ),
+                "scapy-crypto": "AES-CBC",
+                "scapy-integ": "HMAC-SHA1-96",
+                "salt": 0,
+                "key": b"JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7hJPjyOWBeVEQiMe7h",
+            },
+            "3DES-CBC/SHA1-96": {
+                "vpp-crypto": (
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_3DES_CBC
+                ),
+                "vpp-integ": (
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA1_96
+                ),
+                "scapy-crypto": "3DES",
+                "scapy-integ": "HMAC-SHA1-96",
+                "salt": 0,
+                "key": b"JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7h00112233",
+            },
+            "NONE/SHA1-96": {
+                "vpp-crypto": (
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_NONE
+                ),
+                "vpp-integ": (
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA1_96
+                ),
+                "scapy-crypto": "NULL",
+                "scapy-integ": "HMAC-SHA1-96",
+                "salt": 0,
+                "key": b"JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7h00112233",
+            },
+            "AES-CTR-128/SHA1-96": {
+                "vpp-crypto": (
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_CTR_128
+                ),
+                "vpp-integ": (
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA1_96
+                ),
+                "scapy-crypto": "AES-CTR",
+                "scapy-integ": "HMAC-SHA1-96",
+                "salt": 0,
+                "key": b"JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7h",
+            },
+            "AES-CTR-192/SHA1-96": {
+                "vpp-crypto": (
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_CTR_192
+                ),
+                "vpp-integ": (
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA1_96
+                ),
+                "scapy-crypto": "AES-CTR",
+                "scapy-integ": "HMAC-SHA1-96",
+                "salt": 1010,
+                "key": b"JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7hJPjyOWBe",
+            },
+            "AES-CTR-256/SHA1-96": {
+                "vpp-crypto": (
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_CTR_256
+                ),
+                "vpp-integ": (
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA1_96
+                ),
+                "scapy-crypto": "AES-CTR",
+                "scapy-integ": "HMAC-SHA1-96",
+                "salt": 2020,
+                "key": b"JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7hJPjyOWBeVEQiMe7h",
+            },
+        }
 
 
-class RunTestIpsecEspAll(ConfigIpsecESP,
-                         IpsecTra4, IpsecTra6,
-                         IpsecTun4, IpsecTun6):
-    """ Ipsec ESP all Algos """
+class RunTestIpsecEspAll(ConfigIpsecESP, IpsecTra4, IpsecTra6, IpsecTun4, IpsecTun6):
+    """Ipsec ESP all Algos"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpConstants(cls):
@@ -875,9 +1059,9 @@ class RunTestIpsecEspAll(ConfigIpsecESP,
         params = MyParameters()
         self.engine = test_args[0]
         self.flag = params.flags[0]
-        if test_args[1] == 'ESNon':
+        if test_args[1] == "ESNon":
             self.flag |= params.flags[1]
-        if test_args[2] == 'ARon':
+        if test_args[2] == "ARon":
             self.flag |= params.flags[2]
 
         self.algo = params.algos[test_args[3]]
@@ -901,18 +1085,18 @@ class RunTestIpsecEspAll(ConfigIpsecESP,
         self.ipv4_params = IPsecIPv4Params()
         self.ipv6_params = IPsecIPv6Params()
 
-        self.params = {self.ipv4_params.addr_type:
-                       self.ipv4_params,
-                       self.ipv6_params.addr_type:
-                       self.ipv6_params}
+        self.params = {
+            self.ipv4_params.addr_type: self.ipv4_params,
+            self.ipv6_params.addr_type: self.ipv6_params,
+        }
 
         for _, p in self.params.items():
-            p.auth_algo_vpp_id = algo['vpp-integ']
-            p.crypt_algo_vpp_id = algo['vpp-crypto']
-            p.crypt_algo = algo['scapy-crypto']
-            p.auth_algo = algo['scapy-integ']
-            p.crypt_key = algo['key']
-            p.salt = algo['salt']
+            p.auth_algo_vpp_id = algo["vpp-integ"]
+            p.crypt_algo_vpp_id = algo["vpp-crypto"]
+            p.crypt_algo = algo["scapy-crypto"]
+            p.auth_algo = algo["scapy-integ"]
+            p.crypt_key = algo["key"]
+            p.salt = algo["salt"]
             p.flags = flag
             p.outer_flow_label = 243224
             p.async_mode = self.async_mode
@@ -931,8 +1115,7 @@ class RunTestIpsecEspAll(ConfigIpsecESP,
         #
         self.verify_tra_basic6(count=NUM_PKTS)
         self.verify_tra_basic4(count=NUM_PKTS)
-        self.verify_tun_66(self.params[socket.AF_INET6],
-                           count=NUM_PKTS)
+        self.verify_tun_66(self.params[socket.AF_INET6], count=NUM_PKTS)
         #
         # Use an odd-byte payload size to check for correct padding.
         #
@@ -940,26 +1123,29 @@ class RunTestIpsecEspAll(ConfigIpsecESP,
         # to 56 for 8 byte alignment, and +13 to 64 for 64 byte alignment.
         # This should catch bugs where the code is incorrectly over-padding
         # for algorithms that don't require it
-        psz = 49 - len(IP()/ICMP()) if payload_size is None else payload_size
-        self.verify_tun_44(self.params[socket.AF_INET],
-                           count=NUM_PKTS, payload_size=psz)
+        psz = 49 - len(IP() / ICMP()) if payload_size is None else payload_size
+        self.verify_tun_44(
+            self.params[socket.AF_INET], count=NUM_PKTS, payload_size=psz
+        )
 
         LARGE_PKT_SZ = [
             1970,  # results in 2 chained buffers entering decrypt node
-                   # but leaving as simple buffer due to ICV removal (tra4)
+            # but leaving as simple buffer due to ICV removal (tra4)
             2004,  # footer+ICV will be added to 2nd buffer (tun4)
             4010,  # ICV ends up splitted across 2 buffers in esp_decrypt
-                   # for transport4; transport6 takes normal path
+            # for transport4; transport6 takes normal path
             4020,  # same as above but tra4 and tra6 are switched
         ]
         if self.engine in engines_supporting_chain_bufs:
             for sz in LARGE_PKT_SZ:
                 self.verify_tra_basic4(count=NUM_PKTS, payload_size=sz)
                 self.verify_tra_basic6(count=NUM_PKTS, payload_size=sz)
-                self.verify_tun_66(self.params[socket.AF_INET6],
-                                   count=NUM_PKTS, payload_size=sz)
-                self.verify_tun_44(self.params[socket.AF_INET],
-                                   count=NUM_PKTS, payload_size=sz)
+                self.verify_tun_66(
+                    self.params[socket.AF_INET6], count=NUM_PKTS, payload_size=sz
+                )
+                self.verify_tun_44(
+                    self.params[socket.AF_INET], count=NUM_PKTS, payload_size=sz
+                )
 
         #
         # reconfigure the network and SA to run the
@@ -990,6 +1176,7 @@ class RunTestIpsecEspAll(ConfigIpsecESP,
 
         self.unconfig_network()
 
+
 #
 # To generate test classes, do:
 #   grep '# GEN' test_ipsec_esp.py | sed -e 's/# GEN //g' | bash
@@ -1026,6 +1213,7 @@ class RunTestIpsecEspAll(ConfigIpsecESP,
 
 class Test_native_ESNon_ARon_AES_GCM_128_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNon ARon AES-GCM-128/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNon ARon AES-GCM-128/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1033,6 +1221,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNon_ARon_AES_GCM_128_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNon_ARon_AES_GCM_192_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNon ARon AES-GCM-192/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNon ARon AES-GCM-192/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1040,6 +1229,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNon_ARon_AES_GCM_192_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNon_ARon_AES_GCM_256_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNon ARon AES-GCM-256/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNon ARon AES-GCM-256/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1047,6 +1237,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNon_ARon_AES_GCM_256_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNon_ARon_AES_CBC_128_MD5_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNon ARon AES-CBC-128/MD5-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNon ARon AES-CBC-128/MD5-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1054,6 +1245,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNon_ARon_AES_CBC_128_MD5_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNon_ARon_AES_CBC_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNon ARon AES-CBC-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNon ARon AES-CBC-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1061,6 +1253,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNon_ARon_AES_CBC_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNon_ARon_AES_CBC_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNon ARon AES-CBC-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNon ARon AES-CBC-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1068,6 +1261,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNon_ARon_AES_CBC_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNon_ARon_3DES_CBC_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNon ARon 3DES-CBC/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNon ARon 3DES-CBC/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1075,6 +1269,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNon_ARon_3DES_CBC_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNon_ARon_NONE_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNon ARon NONE/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNon ARon NONE/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1082,6 +1277,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNon_ARon_NONE_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNon_ARon_AES_CTR_128_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNon ARon AES-CTR-128/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNon ARon AES-CTR-128/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1089,6 +1285,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNon_ARon_AES_CTR_128_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNon_ARon_AES_CTR_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNon ARon AES-CTR-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNon ARon AES-CTR-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1096,6 +1293,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNon_ARon_AES_CTR_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNon_ARon_AES_CTR_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNon ARon AES-CTR-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNon ARon AES-CTR-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1103,6 +1301,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNon_ARon_AES_CTR_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNon_ARoff_AES_GCM_128_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNon ARoff AES-GCM-128/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNon ARoff AES-GCM-128/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1110,6 +1309,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNon_ARoff_AES_GCM_128_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNon_ARoff_AES_GCM_192_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNon ARoff AES-GCM-192/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNon ARoff AES-GCM-192/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1117,6 +1317,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNon_ARoff_AES_GCM_192_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNon_ARoff_AES_GCM_256_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNon ARoff AES-GCM-256/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNon ARoff AES-GCM-256/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1124,6 +1325,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNon_ARoff_AES_GCM_256_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNon_ARoff_AES_CBC_128_MD5_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNon ARoff AES-CBC-128/MD5-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNon ARoff AES-CBC-128/MD5-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1131,6 +1333,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNon_ARoff_AES_CBC_128_MD5_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNon_ARoff_AES_CBC_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNon ARoff AES-CBC-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNon ARoff AES-CBC-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1138,6 +1341,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNon_ARoff_AES_CBC_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNon_ARoff_AES_CBC_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNon ARoff AES-CBC-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNon ARoff AES-CBC-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1145,6 +1349,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNon_ARoff_AES_CBC_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNon_ARoff_3DES_CBC_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNon ARoff 3DES-CBC/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNon ARoff 3DES-CBC/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1152,6 +1357,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNon_ARoff_3DES_CBC_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNon_ARoff_NONE_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNon ARoff NONE/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNon ARoff NONE/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1159,6 +1365,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNon_ARoff_NONE_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNon_ARoff_AES_CTR_128_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNon ARoff AES-CTR-128/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNon ARoff AES-CTR-128/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1166,6 +1373,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNon_ARoff_AES_CTR_128_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNon_ARoff_AES_CTR_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNon ARoff AES-CTR-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNon ARoff AES-CTR-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1173,6 +1381,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNon_ARoff_AES_CTR_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNon_ARoff_AES_CTR_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNon ARoff AES-CTR-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNon ARoff AES-CTR-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1180,6 +1389,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNon_ARoff_AES_CTR_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNoff_ARon_AES_GCM_128_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNoff ARon AES-GCM-128/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNoff ARon AES-GCM-128/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1187,6 +1397,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNoff_ARon_AES_GCM_128_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNoff_ARon_AES_GCM_192_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNoff ARon AES-GCM-192/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNoff ARon AES-GCM-192/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1194,6 +1405,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNoff_ARon_AES_GCM_192_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNoff_ARon_AES_GCM_256_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNoff ARon AES-GCM-256/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNoff ARon AES-GCM-256/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1201,6 +1413,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNoff_ARon_AES_GCM_256_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNoff_ARon_AES_CBC_128_MD5_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNoff ARon AES-CBC-128/MD5-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNoff ARon AES-CBC-128/MD5-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1208,6 +1421,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNoff_ARon_AES_CBC_128_MD5_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNoff_ARon_AES_CBC_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNoff ARon AES-CBC-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNoff ARon AES-CBC-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1215,6 +1429,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNoff_ARon_AES_CBC_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNoff_ARon_AES_CBC_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNoff ARon AES-CBC-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNoff ARon AES-CBC-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1222,6 +1437,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNoff_ARon_AES_CBC_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNoff_ARon_3DES_CBC_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNoff ARon 3DES-CBC/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNoff ARon 3DES-CBC/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1229,6 +1445,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNoff_ARon_3DES_CBC_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNoff_ARon_NONE_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNoff ARon NONE/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNoff ARon NONE/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1236,6 +1453,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNoff_ARon_NONE_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNoff_ARon_AES_CTR_128_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNoff ARon AES-CTR-128/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNoff ARon AES-CTR-128/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1243,6 +1461,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNoff_ARon_AES_CTR_128_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNoff_ARon_AES_CTR_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNoff ARon AES-CTR-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNoff ARon AES-CTR-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1250,6 +1469,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNoff_ARon_AES_CTR_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNoff_ARon_AES_CTR_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNoff ARon AES-CTR-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNoff ARon AES-CTR-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1257,6 +1477,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNoff_ARon_AES_CTR_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_GCM_128_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNoff ARoff AES-GCM-128/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNoff ARoff AES-GCM-128/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1264,6 +1485,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_GCM_128_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_GCM_192_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNoff ARoff AES-GCM-192/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNoff ARoff AES-GCM-192/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1271,6 +1493,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_GCM_192_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_GCM_256_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNoff ARoff AES-GCM-256/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNoff ARoff AES-GCM-256/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1278,6 +1501,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_GCM_256_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_CBC_128_MD5_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNoff ARoff AES-CBC-128/MD5-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNoff ARoff AES-CBC-128/MD5-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1285,6 +1509,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_CBC_128_MD5_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_CBC_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNoff ARoff AES-CBC-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNoff ARoff AES-CBC-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1292,6 +1517,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_CBC_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_CBC_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNoff ARoff AES-CBC-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNoff ARoff AES-CBC-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1299,6 +1525,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_CBC_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNoff_ARoff_3DES_CBC_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNoff ARoff 3DES-CBC/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNoff ARoff 3DES-CBC/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1306,6 +1533,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNoff_ARoff_3DES_CBC_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNoff_ARoff_NONE_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNoff ARoff NONE/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNoff ARoff NONE/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1313,6 +1541,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNoff_ARoff_NONE_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_CTR_128_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNoff ARoff AES-CTR-128/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNoff ARoff AES-CTR-128/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1320,6 +1549,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_CTR_128_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_CTR_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNoff ARoff AES-CTR-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNoff ARoff AES-CTR-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1327,6 +1557,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_CTR_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_native_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_CTR_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """native ESNoff ARoff AES-CTR-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """native ESNoff ARoff AES-CTR-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1334,6 +1565,7 @@ class Test_native_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_CTR_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARon_AES_GCM_128_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNon ARon AES-GCM-128/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNon ARon AES-GCM-128/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1341,6 +1573,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARon_AES_GCM_128_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARon_AES_GCM_192_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNon ARon AES-GCM-192/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNon ARon AES-GCM-192/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1348,6 +1581,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARon_AES_GCM_192_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARon_AES_GCM_256_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNon ARon AES-GCM-256/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNon ARon AES-GCM-256/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1355,6 +1589,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARon_AES_GCM_256_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARon_AES_CBC_128_MD5_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNon ARon AES-CBC-128/MD5-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNon ARon AES-CBC-128/MD5-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1362,6 +1597,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARon_AES_CBC_128_MD5_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARon_AES_CBC_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNon ARon AES-CBC-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNon ARon AES-CBC-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1369,6 +1605,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARon_AES_CBC_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARon_AES_CBC_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNon ARon AES-CBC-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNon ARon AES-CBC-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1376,6 +1613,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARon_AES_CBC_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARon_3DES_CBC_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNon ARon 3DES-CBC/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNon ARon 3DES-CBC/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1383,6 +1621,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARon_3DES_CBC_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARon_NONE_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNon ARon NONE/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNon ARon NONE/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1390,6 +1629,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARon_NONE_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARon_AES_CTR_128_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNon ARon AES-CTR-128/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNon ARon AES-CTR-128/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1397,6 +1637,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARon_AES_CTR_128_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARon_AES_CTR_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNon ARon AES-CTR-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNon ARon AES-CTR-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1404,6 +1645,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARon_AES_CTR_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARon_AES_CTR_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNon ARon AES-CTR-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNon ARon AES-CTR-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1411,6 +1653,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARon_AES_CTR_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARoff_AES_GCM_128_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNon ARoff AES-GCM-128/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNon ARoff AES-GCM-128/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1418,6 +1661,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARoff_AES_GCM_128_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARoff_AES_GCM_192_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNon ARoff AES-GCM-192/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNon ARoff AES-GCM-192/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1425,6 +1669,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARoff_AES_GCM_192_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARoff_AES_GCM_256_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNon ARoff AES-GCM-256/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNon ARoff AES-GCM-256/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1432,6 +1677,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARoff_AES_GCM_256_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARoff_AES_CBC_128_MD5_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNon ARoff AES-CBC-128/MD5-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNon ARoff AES-CBC-128/MD5-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1439,6 +1685,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARoff_AES_CBC_128_MD5_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARoff_AES_CBC_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNon ARoff AES-CBC-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNon ARoff AES-CBC-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1446,6 +1693,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARoff_AES_CBC_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARoff_AES_CBC_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNon ARoff AES-CBC-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNon ARoff AES-CBC-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1453,6 +1701,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARoff_AES_CBC_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARoff_3DES_CBC_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNon ARoff 3DES-CBC/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNon ARoff 3DES-CBC/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1460,6 +1709,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARoff_3DES_CBC_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARoff_NONE_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNon ARoff NONE/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNon ARoff NONE/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1467,6 +1717,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARoff_NONE_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARoff_AES_CTR_128_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNon ARoff AES-CTR-128/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNon ARoff AES-CTR-128/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1474,6 +1725,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARoff_AES_CTR_128_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARoff_AES_CTR_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNon ARoff AES-CTR-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNon ARoff AES-CTR-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1481,6 +1733,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARoff_AES_CTR_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARoff_AES_CTR_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNon ARoff AES-CTR-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNon ARoff AES-CTR-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1488,6 +1741,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNon_ARoff_AES_CTR_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARon_AES_GCM_128_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNoff ARon AES-GCM-128/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNoff ARon AES-GCM-128/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1495,6 +1749,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARon_AES_GCM_128_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARon_AES_GCM_192_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNoff ARon AES-GCM-192/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNoff ARon AES-GCM-192/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1502,6 +1757,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARon_AES_GCM_192_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARon_AES_GCM_256_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNoff ARon AES-GCM-256/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNoff ARon AES-GCM-256/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1509,6 +1765,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARon_AES_GCM_256_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARon_AES_CBC_128_MD5_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNoff ARon AES-CBC-128/MD5-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNoff ARon AES-CBC-128/MD5-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1516,6 +1773,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARon_AES_CBC_128_MD5_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARon_AES_CBC_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNoff ARon AES-CBC-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNoff ARon AES-CBC-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1523,6 +1781,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARon_AES_CBC_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARon_AES_CBC_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNoff ARon AES-CBC-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNoff ARon AES-CBC-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1530,6 +1789,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARon_AES_CBC_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARon_3DES_CBC_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNoff ARon 3DES-CBC/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNoff ARon 3DES-CBC/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1537,6 +1797,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARon_3DES_CBC_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARon_NONE_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNoff ARon NONE/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNoff ARon NONE/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1544,6 +1805,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARon_NONE_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARon_AES_CTR_128_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNoff ARon AES-CTR-128/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNoff ARon AES-CTR-128/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1551,6 +1813,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARon_AES_CTR_128_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARon_AES_CTR_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNoff ARon AES-CTR-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNoff ARon AES-CTR-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1558,6 +1821,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARon_AES_CTR_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARon_AES_CTR_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNoff ARon AES-CTR-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNoff ARon AES-CTR-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1565,6 +1829,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARon_AES_CTR_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_GCM_128_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNoff ARoff AES-GCM-128/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNoff ARoff AES-GCM-128/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1572,6 +1837,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_GCM_128_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_GCM_192_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNoff ARoff AES-GCM-192/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNoff ARoff AES-GCM-192/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1579,6 +1845,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_GCM_192_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_GCM_256_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNoff ARoff AES-GCM-256/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNoff ARoff AES-GCM-256/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1586,6 +1853,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_GCM_256_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_CBC_128_MD5_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNoff ARoff AES-CBC-128/MD5-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNoff ARoff AES-CBC-128/MD5-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1593,6 +1861,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_CBC_128_MD5_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_CBC_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNoff ARoff AES-CBC-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNoff ARoff AES-CBC-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1600,6 +1869,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_CBC_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_CBC_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNoff ARoff AES-CBC-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNoff ARoff AES-CBC-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1607,6 +1877,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_CBC_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARoff_3DES_CBC_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNoff ARoff 3DES-CBC/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNoff ARoff 3DES-CBC/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1614,6 +1885,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARoff_3DES_CBC_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARoff_NONE_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNoff ARoff NONE/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNoff ARoff NONE/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1621,6 +1893,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARoff_NONE_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_CTR_128_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNoff ARoff AES-CTR-128/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNoff ARoff AES-CTR-128/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1628,6 +1901,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_CTR_128_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_CTR_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNoff ARoff AES-CTR-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNoff ARoff AES-CTR-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1635,6 +1909,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_CTR_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_CTR_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """ipsecmb ESNoff ARoff AES-CTR-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """ipsecmb ESNoff ARoff AES-CTR-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1642,6 +1917,7 @@ class Test_ipsecmb_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_CTR_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARon_AES_GCM_128_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNon ARon AES-GCM-128/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNon ARon AES-GCM-128/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1649,6 +1925,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARon_AES_GCM_128_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARon_AES_GCM_192_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNon ARon AES-GCM-192/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNon ARon AES-GCM-192/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1656,6 +1933,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARon_AES_GCM_192_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARon_AES_GCM_256_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNon ARon AES-GCM-256/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNon ARon AES-GCM-256/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1663,6 +1941,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARon_AES_GCM_256_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARon_AES_CBC_128_MD5_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNon ARon AES-CBC-128/MD5-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNon ARon AES-CBC-128/MD5-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1670,6 +1949,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARon_AES_CBC_128_MD5_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARon_AES_CBC_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNon ARon AES-CBC-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNon ARon AES-CBC-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1677,6 +1957,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARon_AES_CBC_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARon_AES_CBC_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNon ARon AES-CBC-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNon ARon AES-CBC-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1684,6 +1965,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARon_AES_CBC_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARon_3DES_CBC_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNon ARon 3DES-CBC/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNon ARon 3DES-CBC/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1691,6 +1973,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARon_3DES_CBC_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARon_NONE_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNon ARon NONE/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNon ARon NONE/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1698,6 +1981,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARon_NONE_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARon_AES_CTR_128_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNon ARon AES-CTR-128/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNon ARon AES-CTR-128/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1705,6 +1989,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARon_AES_CTR_128_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARon_AES_CTR_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNon ARon AES-CTR-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNon ARon AES-CTR-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1712,6 +1997,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARon_AES_CTR_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARon_AES_CTR_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNon ARon AES-CTR-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNon ARon AES-CTR-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1719,6 +2005,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARon_AES_CTR_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARoff_AES_GCM_128_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNon ARoff AES-GCM-128/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNon ARoff AES-GCM-128/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1726,6 +2013,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARoff_AES_GCM_128_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARoff_AES_GCM_192_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNon ARoff AES-GCM-192/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNon ARoff AES-GCM-192/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1733,6 +2021,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARoff_AES_GCM_192_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARoff_AES_GCM_256_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNon ARoff AES-GCM-256/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNon ARoff AES-GCM-256/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1740,6 +2029,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARoff_AES_GCM_256_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARoff_AES_CBC_128_MD5_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNon ARoff AES-CBC-128/MD5-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNon ARoff AES-CBC-128/MD5-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1747,6 +2037,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARoff_AES_CBC_128_MD5_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARoff_AES_CBC_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNon ARoff AES-CBC-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNon ARoff AES-CBC-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1754,6 +2045,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARoff_AES_CBC_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARoff_AES_CBC_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNon ARoff AES-CBC-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNon ARoff AES-CBC-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1761,6 +2053,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARoff_AES_CBC_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARoff_3DES_CBC_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNon ARoff 3DES-CBC/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNon ARoff 3DES-CBC/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1768,6 +2061,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARoff_3DES_CBC_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARoff_NONE_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNon ARoff NONE/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNon ARoff NONE/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1775,6 +2069,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARoff_NONE_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARoff_AES_CTR_128_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNon ARoff AES-CTR-128/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNon ARoff AES-CTR-128/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1782,6 +2077,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARoff_AES_CTR_128_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARoff_AES_CTR_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNon ARoff AES-CTR-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNon ARoff AES-CTR-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1789,6 +2085,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARoff_AES_CTR_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARoff_AES_CTR_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNon ARoff AES-CTR-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNon ARoff AES-CTR-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1796,6 +2093,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNon_ARoff_AES_CTR_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARon_AES_GCM_128_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNoff ARon AES-GCM-128/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNoff ARon AES-GCM-128/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1803,6 +2101,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARon_AES_GCM_128_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARon_AES_GCM_192_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNoff ARon AES-GCM-192/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNoff ARon AES-GCM-192/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1810,6 +2109,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARon_AES_GCM_192_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARon_AES_GCM_256_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNoff ARon AES-GCM-256/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNoff ARon AES-GCM-256/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1817,6 +2117,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARon_AES_GCM_256_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARon_AES_CBC_128_MD5_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNoff ARon AES-CBC-128/MD5-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNoff ARon AES-CBC-128/MD5-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1824,6 +2125,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARon_AES_CBC_128_MD5_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARon_AES_CBC_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNoff ARon AES-CBC-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNoff ARon AES-CBC-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1831,6 +2133,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARon_AES_CBC_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARon_AES_CBC_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNoff ARon AES-CBC-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNoff ARon AES-CBC-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1838,6 +2141,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARon_AES_CBC_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARon_3DES_CBC_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNoff ARon 3DES-CBC/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNoff ARon 3DES-CBC/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1845,6 +2149,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARon_3DES_CBC_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARon_NONE_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNoff ARon NONE/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNoff ARon NONE/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1852,6 +2157,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARon_NONE_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARon_AES_CTR_128_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNoff ARon AES-CTR-128/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNoff ARon AES-CTR-128/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1859,6 +2165,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARon_AES_CTR_128_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARon_AES_CTR_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNoff ARon AES-CTR-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNoff ARon AES-CTR-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1866,6 +2173,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARon_AES_CTR_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARon_AES_CTR_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNoff ARon AES-CTR-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNoff ARon AES-CTR-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1873,6 +2181,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARon_AES_CTR_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_GCM_128_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNoff ARoff AES-GCM-128/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNoff ARoff AES-GCM-128/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1880,6 +2189,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_GCM_128_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_GCM_192_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNoff ARoff AES-GCM-192/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNoff ARoff AES-GCM-192/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1887,6 +2197,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_GCM_192_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_GCM_256_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNoff ARoff AES-GCM-256/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNoff ARoff AES-GCM-256/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1894,6 +2205,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_GCM_256_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_CBC_128_MD5_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNoff ARoff AES-CBC-128/MD5-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNoff ARoff AES-CBC-128/MD5-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1901,6 +2213,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_CBC_128_MD5_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_CBC_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNoff ARoff AES-CBC-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNoff ARoff AES-CBC-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1908,6 +2221,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_CBC_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_CBC_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNoff ARoff AES-CBC-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNoff ARoff AES-CBC-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1915,6 +2229,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_CBC_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARoff_3DES_CBC_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNoff ARoff 3DES-CBC/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNoff ARoff 3DES-CBC/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1922,6 +2237,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARoff_3DES_CBC_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARoff_NONE_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNoff ARoff NONE/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNoff ARoff NONE/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1929,6 +2245,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARoff_NONE_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_CTR_128_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNoff ARoff AES-CTR-128/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNoff ARoff AES-CTR-128/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1936,6 +2253,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_CTR_128_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_CTR_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNoff ARoff AES-CTR-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNoff ARoff AES-CTR-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1943,6 +2261,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_CTR_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_CTR_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """openssl ESNoff ARoff AES-CTR-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """openssl ESNoff ARoff AES-CTR-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1950,6 +2269,7 @@ class Test_openssl_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_CTR_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_async_ESNon_ARon_AES_GCM_128_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """async ESNon ARon AES-GCM-128/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """async ESNon ARon AES-GCM-128/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1957,6 +2277,7 @@ class Test_async_ESNon_ARon_AES_GCM_128_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_async_ESNon_ARon_AES_GCM_192_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """async ESNon ARon AES-GCM-192/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """async ESNon ARon AES-GCM-192/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1964,6 +2285,7 @@ class Test_async_ESNon_ARon_AES_GCM_192_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_async_ESNon_ARon_AES_GCM_256_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """async ESNon ARon AES-GCM-256/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """async ESNon ARon AES-GCM-256/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1971,6 +2293,7 @@ class Test_async_ESNon_ARon_AES_GCM_256_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_async_ESNon_ARon_AES_CBC_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """async ESNon ARon AES-CBC-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """async ESNon ARon AES-CBC-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1978,6 +2301,7 @@ class Test_async_ESNon_ARon_AES_CBC_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_async_ESNon_ARon_AES_CBC_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """async ESNon ARon AES-CBC-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """async ESNon ARon AES-CBC-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1985,6 +2309,7 @@ class Test_async_ESNon_ARon_AES_CBC_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_async_ESNon_ARoff_AES_GCM_128_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """async ESNon ARoff AES-GCM-128/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """async ESNon ARoff AES-GCM-128/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1992,6 +2317,7 @@ class Test_async_ESNon_ARoff_AES_GCM_128_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_async_ESNon_ARoff_AES_GCM_192_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """async ESNon ARoff AES-GCM-192/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """async ESNon ARoff AES-GCM-192/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -1999,6 +2325,7 @@ class Test_async_ESNon_ARoff_AES_GCM_192_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_async_ESNon_ARoff_AES_GCM_256_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """async ESNon ARoff AES-GCM-256/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """async ESNon ARoff AES-GCM-256/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -2006,6 +2333,7 @@ class Test_async_ESNon_ARoff_AES_GCM_256_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_async_ESNon_ARoff_AES_CBC_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """async ESNon ARoff AES-CBC-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """async ESNon ARoff AES-CBC-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -2013,6 +2341,7 @@ class Test_async_ESNon_ARoff_AES_CBC_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_async_ESNon_ARoff_AES_CBC_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """async ESNon ARoff AES-CBC-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """async ESNon ARoff AES-CBC-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -2020,6 +2349,7 @@ class Test_async_ESNon_ARoff_AES_CBC_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_async_ESNoff_ARon_AES_GCM_128_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """async ESNoff ARon AES-GCM-128/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """async ESNoff ARon AES-GCM-128/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -2027,6 +2357,7 @@ class Test_async_ESNoff_ARon_AES_GCM_128_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_async_ESNoff_ARon_AES_GCM_192_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """async ESNoff ARon AES-GCM-192/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """async ESNoff ARon AES-GCM-192/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -2034,6 +2365,7 @@ class Test_async_ESNoff_ARon_AES_GCM_192_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_async_ESNoff_ARon_AES_GCM_256_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """async ESNoff ARon AES-GCM-256/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """async ESNoff ARon AES-GCM-256/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -2041,6 +2373,7 @@ class Test_async_ESNoff_ARon_AES_GCM_256_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_async_ESNoff_ARon_AES_CBC_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """async ESNoff ARon AES-CBC-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """async ESNoff ARon AES-CBC-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -2048,6 +2381,7 @@ class Test_async_ESNoff_ARon_AES_CBC_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_async_ESNoff_ARon_AES_CBC_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """async ESNoff ARon AES-CBC-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """async ESNoff ARon AES-CBC-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -2055,6 +2389,7 @@ class Test_async_ESNoff_ARon_AES_CBC_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_async_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_GCM_128_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """async ESNoff ARoff AES-GCM-128/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """async ESNoff ARoff AES-GCM-128/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -2062,6 +2397,7 @@ class Test_async_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_GCM_128_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_async_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_GCM_192_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """async ESNoff ARoff AES-GCM-192/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """async ESNoff ARoff AES-GCM-192/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -2069,6 +2405,7 @@ class Test_async_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_GCM_192_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_async_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_GCM_256_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """async ESNoff ARoff AES-GCM-256/NONE IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """async ESNoff ARoff AES-GCM-256/NONE IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -2076,6 +2413,7 @@ class Test_async_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_GCM_256_NONE(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_async_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_CBC_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """async ESNoff ARoff AES-CBC-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """async ESNoff ARoff AES-CBC-192/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
@@ -2083,6 +2421,7 @@ class Test_async_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_CBC_192_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
 
 class Test_async_ESNoff_ARoff_AES_CBC_256_SHA1_96(RunTestIpsecEspAll):
     """async ESNoff ARoff AES-CBC-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
+
     def test_ipsec(self):
         """async ESNoff ARoff AES-CBC-256/SHA1-96 IPSec test"""
         self.run_test()
diff --git a/test/test_ipsec_nat.py b/test/test_ipsec_nat.py
index b7ccb2befdc..64a2725dda6 100644
--- a/test/test_ipsec_nat.py
+++ b/test/test_ipsec_nat.py
@@ -9,15 +9,14 @@ from scapy.layers.ipsec import SecurityAssociation, ESP
 
 from util import ppp, ppc
 from template_ipsec import TemplateIpsec
-from vpp_ipsec import VppIpsecSA, VppIpsecSpd, VppIpsecSpdEntry,\
-        VppIpsecSpdItfBinding
+from vpp_ipsec import VppIpsecSA, VppIpsecSpd, VppIpsecSpdEntry, VppIpsecSpdItfBinding
 from vpp_ip_route import VppIpRoute, VppRoutePath
 from vpp_ip import DpoProto
 from vpp_papi import VppEnum
 
 
 class IPSecNATTestCase(TemplateIpsec):
-    """ IPSec/NAT
+    """IPSec/NAT
 
     TUNNEL MODE::
 
@@ -53,18 +52,19 @@ class IPSecNATTestCase(TemplateIpsec):
 
         self.tun_spd = VppIpsecSpd(self, self.tun_spd_id)
         self.tun_spd.add_vpp_config()
-        VppIpsecSpdItfBinding(self, self.tun_spd,
-                              self.tun_if).add_vpp_config()
+        VppIpsecSpdItfBinding(self, self.tun_spd, self.tun_if).add_vpp_config()
 
         p = self.ipv4_params
         self.config_esp_tun(p)
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli("show ipsec all"))
 
         d = DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_IP6 if p.is_ipv6 else DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_IP4
-        VppIpRoute(self,  p.remote_tun_if_host, p.addr_len,
-                   [VppRoutePath(self.tun_if.remote_addr[p.addr_type],
-                                 0xffffffff,
-                                 proto=d)]).add_vpp_config()
+        VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            p.remote_tun_if_host,
+            p.addr_len,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.tun_if.remote_addr[p.addr_type], 0xFFFFFFFF, proto=d)],
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
     def tearDown(self):
         super(IPSecNATTestCase, self).tearDown()
@@ -72,65 +72,84 @@ class IPSecNATTestCase(TemplateIpsec):
     def create_stream_plain(self, src_mac, dst_mac, src_ip, dst_ip):
         return [
             # TCP
-            Ether(src=src_mac, dst=dst_mac) /
-            IP(src=src_ip, dst=dst_ip) /
-            TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=20),
+            Ether(src=src_mac, dst=dst_mac)
+            / IP(src=src_ip, dst=dst_ip)
+            / TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=20),
             # UDP
-            Ether(src=src_mac, dst=dst_mac) /
-            IP(src=src_ip, dst=dst_ip) /
-            UDP(sport=self.udp_port_in, dport=20),
+            Ether(src=src_mac, dst=dst_mac)
+            / IP(src=src_ip, dst=dst_ip)
+            / UDP(sport=self.udp_port_in, dport=20),
             # ICMP
-            Ether(src=src_mac, dst=dst_mac) /
-            IP(src=src_ip, dst=dst_ip) /
-            ICMP(id=self.icmp_id_in, type='echo-request')
+            Ether(src=src_mac, dst=dst_mac)
+            / IP(src=src_ip, dst=dst_ip)
+            / ICMP(id=self.icmp_id_in, type="echo-request"),
         ]
 
     def create_stream_encrypted(self, src_mac, dst_mac, src_ip, dst_ip, sa):
         return [
             # TCP
-            Ether(src=src_mac, dst=dst_mac) /
-            sa.encrypt(IP(src=src_ip, dst=dst_ip) /
-                       TCP(dport=self.tcp_port_out, sport=20)),
+            Ether(src=src_mac, dst=dst_mac)
+            / sa.encrypt(
+                IP(src=src_ip, dst=dst_ip) / TCP(dport=self.tcp_port_out, sport=20)
+            ),
             # UDP
-            Ether(src=src_mac, dst=dst_mac) /
-            sa.encrypt(IP(src=src_ip, dst=dst_ip) /
-                       UDP(dport=self.udp_port_out, sport=20)),
+            Ether(src=src_mac, dst=dst_mac)
+            / sa.encrypt(
+                IP(src=src_ip, dst=dst_ip) / UDP(dport=self.udp_port_out, sport=20)
+            ),
             # ICMP
-            Ether(src=src_mac, dst=dst_mac) /
-            sa.encrypt(IP(src=src_ip, dst=dst_ip) /
-                       ICMP(id=self.icmp_id_out, type='echo-request'))
+            Ether(src=src_mac, dst=dst_mac)
+            / sa.encrypt(
+                IP(src=src_ip, dst=dst_ip)
+                / ICMP(id=self.icmp_id_out, type="echo-request")
+            ),
         ]
 
     def verify_capture_plain(self, capture):
         for packet in capture:
             try:
                 self.assert_packet_checksums_valid(packet)
-                self.assert_equal(packet[IP].src, self.tun_if.remote_ip4,
-                                  "decrypted packet source address")
-                self.assert_equal(packet[IP].dst, self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                  "decrypted packet destination address")
+                self.assert_equal(
+                    packet[IP].src,
+                    self.tun_if.remote_ip4,
+                    "decrypted packet source address",
+                )
+                self.assert_equal(
+                    packet[IP].dst,
+                    self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+                    "decrypted packet destination address",
+                )
                 if packet.haslayer(TCP):
                     self.assertFalse(
                         packet.haslayer(UDP),
-                        "unexpected UDP header in decrypted packet")
-                    self.assert_equal(packet[TCP].dport, self.tcp_port_in,
-                                      "decrypted packet TCP destination port")
+                        "unexpected UDP header in decrypted packet",
+                    )
+                    self.assert_equal(
+                        packet[TCP].dport,
+                        self.tcp_port_in,
+                        "decrypted packet TCP destination port",
+                    )
                 elif packet.haslayer(UDP):
                     if packet[UDP].payload:
                         self.assertFalse(
                             packet[UDP][1].haslayer(UDP),
-                            "unexpected UDP header in decrypted packet")
-                    self.assert_equal(packet[UDP].dport, self.udp_port_in,
-                                      "decrypted packet UDP destination port")
+                            "unexpected UDP header in decrypted packet",
+                        )
+                    self.assert_equal(
+                        packet[UDP].dport,
+                        self.udp_port_in,
+                        "decrypted packet UDP destination port",
+                    )
                 else:
                     self.assertFalse(
                         packet.haslayer(UDP),
-                        "unexpected UDP header in decrypted packet")
-                    self.assert_equal(packet[ICMP].id, self.icmp_id_in,
-                                      "decrypted packet ICMP ID")
+                        "unexpected UDP header in decrypted packet",
+                    )
+                    self.assert_equal(
+                        packet[ICMP].id, self.icmp_id_in, "decrypted packet ICMP ID"
+                    )
             except Exception:
-                self.logger.error(
-                    ppp("Unexpected or invalid plain packet:", packet))
+                self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid plain packet:", packet))
                 raise
 
     def verify_capture_encrypted(self, capture, sa):
@@ -139,19 +158,25 @@ class IPSecNATTestCase(TemplateIpsec):
                 copy = packet.__class__(scapy.compat.raw(packet))
                 del copy[UDP].len
                 copy = packet.__class__(scapy.compat.raw(copy))
-                self.assert_equal(packet[UDP].len, copy[UDP].len,
-                                  "UDP header length")
+                self.assert_equal(packet[UDP].len, copy[UDP].len, "UDP header length")
                 self.assert_packet_checksums_valid(packet)
                 self.assertIn(ESP, packet[IP])
                 decrypt_pkt = sa.decrypt(packet[IP])
                 self.assert_packet_checksums_valid(decrypt_pkt)
-                self.assert_equal(decrypt_pkt[IP].src, self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                  "encrypted packet source address")
-                self.assert_equal(decrypt_pkt[IP].dst, self.tun_if.remote_ip4,
-                                  "encrypted packet destination address")
+                self.assert_equal(
+                    decrypt_pkt[IP].src,
+                    self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+                    "encrypted packet source address",
+                )
+                self.assert_equal(
+                    decrypt_pkt[IP].dst,
+                    self.tun_if.remote_ip4,
+                    "encrypted packet destination address",
+                )
             except Exception:
                 self.logger.error(
-                    ppp("Unexpected or invalid encrypted packet:", packet))
+                    ppp("Unexpected or invalid encrypted packet:", packet)
+                )
                 raise
 
     def config_esp_tun(self, params):
@@ -166,104 +191,153 @@ class IPSecNATTestCase(TemplateIpsec):
         crypt_key = params.crypt_key
         addr_any = params.addr_any
         addr_bcast = params.addr_bcast
-        flags = (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_sad_flags_t.
-                 IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_UDP_ENCAP)
+        flags = VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_sad_flags_t.IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_UDP_ENCAP
         e = VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_spd_action_t
 
-        VppIpsecSA(self, scapy_tun_sa_id, scapy_tun_spi,
-                   auth_algo_vpp_id, auth_key,
-                   crypt_algo_vpp_id, crypt_key,
-                   self.vpp_esp_protocol,
-                   self.pg1.remote_addr[addr_type],
-                   self.tun_if.remote_addr[addr_type],
-                   flags=flags).add_vpp_config()
-        VppIpsecSA(self, vpp_tun_sa_id, vpp_tun_spi,
-                   auth_algo_vpp_id, auth_key,
-                   crypt_algo_vpp_id, crypt_key,
-                   self.vpp_esp_protocol,
-                   self.tun_if.remote_addr[addr_type],
-                   self.pg1.remote_addr[addr_type],
-                   flags=flags).add_vpp_config()
+        VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            scapy_tun_sa_id,
+            scapy_tun_spi,
+            auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            auth_key,
+            crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            crypt_key,
+            self.vpp_esp_protocol,
+            self.pg1.remote_addr[addr_type],
+            self.tun_if.remote_addr[addr_type],
+            flags=flags,
+        ).add_vpp_config()
+        VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            vpp_tun_sa_id,
+            vpp_tun_spi,
+            auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            auth_key,
+            crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            crypt_key,
+            self.vpp_esp_protocol,
+            self.tun_if.remote_addr[addr_type],
+            self.pg1.remote_addr[addr_type],
+            flags=flags,
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
-        VppIpsecSpdEntry(self, self.tun_spd, scapy_tun_sa_id,
-                         addr_any, addr_bcast,
-                         addr_any, addr_bcast,
-                         socket.IPPROTO_ESP).add_vpp_config()
-        VppIpsecSpdEntry(self, self.tun_spd, scapy_tun_sa_id,
-                         addr_any, addr_bcast,
-                         addr_any, addr_bcast,
-                         socket.IPPROTO_ESP,
-                         is_outbound=0).add_vpp_config()
-        VppIpsecSpdEntry(self, self.tun_spd, scapy_tun_sa_id,
-                         addr_any, addr_bcast,
-                         addr_any, addr_bcast,
-                         socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-                         remote_port_start=4500,
-                         remote_port_stop=4500).add_vpp_config()
-        VppIpsecSpdEntry(self, self.tun_spd, scapy_tun_sa_id,
-                         addr_any, addr_bcast,
-                         addr_any, addr_bcast,
-                         socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-                         remote_port_start=4500,
-                         remote_port_stop=4500,
-                         is_outbound=0).add_vpp_config()
-        VppIpsecSpdEntry(self, self.tun_spd, vpp_tun_sa_id,
-                         self.tun_if.remote_addr[addr_type],
-                         self.tun_if.remote_addr[addr_type],
-                         self.pg1.remote_addr[addr_type],
-                         self.pg1.remote_addr[addr_type],
-                         0, priority=10,
-                         policy=e.IPSEC_API_SPD_ACTION_PROTECT,
-                         is_outbound=0).add_vpp_config()
-        VppIpsecSpdEntry(self, self.tun_spd, scapy_tun_sa_id,
-                         self.pg1.remote_addr[addr_type],
-                         self.pg1.remote_addr[addr_type],
-                         self.tun_if.remote_addr[addr_type],
-                         self.tun_if.remote_addr[addr_type],
-                         0, policy=e.IPSEC_API_SPD_ACTION_PROTECT,
-                         priority=10).add_vpp_config()
+        VppIpsecSpdEntry(
+            self,
+            self.tun_spd,
+            scapy_tun_sa_id,
+            addr_any,
+            addr_bcast,
+            addr_any,
+            addr_bcast,
+            socket.IPPROTO_ESP,
+        ).add_vpp_config()
+        VppIpsecSpdEntry(
+            self,
+            self.tun_spd,
+            scapy_tun_sa_id,
+            addr_any,
+            addr_bcast,
+            addr_any,
+            addr_bcast,
+            socket.IPPROTO_ESP,
+            is_outbound=0,
+        ).add_vpp_config()
+        VppIpsecSpdEntry(
+            self,
+            self.tun_spd,
+            scapy_tun_sa_id,
+            addr_any,
+            addr_bcast,
+            addr_any,
+            addr_bcast,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            remote_port_start=4500,
+            remote_port_stop=4500,
+        ).add_vpp_config()
+        VppIpsecSpdEntry(
+            self,
+            self.tun_spd,
+            scapy_tun_sa_id,
+            addr_any,
+            addr_bcast,
+            addr_any,
+            addr_bcast,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            remote_port_start=4500,
+            remote_port_stop=4500,
+            is_outbound=0,
+        ).add_vpp_config()
+        VppIpsecSpdEntry(
+            self,
+            self.tun_spd,
+            vpp_tun_sa_id,
+            self.tun_if.remote_addr[addr_type],
+            self.tun_if.remote_addr[addr_type],
+            self.pg1.remote_addr[addr_type],
+            self.pg1.remote_addr[addr_type],
+            0,
+            priority=10,
+            policy=e.IPSEC_API_SPD_ACTION_PROTECT,
+            is_outbound=0,
+        ).add_vpp_config()
+        VppIpsecSpdEntry(
+            self,
+            self.tun_spd,
+            scapy_tun_sa_id,
+            self.pg1.remote_addr[addr_type],
+            self.pg1.remote_addr[addr_type],
+            self.tun_if.remote_addr[addr_type],
+            self.tun_if.remote_addr[addr_type],
+            0,
+            policy=e.IPSEC_API_SPD_ACTION_PROTECT,
+            priority=10,
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
     def test_ipsec_nat_tun(self):
-        """ IPSec/NAT tunnel test case """
+        """IPSec/NAT tunnel test case"""
         p = self.ipv4_params
-        scapy_tun_sa = SecurityAssociation(ESP, spi=p.scapy_tun_spi,
-                                           crypt_algo=p.crypt_algo,
-                                           crypt_key=p.crypt_key,
-                                           auth_algo=p.auth_algo,
-                                           auth_key=p.auth_key,
-                                           tunnel_header=IP(
-                                               src=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                               dst=self.tun_if.remote_ip4),
-                                           nat_t_header=UDP(
-                                               sport=4500,
-                                               dport=4500))
+        scapy_tun_sa = SecurityAssociation(
+            ESP,
+            spi=p.scapy_tun_spi,
+            crypt_algo=p.crypt_algo,
+            crypt_key=p.crypt_key,
+            auth_algo=p.auth_algo,
+            auth_key=p.auth_key,
+            tunnel_header=IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.tun_if.remote_ip4),
+            nat_t_header=UDP(sport=4500, dport=4500),
+        )
         # in2out - from private network to public
         pkts = self.create_stream_plain(
-            self.pg1.remote_mac, self.pg1.local_mac,
-            self.pg1.remote_ip4, self.tun_if.remote_ip4)
+            self.pg1.remote_mac,
+            self.pg1.local_mac,
+            self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+            self.tun_if.remote_ip4,
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
         capture = self.tun_if.get_capture(len(pkts))
         self.verify_capture_encrypted(capture, scapy_tun_sa)
 
-        vpp_tun_sa = SecurityAssociation(ESP,
-                                         spi=p.vpp_tun_spi,
-                                         crypt_algo=p.crypt_algo,
-                                         crypt_key=p.crypt_key,
-                                         auth_algo=p.auth_algo,
-                                         auth_key=p.auth_key,
-                                         tunnel_header=IP(
-                                             src=self.tun_if.remote_ip4,
-                                             dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4),
-                                         nat_t_header=UDP(
-                                             sport=4500,
-                                             dport=4500))
+        vpp_tun_sa = SecurityAssociation(
+            ESP,
+            spi=p.vpp_tun_spi,
+            crypt_algo=p.crypt_algo,
+            crypt_key=p.crypt_key,
+            auth_algo=p.auth_algo,
+            auth_key=p.auth_key,
+            tunnel_header=IP(src=self.tun_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4),
+            nat_t_header=UDP(sport=4500, dport=4500),
+        )
 
         # out2in - from public network to private
         pkts = self.create_stream_encrypted(
-            self.tun_if.remote_mac, self.tun_if.local_mac,
-            self.tun_if.remote_ip4, self.pg1.remote_ip4, vpp_tun_sa)
+            self.tun_if.remote_mac,
+            self.tun_if.local_mac,
+            self.tun_if.remote_ip4,
+            self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+            vpp_tun_sa,
+        )
         self.logger.info(ppc("Sending packets:", pkts))
         self.tun_if.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
diff --git a/test/test_ipsec_spd_flow_cache_input.py b/test/test_ipsec_spd_flow_cache_input.py
index 2d70d1540b8..02ecb5625ce 100644
--- a/test/test_ipsec_spd_flow_cache_input.py
+++ b/test/test_ipsec_spd_flow_cache_input.py
@@ -12,16 +12,14 @@ class SpdFlowCacheInbound(SpdFlowCacheTemplate):
     @classmethod
     def setUpConstants(cls):
         super(SpdFlowCacheInbound, cls).setUpConstants()
-        cls.vpp_cmdline.extend(["ipsec", "{",
-                                "ipv4-inbound-spd-flow-cache on",
-                                "}"])
-        cls.logger.info("VPP modified cmdline is %s" % " "
-                        .join(cls.vpp_cmdline))
+        cls.vpp_cmdline.extend(["ipsec", "{", "ipv4-inbound-spd-flow-cache on", "}"])
+        cls.logger.info("VPP modified cmdline is %s" % " ".join(cls.vpp_cmdline))
 
 
 class IPSec4SpdTestCaseBypass(SpdFlowCacheInbound):
     """ IPSec/IPv4 inbound: Policy mode test case with flow cache \
         (add bypass)"""
+
     def test_ipsec_spd_inbound_bypass(self):
         # In this test case, packets in IPv4 FWD path are configured
         # to go through IPSec inbound SPD policy lookup.
@@ -42,16 +40,34 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseBypass(SpdFlowCacheInbound):
         # bypass rule should take precedence over discard rule,
         # even though it's lower priority
         policy_0 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # inbound, priority 10
-            1, self.pg1, self.pg0, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=0, priority=10, policy_type="bypass")
+            1,
+            self.pg1,
+            self.pg0,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=0,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+        )
         policy_1 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # inbound, priority 15
-            1, self.pg1, self.pg0, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=0, priority=15, policy_type="discard")
+            1,
+            self.pg1,
+            self.pg0,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=0,
+            priority=15,
+            policy_type="discard",
+        )
 
         # create output rule so we can capture forwarded packets
         policy_2 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # outbound, priority 10
-            1, self.pg0, self.pg1, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=1, priority=10, policy_type="bypass")
+            1,
+            self.pg0,
+            self.pg1,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=1,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+        )
 
         # check flow cache is empty before sending traffic
         self.verify_num_inbound_flow_cache_entries(0)
@@ -85,6 +101,7 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseBypass(SpdFlowCacheInbound):
 class IPSec4SpdTestCaseDiscard(SpdFlowCacheInbound):
     """ IPSec/IPv4 inbound: Policy mode test case with flow cache \
         (add discard)"""
+
     def test_ipsec_spd_inbound_discard(self):
         # In this test case, packets in IPv4 FWD path are configured
         # to go through IPSec inbound SPD policy lookup.
@@ -96,13 +113,25 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseDiscard(SpdFlowCacheInbound):
 
         # create input rule
         policy_0 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # inbound, priority 10
-            1, self.pg1, self.pg0, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=0, priority=10, policy_type="discard")
+            1,
+            self.pg1,
+            self.pg0,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=0,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="discard",
+        )
 
         # create output rule so we can capture forwarded packets
         policy_1 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # outbound, priority 10
-            1, self.pg0, self.pg1, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=1, priority=10, policy_type="bypass")
+            1,
+            self.pg0,
+            self.pg1,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=1,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+        )
 
         # check flow cache is empty before sending traffic
         self.verify_num_inbound_flow_cache_entries(0)
@@ -124,6 +153,7 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseDiscard(SpdFlowCacheInbound):
 class IPSec4SpdTestCaseRemove(SpdFlowCacheInbound):
     """ IPSec/IPv4 inbound: Policy mode test case with flow cache \
         (remove bypass)"""
+
     def test_ipsec_spd_inbound_remove(self):
         # In this test case, packets in IPv4 FWD path are configured
         # to go through IPSec inbound SPD policy lookup.
@@ -147,16 +177,34 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseRemove(SpdFlowCacheInbound):
         # bypass rule should take precedence over discard rule,
         # even though it's lower priority
         policy_0 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # inbound, priority 10
-            1, self.pg1, self.pg0, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=0, priority=10, policy_type="bypass")
+            1,
+            self.pg1,
+            self.pg0,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=0,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+        )
         policy_1 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # inbound, priority 15
-            1, self.pg1, self.pg0, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=0, priority=15, policy_type="discard")
+            1,
+            self.pg1,
+            self.pg0,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=0,
+            priority=15,
+            policy_type="discard",
+        )
 
         # create output rule so we can capture forwarded packets
         policy_2 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # outbound, priority 10
-            1, self.pg0, self.pg1, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=1, priority=10, policy_type="bypass")
+            1,
+            self.pg0,
+            self.pg1,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=1,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+        )
 
         # check flow cache is empty before sending traffic
         self.verify_num_inbound_flow_cache_entries(0)
@@ -188,9 +236,15 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseRemove(SpdFlowCacheInbound):
 
         # remove the input bypass rule
         self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # inbound, priority 10
-            1, self.pg1, self.pg0, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=0, priority=10, policy_type="bypass",
-            remove=True)
+            1,
+            self.pg1,
+            self.pg0,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=0,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+            remove=True,
+        )
         # verify flow cache counter has been reset by rule removal
         self.verify_num_inbound_flow_cache_entries(0)
 
@@ -213,6 +267,7 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseRemove(SpdFlowCacheInbound):
 class IPSec4SpdTestCaseReadd(SpdFlowCacheInbound):
     """ IPSec/IPv4 inbound: Policy mode test case with flow cache \
         (add, remove, re-add bypass)"""
+
     def test_ipsec_spd_inbound_readd(self):
         # In this test case, packets in IPv4 FWD path are configured
         # to go through IPSec inbound SPD policy lookup.
@@ -239,16 +294,34 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseReadd(SpdFlowCacheInbound):
         # bypass rule should take precedence over discard rule,
         # even though it's lower priority
         policy_0 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # inbound, priority 10
-            1, self.pg1, self.pg0, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=0, priority=10, policy_type="bypass")
+            1,
+            self.pg1,
+            self.pg0,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=0,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+        )
         policy_1 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # inbound, priority 15
-            1, self.pg1, self.pg0, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=0, priority=15, policy_type="discard")
+            1,
+            self.pg1,
+            self.pg0,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=0,
+            priority=15,
+            policy_type="discard",
+        )
 
         # create output rule so we can capture forwarded packets
         policy_2 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # outbound, priority 10
-            1, self.pg0, self.pg1, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=1, priority=10, policy_type="bypass")
+            1,
+            self.pg0,
+            self.pg1,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=1,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+        )
 
         # check flow cache is empty before sending traffic
         self.verify_num_inbound_flow_cache_entries(0)
@@ -280,9 +353,15 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseReadd(SpdFlowCacheInbound):
 
         # remove the input bypass rule
         self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # inbound, priority 10
-            1, self.pg1, self.pg0, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=0, priority=10, policy_type="bypass",
-            remove=True)
+            1,
+            self.pg1,
+            self.pg0,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=0,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+            remove=True,
+        )
         # verify flow cache counter has been reset by rule removal
         self.verify_num_inbound_flow_cache_entries(0)
 
@@ -303,8 +382,14 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseReadd(SpdFlowCacheInbound):
 
         # readd the input bypass rule
         policy_0 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # inbound, priority 10
-            1, self.pg1, self.pg0, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=0, priority=10, policy_type="bypass")
+            1,
+            self.pg1,
+            self.pg0,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=0,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+        )
         # verify flow cache counter has been reset by rule addition
         self.verify_num_inbound_flow_cache_entries(0)
 
@@ -327,7 +412,7 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseReadd(SpdFlowCacheInbound):
         # verify all policies matched the expected number of times
         self.verify_policy_match(pkt_count, policy_0)
         self.verify_policy_match(pkt_count, policy_1)
-        self.verify_policy_match(pkt_count*2, policy_2)
+        self.verify_policy_match(pkt_count * 2, policy_2)
         # by readding the bypass rule, we reset the flow cache
         # we only expect the bypass rule to now be in the flow cache
         self.verify_num_inbound_flow_cache_entries(1)
@@ -336,6 +421,7 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseReadd(SpdFlowCacheInbound):
 class IPSec4SpdTestCaseMultiple(SpdFlowCacheInbound):
     """ IPSec/IPv4 inbound: Policy mode test case with flow cache \
         (multiple interfaces, multiple rules)"""
+
     def test_ipsec_spd_inbound_multiple(self):
         # In this test case, packets in IPv4 FWD path are configured to go
         # through IPSec outbound SPD policy lookup.
@@ -353,23 +439,47 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseMultiple(SpdFlowCacheInbound):
         # add input rules on all interfaces
         # pg0 -> pg1
         policy_0 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # inbound, priority 10
-            1, self.pg1, self.pg0, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=0, priority=10, policy_type="bypass")
+            1,
+            self.pg1,
+            self.pg0,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=0,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+        )
         # pg1 -> pg2
         policy_1 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # inbound, priority 10
-            1, self.pg2, self.pg1, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=0, priority=10, policy_type="bypass")
+            1,
+            self.pg2,
+            self.pg1,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=0,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+        )
         # pg2 -> pg0
         policy_2 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # inbound, priority 10
-            1, self.pg0, self.pg2, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=0, priority=10, policy_type="discard")
+            1,
+            self.pg0,
+            self.pg2,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=0,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="discard",
+        )
 
         # create output rules covering the the full ip range
         # 0.0.0.0 -> 255.255.255.255, so we can capture forwarded packets
         policy_3 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # outbound, priority 10
-            1, self.pg0, self.pg0, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=1, priority=10, policy_type="bypass",
-            all_ips=True)
+            1,
+            self.pg0,
+            self.pg0,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=1,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+            all_ips=True,
+        )
 
         # check flow cache is empty (0 active elements) before sending traffic
         self.verify_num_inbound_flow_cache_entries(0)
@@ -396,8 +506,7 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseMultiple(SpdFlowCacheInbound):
                 try:
                     self.logger.debug(ppp("SPD Add - Got packet:", packet))
                 except Exception:
-                    self.logger.error(
-                        ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:", packet))
+                    self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:", packet))
                     raise
 
         # verify captures that matched BYPASS rules
@@ -416,6 +525,7 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseMultiple(SpdFlowCacheInbound):
 class IPSec4SpdTestCaseOverwriteStale(SpdFlowCacheInbound):
     """ IPSec/IPv4 inbound: Policy mode test case with flow cache \
         (overwrite stale entries)"""
+
     def test_ipsec_spd_inbound_overwrite(self):
         # The operation of the flow cache is setup so that the entire cache
         # is invalidated when adding or removing an SPD policy rule.
@@ -436,23 +546,47 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseOverwriteStale(SpdFlowCacheInbound):
         # add input rules on all interfaces
         # pg0 -> pg1
         policy_0 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # inbound
-            1, self.pg1, self.pg0, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=0, priority=10, policy_type="bypass")
+            1,
+            self.pg1,
+            self.pg0,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=0,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+        )
         # pg1 -> pg2
         policy_1 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # inbound
-            1, self.pg2, self.pg1, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=0, priority=10, policy_type="bypass")
+            1,
+            self.pg2,
+            self.pg1,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=0,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+        )
         # pg2 -> pg0
         policy_2 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # inbound
-            1, self.pg0, self.pg2, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=0, priority=10, policy_type="discard")
+            1,
+            self.pg0,
+            self.pg2,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=0,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="discard",
+        )
 
         # create output rules covering the the full ip range
         # 0.0.0.0 -> 255.255.255.255, so we can capture forwarded packets
         policy_3 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # outbound
-            1, self.pg0, self.pg0, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=1, priority=10, policy_type="bypass",
-            all_ips=True)
+            1,
+            self.pg0,
+            self.pg0,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=1,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+            all_ips=True,
+        )
 
         # check flow cache is empty (0 active elements) before sending traffic
         self.verify_num_inbound_flow_cache_entries(0)
@@ -479,8 +613,7 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseOverwriteStale(SpdFlowCacheInbound):
                 try:
                     self.logger.debug(ppp("SPD Add - Got packet:", packet))
                 except Exception:
-                    self.logger.error(
-                        ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:", packet))
+                    self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:", packet))
                     raise
 
         # verify captures that matched BYPASS rules
@@ -497,22 +630,40 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseOverwriteStale(SpdFlowCacheInbound):
 
         # adding an outbound policy should not invalidate output flow cache
         self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # outbound
-            1, self.pg0, self.pg0, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=1, priority=1, policy_type="bypass",
-            all_ips=True)
+            1,
+            self.pg0,
+            self.pg0,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=1,
+            priority=1,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+            all_ips=True,
+        )
         # check inbound flow cache counter has not been reset
         self.verify_num_inbound_flow_cache_entries(3)
 
         # remove + readd bypass policy - flow cache counter will be reset,
         # and there will be 3x stale entries in flow cache
         self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # inbound, priority 10
-            1, self.pg1, self.pg0, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=0, priority=10, policy_type="bypass",
-            remove=True)
+            1,
+            self.pg1,
+            self.pg0,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=0,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+            remove=True,
+        )
         # readd policy
         policy_0 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # inbound, priority 10
-            1, self.pg1, self.pg0, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=0, priority=10, policy_type="bypass")
+            1,
+            self.pg1,
+            self.pg0,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=0,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+        )
         # check counter was reset
         self.verify_num_inbound_flow_cache_entries(0)
 
@@ -532,8 +683,7 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseOverwriteStale(SpdFlowCacheInbound):
                 try:
                     self.logger.debug(ppp("SPD Add - Got packet:", packet))
                 except Exception:
-                    self.logger.error(
-                        ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:", packet))
+                    self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:", packet))
                     raise
 
         # verify captures that matched BYPASS rules
@@ -543,8 +693,8 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseOverwriteStale(SpdFlowCacheInbound):
         self.pg0.assert_nothing_captured()
         # verify all policies matched the expected number of times
         self.verify_policy_match(pkt_count, policy_0)
-        self.verify_policy_match(pkt_count*2, policy_1)
-        self.verify_policy_match(pkt_count*2, policy_2)
+        self.verify_policy_match(pkt_count * 2, policy_1)
+        self.verify_policy_match(pkt_count * 2, policy_2)
         # we are overwriting 3x stale entries - check flow cache counter
         # is correct
         self.verify_num_inbound_flow_cache_entries(3)
@@ -553,18 +703,23 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseOverwriteStale(SpdFlowCacheInbound):
 class IPSec4SpdTestCaseCollision(SpdFlowCacheInbound):
     """ IPSec/IPv4 inbound: Policy mode test case with flow cache \
         (hash collision)"""
+
     # Override class setup to restrict hash table size to 16 buckets.
     # This forces using only the lower 4 bits of the hash as a key,
     # making hash collisions easy to find.
     @classmethod
     def setUpConstants(cls):
         super(SpdFlowCacheInbound, cls).setUpConstants()
-        cls.vpp_cmdline.extend(["ipsec", "{",
-                                "ipv4-inbound-spd-flow-cache on",
-                                "ipv4-inbound-spd-hash-buckets 16",
-                                "}"])
-        cls.logger.info("VPP modified cmdline is %s" % " "
-                        .join(cls.vpp_cmdline))
+        cls.vpp_cmdline.extend(
+            [
+                "ipsec",
+                "{",
+                "ipv4-inbound-spd-flow-cache on",
+                "ipv4-inbound-spd-hash-buckets 16",
+                "}",
+            ]
+        )
+        cls.logger.info("VPP modified cmdline is %s" % " ".join(cls.vpp_cmdline))
 
     def test_ipsec_spd_inbound_collision(self):
         # The flow cache operation is setup to overwrite an entry
@@ -588,20 +743,38 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseCollision(SpdFlowCacheInbound):
         # create output rules covering the the full ip range
         # 0.0.0.0 -> 255.255.255.255, so we can capture forwarded packets
         policy_0 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # outbound
-            1, self.pg0, self.pg0, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=1, priority=10, policy_type="bypass",
-            all_ips=True)
+            1,
+            self.pg0,
+            self.pg0,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=1,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+            all_ips=True,
+        )
 
         capture_intfs = []
         if self.crc32_supported():  # create crc32 collision on last 4 bits
             hashed_with_crc32 = True
             # add matching rules
             policy_1 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # inbound, priority 10
-                1, self.pg1, self.pg2, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-                is_out=0, priority=10, policy_type="bypass")
+                1,
+                self.pg1,
+                self.pg2,
+                socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+                is_out=0,
+                priority=10,
+                policy_type="bypass",
+            )
             policy_2 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # inbound, priority 10
-                1, self.pg3, self.pg0, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-                is_out=0, priority=10, policy_type="bypass")
+                1,
+                self.pg3,
+                self.pg0,
+                socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+                is_out=0,
+                priority=10,
+                policy_type="bypass",
+            )
 
             # we expect to get captures on pg1 + pg3
             capture_intfs.append(self.pg1)
@@ -623,11 +796,23 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseCollision(SpdFlowCacheInbound):
             hashed_with_crc32 = False
             # add matching rules
             policy_1 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # inbound, priority 10
-                1, self.pg1, self.pg2, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-                is_out=0, priority=10, policy_type="bypass")
+                1,
+                self.pg1,
+                self.pg2,
+                socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+                is_out=0,
+                priority=10,
+                policy_type="bypass",
+            )
             policy_2 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # inbound, priority 10
-                1, self.pg2, self.pg3, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-                is_out=0, priority=10, policy_type="bypass")
+                1,
+                self.pg2,
+                self.pg3,
+                socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+                is_out=0,
+                priority=10,
+                policy_type="bypass",
+            )
 
             capture_intfs.append(self.pg1)
             capture_intfs.append(self.pg2)
@@ -655,15 +840,13 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseCollision(SpdFlowCacheInbound):
             if_caps.append(pg.get_capture())
             for packet in if_caps[-1]:
                 try:
-                    self.logger.debug(ppp(
-                        "SPD Add - Got packet:", packet))
+                    self.logger.debug(ppp("SPD Add - Got packet:", packet))
                 except Exception:
-                    self.logger.error(ppp(
-                        "Unexpected or invalid packet:", packet))
+                    self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:", packet))
                     raise
 
         # verify captures that matched BYPASS rule
-        if(hashed_with_crc32):
+        if hashed_with_crc32:
             self.verify_capture(self.pg2, self.pg1, if_caps[0])
             self.verify_capture(self.pg0, self.pg3, if_caps[1])
         else:  # hashed with xxhash
@@ -673,11 +856,11 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseCollision(SpdFlowCacheInbound):
         # verify all policies matched the expected number of times
         self.verify_policy_match(pkt_count, policy_1)
         self.verify_policy_match(pkt_count, policy_2)
-        self.verify_policy_match(pkt_count*2, policy_0)  # output policy
+        self.verify_policy_match(pkt_count * 2, policy_0)  # output policy
         # we have matched 2 policies, but due to the hash collision
         # one active entry is expected
         self.verify_num_inbound_flow_cache_entries(1)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_ipsec_spd_flow_cache_output.py b/test/test_ipsec_spd_flow_cache_output.py
index 54571c6741a..9852b375a82 100644
--- a/test/test_ipsec_spd_flow_cache_output.py
+++ b/test/test_ipsec_spd_flow_cache_output.py
@@ -11,16 +11,14 @@ class SpdFlowCacheOutbound(SpdFlowCacheTemplate):
     @classmethod
     def setUpConstants(cls):
         super(SpdFlowCacheOutbound, cls).setUpConstants()
-        cls.vpp_cmdline.extend(["ipsec", "{",
-                                "ipv4-outbound-spd-flow-cache on",
-                                "}"])
-        cls.logger.info("VPP modified cmdline is %s" % " "
-                        .join(cls.vpp_cmdline))
+        cls.vpp_cmdline.extend(["ipsec", "{", "ipv4-outbound-spd-flow-cache on", "}"])
+        cls.logger.info("VPP modified cmdline is %s" % " ".join(cls.vpp_cmdline))
 
 
 class IPSec4SpdTestCaseAdd(SpdFlowCacheOutbound):
     """ IPSec/IPv4 outbound: Policy mode test case with flow cache \
         (add rule)"""
+
     def test_ipsec_spd_outbound_add(self):
         # In this test case, packets in IPv4 FWD path are configured
         # to go through IPSec outbound SPD policy lookup.
@@ -33,11 +31,23 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseAdd(SpdFlowCacheOutbound):
         pkt_count = 5
         self.spd_create_and_intf_add(1, [self.pg1])
         policy_0 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # outbound, priority 10
-            1, self.pg0, self.pg1, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=1, priority=10, policy_type="bypass")
+            1,
+            self.pg0,
+            self.pg1,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=1,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+        )
         policy_1 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # outbound, priority 5
-            1, self.pg0, self.pg1, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=1, priority=5, policy_type="discard")
+            1,
+            self.pg0,
+            self.pg1,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=1,
+            priority=5,
+            policy_type="discard",
+        )
 
         # check flow cache is empty before sending traffic
         self.verify_num_outbound_flow_cache_entries(0)
@@ -75,6 +85,7 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseAdd(SpdFlowCacheOutbound):
 class IPSec4SpdTestCaseRemove(SpdFlowCacheOutbound):
     """ IPSec/IPv4 outbound: Policy mode test case with flow cache \
         (remove rule)"""
+
     def test_ipsec_spd_outbound_remove(self):
         # In this test case, packets in IPv4 FWD path are configured
         # to go through IPSec outbound SPD policy lookup.
@@ -88,11 +99,23 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseRemove(SpdFlowCacheOutbound):
         pkt_count = 5
         self.spd_create_and_intf_add(1, [self.pg1])
         policy_0 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # outbound, priority 10
-            1, self.pg0, self.pg1, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=1, priority=10, policy_type="bypass")
+            1,
+            self.pg0,
+            self.pg1,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=1,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+        )
         policy_1 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # outbound, priority 5
-            1, self.pg0, self.pg1, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=1, priority=5, policy_type="discard")
+            1,
+            self.pg0,
+            self.pg1,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=1,
+            priority=5,
+            policy_type="discard",
+        )
 
         # check flow cache is empty before sending traffic
         self.verify_num_outbound_flow_cache_entries(0)
@@ -128,9 +151,15 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseRemove(SpdFlowCacheOutbound):
 
         # now remove the bypass rule
         self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # outbound, priority 10
-            1, self.pg0, self.pg1, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=1, priority=10, policy_type="bypass",
-            remove=True)
+            1,
+            self.pg0,
+            self.pg1,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=1,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+            remove=True,
+        )
         # verify flow cache counter has been reset by rule removal
         self.verify_num_outbound_flow_cache_entries(0)
 
@@ -154,6 +183,7 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseRemove(SpdFlowCacheOutbound):
 class IPSec4SpdTestCaseReadd(SpdFlowCacheOutbound):
     """ IPSec/IPv4 outbound: Policy mode test case with flow cache \
         (add, remove, re-add)"""
+
     def test_ipsec_spd_outbound_readd(self):
         # In this test case, packets in IPv4 FWD path are configured
         # to go through IPSec outbound SPD policy lookup.
@@ -172,11 +202,23 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseReadd(SpdFlowCacheOutbound):
         pkt_count = 5
         self.spd_create_and_intf_add(1, [self.pg1])
         policy_0 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # outbound, priority 10
-            1, self.pg0, self.pg1, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=1, priority=10, policy_type="bypass")
+            1,
+            self.pg0,
+            self.pg1,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=1,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+        )
         policy_1 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # outbound, priority 5
-            1, self.pg0, self.pg1, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=1, priority=5, policy_type="discard")
+            1,
+            self.pg0,
+            self.pg1,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=1,
+            priority=5,
+            policy_type="discard",
+        )
 
         # check flow cache is empty before sending traffic
         self.verify_num_outbound_flow_cache_entries(0)
@@ -212,9 +254,15 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseReadd(SpdFlowCacheOutbound):
 
         # now remove the bypass rule, leaving only the discard rule
         self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # outbound, priority 10
-            1, self.pg0, self.pg1, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=1, priority=10, policy_type="bypass",
-            remove=True)
+            1,
+            self.pg0,
+            self.pg1,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=1,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+            remove=True,
+        )
         # verify flow cache counter has been reset by rule removal
         self.verify_num_outbound_flow_cache_entries(0)
 
@@ -236,8 +284,14 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseReadd(SpdFlowCacheOutbound):
 
         # now readd the bypass rule
         policy_0 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # outbound, priority 10
-            1, self.pg0, self.pg1, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=1, priority=10, policy_type="bypass")
+            1,
+            self.pg0,
+            self.pg1,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=1,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+        )
         # verify flow cache counter has been reset by rule addition
         self.verify_num_outbound_flow_cache_entries(0)
 
@@ -271,6 +325,7 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseReadd(SpdFlowCacheOutbound):
 class IPSec4SpdTestCaseMultiple(SpdFlowCacheOutbound):
     """ IPSec/IPv4 outbound: Policy mode test case with flow cache \
         (multiple interfaces, multiple rules)"""
+
     def test_ipsec_spd_outbound_multiple(self):
         # In this test case, packets in IPv4 FWD path are configured to go
         # through IPSec outbound SPD policy lookup.
@@ -286,32 +341,75 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseMultiple(SpdFlowCacheOutbound):
         self.spd_create_and_intf_add(1, self.pg_interfaces)
         # add rules on all interfaces
         policy_01 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # outbound, priority 10
-            1, self.pg0, self.pg1, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=1, priority=10, policy_type="bypass")
+            1,
+            self.pg0,
+            self.pg1,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=1,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+        )
         policy_02 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # outbound, priority 5
-            1, self.pg0, self.pg1, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=1, priority=5, policy_type="discard")
+            1,
+            self.pg0,
+            self.pg1,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=1,
+            priority=5,
+            policy_type="discard",
+        )
 
         policy_11 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # outbound, priority 10
-            1, self.pg1, self.pg2, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=1, priority=10, policy_type="bypass")
+            1,
+            self.pg1,
+            self.pg2,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=1,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+        )
         policy_12 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # outbound, priority 5
-            1, self.pg1, self.pg2, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=1, priority=5, policy_type="discard")
+            1,
+            self.pg1,
+            self.pg2,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=1,
+            priority=5,
+            policy_type="discard",
+        )
 
         policy_21 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # outbound, priority 5
-            1, self.pg2, self.pg0, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=1, priority=5, policy_type="bypass")
+            1,
+            self.pg2,
+            self.pg0,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=1,
+            priority=5,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+        )
         policy_22 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # outbound, priority 10
-            1, self.pg2, self.pg0, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=1, priority=10, policy_type="discard")
+            1,
+            self.pg2,
+            self.pg0,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=1,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="discard",
+        )
 
         # interfaces bound to an SPD, will by default drop inbound
         # traffic with no matching policies. add catch-all inbound
         # bypass rule to SPD:
         self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # inbound, all interfaces
-            1, None, None, socket.IPPROTO_UDP, is_out=0, priority=10,
-            policy_type="bypass", all_ips=True)
+            1,
+            None,
+            None,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=0,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+            all_ips=True,
+        )
 
         # check flow cache is empty (0 active elements) before sending traffic
         self.verify_num_outbound_flow_cache_entries(0)
@@ -338,8 +436,7 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseMultiple(SpdFlowCacheOutbound):
                 try:
                     self.logger.debug(ppp("SPD - Got packet:", packet))
                 except Exception:
-                    self.logger.error(
-                        ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:", packet))
+                    self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:", packet))
                     raise
         self.logger.debug("SPD: Num packets: %s", len(if_caps[0].res))
         self.logger.debug("SPD: Num packets: %s", len(if_caps[1].res))
@@ -366,6 +463,7 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseMultiple(SpdFlowCacheOutbound):
 class IPSec4SpdTestCaseOverwriteStale(SpdFlowCacheOutbound):
     """ IPSec/IPv4 outbound: Policy mode test case with flow cache \
         (overwrite stale entries)"""
+
     def test_ipsec_spd_outbound_overwrite(self):
         # The operation of the flow cache is setup so that the entire cache
         # is invalidated when adding or removing an SPD policy rule.
@@ -386,23 +484,48 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseOverwriteStale(SpdFlowCacheOutbound):
         # add output rules on all interfaces
         # pg0 -> pg1
         policy_0 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # outbound
-            1, self.pg0, self.pg1, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=1, priority=10, policy_type="bypass")
+            1,
+            self.pg0,
+            self.pg1,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=1,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+        )
         # pg1 -> pg2
         policy_1 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # outbound
-            1, self.pg1, self.pg2, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=1, priority=10, policy_type="bypass")
+            1,
+            self.pg1,
+            self.pg2,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=1,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+        )
         # pg2 -> pg0
         policy_2 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # outbound
-            1, self.pg2, self.pg0, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=1, priority=10, policy_type="discard")
+            1,
+            self.pg2,
+            self.pg0,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=1,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="discard",
+        )
 
         # interfaces bound to an SPD, will by default drop inbound
         # traffic with no matching policies. add catch-all inbound
         # bypass rule to SPD:
         self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # inbound, all interfaces
-            1, None, None, socket.IPPROTO_UDP, is_out=0, priority=10,
-            policy_type="bypass", all_ips=True)
+            1,
+            None,
+            None,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=0,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+            all_ips=True,
+        )
 
         # check flow cache is empty (0 active elements) before sending traffic
         self.verify_num_outbound_flow_cache_entries(0)
@@ -429,8 +552,7 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseOverwriteStale(SpdFlowCacheOutbound):
                 try:
                     self.logger.debug(ppp("SPD Add - Got packet:", packet))
                 except Exception:
-                    self.logger.error(
-                        ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:", packet))
+                    self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:", packet))
                     raise
 
         # verify captures that matched BYPASS rules
@@ -447,21 +569,39 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseOverwriteStale(SpdFlowCacheOutbound):
 
         # adding an inbound policy should not invalidate output flow cache
         self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # inbound
-            1, self.pg0, self.pg1, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=0, priority=10, policy_type="bypass")
+            1,
+            self.pg0,
+            self.pg1,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=0,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+        )
         # check flow cache counter has not been reset
         self.verify_num_outbound_flow_cache_entries(3)
 
         # remove a bypass policy - flow cache counter will be reset, and
         # there will be 3x stale entries in flow cache
         self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # outbound
-            1, self.pg0, self.pg1, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=1, priority=10, policy_type="bypass",
-            remove=True)
+            1,
+            self.pg0,
+            self.pg1,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=1,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+            remove=True,
+        )
         # readd policy
         policy_0 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # outbound
-            1, self.pg0, self.pg1, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=1, priority=10, policy_type="bypass")
+            1,
+            self.pg0,
+            self.pg1,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=1,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+        )
         # check counter was reset with flow cache invalidation
         self.verify_num_outbound_flow_cache_entries(0)
 
@@ -481,8 +621,7 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseOverwriteStale(SpdFlowCacheOutbound):
                 try:
                     self.logger.debug(ppp("SPD Add - Got packet:", packet))
                 except Exception:
-                    self.logger.error(
-                        ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:", packet))
+                    self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:", packet))
                     raise
 
         # verify captures that matched BYPASS rules
@@ -492,8 +631,8 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseOverwriteStale(SpdFlowCacheOutbound):
         self.pg0.assert_nothing_captured()
         # verify all policies matched the expected number of times
         self.verify_policy_match(pkt_count, policy_0)
-        self.verify_policy_match(pkt_count*2, policy_1)
-        self.verify_policy_match(pkt_count*2, policy_2)
+        self.verify_policy_match(pkt_count * 2, policy_1)
+        self.verify_policy_match(pkt_count * 2, policy_2)
         # we are overwriting 3x stale entries - check flow cache counter
         # is correct
         self.verify_num_outbound_flow_cache_entries(3)
@@ -502,18 +641,23 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseOverwriteStale(SpdFlowCacheOutbound):
 class IPSec4SpdTestCaseCollision(SpdFlowCacheOutbound):
     """ IPSec/IPv4 outbound: Policy mode test case with flow cache \
         (hash collision)"""
+
     # Override class setup to restrict vector size to 16 elements.
     # This forces using only the lower 4 bits of the hash as a key,
     # making hash collisions easy to find.
     @classmethod
     def setUpConstants(cls):
         super(SpdFlowCacheOutbound, cls).setUpConstants()
-        cls.vpp_cmdline.extend(["ipsec", "{",
-                                "ipv4-outbound-spd-flow-cache on",
-                                "ipv4-outbound-spd-hash-buckets 16",
-                                "}"])
-        cls.logger.info("VPP modified cmdline is %s" % " "
-                        .join(cls.vpp_cmdline))
+        cls.vpp_cmdline.extend(
+            [
+                "ipsec",
+                "{",
+                "ipv4-outbound-spd-flow-cache on",
+                "ipv4-outbound-spd-hash-buckets 16",
+                "}",
+            ]
+        )
+        cls.logger.info("VPP modified cmdline is %s" % " ".join(cls.vpp_cmdline))
 
     def test_ipsec_spd_outbound_collision(self):
         # The flow cache operation is setup to overwrite an entry
@@ -535,18 +679,37 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseCollision(SpdFlowCacheOutbound):
         self.spd_create_and_intf_add(1, self.pg_interfaces)
         # add rules
         policy_0 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # outbound, priority 10
-            1, self.pg1, self.pg2, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=1, priority=10, policy_type="bypass")
+            1,
+            self.pg1,
+            self.pg2,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=1,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+        )
         policy_1 = self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # outbound, priority 10
-            1, self.pg2, self.pg0, socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
-            is_out=1, priority=10, policy_type="bypass")
+            1,
+            self.pg2,
+            self.pg0,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=1,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+        )
 
         # interfaces bound to an SPD, will by default drop inbound
         # traffic with no matching policies. add catch-all inbound
         # bypass rule to SPD:
         self.spd_add_rem_policy(  # inbound, all interfaces
-            1, None, None, socket.IPPROTO_UDP, is_out=0, priority=10,
-            policy_type="bypass", all_ips=True)
+            1,
+            None,
+            None,
+            socket.IPPROTO_UDP,
+            is_out=0,
+            priority=10,
+            policy_type="bypass",
+            all_ips=True,
+        )
 
         # check flow cache is empty (0 active elements) before sending traffic
         self.verify_num_outbound_flow_cache_entries(0)
@@ -580,11 +743,9 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseCollision(SpdFlowCacheOutbound):
             if_caps.append(pg.get_capture())
             for packet in if_caps[-1]:
                 try:
-                    self.logger.debug(ppp(
-                        "SPD - Got packet:", packet))
+                    self.logger.debug(ppp("SPD - Got packet:", packet))
                 except Exception:
-                    self.logger.error(ppp(
-                        "Unexpected or invalid packet:", packet))
+                    self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:", packet))
                     raise
         self.logger.debug("SPD: Num packets: %s", len(if_caps[0].res))
         self.logger.debug("SPD: Num packets: %s", len(if_caps[1].res))
@@ -600,5 +761,5 @@ class IPSec4SpdTestCaseCollision(SpdFlowCacheOutbound):
         self.verify_num_outbound_flow_cache_entries(1)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_ipsec_tun_if_esp.py b/test/test_ipsec_tun_if_esp.py
index 14c9b3e3f11..9da75f0a4aa 100644
--- a/test/test_ipsec_tun_if_esp.py
+++ b/test/test_ipsec_tun_if_esp.py
@@ -10,13 +10,29 @@ from scapy.layers.inet6 import IPv6
 from scapy.contrib.mpls import MPLS
 from framework import tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 from framework import VppTestRunner
-from template_ipsec import TemplateIpsec, IpsecTun4Tests, IpsecTun6Tests, \
-    IpsecTun4, IpsecTun6,  IpsecTcpTests, mk_scapy_crypt_key, \
-    IpsecTun6HandoffTests, IpsecTun4HandoffTests, config_tun_params
+from template_ipsec import (
+    TemplateIpsec,
+    IpsecTun4Tests,
+    IpsecTun6Tests,
+    IpsecTun4,
+    IpsecTun6,
+    IpsecTcpTests,
+    mk_scapy_crypt_key,
+    IpsecTun6HandoffTests,
+    IpsecTun4HandoffTests,
+    config_tun_params,
+)
 from vpp_gre_interface import VppGreInterface
 from vpp_ipip_tun_interface import VppIpIpTunInterface
-from vpp_ip_route import VppIpRoute, VppRoutePath, DpoProto, VppMplsLabel, \
-    VppMplsTable, VppMplsRoute, FibPathProto
+from vpp_ip_route import (
+    VppIpRoute,
+    VppRoutePath,
+    DpoProto,
+    VppMplsLabel,
+    VppMplsTable,
+    VppMplsRoute,
+    FibPathProto,
+)
 from vpp_ipsec import VppIpsecSA, VppIpsecTunProtect, VppIpsecInterface
 from vpp_l2 import VppBridgeDomain, VppBridgeDomainPort
 from vpp_sub_interface import L2_VTR_OP, VppDot1QSubint
@@ -30,8 +46,9 @@ from vpp_policer import PolicerAction, VppPolicer, Dir
 
 def config_tun_params(p, encryption_type, tun_if, src=None, dst=None):
     ip_class_by_addr_type = {socket.AF_INET: IP, socket.AF_INET6: IPv6}
-    esn_en = bool(p.flags & (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_sad_flags_t.
-                             IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_USE_ESN))
+    esn_en = bool(
+        p.flags & (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_sad_flags_t.IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_USE_ESN)
+    )
     crypt_key = mk_scapy_crypt_key(p)
     if tun_if:
         p.tun_dst = tun_if.remote_ip
@@ -41,77 +58,84 @@ def config_tun_params(p, encryption_type, tun_if, src=None, dst=None):
         p.tun_src = src
 
     if p.nat_header:
-        is_default_port = (p.nat_header.dport == 4500)
+        is_default_port = p.nat_header.dport == 4500
     else:
         is_default_port = True
 
     if is_default_port:
         outbound_nat_header = p.nat_header
     else:
-        outbound_nat_header = UDP(sport=p.nat_header.dport,
-                                  dport=p.nat_header.sport)
+        outbound_nat_header = UDP(sport=p.nat_header.dport, dport=p.nat_header.sport)
         bind_layers(UDP, ESP, dport=p.nat_header.dport)
 
     p.scapy_tun_sa = SecurityAssociation(
-        encryption_type, spi=p.vpp_tun_spi,
+        encryption_type,
+        spi=p.vpp_tun_spi,
         crypt_algo=p.crypt_algo,
         crypt_key=crypt_key,
-        auth_algo=p.auth_algo, auth_key=p.auth_key,
-        tunnel_header=ip_class_by_addr_type[p.addr_type](
-            src=p.tun_dst,
-            dst=p.tun_src),
+        auth_algo=p.auth_algo,
+        auth_key=p.auth_key,
+        tunnel_header=ip_class_by_addr_type[p.addr_type](src=p.tun_dst, dst=p.tun_src),
         nat_t_header=outbound_nat_header,
-        esn_en=esn_en)
+        esn_en=esn_en,
+    )
     p.vpp_tun_sa = SecurityAssociation(
-        encryption_type, spi=p.scapy_tun_spi,
+        encryption_type,
+        spi=p.scapy_tun_spi,
         crypt_algo=p.crypt_algo,
         crypt_key=crypt_key,
-        auth_algo=p.auth_algo, auth_key=p.auth_key,
-        tunnel_header=ip_class_by_addr_type[p.addr_type](
-            dst=p.tun_dst,
-            src=p.tun_src),
+        auth_algo=p.auth_algo,
+        auth_key=p.auth_key,
+        tunnel_header=ip_class_by_addr_type[p.addr_type](dst=p.tun_dst, src=p.tun_src),
         nat_t_header=p.nat_header,
-        esn_en=esn_en)
+        esn_en=esn_en,
+    )
 
 
 def config_tra_params(p, encryption_type, tun_if):
     ip_class_by_addr_type = {socket.AF_INET: IP, socket.AF_INET6: IPv6}
-    esn_en = bool(p.flags & (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_sad_flags_t.
-                             IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_USE_ESN))
+    esn_en = bool(
+        p.flags & (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_sad_flags_t.IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_USE_ESN)
+    )
     crypt_key = mk_scapy_crypt_key(p)
     p.tun_dst = tun_if.remote_ip
     p.tun_src = tun_if.local_ip
 
     if p.nat_header:
-        is_default_port = (p.nat_header.dport == 4500)
+        is_default_port = p.nat_header.dport == 4500
     else:
         is_default_port = True
 
     if is_default_port:
         outbound_nat_header = p.nat_header
     else:
-        outbound_nat_header = UDP(sport=p.nat_header.dport,
-                                  dport=p.nat_header.sport)
+        outbound_nat_header = UDP(sport=p.nat_header.dport, dport=p.nat_header.sport)
         bind_layers(UDP, ESP, dport=p.nat_header.dport)
 
     p.scapy_tun_sa = SecurityAssociation(
-        encryption_type, spi=p.vpp_tun_spi,
+        encryption_type,
+        spi=p.vpp_tun_spi,
         crypt_algo=p.crypt_algo,
         crypt_key=crypt_key,
-        auth_algo=p.auth_algo, auth_key=p.auth_key,
+        auth_algo=p.auth_algo,
+        auth_key=p.auth_key,
         esn_en=esn_en,
-        nat_t_header=outbound_nat_header)
+        nat_t_header=outbound_nat_header,
+    )
     p.vpp_tun_sa = SecurityAssociation(
-        encryption_type, spi=p.scapy_tun_spi,
+        encryption_type,
+        spi=p.scapy_tun_spi,
         crypt_algo=p.crypt_algo,
         crypt_key=crypt_key,
-        auth_algo=p.auth_algo, auth_key=p.auth_key,
+        auth_algo=p.auth_algo,
+        auth_key=p.auth_key,
         esn_en=esn_en,
-        nat_t_header=p.nat_header)
+        nat_t_header=p.nat_header,
+    )
 
 
 class TemplateIpsec4TunProtect(object):
-    """ IPsec IPv4 Tunnel protect """
+    """IPsec IPv4 Tunnel protect"""
 
     encryption_type = ESP
     tun4_encrypt_node_name = "esp4-encrypt-tun"
@@ -121,69 +145,97 @@ class TemplateIpsec4TunProtect(object):
     def config_sa_tra(self, p):
         config_tun_params(p, self.encryption_type, p.tun_if)
 
-        p.tun_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(self, p.scapy_tun_sa_id, p.scapy_tun_spi,
-                                  p.auth_algo_vpp_id, p.auth_key,
-                                  p.crypt_algo_vpp_id, p.crypt_key,
-                                  self.vpp_esp_protocol,
-                                  flags=p.flags)
+        p.tun_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            p.scapy_tun_sa_id,
+            p.scapy_tun_spi,
+            p.auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.auth_key,
+            p.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.crypt_key,
+            self.vpp_esp_protocol,
+            flags=p.flags,
+        )
         p.tun_sa_out.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p.tun_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(self, p.vpp_tun_sa_id, p.vpp_tun_spi,
-                                 p.auth_algo_vpp_id, p.auth_key,
-                                 p.crypt_algo_vpp_id, p.crypt_key,
-                                 self.vpp_esp_protocol,
-                                 flags=p.flags)
+        p.tun_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            p.vpp_tun_sa_id,
+            p.vpp_tun_spi,
+            p.auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.auth_key,
+            p.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.crypt_key,
+            self.vpp_esp_protocol,
+            flags=p.flags,
+        )
         p.tun_sa_in.add_vpp_config()
 
     def config_sa_tun(self, p):
         config_tun_params(p, self.encryption_type, p.tun_if)
 
-        p.tun_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(self, p.scapy_tun_sa_id, p.scapy_tun_spi,
-                                  p.auth_algo_vpp_id, p.auth_key,
-                                  p.crypt_algo_vpp_id, p.crypt_key,
-                                  self.vpp_esp_protocol,
-                                  self.tun_if.local_addr[p.addr_type],
-                                  self.tun_if.remote_addr[p.addr_type],
-                                  flags=p.flags)
+        p.tun_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            p.scapy_tun_sa_id,
+            p.scapy_tun_spi,
+            p.auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.auth_key,
+            p.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.crypt_key,
+            self.vpp_esp_protocol,
+            self.tun_if.local_addr[p.addr_type],
+            self.tun_if.remote_addr[p.addr_type],
+            flags=p.flags,
+        )
         p.tun_sa_out.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p.tun_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(self, p.vpp_tun_sa_id, p.vpp_tun_spi,
-                                 p.auth_algo_vpp_id, p.auth_key,
-                                 p.crypt_algo_vpp_id, p.crypt_key,
-                                 self.vpp_esp_protocol,
-                                 self.tun_if.remote_addr[p.addr_type],
-                                 self.tun_if.local_addr[p.addr_type],
-                                 flags=p.flags)
+        p.tun_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            p.vpp_tun_sa_id,
+            p.vpp_tun_spi,
+            p.auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.auth_key,
+            p.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.crypt_key,
+            self.vpp_esp_protocol,
+            self.tun_if.remote_addr[p.addr_type],
+            self.tun_if.local_addr[p.addr_type],
+            flags=p.flags,
+        )
         p.tun_sa_in.add_vpp_config()
 
     def config_protect(self, p):
-        p.tun_protect = VppIpsecTunProtect(self,
-                                           p.tun_if,
-                                           p.tun_sa_out,
-                                           [p.tun_sa_in])
+        p.tun_protect = VppIpsecTunProtect(self, p.tun_if, p.tun_sa_out, [p.tun_sa_in])
         p.tun_protect.add_vpp_config()
 
     def config_network(self, p):
-        if hasattr(p, 'tun_dst'):
+        if hasattr(p, "tun_dst"):
             tun_dst = p.tun_dst
         else:
             tun_dst = self.pg0.remote_ip4
-        p.tun_if = VppIpIpTunInterface(self, self.pg0,
-                                       self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                       tun_dst)
+        p.tun_if = VppIpIpTunInterface(self, self.pg0, self.pg0.local_ip4, tun_dst)
         p.tun_if.add_vpp_config()
         p.tun_if.admin_up()
         p.tun_if.config_ip4()
         p.tun_if.config_ip6()
 
-        p.route = VppIpRoute(self, p.remote_tun_if_host, 32,
-                             [VppRoutePath(p.tun_if.remote_ip4,
-                                           0xffffffff)])
+        p.route = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            p.remote_tun_if_host,
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath(p.tun_if.remote_ip4, 0xFFFFFFFF)],
+        )
         p.route.add_vpp_config()
-        r = VppIpRoute(self, p.remote_tun_if_host6, 128,
-                       [VppRoutePath(p.tun_if.remote_ip6,
-                                     0xffffffff,
-                                     proto=DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_IP6)])
+        r = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            p.remote_tun_if_host6,
+            128,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    p.tun_if.remote_ip6, 0xFFFFFFFF, proto=DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_IP6
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         r.add_vpp_config()
 
     def unconfig_network(self, p):
@@ -198,9 +250,8 @@ class TemplateIpsec4TunProtect(object):
         p.tun_sa_in.remove_vpp_config()
 
 
-class TemplateIpsec4TunIfEsp(TemplateIpsec4TunProtect,
-                             TemplateIpsec):
-    """ IPsec tunnel interface tests """
+class TemplateIpsec4TunIfEsp(TemplateIpsec4TunProtect, TemplateIpsec):
+    """IPsec tunnel interface tests"""
 
     encryption_type = ESP
 
@@ -227,9 +278,8 @@ class TemplateIpsec4TunIfEsp(TemplateIpsec4TunProtect,
         super(TemplateIpsec4TunIfEsp, self).tearDown()
 
 
-class TemplateIpsec4TunIfEspUdp(TemplateIpsec4TunProtect,
-                                TemplateIpsec):
-    """ IPsec UDP tunnel interface tests """
+class TemplateIpsec4TunIfEspUdp(TemplateIpsec4TunProtect, TemplateIpsec):
+    """IPsec UDP tunnel interface tests"""
 
     tun4_encrypt_node_name = "esp4-encrypt-tun"
     tun4_decrypt_node_name = ["esp4-decrypt-tun", "esp4-decrypt-tun-post"]
@@ -270,30 +320,41 @@ class TemplateIpsec4TunIfEspUdp(TemplateIpsec4TunProtect,
     def config_sa_tra(self, p):
         config_tun_params(p, self.encryption_type, p.tun_if)
 
-        p.tun_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(self, p.scapy_tun_sa_id, p.scapy_tun_spi,
-                                  p.auth_algo_vpp_id, p.auth_key,
-                                  p.crypt_algo_vpp_id, p.crypt_key,
-                                  self.vpp_esp_protocol,
-                                  flags=p.flags,
-                                  udp_src=p.nat_header.sport,
-                                  udp_dst=p.nat_header.dport)
+        p.tun_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            p.scapy_tun_sa_id,
+            p.scapy_tun_spi,
+            p.auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.auth_key,
+            p.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.crypt_key,
+            self.vpp_esp_protocol,
+            flags=p.flags,
+            udp_src=p.nat_header.sport,
+            udp_dst=p.nat_header.dport,
+        )
         p.tun_sa_out.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p.tun_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(self, p.vpp_tun_sa_id, p.vpp_tun_spi,
-                                 p.auth_algo_vpp_id, p.auth_key,
-                                 p.crypt_algo_vpp_id, p.crypt_key,
-                                 self.vpp_esp_protocol,
-                                 flags=p.flags,
-                                 udp_src=p.nat_header.sport,
-                                 udp_dst=p.nat_header.dport)
+        p.tun_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            p.vpp_tun_sa_id,
+            p.vpp_tun_spi,
+            p.auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.auth_key,
+            p.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.crypt_key,
+            self.vpp_esp_protocol,
+            flags=p.flags,
+            udp_src=p.nat_header.sport,
+            udp_dst=p.nat_header.dport,
+        )
         p.tun_sa_in.add_vpp_config()
 
     def setUp(self):
         super(TemplateIpsec4TunIfEspUdp, self).setUp()
 
         p = self.ipv4_params
-        p.flags = (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_sad_flags_t.
-                   IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_UDP_ENCAP)
+        p.flags = VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_sad_flags_t.IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_UDP_ENCAP
         p.nat_header = UDP(sport=5454, dport=4500)
 
         self.tun_if = self.pg0
@@ -307,38 +368,38 @@ class TemplateIpsec4TunIfEspUdp(TemplateIpsec4TunProtect,
 
 
 class TestIpsec4TunIfEsp1(TemplateIpsec4TunIfEsp, IpsecTun4Tests):
-    """ Ipsec ESP - TUN tests """
+    """Ipsec ESP - TUN tests"""
+
     tun4_encrypt_node_name = "esp4-encrypt-tun"
     tun4_decrypt_node_name = ["esp4-decrypt-tun", "esp4-decrypt-tun-post"]
 
     def test_tun_basic64(self):
-        """ ipsec 6o4 tunnel basic test """
+        """ipsec 6o4 tunnel basic test"""
         self.tun4_encrypt_node_name = "esp4-encrypt-tun"
 
         self.verify_tun_64(self.params[socket.AF_INET], count=1)
 
     def test_tun_burst64(self):
-        """ ipsec 6o4 tunnel basic test """
+        """ipsec 6o4 tunnel basic test"""
         self.tun4_encrypt_node_name = "esp4-encrypt-tun"
 
         self.verify_tun_64(self.params[socket.AF_INET], count=257)
 
     def test_tun_basic_frag44(self):
-        """ ipsec 4o4 tunnel frag basic test """
+        """ipsec 4o4 tunnel frag basic test"""
         self.tun4_encrypt_node_name = "esp4-encrypt-tun"
 
         p = self.ipv4_params
 
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(p.tun_if.sw_if_index,
-                                       [1500, 0, 0, 0])
-        self.verify_tun_44(self.params[socket.AF_INET],
-                           count=1, payload_size=1800, n_rx=2)
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(p.tun_if.sw_if_index,
-                                       [9000, 0, 0, 0])
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(p.tun_if.sw_if_index, [1500, 0, 0, 0])
+        self.verify_tun_44(
+            self.params[socket.AF_INET], count=1, payload_size=1800, n_rx=2
+        )
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(p.tun_if.sw_if_index, [9000, 0, 0, 0])
 
 
 class TestIpsec4TunIfEspUdp(TemplateIpsec4TunIfEspUdp, IpsecTun4Tests):
-    """ Ipsec ESP UDP tests """
+    """Ipsec ESP UDP tests"""
 
     tun4_input_node = "ipsec4-tun-input"
 
@@ -346,22 +407,22 @@ class TestIpsec4TunIfEspUdp(TemplateIpsec4TunIfEspUdp, IpsecTun4Tests):
         super(TestIpsec4TunIfEspUdp, self).setUp()
 
     def test_keepalive(self):
-        """ IPSEC NAT Keepalive """
+        """IPSEC NAT Keepalive"""
         self.verify_keepalive(self.ipv4_params)
 
 
 class TestIpsec4TunIfEspUdpGCM(TemplateIpsec4TunIfEspUdp, IpsecTun4Tests):
-    """ Ipsec ESP UDP GCM tests """
+    """Ipsec ESP UDP GCM tests"""
 
     tun4_input_node = "ipsec4-tun-input"
 
     def setUp(self):
         super(TestIpsec4TunIfEspUdpGCM, self).setUp()
         p = self.ipv4_params
-        p.auth_algo_vpp_id = (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.
-                              IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_NONE)
-        p.crypt_algo_vpp_id = (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.
-                               IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_GCM_256)
+        p.auth_algo_vpp_id = VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_NONE
+        p.crypt_algo_vpp_id = (
+            VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_GCM_256
+        )
         p.crypt_algo = "AES-GCM"
         p.auth_algo = "NULL"
         p.crypt_key = b"JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7hJPjyOWBeVEQiMe7h"
@@ -369,75 +430,104 @@ class TestIpsec4TunIfEspUdpGCM(TemplateIpsec4TunIfEspUdp, IpsecTun4Tests):
 
 
 class TestIpsec4TunIfEsp2(TemplateIpsec4TunIfEsp, IpsecTcpTests):
-    """ Ipsec ESP - TCP tests """
+    """Ipsec ESP - TCP tests"""
+
     pass
 
 
 class TemplateIpsec6TunProtect(object):
-    """ IPsec IPv6 Tunnel protect """
+    """IPsec IPv6 Tunnel protect"""
 
     def config_sa_tra(self, p):
         config_tun_params(p, self.encryption_type, p.tun_if)
 
-        p.tun_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(self, p.scapy_tun_sa_id, p.scapy_tun_spi,
-                                  p.auth_algo_vpp_id, p.auth_key,
-                                  p.crypt_algo_vpp_id, p.crypt_key,
-                                  self.vpp_esp_protocol)
+        p.tun_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            p.scapy_tun_sa_id,
+            p.scapy_tun_spi,
+            p.auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.auth_key,
+            p.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.crypt_key,
+            self.vpp_esp_protocol,
+        )
         p.tun_sa_out.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p.tun_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(self, p.vpp_tun_sa_id, p.vpp_tun_spi,
-                                 p.auth_algo_vpp_id, p.auth_key,
-                                 p.crypt_algo_vpp_id, p.crypt_key,
-                                 self.vpp_esp_protocol)
+        p.tun_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            p.vpp_tun_sa_id,
+            p.vpp_tun_spi,
+            p.auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.auth_key,
+            p.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.crypt_key,
+            self.vpp_esp_protocol,
+        )
         p.tun_sa_in.add_vpp_config()
 
     def config_sa_tun(self, p):
         config_tun_params(p, self.encryption_type, p.tun_if)
 
-        p.tun_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(self, p.scapy_tun_sa_id, p.scapy_tun_spi,
-                                  p.auth_algo_vpp_id, p.auth_key,
-                                  p.crypt_algo_vpp_id, p.crypt_key,
-                                  self.vpp_esp_protocol,
-                                  self.tun_if.local_addr[p.addr_type],
-                                  self.tun_if.remote_addr[p.addr_type])
+        p.tun_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            p.scapy_tun_sa_id,
+            p.scapy_tun_spi,
+            p.auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.auth_key,
+            p.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.crypt_key,
+            self.vpp_esp_protocol,
+            self.tun_if.local_addr[p.addr_type],
+            self.tun_if.remote_addr[p.addr_type],
+        )
         p.tun_sa_out.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p.tun_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(self, p.vpp_tun_sa_id, p.vpp_tun_spi,
-                                 p.auth_algo_vpp_id, p.auth_key,
-                                 p.crypt_algo_vpp_id, p.crypt_key,
-                                 self.vpp_esp_protocol,
-                                 self.tun_if.remote_addr[p.addr_type],
-                                 self.tun_if.local_addr[p.addr_type])
+        p.tun_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            p.vpp_tun_sa_id,
+            p.vpp_tun_spi,
+            p.auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.auth_key,
+            p.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.crypt_key,
+            self.vpp_esp_protocol,
+            self.tun_if.remote_addr[p.addr_type],
+            self.tun_if.local_addr[p.addr_type],
+        )
         p.tun_sa_in.add_vpp_config()
 
     def config_protect(self, p):
-        p.tun_protect = VppIpsecTunProtect(self,
-                                           p.tun_if,
-                                           p.tun_sa_out,
-                                           [p.tun_sa_in])
+        p.tun_protect = VppIpsecTunProtect(self, p.tun_if, p.tun_sa_out, [p.tun_sa_in])
         p.tun_protect.add_vpp_config()
 
     def config_network(self, p):
-        if hasattr(p, 'tun_dst'):
+        if hasattr(p, "tun_dst"):
             tun_dst = p.tun_dst
         else:
             tun_dst = self.pg0.remote_ip6
-        p.tun_if = VppIpIpTunInterface(self, self.pg0,
-                                       self.pg0.local_ip6,
-                                       tun_dst)
+        p.tun_if = VppIpIpTunInterface(self, self.pg0, self.pg0.local_ip6, tun_dst)
         p.tun_if.add_vpp_config()
         p.tun_if.admin_up()
         p.tun_if.config_ip6()
         p.tun_if.config_ip4()
 
-        p.route = VppIpRoute(self, p.remote_tun_if_host, 128,
-                             [VppRoutePath(p.tun_if.remote_ip6,
-                                           0xffffffff,
-                                           proto=DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_IP6)])
+        p.route = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            p.remote_tun_if_host,
+            128,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    p.tun_if.remote_ip6, 0xFFFFFFFF, proto=DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_IP6
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         p.route.add_vpp_config()
-        r = VppIpRoute(self, p.remote_tun_if_host4, 32,
-                       [VppRoutePath(p.tun_if.remote_ip4,
-                                     0xffffffff)])
+        r = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            p.remote_tun_if_host4,
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath(p.tun_if.remote_ip4, 0xFFFFFFFF)],
+        )
         r.add_vpp_config()
 
     def unconfig_network(self, p):
@@ -452,9 +542,8 @@ class TemplateIpsec6TunProtect(object):
         p.tun_sa_in.remove_vpp_config()
 
 
-class TemplateIpsec6TunIfEsp(TemplateIpsec6TunProtect,
-                             TemplateIpsec):
-    """ IPsec tunnel interface tests """
+class TemplateIpsec6TunIfEsp(TemplateIpsec6TunProtect, TemplateIpsec):
+    """IPsec tunnel interface tests"""
 
     encryption_type = ESP
 
@@ -472,31 +561,31 @@ class TemplateIpsec6TunIfEsp(TemplateIpsec6TunProtect,
         super(TemplateIpsec6TunIfEsp, self).tearDown()
 
 
-class TestIpsec6TunIfEsp1(TemplateIpsec6TunIfEsp,
-                          IpsecTun6Tests):
-    """ Ipsec ESP - TUN tests """
+class TestIpsec6TunIfEsp1(TemplateIpsec6TunIfEsp, IpsecTun6Tests):
+    """Ipsec ESP - TUN tests"""
+
     tun6_encrypt_node_name = "esp6-encrypt-tun"
     tun6_decrypt_node_name = ["esp6-decrypt-tun", "esp6-decrypt-tun-post"]
 
     def test_tun_basic46(self):
-        """ ipsec 4o6 tunnel basic test """
+        """ipsec 4o6 tunnel basic test"""
         self.tun6_encrypt_node_name = "esp6-encrypt-tun"
         self.verify_tun_46(self.params[socket.AF_INET6], count=1)
 
     def test_tun_burst46(self):
-        """ ipsec 4o6 tunnel burst test """
+        """ipsec 4o6 tunnel burst test"""
         self.tun6_encrypt_node_name = "esp6-encrypt-tun"
         self.verify_tun_46(self.params[socket.AF_INET6], count=257)
 
 
-class TestIpsec6TunIfEspHandoff(TemplateIpsec6TunIfEsp,
-                                IpsecTun6HandoffTests):
-    """ Ipsec ESP 6 Handoff tests """
+class TestIpsec6TunIfEspHandoff(TemplateIpsec6TunIfEsp, IpsecTun6HandoffTests):
+    """Ipsec ESP 6 Handoff tests"""
+
     tun6_encrypt_node_name = "esp6-encrypt-tun"
     tun6_decrypt_node_name = ["esp6-decrypt-tun", "esp6-decrypt-tun-post"]
 
     def test_tun_handoff_66_police(self):
-        """ ESP 6o6 tunnel with policer worker hand-off test """
+        """ESP 6o6 tunnel with policer worker hand-off test"""
         self.vapi.cli("clear errors")
         self.vapi.cli("clear ipsec sa")
 
@@ -504,12 +593,19 @@ class TestIpsec6TunIfEspHandoff(TemplateIpsec6TunIfEsp,
         p = self.params[socket.AF_INET6]
 
         action_tx = PolicerAction(
-            VppEnum.vl_api_sse2_qos_action_type_t.SSE2_QOS_ACTION_API_TRANSMIT,
-            0)
-        policer = VppPolicer(self, "pol1", 80, 0, 1000, 0,
-                             conform_action=action_tx,
-                             exceed_action=action_tx,
-                             violate_action=action_tx)
+            VppEnum.vl_api_sse2_qos_action_type_t.SSE2_QOS_ACTION_API_TRANSMIT, 0
+        )
+        policer = VppPolicer(
+            self,
+            "pol1",
+            80,
+            0,
+            1000,
+            0,
+            conform_action=action_tx,
+            exceed_action=action_tx,
+            violate_action=action_tx,
+        )
         policer.add_vpp_config()
 
         # Start policing on tun
@@ -520,13 +616,17 @@ class TestIpsec6TunIfEspHandoff(TemplateIpsec6TunIfEsp,
 
             # inject alternately on worker 0 and 1.
             for worker in [0, 1, 0, 1]:
-                send_pkts = self.gen_encrypt_pkts6(p, p.scapy_tun_sa,
-                                                   self.tun_if,
-                                                   src=p.remote_tun_if_host,
-                                                   dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                                                   count=N_PKTS)
-                recv_pkts = self.send_and_expect(self.tun_if, send_pkts,
-                                                 self.pg1, worker=worker)
+                send_pkts = self.gen_encrypt_pkts6(
+                    p,
+                    p.scapy_tun_sa,
+                    self.tun_if,
+                    src=p.remote_tun_if_host,
+                    dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
+                    count=N_PKTS,
+                )
+                recv_pkts = self.send_and_expect(
+                    self.tun_if, send_pkts, self.pg1, worker=worker
+                )
                 self.verify_decrypted6(p, recv_pkts)
                 self.logger.debug(self.vapi.cli("show trace max 100"))
 
@@ -539,36 +639,36 @@ class TestIpsec6TunIfEspHandoff(TemplateIpsec6TunIfEsp,
                 self.assertEqual(stats, stats1)
 
                 # Worker 0, should have handed everything off
-                self.assertEqual(stats0['conform_packets'], 0)
-                self.assertEqual(stats0['exceed_packets'], 0)
-                self.assertEqual(stats0['violate_packets'], 0)
+                self.assertEqual(stats0["conform_packets"], 0)
+                self.assertEqual(stats0["exceed_packets"], 0)
+                self.assertEqual(stats0["violate_packets"], 0)
             else:
                 # Second pass: both workers should have policed equal amounts
-                self.assertGreater(stats1['conform_packets'], 0)
-                self.assertEqual(stats1['exceed_packets'], 0)
-                self.assertGreater(stats1['violate_packets'], 0)
+                self.assertGreater(stats1["conform_packets"], 0)
+                self.assertEqual(stats1["exceed_packets"], 0)
+                self.assertGreater(stats1["violate_packets"], 0)
 
-                self.assertGreater(stats0['conform_packets'], 0)
-                self.assertEqual(stats0['exceed_packets'], 0)
-                self.assertGreater(stats0['violate_packets'], 0)
+                self.assertGreater(stats0["conform_packets"], 0)
+                self.assertEqual(stats0["exceed_packets"], 0)
+                self.assertGreater(stats0["violate_packets"], 0)
 
-                self.assertEqual(stats0['conform_packets'] +
-                                 stats0['violate_packets'],
-                                 stats1['conform_packets'] +
-                                 stats1['violate_packets'])
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    stats0["conform_packets"] + stats0["violate_packets"],
+                    stats1["conform_packets"] + stats1["violate_packets"],
+                )
 
         policer.apply_vpp_config(p.tun_if.sw_if_index, Dir.RX, False)
         policer.remove_vpp_config()
 
 
-class TestIpsec4TunIfEspHandoff(TemplateIpsec4TunIfEsp,
-                                IpsecTun4HandoffTests):
-    """ Ipsec ESP 4 Handoff tests """
+class TestIpsec4TunIfEspHandoff(TemplateIpsec4TunIfEsp, IpsecTun4HandoffTests):
+    """Ipsec ESP 4 Handoff tests"""
+
     tun4_encrypt_node_name = "esp4-encrypt-tun"
     tun4_decrypt_node_name = ["esp4-decrypt-tun", "esp4-decrypt-tun-post"]
 
     def test_tun_handoff_44_police(self):
-        """ ESP 4o4 tunnel with policer worker hand-off test """
+        """ESP 4o4 tunnel with policer worker hand-off test"""
         self.vapi.cli("clear errors")
         self.vapi.cli("clear ipsec sa")
 
@@ -576,12 +676,19 @@ class TestIpsec4TunIfEspHandoff(TemplateIpsec4TunIfEsp,
         p = self.params[socket.AF_INET]
 
         action_tx = PolicerAction(
-            VppEnum.vl_api_sse2_qos_action_type_t.SSE2_QOS_ACTION_API_TRANSMIT,
-            0)
-        policer = VppPolicer(self, "pol1", 80, 0, 1000, 0,
-                             conform_action=action_tx,
-                             exceed_action=action_tx,
-                             violate_action=action_tx)
+            VppEnum.vl_api_sse2_qos_action_type_t.SSE2_QOS_ACTION_API_TRANSMIT, 0
+        )
+        policer = VppPolicer(
+            self,
+            "pol1",
+            80,
+            0,
+            1000,
+            0,
+            conform_action=action_tx,
+            exceed_action=action_tx,
+            violate_action=action_tx,
+        )
         policer.add_vpp_config()
 
         # Start policing on tun
@@ -592,13 +699,17 @@ class TestIpsec4TunIfEspHandoff(TemplateIpsec4TunIfEsp,
 
             # inject alternately on worker 0 and 1.
             for worker in [0, 1, 0, 1]:
-                send_pkts = self.gen_encrypt_pkts(p, p.scapy_tun_sa,
-                                                  self.tun_if,
-                                                  src=p.remote_tun_if_host,
-                                                  dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                                  count=N_PKTS)
-                recv_pkts = self.send_and_expect(self.tun_if, send_pkts,
-                                                 self.pg1, worker=worker)
+                send_pkts = self.gen_encrypt_pkts(
+                    p,
+                    p.scapy_tun_sa,
+                    self.tun_if,
+                    src=p.remote_tun_if_host,
+                    dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+                    count=N_PKTS,
+                )
+                recv_pkts = self.send_and_expect(
+                    self.tun_if, send_pkts, self.pg1, worker=worker
+                )
                 self.verify_decrypted(p, recv_pkts)
                 self.logger.debug(self.vapi.cli("show trace max 100"))
 
@@ -611,33 +722,31 @@ class TestIpsec4TunIfEspHandoff(TemplateIpsec4TunIfEsp,
                 self.assertEqual(stats, stats1)
 
                 # Worker 0, should have handed everything off
-                self.assertEqual(stats0['conform_packets'], 0)
-                self.assertEqual(stats0['exceed_packets'], 0)
-                self.assertEqual(stats0['violate_packets'], 0)
+                self.assertEqual(stats0["conform_packets"], 0)
+                self.assertEqual(stats0["exceed_packets"], 0)
+                self.assertEqual(stats0["violate_packets"], 0)
             else:
                 # Second pass: both workers should have policed equal amounts
-                self.assertGreater(stats1['conform_packets'], 0)
-                self.assertEqual(stats1['exceed_packets'], 0)
-                self.assertGreater(stats1['violate_packets'], 0)
+                self.assertGreater(stats1["conform_packets"], 0)
+                self.assertEqual(stats1["exceed_packets"], 0)
+                self.assertGreater(stats1["violate_packets"], 0)
 
-                self.assertGreater(stats0['conform_packets'], 0)
-                self.assertEqual(stats0['exceed_packets'], 0)
-                self.assertGreater(stats0['violate_packets'], 0)
+                self.assertGreater(stats0["conform_packets"], 0)
+                self.assertEqual(stats0["exceed_packets"], 0)
+                self.assertGreater(stats0["violate_packets"], 0)
 
-                self.assertEqual(stats0['conform_packets'] +
-                                 stats0['violate_packets'],
-                                 stats1['conform_packets'] +
-                                 stats1['violate_packets'])
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    stats0["conform_packets"] + stats0["violate_packets"],
+                    stats1["conform_packets"] + stats1["violate_packets"],
+                )
 
         policer.apply_vpp_config(p.tun_if.sw_if_index, Dir.RX, False)
         policer.remove_vpp_config()
 
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
-class TestIpsec4MultiTunIfEsp(TemplateIpsec4TunProtect,
-                              TemplateIpsec,
-                              IpsecTun4):
-    """ IPsec IPv4 Multi Tunnel interface """
+class TestIpsec4MultiTunIfEsp(TemplateIpsec4TunProtect, TemplateIpsec, IpsecTun4):
+    """IPsec IPv4 Multi Tunnel interface"""
 
     encryption_type = ESP
     tun4_encrypt_node_name = "esp4-encrypt-tun"
@@ -676,19 +785,23 @@ class TestIpsec4MultiTunIfEsp(TemplateIpsec4TunProtect,
         super(TestIpsec4MultiTunIfEsp, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_tun_44(self):
-        """Multiple IPSEC tunnel interfaces """
+        """Multiple IPSEC tunnel interfaces"""
         for p in self.multi_params:
             self.verify_tun_44(p, count=127)
             self.assertEqual(p.tun_if.get_rx_stats(), 127)
             self.assertEqual(p.tun_if.get_tx_stats(), 127)
 
     def test_tun_rr_44(self):
-        """ Round-robin packets acrros multiple interface """
+        """Round-robin packets acrros multiple interface"""
         tx = []
         for p in self.multi_params:
-            tx = tx + self.gen_encrypt_pkts(p, p.scapy_tun_sa, self.tun_if,
-                                            src=p.remote_tun_if_host,
-                                            dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            tx = tx + self.gen_encrypt_pkts(
+                p,
+                p.scapy_tun_sa,
+                self.tun_if,
+                src=p.remote_tun_if_host,
+                dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+            )
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.tun_if, tx, self.pg1)
 
         for rx, p in zip(rxs, self.multi_params):
@@ -696,18 +809,17 @@ class TestIpsec4MultiTunIfEsp(TemplateIpsec4TunProtect,
 
         tx = []
         for p in self.multi_params:
-            tx = tx + self.gen_pkts(self.pg1, src=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                    dst=p.remote_tun_if_host)
+            tx = tx + self.gen_pkts(
+                self.pg1, src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=p.remote_tun_if_host
+            )
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, tx, self.tun_if)
 
         for rx, p in zip(rxs, self.multi_params):
             self.verify_encrypted(p, p.vpp_tun_sa, [rx])
 
 
-class TestIpsec4TunIfEspAll(TemplateIpsec4TunProtect,
-                            TemplateIpsec,
-                            IpsecTun4):
-    """ IPsec IPv4 Tunnel interface all Algos """
+class TestIpsec4TunIfEspAll(TemplateIpsec4TunProtect, TemplateIpsec, IpsecTun4):
+    """IPsec IPv4 Tunnel interface all Algos"""
 
     encryption_type = ESP
     tun4_encrypt_node_name = "esp4-encrypt-tun"
@@ -736,7 +848,7 @@ class TestIpsec4TunIfEspAll(TemplateIpsec4TunProtect,
         # change the key and the SPI
         #
         np = copy.copy(p)
-        p.crypt_key = b'X' + p.crypt_key[1:]
+        p.crypt_key = b"X" + p.crypt_key[1:]
         p.scapy_tun_spi += 1
         p.scapy_tun_sa_id += 1
         p.vpp_tun_spi += 1
@@ -746,26 +858,30 @@ class TestIpsec4TunIfEspAll(TemplateIpsec4TunProtect,
 
         config_tun_params(p, self.encryption_type, p.tun_if)
 
-        p.tun_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(self,
-                                  p.scapy_tun_sa_id,
-                                  p.scapy_tun_spi,
-                                  p.auth_algo_vpp_id,
-                                  p.auth_key,
-                                  p.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
-                                  p.crypt_key,
-                                  self.vpp_esp_protocol,
-                                  flags=p.flags,
-                                  salt=p.salt)
-        p.tun_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(self,
-                                 p.vpp_tun_sa_id,
-                                 p.vpp_tun_spi,
-                                 p.auth_algo_vpp_id,
-                                 p.auth_key,
-                                 p.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
-                                 p.crypt_key,
-                                 self.vpp_esp_protocol,
-                                 flags=p.flags,
-                                 salt=p.salt)
+        p.tun_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            p.scapy_tun_sa_id,
+            p.scapy_tun_spi,
+            p.auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.auth_key,
+            p.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.crypt_key,
+            self.vpp_esp_protocol,
+            flags=p.flags,
+            salt=p.salt,
+        )
+        p.tun_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            p.vpp_tun_sa_id,
+            p.vpp_tun_spi,
+            p.auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.auth_key,
+            p.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.crypt_key,
+            self.vpp_esp_protocol,
+            flags=p.flags,
+            salt=p.salt,
+        )
         p.tun_sa_in.add_vpp_config()
         p.tun_sa_out.add_vpp_config()
 
@@ -775,68 +891,98 @@ class TestIpsec4TunIfEspAll(TemplateIpsec4TunProtect,
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh ipsec sa"))
 
     def test_tun_44(self):
-        """IPSEC tunnel all algos """
+        """IPSEC tunnel all algos"""
 
         # foreach VPP crypto engine
         engines = ["ia32", "ipsecmb", "openssl"]
 
         # foreach crypto algorithm
-        algos = [{'vpp-crypto': (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.
-                                 IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_GCM_128),
-                  'vpp-integ': (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.
-                                IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_NONE),
-                  'scapy-crypto': "AES-GCM",
-                  'scapy-integ': "NULL",
-                  'key': b"JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7h",
-                  'salt': 3333},
-                 {'vpp-crypto': (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.
-                                 IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_GCM_192),
-                  'vpp-integ': (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.
-                                IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_NONE),
-                  'scapy-crypto': "AES-GCM",
-                  'scapy-integ': "NULL",
-                  'key': b"JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7hJPjyOWBe",
-                  'salt': 0},
-                 {'vpp-crypto': (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.
-                                 IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_GCM_256),
-                  'vpp-integ': (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.
-                                IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_NONE),
-                  'scapy-crypto': "AES-GCM",
-                  'scapy-integ': "NULL",
-                  'key': b"JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7hJPjyOWBeVEQiMe7h",
-                  'salt': 9999},
-                 {'vpp-crypto': (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.
-                                 IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_CBC_128),
-                  'vpp-integ': (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.
-                                IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA1_96),
-                  'scapy-crypto': "AES-CBC",
-                  'scapy-integ': "HMAC-SHA1-96",
-                  'salt': 0,
-                  'key': b"JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7h"},
-                 {'vpp-crypto': (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.
-                                 IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_CBC_192),
-                  'vpp-integ': (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.
-                                IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA_512_256),
-                  'scapy-crypto': "AES-CBC",
-                  'scapy-integ': "SHA2-512-256",
-                  'salt': 0,
-                  'key': b"JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7hJPjyOWBe"},
-                 {'vpp-crypto': (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.
-                                 IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_CBC_256),
-                  'vpp-integ': (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.
-                                IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA_256_128),
-                  'scapy-crypto': "AES-CBC",
-                  'scapy-integ': "SHA2-256-128",
-                  'salt': 0,
-                  'key': b"JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7hJPjyOWBeVEQiMe7h"},
-                 {'vpp-crypto': (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.
-                                 IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_NONE),
-                  'vpp-integ': (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.
-                                IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA1_96),
-                  'scapy-crypto': "NULL",
-                  'scapy-integ': "HMAC-SHA1-96",
-                  'salt': 0,
-                  'key': b"JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7hJPjyOWBeVEQiMe7h"}]
+        algos = [
+            {
+                "vpp-crypto": (
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_GCM_128
+                ),
+                "vpp-integ": (
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_NONE
+                ),
+                "scapy-crypto": "AES-GCM",
+                "scapy-integ": "NULL",
+                "key": b"JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7h",
+                "salt": 3333,
+            },
+            {
+                "vpp-crypto": (
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_GCM_192
+                ),
+                "vpp-integ": (
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_NONE
+                ),
+                "scapy-crypto": "AES-GCM",
+                "scapy-integ": "NULL",
+                "key": b"JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7hJPjyOWBe",
+                "salt": 0,
+            },
+            {
+                "vpp-crypto": (
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_GCM_256
+                ),
+                "vpp-integ": (
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_NONE
+                ),
+                "scapy-crypto": "AES-GCM",
+                "scapy-integ": "NULL",
+                "key": b"JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7hJPjyOWBeVEQiMe7h",
+                "salt": 9999,
+            },
+            {
+                "vpp-crypto": (
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_CBC_128
+                ),
+                "vpp-integ": (
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA1_96
+                ),
+                "scapy-crypto": "AES-CBC",
+                "scapy-integ": "HMAC-SHA1-96",
+                "salt": 0,
+                "key": b"JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7h",
+            },
+            {
+                "vpp-crypto": (
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_CBC_192
+                ),
+                "vpp-integ": (
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA_512_256
+                ),
+                "scapy-crypto": "AES-CBC",
+                "scapy-integ": "SHA2-512-256",
+                "salt": 0,
+                "key": b"JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7hJPjyOWBe",
+            },
+            {
+                "vpp-crypto": (
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_CBC_256
+                ),
+                "vpp-integ": (
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA_256_128
+                ),
+                "scapy-crypto": "AES-CBC",
+                "scapy-integ": "SHA2-256-128",
+                "salt": 0,
+                "key": b"JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7hJPjyOWBeVEQiMe7h",
+            },
+            {
+                "vpp-crypto": (
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_NONE
+                ),
+                "vpp-integ": (
+                    VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA1_96
+                ),
+                "scapy-crypto": "NULL",
+                "scapy-integ": "HMAC-SHA1-96",
+                "salt": 0,
+                "key": b"JPjyOWBeVEQiMe7hJPjyOWBeVEQiMe7h",
+            },
+        ]
 
         for engine in engines:
             self.vapi.cli("set crypto handler all %s" % engine)
@@ -848,12 +994,12 @@ class TestIpsec4TunIfEspAll(TemplateIpsec4TunProtect,
                 # with self.subTest(algo=algo['scapy']):
 
                 p = self.ipv4_params
-                p.auth_algo_vpp_id = algo['vpp-integ']
-                p.crypt_algo_vpp_id = algo['vpp-crypto']
-                p.crypt_algo = algo['scapy-crypto']
-                p.auth_algo = algo['scapy-integ']
-                p.crypt_key = algo['key']
-                p.salt = algo['salt']
+                p.auth_algo_vpp_id = algo["vpp-integ"]
+                p.crypt_algo_vpp_id = algo["vpp-crypto"]
+                p.crypt_algo = algo["scapy-crypto"]
+                p.auth_algo = algo["scapy-integ"]
+                p.crypt_key = algo["key"]
+                p.salt = algo["salt"]
 
                 #
                 # rekey the tunnel
@@ -862,10 +1008,8 @@ class TestIpsec4TunIfEspAll(TemplateIpsec4TunProtect,
                 self.verify_tun_44(p, count=127)
 
 
-class TestIpsec4TunIfEspNoAlgo(TemplateIpsec4TunProtect,
-                               TemplateIpsec,
-                               IpsecTun4):
-    """ IPsec IPv4 Tunnel interface no Algos """
+class TestIpsec4TunIfEspNoAlgo(TemplateIpsec4TunProtect, TemplateIpsec, IpsecTun4):
+    """IPsec IPv4 Tunnel interface no Algos"""
 
     encryption_type = ESP
     tun4_encrypt_node_name = "esp4-encrypt-tun"
@@ -876,29 +1020,28 @@ class TestIpsec4TunIfEspNoAlgo(TemplateIpsec4TunProtect,
 
         self.tun_if = self.pg0
         p = self.ipv4_params
-        p.auth_algo_vpp_id = (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.
-                              IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_NONE)
-        p.auth_algo = 'NULL'
+        p.auth_algo_vpp_id = VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_NONE
+        p.auth_algo = "NULL"
         p.auth_key = []
 
-        p.crypt_algo_vpp_id = (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.
-                               IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_NONE)
-        p.crypt_algo = 'NULL'
+        p.crypt_algo_vpp_id = (
+            VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_NONE
+        )
+        p.crypt_algo = "NULL"
         p.crypt_key = []
 
     def tearDown(self):
         super(TestIpsec4TunIfEspNoAlgo, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_tun_44(self):
-        """ IPSec SA with NULL algos """
+        """IPSec SA with NULL algos"""
         p = self.ipv4_params
 
         self.config_network(p)
         self.config_sa_tra(p)
         self.config_protect(p)
 
-        tx = self.gen_pkts(self.pg1, src=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                           dst=p.remote_tun_if_host)
+        tx = self.gen_pkts(self.pg1, src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=p.remote_tun_if_host)
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg1, tx)
 
         self.unconfig_protect(p)
@@ -907,10 +1050,8 @@ class TestIpsec4TunIfEspNoAlgo(TemplateIpsec4TunProtect,
 
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
-class TestIpsec6MultiTunIfEsp(TemplateIpsec6TunProtect,
-                              TemplateIpsec,
-                              IpsecTun6):
-    """ IPsec IPv6 Multi Tunnel interface """
+class TestIpsec6MultiTunIfEsp(TemplateIpsec6TunProtect, TemplateIpsec, IpsecTun6):
+    """IPsec IPv6 Multi Tunnel interface"""
 
     encryption_type = ESP
     tun6_encrypt_node_name = "esp6-encrypt-tun"
@@ -949,40 +1090,43 @@ class TestIpsec6MultiTunIfEsp(TemplateIpsec6TunProtect,
         super(TestIpsec6MultiTunIfEsp, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_tun_66(self):
-        """Multiple IPSEC tunnel interfaces """
+        """Multiple IPSEC tunnel interfaces"""
         for p in self.multi_params:
             self.verify_tun_66(p, count=127)
             self.assertEqual(p.tun_if.get_rx_stats(), 127)
             self.assertEqual(p.tun_if.get_tx_stats(), 127)
 
 
-class TestIpsecGreTebIfEsp(TemplateIpsec,
-                           IpsecTun4Tests):
-    """ Ipsec GRE TEB ESP - TUN tests """
+class TestIpsecGreTebIfEsp(TemplateIpsec, IpsecTun4Tests):
+    """Ipsec GRE TEB ESP - TUN tests"""
+
     tun4_encrypt_node_name = "esp4-encrypt-tun"
     tun4_decrypt_node_name = ["esp4-decrypt-tun", "esp4-decrypt-tun-post"]
     encryption_type = ESP
     omac = "00:11:22:33:44:55"
 
-    def gen_encrypt_pkts(self, p, sa, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1,
-                         payload_size=100):
-        return [Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac) /
-                sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                              dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-                           GRE() /
-                           Ether(dst=self.omac) /
-                           IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="1.1.1.2") /
-                           UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233) /
-                           Raw(b'X' * payload_size))
-                for i in range(count)]
+    def gen_encrypt_pkts(self, p, sa, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=100):
+        return [
+            Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac)
+            / sa.encrypt(
+                IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+                / GRE()
+                / Ether(dst=self.omac)
+                / IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="1.1.1.2")
+                / UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233)
+                / Raw(b"X" * payload_size)
+            )
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
-    def gen_pkts(self, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1,
-                 payload_size=100):
-        return [Ether(dst=self.omac) /
-                IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="1.1.1.2") /
-                UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233) /
-                Raw(b'X' * payload_size)
-                for i in range(count)]
+    def gen_pkts(self, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=100):
+        return [
+            Ether(dst=self.omac)
+            / IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="1.1.1.2")
+            / UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233)
+            / Raw(b"X" * payload_size)
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
     def verify_decrypted(self, p, rxs):
         for rx in rxs:
@@ -1020,33 +1164,43 @@ class TestIpsecGreTebIfEsp(TemplateIpsec,
         bd1 = VppBridgeDomain(self, 1)
         bd1.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p.tun_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(self, p.scapy_tun_sa_id, p.scapy_tun_spi,
-                                  p.auth_algo_vpp_id, p.auth_key,
-                                  p.crypt_algo_vpp_id, p.crypt_key,
-                                  self.vpp_esp_protocol,
-                                  self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                  self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        p.tun_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            p.scapy_tun_sa_id,
+            p.scapy_tun_spi,
+            p.auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.auth_key,
+            p.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.crypt_key,
+            self.vpp_esp_protocol,
+            self.pg0.local_ip4,
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+        )
         p.tun_sa_out.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p.tun_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(self, p.vpp_tun_sa_id, p.vpp_tun_spi,
-                                 p.auth_algo_vpp_id, p.auth_key,
-                                 p.crypt_algo_vpp_id, p.crypt_key,
-                                 self.vpp_esp_protocol,
-                                 self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                 self.pg0.local_ip4)
+        p.tun_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            p.vpp_tun_sa_id,
+            p.vpp_tun_spi,
+            p.auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.auth_key,
+            p.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.crypt_key,
+            self.vpp_esp_protocol,
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            self.pg0.local_ip4,
+        )
         p.tun_sa_in.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p.tun_if = VppGreInterface(self,
-                                   self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                   self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                   type=(VppEnum.vl_api_gre_tunnel_type_t.
-                                         GRE_API_TUNNEL_TYPE_TEB))
+        p.tun_if = VppGreInterface(
+            self,
+            self.pg0.local_ip4,
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            type=(VppEnum.vl_api_gre_tunnel_type_t.GRE_API_TUNNEL_TYPE_TEB),
+        )
         p.tun_if.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p.tun_protect = VppIpsecTunProtect(self,
-                                           p.tun_if,
-                                           p.tun_sa_out,
-                                           [p.tun_sa_in])
+        p.tun_protect = VppIpsecTunProtect(self, p.tun_if, p.tun_sa_out, [p.tun_sa_in])
 
         p.tun_protect.add_vpp_config()
 
@@ -1067,34 +1221,37 @@ class TestIpsecGreTebIfEsp(TemplateIpsec,
         super(TestIpsecGreTebIfEsp, self).tearDown()
 
 
-class TestIpsecGreTebVlanIfEsp(TemplateIpsec,
-                               IpsecTun4Tests):
-    """ Ipsec GRE TEB ESP - TUN tests """
+class TestIpsecGreTebVlanIfEsp(TemplateIpsec, IpsecTun4Tests):
+    """Ipsec GRE TEB ESP - TUN tests"""
+
     tun4_encrypt_node_name = "esp4-encrypt-tun"
     tun4_decrypt_node_name = ["esp4-decrypt-tun", "esp4-decrypt-tun-post"]
     encryption_type = ESP
     omac = "00:11:22:33:44:55"
 
-    def gen_encrypt_pkts(self, p, sa, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1,
-                         payload_size=100):
-        return [Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac) /
-                sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                              dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-                           GRE() /
-                           Ether(dst=self.omac) /
-                           IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="1.1.1.2") /
-                           UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233) /
-                           Raw(b'X' * payload_size))
-                for i in range(count)]
+    def gen_encrypt_pkts(self, p, sa, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=100):
+        return [
+            Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac)
+            / sa.encrypt(
+                IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+                / GRE()
+                / Ether(dst=self.omac)
+                / IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="1.1.1.2")
+                / UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233)
+                / Raw(b"X" * payload_size)
+            )
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
-    def gen_pkts(self, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1,
-                 payload_size=100):
-        return [Ether(dst=self.omac) /
-                Dot1Q(vlan=11) /
-                IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="1.1.1.2") /
-                UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233) /
-                Raw(b'X' * payload_size)
-                for i in range(count)]
+    def gen_pkts(self, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=100):
+        return [
+            Ether(dst=self.omac)
+            / Dot1Q(vlan=11)
+            / IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="1.1.1.2")
+            / UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233)
+            / Raw(b"X" * payload_size)
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
     def verify_decrypted(self, p, rxs):
         for rx in rxs:
@@ -1136,37 +1293,49 @@ class TestIpsecGreTebVlanIfEsp(TemplateIpsec,
 
         self.pg1_11 = VppDot1QSubint(self, self.pg1, 11)
         self.vapi.l2_interface_vlan_tag_rewrite(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1_11.sw_if_index, vtr_op=L2_VTR_OP.L2_POP_1,
-            push_dot1q=11)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1_11.sw_if_index,
+            vtr_op=L2_VTR_OP.L2_POP_1,
+            push_dot1q=11,
+        )
         self.pg1_11.admin_up()
 
-        p.tun_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(self, p.scapy_tun_sa_id, p.scapy_tun_spi,
-                                  p.auth_algo_vpp_id, p.auth_key,
-                                  p.crypt_algo_vpp_id, p.crypt_key,
-                                  self.vpp_esp_protocol,
-                                  self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                  self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        p.tun_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            p.scapy_tun_sa_id,
+            p.scapy_tun_spi,
+            p.auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.auth_key,
+            p.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.crypt_key,
+            self.vpp_esp_protocol,
+            self.pg0.local_ip4,
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+        )
         p.tun_sa_out.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p.tun_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(self, p.vpp_tun_sa_id, p.vpp_tun_spi,
-                                 p.auth_algo_vpp_id, p.auth_key,
-                                 p.crypt_algo_vpp_id, p.crypt_key,
-                                 self.vpp_esp_protocol,
-                                 self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                 self.pg0.local_ip4)
+        p.tun_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            p.vpp_tun_sa_id,
+            p.vpp_tun_spi,
+            p.auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.auth_key,
+            p.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.crypt_key,
+            self.vpp_esp_protocol,
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            self.pg0.local_ip4,
+        )
         p.tun_sa_in.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p.tun_if = VppGreInterface(self,
-                                   self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                   self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                   type=(VppEnum.vl_api_gre_tunnel_type_t.
-                                         GRE_API_TUNNEL_TYPE_TEB))
+        p.tun_if = VppGreInterface(
+            self,
+            self.pg0.local_ip4,
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            type=(VppEnum.vl_api_gre_tunnel_type_t.GRE_API_TUNNEL_TYPE_TEB),
+        )
         p.tun_if.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p.tun_protect = VppIpsecTunProtect(self,
-                                           p.tun_if,
-                                           p.tun_sa_out,
-                                           [p.tun_sa_in])
+        p.tun_protect = VppIpsecTunProtect(self, p.tun_if, p.tun_sa_out, [p.tun_sa_in])
 
         p.tun_protect.add_vpp_config()
 
@@ -1187,33 +1356,36 @@ class TestIpsecGreTebVlanIfEsp(TemplateIpsec,
         self.pg1_11.remove_vpp_config()
 
 
-class TestIpsecGreTebIfEspTra(TemplateIpsec,
-                              IpsecTun4Tests):
-    """ Ipsec GRE TEB ESP - Tra tests """
+class TestIpsecGreTebIfEspTra(TemplateIpsec, IpsecTun4Tests):
+    """Ipsec GRE TEB ESP - Tra tests"""
+
     tun4_encrypt_node_name = "esp4-encrypt-tun"
     tun4_decrypt_node_name = ["esp4-decrypt-tun", "esp4-decrypt-tun-post"]
     encryption_type = ESP
     omac = "00:11:22:33:44:55"
 
-    def gen_encrypt_pkts(self, p, sa, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1,
-                         payload_size=100):
-        return [Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac) /
-                sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                              dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-                           GRE() /
-                           Ether(dst=self.omac) /
-                           IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="1.1.1.2") /
-                           UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233) /
-                           Raw(b'X' * payload_size))
-                for i in range(count)]
+    def gen_encrypt_pkts(self, p, sa, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=100):
+        return [
+            Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac)
+            / sa.encrypt(
+                IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+                / GRE()
+                / Ether(dst=self.omac)
+                / IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="1.1.1.2")
+                / UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233)
+                / Raw(b"X" * payload_size)
+            )
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
-    def gen_pkts(self, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1,
-                 payload_size=100):
-        return [Ether(dst=self.omac) /
-                IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="1.1.1.2") /
-                UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233) /
-                Raw(b'X' * payload_size)
-                for i in range(count)]
+    def gen_pkts(self, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=100):
+        return [
+            Ether(dst=self.omac)
+            / IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="1.1.1.2")
+            / UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233)
+            / Raw(b"X" * payload_size)
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
     def verify_decrypted(self, p, rxs):
         for rx in rxs:
@@ -1251,29 +1423,39 @@ class TestIpsecGreTebIfEspTra(TemplateIpsec,
         bd1 = VppBridgeDomain(self, 1)
         bd1.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p.tun_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(self, p.scapy_tun_sa_id, p.scapy_tun_spi,
-                                  p.auth_algo_vpp_id, p.auth_key,
-                                  p.crypt_algo_vpp_id, p.crypt_key,
-                                  self.vpp_esp_protocol)
+        p.tun_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            p.scapy_tun_sa_id,
+            p.scapy_tun_spi,
+            p.auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.auth_key,
+            p.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.crypt_key,
+            self.vpp_esp_protocol,
+        )
         p.tun_sa_out.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p.tun_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(self, p.vpp_tun_sa_id, p.vpp_tun_spi,
-                                 p.auth_algo_vpp_id, p.auth_key,
-                                 p.crypt_algo_vpp_id, p.crypt_key,
-                                 self.vpp_esp_protocol)
+        p.tun_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            p.vpp_tun_sa_id,
+            p.vpp_tun_spi,
+            p.auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.auth_key,
+            p.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.crypt_key,
+            self.vpp_esp_protocol,
+        )
         p.tun_sa_in.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p.tun_if = VppGreInterface(self,
-                                   self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                   self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                   type=(VppEnum.vl_api_gre_tunnel_type_t.
-                                         GRE_API_TUNNEL_TYPE_TEB))
+        p.tun_if = VppGreInterface(
+            self,
+            self.pg0.local_ip4,
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            type=(VppEnum.vl_api_gre_tunnel_type_t.GRE_API_TUNNEL_TYPE_TEB),
+        )
         p.tun_if.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p.tun_protect = VppIpsecTunProtect(self,
-                                           p.tun_if,
-                                           p.tun_sa_out,
-                                           [p.tun_sa_in])
+        p.tun_protect = VppIpsecTunProtect(self, p.tun_if, p.tun_sa_out, [p.tun_sa_in])
 
         p.tun_protect.add_vpp_config()
 
@@ -1292,33 +1474,36 @@ class TestIpsecGreTebIfEspTra(TemplateIpsec,
         super(TestIpsecGreTebIfEspTra, self).tearDown()
 
 
-class TestIpsecGreTebUdpIfEspTra(TemplateIpsec,
-                                 IpsecTun4Tests):
-    """ Ipsec GRE TEB UDP ESP - Tra tests """
+class TestIpsecGreTebUdpIfEspTra(TemplateIpsec, IpsecTun4Tests):
+    """Ipsec GRE TEB UDP ESP - Tra tests"""
+
     tun4_encrypt_node_name = "esp4-encrypt-tun"
     tun4_decrypt_node_name = ["esp4-decrypt-tun", "esp4-decrypt-tun-post"]
     encryption_type = ESP
     omac = "00:11:22:33:44:55"
 
-    def gen_encrypt_pkts(self, p, sa, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1,
-                         payload_size=100):
-        return [Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac) /
-                sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                              dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-                           GRE() /
-                           Ether(dst=self.omac) /
-                           IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="1.1.1.2") /
-                           UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233) /
-                           Raw(b'X' * payload_size))
-                for i in range(count)]
+    def gen_encrypt_pkts(self, p, sa, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=100):
+        return [
+            Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac)
+            / sa.encrypt(
+                IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+                / GRE()
+                / Ether(dst=self.omac)
+                / IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="1.1.1.2")
+                / UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233)
+                / Raw(b"X" * payload_size)
+            )
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
-    def gen_pkts(self, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1,
-                 payload_size=100):
-        return [Ether(dst=self.omac) /
-                IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="1.1.1.2") /
-                UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233) /
-                Raw(b'X' * payload_size)
-                for i in range(count)]
+    def gen_pkts(self, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=100):
+        return [
+            Ether(dst=self.omac)
+            / IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="1.1.1.2")
+            / UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233)
+            / Raw(b"X" * payload_size)
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
     def verify_decrypted(self, p, rxs):
         for rx in rxs:
@@ -1356,44 +1541,53 @@ class TestIpsecGreTebUdpIfEspTra(TemplateIpsec,
 
         p = self.ipv4_params
         p = self.ipv4_params
-        p.flags = (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_sad_flags_t.
-                   IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_UDP_ENCAP)
+        p.flags = VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_sad_flags_t.IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_UDP_ENCAP
         p.nat_header = UDP(sport=5454, dport=4545)
 
         bd1 = VppBridgeDomain(self, 1)
         bd1.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p.tun_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(self, p.scapy_tun_sa_id, p.scapy_tun_spi,
-                                  p.auth_algo_vpp_id, p.auth_key,
-                                  p.crypt_algo_vpp_id, p.crypt_key,
-                                  self.vpp_esp_protocol,
-                                  flags=p.flags,
-                                  udp_src=5454,
-                                  udp_dst=4545)
+        p.tun_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            p.scapy_tun_sa_id,
+            p.scapy_tun_spi,
+            p.auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.auth_key,
+            p.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.crypt_key,
+            self.vpp_esp_protocol,
+            flags=p.flags,
+            udp_src=5454,
+            udp_dst=4545,
+        )
         p.tun_sa_out.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p.tun_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(self, p.vpp_tun_sa_id, p.vpp_tun_spi,
-                                 p.auth_algo_vpp_id, p.auth_key,
-                                 p.crypt_algo_vpp_id, p.crypt_key,
-                                 self.vpp_esp_protocol,
-                                 flags=(p.flags |
-                                        VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_sad_flags_t.
-                                        IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_IS_INBOUND),
-                                 udp_src=4545,
-                                 udp_dst=5454)
+        p.tun_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            p.vpp_tun_sa_id,
+            p.vpp_tun_spi,
+            p.auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.auth_key,
+            p.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.crypt_key,
+            self.vpp_esp_protocol,
+            flags=(
+                p.flags | VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_sad_flags_t.IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_IS_INBOUND
+            ),
+            udp_src=4545,
+            udp_dst=5454,
+        )
         p.tun_sa_in.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p.tun_if = VppGreInterface(self,
-                                   self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                   self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                   type=(VppEnum.vl_api_gre_tunnel_type_t.
-                                         GRE_API_TUNNEL_TYPE_TEB))
+        p.tun_if = VppGreInterface(
+            self,
+            self.pg0.local_ip4,
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            type=(VppEnum.vl_api_gre_tunnel_type_t.GRE_API_TUNNEL_TYPE_TEB),
+        )
         p.tun_if.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p.tun_protect = VppIpsecTunProtect(self,
-                                           p.tun_if,
-                                           p.tun_sa_out,
-                                           [p.tun_sa_in])
+        p.tun_protect = VppIpsecTunProtect(self, p.tun_if, p.tun_sa_out, [p.tun_sa_in])
 
         p.tun_protect.add_vpp_config()
 
@@ -1413,32 +1607,34 @@ class TestIpsecGreTebUdpIfEspTra(TemplateIpsec,
         super(TestIpsecGreTebUdpIfEspTra, self).tearDown()
 
 
-class TestIpsecGreIfEsp(TemplateIpsec,
-                        IpsecTun4Tests):
-    """ Ipsec GRE ESP - TUN tests """
+class TestIpsecGreIfEsp(TemplateIpsec, IpsecTun4Tests):
+    """Ipsec GRE ESP - TUN tests"""
+
     tun4_encrypt_node_name = "esp4-encrypt-tun"
     tun4_decrypt_node_name = ["esp4-decrypt-tun", "esp4-decrypt-tun-post"]
     encryption_type = ESP
 
-    def gen_encrypt_pkts(self, p, sa, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1,
-                         payload_size=100):
-        return [Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac) /
-                sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                              dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-                           GRE() /
-                           IP(src=self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                              dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-                           UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233) /
-                           Raw(b'X' * payload_size))
-                for i in range(count)]
+    def gen_encrypt_pkts(self, p, sa, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=100):
+        return [
+            Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac)
+            / sa.encrypt(
+                IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+                / GRE()
+                / IP(src=self.pg1.local_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233)
+                / Raw(b"X" * payload_size)
+            )
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
-    def gen_pkts(self, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1,
-                 payload_size=100):
-        return [Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac) /
-                IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="1.1.1.2") /
-                UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233) /
-                Raw(b'X' * payload_size)
-                for i in range(count)]
+    def gen_pkts(self, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=100):
+        return [
+            Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac)
+            / IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="1.1.1.2")
+            / UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233)
+            / Raw(b"X" * payload_size)
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
     def verify_decrypted(self, p, rxs):
         for rx in rxs:
@@ -1475,40 +1671,47 @@ class TestIpsecGreIfEsp(TemplateIpsec,
         bd1 = VppBridgeDomain(self, 1)
         bd1.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p.tun_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(self, p.scapy_tun_sa_id, p.scapy_tun_spi,
-                                  p.auth_algo_vpp_id, p.auth_key,
-                                  p.crypt_algo_vpp_id, p.crypt_key,
-                                  self.vpp_esp_protocol,
-                                  self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                  self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        p.tun_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            p.scapy_tun_sa_id,
+            p.scapy_tun_spi,
+            p.auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.auth_key,
+            p.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.crypt_key,
+            self.vpp_esp_protocol,
+            self.pg0.local_ip4,
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+        )
         p.tun_sa_out.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p.tun_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(self, p.vpp_tun_sa_id, p.vpp_tun_spi,
-                                 p.auth_algo_vpp_id, p.auth_key,
-                                 p.crypt_algo_vpp_id, p.crypt_key,
-                                 self.vpp_esp_protocol,
-                                 self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                 self.pg0.local_ip4)
+        p.tun_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            p.vpp_tun_sa_id,
+            p.vpp_tun_spi,
+            p.auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.auth_key,
+            p.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.crypt_key,
+            self.vpp_esp_protocol,
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            self.pg0.local_ip4,
+        )
         p.tun_sa_in.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p.tun_if = VppGreInterface(self,
-                                   self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                   self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        p.tun_if = VppGreInterface(self, self.pg0.local_ip4, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
         p.tun_if.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p.tun_protect = VppIpsecTunProtect(self,
-                                           p.tun_if,
-                                           p.tun_sa_out,
-                                           [p.tun_sa_in])
+        p.tun_protect = VppIpsecTunProtect(self, p.tun_if, p.tun_sa_out, [p.tun_sa_in])
         p.tun_protect.add_vpp_config()
 
         p.tun_if.admin_up()
         p.tun_if.config_ip4()
         config_tun_params(p, self.encryption_type, p.tun_if)
 
-        VppIpRoute(self, "1.1.1.2", 32,
-                   [VppRoutePath(p.tun_if.remote_ip4,
-                                 0xffffffff)]).add_vpp_config()
+        VppIpRoute(
+            self, "1.1.1.2", 32, [VppRoutePath(p.tun_if.remote_ip4, 0xFFFFFFFF)]
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
     def tearDown(self):
         p = self.ipv4_params
@@ -1516,42 +1719,46 @@ class TestIpsecGreIfEsp(TemplateIpsec,
         super(TestIpsecGreIfEsp, self).tearDown()
 
 
-class TestIpsecGreIfEspTra(TemplateIpsec,
-                           IpsecTun4Tests):
-    """ Ipsec GRE ESP - TRA tests """
+class TestIpsecGreIfEspTra(TemplateIpsec, IpsecTun4Tests):
+    """Ipsec GRE ESP - TRA tests"""
+
     tun4_encrypt_node_name = "esp4-encrypt-tun"
     tun4_decrypt_node_name = ["esp4-decrypt-tun", "esp4-decrypt-tun-post"]
     encryption_type = ESP
 
-    def gen_encrypt_pkts(self, p, sa, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1,
-                         payload_size=100):
-        return [Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac) /
-                sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                              dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-                           GRE() /
-                           IP(src=self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                              dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-                           UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233) /
-                           Raw(b'X' * payload_size))
-                for i in range(count)]
+    def gen_encrypt_pkts(self, p, sa, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=100):
+        return [
+            Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac)
+            / sa.encrypt(
+                IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+                / GRE()
+                / IP(src=self.pg1.local_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233)
+                / Raw(b"X" * payload_size)
+            )
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
-    def gen_encrypt_non_ip_pkts(self, sa, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1,
-                                payload_size=100):
-        return [Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac) /
-                sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                              dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-                           GRE() /
-                           UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233) /
-                           Raw(b'X' * payload_size))
-                for i in range(count)]
+    def gen_encrypt_non_ip_pkts(self, sa, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=100):
+        return [
+            Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac)
+            / sa.encrypt(
+                IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+                / GRE()
+                / UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233)
+                / Raw(b"X" * payload_size)
+            )
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
-    def gen_pkts(self, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1,
-                 payload_size=100):
-        return [Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac) /
-                IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="1.1.1.2") /
-                UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233) /
-                Raw(b'X' * payload_size)
-                for i in range(count)]
+    def gen_pkts(self, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=100):
+        return [
+            Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac)
+            / IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="1.1.1.2")
+            / UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233)
+            / Raw(b"X" * payload_size)
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
     def verify_decrypted(self, p, rxs):
         for rx in rxs:
@@ -1583,36 +1790,43 @@ class TestIpsecGreIfEspTra(TemplateIpsec,
 
         p = self.ipv4_params
 
-        p.tun_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(self, p.scapy_tun_sa_id, p.scapy_tun_spi,
-                                  p.auth_algo_vpp_id, p.auth_key,
-                                  p.crypt_algo_vpp_id, p.crypt_key,
-                                  self.vpp_esp_protocol)
+        p.tun_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            p.scapy_tun_sa_id,
+            p.scapy_tun_spi,
+            p.auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.auth_key,
+            p.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.crypt_key,
+            self.vpp_esp_protocol,
+        )
         p.tun_sa_out.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p.tun_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(self, p.vpp_tun_sa_id, p.vpp_tun_spi,
-                                 p.auth_algo_vpp_id, p.auth_key,
-                                 p.crypt_algo_vpp_id, p.crypt_key,
-                                 self.vpp_esp_protocol)
+        p.tun_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            p.vpp_tun_sa_id,
+            p.vpp_tun_spi,
+            p.auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.auth_key,
+            p.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.crypt_key,
+            self.vpp_esp_protocol,
+        )
         p.tun_sa_in.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p.tun_if = VppGreInterface(self,
-                                   self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                   self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        p.tun_if = VppGreInterface(self, self.pg0.local_ip4, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
         p.tun_if.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p.tun_protect = VppIpsecTunProtect(self,
-                                           p.tun_if,
-                                           p.tun_sa_out,
-                                           [p.tun_sa_in])
+        p.tun_protect = VppIpsecTunProtect(self, p.tun_if, p.tun_sa_out, [p.tun_sa_in])
         p.tun_protect.add_vpp_config()
 
         p.tun_if.admin_up()
         p.tun_if.config_ip4()
         config_tra_params(p, self.encryption_type, p.tun_if)
 
-        VppIpRoute(self, "1.1.1.2", 32,
-                   [VppRoutePath(p.tun_if.remote_ip4,
-                                 0xffffffff)]).add_vpp_config()
+        VppIpRoute(
+            self, "1.1.1.2", 32, [VppRoutePath(p.tun_if.remote_ip4, 0xFFFFFFFF)]
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
     def tearDown(self):
         p = self.ipv4_params
@@ -1621,41 +1835,45 @@ class TestIpsecGreIfEspTra(TemplateIpsec,
 
     def test_gre_non_ip(self):
         p = self.ipv4_params
-        tx = self.gen_encrypt_non_ip_pkts(p.scapy_tun_sa, self.tun_if,
-                                          src=p.remote_tun_if_host,
-                                          dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6)
+        tx = self.gen_encrypt_non_ip_pkts(
+            p.scapy_tun_sa,
+            self.tun_if,
+            src=p.remote_tun_if_host,
+            dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.tun_if, tx)
-        node_name = ('/err/%s/unsupported payload' %
-                     self.tun4_decrypt_node_name[0])
+        node_name = "/err/%s/unsupported payload" % self.tun4_decrypt_node_name[0]
         self.assertEqual(1, self.statistics.get_err_counter(node_name))
 
 
-class TestIpsecGre6IfEspTra(TemplateIpsec,
-                            IpsecTun6Tests):
-    """ Ipsec GRE ESP - TRA tests """
+class TestIpsecGre6IfEspTra(TemplateIpsec, IpsecTun6Tests):
+    """Ipsec GRE ESP - TRA tests"""
+
     tun6_encrypt_node_name = "esp6-encrypt-tun"
     tun6_decrypt_node_name = ["esp6-decrypt-tun", "esp6-decrypt-tun-post"]
     encryption_type = ESP
 
-    def gen_encrypt_pkts6(self, p, sa, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1,
-                          payload_size=100):
-        return [Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac) /
-                sa.encrypt(IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                                dst=self.pg0.local_ip6) /
-                           GRE() /
-                           IPv6(src=self.pg1.local_ip6,
-                                dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6) /
-                           UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233) /
-                           Raw(b'X' * payload_size))
-                for i in range(count)]
+    def gen_encrypt_pkts6(self, p, sa, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=100):
+        return [
+            Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac)
+            / sa.encrypt(
+                IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6)
+                / GRE()
+                / IPv6(src=self.pg1.local_ip6, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6)
+                / UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233)
+                / Raw(b"X" * payload_size)
+            )
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
-    def gen_pkts6(self, p, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1,
-                  payload_size=100):
-        return [Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac) /
-                IPv6(src="1::1", dst="1::2") /
-                UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233) /
-                Raw(b'X' * payload_size)
-                for i in range(count)]
+    def gen_pkts6(self, p, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=100):
+        return [
+            Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src="1::1", dst="1::2")
+            / UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233)
+            / Raw(b"X" * payload_size)
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
     def verify_decrypted6(self, p, rxs):
         for rx in rxs:
@@ -1690,37 +1908,50 @@ class TestIpsecGre6IfEspTra(TemplateIpsec,
         bd1 = VppBridgeDomain(self, 1)
         bd1.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p.tun_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(self, p.scapy_tun_sa_id, p.scapy_tun_spi,
-                                  p.auth_algo_vpp_id, p.auth_key,
-                                  p.crypt_algo_vpp_id, p.crypt_key,
-                                  self.vpp_esp_protocol)
+        p.tun_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            p.scapy_tun_sa_id,
+            p.scapy_tun_spi,
+            p.auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.auth_key,
+            p.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.crypt_key,
+            self.vpp_esp_protocol,
+        )
         p.tun_sa_out.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p.tun_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(self, p.vpp_tun_sa_id, p.vpp_tun_spi,
-                                 p.auth_algo_vpp_id, p.auth_key,
-                                 p.crypt_algo_vpp_id, p.crypt_key,
-                                 self.vpp_esp_protocol)
+        p.tun_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            p.vpp_tun_sa_id,
+            p.vpp_tun_spi,
+            p.auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.auth_key,
+            p.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.crypt_key,
+            self.vpp_esp_protocol,
+        )
         p.tun_sa_in.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p.tun_if = VppGreInterface(self,
-                                   self.pg0.local_ip6,
-                                   self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+        p.tun_if = VppGreInterface(self, self.pg0.local_ip6, self.pg0.remote_ip6)
         p.tun_if.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p.tun_protect = VppIpsecTunProtect(self,
-                                           p.tun_if,
-                                           p.tun_sa_out,
-                                           [p.tun_sa_in])
+        p.tun_protect = VppIpsecTunProtect(self, p.tun_if, p.tun_sa_out, [p.tun_sa_in])
         p.tun_protect.add_vpp_config()
 
         p.tun_if.admin_up()
         p.tun_if.config_ip6()
         config_tra_params(p, self.encryption_type, p.tun_if)
 
-        r = VppIpRoute(self, "1::2", 128,
-                       [VppRoutePath(p.tun_if.remote_ip6,
-                                     0xffffffff,
-                                     proto=DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_IP6)])
+        r = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "1::2",
+            128,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    p.tun_if.remote_ip6, 0xFFFFFFFF, proto=DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_IP6
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         r.add_vpp_config()
 
     def tearDown(self):
@@ -1730,30 +1961,33 @@ class TestIpsecGre6IfEspTra(TemplateIpsec,
 
 
 class TestIpsecMGreIfEspTra4(TemplateIpsec, IpsecTun4):
-    """ Ipsec mGRE ESP v4 TRA tests """
+    """Ipsec mGRE ESP v4 TRA tests"""
+
     tun4_encrypt_node_name = "esp4-encrypt-tun"
     tun4_decrypt_node_name = ["esp4-decrypt-tun", "esp4-decrypt-tun-post"]
     encryption_type = ESP
 
-    def gen_encrypt_pkts(self, p, sa, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1,
-                         payload_size=100):
-        return [Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac) /
-                sa.encrypt(IP(src=p.tun_dst,
-                              dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-                           GRE() /
-                           IP(src=self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                              dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-                           UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233) /
-                           Raw(b'X' * payload_size))
-                for i in range(count)]
+    def gen_encrypt_pkts(self, p, sa, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=100):
+        return [
+            Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac)
+            / sa.encrypt(
+                IP(src=p.tun_dst, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+                / GRE()
+                / IP(src=self.pg1.local_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233)
+                / Raw(b"X" * payload_size)
+            )
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
-    def gen_pkts(self, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1,
-                 payload_size=100):
-        return [Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac) /
-                IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst=dst) /
-                UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233) /
-                Raw(b'X' * payload_size)
-                for i in range(count)]
+    def gen_pkts(self, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=100):
+        return [
+            Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac)
+            / IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst=dst)
+            / UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233)
+            / Raw(b"X" * payload_size)
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
     def verify_decrypted(self, p, rxs):
         for rx in rxs:
@@ -1784,11 +2018,12 @@ class TestIpsecMGreIfEspTra4(TemplateIpsec, IpsecTun4):
         N_NHS = 16
         self.tun_if = self.pg0
         p = self.ipv4_params
-        p.tun_if = VppGreInterface(self,
-                                   self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                   "0.0.0.0",
-                                   mode=(VppEnum.vl_api_tunnel_mode_t.
-                                         TUNNEL_API_MODE_MP))
+        p.tun_if = VppGreInterface(
+            self,
+            self.pg0.local_ip4,
+            "0.0.0.0",
+            mode=(VppEnum.vl_api_tunnel_mode_t.TUNNEL_API_MODE_MP),
+        )
         p.tun_if.add_vpp_config()
         p.tun_if.admin_up()
         p.tun_if.config_ip4()
@@ -1812,16 +2047,28 @@ class TestIpsecMGreIfEspTra4(TemplateIpsec, IpsecTun4):
             p.scapy_tra_spi = p.scapy_tra_spi + ii
             p.vpp_tra_sa_id = p.vpp_tra_sa_id + ii
             p.vpp_tra_spi = p.vpp_tra_spi + ii
-            p.tun_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(self, p.scapy_tun_sa_id, p.scapy_tun_spi,
-                                      p.auth_algo_vpp_id, p.auth_key,
-                                      p.crypt_algo_vpp_id, p.crypt_key,
-                                      self.vpp_esp_protocol)
+            p.tun_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(
+                self,
+                p.scapy_tun_sa_id,
+                p.scapy_tun_spi,
+                p.auth_algo_vpp_id,
+                p.auth_key,
+                p.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+                p.crypt_key,
+                self.vpp_esp_protocol,
+            )
             p.tun_sa_out.add_vpp_config()
 
-            p.tun_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(self, p.vpp_tun_sa_id, p.vpp_tun_spi,
-                                     p.auth_algo_vpp_id, p.auth_key,
-                                     p.crypt_algo_vpp_id, p.crypt_key,
-                                     self.vpp_esp_protocol)
+            p.tun_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(
+                self,
+                p.vpp_tun_sa_id,
+                p.vpp_tun_spi,
+                p.auth_algo_vpp_id,
+                p.auth_key,
+                p.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+                p.crypt_key,
+                self.vpp_esp_protocol,
+            )
             p.tun_sa_in.add_vpp_config()
 
             p.tun_protect = VppIpsecTunProtect(
@@ -1829,19 +2076,26 @@ class TestIpsecMGreIfEspTra4(TemplateIpsec, IpsecTun4):
                 p.tun_if,
                 p.tun_sa_out,
                 [p.tun_sa_in],
-                nh=p.tun_if.remote_hosts[ii].ip4)
+                nh=p.tun_if.remote_hosts[ii].ip4,
+            )
             p.tun_protect.add_vpp_config()
             config_tra_params(p, self.encryption_type, p.tun_if)
             self.multi_params.append(p)
 
-            VppIpRoute(self, p.remote_tun_if_host, 32,
-                       [VppRoutePath(p.tun_if.remote_hosts[ii].ip4,
-                                     p.tun_if.sw_if_index)]).add_vpp_config()
+            VppIpRoute(
+                self,
+                p.remote_tun_if_host,
+                32,
+                [VppRoutePath(p.tun_if.remote_hosts[ii].ip4, p.tun_if.sw_if_index)],
+            ).add_vpp_config()
 
             # in this v4 variant add the teibs after the protect
-            p.teib = VppTeib(self, p.tun_if,
-                             p.tun_if.remote_hosts[ii].ip4,
-                             self.pg0.remote_hosts[ii].ip4).add_vpp_config()
+            p.teib = VppTeib(
+                self,
+                p.tun_if,
+                p.tun_if.remote_hosts[ii].ip4,
+                self.pg0.remote_hosts[ii].ip4,
+            ).add_vpp_config()
             p.tun_dst = self.pg0.remote_hosts[ii].ip4
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh ipsec protect-hash"))
 
@@ -1862,30 +2116,33 @@ class TestIpsecMGreIfEspTra4(TemplateIpsec, IpsecTun4):
 
 
 class TestIpsecMGreIfEspTra6(TemplateIpsec, IpsecTun6):
-    """ Ipsec mGRE ESP v6 TRA tests """
+    """Ipsec mGRE ESP v6 TRA tests"""
+
     tun6_encrypt_node_name = "esp6-encrypt-tun"
     tun6_decrypt_node_name = ["esp6-decrypt-tun", "esp6-decrypt-tun-post"]
     encryption_type = ESP
 
-    def gen_encrypt_pkts6(self, p, sa, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1,
-                          payload_size=100):
-        return [Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac) /
-                sa.encrypt(IPv6(src=p.tun_dst,
-                                dst=self.pg0.local_ip6) /
-                           GRE() /
-                           IPv6(src=self.pg1.local_ip6,
-                                dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6) /
-                           UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233) /
-                           Raw(b'X' * payload_size))
-                for i in range(count)]
+    def gen_encrypt_pkts6(self, p, sa, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=100):
+        return [
+            Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac)
+            / sa.encrypt(
+                IPv6(src=p.tun_dst, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6)
+                / GRE()
+                / IPv6(src=self.pg1.local_ip6, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6)
+                / UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233)
+                / Raw(b"X" * payload_size)
+            )
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
-    def gen_pkts6(self, p, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1,
-                  payload_size=100):
-        return [Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac) /
-                IPv6(src="1::1", dst=dst) /
-                UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233) /
-                Raw(b'X' * payload_size)
-                for i in range(count)]
+    def gen_pkts6(self, p, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=100):
+        return [
+            Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src="1::1", dst=dst)
+            / UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233)
+            / Raw(b"X" * payload_size)
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
     def verify_decrypted6(self, p, rxs):
         for rx in rxs:
@@ -1918,11 +2175,12 @@ class TestIpsecMGreIfEspTra6(TemplateIpsec, IpsecTun6):
         N_NHS = 16
         self.tun_if = self.pg0
         p = self.ipv6_params
-        p.tun_if = VppGreInterface(self,
-                                   self.pg0.local_ip6,
-                                   "::",
-                                   mode=(VppEnum.vl_api_tunnel_mode_t.
-                                         TUNNEL_API_MODE_MP))
+        p.tun_if = VppGreInterface(
+            self,
+            self.pg0.local_ip6,
+            "::",
+            mode=(VppEnum.vl_api_tunnel_mode_t.TUNNEL_API_MODE_MP),
+        )
         p.tun_if.add_vpp_config()
         p.tun_if.admin_up()
         p.tun_if.config_ip6()
@@ -1946,37 +2204,53 @@ class TestIpsecMGreIfEspTra6(TemplateIpsec, IpsecTun6):
             p.scapy_tra_spi = p.scapy_tra_spi + ii
             p.vpp_tra_sa_id = p.vpp_tra_sa_id + ii
             p.vpp_tra_spi = p.vpp_tra_spi + ii
-            p.tun_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(self, p.scapy_tun_sa_id, p.scapy_tun_spi,
-                                      p.auth_algo_vpp_id, p.auth_key,
-                                      p.crypt_algo_vpp_id, p.crypt_key,
-                                      self.vpp_esp_protocol)
+            p.tun_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(
+                self,
+                p.scapy_tun_sa_id,
+                p.scapy_tun_spi,
+                p.auth_algo_vpp_id,
+                p.auth_key,
+                p.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+                p.crypt_key,
+                self.vpp_esp_protocol,
+            )
             p.tun_sa_out.add_vpp_config()
 
-            p.tun_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(self, p.vpp_tun_sa_id, p.vpp_tun_spi,
-                                     p.auth_algo_vpp_id, p.auth_key,
-                                     p.crypt_algo_vpp_id, p.crypt_key,
-                                     self.vpp_esp_protocol)
+            p.tun_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(
+                self,
+                p.vpp_tun_sa_id,
+                p.vpp_tun_spi,
+                p.auth_algo_vpp_id,
+                p.auth_key,
+                p.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+                p.crypt_key,
+                self.vpp_esp_protocol,
+            )
             p.tun_sa_in.add_vpp_config()
 
             # in this v6 variant add the teibs first then the protection
             p.tun_dst = self.pg0.remote_hosts[ii].ip6
-            VppTeib(self, p.tun_if,
-                    p.tun_if.remote_hosts[ii].ip6,
-                    p.tun_dst).add_vpp_config()
+            VppTeib(
+                self, p.tun_if, p.tun_if.remote_hosts[ii].ip6, p.tun_dst
+            ).add_vpp_config()
 
             p.tun_protect = VppIpsecTunProtect(
                 self,
                 p.tun_if,
                 p.tun_sa_out,
                 [p.tun_sa_in],
-                nh=p.tun_if.remote_hosts[ii].ip6)
+                nh=p.tun_if.remote_hosts[ii].ip6,
+            )
             p.tun_protect.add_vpp_config()
             config_tra_params(p, self.encryption_type, p.tun_if)
             self.multi_params.append(p)
 
-            VppIpRoute(self, p.remote_tun_if_host, 128,
-                       [VppRoutePath(p.tun_if.remote_hosts[ii].ip6,
-                                     p.tun_if.sw_if_index)]).add_vpp_config()
+            VppIpRoute(
+                self,
+                p.remote_tun_if_host,
+                128,
+                [VppRoutePath(p.tun_if.remote_hosts[ii].ip6, p.tun_if.sw_if_index)],
+            ).add_vpp_config()
             p.tun_dst = self.pg0.remote_hosts[ii].ip6
 
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh log"))
@@ -1995,10 +2269,8 @@ class TestIpsecMGreIfEspTra6(TemplateIpsec, IpsecTun6):
 
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
-class TestIpsec4TunProtect(TemplateIpsec,
-                           TemplateIpsec4TunProtect,
-                           IpsecTun4):
-    """ IPsec IPv4 Tunnel protect - transport mode"""
+class TestIpsec4TunProtect(TemplateIpsec, TemplateIpsec4TunProtect, IpsecTun4):
+    """IPsec IPv4 Tunnel protect - transport mode"""
 
     def setUp(self):
         super(TestIpsec4TunProtect, self).setUp()
@@ -2028,7 +2300,7 @@ class TestIpsec4TunProtect(TemplateIpsec,
 
         # rekey - create new SAs and update the tunnel protection
         np = copy.copy(p)
-        np.crypt_key = b'X' + p.crypt_key[1:]
+        np.crypt_key = b"X" + p.crypt_key[1:]
         np.scapy_tun_spi += 100
         np.scapy_tun_sa_id += 1
         np.vpp_tun_spi += 100
@@ -2051,10 +2323,8 @@ class TestIpsec4TunProtect(TemplateIpsec,
 
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
-class TestIpsec4TunProtectUdp(TemplateIpsec,
-                              TemplateIpsec4TunProtect,
-                              IpsecTun4):
-    """ IPsec IPv4 Tunnel protect - transport mode"""
+class TestIpsec4TunProtectUdp(TemplateIpsec, TemplateIpsec4TunProtect, IpsecTun4):
+    """IPsec IPv4 Tunnel protect - transport mode"""
 
     def setUp(self):
         super(TestIpsec4TunProtectUdp, self).setUp()
@@ -2062,8 +2332,7 @@ class TestIpsec4TunProtectUdp(TemplateIpsec,
         self.tun_if = self.pg0
 
         p = self.ipv4_params
-        p.flags = (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_sad_flags_t.
-                   IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_UDP_ENCAP)
+        p.flags = VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_sad_flags_t.IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_UDP_ENCAP
         p.nat_header = UDP(sport=4500, dport=4500)
         self.config_network(p)
         self.config_sa_tra(p)
@@ -2093,15 +2362,13 @@ class TestIpsec4TunProtectUdp(TemplateIpsec,
         self.assertEqual(p.tun_if.get_tx_stats(), 127)
 
     def test_keepalive(self):
-        """ IPSEC NAT Keepalive """
+        """IPSEC NAT Keepalive"""
         self.verify_keepalive(self.ipv4_params)
 
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
-class TestIpsec4TunProtectTun(TemplateIpsec,
-                              TemplateIpsec4TunProtect,
-                              IpsecTun4):
-    """ IPsec IPv4 Tunnel protect - tunnel mode"""
+class TestIpsec4TunProtectTun(TemplateIpsec, TemplateIpsec4TunProtect, IpsecTun4):
+    """IPsec IPv4 Tunnel protect - tunnel mode"""
 
     encryption_type = ESP
     tun4_encrypt_node_name = "esp4-encrypt-tun"
@@ -2115,23 +2382,26 @@ class TestIpsec4TunProtectTun(TemplateIpsec,
     def tearDown(self):
         super(TestIpsec4TunProtectTun, self).tearDown()
 
-    def gen_encrypt_pkts(self, p, sa, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1,
-                         payload_size=100):
-        return [Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac) /
-                sa.encrypt(IP(src=sw_intf.remote_ip4,
-                              dst=sw_intf.local_ip4) /
-                           IP(src=src, dst=dst) /
-                           UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233) /
-                           Raw(b'X' * payload_size))
-                for i in range(count)]
+    def gen_encrypt_pkts(self, p, sa, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=100):
+        return [
+            Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac)
+            / sa.encrypt(
+                IP(src=sw_intf.remote_ip4, dst=sw_intf.local_ip4)
+                / IP(src=src, dst=dst)
+                / UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233)
+                / Raw(b"X" * payload_size)
+            )
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
-    def gen_pkts(self, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1,
-                 payload_size=100):
-        return [Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac) /
-                IP(src=src, dst=dst) /
-                UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233) /
-                Raw(b'X' * payload_size)
-                for i in range(count)]
+    def gen_pkts(self, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=100):
+        return [
+            Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=src, dst=dst)
+            / UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233)
+            / Raw(b"X" * payload_size)
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
     def verify_decrypted(self, p, rxs):
         for rx in rxs:
@@ -2160,7 +2430,7 @@ class TestIpsec4TunProtectTun(TemplateIpsec,
                 raise
 
     def test_tun_44(self):
-        """IPSEC tunnel protect """
+        """IPSEC tunnel protect"""
 
         p = self.ipv4_params
 
@@ -2170,10 +2440,7 @@ class TestIpsec4TunProtectTun(TemplateIpsec,
 
         # also add an output features on the tunnel and physical interface
         # so we test they still work
-        r_all = AclRule(True,
-                        src_prefix="0.0.0.0/0",
-                        dst_prefix="0.0.0.0/0",
-                        proto=0)
+        r_all = AclRule(True, src_prefix="0.0.0.0/0", dst_prefix="0.0.0.0/0", proto=0)
         a = VppAcl(self, [r_all]).add_vpp_config()
 
         VppAclInterface(self, self.pg0.sw_if_index, [a]).add_vpp_config()
@@ -2186,7 +2453,7 @@ class TestIpsec4TunProtectTun(TemplateIpsec,
 
         # rekey - create new SAs and update the tunnel protection
         np = copy.copy(p)
-        np.crypt_key = b'X' + p.crypt_key[1:]
+        np.crypt_key = b"X" + p.crypt_key[1:]
         np.scapy_tun_spi += 100
         np.scapy_tun_sa_id += 1
         np.vpp_tun_spi += 100
@@ -2208,10 +2475,8 @@ class TestIpsec4TunProtectTun(TemplateIpsec,
         self.unconfig_network(p)
 
 
-class TestIpsec4TunProtectTunDrop(TemplateIpsec,
-                                  TemplateIpsec4TunProtect,
-                                  IpsecTun4):
-    """ IPsec IPv4 Tunnel protect - tunnel mode - drop"""
+class TestIpsec4TunProtectTunDrop(TemplateIpsec, TemplateIpsec4TunProtect, IpsecTun4):
+    """IPsec IPv4 Tunnel protect - tunnel mode - drop"""
 
     encryption_type = ESP
     tun4_encrypt_node_name = "esp4-encrypt-tun"
@@ -2225,18 +2490,20 @@ class TestIpsec4TunProtectTunDrop(TemplateIpsec,
     def tearDown(self):
         super(TestIpsec4TunProtectTunDrop, self).tearDown()
 
-    def gen_encrypt_pkts(self, p, sa, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1,
-                         payload_size=100):
-        return [Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac) /
-                sa.encrypt(IP(src=sw_intf.remote_ip4,
-                              dst="5.5.5.5") /
-                           IP(src=src, dst=dst) /
-                           UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233) /
-                           Raw(b'X' * payload_size))
-                for i in range(count)]
+    def gen_encrypt_pkts(self, p, sa, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=100):
+        return [
+            Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac)
+            / sa.encrypt(
+                IP(src=sw_intf.remote_ip4, dst="5.5.5.5")
+                / IP(src=src, dst=dst)
+                / UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233)
+                / Raw(b"X" * payload_size)
+            )
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
     def test_tun_drop_44(self):
-        """IPSEC tunnel protect bogus tunnel header """
+        """IPSEC tunnel protect bogus tunnel header"""
 
         p = self.ipv4_params
 
@@ -2244,10 +2511,14 @@ class TestIpsec4TunProtectTunDrop(TemplateIpsec,
         self.config_sa_tun(p)
         self.config_protect(p)
 
-        tx = self.gen_encrypt_pkts(p, p.scapy_tun_sa, self.tun_if,
-                                   src=p.remote_tun_if_host,
-                                   dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                   count=63)
+        tx = self.gen_encrypt_pkts(
+            p,
+            p.scapy_tun_sa,
+            self.tun_if,
+            src=p.remote_tun_if_host,
+            dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+            count=63,
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.tun_if, tx)
 
         # teardown
@@ -2257,10 +2528,8 @@ class TestIpsec4TunProtectTunDrop(TemplateIpsec,
 
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
-class TestIpsec6TunProtect(TemplateIpsec,
-                           TemplateIpsec6TunProtect,
-                           IpsecTun6):
-    """ IPsec IPv6 Tunnel protect - transport mode"""
+class TestIpsec6TunProtect(TemplateIpsec, TemplateIpsec6TunProtect, IpsecTun6):
+    """IPsec IPv6 Tunnel protect - transport mode"""
 
     encryption_type = ESP
     tun6_encrypt_node_name = "esp6-encrypt-tun"
@@ -2289,7 +2558,7 @@ class TestIpsec6TunProtect(TemplateIpsec,
 
         # rekey - create new SAs and update the tunnel protection
         np = copy.copy(p)
-        np.crypt_key = b'X' + p.crypt_key[1:]
+        np.crypt_key = b"X" + p.crypt_key[1:]
         np.scapy_tun_spi += 100
         np.scapy_tun_sa_id += 1
         np.vpp_tun_spi += 100
@@ -2308,8 +2577,9 @@ class TestIpsec6TunProtect(TemplateIpsec,
         # bounce the interface state
         p.tun_if.admin_down()
         self.verify_drop_tun_66(np, count=127)
-        node = ('/err/ipsec6-tun-input/%s' %
-                'ipsec packets received on disabled interface')
+        node = (
+            "/err/ipsec6-tun-input/%s" % "ipsec packets received on disabled interface"
+        )
         self.assertEqual(127, self.statistics.get_err_counter(node))
         p.tun_if.admin_up()
         self.verify_tun_66(np, count=127)
@@ -2319,7 +2589,7 @@ class TestIpsec6TunProtect(TemplateIpsec,
         #  2) swap output SA to [new]
         #  3) use only [new] input SA
         np3 = copy.copy(np)
-        np3.crypt_key = b'Z' + p.crypt_key[1:]
+        np3.crypt_key = b"Z" + p.crypt_key[1:]
         np3.scapy_tun_spi += 100
         np3.scapy_tun_sa_id += 1
         np3.vpp_tun_spi += 100
@@ -2330,25 +2600,22 @@ class TestIpsec6TunProtect(TemplateIpsec,
         self.config_sa_tra(np3)
 
         # step 1;
-        p.tun_protect.update_vpp_config(np.tun_sa_out,
-                                        [np.tun_sa_in, np3.tun_sa_in])
+        p.tun_protect.update_vpp_config(np.tun_sa_out, [np.tun_sa_in, np3.tun_sa_in])
         self.verify_tun_66(np, np, count=127)
         self.verify_tun_66(np3, np, count=127)
 
         # step 2;
-        p.tun_protect.update_vpp_config(np3.tun_sa_out,
-                                        [np.tun_sa_in, np3.tun_sa_in])
+        p.tun_protect.update_vpp_config(np3.tun_sa_out, [np.tun_sa_in, np3.tun_sa_in])
         self.verify_tun_66(np, np3, count=127)
         self.verify_tun_66(np3, np3, count=127)
 
         # step 1;
-        p.tun_protect.update_vpp_config(np3.tun_sa_out,
-                                        [np3.tun_sa_in])
+        p.tun_protect.update_vpp_config(np3.tun_sa_out, [np3.tun_sa_in])
         self.verify_tun_66(np3, np3, count=127)
         self.verify_drop_tun_rx_66(np, count=127)
 
-        self.assertEqual(p.tun_if.get_rx_stats(), 127*9)
-        self.assertEqual(p.tun_if.get_tx_stats(), 127*8)
+        self.assertEqual(p.tun_if.get_rx_stats(), 127 * 9)
+        self.assertEqual(p.tun_if.get_tx_stats(), 127 * 8)
         self.unconfig_sa(np)
 
         # teardown
@@ -2376,10 +2643,8 @@ class TestIpsec6TunProtect(TemplateIpsec,
 
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
-class TestIpsec6TunProtectTun(TemplateIpsec,
-                              TemplateIpsec6TunProtect,
-                              IpsecTun6):
-    """ IPsec IPv6 Tunnel protect - tunnel mode"""
+class TestIpsec6TunProtectTun(TemplateIpsec, TemplateIpsec6TunProtect, IpsecTun6):
+    """IPsec IPv6 Tunnel protect - tunnel mode"""
 
     encryption_type = ESP
     tun6_encrypt_node_name = "esp6-encrypt-tun"
@@ -2393,23 +2658,26 @@ class TestIpsec6TunProtectTun(TemplateIpsec,
     def tearDown(self):
         super(TestIpsec6TunProtectTun, self).tearDown()
 
-    def gen_encrypt_pkts6(self, p, sa, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1,
-                          payload_size=100):
-        return [Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac) /
-                sa.encrypt(IPv6(src=sw_intf.remote_ip6,
-                                dst=sw_intf.local_ip6) /
-                           IPv6(src=src, dst=dst) /
-                           UDP(sport=1166, dport=2233) /
-                           Raw(b'X' * payload_size))
-                for i in range(count)]
+    def gen_encrypt_pkts6(self, p, sa, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=100):
+        return [
+            Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac)
+            / sa.encrypt(
+                IPv6(src=sw_intf.remote_ip6, dst=sw_intf.local_ip6)
+                / IPv6(src=src, dst=dst)
+                / UDP(sport=1166, dport=2233)
+                / Raw(b"X" * payload_size)
+            )
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
-    def gen_pkts6(self, p, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1,
-                  payload_size=100):
-        return [Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac) /
-                IPv6(src=src, dst=dst) /
-                UDP(sport=1166, dport=2233) /
-                Raw(b'X' * payload_size)
-                for i in range(count)]
+    def gen_pkts6(self, p, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=100):
+        return [
+            Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=src, dst=dst)
+            / UDP(sport=1166, dport=2233)
+            / Raw(b"X" * payload_size)
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
     def verify_decrypted6(self, p, rxs):
         for rx in rxs:
@@ -2438,7 +2706,7 @@ class TestIpsec6TunProtectTun(TemplateIpsec,
                 raise
 
     def test_tun_66(self):
-        """IPSEC tunnel protect """
+        """IPSEC tunnel protect"""
 
         p = self.ipv6_params
 
@@ -2453,7 +2721,7 @@ class TestIpsec6TunProtectTun(TemplateIpsec,
 
         # rekey - create new SAs and update the tunnel protection
         np = copy.copy(p)
-        np.crypt_key = b'X' + p.crypt_key[1:]
+        np.crypt_key = b"X" + p.crypt_key[1:]
         np.scapy_tun_spi += 100
         np.scapy_tun_sa_id += 1
         np.vpp_tun_spi += 100
@@ -2475,10 +2743,8 @@ class TestIpsec6TunProtectTun(TemplateIpsec,
         self.unconfig_network(p)
 
 
-class TestIpsec6TunProtectTunDrop(TemplateIpsec,
-                                  TemplateIpsec6TunProtect,
-                                  IpsecTun6):
-    """ IPsec IPv6 Tunnel protect - tunnel mode - drop"""
+class TestIpsec6TunProtectTunDrop(TemplateIpsec, TemplateIpsec6TunProtect, IpsecTun6):
+    """IPsec IPv6 Tunnel protect - tunnel mode - drop"""
 
     encryption_type = ESP
     tun6_encrypt_node_name = "esp6-encrypt-tun"
@@ -2492,20 +2758,22 @@ class TestIpsec6TunProtectTunDrop(TemplateIpsec,
     def tearDown(self):
         super(TestIpsec6TunProtectTunDrop, self).tearDown()
 
-    def gen_encrypt_pkts6(self, p, sa, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1,
-                          payload_size=100):
+    def gen_encrypt_pkts6(self, p, sa, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=100):
         # the IP destination of the revelaed packet does not match
         # that assigned to the tunnel
-        return [Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac) /
-                sa.encrypt(IPv6(src=sw_intf.remote_ip6,
-                                dst="5::5") /
-                           IPv6(src=src, dst=dst) /
-                           UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233) /
-                           Raw(b'X' * payload_size))
-                for i in range(count)]
+        return [
+            Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac)
+            / sa.encrypt(
+                IPv6(src=sw_intf.remote_ip6, dst="5::5")
+                / IPv6(src=src, dst=dst)
+                / UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233)
+                / Raw(b"X" * payload_size)
+            )
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
     def test_tun_drop_66(self):
-        """IPSEC 6 tunnel protect bogus tunnel header """
+        """IPSEC 6 tunnel protect bogus tunnel header"""
 
         p = self.ipv6_params
 
@@ -2513,10 +2781,14 @@ class TestIpsec6TunProtectTunDrop(TemplateIpsec,
         self.config_sa_tun(p)
         self.config_protect(p)
 
-        tx = self.gen_encrypt_pkts6(p, p.scapy_tun_sa, self.tun_if,
-                                    src=p.remote_tun_if_host,
-                                    dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                                    count=63)
+        tx = self.gen_encrypt_pkts6(
+            p,
+            p.scapy_tun_sa,
+            self.tun_if,
+            src=p.remote_tun_if_host,
+            dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
+            count=63,
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.tun_if, tx)
 
         self.unconfig_protect(p)
@@ -2525,7 +2797,7 @@ class TestIpsec6TunProtectTunDrop(TemplateIpsec,
 
 
 class TemplateIpsecItf4(object):
-    """ IPsec Interface IPv4 """
+    """IPsec Interface IPv4"""
 
     encryption_type = ESP
     tun4_encrypt_node_name = "esp4-encrypt-tun"
@@ -2535,30 +2807,41 @@ class TemplateIpsecItf4(object):
     def config_sa_tun(self, p, src, dst):
         config_tun_params(p, self.encryption_type, None, src, dst)
 
-        p.tun_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(self, p.scapy_tun_sa_id, p.scapy_tun_spi,
-                                  p.auth_algo_vpp_id, p.auth_key,
-                                  p.crypt_algo_vpp_id, p.crypt_key,
-                                  self.vpp_esp_protocol,
-                                  src, dst,
-                                  flags=p.flags)
+        p.tun_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            p.scapy_tun_sa_id,
+            p.scapy_tun_spi,
+            p.auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.auth_key,
+            p.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.crypt_key,
+            self.vpp_esp_protocol,
+            src,
+            dst,
+            flags=p.flags,
+        )
         p.tun_sa_out.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p.tun_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(self, p.vpp_tun_sa_id, p.vpp_tun_spi,
-                                 p.auth_algo_vpp_id, p.auth_key,
-                                 p.crypt_algo_vpp_id, p.crypt_key,
-                                 self.vpp_esp_protocol,
-                                 dst, src,
-                                 flags=p.flags)
+        p.tun_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            p.vpp_tun_sa_id,
+            p.vpp_tun_spi,
+            p.auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.auth_key,
+            p.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.crypt_key,
+            self.vpp_esp_protocol,
+            dst,
+            src,
+            flags=p.flags,
+        )
         p.tun_sa_in.add_vpp_config()
 
     def config_protect(self, p):
-        p.tun_protect = VppIpsecTunProtect(self,
-                                           p.tun_if,
-                                           p.tun_sa_out,
-                                           [p.tun_sa_in])
+        p.tun_protect = VppIpsecTunProtect(self, p.tun_if, p.tun_sa_out, [p.tun_sa_in])
         p.tun_protect.add_vpp_config()
 
-    def config_network(self, p, instance=0xffffffff):
+    def config_network(self, p, instance=0xFFFFFFFF):
         p.tun_if = VppIpsecInterface(self, instance=instance)
 
         p.tun_if.add_vpp_config()
@@ -2566,14 +2849,23 @@ class TemplateIpsecItf4(object):
         p.tun_if.config_ip4()
         p.tun_if.config_ip6()
 
-        p.route = VppIpRoute(self, p.remote_tun_if_host, 32,
-                             [VppRoutePath(p.tun_if.remote_ip4,
-                                           0xffffffff)])
+        p.route = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            p.remote_tun_if_host,
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath(p.tun_if.remote_ip4, 0xFFFFFFFF)],
+        )
         p.route.add_vpp_config()
-        r = VppIpRoute(self, p.remote_tun_if_host6, 128,
-                       [VppRoutePath(p.tun_if.remote_ip6,
-                                     0xffffffff,
-                                     proto=DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_IP6)])
+        r = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            p.remote_tun_if_host6,
+            128,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    p.tun_if.remote_ip6, 0xFFFFFFFF, proto=DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_IP6
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         r.add_vpp_config()
 
     def unconfig_network(self, p):
@@ -2589,10 +2881,8 @@ class TemplateIpsecItf4(object):
 
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
-class TestIpsecItf4(TemplateIpsec,
-                    TemplateIpsecItf4,
-                    IpsecTun4):
-    """ IPsec Interface IPv4 """
+class TestIpsecItf4(TemplateIpsec, TemplateIpsecItf4, IpsecTun4):
+    """IPsec Interface IPv4"""
 
     def setUp(self):
         super(TestIpsecItf4, self).setUp()
@@ -2621,13 +2911,11 @@ class TestIpsecItf4(TemplateIpsec,
         p = self.ipv4_params
 
         self.config_network(p)
-        config_tun_params(p, self.encryption_type, None,
-                          self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                          self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        config_tun_params(
+            p, self.encryption_type, None, self.pg0.local_ip4, self.pg0.remote_ip4
+        )
         self.verify_tun_dropped_44(p, count=n_pkts)
-        self.config_sa_tun(p,
-                           self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                           self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        self.config_sa_tun(p, self.pg0.local_ip4, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
         self.config_protect(p)
 
         self.verify_tun_44(p, count=n_pkts)
@@ -2639,15 +2927,15 @@ class TestIpsecItf4(TemplateIpsec,
         p.tun_if.admin_up()
         self.verify_tun_44(p, count=n_pkts)
 
-        self.assertEqual(p.tun_if.get_rx_stats(), 3*n_pkts)
-        self.assertEqual(p.tun_if.get_tx_stats(), 2*n_pkts)
+        self.assertEqual(p.tun_if.get_rx_stats(), 3 * n_pkts)
+        self.assertEqual(p.tun_if.get_tx_stats(), 2 * n_pkts)
 
         # it's a v6 packet when its encrypted
         self.tun4_encrypt_node_name = "esp6-encrypt-tun"
 
         self.verify_tun_64(p, count=n_pkts)
-        self.assertEqual(p.tun_if.get_rx_stats(), 4*n_pkts)
-        self.assertEqual(p.tun_if.get_tx_stats(), 3*n_pkts)
+        self.assertEqual(p.tun_if.get_rx_stats(), 4 * n_pkts)
+        self.assertEqual(p.tun_if.get_tx_stats(), 3 * n_pkts)
 
         self.tun4_encrypt_node_name = "esp4-encrypt-tun"
 
@@ -2655,7 +2943,7 @@ class TestIpsecItf4(TemplateIpsec,
 
         # rekey - create new SAs and update the tunnel protection
         np = copy.copy(p)
-        np.crypt_key = b'X' + p.crypt_key[1:]
+        np.crypt_key = b"X" + p.crypt_key[1:]
         np.scapy_tun_spi += 100
         np.scapy_tun_sa_id += 1
         np.vpp_tun_spi += 100
@@ -2663,9 +2951,7 @@ class TestIpsecItf4(TemplateIpsec,
         np.tun_if.local_spi = p.vpp_tun_spi
         np.tun_if.remote_spi = p.scapy_tun_spi
 
-        self.config_sa_tun(np,
-                           self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                           self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        self.config_sa_tun(np, self.pg0.local_ip4, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
         self.config_protect(np)
         self.unconfig_sa(p)
 
@@ -2684,17 +2970,15 @@ class TestIpsecItf4(TemplateIpsec,
         n_pkts = 127
         p = copy.copy(self.ipv4_params)
 
-        p.auth_algo_vpp_id = (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.
-                              IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_NONE)
-        p.crypt_algo_vpp_id = (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.
-                               IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_NONE)
+        p.auth_algo_vpp_id = VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_NONE
+        p.crypt_algo_vpp_id = (
+            VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_NONE
+        )
         p.crypt_algo = "NULL"
         p.auth_algo = "NULL"
 
         self.config_network(p)
-        self.config_sa_tun(p,
-                           self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                           self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        self.config_sa_tun(p, self.pg0.local_ip4, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
         self.config_protect(p)
 
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh ipsec sa"))
@@ -2711,18 +2995,23 @@ class TestIpsecItf4(TemplateIpsec,
         p = self.ipv4_params
 
         self.config_network(p)
-        self.config_sa_tun(p,
-                           self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                           self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        self.config_sa_tun(p, self.pg0.local_ip4, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
         self.config_protect(p)
 
         action_tx = PolicerAction(
-            VppEnum.vl_api_sse2_qos_action_type_t.SSE2_QOS_ACTION_API_TRANSMIT,
-            0)
-        policer = VppPolicer(self, "pol1", 80, 0, 1000, 0,
-                             conform_action=action_tx,
-                             exceed_action=action_tx,
-                             violate_action=action_tx)
+            VppEnum.vl_api_sse2_qos_action_type_t.SSE2_QOS_ACTION_API_TRANSMIT, 0
+        )
+        policer = VppPolicer(
+            self,
+            "pol1",
+            80,
+            0,
+            1000,
+            0,
+            conform_action=action_tx,
+            exceed_action=action_tx,
+            violate_action=action_tx,
+        )
         policer.add_vpp_config()
 
         # Start policing on tun
@@ -2735,9 +3024,9 @@ class TestIpsecItf4(TemplateIpsec,
         stats = policer.get_stats()
 
         # Single rate, 2 colour policer - expect conform, violate but no exceed
-        self.assertGreater(stats['conform_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertEqual(stats['exceed_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertGreater(stats['violate_packets'], 0)
+        self.assertGreater(stats["conform_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertEqual(stats["exceed_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertGreater(stats["violate_packets"], 0)
 
         # Stop policing on tun
         policer.apply_vpp_config(p.tun_if.sw_if_index, Dir.RX, False)
@@ -2754,10 +3043,8 @@ class TestIpsecItf4(TemplateIpsec,
         self.unconfig_network(p)
 
 
-class TestIpsecItf4MPLS(TemplateIpsec,
-                        TemplateIpsecItf4,
-                        IpsecTun4):
-    """ IPsec Interface MPLSoIPv4 """
+class TestIpsecItf4MPLS(TemplateIpsec, TemplateIpsecItf4, IpsecTun4):
+    """IPsec Interface MPLSoIPv4"""
 
     tun4_encrypt_node_name = "esp-mpls-encrypt-tun"
 
@@ -2769,14 +3056,17 @@ class TestIpsecItf4MPLS(TemplateIpsec,
     def tearDown(self):
         super(TestIpsecItf4MPLS, self).tearDown()
 
-    def gen_encrypt_pkts(self, p, sa, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1,
-                         payload_size=100):
-        return [Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac) /
-                sa.encrypt(MPLS(label=44, ttl=3) /
-                           IP(src=src, dst=dst) /
-                           UDP(sport=1166, dport=2233) /
-                           Raw(b'X' * payload_size))
-                for i in range(count)]
+    def gen_encrypt_pkts(self, p, sa, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=100):
+        return [
+            Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac)
+            / sa.encrypt(
+                MPLS(label=44, ttl=3)
+                / IP(src=src, dst=dst)
+                / UDP(sport=1166, dport=2233)
+                / Raw(b"X" * payload_size)
+            )
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
     def verify_encrypted(self, p, sa, rxs):
         for rx in rxs:
@@ -2807,18 +3097,19 @@ class TestIpsecItf4MPLS(TemplateIpsec,
 
         self.config_network(p)
         # deag MPLS routes from the tunnel
-        r4 = VppMplsRoute(self, 44, 1,
-                          [VppRoutePath(
-                              self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                              self.pg1.sw_if_index)]).add_vpp_config()
-        p.route.modify([VppRoutePath(p.tun_if.remote_ip4,
-                                     p.tun_if.sw_if_index,
-                                     labels=[VppMplsLabel(44)])])
+        r4 = VppMplsRoute(
+            self, 44, 1, [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4, self.pg1.sw_if_index)]
+        ).add_vpp_config()
+        p.route.modify(
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    p.tun_if.remote_ip4, p.tun_if.sw_if_index, labels=[VppMplsLabel(44)]
+                )
+            ]
+        )
         p.tun_if.enable_mpls()
 
-        self.config_sa_tun(p,
-                           self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                           self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        self.config_sa_tun(p, self.pg0.local_ip4, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
         self.config_protect(p)
 
         self.verify_tun_44(p, count=n_pkts)
@@ -2831,7 +3122,7 @@ class TestIpsecItf4MPLS(TemplateIpsec,
 
 
 class TemplateIpsecItf6(object):
-    """ IPsec Interface IPv6 """
+    """IPsec Interface IPv6"""
 
     encryption_type = ESP
     tun6_encrypt_node_name = "esp6-encrypt-tun"
@@ -2841,34 +3132,45 @@ class TemplateIpsecItf6(object):
     def config_sa_tun(self, p, src, dst):
         config_tun_params(p, self.encryption_type, None, src, dst)
 
-        if not hasattr(p, 'tun_flags'):
+        if not hasattr(p, "tun_flags"):
             p.tun_flags = None
-        if not hasattr(p, 'hop_limit'):
+        if not hasattr(p, "hop_limit"):
             p.hop_limit = 255
 
-        p.tun_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(self, p.scapy_tun_sa_id, p.scapy_tun_spi,
-                                  p.auth_algo_vpp_id, p.auth_key,
-                                  p.crypt_algo_vpp_id, p.crypt_key,
-                                  self.vpp_esp_protocol,
-                                  src, dst,
-                                  flags=p.flags,
-                                  tun_flags=p.tun_flags,
-                                  hop_limit=p.hop_limit)
+        p.tun_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            p.scapy_tun_sa_id,
+            p.scapy_tun_spi,
+            p.auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.auth_key,
+            p.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.crypt_key,
+            self.vpp_esp_protocol,
+            src,
+            dst,
+            flags=p.flags,
+            tun_flags=p.tun_flags,
+            hop_limit=p.hop_limit,
+        )
         p.tun_sa_out.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p.tun_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(self, p.vpp_tun_sa_id, p.vpp_tun_spi,
-                                 p.auth_algo_vpp_id, p.auth_key,
-                                 p.crypt_algo_vpp_id, p.crypt_key,
-                                 self.vpp_esp_protocol,
-                                 dst, src,
-                                 flags=p.flags)
+        p.tun_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            p.vpp_tun_sa_id,
+            p.vpp_tun_spi,
+            p.auth_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.auth_key,
+            p.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+            p.crypt_key,
+            self.vpp_esp_protocol,
+            dst,
+            src,
+            flags=p.flags,
+        )
         p.tun_sa_in.add_vpp_config()
 
     def config_protect(self, p):
-        p.tun_protect = VppIpsecTunProtect(self,
-                                           p.tun_if,
-                                           p.tun_sa_out,
-                                           [p.tun_sa_in])
+        p.tun_protect = VppIpsecTunProtect(self, p.tun_if, p.tun_sa_out, [p.tun_sa_in])
         p.tun_protect.add_vpp_config()
 
     def config_network(self, p):
@@ -2879,15 +3181,24 @@ class TemplateIpsecItf6(object):
         p.tun_if.config_ip4()
         p.tun_if.config_ip6()
 
-        r = VppIpRoute(self, p.remote_tun_if_host4, 32,
-                       [VppRoutePath(p.tun_if.remote_ip4,
-                                     0xffffffff)])
+        r = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            p.remote_tun_if_host4,
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath(p.tun_if.remote_ip4, 0xFFFFFFFF)],
+        )
         r.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p.route = VppIpRoute(self, p.remote_tun_if_host, 128,
-                             [VppRoutePath(p.tun_if.remote_ip6,
-                                           0xffffffff,
-                                           proto=DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_IP6)])
+        p.route = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            p.remote_tun_if_host,
+            128,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    p.tun_if.remote_ip6, 0xFFFFFFFF, proto=DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_IP6
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         p.route.add_vpp_config()
 
     def unconfig_network(self, p):
@@ -2903,10 +3214,8 @@ class TemplateIpsecItf6(object):
 
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
-class TestIpsecItf6(TemplateIpsec,
-                    TemplateIpsecItf6,
-                    IpsecTun6):
-    """ IPsec Interface IPv6 """
+class TestIpsecItf6(TemplateIpsec, TemplateIpsecItf6, IpsecTun6):
+    """IPsec Interface IPv6"""
 
     def setUp(self):
         super(TestIpsecItf6, self).setUp()
@@ -2928,13 +3237,11 @@ class TestIpsecItf6(TemplateIpsec,
         p.tun_flags = tf.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_COPY_HOP_LIMIT
 
         self.config_network(p)
-        config_tun_params(p, self.encryption_type, None,
-                          self.pg0.local_ip6,
-                          self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+        config_tun_params(
+            p, self.encryption_type, None, self.pg0.local_ip6, self.pg0.remote_ip6
+        )
         self.verify_drop_tun_66(p, count=n_pkts)
-        self.config_sa_tun(p,
-                           self.pg0.local_ip6,
-                           self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+        self.config_sa_tun(p, self.pg0.local_ip6, self.pg0.remote_ip6)
         self.config_protect(p)
 
         self.verify_tun_66(p, count=n_pkts)
@@ -2946,15 +3253,15 @@ class TestIpsecItf6(TemplateIpsec,
         p.tun_if.admin_up()
         self.verify_tun_66(p, count=n_pkts)
 
-        self.assertEqual(p.tun_if.get_rx_stats(), 3*n_pkts)
-        self.assertEqual(p.tun_if.get_tx_stats(), 2*n_pkts)
+        self.assertEqual(p.tun_if.get_rx_stats(), 3 * n_pkts)
+        self.assertEqual(p.tun_if.get_tx_stats(), 2 * n_pkts)
 
         # it's a v4 packet when its encrypted
         self.tun6_encrypt_node_name = "esp4-encrypt-tun"
 
         self.verify_tun_46(p, count=n_pkts)
-        self.assertEqual(p.tun_if.get_rx_stats(), 4*n_pkts)
-        self.assertEqual(p.tun_if.get_tx_stats(), 3*n_pkts)
+        self.assertEqual(p.tun_if.get_rx_stats(), 4 * n_pkts)
+        self.assertEqual(p.tun_if.get_tx_stats(), 3 * n_pkts)
 
         self.tun6_encrypt_node_name = "esp6-encrypt-tun"
 
@@ -2962,7 +3269,7 @@ class TestIpsecItf6(TemplateIpsec,
 
         # rekey - create new SAs and update the tunnel protection
         np = copy.copy(p)
-        np.crypt_key = b'X' + p.crypt_key[1:]
+        np.crypt_key = b"X" + p.crypt_key[1:]
         np.scapy_tun_spi += 100
         np.scapy_tun_sa_id += 1
         np.vpp_tun_spi += 100
@@ -2971,14 +3278,12 @@ class TestIpsecItf6(TemplateIpsec,
         np.tun_if.remote_spi = p.scapy_tun_spi
         np.inner_hop_limit = 24
         np.outer_hop_limit = 128
-        np.inner_flow_label = 0xabcde
-        np.outer_flow_label = 0xabcde
+        np.inner_flow_label = 0xABCDE
+        np.outer_flow_label = 0xABCDE
         np.hop_limit = 128
         np.tun_flags = tf.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_COPY_FLOW_LABEL
 
-        self.config_sa_tun(np,
-                           self.pg0.local_ip6,
-                           self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+        self.config_sa_tun(np, self.pg0.local_ip6, self.pg0.remote_ip6)
         self.config_protect(np)
         self.unconfig_sa(p)
 
@@ -3002,18 +3307,23 @@ class TestIpsecItf6(TemplateIpsec,
         p.tun_flags = tf.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_ENCAP_COPY_HOP_LIMIT
 
         self.config_network(p)
-        self.config_sa_tun(p,
-                           self.pg0.local_ip6,
-                           self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+        self.config_sa_tun(p, self.pg0.local_ip6, self.pg0.remote_ip6)
         self.config_protect(p)
 
         action_tx = PolicerAction(
-            VppEnum.vl_api_sse2_qos_action_type_t.SSE2_QOS_ACTION_API_TRANSMIT,
-            0)
-        policer = VppPolicer(self, "pol1", 80, 0, 1000, 0,
-                             conform_action=action_tx,
-                             exceed_action=action_tx,
-                             violate_action=action_tx)
+            VppEnum.vl_api_sse2_qos_action_type_t.SSE2_QOS_ACTION_API_TRANSMIT, 0
+        )
+        policer = VppPolicer(
+            self,
+            "pol1",
+            80,
+            0,
+            1000,
+            0,
+            conform_action=action_tx,
+            exceed_action=action_tx,
+            violate_action=action_tx,
+        )
         policer.add_vpp_config()
 
         # Start policing on tun
@@ -3026,9 +3336,9 @@ class TestIpsecItf6(TemplateIpsec,
         stats = policer.get_stats()
 
         # Single rate, 2 colour policer - expect conform, violate but no exceed
-        self.assertGreater(stats['conform_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertEqual(stats['exceed_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertGreater(stats['violate_packets'], 0)
+        self.assertGreater(stats["conform_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertEqual(stats["exceed_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertGreater(stats["violate_packets"], 0)
 
         # Stop policing on tun
         policer.apply_vpp_config(p.tun_if.sw_if_index, Dir.RX, False)
@@ -3046,27 +3356,31 @@ class TestIpsecItf6(TemplateIpsec,
 
 
 class TestIpsecMIfEsp4(TemplateIpsec, IpsecTun4):
-    """ Ipsec P2MP ESP v4 tests """
+    """Ipsec P2MP ESP v4 tests"""
+
     tun4_encrypt_node_name = "esp4-encrypt-tun"
     tun4_decrypt_node_name = ["esp4-decrypt-tun", "esp4-decrypt-tun-post"]
     encryption_type = ESP
 
-    def gen_encrypt_pkts(self, p, sa, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1,
-                         payload_size=100):
-        return [Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac) /
-                sa.encrypt(IP(src=self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                              dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-                           UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233) /
-                           Raw(b'X' * payload_size))
-                for i in range(count)]
+    def gen_encrypt_pkts(self, p, sa, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=100):
+        return [
+            Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac)
+            / sa.encrypt(
+                IP(src=self.pg1.local_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233)
+                / Raw(b"X" * payload_size)
+            )
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
-    def gen_pkts(self, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1,
-                 payload_size=100):
-        return [Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac) /
-                IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst=dst) /
-                UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233) /
-                Raw(b'X' * payload_size)
-                for i in range(count)]
+    def gen_pkts(self, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=100):
+        return [
+            Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac)
+            / IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst=dst)
+            / UDP(sport=1144, dport=2233)
+            / Raw(b"X" * payload_size)
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
     def verify_decrypted(self, p, rxs):
         for rx in rxs:
@@ -3076,8 +3390,9 @@ class TestIpsecMIfEsp4(TemplateIpsec, IpsecTun4):
     def verify_encrypted(self, p, sa, rxs):
         for rx in rxs:
             try:
-                self.assertEqual(rx[IP].tos,
-                                 VppEnum.vl_api_ip_dscp_t.IP_API_DSCP_EF << 2)
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    rx[IP].tos, VppEnum.vl_api_ip_dscp_t.IP_API_DSCP_EF << 2
+                )
                 self.assertEqual(rx[IP].ttl, p.hop_limit)
                 pkt = sa.decrypt(rx[IP])
                 if not pkt.haslayer(IP):
@@ -3099,9 +3414,9 @@ class TestIpsecMIfEsp4(TemplateIpsec, IpsecTun4):
         N_NHS = 16
         self.tun_if = self.pg0
         p = self.ipv4_params
-        p.tun_if = VppIpsecInterface(self,
-                                     mode=(VppEnum.vl_api_tunnel_mode_t.
-                                           TUNNEL_API_MODE_MP))
+        p.tun_if = VppIpsecInterface(
+            self, mode=(VppEnum.vl_api_tunnel_mode_t.TUNNEL_API_MODE_MP)
+        )
         p.tun_if.add_vpp_config()
         p.tun_if.admin_up()
         p.tun_if.config_ip4()
@@ -3111,10 +3426,7 @@ class TestIpsecMIfEsp4(TemplateIpsec, IpsecTun4):
         self.pg0.generate_remote_hosts(N_NHS)
         self.pg0.configure_ipv4_neighbors()
 
-        r_all = AclRule(True,
-                        src_prefix="0.0.0.0/0",
-                        dst_prefix="0.0.0.0/0",
-                        proto=0)
+        r_all = AclRule(True, src_prefix="0.0.0.0/0", dst_prefix="0.0.0.0/0", proto=0)
         a = VppAcl(self, [r_all]).add_vpp_config()
 
         VppAclInterface(self, self.pg0.sw_if_index, [a]).add_vpp_config()
@@ -3136,27 +3448,37 @@ class TestIpsecMIfEsp4(TemplateIpsec, IpsecTun4):
             p.scapy_tra_spi = p.scapy_tra_spi + ii
             p.vpp_tra_sa_id = p.vpp_tra_sa_id + ii
             p.vpp_tra_spi = p.vpp_tra_spi + ii
-            p.hop_limit = ii+10
+            p.hop_limit = ii + 10
             p.tun_sa_out = VppIpsecSA(
-                self, p.scapy_tun_sa_id, p.scapy_tun_spi,
-                p.auth_algo_vpp_id, p.auth_key,
-                p.crypt_algo_vpp_id, p.crypt_key,
+                self,
+                p.scapy_tun_sa_id,
+                p.scapy_tun_spi,
+                p.auth_algo_vpp_id,
+                p.auth_key,
+                p.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+                p.crypt_key,
                 self.vpp_esp_protocol,
                 self.pg0.local_ip4,
                 self.pg0.remote_hosts[ii].ip4,
                 dscp=VppEnum.vl_api_ip_dscp_t.IP_API_DSCP_EF,
-                hop_limit=p.hop_limit)
+                hop_limit=p.hop_limit,
+            )
             p.tun_sa_out.add_vpp_config()
 
             p.tun_sa_in = VppIpsecSA(
-                self, p.vpp_tun_sa_id, p.vpp_tun_spi,
-                p.auth_algo_vpp_id, p.auth_key,
-                p.crypt_algo_vpp_id, p.crypt_key,
+                self,
+                p.vpp_tun_sa_id,
+                p.vpp_tun_spi,
+                p.auth_algo_vpp_id,
+                p.auth_key,
+                p.crypt_algo_vpp_id,
+                p.crypt_key,
                 self.vpp_esp_protocol,
                 self.pg0.remote_hosts[ii].ip4,
                 self.pg0.local_ip4,
                 dscp=VppEnum.vl_api_ip_dscp_t.IP_API_DSCP_EF,
-                hop_limit=p.hop_limit)
+                hop_limit=p.hop_limit,
+            )
             p.tun_sa_in.add_vpp_config()
 
             p.tun_protect = VppIpsecTunProtect(
@@ -3164,17 +3486,24 @@ class TestIpsecMIfEsp4(TemplateIpsec, IpsecTun4):
                 p.tun_if,
                 p.tun_sa_out,
                 [p.tun_sa_in],
-                nh=p.tun_if.remote_hosts[ii].ip4)
+                nh=p.tun_if.remote_hosts[ii].ip4,
+            )
             p.tun_protect.add_vpp_config()
-            config_tun_params(p, self.encryption_type, None,
-                              self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                              self.pg0.remote_hosts[ii].ip4)
+            config_tun_params(
+                p,
+                self.encryption_type,
+                None,
+                self.pg0.local_ip4,
+                self.pg0.remote_hosts[ii].ip4,
+            )
             self.multi_params.append(p)
 
             p.via_tun_route = VppIpRoute(
-                self, p.remote_tun_if_host, 32,
-                [VppRoutePath(p.tun_if.remote_hosts[ii].ip4,
-                              p.tun_if.sw_if_index)]).add_vpp_config()
+                self,
+                p.remote_tun_if_host,
+                32,
+                [VppRoutePath(p.tun_if.remote_hosts[ii].ip4, p.tun_if.sw_if_index)],
+            ).add_vpp_config()
 
             p.tun_dst = self.pg0.remote_hosts[ii].ip4
 
@@ -3205,10 +3534,8 @@ class TestIpsecMIfEsp4(TemplateIpsec, IpsecTun4):
             self.verify_tun_44(p, count=N_PKTS)
 
 
-class TestIpsecItf6MPLS(TemplateIpsec,
-                        TemplateIpsecItf6,
-                        IpsecTun6):
-    """ IPsec Interface MPLSoIPv6 """
+class TestIpsecItf6MPLS(TemplateIpsec, TemplateIpsecItf6, IpsecTun6):
+    """IPsec Interface MPLSoIPv6"""
 
     tun6_encrypt_node_name = "esp-mpls-encrypt-tun"
 
@@ -3220,14 +3547,17 @@ class TestIpsecItf6MPLS(TemplateIpsec,
     def tearDown(self):
         super(TestIpsecItf6MPLS, self).tearDown()
 
-    def gen_encrypt_pkts6(self, p, sa, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1,
-                          payload_size=100):
-        return [Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac) /
-                sa.encrypt(MPLS(label=66, ttl=3) /
-                           IPv6(src=src, dst=dst) /
-                           UDP(sport=1166, dport=2233) /
-                           Raw(b'X' * payload_size))
-                for i in range(count)]
+    def gen_encrypt_pkts6(self, p, sa, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=100):
+        return [
+            Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac)
+            / sa.encrypt(
+                MPLS(label=66, ttl=3)
+                / IPv6(src=src, dst=dst)
+                / UDP(sport=1166, dport=2233)
+                / Raw(b"X" * payload_size)
+            )
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
     def verify_encrypted6(self, p, sa, rxs):
         for rx in rxs:
@@ -3258,19 +3588,23 @@ class TestIpsecItf6MPLS(TemplateIpsec,
 
         self.config_network(p)
         # deag MPLS routes from the tunnel
-        r6 = VppMplsRoute(self, 66, 1,
-                          [VppRoutePath(
-                              self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                              self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
-                          eos_proto=f.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6).add_vpp_config()
-        p.route.modify([VppRoutePath(p.tun_if.remote_ip6,
-                                     p.tun_if.sw_if_index,
-                                     labels=[VppMplsLabel(66)])])
+        r6 = VppMplsRoute(
+            self,
+            66,
+            1,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6, self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+            eos_proto=f.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6,
+        ).add_vpp_config()
+        p.route.modify(
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    p.tun_if.remote_ip6, p.tun_if.sw_if_index, labels=[VppMplsLabel(66)]
+                )
+            ]
+        )
         p.tun_if.enable_mpls()
 
-        self.config_sa_tun(p,
-                           self.pg0.local_ip6,
-                           self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+        self.config_sa_tun(p, self.pg0.local_ip6, self.pg0.remote_ip6)
         self.config_protect(p)
 
         self.verify_tun_66(p, count=n_pkts)
@@ -3282,5 +3616,5 @@ class TestIpsecItf6MPLS(TemplateIpsec,
         self.unconfig_network(p)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_l2_fib.py b/test/test_l2_fib.py
index 065e57e5343..fe1ea458182 100644
--- a/test/test_l2_fib.py
+++ b/test/test_l2_fib.py
@@ -73,12 +73,11 @@ from vpp_papi import mac_pton, VppEnum
 
 
 class TestL2fib(VppTestCase):
-    """ L2 FIB Test Case """
+    """L2 FIB Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def bd_ifs(cls, bd_id):
-        return range((bd_id - 1) * cls.n_ifs_per_bd,
-                     bd_id * cls.n_ifs_per_bd - 1)
+        return range((bd_id - 1) * cls.n_ifs_per_bd, bd_id * cls.n_ifs_per_bd - 1)
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -104,7 +103,8 @@ class TestL2fib(VppTestCase):
                 ifs = cls.bd_ifs(bd_id)
                 for j in ifs:
                     cls.flows[cls.pg_interfaces[j]] = [
-                        cls.pg_interfaces[x] for x in ifs if x != j]
+                        cls.pg_interfaces[x] for x in ifs if x != j
+                    ]
 
             # Packet sizes
             cls.pg_if_packet_sizes = [64, 512, 1518, 9018]
@@ -112,12 +112,12 @@ class TestL2fib(VppTestCase):
             for bd_id in n_brs:
                 # Create BD with MAC learning and unknown unicast flooding
                 # disabled and put interfaces to this BD
-                cls.vapi.bridge_domain_add_del(bd_id=bd_id, uu_flood=0,
-                                               learn=0)
+                cls.vapi.bridge_domain_add_del(bd_id=bd_id, uu_flood=0, learn=0)
                 ifs = [cls.pg_interfaces[i] for i in cls.bd_ifs(bd_id)]
                 for pg_if in ifs:
                     cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-                        rx_sw_if_index=pg_if.sw_if_index, bd_id=bd_id)
+                        rx_sw_if_index=pg_if.sw_if_index, bd_id=bd_id
+                    )
 
             # Set up all interfaces
             for i in cls.pg_interfaces:
@@ -141,8 +141,9 @@ class TestL2fib(VppTestCase):
         super(TestL2fib, self).tearDown()
         if not self.vpp_dead:
             for bd_id in self.n_brs:
-                self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli("show bridge-domain %s detail"
-                                                 % bd_id))
+                self.logger.info(
+                    self.vapi.ppcli("show bridge-domain %s detail" % bd_id)
+                )
 
     def show_commands_at_teardown(self):
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli("show l2fib verbose"))
@@ -160,11 +161,15 @@ class TestL2fib(VppTestCase):
         for pg_if in self.pg_interfaces:
             swif = pg_if.sw_if_index
 
-            def mac(j): return "00:00:%02x:ff:%02x:%02x" % (subnet, swif, j)
+            def mac(j):
+                return "00:00:%02x:ff:%02x:%02x" % (subnet, swif, j)
 
-            def ip(j): return "172.%02u.1%02x.%u" % (subnet, swif, j)
+            def ip(j):
+                return "172.%02u.1%02x.%u" % (subnet, swif, j)
+
+            def h(j):
+                return Host(mac(j), ip(j))
 
-            def h(j): return Host(mac(j), ip(j))
             hosts[swif] = [h(j) for j in range(n_hosts_per_if)]
         return hosts
 
@@ -188,8 +193,9 @@ class TestL2fib(VppTestCase):
         ifs = [self.pg_interfaces[i] for i in self.bd_ifs(bd_id)]
         for pg_if in ifs:
             swif = pg_if.sw_if_index
-            packets = [Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=host.mac)
-                       for host in hosts[swif]]
+            packets = [
+                Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=host.mac) for host in hosts[swif]
+            ]
             pg_if.add_stream(packets)
         self.logger.info("Sending broadcast eth frames for MAC learning")
         self.pg_start()
@@ -206,8 +212,7 @@ class TestL2fib(VppTestCase):
         for pg_if in ifs:
             swif = pg_if.sw_if_index
             for host in hosts[swif]:
-                self.vapi.l2fib_add_del(
-                    mac_pton(host.mac), bd_id, swif, static_mac=1)
+                self.vapi.l2fib_add_del(mac_pton(host.mac), bd_id, swif, static_mac=1)
 
     def delete_l2_fib_entry(self, bd_id, hosts):
         """
@@ -219,8 +224,7 @@ class TestL2fib(VppTestCase):
         for pg_if in ifs:
             swif = pg_if.sw_if_index
             for host in hosts[swif]:
-                self.vapi.l2fib_add_del(
-                    mac_pton(host.mac), bd_id, swif, is_add=0)
+                self.vapi.l2fib_add_del(mac_pton(host.mac), bd_id, swif, is_add=0)
 
     def flush_int(self, swif, learned_hosts):
         """
@@ -278,10 +282,12 @@ class TestL2fib(VppTestCase):
                 src_host = random.choice(src_hosts)
                 pkt_info = self.create_packet_info(src_if, dst_if)
                 payload = self.info_to_payload(pkt_info)
-                p = (Ether(dst=dst_host.mac, src=src_host.mac) /
-                     IP(src=src_host.ip4, dst=dst_host.ip4) /
-                     UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                     Raw(payload))
+                p = (
+                    Ether(dst=dst_host.mac, src=src_host.mac)
+                    / IP(src=src_host.ip4, dst=dst_host.ip4)
+                    / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                    / Raw(payload)
+                )
                 pkt_info.data = p.copy()
                 size = random.choice(packet_sizes)
                 self.extend_packet(p, size)
@@ -306,11 +312,13 @@ class TestL2fib(VppTestCase):
                 udp = packet[UDP]
                 packet_index = payload_info.index
                 self.assertEqual(payload_info.dst, dst_sw_if_index)
-                self.logger.debug("Got packet on port %s: src=%u (id=%u)" %
-                                  (pg_if.name, payload_info.src, packet_index))
+                self.logger.debug(
+                    "Got packet on port %s: src=%u (id=%u)"
+                    % (pg_if.name, payload_info.src, packet_index)
+                )
                 next_info = self.get_next_packet_info_for_interface2(
-                    payload_info.src, dst_sw_if_index,
-                    last_info[payload_info.src])
+                    payload_info.src, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[payload_info.src]
+                )
                 last_info[payload_info.src] = next_info
                 self.assertTrue(next_info is not None)
                 self.assertEqual(packet_index, next_info.index)
@@ -325,11 +333,13 @@ class TestL2fib(VppTestCase):
                 raise
         for i in self.pg_interfaces:
             remaining_packet = self.get_next_packet_info_for_interface2(
-                i, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[i.sw_if_index])
+                i, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[i.sw_if_index]
+            )
             self.assertTrue(
                 remaining_packet is None,
-                "Port %u: Packet expected from source %u didn't arrive" %
-                (dst_sw_if_index, i.sw_if_index))
+                "Port %u: Packet expected from source %u didn't arrive"
+                % (dst_sw_if_index, i.sw_if_index),
+            )
 
     def run_verify_test(self, bd_id, src_hosts, dst_hosts):
         # Test
@@ -338,9 +348,11 @@ class TestL2fib(VppTestCase):
         ifs = [self.pg_interfaces[i] for i in self.bd_ifs(bd_id)]
         for i in ifs:
             pkts = self.create_stream(
-                i, self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
+                i,
+                self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
                 if_src_hosts=src_hosts,
-                if_dst_hosts=dst_hosts)
+                if_dst_hosts=dst_hosts,
+            )
             if pkts:
                 i.add_stream(pkts)
 
@@ -366,9 +378,11 @@ class TestL2fib(VppTestCase):
         ifs = [self.pg_interfaces[i] for i in self.bd_ifs(bd_id)]
         for i in ifs:
             pkts = self.create_stream(
-                i, self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
+                i,
+                self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
                 if_src_hosts=src_hosts,
-                if_dst_hosts=dst_hosts)
+                if_dst_hosts=dst_hosts,
+            )
             if pkts:
                 i.add_stream(pkts)
 
@@ -386,16 +400,14 @@ class TestL2fib(VppTestCase):
             timeout = 0.1
 
     def test_l2_fib_program100(self):
-        """ L2 FIB - program 100 MACs
-        """
+        """L2 FIB - program 100 MACs"""
         bd_id = 1
         hosts = self.create_hosts(100, subnet=17)
         self.config_l2_fib_entries(bd_id, hosts)
         self.run_verify_test(bd_id, hosts, hosts)
 
     def test_l2_fib_program100_delete12(self):
-        """ L2 FIB - program 100, delete 12 MACs
-        """
+        """L2 FIB - program 100, delete 12 MACs"""
         bd_id = 1
         hosts = self.create_hosts(100, subnet=17)
         self.config_l2_fib_entries(bd_id, hosts)
@@ -406,8 +418,7 @@ class TestL2fib(VppTestCase):
         self.run_verify_negat_test(bd_id, hosts, del_hosts)
 
     def test_l2_fib_program100_add100(self):
-        """ L2 FIB - program 100, add 100 MACs
-        """
+        """L2 FIB - program 100, add 100 MACs"""
         bd_id = 1
         hosts = self.create_hosts(100, subnet=17)
         self.config_l2_fib_entries(bd_id, hosts)
@@ -416,8 +427,7 @@ class TestL2fib(VppTestCase):
         self.run_verify_test(bd_id, hosts, hosts2)
 
     def test_l2_fib_program10_learn10(self):
-        """ L2 FIB - program 10 MACs, learn 10
-        """
+        """L2 FIB - program 10 MACs, learn 10"""
         hosts = self.create_hosts(20, subnet=35)
         lhosts = self.split_hosts(hosts, 10)
 
@@ -431,8 +441,7 @@ class TestL2fib(VppTestCase):
         self.run_verify_test(bd2, lhosts, hosts)
 
     def test_l2_fib_flush_int(self):
-        """ L2 FIB - flush interface
-        """
+        """L2 FIB - flush interface"""
         hosts = self.create_hosts(20, subnet=36)
         lhosts = self.split_hosts(hosts, 10)
 
@@ -445,8 +454,7 @@ class TestL2fib(VppTestCase):
         self.run_verify_negat_test(bd1, hosts, flushed)
 
     def test_l2_fib_flush_bd(self):
-        """ L2 FIB - flush BD
-        """
+        """L2 FIB - flush BD"""
         hosts = self.create_hosts(20, subnet=37)
         lhosts = self.split_hosts(hosts, 10)
 
@@ -458,8 +466,7 @@ class TestL2fib(VppTestCase):
         self.run_verify_negat_test(bd1, hosts, flushed)
 
     def test_l2_fib_flush_all(self):
-        """ L2 FIB - flush all
-        """
+        """L2 FIB - flush all"""
         hosts = self.create_hosts(20, subnet=38)
         lhosts = self.split_hosts(hosts, 10)
 
@@ -478,8 +485,7 @@ class TestL2fib(VppTestCase):
         self.run_verify_negat_test(bd2, hosts, lhosts)
 
     def test_l2_fib_mac_learn_evs(self):
-        """ L2 FIB - mac learning events
-        """
+        """L2 FIB - mac learning events"""
         bd1 = 1
         hosts = self.create_hosts(10, subnet=39)
 
@@ -491,16 +497,21 @@ class TestL2fib(VppTestCase):
         evs = self.vapi.collect_events()
         action = VppEnum.vl_api_mac_event_action_t.MAC_EVENT_ACTION_API_ADD
         learned_macs = {
-            e.mac[i].mac_addr.packed for e in evs for i in range(e.n_macs)
-            if e.mac[i].action == action}
-        macs = {h.bin_mac for swif in self.bd_ifs(bd1)
-                for h in hosts[self.pg_interfaces[swif].sw_if_index]}
+            e.mac[i].mac_addr.packed
+            for e in evs
+            for i in range(e.n_macs)
+            if e.mac[i].action == action
+        }
+        macs = {
+            h.bin_mac
+            for swif in self.bd_ifs(bd1)
+            for h in hosts[self.pg_interfaces[swif].sw_if_index]
+        }
         self.vapi.want_l2_macs_events(enable_disable=0)
         self.assertEqual(len(learned_macs ^ macs), 0)
 
     def test_l2_fib_mac_learn_evs2(self):
-        """ L2 FIB - mac learning events using want_l2_macs_events2
-        """
+        """L2 FIB - mac learning events using want_l2_macs_events2"""
         bd1 = 1
         hosts = self.create_hosts(10, subnet=39)
 
@@ -514,16 +525,21 @@ class TestL2fib(VppTestCase):
         evs = self.vapi.collect_events()
         action = VppEnum.vl_api_mac_event_action_t.MAC_EVENT_ACTION_API_ADD
         learned_macs = {
-            e.mac[i].mac_addr.packed for e in evs for i in range(e.n_macs)
-            if e.mac[i].action == action}
-        macs = {h.bin_mac for swif in self.bd_ifs(bd1)
-                for h in hosts[self.pg_interfaces[swif].sw_if_index]}
+            e.mac[i].mac_addr.packed
+            for e in evs
+            for i in range(e.n_macs)
+            if e.mac[i].action == action
+        }
+        macs = {
+            h.bin_mac
+            for swif in self.bd_ifs(bd1)
+            for h in hosts[self.pg_interfaces[swif].sw_if_index]
+        }
         self.vapi.want_l2_macs_events2(enable_disable=0)
         self.assertEqual(len(learned_macs ^ macs), 0)
 
     def test_l2_fib_macs_learn_max(self):
-        """ L2 FIB - mac learning max macs in event
-        """
+        """L2 FIB - mac learning max macs in event"""
         bd1 = 1
         hosts = self.create_hosts(10, subnet=40)
 
@@ -539,18 +555,23 @@ class TestL2fib(VppTestCase):
         self.assertGreater(len(evs), 0)
         action = VppEnum.vl_api_mac_event_action_t.MAC_EVENT_ACTION_API_ADD
         learned_macs = {
-            e.mac[i].mac_addr.packed for e in evs for i in range(e.n_macs)
-            if e.mac[i].action == action}
-        macs = {h.bin_mac for swif in self.bd_ifs(bd1)
-                for h in hosts[self.pg_interfaces[swif].sw_if_index]}
+            e.mac[i].mac_addr.packed
+            for e in evs
+            for i in range(e.n_macs)
+            if e.mac[i].action == action
+        }
+        macs = {
+            h.bin_mac
+            for swif in self.bd_ifs(bd1)
+            for h in hosts[self.pg_interfaces[swif].sw_if_index]
+        }
 
         for e in evs:
             self.assertLess(len(e), ev_macs * 10)
         self.assertEqual(len(learned_macs ^ macs), 0)
 
     def test_l2_fib_macs_learn_max2(self):
-        """ L2 FIB - mac learning max macs in event using want_l2_macs_events2
-        """
+        """L2 FIB - mac learning max macs in event using want_l2_macs_events2"""
         bd1 = 1
         hosts = self.create_hosts(10, subnet=40)
 
@@ -568,14 +589,21 @@ class TestL2fib(VppTestCase):
         self.assertGreater(len(evs), 0)
         action = VppEnum.vl_api_mac_event_action_t.MAC_EVENT_ACTION_API_ADD
         learned_macs = {
-            e.mac[i].mac_addr.packed for e in evs for i in range(e.n_macs)
-            if e.mac[i].action == action}
-        macs = {h.bin_mac for swif in self.bd_ifs(bd1)
-                for h in hosts[self.pg_interfaces[swif].sw_if_index]}
+            e.mac[i].mac_addr.packed
+            for e in evs
+            for i in range(e.n_macs)
+            if e.mac[i].action == action
+        }
+        macs = {
+            h.bin_mac
+            for swif in self.bd_ifs(bd1)
+            for h in hosts[self.pg_interfaces[swif].sw_if_index]
+        }
 
         for e in evs:
             self.assertLess(len(e), ev_macs * 10)
         self.assertEqual(len(learned_macs ^ macs), 0)
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_l2_flood.py b/test/test_l2_flood.py
index 7f3c57a399d..db4af607451 100644
--- a/test/test_l2_flood.py
+++ b/test/test_l2_flood.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ NUM_PKTS = 67
 
 
 class TestL2Flood(VppTestCase):
-    """ L2-flood """
+    """L2-flood"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ class TestL2Flood(VppTestCase):
         super(TestL2Flood, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_flood(self):
-        """ L2 Flood Tests """
+        """L2 Flood Tests"""
 
         #
         # Create a single bridge Domain
@@ -63,31 +63,35 @@ class TestL2Flood(VppTestCase):
         # add each interface to the BD. 3 interfaces per split horizon group
         #
         for i in self.pg_interfaces[0:4]:
-            self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(rx_sw_if_index=i.sw_if_index,
-                                                 bd_id=1, shg=0)
+            self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
+                rx_sw_if_index=i.sw_if_index, bd_id=1, shg=0
+            )
         for i in self.pg_interfaces[4:8]:
-            self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(rx_sw_if_index=i.sw_if_index,
-                                                 bd_id=1, shg=1)
+            self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
+                rx_sw_if_index=i.sw_if_index, bd_id=1, shg=1
+            )
         for i in self.pg_interfaces[8:12]:
-            self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(rx_sw_if_index=i.sw_if_index,
-                                                 bd_id=1, shg=2)
+            self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
+                rx_sw_if_index=i.sw_if_index, bd_id=1, shg=2
+            )
         for i in self.bvi_interfaces:
-            self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(rx_sw_if_index=i.sw_if_index,
-                                                 bd_id=1, shg=2,
-                                                 port_type=L2_PORT_TYPE.BVI)
+            self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
+                rx_sw_if_index=i.sw_if_index, bd_id=1, shg=2, port_type=L2_PORT_TYPE.BVI
+            )
 
-        p = (Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff",
-                   src="00:00:de:ad:be:ef") /
-             IP(src="10.10.10.10", dst="1.1.1.1") /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src="00:00:de:ad:be:ef")
+            / IP(src="10.10.10.10", dst="1.1.1.1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         #
         # input on pg0 expect copies on pg1->11
         # this is in SHG=0 so its flooded to all, expect the pg0 since that's
         # the ingress link
         #
-        self.pg0.add_stream(p*NUM_PKTS)
+        self.pg0.add_stream(p * NUM_PKTS)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
@@ -98,7 +102,7 @@ class TestL2Flood(VppTestCase):
         # input on pg4 (SHG=1) expect copies on pg0->3 (SHG=0)
         # and pg8->11 (SHG=2)
         #
-        self.pg4.add_stream(p*NUM_PKTS)
+        self.pg4.add_stream(p * NUM_PKTS)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
@@ -112,9 +116,12 @@ class TestL2Flood(VppTestCase):
         #
         # An IP route so the packet that hits the BVI is sent out of pg12
         #
-        ip_route = VppIpRoute(self, "1.1.1.1", 32,
-                              [VppRoutePath(self.pg12.remote_ip4,
-                                            self.pg12.sw_if_index)])
+        ip_route = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "1.1.1.1",
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg12.remote_ip4, self.pg12.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         ip_route.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh bridge 1 detail"))
@@ -124,7 +131,7 @@ class TestL2Flood(VppTestCase):
         # this is in SHG=0 so its flooded to all, expect the pg0 since that's
         # the ingress link
         #
-        self.pg0.add_stream(p*NUM_PKTS)
+        self.pg0.add_stream(p * NUM_PKTS)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
@@ -135,7 +142,7 @@ class TestL2Flood(VppTestCase):
         # input on pg4 (SHG=1) expect copies on pg0->3 (SHG=0)
         # and pg8->12 (SHG=2)
         #
-        self.pg4.add_stream(p*NUM_PKTS)
+        self.pg4.add_stream(p * NUM_PKTS)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
@@ -150,18 +157,22 @@ class TestL2Flood(VppTestCase):
         # cleanup
         #
         for i in self.pg_interfaces[:12]:
-            self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(rx_sw_if_index=i.sw_if_index,
-                                                 bd_id=1, enable=0)
+            self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
+                rx_sw_if_index=i.sw_if_index, bd_id=1, enable=0
+            )
         for i in self.bvi_interfaces:
-            self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(rx_sw_if_index=i.sw_if_index,
-                                                 bd_id=1, shg=2,
-                                                 port_type=L2_PORT_TYPE.BVI,
-                                                 enable=0)
+            self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
+                rx_sw_if_index=i.sw_if_index,
+                bd_id=1,
+                shg=2,
+                port_type=L2_PORT_TYPE.BVI,
+                enable=0,
+            )
 
         self.vapi.bridge_domain_add_del(bd_id=1, is_add=0)
 
     def test_flood_one(self):
-        """ L2 no-Flood Test """
+        """L2 no-Flood Test"""
 
         #
         # Create a single bridge Domain
@@ -173,30 +184,33 @@ class TestL2Flood(VppTestCase):
         # one member
         #
         for i in self.pg_interfaces[:2]:
-            self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(rx_sw_if_index=i.sw_if_index,
-                                                 bd_id=1, shg=0)
+            self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
+                rx_sw_if_index=i.sw_if_index, bd_id=1, shg=0
+            )
 
-        p = (Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff",
-                   src="00:00:de:ad:be:ef") /
-             IP(src="10.10.10.10", dst="1.1.1.1") /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src="00:00:de:ad:be:ef")
+            / IP(src="10.10.10.10", dst="1.1.1.1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         #
         # input on pg0 expect copies on pg1
         #
-        self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p*NUM_PKTS, self.pg1)
+        self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * NUM_PKTS, self.pg1)
 
         #
         # cleanup
         #
         for i in self.pg_interfaces[:2]:
-            self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(rx_sw_if_index=i.sw_if_index,
-                                                 bd_id=1, enable=0)
+            self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
+                rx_sw_if_index=i.sw_if_index, bd_id=1, enable=0
+            )
         self.vapi.bridge_domain_add_del(bd_id=1, is_add=0)
 
     def test_uu_fwd(self):
-        """ UU Flood """
+        """UU Flood"""
 
         #
         # Create a single bridge Domain
@@ -207,34 +221,37 @@ class TestL2Flood(VppTestCase):
         # add each interface to the BD. 3 interfaces per split horizon group
         #
         for i in self.pg_interfaces[0:4]:
-            self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(rx_sw_if_index=i.sw_if_index,
-                                                 bd_id=1, shg=0)
+            self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
+                rx_sw_if_index=i.sw_if_index, bd_id=1, shg=0
+            )
 
         #
         # an unknown unicast and broadcast packets
         #
-        p_uu = (Ether(dst="00:00:00:c1:5c:00",
-                      src="00:00:de:ad:be:ef") /
-                IP(src="10.10.10.10", dst="1.1.1.1") /
-                UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-        p_bm = (Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff",
-                      src="00:00:de:ad:be:ef") /
-                IP(src="10.10.10.10", dst="1.1.1.1") /
-                UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p_uu = (
+            Ether(dst="00:00:00:c1:5c:00", src="00:00:de:ad:be:ef")
+            / IP(src="10.10.10.10", dst="1.1.1.1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
+        p_bm = (
+            Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src="00:00:de:ad:be:ef")
+            / IP(src="10.10.10.10", dst="1.1.1.1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         #
         # input on pg0, expected copies on pg1->4
         #
-        self.pg0.add_stream(p_uu*NUM_PKTS)
+        self.pg0.add_stream(p_uu * NUM_PKTS)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
         for i in self.pg_interfaces[1:4]:
             rx0 = i.get_capture(NUM_PKTS, timeout=1)
 
-        self.pg0.add_stream(p_bm*NUM_PKTS)
+        self.pg0.add_stream(p_bm * NUM_PKTS)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
@@ -245,13 +262,16 @@ class TestL2Flood(VppTestCase):
         # use pg8 as the uu-fwd interface
         #
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg8.sw_if_index, bd_id=1, shg=0,
-            port_type=L2_PORT_TYPE.UU_FWD)
+            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg8.sw_if_index,
+            bd_id=1,
+            shg=0,
+            port_type=L2_PORT_TYPE.UU_FWD,
+        )
 
         #
         # expect the UU packet on the uu-fwd interface and not be flooded
         #
-        self.pg0.add_stream(p_uu*NUM_PKTS)
+        self.pg0.add_stream(p_uu * NUM_PKTS)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
@@ -260,7 +280,7 @@ class TestL2Flood(VppTestCase):
         for i in self.pg_interfaces[0:4]:
             i.assert_nothing_captured(remark="UU not flooded")
 
-        self.pg0.add_stream(p_bm*NUM_PKTS)
+        self.pg0.add_stream(p_bm * NUM_PKTS)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
@@ -271,10 +291,14 @@ class TestL2Flood(VppTestCase):
         # remove the uu-fwd interface and expect UU to be flooded again
         #
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg8.sw_if_index, bd_id=1, shg=0,
-            port_type=L2_PORT_TYPE.UU_FWD, enable=0)
+            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg8.sw_if_index,
+            bd_id=1,
+            shg=0,
+            port_type=L2_PORT_TYPE.UU_FWD,
+            enable=0,
+        )
 
-        self.pg0.add_stream(p_uu*NUM_PKTS)
+        self.pg0.add_stream(p_uu * NUM_PKTS)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
@@ -292,11 +316,14 @@ class TestL2Flood(VppTestCase):
         # re-add the uu-fwd interface
         #
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg8.sw_if_index, bd_id=1, shg=0,
-            port_type=L2_PORT_TYPE.UU_FWD)
+            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg8.sw_if_index,
+            bd_id=1,
+            shg=0,
+            port_type=L2_PORT_TYPE.UU_FWD,
+        )
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh bridge 1 detail"))
 
-        self.pg0.add_stream(p_uu*NUM_PKTS)
+        self.pg0.add_stream(p_uu * NUM_PKTS)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
@@ -309,19 +336,24 @@ class TestL2Flood(VppTestCase):
         # remove the uu-fwd interface
         #
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg8.sw_if_index, bd_id=1, shg=0,
-            port_type=L2_PORT_TYPE.UU_FWD, enable=0)
+            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg8.sw_if_index,
+            bd_id=1,
+            shg=0,
+            port_type=L2_PORT_TYPE.UU_FWD,
+            enable=0,
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p_uu)
 
         #
         # cleanup
         #
         for i in self.pg_interfaces[:4]:
-            self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(rx_sw_if_index=i.sw_if_index,
-                                                 bd_id=1, enable=0)
+            self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
+                rx_sw_if_index=i.sw_if_index, bd_id=1, enable=0
+            )
 
         self.vapi.bridge_domain_add_del(bd_id=1, is_add=0)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_l2bd.py b/test/test_l2bd.py
index 5eca48c6e9b..63ed2deeb68 100644
--- a/test/test_l2bd.py
+++ b/test/test_l2bd.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ from vpp_sub_interface import VppDot1QSubint, VppDot1ADSubint
 
 
 class TestL2bd(VppTestCase):
-    """ L2BD Test Case """
+    """L2BD Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -54,8 +54,14 @@ class TestL2bd(VppTestCase):
             # create 2 sub-interfaces for pg1 and pg2
             cls.sub_interfaces = [
                 VppDot1QSubint(cls, cls.pg1, cls.dot1q_tag),
-                VppDot1ADSubint(cls, cls.pg2, cls.dot1ad_sub_id,
-                                cls.dot1ad_outer_tag, cls.dot1ad_inner_tag)]
+                VppDot1ADSubint(
+                    cls,
+                    cls.pg2,
+                    cls.dot1ad_sub_id,
+                    cls.dot1ad_outer_tag,
+                    cls.dot1ad_inner_tag,
+                ),
+            ]
 
             # packet flows mapping pg0 -> pg1, pg2, etc.
             cls.flows = dict()
@@ -73,10 +79,14 @@ class TestL2bd(VppTestCase):
             # Create BD with MAC learning enabled and put interfaces and
             #  sub-interfaces to this BD
             for pg_if in cls.pg_interfaces:
-                sw_if_index = pg_if.sub_if.sw_if_index \
-                    if hasattr(pg_if, 'sub_if') else pg_if.sw_if_index
-                cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(rx_sw_if_index=sw_if_index,
-                                                    bd_id=cls.bd_id)
+                sw_if_index = (
+                    pg_if.sub_if.sw_if_index
+                    if hasattr(pg_if, "sub_if")
+                    else pg_if.sw_if_index
+                )
+                cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
+                    rx_sw_if_index=sw_if_index, bd_id=cls.bd_id
+                )
 
             # setup all interfaces
             for i in cls.interfaces:
@@ -112,8 +122,9 @@ class TestL2bd(VppTestCase):
         super(TestL2bd, self).tearDown()
         if not self.vpp_dead:
             self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli("show l2fib verbose"))
-            self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli("show bridge-domain %s detail" %
-                                             self.bd_id))
+            self.logger.info(
+                self.vapi.ppcli("show bridge-domain %s detail" % self.bd_id)
+            )
 
     @classmethod
     def create_hosts_and_learn(cls, count):
@@ -138,10 +149,11 @@ class TestL2bd(VppTestCase):
             for j in range(start_nr, end_nr):
                 host = Host(
                     "00:00:00:ff:%02x:%02x" % (pg_if.sw_if_index, j),
-                    "172.17.1%02x.%u" % (pg_if.sw_if_index, j))
-                packet = (Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=host.mac))
+                    "172.17.1%02x.%u" % (pg_if.sw_if_index, j),
+                )
+                packet = Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=host.mac)
                 hosts.append(host)
-                if hasattr(pg_if, 'sub_if'):
+                if hasattr(pg_if, "sub_if"):
                     packet = pg_if.sub_if.add_dot1_layer(packet)
                 packets.append(packet)
             pg_if.add_stream(packets)
@@ -164,12 +176,14 @@ class TestL2bd(VppTestCase):
             src_host = random.choice(self.hosts_by_pg_idx[src_if.sw_if_index])
             pkt_info = self.create_packet_info(src_if, dst_if)
             payload = self.info_to_payload(pkt_info)
-            p = (Ether(dst=dst_host.mac, src=src_host.mac) /
-                 IP(src=src_host.ip4, dst=dst_host.ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(payload))
+            p = (
+                Ether(dst=dst_host.mac, src=src_host.mac)
+                / IP(src=src_host.ip4, dst=dst_host.ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(payload)
+            )
             pkt_info.data = p.copy()
-            if hasattr(src_if, 'sub_if'):
+            if hasattr(src_if, "sub_if"):
                 p = src_if.sub_if.add_dot1_layer(p)
             size = random.choice(packet_sizes)
             self.extend_packet(p, size)
@@ -196,7 +210,7 @@ class TestL2bd(VppTestCase):
                     if ifc.sw_if_index == src_sw_if_index:
                         src_if = ifc
                         break
-            if hasattr(src_if, 'sub_if'):
+            if hasattr(src_if, "sub_if"):
                 # Check VLAN tags and Ethernet header
                 packet = src_if.sub_if.remove_dot1_layer(packet)
             self.assertTrue(Dot1Q not in packet)
@@ -205,11 +219,13 @@ class TestL2bd(VppTestCase):
                 udp = packet[UDP]
                 packet_index = payload_info.index
                 self.assertEqual(payload_info.dst, dst_sw_if_index)
-                self.logger.debug("Got packet on port %s: src=%u (id=%u)" %
-                                  (pg_if.name, payload_info.src, packet_index))
+                self.logger.debug(
+                    "Got packet on port %s: src=%u (id=%u)"
+                    % (pg_if.name, payload_info.src, packet_index)
+                )
                 next_info = self.get_next_packet_info_for_interface2(
-                    payload_info.src, dst_sw_if_index,
-                    last_info[payload_info.src])
+                    payload_info.src, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[payload_info.src]
+                )
                 last_info[payload_info.src] = next_info
                 self.assertTrue(next_info is not None)
                 self.assertEqual(packet_index, next_info.index)
@@ -224,19 +240,24 @@ class TestL2bd(VppTestCase):
                 raise
         for i in self.pg_interfaces:
             remaining_packet = self.get_next_packet_info_for_interface2(
-                i, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[i.sw_if_index])
+                i, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[i.sw_if_index]
+            )
             self.assertTrue(
                 remaining_packet is None,
-                "Port %u: Packet expected from source %u didn't arrive" %
-                (dst_sw_if_index, i.sw_if_index))
+                "Port %u: Packet expected from source %u didn't arrive"
+                % (dst_sw_if_index, i.sw_if_index),
+            )
 
     def run_l2bd_test(self, pkts_per_burst):
-        """ L2BD MAC learning test """
+        """L2BD MAC learning test"""
 
         # Create incoming packet streams for packet-generator interfaces
         for i in self.pg_interfaces:
-            packet_sizes = self.sub_if_packet_sizes if hasattr(i, 'sub_if') \
+            packet_sizes = (
+                self.sub_if_packet_sizes
+                if hasattr(i, "sub_if")
                 else self.pg_if_packet_sizes
+            )
             pkts = self.create_stream(i, packet_sizes, pkts_per_burst)
             i.add_stream(pkts)
 
@@ -251,7 +272,7 @@ class TestL2bd(VppTestCase):
             self.verify_capture(i, capture)
 
     def test_l2bd_sl(self):
-        """ L2BD MAC learning single-loop test
+        """L2BD MAC learning single-loop test
 
         Test scenario:
             1.config
@@ -268,22 +289,22 @@ class TestL2bd(VppTestCase):
         self.run_l2bd_test(self.sl_pkts_per_burst)
 
     def test_l2bd_dl(self):
-        """ L2BD MAC learning dual-loop test
+        """L2BD MAC learning dual-loop test
 
-         Test scenario:
-            1.config
-                MAC learning enabled
-                learn 100 MAC entries
-                3 interfaces: untagged, dot1q, dot1ad (dot1q used instead of
-                dot1ad in the first version)
+        Test scenario:
+           1.config
+               MAC learning enabled
+               learn 100 MAC entries
+               3 interfaces: untagged, dot1q, dot1ad (dot1q used instead of
+               dot1ad in the first version)
 
-            2.sending l2 eth pkts between 3 interface
-                64B, 512B, 1518B, 9200B (ether_size)
-                burst of 257 pkts per interface
+           2.sending l2 eth pkts between 3 interface
+               64B, 512B, 1518B, 9200B (ether_size)
+               burst of 257 pkts per interface
         """
 
         self.run_l2bd_test(self.dl_pkts_per_burst)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_l2bd_arp_term.py b/test/test_l2bd_arp_term.py
index c64d5d4f01c..598203950d9 100644
--- a/test/test_l2bd_arp_term.py
+++ b/test/test_l2bd_arp_term.py
@@ -10,19 +10,38 @@ from socket import AF_INET, AF_INET6, inet_pton, inet_ntop
 from scapy.packet import Raw
 from scapy.layers.l2 import Ether, ARP
 from scapy.layers.inet import IP
-from scapy.utils6 import in6_getnsma, in6_getnsmac, in6_ptop, in6_islladdr, \
-    in6_mactoifaceid, in6_ismaddr
-from scapy.layers.inet6 import IPv6, UDP, ICMPv6ND_NS, ICMPv6ND_RS, \
-    ICMPv6ND_RA, ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr, getmacbyip6, ICMPv6MRD_Solicitation, \
-    ICMPv6NDOptMTU, ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr, ICMPv6NDOptPrefixInfo, \
-    ICMPv6ND_NA, ICMPv6NDOptDstLLAddr, ICMPv6DestUnreach, icmp6types
+from scapy.utils6 import (
+    in6_getnsma,
+    in6_getnsmac,
+    in6_ptop,
+    in6_islladdr,
+    in6_mactoifaceid,
+    in6_ismaddr,
+)
+from scapy.layers.inet6 import (
+    IPv6,
+    UDP,
+    ICMPv6ND_NS,
+    ICMPv6ND_RS,
+    ICMPv6ND_RA,
+    ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr,
+    getmacbyip6,
+    ICMPv6MRD_Solicitation,
+    ICMPv6NDOptMTU,
+    ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr,
+    ICMPv6NDOptPrefixInfo,
+    ICMPv6ND_NA,
+    ICMPv6NDOptDstLLAddr,
+    ICMPv6DestUnreach,
+    icmp6types,
+)
 
 from framework import VppTestCase, VppTestRunner
 from util import Host, ppp
 
 
 class TestL2bdArpTerm(VppTestCase):
-    """ L2BD arp termination Test Case """
+    """L2BD arp termination Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -77,11 +96,9 @@ class TestL2bdArpTerm(VppTestCase):
     def add_del_arp_term_hosts(self, entries, bd_id=1, is_add=1, is_ipv6=0):
         for e in entries:
             ip = e.ip4 if is_ipv6 == 0 else e.ip6
-            self.vapi.bd_ip_mac_add_del(is_add=is_add,
-                                        entry={
-                                            'bd_id': bd_id,
-                                            'ip': ip,
-                                            'mac': e.mac})
+            self.vapi.bd_ip_mac_add_del(
+                is_add=is_add, entry={"bd_id": bd_id, "ip": ip, "mac": e.mac}
+            )
 
     @classmethod
     def mac_list(cls, b6_range):
@@ -89,23 +106,23 @@ class TestL2bdArpTerm(VppTestCase):
 
     @classmethod
     def ip4_host(cls, subnet, host, mac):
-        return Host(mac=mac,
-                    ip4="172.17.1%02u.%u" % (subnet, host))
+        return Host(mac=mac, ip4="172.17.1%02u.%u" % (subnet, host))
 
     @classmethod
     def ip4_hosts(cls, subnet, start, mac_list):
-        return {cls.ip4_host(subnet, start + j, mac_list[j])
-                for j in range(len(mac_list))}
+        return {
+            cls.ip4_host(subnet, start + j, mac_list[j]) for j in range(len(mac_list))
+        }
 
     @classmethod
     def ip6_host(cls, subnet, host, mac):
-        return Host(mac=mac,
-                    ip6="fd01:%x::%x" % (subnet, host))
+        return Host(mac=mac, ip6="fd01:%x::%x" % (subnet, host))
 
     @classmethod
     def ip6_hosts(cls, subnet, start, mac_list):
-        return {cls.ip6_host(subnet, start + j, mac_list[j])
-                for j in range(len(mac_list))}
+        return {
+            cls.ip6_host(subnet, start + j, mac_list[j]) for j in range(len(mac_list))
+        }
 
     @classmethod
     def bd_swifs(cls, b):
@@ -118,18 +135,17 @@ class TestL2bdArpTerm(VppTestCase):
             self.vapi.bridge_domain_add_del(bd_id=bd_id, is_add=is_add)
         for swif in self.bd_swifs(bd_id):
             swif_idx = swif.sw_if_index
-            self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(rx_sw_if_index=swif_idx,
-                                                 bd_id=bd_id, enable=is_add)
+            self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
+                rx_sw_if_index=swif_idx, bd_id=bd_id, enable=is_add
+            )
         if not is_add:
             self.vapi.bridge_domain_add_del(bd_id=bd_id, is_add=is_add)
 
     @classmethod
     def arp_req(cls, src_host, host):
-        return (Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=src_host.mac) /
-                ARP(op="who-has",
-                    hwsrc=src_host.bin_mac,
-                    pdst=host.ip4,
-                    psrc=src_host.ip4))
+        return Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=src_host.mac) / ARP(
+            op="who-has", hwsrc=src_host.bin_mac, pdst=host.ip4, psrc=src_host.ip4
+        )
 
     @classmethod
     def arp_reqs(cls, src_host, entries):
@@ -167,7 +183,7 @@ class TestL2bdArpTerm(VppTestCase):
         o2 = int(ip / 65536) % 256
         o3 = int(ip / 256) % 256
         o4 = int(ip) % 256
-        return '%s.%s.%s.%s' % (o1, o2, o3, o4)
+        return "%s.%s.%s.%s" % (o1, o2, o3, o4)
 
     def arp_event_host(self, e):
         return Host(str(e.mac), ip4=str(e.ip))
@@ -185,10 +201,12 @@ class TestL2bdArpTerm(VppTestCase):
     def ns_req(cls, src_host, host):
         nsma = in6_getnsma(inet_pton(AF_INET6, "fd10::ffff"))
         d = inet_ntop(AF_INET6, nsma)
-        return (Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=src_host.mac) /
-                IPv6(dst=d, src=src_host.ip6) /
-                ICMPv6ND_NS(tgt=host.ip6) /
-                ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr(lladdr=src_host.mac))
+        return (
+            Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=src_host.mac)
+            / IPv6(dst=d, src=src_host.ip6)
+            / ICMPv6ND_NS(tgt=host.ip6)
+            / ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr(lladdr=src_host.mac)
+        )
 
     @classmethod
     def ns_reqs_dst(cls, entries, dst_host):
@@ -200,8 +218,7 @@ class TestL2bdArpTerm(VppTestCase):
 
     def na_resp_host(self, src_host, rx):
         self.assertEqual(rx[Ether].dst, src_host.mac)
-        self.assertEqual(in6_ptop(rx[IPv6].dst),
-                         in6_ptop(src_host.ip6))
+        self.assertEqual(in6_ptop(rx[IPv6].dst), in6_ptop(src_host.ip6))
 
         self.assertTrue(rx.haslayer(ICMPv6ND_NA))
         self.assertTrue(rx.haslayer(ICMPv6NDOptDstLLAddr))
@@ -236,8 +253,7 @@ class TestL2bdArpTerm(VppTestCase):
             else:
                 raise ValueError("Unknown feature used: %s" % flag)
             is_set = 1 if args[flag] else 0
-            self.vapi.bridge_flags(bd_id=bd_id, is_set=is_set,
-                                   flags=feature_bitmap)
+            self.vapi.bridge_flags(bd_id=bd_id, is_set=is_set, flags=feature_bitmap)
         self.logger.info("Bridge domain ID %d updated" % bd_id)
 
     def verify_arp(self, src_host, req_hosts, resp_hosts, bd_id=1):
@@ -269,12 +285,10 @@ class TestL2bdArpTerm(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(len(resps ^ resp_hosts), 0)
 
     def test_l2bd_arp_term_01(self):
-        """ L2BD arp term - add 5 hosts, verify arp responses
-        """
+        """L2BD arp term - add 5 hosts, verify arp responses"""
         src_host = self.ip4_host(50, 50, "00:00:11:22:33:44")
         self.bd_add_del(1, is_add=1)
-        self.set_bd_flags(1, arp_term=True, flood=False,
-                          uu_flood=False, learn=False)
+        self.set_bd_flags(1, arp_term=True, flood=False, uu_flood=False, learn=False)
         macs = self.mac_list(range(1, 5))
         hosts = self.ip4_hosts(4, 1, macs)
         self.add_del_arp_term_hosts(hosts, is_add=1)
@@ -283,8 +297,7 @@ class TestL2bdArpTerm(VppTestCase):
         type(self).hosts = hosts
 
     def test_l2bd_arp_term_02(self):
-        """ L2BD arp term - delete 3 hosts, verify arp responses
-        """
+        """L2BD arp term - delete 3 hosts, verify arp responses"""
         src_host = self.ip4_host(50, 50, "00:00:11:22:33:44")
         macs = self.mac_list(range(1, 3))
         deleted = self.ip4_hosts(4, 1, macs)
@@ -295,12 +308,10 @@ class TestL2bdArpTerm(VppTestCase):
         self.bd_add_del(1, is_add=0)
 
     def test_l2bd_arp_term_03(self):
-        """ L2BD arp term - recreate BD1, readd 3 hosts, verify arp responses
-        """
+        """L2BD arp term - recreate BD1, readd 3 hosts, verify arp responses"""
         src_host = self.ip4_host(50, 50, "00:00:11:22:33:44")
         self.bd_add_del(1, is_add=1)
-        self.set_bd_flags(1, arp_term=True, flood=False,
-                          uu_flood=False, learn=False)
+        self.set_bd_flags(1, arp_term=True, flood=False, uu_flood=False, learn=False)
         macs = self.mac_list(range(1, 3))
         readded = self.ip4_hosts(4, 1, macs)
         self.add_del_arp_term_hosts(readded, is_add=1)
@@ -308,8 +319,7 @@ class TestL2bdArpTerm(VppTestCase):
         type(self).hosts = readded
 
     def test_l2bd_arp_term_04(self):
-        """ L2BD arp term - 2 IP4 addrs per host
-        """
+        """L2BD arp term - 2 IP4 addrs per host"""
         src_host = self.ip4_host(50, 50, "00:00:11:22:33:44")
         macs = self.mac_list(range(1, 3))
         sub5_hosts = self.ip4_hosts(5, 1, macs)
@@ -320,12 +330,10 @@ class TestL2bdArpTerm(VppTestCase):
         self.bd_add_del(1, is_add=0)
 
     def test_l2bd_arp_term_05(self):
-        """ L2BD arp term - create and update 10 IP4-mac pairs
-        """
+        """L2BD arp term - create and update 10 IP4-mac pairs"""
         src_host = self.ip4_host(50, 50, "00:00:11:22:33:44")
         self.bd_add_del(1, is_add=1)
-        self.set_bd_flags(1, arp_term=True, flood=False,
-                          uu_flood=False, learn=False)
+        self.set_bd_flags(1, arp_term=True, flood=False, uu_flood=False, learn=False)
         macs1 = self.mac_list(range(10, 20))
         hosts1 = self.ip4_hosts(5, 1, macs1)
         self.add_del_arp_term_hosts(hosts1, is_add=1)
@@ -337,14 +345,12 @@ class TestL2bdArpTerm(VppTestCase):
         self.bd_add_del(1, is_add=0)
 
     def test_l2bd_arp_term_06(self):
-        """ L2BD arp/ND term - hosts with both ip4/ip6
-        """
+        """L2BD arp/ND term - hosts with both ip4/ip6"""
         src_host4 = self.ip4_host(50, 50, "00:00:11:22:33:44")
         src_host6 = self.ip6_host(50, 50, "00:00:11:22:33:44")
         self.bd_add_del(1, is_add=1)
         # enable flood to make sure requests are not flooded
-        self.set_bd_flags(1, arp_term=True, flood=True,
-                          uu_flood=False, learn=False)
+        self.set_bd_flags(1, arp_term=True, flood=True, uu_flood=False, learn=False)
         macs = self.mac_list(range(10, 20))
         hosts6 = self.ip6_hosts(5, 1, macs)
         hosts4 = self.ip4_hosts(5, 1, macs)
@@ -355,12 +361,10 @@ class TestL2bdArpTerm(VppTestCase):
         self.bd_add_del(1, is_add=0)
 
     def test_l2bd_arp_term_07(self):
-        """ L2BD ND term - Add and Del hosts, verify ND replies
-        """
+        """L2BD ND term - Add and Del hosts, verify ND replies"""
         src_host6 = self.ip6_host(50, 50, "00:00:11:22:33:44")
         self.bd_add_del(1, is_add=1)
-        self.set_bd_flags(1, arp_term=True, flood=False,
-                          uu_flood=False, learn=False)
+        self.set_bd_flags(1, arp_term=True, flood=False, uu_flood=False, learn=False)
         macs = self.mac_list(range(10, 20))
         hosts6 = self.ip6_hosts(5, 1, macs)
         self.add_del_arp_term_hosts(hosts6, is_add=1, is_ipv6=1)
@@ -372,12 +376,10 @@ class TestL2bdArpTerm(VppTestCase):
         self.bd_add_del(1, is_add=0)
 
     def test_l2bd_arp_term_08(self):
-        """ L2BD ND term - Add and update IP+mac, verify ND replies
-        """
+        """L2BD ND term - Add and update IP+mac, verify ND replies"""
         src_host = self.ip6_host(50, 50, "00:00:11:22:33:44")
         self.bd_add_del(1, is_add=1)
-        self.set_bd_flags(1, arp_term=True, flood=False,
-                          uu_flood=False, learn=False)
+        self.set_bd_flags(1, arp_term=True, flood=False, uu_flood=False, learn=False)
         macs1 = self.mac_list(range(10, 20))
         hosts = self.ip6_hosts(5, 1, macs1)
         self.add_del_arp_term_hosts(hosts, is_add=1, is_ipv6=1)
@@ -389,12 +391,10 @@ class TestL2bdArpTerm(VppTestCase):
         self.bd_add_del(1, is_add=0)
 
     def test_l2bd_arp_term_09(self):
-        """ L2BD arp term - send garps, verify arp event reports
-        """
+        """L2BD arp term - send garps, verify arp event reports"""
         self.vapi.want_l2_arp_term_events(enable=1)
         self.bd_add_del(1, is_add=1)
-        self.set_bd_flags(1, arp_term=True, flood=False,
-                          uu_flood=False, learn=False)
+        self.set_bd_flags(1, arp_term=True, flood=False, uu_flood=False, learn=False)
         macs = self.mac_list(range(90, 95))
         hosts = self.ip4_hosts(5, 1, macs)
 
@@ -403,14 +403,14 @@ class TestL2bdArpTerm(VppTestCase):
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
-        evs = [self.vapi.wait_for_event(1, "l2_arp_term_event")
-               for i in range(len(hosts))]
+        evs = [
+            self.vapi.wait_for_event(1, "l2_arp_term_event") for i in range(len(hosts))
+        ]
         ev_hosts = self.arp_event_hosts(evs)
         self.assertEqual(len(ev_hosts ^ hosts), 0)
 
     def test_l2bd_arp_term_10(self):
-        """ L2BD arp term - send duplicate garps, verify suppression
-        """
+        """L2BD arp term - send duplicate garps, verify suppression"""
         macs = self.mac_list(range(70, 71))
         hosts = self.ip4_hosts(6, 1, macs)
 
@@ -421,14 +421,14 @@ class TestL2bdArpTerm(VppTestCase):
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
-        evs = [self.vapi.wait_for_event(1, "l2_arp_term_event")
-               for i in range(len(hosts))]
+        evs = [
+            self.vapi.wait_for_event(1, "l2_arp_term_event") for i in range(len(hosts))
+        ]
         ev_hosts = self.arp_event_hosts(evs)
         self.assertEqual(len(ev_hosts ^ hosts), 0)
 
     def test_l2bd_arp_term_11(self):
-        """ L2BD arp term - disable ip4 arp events,send garps, verify no events
-        """
+        """L2BD arp term - disable ip4 arp events,send garps, verify no events"""
         self.vapi.want_l2_arp_term_events(enable=0)
         macs = self.mac_list(range(90, 95))
         hosts = self.ip4_hosts(5, 1, macs)
@@ -443,13 +443,11 @@ class TestL2bdArpTerm(VppTestCase):
         self.bd_add_del(1, is_add=0)
 
     def test_l2bd_arp_term_12(self):
-        """ L2BD ND term - send NS packets verify reports
-        """
+        """L2BD ND term - send NS packets verify reports"""
         self.vapi.want_l2_arp_term_events(enable=1)
         dst_host = self.ip6_host(50, 50, "00:00:11:22:33:44")
         self.bd_add_del(1, is_add=1)
-        self.set_bd_flags(1, arp_term=True, flood=False,
-                          uu_flood=False, learn=False)
+        self.set_bd_flags(1, arp_term=True, flood=False, uu_flood=False, learn=False)
         macs = self.mac_list(range(10, 15))
         hosts = self.ip6_hosts(5, 1, macs)
         reqs = self.ns_reqs_dst(hosts, dst_host)
@@ -457,14 +455,14 @@ class TestL2bdArpTerm(VppTestCase):
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
-        evs = [self.vapi.wait_for_event(2, "l2_arp_term_event")
-               for i in range(len(hosts))]
+        evs = [
+            self.vapi.wait_for_event(2, "l2_arp_term_event") for i in range(len(hosts))
+        ]
         ev_hosts = self.nd_event_hosts(evs)
         self.assertEqual(len(ev_hosts ^ hosts), 0)
 
     def test_l2bd_arp_term_13(self):
-        """ L2BD ND term - send duplicate ns, verify suppression
-        """
+        """L2BD ND term - send duplicate ns, verify suppression"""
         dst_host = self.ip6_host(50, 50, "00:00:11:22:33:44")
         macs = self.mac_list(range(16, 17))
         hosts = self.ip6_hosts(5, 1, macs)
@@ -473,14 +471,14 @@ class TestL2bdArpTerm(VppTestCase):
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
-        evs = [self.vapi.wait_for_event(2, "l2_arp_term_event")
-               for i in range(len(hosts))]
+        evs = [
+            self.vapi.wait_for_event(2, "l2_arp_term_event") for i in range(len(hosts))
+        ]
         ev_hosts = self.nd_event_hosts(evs)
         self.assertEqual(len(ev_hosts ^ hosts), 0)
 
     def test_l2bd_arp_term_14(self):
-        """ L2BD ND term - disable ip4 arp events,send ns, verify no events
-        """
+        """L2BD ND term - disable ip4 arp events,send ns, verify no events"""
         self.vapi.want_l2_arp_term_events(enable=0)
         dst_host = self.ip6_host(50, 50, "00:00:11:22:33:44")
         macs = self.mac_list(range(10, 15))
@@ -495,5 +493,5 @@ class TestL2bdArpTerm(VppTestCase):
         self.bd_add_del(1, is_add=0)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_l2bd_learnlimit.py b/test/test_l2bd_learnlimit.py
index 91740590151..1ae25da2686 100644
--- a/test/test_l2bd_learnlimit.py
+++ b/test/test_l2bd_learnlimit.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ from util import Host, ppp
 
 
 class TestL2LearnLimit(VppTestCase):
-    """ L2 Learn no limit Test Case """
+    """L2 Learn no limit Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(self):
@@ -35,11 +35,15 @@ class TestL2LearnLimit(VppTestCase):
         hosts = dict()
         swif = pg_if.sw_if_index
 
-        def mac(j): return "00:00:%02x:ff:%02x:%02x" % (subnet, swif, j)
+        def mac(j):
+            return "00:00:%02x:ff:%02x:%02x" % (subnet, swif, j)
 
-        def ip(j): return "172.%02u.1%02x.%u" % (subnet, swif, j)
+        def ip(j):
+            return "172.%02u.1%02x.%u" % (subnet, swif, j)
+
+        def h(j):
+            return Host(mac(j), ip(j))
 
-        def h(j): return Host(mac(j), ip(j))
         hosts[swif] = [h(j) for j in range(n_hosts_per_if)]
 
         return hosts
@@ -56,15 +60,13 @@ class TestL2LearnLimit(VppTestCase):
         self.vapi.bridge_flags(bd_id=bd_id, is_set=1, flags=1)
 
         swif = pg_if.sw_if_index
-        packets = [Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=host.mac)
-                   for host in hosts[swif]]
+        packets = [Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=host.mac) for host in hosts[swif]]
         pg_if.add_stream(packets)
         self.logger.info("Sending broadcast eth frames for MAC learning")
         self.pg_start()
 
     def test_l2bd_learnlimit(self):
-        """ L2BD test without learn Limit
-        """
+        """L2BD test without learn Limit"""
         hosts = self.create_hosts(self.pg_interfaces[0], 20, 1)
         self.learn_hosts(self.pg_interfaces[0], 1, hosts)
         lfs = self.vapi.l2_fib_table_dump(1)
@@ -78,22 +80,20 @@ class TestL2LearnLimit(VppTestCase):
         self.vapi.bridge_domain_add_del(bd_id=1)
         self.vapi.bridge_domain_add_del(bd_id=2)
 
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            self.pg_interfaces[0].sw_if_index, bd_id=1)
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            self.pg_interfaces[1].sw_if_index, bd_id=2)
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(self.pg_interfaces[0].sw_if_index, bd_id=1)
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(self.pg_interfaces[1].sw_if_index, bd_id=2)
 
     def tearDown(self):
         super(TestL2LearnLimit, self).tearDown()
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg_interfaces[0].sw_if_index,
-            bd_id=1, enable=0)
+            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg_interfaces[0].sw_if_index, bd_id=1, enable=0
+        )
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg_interfaces[1].sw_if_index,
-            bd_id=2, enable=0)
+            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg_interfaces[1].sw_if_index, bd_id=2, enable=0
+        )
         self.vapi.bridge_domain_add_del(bd_id=1, is_add=0)
         self.vapi.bridge_domain_add_del(bd_id=2, is_add=0)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_l2bd_learnlimit_bdenabled.py b/test/test_l2bd_learnlimit_bdenabled.py
index 63dc5d10542..0578cedbe4a 100644
--- a/test/test_l2bd_learnlimit_bdenabled.py
+++ b/test/test_l2bd_learnlimit_bdenabled.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ from util import Host, ppp
 
 
 class TestL2LearnLimitBdEnable(VppTestCase):
-    """ L2 Bridge Domain Learn limit Test Case """
+    """L2 Bridge Domain Learn limit Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(self):
@@ -35,11 +35,15 @@ class TestL2LearnLimitBdEnable(VppTestCase):
         hosts = dict()
         swif = pg_if.sw_if_index
 
-        def mac(j): return "00:00:%02x:ff:%02x:%02x" % (subnet, swif, j)
+        def mac(j):
+            return "00:00:%02x:ff:%02x:%02x" % (subnet, swif, j)
 
-        def ip(j): return "172.%02u.1%02x.%u" % (subnet, swif, j)
+        def ip(j):
+            return "172.%02u.1%02x.%u" % (subnet, swif, j)
+
+        def h(j):
+            return Host(mac(j), ip(j))
 
-        def h(j): return Host(mac(j), ip(j))
         hosts[swif] = [h(j) for j in range(n_hosts_per_if)]
 
         return hosts
@@ -56,20 +60,17 @@ class TestL2LearnLimitBdEnable(VppTestCase):
         self.vapi.bridge_flags(bd_id=bd_id, is_set=1, flags=1)
 
         swif = pg_if.sw_if_index
-        packets = [Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=host.mac)
-                   for host in hosts[swif]]
+        packets = [Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=host.mac) for host in hosts[swif]]
         pg_if.add_stream(packets)
         self.logger.info("Sending broadcast eth frames for MAC learning")
         self.pg_start()
 
     def test_l2bd_learnlimit(self):
-        """ L2BD test with bridge domain limit
-        """
+        """L2BD test with bridge domain limit"""
         self.vapi.want_l2_macs_events(enable_disable=1, learn_limit=1000)
         self.vapi.bridge_domain_set_default_learn_limit(4)
         self.vapi.bridge_domain_add_del(bd_id=3)
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            self.pg_interfaces[2].sw_if_index, bd_id=3)
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(self.pg_interfaces[2].sw_if_index, bd_id=3)
 
         self.vapi.bridge_domain_set_learn_limit(2, 5)
 
@@ -92,8 +93,8 @@ class TestL2LearnLimitBdEnable(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(len(lfs2), 4)
 
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg_interfaces[2].sw_if_index,
-            bd_id=3, enable=0)
+            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg_interfaces[2].sw_if_index, bd_id=3, enable=0
+        )
         self.vapi.bridge_domain_add_del(is_add=0, bd_id=3)
 
     def setUp(self):
@@ -102,22 +103,20 @@ class TestL2LearnLimitBdEnable(VppTestCase):
         self.vapi.bridge_domain_add_del(bd_id=1)
         self.vapi.bridge_domain_add_del(bd_id=2)
 
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            self.pg_interfaces[0].sw_if_index, bd_id=1)
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            self.pg_interfaces[1].sw_if_index, bd_id=2)
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(self.pg_interfaces[0].sw_if_index, bd_id=1)
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(self.pg_interfaces[1].sw_if_index, bd_id=2)
 
     def tearDown(self):
         super(TestL2LearnLimitBdEnable, self).tearDown()
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg_interfaces[0].sw_if_index,
-            bd_id=1, enable=0)
+            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg_interfaces[0].sw_if_index, bd_id=1, enable=0
+        )
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg_interfaces[1].sw_if_index,
-            bd_id=2, enable=0)
+            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg_interfaces[1].sw_if_index, bd_id=2, enable=0
+        )
         self.vapi.bridge_domain_add_del(bd_id=1, is_add=0)
         self.vapi.bridge_domain_add_del(bd_id=2, is_add=0)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_l2bd_learnlimit_enabled.py b/test/test_l2bd_learnlimit_enabled.py
index 5fcd54cb8f2..8bb3b4029b0 100644
--- a/test/test_l2bd_learnlimit_enabled.py
+++ b/test/test_l2bd_learnlimit_enabled.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ from util import Host, ppp
 
 
 class TestL2LearnLimitEnable(VppTestCase):
-    """ L2 Global Learn limit Test Case """
+    """L2 Global Learn limit Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(self):
@@ -35,11 +35,15 @@ class TestL2LearnLimitEnable(VppTestCase):
         hosts = dict()
         swif = pg_if.sw_if_index
 
-        def mac(j): return "00:00:%02x:ff:%02x:%02x" % (subnet, swif, j)
+        def mac(j):
+            return "00:00:%02x:ff:%02x:%02x" % (subnet, swif, j)
 
-        def ip(j): return "172.%02u.1%02x.%u" % (subnet, swif, j)
+        def ip(j):
+            return "172.%02u.1%02x.%u" % (subnet, swif, j)
+
+        def h(j):
+            return Host(mac(j), ip(j))
 
-        def h(j): return Host(mac(j), ip(j))
         hosts[swif] = [h(j) for j in range(n_hosts_per_if)]
 
         return hosts
@@ -56,15 +60,13 @@ class TestL2LearnLimitEnable(VppTestCase):
         self.vapi.bridge_flags(bd_id=bd_id, is_set=1, flags=1)
 
         swif = pg_if.sw_if_index
-        packets = [Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=host.mac)
-                   for host in hosts[swif]]
+        packets = [Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=host.mac) for host in hosts[swif]]
         pg_if.add_stream(packets)
         self.logger.info("Sending broadcast eth frames for MAC learning")
         self.pg_start()
 
     def test_l2bd_learnlimit01(self):
-        """ L2BD test with learn Limit
-        """
+        """L2BD test with learn Limit"""
         self.vapi.want_l2_macs_events(enable_disable=1, learn_limit=10)
         hosts = self.create_hosts(self.pg_interfaces[0], 20, 1)
         fhosts = self.create_hosts(self.pg_interfaces[1], 1, 2)
@@ -90,22 +92,20 @@ class TestL2LearnLimitEnable(VppTestCase):
         self.vapi.bridge_domain_add_del(bd_id=1)
         self.vapi.bridge_domain_add_del(bd_id=2)
 
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            self.pg_interfaces[0].sw_if_index, bd_id=1)
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            self.pg_interfaces[1].sw_if_index, bd_id=2)
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(self.pg_interfaces[0].sw_if_index, bd_id=1)
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(self.pg_interfaces[1].sw_if_index, bd_id=2)
 
     def tearDown(self):
         super(TestL2LearnLimitEnable, self).tearDown()
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg_interfaces[0].sw_if_index,
-            bd_id=1, enable=0)
+            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg_interfaces[0].sw_if_index, bd_id=1, enable=0
+        )
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg_interfaces[1].sw_if_index,
-            bd_id=2, enable=0)
+            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg_interfaces[1].sw_if_index, bd_id=2, enable=0
+        )
         self.vapi.bridge_domain_add_del(bd_id=1, is_add=0)
         self.vapi.bridge_domain_add_del(bd_id=2, is_add=0)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_l2bd_multi_instance.py b/test/test_l2bd_multi_instance.py
index c4692d686b0..1266afcb690 100644
--- a/test/test_l2bd_multi_instance.py
+++ b/test/test_l2bd_multi_instance.py
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ from util import Host, ppp
 
 
 class TestL2bdMultiInst(VppTestCase):
-    """ L2BD Multi-instance Test Case """
+    """L2BD Multi-instance Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -98,9 +98,9 @@ class TestL2bdMultiInst(VppTestCase):
                 bd_ifs = cls.bd_if_range(b + 1)
                 for j in bd_ifs:
                     cls.flows[cls.pg_interfaces[j]] = [
-                        cls.pg_interfaces[x] for x in bd_ifs if x != j]
-                    assert(
-                        len(cls.flows[cls.pg_interfaces[j]]) == ifs_per_bd - 1)
+                        cls.pg_interfaces[x] for x in bd_ifs if x != j
+                    ]
+                    assert len(cls.flows[cls.pg_interfaces[j]]) == ifs_per_bd - 1
 
             # Mapping between packet-generator index and lists of test hosts
             cls.hosts_by_pg_idx = dict()
@@ -158,12 +158,16 @@ class TestL2bdMultiInst(VppTestCase):
                                  addresses for.
         """
         c = hosts_per_if
-        assert(not cls.hosts_by_pg_idx)
+        assert not cls.hosts_by_pg_idx
         for i in range(len(cls.pg_interfaces)):
             pg_idx = cls.pg_interfaces[i].sw_if_index
-            cls.hosts_by_pg_idx[pg_idx] = [Host(
-                "00:00:00:ff:%02x:%02x" % (pg_idx, j + 1),
-                "172.17.1%02u.%u" % (pg_idx, j + 1)) for j in range(c)]
+            cls.hosts_by_pg_idx[pg_idx] = [
+                Host(
+                    "00:00:00:ff:%02x:%02x" % (pg_idx, j + 1),
+                    "172.17.1%02u.%u" % (pg_idx, j + 1),
+                )
+                for j in range(c)
+            ]
 
     @classmethod
     def bd_if_range(cls, b):
@@ -191,13 +195,16 @@ class TestL2bdMultiInst(VppTestCase):
             for j in self.bd_if_range(b):
                 pg_if = self.pg_interfaces[j]
                 self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-                    rx_sw_if_index=pg_if.sw_if_index, bd_id=b)
-                self.logger.info("pg-interface %s added to bridge domain ID %d"
-                                 % (pg_if.name, b))
+                    rx_sw_if_index=pg_if.sw_if_index, bd_id=b
+                )
+                self.logger.info(
+                    "pg-interface %s added to bridge domain ID %d" % (pg_if.name, b)
+                )
                 self.pg_in_bd.append(pg_if)
                 hosts = self.hosts_by_pg_idx[pg_if.sw_if_index]
-                packets = [Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=host.mac)
-                           for host in hosts]
+                packets = [
+                    Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=host.mac) for host in hosts
+                ]
                 pg_if.add_stream(packets)
         self.logger.info("Sending broadcast eth frames for MAC learning")
         self.pg_start()
@@ -216,7 +223,8 @@ class TestL2bdMultiInst(VppTestCase):
             for j in self.bd_if_range(b):
                 pg_if = self.pg_interfaces[j]
                 self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-                    rx_sw_if_index=pg_if.sw_if_index, bd_id=b, enable=0)
+                    rx_sw_if_index=pg_if.sw_if_index, bd_id=b, enable=0
+                )
                 self.pg_in_bd.remove(pg_if)
             self.vapi.bridge_domain_add_del(bd_id=b, is_add=0)
             self.bd_list.remove(b)
@@ -240,16 +248,20 @@ class TestL2bdMultiInst(VppTestCase):
                 pkt_info = self.create_packet_info(src_if, dst_if)
                 payload = self.info_to_payload(pkt_info)
                 src_host = random.choice(src_hosts)
-                p = (Ether(dst=dst_host.mac, src=src_host.mac) /
-                     IP(src=src_host.ip4, dst=dst_host.ip4) /
-                     UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                     Raw(payload))
+                p = (
+                    Ether(dst=dst_host.mac, src=src_host.mac)
+                    / IP(src=src_host.ip4, dst=dst_host.ip4)
+                    / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                    / Raw(payload)
+                )
                 pkt_info.data = p.copy()
                 size = random.choice(packet_sizes)
                 self.extend_packet(p, size)
                 pkts.append(p)
-        self.logger.debug("Input stream created for port %s. Length: %u pkt(s)"
-                          % (src_if.name, len(pkts)))
+        self.logger.debug(
+            "Input stream created for port %s. Length: %u pkt(s)"
+            % (src_if.name, len(pkts))
+        )
         return pkts
 
     def verify_capture(self, dst_if):
@@ -268,10 +280,13 @@ class TestL2bdMultiInst(VppTestCase):
                 udp = packet[UDP]
                 info = self.payload_to_info(packet[Raw])
                 self.assertEqual(info.dst, dst)
-                self.logger.debug("Got packet on port %s: src=%u (id=%u)" %
-                                  (dst_if.name, info.src, info.index))
+                self.logger.debug(
+                    "Got packet on port %s: src=%u (id=%u)"
+                    % (dst_if.name, info.src, info.index)
+                )
                 last_info[info.src] = self.get_next_packet_info_for_interface2(
-                    info.src, dst, last_info[info.src])
+                    info.src, dst, last_info[info.src]
+                )
                 pkt_info = last_info[info.src]
                 self.assertTrue(pkt_info is not None)
                 self.assertEqual(info.index, pkt_info.index)
@@ -288,10 +303,13 @@ class TestL2bdMultiInst(VppTestCase):
         remaining = 0
         for src in self.flows[dst_if]:
             remaining_packet = self.get_next_packet_info_for_interface2(
-                src.sw_if_index, dst, last_info[src.sw_if_index])
+                src.sw_if_index, dst, last_info[src.sw_if_index]
+            )
             if remaining_packet is None:
-                s += "Port %u: Packet expected from source %u didn't arrive\n"\
-                     % (dst, src.sw_if_index)
+                s += "Port %u: Packet expected from source %u didn't arrive\n" % (
+                    dst,
+                    src.sw_if_index,
+                )
                 remaining += 1
             self.assertNotEqual(0, remaining, s)
 
@@ -319,8 +337,7 @@ class TestL2bdMultiInst(VppTestCase):
             else:
                 raise ValueError("Unknown feature used: %s" % flag)
             is_set = 1 if args[flag] else 0
-            self.vapi.bridge_flags(bd_id=bd_id, is_set=is_set,
-                                   flags=feature_bitmap)
+            self.vapi.bridge_flags(bd_id=bd_id, is_set=is_set, flags=feature_bitmap)
         self.logger.info("Bridge domain ID %d updated" % bd_id)
 
     def verify_bd(self, bd_id, **args):
@@ -376,7 +393,7 @@ class TestL2bdMultiInst(VppTestCase):
         # Test
         # Create incoming packet streams for packet-generator interfaces
         # for pg_if in self.pg_interfaces:
-        assert(len(self._packet_count_for_dst_if_idx) == 0)
+        assert len(self._packet_count_for_dst_if_idx) == 0
         for pg_if in self.pg_in_bd:
             pkts = self.create_stream(pg_if)
             pg_if.add_stream(pkts)
@@ -391,8 +408,7 @@ class TestL2bdMultiInst(VppTestCase):
             self.verify_capture(pg_if)
 
     def test_l2bd_inst_01(self):
-        """ L2BD Multi-instance test 1 - create 5 BDs
-        """
+        """L2BD Multi-instance test 1 - create 5 BDs"""
         # Config 1
         # Create 5 BDs, put interfaces to these BDs and send MAC learning
         # packets
@@ -408,13 +424,13 @@ class TestL2bdMultiInst(VppTestCase):
         self.delete_bd(5)
 
     def test_l2bd_inst_02(self):
-        """ L2BD Multi-instance test 2 - update data of 5 BDs
-        """
+        """L2BD Multi-instance test 2 - update data of 5 BDs"""
         # Config 2
         # Update data of 5 BDs (disable learn, forward, flood, uu-flood)
         self.create_bd_and_mac_learn(5)
-        self.set_bd_flags(self.bd_list[0], learn=False, forward=False,
-                          flood=False, uu_flood=False)
+        self.set_bd_flags(
+            self.bd_list[0], learn=False, forward=False, flood=False, uu_flood=False
+        )
         self.set_bd_flags(self.bd_list[1], forward=False)
         self.set_bd_flags(self.bd_list[2], flood=False)
         self.set_bd_flags(self.bd_list[3], uu_flood=False)
@@ -423,21 +439,25 @@ class TestL2bdMultiInst(VppTestCase):
         # Verify 2
         # Skipping check of uu_flood as it is not returned by
         # bridge_domain_dump api command
-        self.verify_bd(self.bd_list[0], learn=False, forward=False,
-                       flood=False, uu_flood=False)
-        self.verify_bd(self.bd_list[1], learn=True, forward=False,
-                       flood=True, uu_flood=True)
-        self.verify_bd(self.bd_list[2], learn=True, forward=True,
-                       flood=False, uu_flood=True)
-        self.verify_bd(self.bd_list[3], learn=True, forward=True,
-                       flood=True, uu_flood=False)
-        self.verify_bd(self.bd_list[4], learn=False, forward=True,
-                       flood=True, uu_flood=True)
+        self.verify_bd(
+            self.bd_list[0], learn=False, forward=False, flood=False, uu_flood=False
+        )
+        self.verify_bd(
+            self.bd_list[1], learn=True, forward=False, flood=True, uu_flood=True
+        )
+        self.verify_bd(
+            self.bd_list[2], learn=True, forward=True, flood=False, uu_flood=True
+        )
+        self.verify_bd(
+            self.bd_list[3], learn=True, forward=True, flood=True, uu_flood=False
+        )
+        self.verify_bd(
+            self.bd_list[4], learn=False, forward=True, flood=True, uu_flood=True
+        )
         self.delete_bd(5)
 
     def test_l2bd_inst_03(self):
-        """ L2BD Multi-instance test 3 - delete 2 BDs
-        """
+        """L2BD Multi-instance test 3 - delete 2 BDs"""
         # Config 3
         # Delete 2 BDs
         self.create_bd_and_mac_learn(5)
@@ -454,8 +474,7 @@ class TestL2bdMultiInst(VppTestCase):
         self.delete_bd(3, 3)
 
     def test_l2bd_inst_04(self):
-        """ L2BD Multi-instance test 4 - add 2 BDs
-        """
+        """L2BD Multi-instance test 4 - add 2 BDs"""
         # Config 4
         # Create 5 BDs, put interfaces to these BDs and send MAC learning
         # packets
@@ -471,8 +490,7 @@ class TestL2bdMultiInst(VppTestCase):
         self.delete_bd(2)
 
     def test_l2bd_inst_05(self):
-        """ L2BD Multi-instance test 5 - delete 5 BDs
-        """
+        """L2BD Multi-instance test 5 - delete 5 BDs"""
         # Config 5
         # Delete 5 BDs
         self.create_bd_and_mac_learn(5)
@@ -485,5 +503,5 @@ class TestL2bdMultiInst(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(self.verify_bd(bd_id), 1)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_l2tp.py b/test/test_l2tp.py
index 5a665238260..13fa02ecc2c 100644
--- a/test/test_l2tp.py
+++ b/test/test_l2tp.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ from framework import VppTestCase
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 class TestL2tp(VppTestCase):
-    """ L2TP Test Case """
+    """L2TP Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -22,28 +22,32 @@ class TestL2tp(VppTestCase):
         cls.pg0.config_ip6()
 
     def test_l2tp_decap_local(self):
-        """ L2TP don't accept packets unless configured """
+        """L2TP don't accept packets unless configured"""
 
-        pkt = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-               IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6, nh=115))
+        pkt = Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) / IPv6(
+            src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6, nh=115
+        )
 
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkt)
         self.pg_start()
 
         # l2tp should not accept packets
         err = self.statistics.get_counter(
-            '/err/l2tp-decap-local/l2tpv3 session not found')[0]
+            "/err/l2tp-decap-local/l2tpv3 session not found"
+        )[0]
         self.assertEqual(err, 0)
         err_count = err
 
-        self.vapi.l2tpv3_create_tunnel(client_address=self.pg0.local_ip6,
-                                       our_address=self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+        self.vapi.l2tpv3_create_tunnel(
+            client_address=self.pg0.local_ip6, our_address=self.pg0.remote_ip6
+        )
 
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkt)
         self.pg_start()
 
         # l2tp accepts packets
         err = self.statistics.get_counter(
-            '/err/l2tp-decap-local/l2tpv3 session not found')[0]
+            "/err/l2tp-decap-local/l2tpv3 session not found"
+        )[0]
         self.assertEqual(err, 1)
         err_count = err
diff --git a/test/test_l2xc.py b/test/test_l2xc.py
index bc653f0b4fb..eba349a2a0f 100644
--- a/test/test_l2xc.py
+++ b/test/test_l2xc.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ from util import Host, ppp
 
 
 class TestL2xc(VppTestCase):
-    """ L2XC Test Case """
+    """L2XC Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -52,15 +52,19 @@ class TestL2xc(VppTestCase):
 
             # Create bi-directional cross-connects between pg0 and pg1
             cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_xconnect(
-                cls.pg0.sw_if_index, cls.pg1.sw_if_index, enable=1)
+                cls.pg0.sw_if_index, cls.pg1.sw_if_index, enable=1
+            )
             cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_xconnect(
-                cls.pg1.sw_if_index, cls.pg0.sw_if_index, enable=1)
+                cls.pg1.sw_if_index, cls.pg0.sw_if_index, enable=1
+            )
 
             # Create bi-directional cross-connects between pg2 and pg3
             cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_xconnect(
-                cls.pg2.sw_if_index, cls.pg3.sw_if_index, enable=1)
+                cls.pg2.sw_if_index, cls.pg3.sw_if_index, enable=1
+            )
             cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_xconnect(
-                cls.pg3.sw_if_index, cls.pg2.sw_if_index, enable=1)
+                cls.pg3.sw_if_index, cls.pg2.sw_if_index, enable=1
+            )
 
             # mapping between packet-generator index and lists of test hosts
             cls.hosts_by_pg_idx = dict()
@@ -108,7 +112,8 @@ class TestL2xc(VppTestCase):
             for j in range(0, count):
                 host = Host(
                     "00:00:00:ff:%02x:%02x" % (pg_if.sw_if_index, j),
-                    "172.17.1%02x.%u" % (pg_if.sw_if_index, j))
+                    "172.17.1%02x.%u" % (pg_if.sw_if_index, j),
+                )
                 hosts.append(host)
 
     def create_stream(self, src_if, packet_sizes, packets_per_burst):
@@ -127,10 +132,12 @@ class TestL2xc(VppTestCase):
             src_host = random.choice(self.hosts_by_pg_idx[src_if.sw_if_index])
             pkt_info = self.create_packet_info(src_if, dst_if)
             payload = self.info_to_payload(pkt_info)
-            p = (Ether(dst=dst_host.mac, src=src_host.mac) /
-                 IP(src=src_host.ip4, dst=dst_host.ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(payload))
+            p = (
+                Ether(dst=dst_host.mac, src=src_host.mac)
+                / IP(src=src_host.ip4, dst=dst_host.ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(payload)
+            )
             pkt_info.data = p.copy()
             size = random.choice(packet_sizes)
             self.extend_packet(p, size)
@@ -155,11 +162,13 @@ class TestL2xc(VppTestCase):
                 payload_info = self.payload_to_info(packet[Raw])
                 packet_index = payload_info.index
                 self.assertEqual(payload_info.dst, dst_sw_if_index)
-                self.logger.debug("Got packet on port %s: src=%u (id=%u)" %
-                                  (pg_if.name, payload_info.src, packet_index))
+                self.logger.debug(
+                    "Got packet on port %s: src=%u (id=%u)"
+                    % (pg_if.name, payload_info.src, packet_index)
+                )
                 next_info = self.get_next_packet_info_for_interface2(
-                    payload_info.src, dst_sw_if_index,
-                    last_info[payload_info.src])
+                    payload_info.src, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[payload_info.src]
+                )
                 last_info[payload_info.src] = next_info
                 self.assertTrue(next_info is not None)
                 self.assertEqual(packet_index, next_info.index)
@@ -174,18 +183,20 @@ class TestL2xc(VppTestCase):
                 raise
         for i in self.interfaces:
             remaining_packet = self.get_next_packet_info_for_interface2(
-                i, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[i.sw_if_index])
-            self.assertTrue(remaining_packet is None,
-                            "Port %u: Packet expected from source %u didn't"
-                            " arrive" % (dst_sw_if_index, i.sw_if_index))
+                i, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[i.sw_if_index]
+            )
+            self.assertTrue(
+                remaining_packet is None,
+                "Port %u: Packet expected from source %u didn't"
+                " arrive" % (dst_sw_if_index, i.sw_if_index),
+            )
 
     def run_l2xc_test(self, pkts_per_burst):
-        """ L2XC test """
+        """L2XC test"""
 
         # Create incoming packet streams for packet-generator interfaces
         for i in self.interfaces:
-            pkts = self.create_stream(i, self.pg_if_packet_sizes,
-                                      pkts_per_burst)
+            pkts = self.create_stream(i, self.pg_if_packet_sizes, pkts_per_burst)
             i.add_stream(pkts)
 
         # Enable packet capturing and start packet sending
@@ -199,7 +210,7 @@ class TestL2xc(VppTestCase):
             self.verify_capture(i, capture)
 
     def test_l2xc_sl(self):
-        """ L2XC single-loop test
+        """L2XC single-loop test
 
         Test scenario:
             1. config
@@ -213,7 +224,7 @@ class TestL2xc(VppTestCase):
         self.run_l2xc_test(self.sl_pkts_per_burst)
 
     def test_l2xc_dl(self):
-        """ L2XC dual-loop test
+        """L2XC dual-loop test
 
         Test scenario:
             1. config
@@ -227,5 +238,5 @@ class TestL2xc(VppTestCase):
         self.run_l2xc_test(self.dl_pkts_per_burst)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_l2xc_multi_instance.py b/test/test_l2xc_multi_instance.py
index 2a6e41c8791..801951657af 100644
--- a/test/test_l2xc_multi_instance.py
+++ b/test/test_l2xc_multi_instance.py
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ from util import Host, ppp
 
 
 class TestL2xcMultiInst(VppTestCase):
-    """ L2XC Multi-instance Test Case """
+    """L2XC Multi-instance Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -82,8 +82,7 @@ class TestL2xcMultiInst(VppTestCase):
             cls.flows = dict()
             for i in range(len(cls.pg_interfaces)):
                 delta = 1 if i % 2 == 0 else -1
-                cls.flows[cls.pg_interfaces[i]] =\
-                    [cls.pg_interfaces[i + delta]]
+                cls.flows[cls.pg_interfaces[i]] = [cls.pg_interfaces[i + delta]]
 
             # Mapping between packet-generator index and lists of test hosts
             cls.hosts_by_pg_idx = dict()
@@ -151,7 +150,8 @@ class TestL2xcMultiInst(VppTestCase):
             for j in range(start_nr, end_nr):
                 host = Host(
                     "00:00:00:ff:%02x:%02x" % (pg_if.sw_if_index, j),
-                    "172.17.1%02u.%u" % (pg_if.sw_if_index, j))
+                    "172.17.1%02u.%u" % (pg_if.sw_if_index, j),
+                )
                 hosts.append(host)
 
     def create_xconnects(self, count, start=0):
@@ -167,10 +167,12 @@ class TestL2xcMultiInst(VppTestCase):
             rx_if = self.pg_interfaces[i + start]
             delta = 1 if i % 2 == 0 else -1
             tx_if = self.pg_interfaces[i + start + delta]
-            self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_xconnect(rx_if.sw_if_index,
-                                                   tx_if.sw_if_index, 1)
-            self.logger.info("Cross-connect from %s to %s created"
-                             % (tx_if.name, rx_if.name))
+            self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_xconnect(
+                rx_if.sw_if_index, tx_if.sw_if_index, 1
+            )
+            self.logger.info(
+                "Cross-connect from %s to %s created" % (tx_if.name, rx_if.name)
+            )
             if self.pg_in_xc.count(rx_if) == 0:
                 self.pg_in_xc.append(rx_if)
             if self.pg_not_in_xc.count(rx_if) == 1:
@@ -189,10 +191,12 @@ class TestL2xcMultiInst(VppTestCase):
             rx_if = self.pg_interfaces[i + start]
             delta = 1 if i % 2 == 0 else -1
             tx_if = self.pg_interfaces[i + start + delta]
-            self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_xconnect(rx_if.sw_if_index,
-                                                   tx_if.sw_if_index, 0)
-            self.logger.info("Cross-connect from %s to %s deleted"
-                             % (tx_if.name, rx_if.name))
+            self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_xconnect(
+                rx_if.sw_if_index, tx_if.sw_if_index, 0
+            )
+            self.logger.info(
+                "Cross-connect from %s to %s deleted" % (tx_if.name, rx_if.name)
+            )
             if self.pg_not_in_xc.count(rx_if) == 0:
                 self.pg_not_in_xc.append(rx_if)
             if self.pg_in_xc.count(rx_if) == 1:
@@ -216,16 +220,20 @@ class TestL2xcMultiInst(VppTestCase):
                 src_host = random.choice(src_hosts)
                 pkt_info = self.create_packet_info(src_if, dst_if)
                 payload = self.info_to_payload(pkt_info)
-                p = (Ether(dst=dst_host.mac, src=src_host.mac) /
-                     IP(src=src_host.ip4, dst=dst_host.ip4) /
-                     UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                     Raw(payload))
+                p = (
+                    Ether(dst=dst_host.mac, src=src_host.mac)
+                    / IP(src=src_host.ip4, dst=dst_host.ip4)
+                    / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                    / Raw(payload)
+                )
                 pkt_info.data = p.copy()
                 size = random.choice(packet_sizes)
                 self.extend_packet(p, size)
                 pkts.append(p)
-        self.logger.debug("Input stream created for port %s. Length: %u pkt(s)"
-                          % (src_if.name, len(pkts)))
+        self.logger.debug(
+            "Input stream created for port %s. Length: %u pkt(s)"
+            % (src_if.name, len(pkts))
+        )
         return pkts
 
     def verify_capture(self, pg_if, capture):
@@ -246,11 +254,13 @@ class TestL2xcMultiInst(VppTestCase):
                 udp = packet[UDP]
                 packet_index = payload_info.index
                 self.assertEqual(payload_info.dst, dst_sw_if_index)
-                self.logger.debug("Got packet on port %s: src=%u (id=%u)" %
-                                  (pg_if.name, payload_info.src, packet_index))
+                self.logger.debug(
+                    "Got packet on port %s: src=%u (id=%u)"
+                    % (pg_if.name, payload_info.src, packet_index)
+                )
                 next_info = self.get_next_packet_info_for_interface2(
-                    payload_info.src, dst_sw_if_index,
-                    last_info[payload_info.src])
+                    payload_info.src, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[payload_info.src]
+                )
                 last_info[payload_info.src] = next_info
                 self.assertTrue(next_info is not None)
                 self.assertEqual(packet_index, next_info.index)
@@ -265,11 +275,13 @@ class TestL2xcMultiInst(VppTestCase):
                 raise
         for i in self.pg_interfaces:
             remaining_packet = self.get_next_packet_info_for_interface2(
-                i, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[i.sw_if_index])
+                i, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[i.sw_if_index]
+            )
             self.assertTrue(
                 remaining_packet is None,
-                "Port %u: Packet expected from source %u didn't arrive" %
-                (dst_sw_if_index, i.sw_if_index))
+                "Port %u: Packet expected from source %u didn't arrive"
+                % (dst_sw_if_index, i.sw_if_index),
+            )
 
     def run_verify_test(self):
         """
@@ -299,18 +311,17 @@ class TestL2xcMultiInst(VppTestCase):
         # Verify outgoing packet streams per packet-generator interface
         for pg_if in self.pg_interfaces:
             if pg_if in self.pg_in_xc:
-                capture = pg_if.get_capture(
-                    remark="interface is a cross-connect sink")
+                capture = pg_if.get_capture(remark="interface is a cross-connect sink")
                 self.verify_capture(pg_if, capture)
             elif pg_if in self.pg_not_in_xc:
                 pg_if.assert_nothing_captured(
-                    remark="interface is not a cross-connect sink")
+                    remark="interface is not a cross-connect sink"
+                )
             else:
                 raise Exception("Unexpected interface: %s" % pg_if.name)
 
     def test_l2xc_inst_01(self):
-        """ L2XC Multi-instance test 1 - create 10 cross-connects
-        """
+        """L2XC Multi-instance test 1 - create 10 cross-connects"""
         # Config 1
         # Create 10 cross-connects
         self.create_xconnects(10)
@@ -319,8 +330,7 @@ class TestL2xcMultiInst(VppTestCase):
         self.run_verify_test()
 
     def test_l2xc_inst_02(self):
-        """ L2XC Multi-instance test 2 - delete 4 cross-connects
-        """
+        """L2XC Multi-instance test 2 - delete 4 cross-connects"""
         # Config 2
         # Delete 4 cross-connects
         self.delete_xconnects(4)
@@ -329,8 +339,7 @@ class TestL2xcMultiInst(VppTestCase):
         self.run_verify_test()
 
     def test_l2xc_inst_03(self):
-        """ L2BD Multi-instance 3 - add new 4 cross-connects
-        """
+        """L2BD Multi-instance 3 - add new 4 cross-connects"""
         # Config 3
         # Add new 4 cross-connects
         self.create_xconnects(4, start=10)
@@ -339,8 +348,7 @@ class TestL2xcMultiInst(VppTestCase):
         self.run_verify_test()
 
     def test_l2xc_inst_04(self):
-        """ L2XC Multi-instance test 4 - delete 10 cross-connects
-        """
+        """L2XC Multi-instance test 4 - delete 10 cross-connects"""
         # Config 4
         # Delete 10 cross-connects
         self.delete_xconnects(10, start=4)
@@ -349,5 +357,5 @@ class TestL2xcMultiInst(VppTestCase):
         self.run_verify_test()
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_l3xc.py b/test/test_l3xc.py
index 2bcb6d5ae23..66eb242ff52 100644
--- a/test/test_l3xc.py
+++ b/test/test_l3xc.py
@@ -28,8 +28,7 @@ def find_l3xc(test, sw_if_index, dump_sw_if_index=None):
 
 
 class VppL3xc(VppObject):
-
-    def __init__(self,  test, intf, paths, is_ip6=False):
+    def __init__(self, test, intf, paths, is_ip6=False):
         self._test = test
         self.intf = intf
         self.is_ip6 = is_ip6
@@ -41,27 +40,26 @@ class VppL3xc(VppObject):
     def add_vpp_config(self):
         self._test.vapi.l3xc_update(
             l3xc={
-                'is_ip6': self.is_ip6,
-                'sw_if_index': self.intf.sw_if_index,
-                'n_paths': len(self.paths),
-                'paths': self.encoded_paths
-            })
+                "is_ip6": self.is_ip6,
+                "sw_if_index": self.intf.sw_if_index,
+                "n_paths": len(self.paths),
+                "paths": self.encoded_paths,
+            }
+        )
         self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
-        self._test.vapi.l3xc_del(
-            is_ip6=self.is_ip6,
-            sw_if_index=self.intf.sw_if_index)
+        self._test.vapi.l3xc_del(is_ip6=self.is_ip6, sw_if_index=self.intf.sw_if_index)
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
         return find_l3xc(self._test, self.intf.sw_if_index)
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return ("l3xc-%d" % self.intf.sw_if_index)
+        return "l3xc-%d" % self.intf.sw_if_index
 
 
 class TestL3xc(VppTestCase):
-    """ L3XC Test Case """
+    """L3XC Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -91,25 +89,27 @@ class TestL3xc(VppTestCase):
         super(TestL3xc, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_l3xc4(self):
-        """ IPv4 X-Connect """
+        """IPv4 X-Connect"""
 
         #
         # x-connect pg0 to pg1 and pg2 to pg3->5
         #
-        l3xc_1 = VppL3xc(self, self.pg0,
-                         [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                       self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
+        l3xc_1 = VppL3xc(
+            self, self.pg0, [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4, self.pg1.sw_if_index)]
+        )
         l3xc_1.add_vpp_config()
-        l3xc_2 = VppL3xc(self, self.pg2,
-                         [VppRoutePath(self.pg3.remote_ip4,
-                                       self.pg3.sw_if_index),
-                          VppRoutePath(self.pg4.remote_ip4,
-                                       self.pg4.sw_if_index),
-                          VppRoutePath(self.pg5.remote_ip4,
-                                       self.pg5.sw_if_index)])
+        l3xc_2 = VppL3xc(
+            self,
+            self.pg2,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(self.pg3.remote_ip4, self.pg3.sw_if_index),
+                VppRoutePath(self.pg4.remote_ip4, self.pg4.sw_if_index),
+                VppRoutePath(self.pg5.remote_ip4, self.pg5.sw_if_index),
+            ],
+        )
         l3xc_2.add_vpp_config()
 
-        self.assertTrue(find_l3xc(self, self.pg2.sw_if_index, 0xffffffff))
+        self.assertTrue(find_l3xc(self, self.pg2.sw_if_index, 0xFFFFFFFF))
 
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh l3xc"))
 
@@ -117,26 +117,29 @@ class TestL3xc(VppTestCase):
         # fire in packets. If it's forwarded then the L3XC was successful,
         # since default routing will drop it
         #
-        p_1 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                     dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-               IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="1.1.1.2") /
-               UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-               Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p_1 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="1.1.1.2")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
         # self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_1*NUM_PKTS, self.pg1)
 
         p_2 = []
         for ii in range(NUM_PKTS):
-            p_2.append(Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                             dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                       IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="1.1.1.2") /
-                       UDP(sport=1000 + ii, dport=1234) /
-                       Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-        self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(self.pg2, p_2,
-                                            [self.pg3, self.pg4, self.pg5])
+            p_2.append(
+                Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                / IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="1.1.1.2")
+                / UDP(sport=1000 + ii, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
+        self.send_and_expect_load_balancing(
+            self.pg2, p_2, [self.pg3, self.pg4, self.pg5]
+        )
 
         l3xc_2.remove_vpp_config()
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg2, p_2)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_lacp.py b/test/test_lacp.py
index b5f2dae2cd3..016e8de4d61 100644
--- a/test/test_lacp.py
+++ b/test/test_lacp.py
@@ -12,20 +12,18 @@ from vpp_bond_interface import VppBondInterface
 from vpp_papi import VppEnum, MACAddress
 
 bond_mac = "02:02:02:02:02:02"
-lacp_dst_mac = '01:80:c2:00:00:02'
+lacp_dst_mac = "01:80:c2:00:00:02"
 LACP_COLLECTION_AND_DISTRIBUTION_STATE = 63
 
 
 class TestMarker(VppTestCase):
-    """LACP Marker Protocol Test Case
-
-    """
+    """LACP Marker Protocol Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
         super().setUpClass()
         # Test variables
-        cls.pkts_per_burst = 257    # Number of packets per burst
+        cls.pkts_per_burst = 257  # Number of packets per burst
         # create 3 pg interfaces
         cls.create_pg_interfaces(range(1))
 
@@ -50,7 +48,7 @@ class TestMarker(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli("show interface"))
 
     def test_marker_request(self):
-        """ Marker Request test """
+        """Marker Request test"""
 
         # topology
         #
@@ -63,22 +61,21 @@ class TestMarker(VppTestCase):
         #             +-+      +-+
 
         socket1 = VppSocketFilename(
-            self,
-            socket_id=1,
-            socket_filename="%s/memif.sock1" % self.tempdir)
+            self, socket_id=1, socket_filename="%s/memif.sock1" % self.tempdir
+        )
         socket1.add_vpp_config()
 
         socket11 = VppSocketFilename(
-            self,
-            socket_id=2,
-            socket_filename="%s/memif.sock1" % self.tempdir)
+            self, socket_id=2, socket_filename="%s/memif.sock1" % self.tempdir
+        )
         socket11.add_vpp_config()
 
         memif1 = VppMemif(
             self,
             role=VppEnum.vl_api_memif_role_t.MEMIF_ROLE_API_MASTER,
             mode=VppEnum.vl_api_memif_mode_t.MEMIF_MODE_API_ETHERNET,
-            socket_id=1)
+            socket_id=1,
+        )
         memif1.add_vpp_config()
         memif1.admin_up()
 
@@ -86,7 +83,8 @@ class TestMarker(VppTestCase):
             self,
             role=VppEnum.vl_api_memif_role_t.MEMIF_ROLE_API_SLAVE,
             mode=VppEnum.vl_api_memif_mode_t.MEMIF_MODE_API_ETHERNET,
-            socket_id=2)
+            socket_id=2,
+        )
         memif11.add_vpp_config()
         memif11.admin_up()
 
@@ -94,14 +92,15 @@ class TestMarker(VppTestCase):
             self,
             mode=VppEnum.vl_api_bond_mode_t.BOND_API_MODE_LACP,
             use_custom_mac=1,
-            mac_address=bond_mac)
+            mac_address=bond_mac,
+        )
 
         bond0.add_vpp_config()
         bond0.admin_up()
 
         bond1 = VppBondInterface(
-            self,
-            mode=VppEnum.vl_api_bond_mode_t.BOND_API_MODE_LACP)
+            self, mode=VppEnum.vl_api_bond_mode_t.BOND_API_MODE_LACP
+        )
         bond1.add_vpp_config()
         bond1.admin_up()
 
@@ -113,26 +112,28 @@ class TestMarker(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(memif11.wait_for_link_up(10), True)
 
         # verify memif1 in bond0
-        intfs = self.vapi.sw_member_interface_dump(
-            sw_if_index=bond0.sw_if_index)
+        intfs = self.vapi.sw_member_interface_dump(sw_if_index=bond0.sw_if_index)
         for intf in intfs:
             self.assertEqual(intf.sw_if_index, memif1.sw_if_index)
 
         # verify memif11 in bond1
-        intfs = self.vapi.sw_member_interface_dump(
-            sw_if_index=bond1.sw_if_index)
+        intfs = self.vapi.sw_member_interface_dump(sw_if_index=bond1.sw_if_index)
         for intf in intfs:
             self.assertEqual(intf.sw_if_index, memif11.sw_if_index)
 
         self.vapi.ppcli("trace add memif-input 100")
 
         # create marker request
-        marker = (Ether(src=bond_mac, dst=lacp_dst_mac) /
-                  SlowProtocol() /
-                  MarkerProtocol(marker_type=1,
-                                 requester_port=1,
-                                 requester_system=bond_mac,
-                                 requester_transaction_id=1))
+        marker = (
+            Ether(src=bond_mac, dst=lacp_dst_mac)
+            / SlowProtocol()
+            / MarkerProtocol(
+                marker_type=1,
+                requester_port=1,
+                requester_system=bond_mac,
+                requester_transaction_id=1,
+            )
+        )
 
         bond1.add_member_vpp_bond_interface(sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index)
         self.pg0.add_stream(marker)
@@ -147,9 +148,7 @@ class TestMarker(VppTestCase):
 
 
 class TestLACP(VppTestCase):
-    """LACP Test Case
-
-    """
+    """LACP Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -173,12 +172,11 @@ class TestLACP(VppTestCase):
             intfs = self.vapi.sw_interface_lacp_dump()
             all_good = 1
             for intf in intfs:
-                if ((intf.actor_state !=
-                     LACP_COLLECTION_AND_DISTRIBUTION_STATE) or
-                    (intf.partner_state !=
-                     LACP_COLLECTION_AND_DISTRIBUTION_STATE)):
+                if (intf.actor_state != LACP_COLLECTION_AND_DISTRIBUTION_STATE) or (
+                    intf.partner_state != LACP_COLLECTION_AND_DISTRIBUTION_STATE
+                ):
                     all_good = 0
-            if (all_good == 1):
+            if all_good == 1:
                 return 1
             self.sleep(step)
             timeout -= step
@@ -187,20 +185,18 @@ class TestLACP(VppTestCase):
 
     def wait_for_member_detach(self, bond, timeout, count, step=1):
         while 1:
-            intfs = self.vapi.sw_bond_interface_dump(
-                sw_if_index=bond.sw_if_index)
+            intfs = self.vapi.sw_bond_interface_dump(sw_if_index=bond.sw_if_index)
             for intf in intfs:
-                if ((intf.members == count) and
-                        (intf.active_members == count)):
+                if (intf.members == count) and (intf.active_members == count):
                     return 1
                 else:
                     self.sleep(1)
                     timeout -= step
-                    if (timeouut <= 0):
+                    if timeouut <= 0:
                         return 0
 
     def test_lacp_connect(self):
-        """ LACP protocol connect test """
+        """LACP protocol connect test"""
 
         # topology
         #
@@ -213,34 +209,31 @@ class TestLACP(VppTestCase):
         #             +-+      +-+
 
         socket1 = VppSocketFilename(
-            self,
-            socket_id=1,
-            socket_filename="%s/memif.sock1" % self.tempdir)
+            self, socket_id=1, socket_filename="%s/memif.sock1" % self.tempdir
+        )
         socket1.add_vpp_config()
 
         socket11 = VppSocketFilename(
-            self,
-            socket_id=2,
-            socket_filename="%s/memif.sock1" % self.tempdir)
+            self, socket_id=2, socket_filename="%s/memif.sock1" % self.tempdir
+        )
         socket11.add_vpp_config()
 
         socket2 = VppSocketFilename(
-            self,
-            socket_id=3,
-            socket_filename="%s/memif.sock2" % self.tempdir)
+            self, socket_id=3, socket_filename="%s/memif.sock2" % self.tempdir
+        )
         socket2.add_vpp_config()
 
         socket22 = VppSocketFilename(
-            self,
-            socket_id=4,
-            socket_filename="%s/memif.sock2" % self.tempdir)
+            self, socket_id=4, socket_filename="%s/memif.sock2" % self.tempdir
+        )
         socket22.add_vpp_config()
 
         memif1 = VppMemif(
             self,
             role=VppEnum.vl_api_memif_role_t.MEMIF_ROLE_API_MASTER,
             mode=VppEnum.vl_api_memif_mode_t.MEMIF_MODE_API_ETHERNET,
-            socket_id=1)
+            socket_id=1,
+        )
         memif1.add_vpp_config()
         memif1.admin_up()
 
@@ -248,7 +241,8 @@ class TestLACP(VppTestCase):
             self,
             role=VppEnum.vl_api_memif_role_t.MEMIF_ROLE_API_SLAVE,
             mode=VppEnum.vl_api_memif_mode_t.MEMIF_MODE_API_ETHERNET,
-            socket_id=2)
+            socket_id=2,
+        )
         memif11.add_vpp_config()
         memif11.admin_up()
 
@@ -256,7 +250,8 @@ class TestLACP(VppTestCase):
             self,
             role=VppEnum.vl_api_memif_role_t.MEMIF_ROLE_API_MASTER,
             mode=VppEnum.vl_api_memif_mode_t.MEMIF_MODE_API_ETHERNET,
-            socket_id=3)
+            socket_id=3,
+        )
         memif2.add_vpp_config()
         memif2.admin_up()
 
@@ -264,7 +259,8 @@ class TestLACP(VppTestCase):
             self,
             role=VppEnum.vl_api_memif_role_t.MEMIF_ROLE_API_SLAVE,
             mode=VppEnum.vl_api_memif_mode_t.MEMIF_MODE_API_ETHERNET,
-            socket_id=4)
+            socket_id=4,
+        )
         memif12.add_vpp_config()
         memif12.admin_up()
 
@@ -273,14 +269,15 @@ class TestLACP(VppTestCase):
             self,
             mode=VppEnum.vl_api_bond_mode_t.BOND_API_MODE_LACP,
             use_custom_mac=1,
-            mac_address=bond_mac)
+            mac_address=bond_mac,
+        )
 
         bond0.add_vpp_config()
         bond0.admin_up()
 
         bond1 = VppBondInterface(
-            self,
-            mode=VppEnum.vl_api_bond_mode_t.BOND_API_MODE_LACP)
+            self, mode=VppEnum.vl_api_bond_mode_t.BOND_API_MODE_LACP
+        )
         bond1.add_vpp_config()
         bond1.admin_up()
 
@@ -299,18 +296,14 @@ class TestLACP(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(memif12.wait_for_link_up(10), True)
 
         # verify memif1 and memif2 in bond0
-        intfs = self.vapi.sw_member_interface_dump(
-            sw_if_index=bond0.sw_if_index)
+        intfs = self.vapi.sw_member_interface_dump(sw_if_index=bond0.sw_if_index)
         for intf in intfs:
-            self.assertIn(
-                intf.sw_if_index, (memif1.sw_if_index, memif2.sw_if_index))
+            self.assertIn(intf.sw_if_index, (memif1.sw_if_index, memif2.sw_if_index))
 
         # verify memif11 and memif12 in bond1
-        intfs = self.vapi.sw_member_interface_dump(
-            sw_if_index=bond1.sw_if_index)
+        intfs = self.vapi.sw_member_interface_dump(sw_if_index=bond1.sw_if_index)
         for intf in intfs:
-            self.assertIn(
-                intf.sw_if_index, (memif11.sw_if_index, memif12.sw_if_index))
+            self.assertIn(intf.sw_if_index, (memif11.sw_if_index, memif12.sw_if_index))
             self.assertEqual(intf.is_long_timeout, 0)
             self.assertEqual(intf.is_passive, 0)
 
@@ -319,17 +312,14 @@ class TestLACP(VppTestCase):
 
         intfs = self.vapi.sw_interface_lacp_dump()
         for intf in intfs:
-            self.assertEqual(
-                intf.actor_state, LACP_COLLECTION_AND_DISTRIBUTION_STATE)
-            self.assertEqual(
-                intf.partner_state, LACP_COLLECTION_AND_DISTRIBUTION_STATE)
+            self.assertEqual(intf.actor_state, LACP_COLLECTION_AND_DISTRIBUTION_STATE)
+            self.assertEqual(intf.partner_state, LACP_COLLECTION_AND_DISTRIBUTION_STATE)
 
         intfs = self.vapi.sw_bond_interface_dump(sw_if_index=0xFFFFFFFF)
         for intf in intfs:
             self.assertEqual(intf.members, 2)
             self.assertEqual(intf.active_members, 2)
-            self.assertEqual(
-                intf.mode, VppEnum.vl_api_bond_mode_t.BOND_API_MODE_LACP)
+            self.assertEqual(intf.mode, VppEnum.vl_api_bond_mode_t.BOND_API_MODE_LACP)
 
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli("show lacp"))
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli("show lacp details"))
@@ -338,20 +328,17 @@ class TestLACP(VppTestCase):
         bond0.detach_vpp_bond_interface(sw_if_index=memif1.sw_if_index)
 
         self.wait_for_member_detach(bond0, timeout=10, count=1)
-        intfs = self.vapi.sw_bond_interface_dump(
-            sw_if_index=bond0.sw_if_index)
+        intfs = self.vapi.sw_bond_interface_dump(sw_if_index=bond0.sw_if_index)
         for intf in intfs:
             self.assertEqual(intf.members, 1)
             self.assertEqual(intf.active_members, 1)
-            self.assertEqual(
-                intf.mode, VppEnum.vl_api_bond_mode_t.BOND_API_MODE_LACP)
+            self.assertEqual(intf.mode, VppEnum.vl_api_bond_mode_t.BOND_API_MODE_LACP)
 
         # detach member memif2
         bond0.detach_vpp_bond_interface(sw_if_index=memif2.sw_if_index)
         self.wait_for_member_detach(bond0, timeout=10, count=0)
 
-        intfs = self.vapi.sw_bond_interface_dump(
-            sw_if_index=bond0.sw_if_index)
+        intfs = self.vapi.sw_bond_interface_dump(sw_if_index=bond0.sw_if_index)
         for intf in intfs:
             self.assertEqual(intf.members, 0)
             self.assertEqual(intf.active_members, 0)
@@ -360,5 +347,5 @@ class TestLACP(VppTestCase):
         bond1.remove_vpp_config()
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_lb.py b/test/test_lb.py
index fafb87b62d9..dca9ea3f7ef 100644
--- a/test/test_lb.py
+++ b/test/test_lb.py
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ from vpp_ip import INVALID_INDEX
 
 
 class TestLB(VppTestCase):
-    """ Load Balancer Test Case """
+    """Load Balancer Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -53,18 +53,23 @@ class TestLB(VppTestCase):
                 i.resolve_arp()
                 i.resolve_ndp()
 
-            dst4 = VppIpRoute(cls, "10.0.0.0", 24,
-                              [VppRoutePath(cls.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                            INVALID_INDEX)],
-                              register=False)
+            dst4 = VppIpRoute(
+                cls,
+                "10.0.0.0",
+                24,
+                [VppRoutePath(cls.pg1.remote_ip4, INVALID_INDEX)],
+                register=False,
+            )
             dst4.add_vpp_config()
-            dst6 = VppIpRoute(cls, "2002::", 16,
-                              [VppRoutePath(cls.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                                            INVALID_INDEX)],
-                              register=False)
+            dst6 = VppIpRoute(
+                cls,
+                "2002::",
+                16,
+                [VppRoutePath(cls.pg1.remote_ip6, INVALID_INDEX)],
+                register=False,
+            )
             dst6.add_vpp_config()
-            cls.vapi.lb_conf(ip4_src_address="39.40.41.42",
-                             ip6_src_address="2004::1")
+            cls.vapi.lb_conf(ip4_src_address="39.40.41.42", ip6_src_address="2004::1")
         except Exception:
             super(TestLB, cls).tearDownClass()
             raise
@@ -80,13 +85,15 @@ class TestLB(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show lb vip verbose"))
 
     def getIPv4Flow(self, id):
-        return (IP(dst="90.0.%u.%u" % (id / 255, id % 255),
-                   src="40.0.%u.%u" % (id / 255, id % 255)) /
-                UDP(sport=10000 + id, dport=20000))
+        return IP(
+            dst="90.0.%u.%u" % (id / 255, id % 255),
+            src="40.0.%u.%u" % (id / 255, id % 255),
+        ) / UDP(sport=10000 + id, dport=20000)
 
     def getIPv6Flow(self, id):
-        return (IPv6(dst="2001::%u" % (id), src="fd00:f00d:ffff::%u" % (id)) /
-                UDP(sport=10000 + id, dport=20000))
+        return IPv6(dst="2001::%u" % (id), src="fd00:f00d:ffff::%u" % (id)) / UDP(
+            sport=10000 + id, dport=20000
+        )
 
     def generatePackets(self, src_if, isv4):
         self.reset_packet_infos()
@@ -95,9 +102,9 @@ class TestLB(VppTestCase):
             info = self.create_packet_info(src_if, self.pg1)
             payload = self.info_to_payload(info)
             ip = self.getIPv4Flow(pktid) if isv4 else self.getIPv6Flow(pktid)
-            packet = (Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac) /
-                      ip /
-                      Raw(payload))
+            packet = (
+                Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac) / ip / Raw(payload)
+            )
             self.extend_packet(packet, 128)
             info.data = packet.copy()
             pkts.append(packet)
@@ -112,8 +119,9 @@ class TestLB(VppTestCase):
         payload_info = self.payload_to_info(inner[Raw])
         self.info = self.packet_infos[payload_info.index]
         self.assertEqual(payload_info.src, self.pg0.sw_if_index)
-        self.assertEqual(scapy.compat.raw(inner),
-                         scapy.compat.raw(self.info.data[IPver]))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            scapy.compat.raw(inner), scapy.compat.raw(self.info.data[IPver])
+        )
 
     def checkCapture(self, encap, isv4):
         self.pg0.assert_nothing_captured()
@@ -125,7 +133,7 @@ class TestLB(VppTestCase):
             try:
                 asid = 0
                 gre = None
-                if (encap == 'gre4'):
+                if encap == "gre4":
                     ip = p[IP]
                     asid = int(ip.dst.split(".")[3])
                     self.assertEqual(ip.version, 4)
@@ -136,7 +144,7 @@ class TestLB(VppTestCase):
                     self.assertEqual(len(ip.options), 0)
                     gre = p[GRE]
                     self.checkInner(gre, isv4)
-                elif (encap == 'gre6'):
+                elif encap == "gre6":
                     ip = p[IPv6]
                     asid = ip.dst.split(":")
                     asid = asid[len(asid) - 1]
@@ -147,26 +155,26 @@ class TestLB(VppTestCase):
                     self.assertEqual(ip.src, "2004::1")
                     self.assertEqual(
                         socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET6, ip.dst),
-                        socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET6, "2002::%u" % asid)
+                        socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET6, "2002::%u" % asid),
                     )
                     self.assertEqual(ip.nh, 47)
                     # self.assertEqual(len(ip.options), 0)
                     gre = GRE(scapy.compat.raw(p[IPv6].payload))
                     self.checkInner(gre, isv4)
-                elif (encap == 'l3dsr'):
+                elif encap == "l3dsr":
                     ip = p[IP]
                     asid = int(ip.dst.split(".")[3])
                     self.assertEqual(ip.version, 4)
                     self.assertEqual(ip.flags, 0)
                     self.assertEqual(ip.dst, "10.0.0.%u" % asid)
-                    self.assertEqual(ip.tos, 0x1c)
+                    self.assertEqual(ip.tos, 0x1C)
                     self.assertEqual(len(ip.options), 0)
                     self.assert_ip_checksum_valid(p)
                     if ip.proto == IP_PROTOS.tcp:
                         self.assert_tcp_checksum_valid(p)
                     elif ip.proto == IP_PROTOS.udp:
                         self.assert_udp_checksum_valid(p)
-                elif (encap == 'nat4'):
+                elif encap == "nat4":
                     ip = p[IP]
                     asid = int(ip.dst.split(".")[3])
                     self.assertEqual(ip.version, 4)
@@ -176,7 +184,7 @@ class TestLB(VppTestCase):
                     self.assertEqual(len(ip.options), 0)
                     udp = p[UDP]
                     self.assertEqual(udp.dport, 3307)
-                elif (encap == 'nat6'):
+                elif encap == "nat6":
                     ip = p[IPv6]
                     asid = ip.dst.split(":")
                     asid = asid[len(asid) - 1]
@@ -186,7 +194,7 @@ class TestLB(VppTestCase):
                     self.assertEqual(ip.fl, 0)
                     self.assertEqual(
                         socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET6, ip.dst),
-                        socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET6, "2002::%u" % asid)
+                        socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET6, "2002::%u" % asid),
                     )
                     self.assertEqual(ip.nh, 17)
                     self.assertGreaterEqual(ip.hlim, 63)
@@ -202,301 +210,268 @@ class TestLB(VppTestCase):
         for asid in self.ass:
             if load[asid] < int(len(self.packets) / (len(self.ass) * 2)):
                 self.logger.error(
-                    "ASS is not balanced: load[%d] = %d" % (asid, load[asid]))
+                    "ASS is not balanced: load[%d] = %d" % (asid, load[asid])
+                )
                 raise Exception("Load Balancer algorithm is biased")
 
     def test_lb_ip4_gre4(self):
-        """ Load Balancer IP4 GRE4 on vip case """
+        """Load Balancer IP4 GRE4 on vip case"""
         try:
-            self.vapi.cli(
-                "lb vip 90.0.0.0/8 encap gre4")
+            self.vapi.cli("lb vip 90.0.0.0/8 encap gre4")
             for asid in self.ass:
-                self.vapi.cli(
-                    "lb as 90.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.%u"
-                    % (asid))
+                self.vapi.cli("lb as 90.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.%u" % (asid))
 
             self.pg0.add_stream(self.generatePackets(self.pg0, isv4=True))
             self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
             self.pg_start()
-            self.checkCapture(encap='gre4', isv4=True)
+            self.checkCapture(encap="gre4", isv4=True)
 
         finally:
             for asid in self.ass:
-                self.vapi.cli(
-                    "lb as 90.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.%u del"
-                    % (asid))
-            self.vapi.cli(
-                "lb vip 90.0.0.0/8 encap gre4 del")
+                self.vapi.cli("lb as 90.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.%u del" % (asid))
+            self.vapi.cli("lb vip 90.0.0.0/8 encap gre4 del")
             self.vapi.cli("test lb flowtable flush")
 
     def test_lb_ip6_gre4(self):
-        """ Load Balancer IP6 GRE4 on vip case """
+        """Load Balancer IP6 GRE4 on vip case"""
 
         try:
-            self.vapi.cli(
-                "lb vip 2001::/16 encap gre4")
+            self.vapi.cli("lb vip 2001::/16 encap gre4")
             for asid in self.ass:
-                self.vapi.cli(
-                    "lb as 2001::/16 10.0.0.%u"
-                    % (asid))
+                self.vapi.cli("lb as 2001::/16 10.0.0.%u" % (asid))
 
             self.pg0.add_stream(self.generatePackets(self.pg0, isv4=False))
             self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
             self.pg_start()
 
-            self.checkCapture(encap='gre4', isv4=False)
+            self.checkCapture(encap="gre4", isv4=False)
         finally:
             for asid in self.ass:
-                self.vapi.cli(
-                    "lb as 2001::/16 10.0.0.%u del"
-                    % (asid))
-            self.vapi.cli(
-                "lb vip 2001::/16 encap gre4 del")
+                self.vapi.cli("lb as 2001::/16 10.0.0.%u del" % (asid))
+            self.vapi.cli("lb vip 2001::/16 encap gre4 del")
             self.vapi.cli("test lb flowtable flush")
 
     def test_lb_ip4_gre6(self):
-        """ Load Balancer IP4 GRE6 on vip case """
+        """Load Balancer IP4 GRE6 on vip case"""
         try:
-            self.vapi.cli(
-                "lb vip 90.0.0.0/8 encap gre6")
+            self.vapi.cli("lb vip 90.0.0.0/8 encap gre6")
             for asid in self.ass:
-                self.vapi.cli(
-                    "lb as 90.0.0.0/8 2002::%u"
-                    % (asid))
+                self.vapi.cli("lb as 90.0.0.0/8 2002::%u" % (asid))
 
             self.pg0.add_stream(self.generatePackets(self.pg0, isv4=True))
             self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
             self.pg_start()
 
-            self.checkCapture(encap='gre6', isv4=True)
+            self.checkCapture(encap="gre6", isv4=True)
         finally:
             for asid in self.ass:
-                self.vapi.cli(
-                    "lb as 90.0.0.0/8 2002::%u del"
-                    % (asid))
-            self.vapi.cli(
-                "lb vip 90.0.0.0/8 encap gre6 del")
+                self.vapi.cli("lb as 90.0.0.0/8 2002::%u del" % (asid))
+            self.vapi.cli("lb vip 90.0.0.0/8 encap gre6 del")
             self.vapi.cli("test lb flowtable flush")
 
     def test_lb_ip6_gre6(self):
-        """ Load Balancer IP6 GRE6 on vip case """
+        """Load Balancer IP6 GRE6 on vip case"""
         try:
-            self.vapi.cli(
-                "lb vip 2001::/16 encap gre6")
+            self.vapi.cli("lb vip 2001::/16 encap gre6")
             for asid in self.ass:
-                self.vapi.cli(
-                    "lb as 2001::/16 2002::%u"
-                    % (asid))
+                self.vapi.cli("lb as 2001::/16 2002::%u" % (asid))
 
             self.pg0.add_stream(self.generatePackets(self.pg0, isv4=False))
             self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
             self.pg_start()
 
-            self.checkCapture(encap='gre6', isv4=False)
+            self.checkCapture(encap="gre6", isv4=False)
         finally:
             for asid in self.ass:
-                self.vapi.cli(
-                    "lb as 2001::/16 2002::%u del"
-                    % (asid))
-            self.vapi.cli(
-                "lb vip 2001::/16 encap gre6 del")
+                self.vapi.cli("lb as 2001::/16 2002::%u del" % (asid))
+            self.vapi.cli("lb vip 2001::/16 encap gre6 del")
             self.vapi.cli("test lb flowtable flush")
 
     def test_lb_ip4_gre4_port(self):
-        """ Load Balancer IP4 GRE4 on per-port-vip case """
+        """Load Balancer IP4 GRE4 on per-port-vip case"""
         try:
-            self.vapi.cli(
-                "lb vip 90.0.0.0/8 protocol udp port 20000 encap gre4")
+            self.vapi.cli("lb vip 90.0.0.0/8 protocol udp port 20000 encap gre4")
             for asid in self.ass:
                 self.vapi.cli(
-                    "lb as 90.0.0.0/8 protocol udp port 20000 10.0.0.%u"
-                    % (asid))
+                    "lb as 90.0.0.0/8 protocol udp port 20000 10.0.0.%u" % (asid)
+                )
 
             self.pg0.add_stream(self.generatePackets(self.pg0, isv4=True))
             self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
             self.pg_start()
-            self.checkCapture(encap='gre4', isv4=True)
+            self.checkCapture(encap="gre4", isv4=True)
 
         finally:
             for asid in self.ass:
                 self.vapi.cli(
-                    "lb as 90.0.0.0/8 protocol udp port 20000 10.0.0.%u del"
-                    % (asid))
-            self.vapi.cli(
-                "lb vip 90.0.0.0/8 protocol udp port 20000 encap gre4 del")
+                    "lb as 90.0.0.0/8 protocol udp port 20000 10.0.0.%u del" % (asid)
+                )
+            self.vapi.cli("lb vip 90.0.0.0/8 protocol udp port 20000 encap gre4 del")
             self.vapi.cli("test lb flowtable flush")
 
     def test_lb_ip6_gre4_port(self):
-        """ Load Balancer IP6 GRE4 on per-port-vip case """
+        """Load Balancer IP6 GRE4 on per-port-vip case"""
 
         try:
-            self.vapi.cli(
-                "lb vip 2001::/16 protocol udp port 20000 encap gre4")
+            self.vapi.cli("lb vip 2001::/16 protocol udp port 20000 encap gre4")
             for asid in self.ass:
                 self.vapi.cli(
-                    "lb as 2001::/16 protocol udp port 20000 10.0.0.%u"
-                    % (asid))
+                    "lb as 2001::/16 protocol udp port 20000 10.0.0.%u" % (asid)
+                )
 
             self.pg0.add_stream(self.generatePackets(self.pg0, isv4=False))
             self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
             self.pg_start()
 
-            self.checkCapture(encap='gre4', isv4=False)
+            self.checkCapture(encap="gre4", isv4=False)
         finally:
             for asid in self.ass:
                 self.vapi.cli(
-                    "lb as 2001::/16 protocol udp port 20000 10.0.0.%u del"
-                    % (asid))
-            self.vapi.cli(
-                "lb vip 2001::/16 protocol udp port 20000 encap gre4 del")
+                    "lb as 2001::/16 protocol udp port 20000 10.0.0.%u del" % (asid)
+                )
+            self.vapi.cli("lb vip 2001::/16 protocol udp port 20000 encap gre4 del")
             self.vapi.cli("test lb flowtable flush")
 
     def test_lb_ip4_gre6_port(self):
-        """ Load Balancer IP4 GRE6 on per-port-vip case """
+        """Load Balancer IP4 GRE6 on per-port-vip case"""
         try:
-            self.vapi.cli(
-                "lb vip 90.0.0.0/8 protocol udp port 20000 encap gre6")
+            self.vapi.cli("lb vip 90.0.0.0/8 protocol udp port 20000 encap gre6")
             for asid in self.ass:
                 self.vapi.cli(
-                    "lb as 90.0.0.0/8 protocol udp port 20000 2002::%u"
-                    % (asid))
+                    "lb as 90.0.0.0/8 protocol udp port 20000 2002::%u" % (asid)
+                )
 
             self.pg0.add_stream(self.generatePackets(self.pg0, isv4=True))
             self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
             self.pg_start()
 
-            self.checkCapture(encap='gre6', isv4=True)
+            self.checkCapture(encap="gre6", isv4=True)
         finally:
             for asid in self.ass:
                 self.vapi.cli(
-                    "lb as 90.0.0.0/8 protocol udp port 20000 2002::%u del"
-                    % (asid))
-            self.vapi.cli(
-                "lb vip 90.0.0.0/8 protocol udp port 20000 encap gre6 del")
+                    "lb as 90.0.0.0/8 protocol udp port 20000 2002::%u del" % (asid)
+                )
+            self.vapi.cli("lb vip 90.0.0.0/8 protocol udp port 20000 encap gre6 del")
             self.vapi.cli("test lb flowtable flush")
 
     def test_lb_ip6_gre6_port(self):
-        """ Load Balancer IP6 GRE6 on per-port-vip case """
+        """Load Balancer IP6 GRE6 on per-port-vip case"""
         try:
-            self.vapi.cli(
-                "lb vip 2001::/16 protocol udp port 20000 encap gre6")
+            self.vapi.cli("lb vip 2001::/16 protocol udp port 20000 encap gre6")
             for asid in self.ass:
                 self.vapi.cli(
-                    "lb as 2001::/16 protocol udp port 20000 2002::%u"
-                    % (asid))
+                    "lb as 2001::/16 protocol udp port 20000 2002::%u" % (asid)
+                )
 
             self.pg0.add_stream(self.generatePackets(self.pg0, isv4=False))
             self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
             self.pg_start()
 
-            self.checkCapture(encap='gre6', isv4=False)
+            self.checkCapture(encap="gre6", isv4=False)
         finally:
             for asid in self.ass:
                 self.vapi.cli(
-                    "lb as 2001::/16 protocol udp port 20000 2002::%u del"
-                    % (asid))
-            self.vapi.cli(
-                "lb vip 2001::/16 protocol udp port 20000 encap gre6 del")
+                    "lb as 2001::/16 protocol udp port 20000 2002::%u del" % (asid)
+                )
+            self.vapi.cli("lb vip 2001::/16 protocol udp port 20000 encap gre6 del")
             self.vapi.cli("test lb flowtable flush")
 
     def test_lb_ip4_l3dsr(self):
-        """ Load Balancer IP4 L3DSR on vip case """
+        """Load Balancer IP4 L3DSR on vip case"""
         try:
-            self.vapi.cli(
-                "lb vip 90.0.0.0/8 encap l3dsr dscp 7")
+            self.vapi.cli("lb vip 90.0.0.0/8 encap l3dsr dscp 7")
             for asid in self.ass:
-                self.vapi.cli(
-                    "lb as 90.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.%u"
-                    % (asid))
+                self.vapi.cli("lb as 90.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.%u" % (asid))
 
             self.pg0.add_stream(self.generatePackets(self.pg0, isv4=True))
             self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
             self.pg_start()
-            self.checkCapture(encap='l3dsr', isv4=True)
+            self.checkCapture(encap="l3dsr", isv4=True)
 
         finally:
             for asid in self.ass:
-                self.vapi.cli(
-                    "lb as 90.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.%u del"
-                    % (asid))
-            self.vapi.cli(
-                "lb vip 90.0.0.0/8 encap l3dsr"
-                " dscp 7 del")
+                self.vapi.cli("lb as 90.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.%u del" % (asid))
+            self.vapi.cli("lb vip 90.0.0.0/8 encap l3dsr dscp 7 del")
             self.vapi.cli("test lb flowtable flush")
 
     def test_lb_ip4_l3dsr_port(self):
-        """ Load Balancer IP4 L3DSR on per-port-vip case """
+        """Load Balancer IP4 L3DSR on per-port-vip case"""
         try:
             self.vapi.cli(
-                "lb vip 90.0.0.0/8 protocol udp port 20000 encap l3dsr dscp 7")
+                "lb vip 90.0.0.0/8 protocol udp port 20000 encap l3dsr dscp 7"
+            )
             for asid in self.ass:
                 self.vapi.cli(
-                    "lb as 90.0.0.0/8 protocol udp port 20000 10.0.0.%u"
-                    % (asid))
+                    "lb as 90.0.0.0/8 protocol udp port 20000 10.0.0.%u" % (asid)
+                )
 
             self.pg0.add_stream(self.generatePackets(self.pg0, isv4=True))
             self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
             self.pg_start()
-            self.checkCapture(encap='l3dsr', isv4=True)
+            self.checkCapture(encap="l3dsr", isv4=True)
 
         finally:
             for asid in self.ass:
                 self.vapi.cli(
-                    "lb as 90.0.0.0/8 protocol udp port 20000 10.0.0.%u del"
-                    % (asid))
+                    "lb as 90.0.0.0/8 protocol udp port 20000 10.0.0.%u del" % (asid)
+                )
             self.vapi.cli(
-                "lb vip 90.0.0.0/8 protocol udp port 20000 encap l3dsr"
-                " dscp 7 del")
+                "lb vip 90.0.0.0/8 protocol udp port 20000 encap l3dsr dscp 7 del"
+            )
             self.vapi.cli("test lb flowtable flush")
 
     def test_lb_ip4_nat4_port(self):
-        """ Load Balancer IP4 NAT4 on per-port-vip case """
+        """Load Balancer IP4 NAT4 on per-port-vip case"""
         try:
             self.vapi.cli(
                 "lb vip 90.0.0.0/8 protocol udp port 20000 encap nat4"
-                " type clusterip target_port 3307")
+                " type clusterip target_port 3307"
+            )
             for asid in self.ass:
                 self.vapi.cli(
-                    "lb as 90.0.0.0/8 protocol udp port 20000 10.0.0.%u"
-                    % (asid))
+                    "lb as 90.0.0.0/8 protocol udp port 20000 10.0.0.%u" % (asid)
+                )
 
             self.pg0.add_stream(self.generatePackets(self.pg0, isv4=True))
             self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
             self.pg_start()
-            self.checkCapture(encap='nat4', isv4=True)
+            self.checkCapture(encap="nat4", isv4=True)
 
         finally:
             for asid in self.ass:
                 self.vapi.cli(
-                    "lb as 90.0.0.0/8 protocol udp port 20000 10.0.0.%u del"
-                    % (asid))
+                    "lb as 90.0.0.0/8 protocol udp port 20000 10.0.0.%u del" % (asid)
+                )
             self.vapi.cli(
                 "lb vip 90.0.0.0/8 protocol udp port 20000 encap nat4"
-                " type clusterip target_port 3307 del")
+                " type clusterip target_port 3307 del"
+            )
             self.vapi.cli("test lb flowtable flush")
 
     def test_lb_ip6_nat6_port(self):
-        """ Load Balancer IP6 NAT6 on per-port-vip case """
+        """Load Balancer IP6 NAT6 on per-port-vip case"""
         try:
             self.vapi.cli(
                 "lb vip 2001::/16 protocol udp port 20000 encap nat6"
-                " type clusterip target_port 3307")
+                " type clusterip target_port 3307"
+            )
             for asid in self.ass:
                 self.vapi.cli(
-                    "lb as 2001::/16 protocol udp port 20000 2002::%u"
-                    % (asid))
+                    "lb as 2001::/16 protocol udp port 20000 2002::%u" % (asid)
+                )
 
             self.pg0.add_stream(self.generatePackets(self.pg0, isv4=False))
             self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
             self.pg_start()
-            self.checkCapture(encap='nat6', isv4=False)
+            self.checkCapture(encap="nat6", isv4=False)
 
         finally:
             for asid in self.ass:
                 self.vapi.cli(
-                    "lb as 2001::/16 protocol udp port 20000 2002::%u del"
-                    % (asid))
+                    "lb as 2001::/16 protocol udp port 20000 2002::%u del" % (asid)
+                )
             self.vapi.cli(
                 "lb vip 2001::/16 protocol udp port 20000 encap nat6"
-                " type clusterip target_port 3307 del")
+                " type clusterip target_port 3307 del"
+            )
             self.vapi.cli("test lb flowtable flush")
diff --git a/test/test_lb_api.py b/test/test_lb_api.py
index 70d41d432a7..048f7bf44e8 100644
--- a/test/test_lb_api.py
+++ b/test/test_lb_api.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ DEFAULT_VIP = "lb_vip_details(_0=978, context=12, vip=vl_api_lb_ip_addr_t(pfx=IP
 
 
 class TestLbEmptyApi(framework.VppTestCase):
-    """TestLbEmptyApi """
+    """TestLbEmptyApi"""
 
     def test_lb_empty_vip_dump(self):
 
@@ -27,18 +27,18 @@ class TestLbEmptyApi(framework.VppTestCase):
         # lb initializes with a default VIP
         rv = self.vapi.lb_vip_dump()
         # print(rv)
-        self.assertEqual(rv, [], 'Expected: [] Received: %r.' % rv)
+        self.assertEqual(rv, [], "Expected: [] Received: %r." % rv)
 
     def test_lb_empty_as_dump(self):
 
         # no records should return []
         rv = self.vapi.lb_as_dump()
         # print(rv)
-        self.assertEqual(rv, [], 'Expected: [] Received: %r.' % rv)
+        self.assertEqual(rv, [], "Expected: [] Received: %r." % rv)
 
 
 class TestLbApi(framework.VppTestCase):
-    """TestLbApi """
+    """TestLbApi"""
 
     def test_lb_vip_dump(self):
         # add some vips
@@ -49,14 +49,17 @@ class TestLbApi(framework.VppTestCase):
         self.vapi.cli("lb vip 2001::/16 encap gre6")
         rv = self.vapi.lb_vip_dump()
         # print(rv)
-        self.assertEqual(str(rv[-1].vip.pfx), "2001::/16",
-                         'Expected: 2001::/16 Received: %r.' % rv[-1].vip.pfx)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            str(rv[-1].vip.pfx),
+            "2001::/16",
+            "Expected: 2001::/16 Received: %r." % rv[-1].vip.pfx,
+        )
 
         self.vapi.cli("lb vip 2001::/16 del")
 
 
 class TestLbAsApi(framework.VppTestCase):
-    """TestLbAsApi """
+    """TestLbAsApi"""
 
     def test_lb_as_dump(self):
         # add some vips
@@ -70,7 +73,13 @@ class TestLbAsApi(framework.VppTestCase):
         # print(rv)
         rv = self.vapi.lb_as_dump()
         # print(rv)
-        self.assertEqual(str(rv[0].vip.pfx), "2001::/16",
-                         'Expected: "2001::/16" Received: %r.' % rv[0].vip.pfx)
-        self.assertEqual(str(rv[0].app_srv), "2000::1",
-                         'Expected: "2000::1" Received: %r.' % rv[0].app_srv)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            str(rv[0].vip.pfx),
+            "2001::/16",
+            'Expected: "2001::/16" Received: %r.' % rv[0].vip.pfx,
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            str(rv[0].app_srv),
+            "2000::1",
+            'Expected: "2000::1" Received: %r.' % rv[0].app_srv,
+        )
diff --git a/test/test_linux_cp.py b/test/test_linux_cp.py
index b683954e1da..2d7669b717a 100644
--- a/test/test_linux_cp.py
+++ b/test/test_linux_cp.py
@@ -10,10 +10,20 @@ from util import reassemble4
 from vpp_object import VppObject
 from framework import VppTestCase, VppTestRunner
 from vpp_ipip_tun_interface import VppIpIpTunInterface
-from template_ipsec import TemplateIpsec, IpsecTun4Tests, \
-    IpsecTun4, mk_scapy_crypt_key, config_tun_params
-from template_ipsec import TemplateIpsec, IpsecTun4Tests, \
-    IpsecTun4, mk_scapy_crypt_key, config_tun_params
+from template_ipsec import (
+    TemplateIpsec,
+    IpsecTun4Tests,
+    IpsecTun4,
+    mk_scapy_crypt_key,
+    config_tun_params,
+)
+from template_ipsec import (
+    TemplateIpsec,
+    IpsecTun4Tests,
+    IpsecTun4,
+    mk_scapy_crypt_key,
+    config_tun_params,
+)
 from test_ipsec_tun_if_esp import TemplateIpsecItf4
 from vpp_ipsec import VppIpsecSA, VppIpsecTunProtect, VppIpsecInterface
 
@@ -25,39 +35,43 @@ class VppLcpPair(VppObject):
         self.host = host
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
-        self._test.vapi.cli("test lcp add phy %s host %s" %
-                            (self.phy, self.host))
+        self._test.vapi.cli("test lcp add phy %s host %s" % (self.phy, self.host))
         self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
         return self
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
-        self._test.vapi.cli("test lcp del phy %s host %s" %
-                            (self.phy, self.host))
+        self._test.vapi.cli("test lcp del phy %s host %s" % (self.phy, self.host))
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return "lcp:%d:%d" % (self.phy.sw_if_index,
-                              self.host.sw_if_index)
+        return "lcp:%d:%d" % (self.phy.sw_if_index, self.host.sw_if_index)
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
-        pairs = list(self._test.vapi.vpp.details_iter(
-            self._test.vapi.lcp_itf_pair_get))
+        pairs = list(self._test.vapi.vpp.details_iter(self._test.vapi.lcp_itf_pair_get))
 
         for p in pairs:
-            if p.phy_sw_if_index == self.phy.sw_if_index and \
-               p.host_sw_if_index == self.host.sw_if_index:
+            if (
+                p.phy_sw_if_index == self.phy.sw_if_index
+                and p.host_sw_if_index == self.host.sw_if_index
+            ):
                 return True
         return False
 
 
 class TestLinuxCP(VppTestCase):
-    """ Linux Control Plane """
+    """Linux Control Plane"""
 
-    extra_vpp_plugin_config = ["plugin",
-                               "linux_cp_plugin.so",
-                               "{", "enable", "}",
-                               "plugin",
-                               "linux_cp_unittest_plugin.so",
-                               "{", "enable", "}"]
+    extra_vpp_plugin_config = [
+        "plugin",
+        "linux_cp_plugin.so",
+        "{",
+        "enable",
+        "}",
+        "plugin",
+        "linux_cp_unittest_plugin.so",
+        "{",
+        "enable",
+        "}",
+    ]
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -86,7 +100,7 @@ class TestLinuxCP(VppTestCase):
         super(TestLinuxCP, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_linux_cp_tap(self):
-        """ Linux CP TAP """
+        """Linux CP TAP"""
 
         #
         # Setup
@@ -117,12 +131,12 @@ class TestLinuxCP(VppTestCase):
         # hosts to phys
         for phy, host in zip(phys, hosts):
             for j in range(N_HOSTS):
-                p = (Ether(src=phy.local_mac,
-                           dst=phy.remote_hosts[j].mac) /
-                     IP(src=phy.local_ip4,
-                        dst=phy.remote_hosts[j].ip4) /
-                     UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                     Raw())
+                p = (
+                    Ether(src=phy.local_mac, dst=phy.remote_hosts[j].mac)
+                    / IP(src=phy.local_ip4, dst=phy.remote_hosts[j].ip4)
+                    / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                    / Raw()
+                )
 
                 rxs = self.send_and_expect(host, [p], phy)
 
@@ -131,13 +145,13 @@ class TestLinuxCP(VppTestCase):
                     self.assertEqual(p.show2(True), rx.show2(True))
 
                 # ARPs x-connect to phy
-                p = (Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff",
-                           src=phy.remote_hosts[j].mac) /
-                     ARP(op="who-has",
-                         hwdst=phy.remote_hosts[j].mac,
-                         hwsrc=phy.local_mac,
-                         psrc=phy.local_ip4,
-                         pdst=phy.remote_hosts[j].ip4))
+                p = Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=phy.remote_hosts[j].mac) / ARP(
+                    op="who-has",
+                    hwdst=phy.remote_hosts[j].mac,
+                    hwsrc=phy.local_mac,
+                    psrc=phy.local_ip4,
+                    pdst=phy.remote_hosts[j].ip4,
+                )
 
                 rxs = self.send_and_expect(host, [p], phy)
 
@@ -148,12 +162,12 @@ class TestLinuxCP(VppTestCase):
         # phy to host
         for phy, host in zip(phys, hosts):
             for j in range(N_HOSTS):
-                p = (Ether(dst=phy.local_mac,
-                           src=phy.remote_hosts[j].mac) /
-                     IP(dst=phy.local_ip4,
-                        src=phy.remote_hosts[j].ip4) /
-                     UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                     Raw())
+                p = (
+                    Ether(dst=phy.local_mac, src=phy.remote_hosts[j].mac)
+                    / IP(dst=phy.local_ip4, src=phy.remote_hosts[j].ip4)
+                    / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                    / Raw()
+                )
 
                 rxs = self.send_and_expect(phy, [p], host)
 
@@ -162,13 +176,13 @@ class TestLinuxCP(VppTestCase):
                     self.assertEqual(p.show2(True), rx.show2(True))
 
                 # ARPs rx'd on the phy are sent to the host
-                p = (Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff",
-                           src=phy.remote_hosts[j].mac) /
-                     ARP(op="is-at",
-                         hwsrc=phy.remote_hosts[j].mac,
-                         hwdst=phy.local_mac,
-                         pdst=phy.local_ip4,
-                         psrc=phy.remote_hosts[j].ip4))
+                p = Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=phy.remote_hosts[j].mac) / ARP(
+                    op="is-at",
+                    hwsrc=phy.remote_hosts[j].mac,
+                    hwdst=phy.local_mac,
+                    pdst=phy.local_ip4,
+                    psrc=phy.remote_hosts[j].ip4,
+                )
 
                 rxs = self.send_and_expect(phy, [p], host)
 
@@ -181,7 +195,7 @@ class TestLinuxCP(VppTestCase):
             phy.unconfig_ip4()
 
     def test_linux_cp_tun(self):
-        """ Linux CP TUN """
+        """Linux CP TUN"""
 
         #
         # Setup
@@ -198,15 +212,11 @@ class TestLinuxCP(VppTestCase):
         phy.resolve_ndp()
 
         tun4 = VppIpIpTunInterface(
-            self,
-            phy,
-            phy.local_ip4,
-            phy.remote_ip4).add_vpp_config()
+            self, phy, phy.local_ip4, phy.remote_ip4
+        ).add_vpp_config()
         tun6 = VppIpIpTunInterface(
-            self,
-            phy,
-            phy.local_ip6,
-            phy.remote_ip6).add_vpp_config()
+            self, phy, phy.local_ip6, phy.remote_ip6
+        ).add_vpp_config()
         tuns = [tun4, tun6]
 
         tun4.admin_up()
@@ -226,9 +236,7 @@ class TestLinuxCP(VppTestCase):
         #
 
         # host to phy for v4
-        p = (IP(src=tun4.local_ip4, dst="2.2.2.2") /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw())
+        p = IP(src=tun4.local_ip4, dst="2.2.2.2") / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) / Raw()
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg4, p * N_PKTS, phy)
 
@@ -242,9 +250,7 @@ class TestLinuxCP(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(inner.dst, "2.2.2.2")
 
         # host to phy for v6
-        p = (IPv6(src=tun6.local_ip6, dst="2::2") /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw())
+        p = IPv6(src=tun6.local_ip6, dst="2::2") / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) / Raw()
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg5, p * N_PKTS, phy)
 
@@ -257,11 +263,13 @@ class TestLinuxCP(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(inner.dst, "2::2")
 
         # phy to host v4
-        p = (Ether(dst=phy.local_mac, src=phy.remote_mac) /
-             IP(dst=phy.local_ip4, src=phy.remote_ip4) /
-             IP(dst=tun4.local_ip4, src=tun4.remote_ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw())
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=phy.local_mac, src=phy.remote_mac)
+            / IP(dst=phy.local_ip4, src=phy.remote_ip4)
+            / IP(dst=tun4.local_ip4, src=tun4.remote_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw()
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(phy, p * N_PKTS, self.pg4)
         for rx in rxs:
@@ -270,11 +278,13 @@ class TestLinuxCP(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(rx[IP].src, tun4.remote_ip4)
 
         # phy to host v6
-        p = (Ether(dst=phy.local_mac, src=phy.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(dst=phy.local_ip6, src=phy.remote_ip6) /
-             IPv6(dst=tun6.local_ip6, src=tun6.remote_ip6) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw())
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=phy.local_mac, src=phy.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(dst=phy.local_ip6, src=phy.remote_ip6)
+            / IPv6(dst=tun6.local_ip6, src=tun6.remote_ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw()
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(phy, p * N_PKTS, self.pg5)
         for rx in rxs:
@@ -290,17 +300,21 @@ class TestLinuxCP(VppTestCase):
         tun6.unconfig_ip6()
 
 
-class TestLinuxCPIpsec(TemplateIpsec,
-                       TemplateIpsecItf4,
-                       IpsecTun4):
-    """ IPsec Interface IPv4 """
+class TestLinuxCPIpsec(TemplateIpsec, TemplateIpsecItf4, IpsecTun4):
+    """IPsec Interface IPv4"""
 
-    extra_vpp_plugin_config = ["plugin",
-                               "linux_cp_plugin.so",
-                               "{", "enable", "}",
-                               "plugin",
-                               "linux_cp_unittest_plugin.so",
-                               "{", "enable", "}"]
+    extra_vpp_plugin_config = [
+        "plugin",
+        "linux_cp_plugin.so",
+        "{",
+        "enable",
+        "}",
+        "plugin",
+        "linux_cp_unittest_plugin.so",
+        "{",
+        "enable",
+        "}",
+    ]
 
     def setUp(self):
         super(TestLinuxCPIpsec, self).setUp()
@@ -347,16 +361,19 @@ class TestLinuxCPIpsec(TemplateIpsec,
             self.assert_equal(rx[IP].dst, p.tun_if.local_ip4)
             self.assert_packet_checksums_valid(rx)
 
-    def gen_encrypt_pkts(self, p, sa, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1,
-                         payload_size=54):
-        return [Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac) /
-                sa.encrypt(IP(src=src, dst=dst) /
-                           UDP(sport=1111, dport=2222) /
-                           Raw(b'X' * payload_size))
-                for i in range(count)]
+    def gen_encrypt_pkts(self, p, sa, sw_intf, src, dst, count=1, payload_size=54):
+        return [
+            Ether(src=sw_intf.remote_mac, dst=sw_intf.local_mac)
+            / sa.encrypt(
+                IP(src=src, dst=dst)
+                / UDP(sport=1111, dport=2222)
+                / Raw(b"X" * payload_size)
+            )
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
 
     def test_linux_cp_ipsec4_tun(self):
-        """ Linux CP Ipsec TUN """
+        """Linux CP Ipsec TUN"""
 
         #
         # Setup
@@ -370,9 +387,7 @@ class TestLinuxCPIpsec(TemplateIpsec,
         p = self.ipv4_params
 
         self.config_network(p)
-        self.config_sa_tun(p,
-                           self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                           self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        self.config_sa_tun(p, self.pg0.local_ip4, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
         self.config_protect(p)
 
         pair = VppLcpPair(self, p.tun_if, self.host).add_vpp_config()
@@ -386,19 +401,24 @@ class TestLinuxCPIpsec(TemplateIpsec,
         #
 
         # host to phy for v4
-        pkt = (IP(src=p.tun_if.local_ip4,
-                  dst=p.tun_if.remote_ip4) /
-               UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-               Raw())
+        pkt = (
+            IP(src=p.tun_if.local_ip4, dst=p.tun_if.remote_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw()
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.host, pkt * N_PKTS, self.tun_if)
         self.verify_encrypted(p, p.vpp_tun_sa, rxs)
 
         # phy to host for v4
-        pkts = self.gen_encrypt_pkts(p, p.scapy_tun_sa, self.tun_if,
-                                     src=p.tun_if.remote_ip4,
-                                     dst=p.tun_if.local_ip4,
-                                     count=N_PKTS)
+        pkts = self.gen_encrypt_pkts(
+            p,
+            p.scapy_tun_sa,
+            self.tun_if,
+            src=p.tun_if.remote_ip4,
+            dst=p.tun_if.local_ip4,
+            count=N_PKTS,
+        )
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.tun_if, pkts, self.host)
         self.verify_decrypted(p, rxs)
 
@@ -409,5 +429,5 @@ class TestLinuxCPIpsec(TemplateIpsec,
         self.unconfig_network(p)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_lisp.py b/test/test_lisp.py
index 0a6e7525159..5ff9de13d24 100644
--- a/test/test_lisp.py
+++ b/test/test_lisp.py
@@ -9,8 +9,14 @@ from scapy.layers.inet import IP, UDP, Ether
 from scapy.layers.inet6 import IPv6
 
 from framework import VppTestCase, VppTestRunner
-from lisp import VppLocalMapping, VppLispAdjacency, VppLispLocator, \
-    VppLispLocatorSet, VppRemoteMapping, LispRemoteLocator
+from lisp import (
+    VppLocalMapping,
+    VppLispAdjacency,
+    VppLispLocator,
+    VppLispLocatorSet,
+    VppRemoteMapping,
+    LispRemoteLocator,
+)
 from util import ppp
 
 # From py_lispnetworking.lisp.py:  # GNU General Public License v2.0
@@ -24,6 +30,8 @@ class LISP_GPE_Header(Packet):
         ByteField("next_proto", 0),
         IntField("iid", 0),
     ]
+
+
 bind_layers(UDP, LISP_GPE_Header, dport=4341)
 bind_layers(UDP, LISP_GPE_Header, sport=4341)
 bind_layers(LISP_GPE_Header, IP, next_proto=1)
@@ -34,8 +42,8 @@ bind_layers(LISP_GPE_Header, Ether, next_proto=3)
 class ForeignAddressFactory(object):
     count = 0
     prefix_len = 24
-    net_template = '10.10.10.{}'
-    net = net_template.format(0) + '/' + str(prefix_len)
+    net_template = "10.10.10.{}"
+    net = net_template.format(0) + "/" + str(prefix_len)
 
     def get_ip4(self):
         if self.count > 255:
@@ -46,13 +54,16 @@ class ForeignAddressFactory(object):
 
 class Driver(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
 
-    config_order = ['locator-sets',
-                    'locators',
-                    'local-mappings',
-                    'remote-mappings',
-                    'adjacencies']
+    config_order = [
+        "locator-sets",
+        "locators",
+        "local-mappings",
+        "remote-mappings",
+        "adjacencies",
+    ]
 
     """ Basic class for data driven testing """
+
     def __init__(self, test, test_cases):
         self._test_cases = test_cases
         self._test = test
@@ -65,26 +76,29 @@ class Driver(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
     def test(self):
         return self._test
 
-    def create_packet(self, src_if, dst_if, deid, payload=''):
+    def create_packet(self, src_if, dst_if, deid, payload=""):
         """
         Create IPv4 packet
 
         param: src_if
         param: dst_if
         """
-        packet = (Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac) /
-                  IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=deid) /
-                  Raw(payload))
+        packet = (
+            Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=deid)
+            / Raw(payload)
+        )
         return packet
 
     @abc.abstractmethod
     def run(self):
-        """ testing procedure """
+        """testing procedure"""
         pass
 
 
 class SimpleDriver(Driver):
-    """ Implements simple test procedure """
+    """Implements simple test procedure"""
+
     def __init__(self, test, test_cases):
         super(SimpleDriver, self).__init__(test, test_cases)
 
@@ -96,27 +110,27 @@ class SimpleDriver(Driver):
         :param dst_loc: destination locator address
         :param capture: list of captured packets
         """
-        self.test.assertEqual(len(capture), 1, "Unexpected number of "
-                              "packets! Expected 1 but {} received"
-                              .format(len(capture)))
+        self.test.assertEqual(
+            len(capture),
+            1,
+            "Unexpected number of "
+            "packets! Expected 1 but {} received".format(len(capture)),
+        )
         packet = capture[0]
         try:
             ip_hdr = packet[IP]
             # assert the values match
             self.test.assertEqual(ip_hdr.src, src_loc, "IP source address")
-            self.test.assertEqual(ip_hdr.dst, dst_loc,
-                                  "IP destination address")
+            self.test.assertEqual(ip_hdr.dst, dst_loc, "IP destination address")
             gpe_hdr = packet[LISP_GPE_Header]
-            self.test.assertEqual(gpe_hdr.next_proto, 1,
-                                  "next_proto is not ipv4!")
+            self.test.assertEqual(gpe_hdr.next_proto, 1, "next_proto is not ipv4!")
             ih = gpe_hdr[IP]
-            self.test.assertEqual(ih.src, self.test.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                  "unexpected source EID!")
-            self.test.assertEqual(ih.dst, self.test.deid_ip4,
-                                  "unexpected dest EID!")
+            self.test.assertEqual(
+                ih.src, self.test.pg0.remote_ip4, "unexpected source EID!"
+            )
+            self.test.assertEqual(ih.dst, self.test.deid_ip4, "unexpected dest EID!")
         except:
-            self.test.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:",
-                                   packet))
+            self.test.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:", packet))
             raise
 
     def configure_tc(self, tc):
@@ -125,26 +139,26 @@ class SimpleDriver(Driver):
                 vpp_object.add_vpp_config()
 
     def run(self, dest):
-        """ Send traffic for each test case and verify that it
-            is encapsulated """
+        """Send traffic for each test case and verify that it
+        is encapsulated"""
         for tc in enumerate(self.test_cases):
-            self.test.logger.info('Running {}'.format(tc[1]['name']))
+            self.test.logger.info("Running {}".format(tc[1]["name"]))
             self.configure_tc(tc[1])
 
-            packet = self.create_packet(self.test.pg0, self.test.pg1, dest,
-                                        'data')
+            packet = self.create_packet(self.test.pg0, self.test.pg1, dest, "data")
             self.test.pg0.add_stream(packet)
             self.test.pg0.enable_capture()
             self.test.pg1.enable_capture()
             self.test.pg_start()
             capture = self.test.pg1.get_capture(1)
-            self.verify_capture(self.test.pg1.local_ip4,
-                                self.test.pg1.remote_ip4, capture)
+            self.verify_capture(
+                self.test.pg1.local_ip4, self.test.pg1.remote_ip4, capture
+            )
             self.test.pg0.assert_nothing_captured()
 
 
 class TestLisp(VppTestCase):
-    """ Basic LISP test """
+    """Basic LISP test"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -169,26 +183,23 @@ class TestLisp(VppTestCase):
 
         self.deid_ip4_net = self.faf.net
         self.deid_ip4 = self.faf.get_ip4()
-        self.seid_ip4 = '{!s}/{!s}'.format(self.pg0.local_ip4, 32)
+        self.seid_ip4 = "{!s}/{!s}".format(self.pg0.local_ip4, 32)
         self.rloc_ip4 = self.pg1.remote_ip4
 
         test_cases = [
             {
-                'name': 'basic ip4 over ip4',
-                'locator-sets': [VppLispLocatorSet(self, 'ls-4o4')],
-                'locators': [
-                    VppLispLocator(self, self.pg1.sw_if_index, 'ls-4o4')
+                "name": "basic ip4 over ip4",
+                "locator-sets": [VppLispLocatorSet(self, "ls-4o4")],
+                "locators": [VppLispLocator(self, self.pg1.sw_if_index, "ls-4o4")],
+                "local-mappings": [VppLocalMapping(self, self.seid_ip4, "ls-4o4")],
+                "remote-mappings": [
+                    VppRemoteMapping(
+                        self, self.deid_ip4_net, [LispRemoteLocator(self.rloc_ip4)]
+                    )
                 ],
-                'local-mappings': [
-                    VppLocalMapping(self, self.seid_ip4, 'ls-4o4')
-                ],
-                'remote-mappings': [
-                    VppRemoteMapping(self, self.deid_ip4_net,
-                                     [LispRemoteLocator(self.rloc_ip4)])
-                ],
-                'adjacencies': [
+                "adjacencies": [
                     VppLispAdjacency(self, self.seid_ip4, self.deid_ip4_net)
-                ]
+                ],
             }
         ]
         self.test_driver = SimpleDriver(self, test_cases)
@@ -196,7 +207,7 @@ class TestLisp(VppTestCase):
 
 
 class TestLispUT(VppTestCase):
-    """ Lisp UT """
+    """Lisp UT"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -207,7 +218,7 @@ class TestLispUT(VppTestCase):
         super(TestLispUT, cls).tearDownClass()
 
     def test_fib(self):
-        """ LISP Unit Tests """
+        """LISP Unit Tests"""
         error = self.vapi.cli("test lisp cp")
 
         if error:
@@ -215,5 +226,5 @@ class TestLispUT(VppTestCase):
         self.assertNotIn("Failed", error)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_mactime.py b/test/test_mactime.py
index 1eaeeb53a9d..a9f981e6261 100644
--- a/test/test_mactime.py
+++ b/test/test_mactime.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from vpp_ip_route import VppIpTable, VppIpRoute, VppRoutePath
 
 
 class TestMactime(VppTestCase):
-    """ Mactime Unit Test Cases """
+    """Mactime Unit Test Cases"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -25,137 +25,140 @@ class TestMactime(VppTestCase):
         super(TestMactime, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_mactime_range_unittest(self):
-        """ Time Range Test """
+        """Time Range Test"""
         error = self.vapi.cli("test time-range")
 
         if error:
             self.logger.critical(error)
-        self.assertNotIn('FAILED', error)
+        self.assertNotIn("FAILED", error)
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.gcov, "part of code coverage tests")
     def test_mactime_unittest(self):
-        """ Mactime Plugin Code Coverage Test """
-        cmds = ["loopback create",
-                "mactime enable-disable disable",
-                "mactime enable-disable loop0",
-                "mactime enable-disable loop0 disable",
-                "mactime enable-disable sw_if_index 9999",
-                "bin mactime_enable_disable loop0",
-                "bin mactime_enable_disable loop0 disable",
-                "bin mactime_enable_disable sw_if_index 1",
-                "set interface state loop0 up",
-                "clear mactime",
-                "set ip neighbor loop0 192.168.1.1 00:d0:2d:5e:86:85",
-                "bin mactime_add_del_range name sallow "
-                "mac 00:d0:2d:5e:86:85 allow-static del",
-                "bin mactime_add_del_range name sallow "
-                "mac 00:d0:2d:5e:86:85 allow-static",
-                "bin mactime_add_del_range name sallow "
-                "mac 00:d0:2d:5e:86:85 allow-static del",
-                "bin mactime_add_del_range name sallow "
-                "mac 00:d0:2d:5e:86:85 allow-static",
-                "bin mactime_add_del_range name sblock "
-                "mac 01:00:5e:7f:ff:fa drop-static",
-                "bin mactime_add_del_range name ddrop "
-                "mac c8:bc:c8:5a:ba:f3 drop-range Sun - Sat "
-                "00:00 - 23:59",
-                "bin mactime_add_del_range name dallow "
-                "mac c8:bc:c8:5a:ba:f4 allow-range Sun - Sat "
-                "00:00 - 23:59",
-                "bin mactime_add_del_range name multi "
-                "mac c8:bc:c8:f0:f0:f0 allow-range Sun - Mon "
-                "00:00 - 23:59 Tue - Sat 00:00 - 23:59",
-                "bin mactime_add_del_range bogus",
-                "bin mactime_add_del_range mac 01:00:5e:7f:f0:f0 allow-static",
-                "bin mactime_add_del_range "
-                "name tooloooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo"
-                "nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnng mac 00:00:de:ad:be:ef "
-                "allow-static",
-                "packet-generator new {\n"
-                " name allow\n"
-                " limit 15\n"
-                " size 128-128\n"
-                " interface loop0\n"
-                " node ethernet-input\n"
-                " data {\n"
-                "   IP6: 00:d0:2d:5e:86:85 -> 00:0d:ea:d0:00:00\n"
-                "   ICMP: db00::1 -> db00::2\n"
-                "   incrementing 30\n"
-                "   }\n",
-                "}\n",
-                "packet-generator new {\n"
-                " name deny\n"
-                " limit 15\n"
-                " size 128-128\n"
-                " interface loop0\n"
-                " node ethernet-input\n"
-                " data {\n"
-                "   IP6: 01:00:5e:7f:ff:fa -> 00:0d:ea:d0:00:00\n"
-                "   ICMP: db00::1 -> db00::2\n"
-                "   incrementing 30\n"
-                "   }\n",
-                "}\n",
-                "packet-generator new {\n"
-                " name ddrop\n"
-                " limit 15\n"
-                " size 128-128\n"
-                " interface loop0\n"
-                " node ethernet-input\n"
-                " data {\n"
-                "   IP6: c8:bc:c8:5a:ba:f3 -> 00:0d:ea:d0:00:00\n"
-                "   ICMP: db00::1 -> db00::2\n"
-                "   incrementing 30\n"
-                "   }\n",
-                "}\n",
-                "packet-generator new {\n"
-                " name dallow\n"
-                " limit 15\n"
-                " size 128-128\n"
-                " interface loop0\n"
-                " node ethernet-input\n"
-                " data {\n"
-                "   IP6: c8:bc:c8:5a:ba:f4 -> 00:0d:ea:d0:00:00\n"
-                "   ICMP: db00::1 -> db00::2\n"
-                "   incrementing 30\n"
-                "   }\n"
-                "}\n"
-                "packet-generator new {\n"
-                " name makeentry\n"
-                " limit 15\n"
-                " size 128-128\n"
-                " interface loop0\n"
-                " node ethernet-input\n"
-                " data {\n"
-                "   IP6: c8:bc:c8:5a:b0:0b -> 00:0d:ea:d0:00:00\n"
-                "   ICMP: db00::1 -> db00::2\n"
-                "   incrementing 30\n"
-                "   }\n"
-                "}\n"
-                "packet-generator new {\n"
-                " name tx\n"
-                " limit 15\n"
-                " size 128-128\n"
-                " interface local0\n"
-                " tx-interface loop0\n"
-                " node loop0-output\n"
-                " data {\n"
-                "   hex 0x01005e7ffffa000dead000000800"
-                "0102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f0102030405\n"
-                "   }\n"
-                "}\n"
-                "trace add pg-input 2",
-                "pa en",
-                "show mactime verbose 2",
-                "show trace",
-                "show error"]
+        """Mactime Plugin Code Coverage Test"""
+        cmds = [
+            "loopback create",
+            "mactime enable-disable disable",
+            "mactime enable-disable loop0",
+            "mactime enable-disable loop0 disable",
+            "mactime enable-disable sw_if_index 9999",
+            "bin mactime_enable_disable loop0",
+            "bin mactime_enable_disable loop0 disable",
+            "bin mactime_enable_disable sw_if_index 1",
+            "set interface state loop0 up",
+            "clear mactime",
+            "set ip neighbor loop0 192.168.1.1 00:d0:2d:5e:86:85",
+            "bin mactime_add_del_range name sallow "
+            "mac 00:d0:2d:5e:86:85 allow-static del",
+            "bin mactime_add_del_range name sallow "
+            "mac 00:d0:2d:5e:86:85 allow-static",
+            "bin mactime_add_del_range name sallow "
+            "mac 00:d0:2d:5e:86:85 allow-static del",
+            "bin mactime_add_del_range name sallow "
+            "mac 00:d0:2d:5e:86:85 allow-static",
+            "bin mactime_add_del_range name sblock "
+            "mac 01:00:5e:7f:ff:fa drop-static",
+            "bin mactime_add_del_range name ddrop "
+            "mac c8:bc:c8:5a:ba:f3 drop-range Sun - Sat "
+            "00:00 - 23:59",
+            "bin mactime_add_del_range name dallow "
+            "mac c8:bc:c8:5a:ba:f4 allow-range Sun - Sat "
+            "00:00 - 23:59",
+            "bin mactime_add_del_range name multi "
+            "mac c8:bc:c8:f0:f0:f0 allow-range Sun - Mon "
+            "00:00 - 23:59 Tue - Sat 00:00 - 23:59",
+            "bin mactime_add_del_range bogus",
+            "bin mactime_add_del_range mac 01:00:5e:7f:f0:f0 allow-static",
+            "bin mactime_add_del_range "
+            "name tooloooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo"
+            "nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnng mac 00:00:de:ad:be:ef "
+            "allow-static",
+            "packet-generator new {\n"
+            " name allow\n"
+            " limit 15\n"
+            " size 128-128\n"
+            " interface loop0\n"
+            " node ethernet-input\n"
+            " data {\n"
+            "   IP6: 00:d0:2d:5e:86:85 -> 00:0d:ea:d0:00:00\n"
+            "   ICMP: db00::1 -> db00::2\n"
+            "   incrementing 30\n"
+            "   }\n",
+            "}\n",
+            "packet-generator new {\n"
+            " name deny\n"
+            " limit 15\n"
+            " size 128-128\n"
+            " interface loop0\n"
+            " node ethernet-input\n"
+            " data {\n"
+            "   IP6: 01:00:5e:7f:ff:fa -> 00:0d:ea:d0:00:00\n"
+            "   ICMP: db00::1 -> db00::2\n"
+            "   incrementing 30\n"
+            "   }\n",
+            "}\n",
+            "packet-generator new {\n"
+            " name ddrop\n"
+            " limit 15\n"
+            " size 128-128\n"
+            " interface loop0\n"
+            " node ethernet-input\n"
+            " data {\n"
+            "   IP6: c8:bc:c8:5a:ba:f3 -> 00:0d:ea:d0:00:00\n"
+            "   ICMP: db00::1 -> db00::2\n"
+            "   incrementing 30\n"
+            "   }\n",
+            "}\n",
+            "packet-generator new {\n"
+            " name dallow\n"
+            " limit 15\n"
+            " size 128-128\n"
+            " interface loop0\n"
+            " node ethernet-input\n"
+            " data {\n"
+            "   IP6: c8:bc:c8:5a:ba:f4 -> 00:0d:ea:d0:00:00\n"
+            "   ICMP: db00::1 -> db00::2\n"
+            "   incrementing 30\n"
+            "   }\n"
+            "}\n"
+            "packet-generator new {\n"
+            " name makeentry\n"
+            " limit 15\n"
+            " size 128-128\n"
+            " interface loop0\n"
+            " node ethernet-input\n"
+            " data {\n"
+            "   IP6: c8:bc:c8:5a:b0:0b -> 00:0d:ea:d0:00:00\n"
+            "   ICMP: db00::1 -> db00::2\n"
+            "   incrementing 30\n"
+            "   }\n"
+            "}\n"
+            "packet-generator new {\n"
+            " name tx\n"
+            " limit 15\n"
+            " size 128-128\n"
+            " interface local0\n"
+            " tx-interface loop0\n"
+            " node loop0-output\n"
+            " data {\n"
+            "   hex 0x01005e7ffffa000dead000000800"
+            "0102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f0102030405\n"
+            "   }\n"
+            "}\n"
+            "trace add pg-input 2",
+            "pa en",
+            "show mactime verbose 2",
+            "show trace",
+            "show error",
+        ]
 
         for cmd in cmds:
             r = self.vapi.cli_return_response(cmd)
             if r.retval != 0:
-                if hasattr(r, 'reply'):
+                if hasattr(r, "reply"):
                     self.logger.info(cmd + " FAIL reply " + r.reply)
                 else:
                     self.logger.info(cmd + " FAIL retval " + str(r.retval))
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_map.py b/test/test_map.py
index 22fe1e1d20a..16e9607cedc 100644
--- a/test/test_map.py
+++ b/test/test_map.py
@@ -12,12 +12,17 @@ import scapy.compat
 from scapy.layers.l2 import Ether
 from scapy.packet import Raw
 from scapy.layers.inet import IP, UDP, ICMP, TCP
-from scapy.layers.inet6 import IPv6, ICMPv6TimeExceeded, IPv6ExtHdrFragment, \
-    ICMPv6EchoRequest, ICMPv6DestUnreach
+from scapy.layers.inet6 import (
+    IPv6,
+    ICMPv6TimeExceeded,
+    IPv6ExtHdrFragment,
+    ICMPv6EchoRequest,
+    ICMPv6DestUnreach,
+)
 
 
 class TestMAP(VppTestCase):
-    """ MAP Test Case """
+    """MAP Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -69,27 +74,24 @@ class TestMAP(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(rx[IPv6].src, ip6_src)
             self.assertEqual(rx[IPv6].dst, ip6_dst)
 
-    def send_and_assert_encapped_one(self, packet, ip6_src, ip6_dst,
-                                     dmac=None):
+    def send_and_assert_encapped_one(self, packet, ip6_src, ip6_dst, dmac=None):
         return self.send_and_assert_encapped([packet], ip6_src, ip6_dst, dmac)
 
     def test_api_map_domain_dump(self):
-        map_dst = '2001::/64'
-        map_src = '3000::1/128'
-        client_pfx = '192.168.0.0/16'
-        tag = 'MAP-E tag.'
-        index = self.vapi.map_add_domain(ip4_prefix=client_pfx,
-                                         ip6_prefix=map_dst,
-                                         ip6_src=map_src,
-                                         tag=tag).index
+        map_dst = "2001::/64"
+        map_src = "3000::1/128"
+        client_pfx = "192.168.0.0/16"
+        tag = "MAP-E tag."
+        index = self.vapi.map_add_domain(
+            ip4_prefix=client_pfx, ip6_prefix=map_dst, ip6_src=map_src, tag=tag
+        ).index
         rv = self.vapi.map_domain_dump()
 
         # restore the state early so as to not impact subsequent tests.
         # If an assert fails, we will not get the chance to do it at the end.
         self.vapi.map_del_domain(index=index)
 
-        self.assertGreater(len(rv), 0,
-                           "Expected output from 'map_domain_dump'")
+        self.assertGreater(len(rv), 0, "Expected output from 'map_domain_dump'")
 
         # typedefs are returned as ipaddress objects.
         # wrap results in str() ugh! to avoid the need to call unicode.
@@ -97,8 +99,7 @@ class TestMAP(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(str(rv[0].ip6_prefix), map_dst)
         self.assertEqual(str(rv[0].ip6_src), map_src)
 
-        self.assertEqual(rv[0].tag, tag,
-                         "output produced incorrect tag value.")
+        self.assertEqual(rv[0].tag, tag, "output produced incorrect tag value.")
 
     def create_domains(self, ip4_pfx_str, ip6_pfx_str, ip6_src_str):
         ip4_pfx = ipaddress.ip_network(ip4_pfx_str)
@@ -106,24 +107,25 @@ class TestMAP(VppTestCase):
         mod = ip4_pfx.num_addresses / 1024
         indicies = []
         for i in range(ip4_pfx.num_addresses):
-            rv = self.vapi.map_add_domain(ip6_prefix=ip6_pfx_str,
-                                          ip4_prefix=str(ip4_pfx[i]) + "/32",
-                                          ip6_src=ip6_src_str)
+            rv = self.vapi.map_add_domain(
+                ip6_prefix=ip6_pfx_str,
+                ip4_prefix=str(ip4_pfx[i]) + "/32",
+                ip6_src=ip6_src_str,
+            )
             indicies.append(rv.index)
         return indicies
 
     def test_api_map_domains_get(self):
         # Create a bunch of domains
         no_domains = 4096  # This must be large enough to ensure VPP suspends
-        domains = self.create_domains('130.67.0.0/20', '2001::/32',
-                                      '2001::1/128')
+        domains = self.create_domains("130.67.0.0/20", "2001::/32", "2001::1/128")
         self.assertEqual(len(domains), no_domains)
 
         d = []
         cursor = 0
 
         # Invalid cursor
-        rv, details = self.vapi.map_domains_get(cursor=no_domains+10)
+        rv, details = self.vapi.map_domains_get(cursor=no_domains + 10)
         self.assertEqual(rv.retval, -7)
 
         # Delete a domain in the middle of walk
@@ -144,48 +146,53 @@ class TestMAP(VppTestCase):
             self.vapi.map_del_domain(index=i)
 
     def test_map_e_udp(self):
-        """ MAP-E UDP"""
+        """MAP-E UDP"""
 
         #
         # Add a route to the MAP-BR
         #
         map_br_pfx = "2001::"
         map_br_pfx_len = 32
-        map_route = VppIpRoute(self,
-                               map_br_pfx,
-                               map_br_pfx_len,
-                               [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                                             self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
+        map_route = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            map_br_pfx,
+            map_br_pfx_len,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6, self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         map_route.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # Add a domain that maps from pg0 to pg1
         #
-        map_dst = '2001::/32'
-        map_src = '3000::1/128'
-        client_pfx = '192.168.0.0/16'
-        map_translated_addr = '2001:0:101:7000:0:c0a8:101:7'
-        tag = 'MAP-E tag.'
-        self.vapi.map_add_domain(ip4_prefix=client_pfx,
-                                 ip6_prefix=map_dst,
-                                 ip6_src=map_src,
-                                 ea_bits_len=20,
-                                 psid_offset=4,
-                                 psid_length=4,
-                                 tag=tag)
+        map_dst = "2001::/32"
+        map_src = "3000::1/128"
+        client_pfx = "192.168.0.0/16"
+        map_translated_addr = "2001:0:101:7000:0:c0a8:101:7"
+        tag = "MAP-E tag."
+        self.vapi.map_add_domain(
+            ip4_prefix=client_pfx,
+            ip6_prefix=map_dst,
+            ip6_src=map_src,
+            ea_bits_len=20,
+            psid_offset=4,
+            psid_length=4,
+            tag=tag,
+        )
 
         self.vapi.map_param_set_security_check(enable=1, fragments=1)
 
         # Enable MAP on interface.
-        self.vapi.map_if_enable_disable(is_enable=1,
-                                        sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                        is_translation=0)
+        self.vapi.map_if_enable_disable(
+            is_enable=1, sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, is_translation=0
+        )
 
         # Ensure MAP doesn't steal all packets!
-        v4 = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-              IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4) /
-              UDP(sport=20000, dport=10000) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        v4 = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=20000, dport=10000)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, v4 * 4, self.pg0)
         v4_reply = v4[1]
         v4_reply.ttl -= 1
@@ -195,20 +202,24 @@ class TestMAP(VppTestCase):
         #
         # Fire in a v4 packet that will be encapped to the BR
         #
-        v4 = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-              IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst='192.168.1.1') /
-              UDP(sport=20000, dport=10000) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        v4 = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="192.168.1.1")
+            / UDP(sport=20000, dport=10000)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         self.send_and_assert_encapped(v4 * 4, "3000::1", map_translated_addr)
 
         #
         # Verify reordered fragments are able to pass as well
         #
-        v4 = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-              IP(id=1, src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst='192.168.1.1') /
-              UDP(sport=20000, dport=10000) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 1000))
+        v4 = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(id=1, src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="192.168.1.1")
+            / UDP(sport=20000, dport=10000)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 1000)
+        )
 
         frags = fragment_rfc791(v4, 400)
         frags.reverse()
@@ -216,16 +227,18 @@ class TestMAP(VppTestCase):
         self.send_and_assert_encapped(frags, "3000::1", map_translated_addr)
 
         # Enable MAP on interface.
-        self.vapi.map_if_enable_disable(is_enable=1,
-                                        sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                        is_translation=0)
+        self.vapi.map_if_enable_disable(
+            is_enable=1, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_translation=0
+        )
 
         # Ensure MAP doesn't steal all packets
-        v6 = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-              IPv6(src=self.pg1.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6) /
-              UDP(sport=20000, dport=10000) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, v6*1, self.pg1)
+        v6 = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg1.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=20000, dport=10000)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
+        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, v6 * 1, self.pg1)
         v6_reply = v6[1]
         v6_reply.hlim -= 1
         for p in rx:
@@ -235,11 +248,13 @@ class TestMAP(VppTestCase):
         # Fire in a V6 encapped packet.
         # expect a decapped packet on the inside ip4 link
         #
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(dst='3000::1', src=map_translated_addr) /
-             IP(dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4, src='192.168.1.1') /
-             UDP(sport=10000, dport=20000) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(dst="3000::1", src=map_translated_addr)
+            / IP(dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4, src="192.168.1.1")
+            / UDP(sport=10000, dport=20000)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         self.pg1.add_stream(p)
 
@@ -256,15 +271,20 @@ class TestMAP(VppTestCase):
         #
         # Verify encapped reordered fragments pass as well
         #
-        p = (IP(id=1, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4, src='192.168.1.1') /
-             UDP(sport=10000, dport=20000) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 1500))
+        p = (
+            IP(id=1, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4, src="192.168.1.1")
+            / UDP(sport=10000, dport=20000)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 1500)
+        )
         frags = fragment_rfc791(p, 400)
         frags.reverse()
 
-        stream = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-                  IPv6(dst='3000::1', src=map_translated_addr) /
-                  x for x in frags)
+        stream = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(dst="3000::1", src=map_translated_addr)
+            / x
+            for x in frags
+        )
 
         self.pg1.add_stream(stream)
 
@@ -279,15 +299,15 @@ class TestMAP(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(r[IP].dst, p[IP].dst)
 
         # Verify that fragments pass even if ipv6 layer is fragmented
-        stream = (IPv6(dst='3000::1', src=map_translated_addr) / x
-                  for x in frags)
+        stream = (IPv6(dst="3000::1", src=map_translated_addr) / x for x in frags)
 
         v6_stream = [
             Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) / x
             for i in range(len(frags))
             for x in fragment_rfc8200(
-                IPv6(dst='3000::1', src=map_translated_addr) / frags[i],
-                i, 200)]
+                IPv6(dst="3000::1", src=map_translated_addr) / frags[i], i, 200
+            )
+        ]
 
         self.pg1.add_stream(v6_stream)
 
@@ -306,32 +326,35 @@ class TestMAP(VppTestCase):
         #
         self.vapi.ppcli("map params pre-resolve ip6-nh 4001::1")
 
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, v4,
-                                        "resolved via default route")
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, v4, "resolved via default route")
 
         #
         # Add a route to 4001::1. Expect the encapped traffic to be
         # sent via that routes next-hop
         #
-        pre_res_route = VppIpRoute(self, "4001::1", 128,
-                                   [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].ip6,
-                                                 self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
+        pre_res_route = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "4001::1",
+            128,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].ip6, self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         pre_res_route.add_vpp_config()
 
-        self.send_and_assert_encapped_one(v4, "3000::1",
-                                          map_translated_addr,
-                                          dmac=self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].mac)
+        self.send_and_assert_encapped_one(
+            v4, "3000::1", map_translated_addr, dmac=self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].mac
+        )
 
         #
         # change the route to the pre-solved next-hop
         #
-        pre_res_route.modify([VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_hosts[3].ip6,
-                                           self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
+        pre_res_route.modify(
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_hosts[3].ip6, self.pg1.sw_if_index)]
+        )
         pre_res_route.add_vpp_config()
 
-        self.send_and_assert_encapped_one(v4, "3000::1",
-                                          map_translated_addr,
-                                          dmac=self.pg1.remote_hosts[3].mac)
+        self.send_and_assert_encapped_one(
+            v4, "3000::1", map_translated_addr, dmac=self.pg1.remote_hosts[3].mac
+        )
 
         #
         # cleanup. The test infra's object registry will ensure
@@ -341,51 +364,56 @@ class TestMAP(VppTestCase):
         self.vapi.ppcli("map params pre-resolve del ip6-nh 4001::1")
 
     def test_map_e_inner_frag(self):
-        """ MAP-E Inner fragmentation """
+        """MAP-E Inner fragmentation"""
 
         #
         # Add a route to the MAP-BR
         #
         map_br_pfx = "2001::"
         map_br_pfx_len = 32
-        map_route = VppIpRoute(self,
-                               map_br_pfx,
-                               map_br_pfx_len,
-                               [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                                             self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
+        map_route = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            map_br_pfx,
+            map_br_pfx_len,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6, self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         map_route.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # Add a domain that maps from pg0 to pg1
         #
-        map_dst = '2001::/32'
-        map_src = '3000::1/128'
-        client_pfx = '192.168.0.0/16'
-        map_translated_addr = '2001:0:101:7000:0:c0a8:101:7'
-        tag = 'MAP-E tag.'
-        self.vapi.map_add_domain(ip4_prefix=client_pfx,
-                                 ip6_prefix=map_dst,
-                                 ip6_src=map_src,
-                                 ea_bits_len=20,
-                                 psid_offset=4,
-                                 psid_length=4,
-                                 mtu=1000,
-                                 tag=tag)
+        map_dst = "2001::/32"
+        map_src = "3000::1/128"
+        client_pfx = "192.168.0.0/16"
+        map_translated_addr = "2001:0:101:7000:0:c0a8:101:7"
+        tag = "MAP-E tag."
+        self.vapi.map_add_domain(
+            ip4_prefix=client_pfx,
+            ip6_prefix=map_dst,
+            ip6_src=map_src,
+            ea_bits_len=20,
+            psid_offset=4,
+            psid_length=4,
+            mtu=1000,
+            tag=tag,
+        )
 
         # Enable MAP on interface.
-        self.vapi.map_if_enable_disable(is_enable=1,
-                                        sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                        is_translation=0)
+        self.vapi.map_if_enable_disable(
+            is_enable=1, sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, is_translation=0
+        )
 
         # Enable inner fragmentation
         self.vapi.map_param_set_fragmentation(inner=1)
 
-        v4 = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-              IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst='192.168.1.1') /
-              UDP(sport=20000, dport=10000) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 1300))
+        v4 = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="192.168.1.1")
+            / UDP(sport=20000, dport=10000)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 1300)
+        )
 
-        self.pg_send(self.pg0, v4*1)
+        self.pg_send(self.pg0, v4 * 1)
         rx = self.pg1.get_capture(2)
 
         # 1000-sizeof(ip6_header_t) = 960.
@@ -397,10 +425,8 @@ class TestMAP(VppTestCase):
         frags[0].chksum = 0
         frags[1].chksum = 0
 
-        v6_reply1 = (IPv6(src='3000::1', dst=map_translated_addr, hlim=63) /
-                     frags[0])
-        v6_reply2 = (IPv6(src='3000::1', dst=map_translated_addr, hlim=63) /
-                     frags[1])
+        v6_reply1 = IPv6(src="3000::1", dst=map_translated_addr, hlim=63) / frags[0]
+        v6_reply2 = IPv6(src="3000::1", dst=map_translated_addr, hlim=63) / frags[1]
         rx[0][1].fl = 0
         rx[1][1].fl = 0
         rx[0][1][IP].id = 0
@@ -412,45 +438,48 @@ class TestMAP(VppTestCase):
         self.validate(rx[1][1], v6_reply2)
 
     def test_map_e_tcp_mss(self):
-        """ MAP-E TCP MSS"""
+        """MAP-E TCP MSS"""
 
         #
         # Add a route to the MAP-BR
         #
         map_br_pfx = "2001::"
         map_br_pfx_len = 32
-        map_route = VppIpRoute(self,
-                               map_br_pfx,
-                               map_br_pfx_len,
-                               [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                                             self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
+        map_route = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            map_br_pfx,
+            map_br_pfx_len,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6, self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         map_route.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # Add a domain that maps from pg0 to pg1
         #
-        map_dst = '2001::/32'
-        map_src = '3000::1/128'
-        client_pfx = '192.168.0.0/16'
-        map_translated_addr = '2001:0:101:5000:0:c0a8:101:5'
-        tag = 'MAP-E TCP tag.'
-        self.vapi.map_add_domain(ip4_prefix=client_pfx,
-                                 ip6_prefix=map_dst,
-                                 ip6_src=map_src,
-                                 ea_bits_len=20,
-                                 psid_offset=4,
-                                 psid_length=4,
-                                 tag=tag)
+        map_dst = "2001::/32"
+        map_src = "3000::1/128"
+        client_pfx = "192.168.0.0/16"
+        map_translated_addr = "2001:0:101:5000:0:c0a8:101:5"
+        tag = "MAP-E TCP tag."
+        self.vapi.map_add_domain(
+            ip4_prefix=client_pfx,
+            ip6_prefix=map_dst,
+            ip6_src=map_src,
+            ea_bits_len=20,
+            psid_offset=4,
+            psid_length=4,
+            tag=tag,
+        )
 
         # Enable MAP on pg0 interface.
-        self.vapi.map_if_enable_disable(is_enable=1,
-                                        sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                        is_translation=0)
+        self.vapi.map_if_enable_disable(
+            is_enable=1, sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, is_translation=0
+        )
 
         # Enable MAP on pg1 interface.
-        self.vapi.map_if_enable_disable(is_enable=1,
-                                        sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                        is_translation=0)
+        self.vapi.map_if_enable_disable(
+            is_enable=1, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_translation=0
+        )
 
         # TCP MSS clamping
         mss_clamp = 1300
@@ -460,9 +489,8 @@ class TestMAP(VppTestCase):
         # Send a v4 packet that will be encapped.
         #
         p_ether = Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
-        p_ip4 = IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst='192.168.1.1')
-        p_tcp = TCP(sport=20000, dport=30000, flags="S",
-                    options=[("MSS", 1455)])
+        p_ip4 = IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="192.168.1.1")
+        p_tcp = TCP(sport=20000, dport=30000, flags="S", options=[("MSS", 1455)])
         p4 = p_ether / p_ip4 / p_tcp
 
         self.pg1.add_stream(p4)
@@ -476,8 +504,7 @@ class TestMAP(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(rx[IP].src, p4[IP].src)
         self.assertEqual(rx[IP].dst, p4[IP].dst)
         self.assertEqual(rx[IPv6].src, "3000::1")
-        self.assertEqual(rx[TCP].options,
-                         TCP(options=[('MSS', mss_clamp)]).options)
+        self.assertEqual(rx[TCP].options, TCP(options=[("MSS", mss_clamp)]).options)
 
     def validate(self, rx, expected):
         self.assertEqual(rx, expected.__class__(scapy.compat.raw(expected)))
@@ -520,173 +547,202 @@ class TestMAP(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(payload_total, payload_len_expected)
 
     def payload(self, len):
-        return 'x' * len
+        return "x" * len
 
     def test_map_t(self):
-        """ MAP-T """
+        """MAP-T"""
 
         #
         # Add a domain that maps from pg0 to pg1
         #
-        map_dst = '2001:db8::/32'
-        map_src = '1234:5678:90ab:cdef::/64'
-        ip4_pfx = '192.168.0.0/24'
-        tag = 'MAP-T Tag.'
+        map_dst = "2001:db8::/32"
+        map_src = "1234:5678:90ab:cdef::/64"
+        ip4_pfx = "192.168.0.0/24"
+        tag = "MAP-T Tag."
 
-        self.vapi.map_add_domain(ip6_prefix=map_dst,
-                                 ip4_prefix=ip4_pfx,
-                                 ip6_src=map_src,
-                                 ea_bits_len=16,
-                                 psid_offset=6,
-                                 psid_length=4,
-                                 mtu=1500,
-                                 tag=tag)
+        self.vapi.map_add_domain(
+            ip6_prefix=map_dst,
+            ip4_prefix=ip4_pfx,
+            ip6_src=map_src,
+            ea_bits_len=16,
+            psid_offset=6,
+            psid_length=4,
+            mtu=1500,
+            tag=tag,
+        )
 
         # Enable MAP-T on interfaces.
-        self.vapi.map_if_enable_disable(is_enable=1,
-                                        sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                        is_translation=1)
-        self.vapi.map_if_enable_disable(is_enable=1,
-                                        sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                        is_translation=1)
+        self.vapi.map_if_enable_disable(
+            is_enable=1, sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, is_translation=1
+        )
+        self.vapi.map_if_enable_disable(
+            is_enable=1, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_translation=1
+        )
 
         # Ensure MAP doesn't steal all packets!
-        v4 = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-              IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4) /
-              UDP(sport=20000, dport=10000) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, v4*1, self.pg0)
+        v4 = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=20000, dport=10000)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
+        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, v4 * 1, self.pg0)
         v4_reply = v4[1]
         v4_reply.ttl -= 1
         for p in rx:
             self.validate(p[1], v4_reply)
         # Ensure MAP doesn't steal all packets
-        v6 = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-              IPv6(src=self.pg1.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6) /
-              UDP(sport=20000, dport=10000) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, v6*1, self.pg1)
+        v6 = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg1.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=20000, dport=10000)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
+        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, v6 * 1, self.pg1)
         v6_reply = v6[1]
         v6_reply.hlim -= 1
         for p in rx:
             self.validate(p[1], v6_reply)
 
-        map_route = VppIpRoute(self,
-                               "2001:db8::",
-                               32,
-                               [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                                             self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                             proto=DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_IP6)])
+        map_route = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "2001:db8::",
+            32,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg1.remote_ip6,
+                    self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+                    proto=DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_IP6,
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         map_route.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # Send a v4 packet that will be translated
         #
         p_ether = Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
-        p_ip4 = IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst='192.168.0.1')
-        payload = TCP(sport=0xabcd, dport=0xabcd)
+        p_ip4 = IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="192.168.0.1")
+        payload = TCP(sport=0xABCD, dport=0xABCD)
 
-        p4 = (p_ether / p_ip4 / payload)
-        p6_translated = (IPv6(src="1234:5678:90ab:cdef:ac:1001:200:0",
-                              dst="2001:db8:1f0::c0a8:1:f") / payload)
+        p4 = p_ether / p_ip4 / payload
+        p6_translated = (
+            IPv6(src="1234:5678:90ab:cdef:ac:1001:200:0", dst="2001:db8:1f0::c0a8:1:f")
+            / payload
+        )
         p6_translated.hlim -= 1
-        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p4*1, self.pg1)
+        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p4 * 1, self.pg1)
         for p in rx:
             self.validate(p[1], p6_translated)
 
         # Send back an IPv6 packet that will be "untranslated"
         p_ether6 = Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
-        p_ip6 = IPv6(src='2001:db8:1f0::c0a8:1:f',
-                     dst='1234:5678:90ab:cdef:ac:1001:200:0')
-        p6 = (p_ether6 / p_ip6 / payload)
-        p4_translated = (IP(src='192.168.0.1',
-                            dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4) / payload)
+        p_ip6 = IPv6(
+            src="2001:db8:1f0::c0a8:1:f", dst="1234:5678:90ab:cdef:ac:1001:200:0"
+        )
+        p6 = p_ether6 / p_ip6 / payload
+        p4_translated = IP(src="192.168.0.1", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4) / payload
         p4_translated.id = 0
         p4_translated.ttl -= 1
-        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p6*1, self.pg0)
+        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p6 * 1, self.pg0)
         for p in rx:
             self.validate(p[1], p4_translated)
 
         # IPv4 TTL=0
-        ip4_ttl_expired = IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst='192.168.0.1', ttl=0)
-        p4 = (p_ether / ip4_ttl_expired / payload)
+        ip4_ttl_expired = IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="192.168.0.1", ttl=0)
+        p4 = p_ether / ip4_ttl_expired / payload
 
-        icmp4_reply = (IP(id=0, ttl=254, src=self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                          dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4) /
-                       ICMP(type='time-exceeded',
-                            code='ttl-zero-during-transit') /
-                       IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                          dst='192.168.0.1', ttl=0) / payload)
-        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p4*1, self.pg0)
+        icmp4_reply = (
+            IP(id=0, ttl=254, src=self.pg0.local_ip4, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+            / ICMP(type="time-exceeded", code="ttl-zero-during-transit")
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="192.168.0.1", ttl=0)
+            / payload
+        )
+        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p4 * 1, self.pg0)
         for p in rx:
             self.validate(p[1], icmp4_reply)
 
         # IPv4 TTL=1
-        ip4_ttl_expired = IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst='192.168.0.1', ttl=1)
-        p4 = (p_ether / ip4_ttl_expired / payload)
+        ip4_ttl_expired = IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="192.168.0.1", ttl=1)
+        p4 = p_ether / ip4_ttl_expired / payload
 
-        icmp4_reply = (IP(id=0, ttl=254, src=self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                          dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4) /
-                       ICMP(type='time-exceeded',
-                            code='ttl-zero-during-transit') /
-                       IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                          dst='192.168.0.1', ttl=1) / payload)
-        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p4*1, self.pg0)
+        icmp4_reply = (
+            IP(id=0, ttl=254, src=self.pg0.local_ip4, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+            / ICMP(type="time-exceeded", code="ttl-zero-during-transit")
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="192.168.0.1", ttl=1)
+            / payload
+        )
+        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p4 * 1, self.pg0)
         for p in rx:
             self.validate(p[1], icmp4_reply)
 
         # IPv6 Hop limit at BR
-        ip6_hlim_expired = IPv6(hlim=1, src='2001:db8:1ab::c0a8:1:ab',
-                                dst='1234:5678:90ab:cdef:ac:1001:200:0')
-        p6 = (p_ether6 / ip6_hlim_expired / payload)
+        ip6_hlim_expired = IPv6(
+            hlim=1,
+            src="2001:db8:1ab::c0a8:1:ab",
+            dst="1234:5678:90ab:cdef:ac:1001:200:0",
+        )
+        p6 = p_ether6 / ip6_hlim_expired / payload
 
-        icmp6_reply = (IPv6(hlim=255, src=self.pg1.local_ip6,
-                            dst="2001:db8:1ab::c0a8:1:ab") /
-                       ICMPv6TimeExceeded(code=0) /
-                       IPv6(src="2001:db8:1ab::c0a8:1:ab",
-                            dst='1234:5678:90ab:cdef:ac:1001:200:0',
-                            hlim=1) / payload)
-        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p6*1, self.pg1)
+        icmp6_reply = (
+            IPv6(hlim=255, src=self.pg1.local_ip6, dst="2001:db8:1ab::c0a8:1:ab")
+            / ICMPv6TimeExceeded(code=0)
+            / IPv6(
+                src="2001:db8:1ab::c0a8:1:ab",
+                dst="1234:5678:90ab:cdef:ac:1001:200:0",
+                hlim=1,
+            )
+            / payload
+        )
+        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p6 * 1, self.pg1)
         for p in rx:
             self.validate(p[1], icmp6_reply)
 
         # IPv6 Hop limit beyond BR
-        ip6_hlim_expired = IPv6(hlim=0, src='2001:db8:1ab::c0a8:1:ab',
-                                dst='1234:5678:90ab:cdef:ac:1001:200:0')
-        p6 = (p_ether6 / ip6_hlim_expired / payload)
+        ip6_hlim_expired = IPv6(
+            hlim=0,
+            src="2001:db8:1ab::c0a8:1:ab",
+            dst="1234:5678:90ab:cdef:ac:1001:200:0",
+        )
+        p6 = p_ether6 / ip6_hlim_expired / payload
 
-        icmp6_reply = (IPv6(hlim=255, src=self.pg1.local_ip6,
-                            dst="2001:db8:1ab::c0a8:1:ab") /
-                       ICMPv6TimeExceeded(code=0) /
-                       IPv6(src="2001:db8:1ab::c0a8:1:ab",
-                            dst='1234:5678:90ab:cdef:ac:1001:200:0',
-                            hlim=0) / payload)
-        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p6*1, self.pg1)
+        icmp6_reply = (
+            IPv6(hlim=255, src=self.pg1.local_ip6, dst="2001:db8:1ab::c0a8:1:ab")
+            / ICMPv6TimeExceeded(code=0)
+            / IPv6(
+                src="2001:db8:1ab::c0a8:1:ab",
+                dst="1234:5678:90ab:cdef:ac:1001:200:0",
+                hlim=0,
+            )
+            / payload
+        )
+        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p6 * 1, self.pg1)
         for p in rx:
             self.validate(p[1], icmp6_reply)
 
         # IPv4 Well-known port
-        p_ip4 = IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst='192.168.0.1')
+        p_ip4 = IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="192.168.0.1")
         payload = UDP(sport=200, dport=200)
-        p4 = (p_ether / p_ip4 / payload)
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p4*1)
+        p4 = p_ether / p_ip4 / payload
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p4 * 1)
 
         # IPv6 Well-known port
         payload = UDP(sport=200, dport=200)
-        p6 = (p_ether6 / p_ip6 / payload)
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg1, p6*1)
+        p6 = p_ether6 / p_ip6 / payload
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg1, p6 * 1)
 
         # UDP packet fragmentation
         payload_len = 1453
         payload = UDP(sport=40000, dport=4000) / self.payload(payload_len)
-        p4 = (p_ether / p_ip4 / payload)
+        p4 = p_ether / p_ip4 / payload
         self.pg_enable_capture()
         self.pg0.add_stream(p4)
         self.pg_start()
         rx = self.pg1.get_capture(2)
 
-        p_ip6_translated = IPv6(src='1234:5678:90ab:cdef:ac:1001:200:0',
-                                dst='2001:db8:1e0::c0a8:1:e')
+        p_ip6_translated = IPv6(
+            src="1234:5678:90ab:cdef:ac:1001:200:0", dst="2001:db8:1e0::c0a8:1:e"
+        )
         for p in rx:
             self.validate_frag6(p, p_ip6_translated)
 
@@ -695,7 +751,7 @@ class TestMAP(VppTestCase):
         # UDP packet fragmentation send fragments
         payload_len = 1453
         payload = UDP(sport=40000, dport=4000) / self.payload(payload_len)
-        p4 = (p_ether / p_ip4 / payload)
+        p4 = p_ether / p_ip4 / payload
         frags = fragment_rfc791(p4, fragsize=1000)
         self.pg_enable_capture()
         self.pg0.add_stream(frags)
@@ -710,13 +766,14 @@ class TestMAP(VppTestCase):
         # Send back an fragmented IPv6 UDP packet that will be "untranslated"
         payload = UDP(sport=4000, dport=40000) / self.payload(payload_len)
         p_ether6 = Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
-        p_ip6 = IPv6(src='2001:db8:1e0::c0a8:1:e',
-                     dst='1234:5678:90ab:cdef:ac:1001:200:0')
-        p6 = (p_ether6 / p_ip6 / payload)
-        frags6 = fragment_rfc8200(p6, identification=0xdcba, fragsize=1000)
+        p_ip6 = IPv6(
+            src="2001:db8:1e0::c0a8:1:e", dst="1234:5678:90ab:cdef:ac:1001:200:0"
+        )
+        p6 = p_ether6 / p_ip6 / payload
+        frags6 = fragment_rfc8200(p6, identification=0xDCBA, fragsize=1000)
 
-        p_ip4_translated = IP(src='192.168.0.1', dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4)
-        p4_translated = (p_ip4_translated / payload)
+        p_ip4_translated = IP(src="192.168.0.1", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        p4_translated = p_ip4_translated / payload
         p4_translated.id = 0
         p4_translated.ttl -= 1
 
@@ -732,14 +789,15 @@ class TestMAP(VppTestCase):
 
         # ICMP packet fragmentation
         payload = ICMP(id=6529) / self.payload(payload_len)
-        p4 = (p_ether / p_ip4 / payload)
+        p4 = p_ether / p_ip4 / payload
         self.pg_enable_capture()
         self.pg0.add_stream(p4)
         self.pg_start()
         rx = self.pg1.get_capture(2)
 
-        p_ip6_translated = IPv6(src='1234:5678:90ab:cdef:ac:1001:200:0',
-                                dst='2001:db8:160::c0a8:1:6')
+        p_ip6_translated = IPv6(
+            src="1234:5678:90ab:cdef:ac:1001:200:0", dst="2001:db8:160::c0a8:1:6"
+        )
         for p in rx:
             self.validate_frag6(p, p_ip6_translated)
 
@@ -747,7 +805,7 @@ class TestMAP(VppTestCase):
 
         # ICMP packet fragmentation send fragments
         payload = ICMP(id=6529) / self.payload(payload_len)
-        p4 = (p_ether / p_ip4 / payload)
+        p4 = p_ether / p_ip4 / payload
         frags = fragment_rfc791(p4, fragsize=1000)
         self.pg_enable_capture()
         self.pg0.add_stream(frags)
@@ -766,30 +824,31 @@ class TestMAP(VppTestCase):
         # Send a v4 TCP SYN packet that will be translated and MSS clamped
         #
         p_ether = Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
-        p_ip4 = IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst='192.168.0.1')
-        payload = TCP(sport=0xabcd, dport=0xabcd, flags="S",
-                      options=[('MSS', 1460)])
+        p_ip4 = IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="192.168.0.1")
+        payload = TCP(sport=0xABCD, dport=0xABCD, flags="S", options=[("MSS", 1460)])
 
-        p4 = (p_ether / p_ip4 / payload)
-        p6_translated = (IPv6(src="1234:5678:90ab:cdef:ac:1001:200:0",
-                              dst="2001:db8:1f0::c0a8:1:f") / payload)
+        p4 = p_ether / p_ip4 / payload
+        p6_translated = (
+            IPv6(src="1234:5678:90ab:cdef:ac:1001:200:0", dst="2001:db8:1f0::c0a8:1:f")
+            / payload
+        )
         p6_translated.hlim -= 1
-        p6_translated[TCP].options = [('MSS', 1300)]
-        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p4*1, self.pg1)
+        p6_translated[TCP].options = [("MSS", 1300)]
+        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p4 * 1, self.pg1)
         for p in rx:
             self.validate(p[1], p6_translated)
 
         # Send back an IPv6 packet that will be "untranslated"
         p_ether6 = Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
-        p_ip6 = IPv6(src='2001:db8:1f0::c0a8:1:f',
-                     dst='1234:5678:90ab:cdef:ac:1001:200:0')
-        p6 = (p_ether6 / p_ip6 / payload)
-        p4_translated = (IP(src='192.168.0.1',
-                            dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4) / payload)
+        p_ip6 = IPv6(
+            src="2001:db8:1f0::c0a8:1:f", dst="1234:5678:90ab:cdef:ac:1001:200:0"
+        )
+        p6 = p_ether6 / p_ip6 / payload
+        p4_translated = IP(src="192.168.0.1", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4) / payload
         p4_translated.id = 0
         p4_translated.ttl -= 1
-        p4_translated[TCP].options = [('MSS', 1300)]
-        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p6*1, self.pg0)
+        p4_translated[TCP].options = [("MSS", 1300)]
+        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p6 * 1, self.pg0)
         for p in rx:
             self.validate(p[1], p4_translated)
 
@@ -803,19 +862,22 @@ class TestMAP(VppTestCase):
         # Send back an IPv6 packet that will be droppped due to security
         # check fail
         p_ether6 = Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
-        p_ip6_sec_check_fail = IPv6(src='2001:db8:1fe::c0a8:1:f',
-                                    dst='1234:5678:90ab:cdef:ac:1001:200:0')
-        payload = TCP(sport=0xabcd, dport=0xabcd)
-        p6 = (p_ether6 / p_ip6_sec_check_fail / payload)
+        p_ip6_sec_check_fail = IPv6(
+            src="2001:db8:1fe::c0a8:1:f", dst="1234:5678:90ab:cdef:ac:1001:200:0"
+        )
+        payload = TCP(sport=0xABCD, dport=0xABCD)
+        p6 = p_ether6 / p_ip6_sec_check_fail / payload
 
-        self.pg_send(self.pg1, p6*1)
+        self.pg_send(self.pg1, p6 * 1)
         self.pg0.get_capture(0, timeout=1)
         rx = self.pg1.get_capture(1)
 
-        icmp6_reply = (IPv6(hlim=255, src=self.pg1.local_ip6,
-                            dst='2001:db8:1fe::c0a8:1:f') /
-                       ICMPv6DestUnreach(code=5) /
-                       p_ip6_sec_check_fail / payload)
+        icmp6_reply = (
+            IPv6(hlim=255, src=self.pg1.local_ip6, dst="2001:db8:1fe::c0a8:1:f")
+            / ICMPv6DestUnreach(code=5)
+            / p_ip6_sec_check_fail
+            / payload
+        )
 
         for p in rx:
             self.validate(p[1], icmp6_reply)
@@ -824,142 +886,160 @@ class TestMAP(VppTestCase):
         self.vapi.map_param_set_icmp6(enable_unreachable=0)
 
     def test_map_t_ip6_psid(self):
-        """ MAP-T v6->v4 PSID validation"""
+        """MAP-T v6->v4 PSID validation"""
 
         #
         # Add a domain that maps from pg0 to pg1
         #
-        map_dst = '2001:db8::/32'
-        map_src = '1234:5678:90ab:cdef::/64'
-        ip4_pfx = '192.168.0.0/24'
-        tag = 'MAP-T Test Domain'
+        map_dst = "2001:db8::/32"
+        map_src = "1234:5678:90ab:cdef::/64"
+        ip4_pfx = "192.168.0.0/24"
+        tag = "MAP-T Test Domain"
 
-        self.vapi.map_add_domain(ip6_prefix=map_dst,
-                                 ip4_prefix=ip4_pfx,
-                                 ip6_src=map_src,
-                                 ea_bits_len=16,
-                                 psid_offset=6,
-                                 psid_length=4,
-                                 mtu=1500,
-                                 tag=tag)
+        self.vapi.map_add_domain(
+            ip6_prefix=map_dst,
+            ip4_prefix=ip4_pfx,
+            ip6_src=map_src,
+            ea_bits_len=16,
+            psid_offset=6,
+            psid_length=4,
+            mtu=1500,
+            tag=tag,
+        )
 
         # Enable MAP-T on interfaces.
-        self.vapi.map_if_enable_disable(is_enable=1,
-                                        sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                        is_translation=1)
-        self.vapi.map_if_enable_disable(is_enable=1,
-                                        sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                        is_translation=1)
+        self.vapi.map_if_enable_disable(
+            is_enable=1, sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, is_translation=1
+        )
+        self.vapi.map_if_enable_disable(
+            is_enable=1, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_translation=1
+        )
 
-        map_route = VppIpRoute(self,
-                               "2001:db8::",
-                               32,
-                               [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                                             self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                             proto=DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_IP6)])
+        map_route = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "2001:db8::",
+            32,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg1.remote_ip6,
+                    self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+                    proto=DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_IP6,
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         map_route.add_vpp_config()
 
         p_ether6 = Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
-        p_ip6 = IPv6(src='2001:db8:1f0::c0a8:1:f',
-                     dst='1234:5678:90ab:cdef:ac:1001:200:0')
+        p_ip6 = IPv6(
+            src="2001:db8:1f0::c0a8:1:f", dst="1234:5678:90ab:cdef:ac:1001:200:0"
+        )
 
         # Send good IPv6 source port, ensure translated IPv4 received
-        payload = TCP(sport=0xabcd, dport=80)
-        p6 = (p_ether6 / p_ip6 / payload)
-        p4_translated = (IP(src='192.168.0.1',
-                            dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4) / payload)
+        payload = TCP(sport=0xABCD, dport=80)
+        p6 = p_ether6 / p_ip6 / payload
+        p4_translated = IP(src="192.168.0.1", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4) / payload
         p4_translated.id = 0
         p4_translated.ttl -= 1
-        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p6*1, self.pg0)
+        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p6 * 1, self.pg0)
         for p in rx:
             self.validate(p[1], p4_translated)
 
         # Send bad IPv6 source port, ensure translated IPv4 not received
-        payload = TCP(sport=0xdcba, dport=80)
-        p6 = (p_ether6 / p_ip6 / payload)
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg1, p6*1)
+        payload = TCP(sport=0xDCBA, dport=80)
+        p6 = p_ether6 / p_ip6 / payload
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg1, p6 * 1)
 
     def test_map_t_pre_resolve(self):
-        """ MAP-T pre-resolve"""
+        """MAP-T pre-resolve"""
 
         # Add a domain that maps from pg0 to pg1
-        map_dst = '2001:db8::/32'
-        map_src = '1234:5678:90ab:cdef::/64'
-        ip4_pfx = '192.168.0.0/24'
-        tag = 'MAP-T Test Domain.'
+        map_dst = "2001:db8::/32"
+        map_src = "1234:5678:90ab:cdef::/64"
+        ip4_pfx = "192.168.0.0/24"
+        tag = "MAP-T Test Domain."
 
-        self.vapi.map_add_domain(ip6_prefix=map_dst,
-                                 ip4_prefix=ip4_pfx,
-                                 ip6_src=map_src,
-                                 ea_bits_len=16,
-                                 psid_offset=6,
-                                 psid_length=4,
-                                 mtu=1500,
-                                 tag=tag)
+        self.vapi.map_add_domain(
+            ip6_prefix=map_dst,
+            ip4_prefix=ip4_pfx,
+            ip6_src=map_src,
+            ea_bits_len=16,
+            psid_offset=6,
+            psid_length=4,
+            mtu=1500,
+            tag=tag,
+        )
 
         # Enable MAP-T on interfaces.
-        self.vapi.map_if_enable_disable(is_enable=1,
-                                        sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                        is_translation=1)
-        self.vapi.map_if_enable_disable(is_enable=1,
-                                        sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                        is_translation=1)
+        self.vapi.map_if_enable_disable(
+            is_enable=1, sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, is_translation=1
+        )
+        self.vapi.map_if_enable_disable(
+            is_enable=1, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_translation=1
+        )
 
         # Enable pre-resolve option
-        self.vapi.map_param_add_del_pre_resolve(ip4_nh_address="10.1.2.3",
-                                                ip6_nh_address="4001::1",
-                                                is_add=1)
+        self.vapi.map_param_add_del_pre_resolve(
+            ip4_nh_address="10.1.2.3", ip6_nh_address="4001::1", is_add=1
+        )
 
         # Add a route to 4001::1 and expect the translated traffic to be
         # sent via that route next-hop.
-        pre_res_route6 = VppIpRoute(self, "4001::1", 128,
-                                    [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].ip6,
-                                                  self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
+        pre_res_route6 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "4001::1",
+            128,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].ip6, self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         pre_res_route6.add_vpp_config()
 
         # Add a route to 10.1.2.3 and expect the "untranslated" traffic to be
         # sent via that route next-hop.
-        pre_res_route4 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.1.2.3", 32,
-                                    [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
-                                                  self.pg0.sw_if_index)])
+        pre_res_route4 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10.1.2.3",
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_hosts[1].ip4, self.pg0.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         pre_res_route4.add_vpp_config()
 
         # Send an IPv4 packet that will be translated
         p_ether = Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
-        p_ip4 = IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst='192.168.0.1')
-        payload = TCP(sport=0xabcd, dport=0xabcd)
-        p4 = (p_ether / p_ip4 / payload)
+        p_ip4 = IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="192.168.0.1")
+        payload = TCP(sport=0xABCD, dport=0xABCD)
+        p4 = p_ether / p_ip4 / payload
 
-        p6_translated = (IPv6(src="1234:5678:90ab:cdef:ac:1001:200:0",
-                              dst="2001:db8:1f0::c0a8:1:f") / payload)
+        p6_translated = (
+            IPv6(src="1234:5678:90ab:cdef:ac:1001:200:0", dst="2001:db8:1f0::c0a8:1:f")
+            / payload
+        )
         p6_translated.hlim -= 1
 
-        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p4*1, self.pg1)
+        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p4 * 1, self.pg1)
         for p in rx:
             self.assertEqual(p[Ether].dst, self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].mac)
             self.validate(p[1], p6_translated)
 
         # Send back an IPv6 packet that will be "untranslated"
         p_ether6 = Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
-        p_ip6 = IPv6(src='2001:db8:1f0::c0a8:1:f',
-                     dst='1234:5678:90ab:cdef:ac:1001:200:0')
-        p6 = (p_ether6 / p_ip6 / payload)
+        p_ip6 = IPv6(
+            src="2001:db8:1f0::c0a8:1:f", dst="1234:5678:90ab:cdef:ac:1001:200:0"
+        )
+        p6 = p_ether6 / p_ip6 / payload
 
-        p4_translated = (IP(src='192.168.0.1',
-                            dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4) / payload)
+        p4_translated = IP(src="192.168.0.1", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4) / payload
         p4_translated.id = 0
         p4_translated.ttl -= 1
 
-        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p6*1, self.pg0)
+        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p6 * 1, self.pg0)
         for p in rx:
             self.assertEqual(p[Ether].dst, self.pg0.remote_hosts[1].mac)
             self.validate(p[1], p4_translated)
 
         # Cleanup pre-resolve option
-        self.vapi.map_param_add_del_pre_resolve(ip4_nh_address="10.1.2.3",
-                                                ip6_nh_address="4001::1",
-                                                is_add=0)
+        self.vapi.map_param_add_del_pre_resolve(
+            ip4_nh_address="10.1.2.3", ip6_nh_address="4001::1", is_add=0
+        )
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_map_br.py b/test/test_map_br.py
index 3fe5c83ab75..ae09e9b7d7a 100644
--- a/test/test_map_br.py
+++ b/test/test_map_br.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ from scapy.layers.inet6 import ICMPv6EchoRequest, ICMPv6EchoReply, IPerror6
 
 
 class TestMAPBR(VppTestCase):
-    """ MAP-T Test Cases """
+    """MAP-T Test Cases"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -51,36 +51,37 @@ class TestMAPBR(VppTestCase):
         #
         # BR configuration parameters used for all test.
         #
-        self.ip4_prefix = '198.18.0.0/24'
-        self.ip6_prefix = '2001:db8:f0::/48'
-        self.ip6_src = '2001:db8:ffff:ff00::/64'
+        self.ip4_prefix = "198.18.0.0/24"
+        self.ip6_prefix = "2001:db8:f0::/48"
+        self.ip6_src = "2001:db8:ffff:ff00::/64"
         self.ea_bits_len = 12
         self.psid_offset = 6
         self.psid_length = 4
         self.mtu = 1500
-        self.tag = 'MAP-T BR'
+        self.tag = "MAP-T BR"
 
         self.ipv4_internet_address = self.pg0.remote_ip4
         self.ipv4_map_address = "198.18.0.12"
         self.ipv4_udp_or_tcp_internet_port = 65000
         self.ipv4_udp_or_tcp_map_port = 16606
 
-        self.ipv6_cpe_address = "2001:db8:f0:c30:0:c612:c:3"      # 198.18.0.12
-        self.ipv6_spoof_address = "2001:db8:f0:c30:0:c612:1c:3"   # 198.18.0.28
-        self.ipv6_spoof_prefix = "2001:db8:f0:c30:0:a00:c:3"      # 10.0.0.12
-        self.ipv6_spoof_psid = "2001:db8:f0:c30:0:c612:c:4"       # 4
-        self.ipv6_spoof_subnet = "2001:db8:f1:c30:0:c612:c:3"     # f1
+        self.ipv6_cpe_address = "2001:db8:f0:c30:0:c612:c:3"  # 198.18.0.12
+        self.ipv6_spoof_address = "2001:db8:f0:c30:0:c612:1c:3"  # 198.18.0.28
+        self.ipv6_spoof_prefix = "2001:db8:f0:c30:0:a00:c:3"  # 10.0.0.12
+        self.ipv6_spoof_psid = "2001:db8:f0:c30:0:c612:c:4"  # 4
+        self.ipv6_spoof_subnet = "2001:db8:f1:c30:0:c612:c:3"  # f1
 
         self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_internet_port = 65000
         self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_map_port = 16606
         self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_spoof_port = 16862
 
-        self.ipv6_map_address = (
-            "2001:db8:ffff:ff00:ac:1001:200:0")         # 176.16.1.2
+        self.ipv6_map_address = "2001:db8:ffff:ff00:ac:1001:200:0"  # 176.16.1.2
         self.ipv6_map_same_rule_diff_addr = (
-            "2001:db8:ffff:ff00:c6:1200:1000:0")        # 198.18.0.16
+            "2001:db8:ffff:ff00:c6:1200:1000:0"  # 198.18.0.16
+        )
         self.ipv6_map_same_rule_same_addr = (
-            "2001:db8:ffff:ff00:c6:1200:c00:0")         # 198.18.0.12
+            "2001:db8:ffff:ff00:c6:1200:c00:0"  # 198.18.0.12
+        )
 
         self.map_br_prefix = "2001:db8:f0::"
         self.map_br_prefix_len = 48
@@ -89,24 +90,27 @@ class TestMAPBR(VppTestCase):
         #
         # Add an IPv6 route to the MAP-BR.
         #
-        map_route = VppIpRoute(self,
-                               self.map_br_prefix,
-                               self.map_br_prefix_len,
-                               [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                                             self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
+        map_route = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            self.map_br_prefix,
+            self.map_br_prefix_len,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6, self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         map_route.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # Add a MAP BR domain that maps from pg0 to pg1.
         #
-        self.vapi.map_add_domain(ip4_prefix=self.ip4_prefix,
-                                 ip6_prefix=self.ip6_prefix,
-                                 ip6_src=self.ip6_src,
-                                 ea_bits_len=self.ea_bits_len,
-                                 psid_offset=self.psid_offset,
-                                 psid_length=self.psid_length,
-                                 mtu=self.mtu,
-                                 tag=self.tag)
+        self.vapi.map_add_domain(
+            ip4_prefix=self.ip4_prefix,
+            ip6_prefix=self.ip6_prefix,
+            ip6_src=self.ip6_src,
+            ea_bits_len=self.ea_bits_len,
+            psid_offset=self.psid_offset,
+            psid_length=self.psid_length,
+            mtu=self.mtu,
+            tag=self.tag,
+        )
 
         #
         # Set BR parameters.
@@ -119,17 +123,17 @@ class TestMAPBR(VppTestCase):
         #
         # Enable MAP-T on interfaces.
         #
-        self.vapi.map_if_enable_disable(is_enable=1,
-                                        sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                        is_translation=1)
+        self.vapi.map_if_enable_disable(
+            is_enable=1, sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, is_translation=1
+        )
 
-        self.vapi.map_if_enable_disable(is_enable=1,
-                                        sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                        is_translation=1)
+        self.vapi.map_if_enable_disable(
+            is_enable=1, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_translation=1
+        )
 
-        self.vapi.map_if_enable_disable(is_enable=1,
-                                        sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                        is_translation=1)
+        self.vapi.map_if_enable_disable(
+            is_enable=1, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_translation=1
+        )
 
     def tearDown(self):
         super(TestMAPBR, self).tearDown()
@@ -162,15 +166,14 @@ class TestMAPBR(VppTestCase):
     #
 
     def test_map_t_udp_ip4_to_ip6(self):
-        """ MAP-T UDP IPv4 -> IPv6 """
+        """MAP-T UDP IPv4 -> IPv6"""
 
-        eth = Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                    dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
-        ip = IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                dst=self.ipv4_map_address,
-                tos=0)
-        udp = UDP(sport=self.ipv4_udp_or_tcp_internet_port,
-                  dport=self.ipv4_udp_or_tcp_map_port)
+        eth = Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+        ip = IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.ipv4_map_address, tos=0)
+        udp = UDP(
+            sport=self.ipv4_udp_or_tcp_internet_port,
+            dport=self.ipv4_udp_or_tcp_map_port,
+        )
         payload = "a" * 82
         tx_pkt = eth / ip / udp / payload
 
@@ -181,7 +184,7 @@ class TestMAPBR(VppTestCase):
 
         self.v6_address_check(rx_pkt)
         self.v6_port_check(rx_pkt, UDP)
-        self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[IPv6].tc, 0)    # IPv4 ToS passed to v6 TC
+        self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[IPv6].tc, 0)  # IPv4 ToS passed to v6 TC
         self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[IPv6].nh, IPv6(nh="UDP").nh)
 
     #
@@ -192,15 +195,14 @@ class TestMAPBR(VppTestCase):
     #
 
     def test_map_t_tcp_ip4_to_ip6(self):
-        """ MAP-T TCP IPv4 -> IPv6 """
+        """MAP-T TCP IPv4 -> IPv6"""
 
-        eth = Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                    dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
-        ip = IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                dst=self.ipv4_map_address,
-                tos=0)
-        tcp = TCP(sport=self.ipv4_udp_or_tcp_internet_port,
-                  dport=self.ipv4_udp_or_tcp_map_port)
+        eth = Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+        ip = IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.ipv4_map_address, tos=0)
+        tcp = TCP(
+            sport=self.ipv4_udp_or_tcp_internet_port,
+            dport=self.ipv4_udp_or_tcp_map_port,
+        )
         payload = "a" * 82
         tx_pkt = eth / ip / tcp / payload
 
@@ -211,7 +213,7 @@ class TestMAPBR(VppTestCase):
 
         self.v6_address_check(rx_pkt)
         self.v6_port_check(rx_pkt, TCP)
-        self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[IPv6].tc, 0)    # IPv4 ToS passed to v6 TC
+        self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[IPv6].tc, 0)  # IPv4 ToS passed to v6 TC
         self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[IPv6].nh, IPv6(nh="TCP").nh)
 
     #
@@ -221,14 +223,14 @@ class TestMAPBR(VppTestCase):
     #
 
     def test_map_t_udp_ip6_to_ip4(self):
-        """ MAP-T UDP IPv6 -> IPv4 """
+        """MAP-T UDP IPv6 -> IPv4"""
 
-        eth = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                    dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
-        ip = IPv6(src=self.ipv6_cpe_address,
-                  dst=self.ipv6_map_address)
-        udp = UDP(sport=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_map_port,
-                  dport=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_internet_port)
+        eth = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+        ip = IPv6(src=self.ipv6_cpe_address, dst=self.ipv6_map_address)
+        udp = UDP(
+            sport=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_map_port,
+            dport=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_internet_port,
+        )
         payload = "a" * 82
         tx_pkt = eth / ip / udp / payload
 
@@ -240,7 +242,7 @@ class TestMAPBR(VppTestCase):
         self.v4_address_check(rx_pkt)
         self.v4_port_check(rx_pkt, UDP)
         self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[IP].proto, IP(proto="udp").proto)
-        self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[IP].tos, 0)    # IPv6 TC passed to v4 ToS
+        self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[IP].tos, 0)  # IPv6 TC passed to v4 ToS
         df_bit = IP(flags="DF").flags
         self.assertNotEqual(rx_pkt[IP].flags & df_bit, df_bit)
 
@@ -251,14 +253,14 @@ class TestMAPBR(VppTestCase):
     #
 
     def test_map_t_tcp_ip6_to_ip4(self):
-        """ MAP-T TCP IPv6 -> IPv4 """
+        """MAP-T TCP IPv6 -> IPv4"""
 
-        eth = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                    dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
-        ip = IPv6(src=self.ipv6_cpe_address,
-                  dst=self.ipv6_map_address)
-        tcp = TCP(sport=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_map_port,
-                  dport=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_internet_port)
+        eth = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+        ip = IPv6(src=self.ipv6_cpe_address, dst=self.ipv6_map_address)
+        tcp = TCP(
+            sport=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_map_port,
+            dport=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_internet_port,
+        )
         payload = "a" * 82
         tx_pkt = eth / ip / tcp / payload
 
@@ -270,7 +272,7 @@ class TestMAPBR(VppTestCase):
         self.v4_address_check(rx_pkt)
         self.v4_port_check(rx_pkt, TCP)
         self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[IP].proto, IP(proto="tcp").proto)
-        self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[IP].tos, 0)    # IPv6 TC passed to v4 ToS
+        self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[IP].tos, 0)  # IPv6 TC passed to v4 ToS
         df_bit = IP(flags="DF").flags
         self.assertNotEqual(rx_pkt[IP].flags & df_bit, df_bit)
 
@@ -280,14 +282,11 @@ class TestMAPBR(VppTestCase):
     #
 
     def test_map_t_echo_request_ip4_to_ip6(self):
-        """ MAP-T echo request IPv4 -> IPv6 """
+        """MAP-T echo request IPv4 -> IPv6"""
 
-        eth = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                    dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
-        ip = IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                dst=self.ipv4_map_address)
-        icmp = ICMP(type="echo-request",
-                    id=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_map_port)
+        eth = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+        ip = IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.ipv4_map_address)
+        icmp = ICMP(type="echo-request", id=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_map_port)
         payload = "H" * 10
         tx_pkt = eth / ip / icmp / payload
 
@@ -297,11 +296,11 @@ class TestMAPBR(VppTestCase):
         rx_pkt = rx_pkts[0]
 
         self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[IPv6].nh, IPv6(nh="ICMPv6").nh)
-        self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[ICMPv6EchoRequest].type,
-                         ICMPv6EchoRequest(type="Echo Request").type)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            rx_pkt[ICMPv6EchoRequest].type, ICMPv6EchoRequest(type="Echo Request").type
+        )
         self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[ICMPv6EchoRequest].code, 0)
-        self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[ICMPv6EchoRequest].id,
-                         self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_map_port)
+        self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[ICMPv6EchoRequest].id, self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_map_port)
 
     #
     # Translation of ICMP Echo Reply v4 -> v6 direction
@@ -309,14 +308,11 @@ class TestMAPBR(VppTestCase):
     #
 
     def test_map_t_echo_reply_ip4_to_ip6(self):
-        """ MAP-T echo reply IPv4 -> IPv6 """
+        """MAP-T echo reply IPv4 -> IPv6"""
 
-        eth = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                    dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
-        ip = IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                dst=self.ipv4_map_address)
-        icmp = ICMP(type="echo-reply",
-                    id=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_map_port)
+        eth = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+        ip = IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.ipv4_map_address)
+        icmp = ICMP(type="echo-reply", id=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_map_port)
         payload = "H" * 10
         tx_pkt = eth / ip / icmp / payload
 
@@ -326,11 +322,11 @@ class TestMAPBR(VppTestCase):
         rx_pkt = rx_pkts[0]
 
         self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[IPv6].nh, IPv6(nh="ICMPv6").nh)
-        self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[ICMPv6EchoReply].type,
-                         ICMPv6EchoReply(type="Echo Reply").type)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            rx_pkt[ICMPv6EchoReply].type, ICMPv6EchoReply(type="Echo Reply").type
+        )
         self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[ICMPv6EchoReply].code, 0)
-        self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[ICMPv6EchoReply].id,
-                         self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_map_port)
+        self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[ICMPv6EchoReply].id, self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_map_port)
 
     #
     # Translation of ICMP Time Exceeded v4 -> v6 direction
@@ -338,17 +334,16 @@ class TestMAPBR(VppTestCase):
     #
 
     def test_map_t_time_exceeded_ip4_to_ip6(self):
-        """ MAP-T time exceeded IPv4 -> IPv6 """
+        """MAP-T time exceeded IPv4 -> IPv6"""
 
-        eth = Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                    dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
-        ip = IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                dst=self.ipv4_map_address)
+        eth = Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+        ip = IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.ipv4_map_address)
         icmp = ICMP(type="time-exceeded", code="ttl-zero-during-transit")
-        ip_inner = IP(dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                      src=self.ipv4_map_address, ttl=1)
-        udp_inner = UDP(sport=self.ipv4_udp_or_tcp_map_port,
-                        dport=self.ipv4_udp_or_tcp_internet_port)
+        ip_inner = IP(dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4, src=self.ipv4_map_address, ttl=1)
+        udp_inner = UDP(
+            sport=self.ipv4_udp_or_tcp_map_port,
+            dport=self.ipv4_udp_or_tcp_internet_port,
+        )
         payload = "H" * 10
         tx_pkt = eth / ip / icmp / ip_inner / udp_inner / payload
 
@@ -359,19 +354,18 @@ class TestMAPBR(VppTestCase):
 
         self.v6_address_check(rx_pkt)
         self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[IPv6].nh, IPv6(nh="ICMPv6").nh)
-        self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[ICMPv6TimeExceeded].type,
-                         ICMPv6TimeExceeded().type)
-        self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[ICMPv6TimeExceeded].code,
-                         ICMPv6TimeExceeded(
-            code="hop limit exceeded in transit").code)
+        self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[ICMPv6TimeExceeded].type, ICMPv6TimeExceeded().type)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            rx_pkt[ICMPv6TimeExceeded].code,
+            ICMPv6TimeExceeded(code="hop limit exceeded in transit").code,
+        )
         self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[ICMPv6TimeExceeded].hlim, tx_pkt[IP][1].ttl)
         self.assertTrue(rx_pkt.haslayer(IPerror6))
         self.assertTrue(rx_pkt.haslayer(UDPerror))
         self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[IPv6].src, rx_pkt[IPerror6].dst)
         self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[IPv6].dst, rx_pkt[IPerror6].src)
         self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[UDPerror].sport, self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_map_port)
-        self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[UDPerror].dport,
-                         self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_internet_port)
+        self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[UDPerror].dport, self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_internet_port)
 
     #
     # Translation of ICMP Echo Request v6 -> v4 direction
@@ -379,12 +373,10 @@ class TestMAPBR(VppTestCase):
     #
 
     def test_map_t_echo_request_ip6_to_ip4(self):
-        """ MAP-T echo request IPv6 -> IPv4 """
+        """MAP-T echo request IPv6 -> IPv4"""
 
-        eth = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                    dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
-        ip = IPv6(src=self.ipv6_cpe_address,
-                  dst=self.ipv6_map_address)
+        eth = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+        ip = IPv6(src=self.ipv6_cpe_address, dst=self.ipv6_map_address)
         icmp = ICMPv6EchoRequest()
         icmp.id = self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_map_port
         payload = "H" * 10
@@ -406,12 +398,10 @@ class TestMAPBR(VppTestCase):
     #
 
     def test_map_t_echo_reply_ip6_to_ip4(self):
-        """ MAP-T echo reply IPv6 -> IPv4 """
+        """MAP-T echo reply IPv6 -> IPv4"""
 
-        eth = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                    dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
-        ip = IPv6(src=self.ipv6_cpe_address,
-                  dst=self.ipv6_map_address)
+        eth = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+        ip = IPv6(src=self.ipv6_cpe_address, dst=self.ipv6_map_address)
         icmp = ICMPv6EchoReply(id=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_map_port)
         payload = "H" * 10
         tx_pkt = eth / ip / icmp / payload
@@ -432,17 +422,16 @@ class TestMAPBR(VppTestCase):
     #
 
     def test_map_t_packet_too_big_ip6_to_ip4(self):
-        """ MAP-T packet too big IPv6 -> IPv4 """
+        """MAP-T packet too big IPv6 -> IPv4"""
 
-        eth = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                    dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
-        ip = IPv6(src=self.ipv6_cpe_address,
-                  dst=self.ipv6_map_address)
+        eth = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+        ip = IPv6(src=self.ipv6_cpe_address, dst=self.ipv6_map_address)
         icmp = ICMPv6PacketTooBig(mtu=1280)
-        ip_inner = IPv6(src=self.ipv6_map_address,
-                        dst=self.ipv6_cpe_address)
-        udp_inner = UDP(sport=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_internet_port,
-                        dport=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_map_port)
+        ip_inner = IPv6(src=self.ipv6_map_address, dst=self.ipv6_cpe_address)
+        udp_inner = UDP(
+            sport=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_internet_port,
+            dport=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_map_port,
+        )
         payload = "H" * 10
         tx_pkt = eth / ip / icmp / ip_inner / udp_inner / payload
 
@@ -454,16 +443,13 @@ class TestMAPBR(VppTestCase):
         self.v4_address_check(rx_pkt)
         self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[IP].proto, IP(proto="icmp").proto)
         self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[ICMP].type, ICMP(type="dest-unreach").type)
-        self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[ICMP].code,
-                         ICMP(code="fragmentation-needed").code)
-        self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[ICMP].nexthopmtu,
-                         tx_pkt[ICMPv6PacketTooBig].mtu - 20)
+        self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[ICMP].code, ICMP(code="fragmentation-needed").code)
+        self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[ICMP].nexthopmtu, tx_pkt[ICMPv6PacketTooBig].mtu - 20)
         self.assertTrue(rx_pkt.haslayer(IPerror))
         self.assertTrue(rx_pkt.haslayer(UDPerror))
         self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[IP].src, rx_pkt[IPerror].dst)
         self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[IP].dst, rx_pkt[IPerror].src)
-        self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[UDPerror].sport,
-                         self.ipv4_udp_or_tcp_internet_port)
+        self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[UDPerror].sport, self.ipv4_udp_or_tcp_internet_port)
         self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[UDPerror].dport, self.ipv4_udp_or_tcp_map_port)
 
     #
@@ -472,17 +458,16 @@ class TestMAPBR(VppTestCase):
     #
 
     def test_map_t_time_exceeded_ip6_to_ip4(self):
-        """ MAP-T time exceeded IPv6 -> IPv4 """
+        """MAP-T time exceeded IPv6 -> IPv4"""
 
-        eth = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                    dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
-        ip = IPv6(src=self.ipv6_cpe_address,
-                  dst=self.ipv6_map_address)
+        eth = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+        ip = IPv6(src=self.ipv6_cpe_address, dst=self.ipv6_map_address)
         icmp = ICMPv6TimeExceeded()
-        ip_inner = IPv6(src=self.ipv6_map_address,
-                        dst=self.ipv6_cpe_address, hlim=1)
-        udp_inner = UDP(sport=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_internet_port,
-                        dport=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_map_port)
+        ip_inner = IPv6(src=self.ipv6_map_address, dst=self.ipv6_cpe_address, hlim=1)
+        udp_inner = UDP(
+            sport=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_internet_port,
+            dport=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_map_port,
+        )
         payload = "H" * 10
         tx_pkt = eth / ip / icmp / ip_inner / udp_inner / payload
 
@@ -494,15 +479,13 @@ class TestMAPBR(VppTestCase):
         self.v4_address_check(rx_pkt)
         self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[IP].proto, IP(proto="icmp").proto)
         self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[ICMP].type, ICMP(type="time-exceeded").type)
-        self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[ICMP].code,
-                         ICMP(code="ttl-zero-during-transit").code)
+        self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[ICMP].code, ICMP(code="ttl-zero-during-transit").code)
         self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[ICMP].ttl, tx_pkt[IPv6][1].hlim)
         self.assertTrue(rx_pkt.haslayer(IPerror))
         self.assertTrue(rx_pkt.haslayer(UDPerror))
         self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[IP].src, rx_pkt[IPerror].dst)
         self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[IP].dst, rx_pkt[IPerror].src)
-        self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[UDPerror].sport,
-                         self.ipv4_udp_or_tcp_internet_port)
+        self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[UDPerror].sport, self.ipv4_udp_or_tcp_internet_port)
         self.assertEqual(rx_pkt[UDPerror].dport, self.ipv4_udp_or_tcp_map_port)
 
     #
@@ -514,22 +497,21 @@ class TestMAPBR(VppTestCase):
     #
 
     def test_map_t_spoof_ipv4_src_addr_ip6_to_ip4(self):
-        """ MAP-T spoof ipv4 src addr IPv6 -> IPv4 """
+        """MAP-T spoof ipv4 src addr IPv6 -> IPv4"""
 
-        eth = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                    dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
-        ip = IPv6(src=self.ipv6_spoof_address,
-                  dst=self.ipv6_map_address)
-        udp = UDP(sport=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_map_port,
-                  dport=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_internet_port)
+        eth = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+        ip = IPv6(src=self.ipv6_spoof_address, dst=self.ipv6_map_address)
+        udp = UDP(
+            sport=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_map_port,
+            dport=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_internet_port,
+        )
         payload = "a" * 82
         tx_pkt = eth / ip / udp / payload
 
         self.pg_send(self.pg1, tx_pkt * 1)
 
         self.pg0.get_capture(0, timeout=1)
-        self.pg0.assert_nothing_captured(
-            remark="Should drop IPv4 spoof address")
+        self.pg0.assert_nothing_captured(remark="Should drop IPv4 spoof address")
 
     #
     # Spoofed IPv4 Source Prefix v6 -> v4 direction
@@ -539,22 +521,21 @@ class TestMAPBR(VppTestCase):
     #
 
     def test_map_t_spoof_ipv4_src_prefix_ip6_to_ip4(self):
-        """ MAP-T spoof ipv4 src prefix IPv6 -> IPv4 """
+        """MAP-T spoof ipv4 src prefix IPv6 -> IPv4"""
 
-        eth = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                    dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
-        ip = IPv6(src=self.ipv6_spoof_prefix,
-                  dst=self.ipv6_map_address)
-        udp = UDP(sport=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_map_port,
-                  dport=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_internet_port)
+        eth = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+        ip = IPv6(src=self.ipv6_spoof_prefix, dst=self.ipv6_map_address)
+        udp = UDP(
+            sport=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_map_port,
+            dport=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_internet_port,
+        )
         payload = "a" * 82
         tx_pkt = eth / ip / udp / payload
 
         self.pg_send(self.pg1, tx_pkt * 1)
 
         self.pg0.get_capture(0, timeout=1)
-        self.pg0.assert_nothing_captured(
-            remark="Should drop IPv4 spoof prefix")
+        self.pg0.assert_nothing_captured(remark="Should drop IPv4 spoof prefix")
 
     #
     # Spoofed IPv6 PSID v6 -> v4 direction
@@ -563,22 +544,21 @@ class TestMAPBR(VppTestCase):
     #
 
     def test_map_t_spoof_psid_ip6_to_ip4(self):
-        """ MAP-T spoof psid IPv6 -> IPv4 """
+        """MAP-T spoof psid IPv6 -> IPv4"""
 
-        eth = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                    dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
-        ip = IPv6(src=self.ipv6_spoof_psid,
-                  dst=self.ipv6_map_address)
-        udp = UDP(sport=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_map_port,
-                  dport=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_internet_port)
+        eth = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+        ip = IPv6(src=self.ipv6_spoof_psid, dst=self.ipv6_map_address)
+        udp = UDP(
+            sport=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_map_port,
+            dport=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_internet_port,
+        )
         payload = "a" * 82
         tx_pkt = eth / ip / udp / payload
 
         self.pg_send(self.pg1, tx_pkt * 1)
 
         self.pg0.get_capture(0, timeout=1)
-        self.pg0.assert_nothing_captured(
-            remark="Should drop IPv6 spoof PSID")
+        self.pg0.assert_nothing_captured(remark="Should drop IPv6 spoof PSID")
 
     #
     # Spoofed IPv6 subnet field v6 -> v4 direction
@@ -587,22 +567,21 @@ class TestMAPBR(VppTestCase):
     #
 
     def test_map_t_spoof_subnet_ip6_to_ip4(self):
-        """ MAP-T spoof subnet IPv6 -> IPv4 """
+        """MAP-T spoof subnet IPv6 -> IPv4"""
 
-        eth = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                    dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
-        ip = IPv6(src=self.ipv6_spoof_subnet,
-                  dst=self.ipv6_map_address)
-        udp = UDP(sport=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_map_port,
-                  dport=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_internet_port)
+        eth = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+        ip = IPv6(src=self.ipv6_spoof_subnet, dst=self.ipv6_map_address)
+        udp = UDP(
+            sport=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_map_port,
+            dport=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_internet_port,
+        )
         payload = "a" * 82
         tx_pkt = eth / ip / udp / payload
 
         self.pg_send(self.pg1, tx_pkt * 1)
 
         self.pg0.get_capture(0, timeout=1)
-        self.pg0.assert_nothing_captured(
-            remark="Should drop IPv6 spoof subnet")
+        self.pg0.assert_nothing_captured(remark="Should drop IPv6 spoof subnet")
 
     #
     # Spoofed IPv6 port PSID v6 -> v4 direction
@@ -611,22 +590,21 @@ class TestMAPBR(VppTestCase):
     #
 
     def test_map_t_spoof_port_psid_ip6_to_ip4(self):
-        """ MAP-T spoof port psid IPv6 -> IPv4 """
+        """MAP-T spoof port psid IPv6 -> IPv4"""
 
-        eth = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                    dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
-        ip = IPv6(src=self.ipv6_cpe_address,
-                  dst=self.ipv6_map_address)
-        udp = UDP(sport=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_spoof_port,
-                  dport=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_internet_port)
+        eth = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+        ip = IPv6(src=self.ipv6_cpe_address, dst=self.ipv6_map_address)
+        udp = UDP(
+            sport=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_spoof_port,
+            dport=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_internet_port,
+        )
         payload = "a" * 82
         tx_pkt = eth / ip / udp / payload
 
         self.pg_send(self.pg1, tx_pkt * 1)
 
         self.pg0.get_capture(0, timeout=1)
-        self.pg0.assert_nothing_captured(
-            remark="Should drop IPv6 spoof port PSID")
+        self.pg0.assert_nothing_captured(remark="Should drop IPv6 spoof port PSID")
 
     #
     # Spoofed IPv6 ICMP ID PSID v6 -> v4 direction
@@ -635,12 +613,10 @@ class TestMAPBR(VppTestCase):
     #
 
     def test_map_t_spoof_icmp_id_psid_ip6_to_ip4(self):
-        """ MAP-T spoof ICMP id psid IPv6 -> IPv4 """
+        """MAP-T spoof ICMP id psid IPv6 -> IPv4"""
 
-        eth = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                    dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
-        ip = IPv6(src=self.ipv6_cpe_address,
-                  dst=self.ipv6_map_address)
+        eth = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+        ip = IPv6(src=self.ipv6_cpe_address, dst=self.ipv6_map_address)
         icmp = ICMPv6EchoRequest()
         icmp.id = self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_spoof_port
         payload = "H" * 10
@@ -649,8 +625,7 @@ class TestMAPBR(VppTestCase):
         self.pg_send(self.pg1, tx_pkt * 1)
 
         self.pg0.get_capture(0, timeout=1)
-        self.pg0.assert_nothing_captured(
-            remark="Should drop IPv6 spoof port PSID")
+        self.pg0.assert_nothing_captured(remark="Should drop IPv6 spoof port PSID")
 
     #
     # Map to Map - same rule, different address
@@ -658,14 +633,11 @@ class TestMAPBR(VppTestCase):
 
     @unittest.skip("Fixme: correct behavior needs clarification")
     def test_map_t_same_rule_diff_addr_ip6_to_ip4(self):
-        """ MAP-T same rule, diff addr IPv6 -> IPv6 """
+        """MAP-T same rule, diff addr IPv6 -> IPv6"""
 
-        eth = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                    dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
-        ip = IPv6(src=self.ipv6_cpe_address,
-                  dst=self.ipv6_map_same_rule_diff_addr)
-        udp = UDP(sport=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_map_port,
-                  dport=1025)
+        eth = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+        ip = IPv6(src=self.ipv6_cpe_address, dst=self.ipv6_map_same_rule_diff_addr)
+        udp = UDP(sport=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_map_port, dport=1025)
         payload = "a" * 82
         tx_pkt = eth / ip / udp / payload
 
@@ -680,14 +652,11 @@ class TestMAPBR(VppTestCase):
 
     @unittest.skip("Fixme: correct behavior needs clarification")
     def test_map_t_same_rule_same_addr_ip6_to_ip4(self):
-        """ MAP-T same rule, same addr IPv6 -> IPv6 """
+        """MAP-T same rule, same addr IPv6 -> IPv6"""
 
-        eth = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                    dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
-        ip = IPv6(src=self.ipv6_cpe_address,
-                  dst=self.ipv6_map_same_rule_same_addr)
-        udp = UDP(sport=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_map_port,
-                  dport=1025)
+        eth = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+        ip = IPv6(src=self.ipv6_cpe_address, dst=self.ipv6_map_same_rule_same_addr)
+        udp = UDP(sport=self.ipv6_udp_or_tcp_map_port, dport=1025)
         payload = "a" * 82
         tx_pkt = eth / ip / udp / payload
 
@@ -697,5 +666,5 @@ class TestMAPBR(VppTestCase):
         rx_pkt = rx_pkts[0]
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_memif.py b/test/test_memif.py
index 26e44f29485..9b15cd0005b 100644
--- a/test/test_memif.py
+++ b/test/test_memif.py
@@ -7,26 +7,25 @@ from scapy.layers.inet import IP, ICMP
 from framework import VppTestCase, VppTestRunner
 from framework import tag_run_solo
 from remote_test import RemoteClass, RemoteVppTestCase
-from vpp_memif import remove_all_memif_vpp_config, \
-    VppSocketFilename, VppMemif
+from vpp_memif import remove_all_memif_vpp_config, VppSocketFilename, VppMemif
 from vpp_ip_route import VppIpRoute, VppRoutePath
 from vpp_papi import VppEnum
 
 
 @tag_run_solo
 class TestMemif(VppTestCase):
-    """ Memif Test Case """
+    """Memif Test Case"""
+
     remote_class = RemoteVppTestCase
 
     @classmethod
     def get_cpus_required(cls):
-        return (super().get_cpus_required() +
-                cls.remote_class.get_cpus_required())
+        return super().get_cpus_required() + cls.remote_class.get_cpus_required()
 
     @classmethod
     def assign_cpus(cls, cpus):
-        remote_cpus = cpus[:cls.remote_class.get_cpus_required()]
-        my_cpus = cpus[cls.remote_class.get_cpus_required():]
+        remote_cpus = cpus[: cls.remote_class.get_cpus_required()]
+        my_cpus = cpus[cls.remote_class.get_cpus_required() :]
         cls.remote_class.assign_cpus(remote_cpus)
         super().assign_cpus(my_cpus)
 
@@ -61,56 +60,47 @@ class TestMemif(VppTestCase):
 
     def _check_socket_filename(self, dump, socket_id, filename):
         for d in dump:
-            if (d.socket_id == socket_id) and (
-                    d.socket_filename == filename):
+            if (d.socket_id == socket_id) and (d.socket_filename == filename):
                 return True
         return False
 
     def test_memif_socket_filename_add_del(self):
-        """ Memif socket filename add/del """
+        """Memif socket filename add/del"""
 
         # dump default socket filename
         dump = self.vapi.memif_socket_filename_dump()
         self.assertTrue(
-            self._check_socket_filename(
-                dump, 0, "%s/memif.sock" % self.tempdir))
+            self._check_socket_filename(dump, 0, "%s/memif.sock" % self.tempdir)
+        )
 
         memif_sockets = []
         # existing path
         memif_sockets.append(
-            VppSocketFilename(
-                self, 1, "%s/memif1.sock" % self.tempdir))
+            VppSocketFilename(self, 1, "%s/memif1.sock" % self.tempdir)
+        )
         # default path (test tempdir)
         memif_sockets.append(
-            VppSocketFilename(
-                self,
-                2,
-                "memif2.sock",
-                add_default_folder=True))
+            VppSocketFilename(self, 2, "memif2.sock", add_default_folder=True)
+        )
         # create new folder in default folder
         memif_sockets.append(
-            VppSocketFilename(
-                self,
-                3,
-                "sock/memif3.sock",
-                add_default_folder=True))
+            VppSocketFilename(self, 3, "sock/memif3.sock", add_default_folder=True)
+        )
 
         for sock in memif_sockets:
             sock.add_vpp_config()
             dump = sock.query_vpp_config()
             self.assertTrue(
-                self._check_socket_filename(
-                    dump,
-                    sock.socket_id,
-                    sock.socket_filename))
+                self._check_socket_filename(dump, sock.socket_id, sock.socket_filename)
+            )
 
         for sock in memif_sockets:
             sock.remove_vpp_config()
 
         dump = self.vapi.memif_socket_filename_dump()
         self.assertTrue(
-            self._check_socket_filename(
-                dump, 0, "%s/memif.sock" % self.tempdir))
+            self._check_socket_filename(dump, 0, "%s/memif.sock" % self.tempdir)
+        )
 
     def _create_delete_test_one_interface(self, memif):
         memif.add_vpp_config()
@@ -121,7 +111,7 @@ class TestMemif(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(dump.sw_if_index, memif.sw_if_index)
         self.assertEqual(dump.role, memif.role)
         self.assertEqual(dump.mode, memif.mode)
-        if (memif.socket_id is not None):
+        if memif.socket_id is not None:
             self.assertEqual(dump.socket_id, memif.socket_id)
 
         memif.remove_vpp_config()
@@ -155,43 +145,39 @@ class TestMemif(VppTestCase):
         memif1.remove_vpp_config()
 
     def test_memif_create_delete(self):
-        """ Memif create/delete interface """
+        """Memif create/delete interface"""
 
         memif = VppMemif(
             self,
             VppEnum.vl_api_memif_role_t.MEMIF_ROLE_API_SLAVE,
-            VppEnum.vl_api_memif_mode_t.MEMIF_MODE_API_ETHERNET)
+            VppEnum.vl_api_memif_mode_t.MEMIF_MODE_API_ETHERNET,
+        )
         self._create_delete_test_one_interface(memif)
         memif.role = VppEnum.vl_api_memif_role_t.MEMIF_ROLE_API_MASTER
         self._create_delete_test_one_interface(memif)
 
     def test_memif_create_custom_socket(self):
-        """ Memif create with non-default socket filename """
+        """Memif create with non-default socket filename"""
 
         memif_sockets = []
         # existing path
         memif_sockets.append(
-            VppSocketFilename(
-                self, 1, "%s/memif1.sock" % self.tempdir))
+            VppSocketFilename(self, 1, "%s/memif1.sock" % self.tempdir)
+        )
         # default path (test tempdir)
         memif_sockets.append(
-            VppSocketFilename(
-                self,
-                2,
-                "memif2.sock",
-                add_default_folder=True))
+            VppSocketFilename(self, 2, "memif2.sock", add_default_folder=True)
+        )
         # create new folder in default folder
         memif_sockets.append(
-            VppSocketFilename(
-                self,
-                3,
-                "sock/memif3.sock",
-                add_default_folder=True))
+            VppSocketFilename(self, 3, "sock/memif3.sock", add_default_folder=True)
+        )
 
         memif = VppMemif(
             self,
             VppEnum.vl_api_memif_role_t.MEMIF_ROLE_API_SLAVE,
-            VppEnum.vl_api_memif_mode_t.MEMIF_MODE_API_ETHERNET)
+            VppEnum.vl_api_memif_mode_t.MEMIF_MODE_API_ETHERNET,
+        )
 
         for sock in memif_sockets:
             sock.add_vpp_config()
@@ -202,17 +188,19 @@ class TestMemif(VppTestCase):
             self._create_delete_test_one_interface(memif)
 
     def test_memif_connect(self):
-        """ Memif connect """
+        """Memif connect"""
         memif = VppMemif(
             self,
             VppEnum.vl_api_memif_role_t.MEMIF_ROLE_API_SLAVE,
             VppEnum.vl_api_memif_mode_t.MEMIF_MODE_API_ETHERNET,
             ring_size=1024,
             buffer_size=2048,
-            secret="abc")
+            secret="abc",
+        )
 
-        remote_socket = VppSocketFilename(self.remote_test, 1,
-                                          "%s/memif.sock" % self.tempdir)
+        remote_socket = VppSocketFilename(
+            self.remote_test, 1, "%s/memif.sock" % self.tempdir
+        )
         remote_socket.add_vpp_config()
 
         remote_memif = VppMemif(
@@ -222,7 +210,8 @@ class TestMemif(VppTestCase):
             socket_id=1,
             ring_size=1024,
             buffer_size=2048,
-            secret="abc")
+            secret="abc",
+        )
 
         self._connect_test_interface_pair(memif, remote_memif)
 
@@ -234,10 +223,11 @@ class TestMemif(VppTestCase):
     def _create_icmp(self, pg, memif, num):
         pkts = []
         for i in range(num):
-            pkt = (Ether(dst=pg.local_mac, src=pg.remote_mac) /
-                   IP(src=pg.remote_ip4,
-                      dst=str(memif.ip_prefix.network_address)) /
-                   ICMP(id=memif.if_id, type='echo-request', seq=i))
+            pkt = (
+                Ether(dst=pg.local_mac, src=pg.remote_mac)
+                / IP(src=pg.remote_ip4, dst=str(memif.ip_prefix.network_address))
+                / ICMP(id=memif.if_id, type="echo-request", seq=i)
+            )
             pkts.append(pkt)
         return pkts
 
@@ -252,22 +242,25 @@ class TestMemif(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(icmp.seq, seq)
 
     def test_memif_ping(self):
-        """ Memif ping """
+        """Memif ping"""
 
         memif = VppMemif(
             self,
             VppEnum.vl_api_memif_role_t.MEMIF_ROLE_API_SLAVE,
-            VppEnum.vl_api_memif_mode_t.MEMIF_MODE_API_ETHERNET)
+            VppEnum.vl_api_memif_mode_t.MEMIF_MODE_API_ETHERNET,
+        )
 
-        remote_socket = VppSocketFilename(self.remote_test, 1,
-                                          "%s/memif.sock" % self.tempdir)
+        remote_socket = VppSocketFilename(
+            self.remote_test, 1, "%s/memif.sock" % self.tempdir
+        )
         remote_socket.add_vpp_config()
 
         remote_memif = VppMemif(
             self.remote_test,
             VppEnum.vl_api_memif_role_t.MEMIF_ROLE_API_MASTER,
             VppEnum.vl_api_memif_mode_t.MEMIF_MODE_API_ETHERNET,
-            socket_id=1)
+            socket_id=1,
+        )
 
         memif.add_vpp_config()
         memif.config_ip4()
@@ -281,10 +274,13 @@ class TestMemif(VppTestCase):
         self.assertTrue(remote_memif.wait_for_link_up(5))
 
         # add routing to remote vpp
-        route = VppIpRoute(self.remote_test, self.pg0._local_ip4_subnet, 24,
-                           [VppRoutePath(memif.ip_prefix.network_address,
-                                         0xffffffff)],
-                           register=False)
+        route = VppIpRoute(
+            self.remote_test,
+            self.pg0._local_ip4_subnet,
+            24,
+            [VppRoutePath(memif.ip_prefix.network_address, 0xFFFFFFFF)],
+            register=False,
+        )
 
         route.add_vpp_config()
 
@@ -304,17 +300,19 @@ class TestMemif(VppTestCase):
         route.remove_vpp_config()
 
     def test_memif_admin_up_down_up(self):
-        """ Memif admin up/down/up """
+        """Memif admin up/down/up"""
         memif = VppMemif(
             self,
             VppEnum.vl_api_memif_role_t.MEMIF_ROLE_API_SLAVE,
             VppEnum.vl_api_memif_mode_t.MEMIF_MODE_API_ETHERNET,
             ring_size=1024,
             buffer_size=2048,
-            secret="abc")
+            secret="abc",
+        )
 
-        remote_socket = VppSocketFilename(self.remote_test, 1,
-                                          "%s/memif.sock" % self.tempdir)
+        remote_socket = VppSocketFilename(
+            self.remote_test, 1, "%s/memif.sock" % self.tempdir
+        )
         remote_socket.add_vpp_config()
 
         remote_memif = VppMemif(
@@ -324,7 +322,8 @@ class TestMemif(VppTestCase):
             socket_id=1,
             ring_size=1024,
             buffer_size=2048,
-            secret="abc")
+            secret="abc",
+        )
 
         memif.add_vpp_config()
         remote_memif.add_vpp_config()
@@ -344,5 +343,5 @@ class TestMemif(VppTestCase):
         remote_socket.remove_vpp_config()
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_mpcap.py b/test/test_mpcap.py
index bfa4385ed1a..e075214a202 100644
--- a/test/test_mpcap.py
+++ b/test/test_mpcap.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import os
 
 
 class TestMpcap(VppTestCase):
-    """ Mpcap Unit Test Cases """
+    """Mpcap Unit Test Cases"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -25,22 +25,24 @@ class TestMpcap(VppTestCase):
         super(TestMpcap, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_mpcap_unittest(self):
-        """ Mapped pcap file test """
-        cmds = ["packet-generator new {\n"
-                " name mpcap\n"
-                " limit 15\n"
-                " size 128-128\n"
-                " interface local0\n"
-                " node mpcap-unittest\n"
-                " data {\n"
-                "   IP6: 00:d0:2d:5e:86:85 -> 00:0d:ea:d0:00:00\n"
-                "   ICMP: db00::1 -> db00::2\n"
-                "   incrementing 30\n"
-                "   }\n",
-                "trace add pg-input 15",
-                "pa en",
-                "show trace",
-                "show error"]
+        """Mapped pcap file test"""
+        cmds = [
+            "packet-generator new {\n"
+            " name mpcap\n"
+            " limit 15\n"
+            " size 128-128\n"
+            " interface local0\n"
+            " node mpcap-unittest\n"
+            " data {\n"
+            "   IP6: 00:d0:2d:5e:86:85 -> 00:0d:ea:d0:00:00\n"
+            "   ICMP: db00::1 -> db00::2\n"
+            "   incrementing 30\n"
+            "   }\n",
+            "trace add pg-input 15",
+            "pa en",
+            "show trace",
+            "show error",
+        ]
 
         for cmd in cmds:
             self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli(cmd))
@@ -49,7 +51,8 @@ class TestMpcap(VppTestCase):
         os.remove("/tmp/mpcap_unittest.pcap")
         if size != 2184:
             self.logger.critical("BUG: file size %d not 2184" % size)
-            self.assertNotIn('WrongMPCAPFileSize', 'WrongMPCAPFileSize')
+            self.assertNotIn("WrongMPCAPFileSize", "WrongMPCAPFileSize")
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_mpls.py b/test/test_mpls.py
index a568f849aed..6e01a03aea1 100644
--- a/test/test_mpls.py
+++ b/test/test_mpls.py
@@ -6,11 +6,24 @@ import socket
 from framework import tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 from framework import VppTestCase, VppTestRunner
 from vpp_ip import DpoProto, INVALID_INDEX
-from vpp_ip_route import VppIpRoute, VppRoutePath, VppMplsRoute, \
-    VppMplsIpBind, VppIpMRoute, VppMRoutePath, \
-    VppIpTable, VppMplsTable, \
-    VppMplsLabel, MplsLspMode, find_mpls_route, \
-    FibPathProto, FibPathType, FibPathFlags, VppMplsLabel, MplsLspMode
+from vpp_ip_route import (
+    VppIpRoute,
+    VppRoutePath,
+    VppMplsRoute,
+    VppMplsIpBind,
+    VppIpMRoute,
+    VppMRoutePath,
+    VppIpTable,
+    VppMplsTable,
+    VppMplsLabel,
+    MplsLspMode,
+    find_mpls_route,
+    FibPathProto,
+    FibPathType,
+    FibPathFlags,
+    VppMplsLabel,
+    MplsLspMode,
+)
 from vpp_mpls_tunnel_interface import VppMPLSTunnelInterface
 from vpp_papi import VppEnum
 
@@ -18,8 +31,12 @@ import scapy.compat
 from scapy.packet import Raw
 from scapy.layers.l2 import Ether, ARP
 from scapy.layers.inet import IP, UDP, ICMP, icmptypes, icmpcodes
-from scapy.layers.inet6 import IPv6, ICMPv6TimeExceeded, ICMPv6EchoRequest, \
-    ICMPv6PacketTooBig
+from scapy.layers.inet6 import (
+    IPv6,
+    ICMPv6TimeExceeded,
+    ICMPv6EchoRequest,
+    ICMPv6PacketTooBig,
+)
 from scapy.contrib.mpls import MPLS
 
 NUM_PKTS = 67
@@ -63,7 +80,7 @@ def verify_mpls_stack(tst, rx, mpls_labels):
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
-    """ MPLS Test Case """
+    """MPLS Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -120,15 +137,16 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
 
     # the default of 64 matches the IP packet TTL default
     def create_stream_labelled_ip4(
-            self,
-            src_if,
-            mpls_labels,
-            ping=0,
-            ip_itf=None,
-            dst_ip=None,
-            chksum=None,
-            ip_ttl=64,
-            n=257):
+        self,
+        src_if,
+        mpls_labels,
+        ping=0,
+        ip_itf=None,
+        dst_ip=None,
+        chksum=None,
+        ip_ttl=64,
+        n=257,
+    ):
         self.reset_packet_infos()
         pkts = []
         for i in range(0, n):
@@ -137,25 +155,32 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
             p = Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac)
 
             for ii in range(len(mpls_labels)):
-                p = p / MPLS(label=mpls_labels[ii].value,
-                             ttl=mpls_labels[ii].ttl,
-                             cos=mpls_labels[ii].exp)
+                p = p / MPLS(
+                    label=mpls_labels[ii].value,
+                    ttl=mpls_labels[ii].ttl,
+                    cos=mpls_labels[ii].exp,
+                )
             if not ping:
                 if not dst_ip:
-                    p = (p / IP(src=src_if.local_ip4,
-                                dst=src_if.remote_ip4,
-                                ttl=ip_ttl) /
-                         UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                         Raw(payload))
+                    p = (
+                        p
+                        / IP(src=src_if.local_ip4, dst=src_if.remote_ip4, ttl=ip_ttl)
+                        / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                        / Raw(payload)
+                    )
                 else:
-                    p = (p / IP(src=src_if.local_ip4, dst=dst_ip, ttl=ip_ttl) /
-                         UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                         Raw(payload))
+                    p = (
+                        p
+                        / IP(src=src_if.local_ip4, dst=dst_ip, ttl=ip_ttl)
+                        / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                        / Raw(payload)
+                    )
             else:
-                p = (p / IP(src=ip_itf.remote_ip4,
-                            dst=ip_itf.local_ip4,
-                            ttl=ip_ttl) /
-                     ICMP())
+                p = (
+                    p
+                    / IP(src=ip_itf.remote_ip4, dst=ip_itf.local_ip4, ttl=ip_ttl)
+                    / ICMP()
+                )
 
             if chksum:
                 p[IP].chksum = chksum
@@ -163,18 +188,20 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
             pkts.append(p)
         return pkts
 
-    def create_stream_ip4(self, src_if, dst_ip, ip_ttl=64,
-                          ip_dscp=0, payload_size=None):
+    def create_stream_ip4(
+        self, src_if, dst_ip, ip_ttl=64, ip_dscp=0, payload_size=None
+    ):
         self.reset_packet_infos()
         pkts = []
         for i in range(0, 257):
             info = self.create_packet_info(src_if, src_if)
             payload = self.info_to_payload(info)
-            p = (Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac) /
-                 IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_ip,
-                    ttl=ip_ttl, tos=ip_dscp) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(payload))
+            p = (
+                Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac)
+                / IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_ip, ttl=ip_ttl, tos=ip_dscp)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(payload)
+            )
             info.data = p.copy()
             if payload_size:
                 self.extend_packet(p, payload_size)
@@ -187,18 +214,19 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         for i in range(0, 257):
             info = self.create_packet_info(src_if, src_if)
             payload = self.info_to_payload(info)
-            p = (Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac) /
-                 IPv6(src=src_if.remote_ip6, dst=dst_ip,
-                      hlim=ip_ttl, tc=ip_dscp) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(payload))
+            p = (
+                Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac)
+                / IPv6(src=src_if.remote_ip6, dst=dst_ip, hlim=ip_ttl, tc=ip_dscp)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(payload)
+            )
             info.data = p.copy()
             pkts.append(p)
         return pkts
 
-    def create_stream_labelled_ip6(self, src_if, mpls_labels,
-                                   hlim=64, dst_ip=None,
-                                   ping=0, ip_itf=None):
+    def create_stream_labelled_ip6(
+        self, src_if, mpls_labels, hlim=64, dst_ip=None, ping=0, ip_itf=None
+    ):
         if dst_ip is None:
             dst_ip = src_if.remote_ip6
         self.reset_packet_infos()
@@ -211,19 +239,23 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
                 p = p / MPLS(label=l.value, ttl=l.ttl, cos=l.exp)
 
             if ping:
-                p = p / (IPv6(src=ip_itf.remote_ip6,
-                              dst=ip_itf.local_ip6) /
-                         ICMPv6EchoRequest())
+                p = p / (
+                    IPv6(src=ip_itf.remote_ip6, dst=ip_itf.local_ip6)
+                    / ICMPv6EchoRequest()
+                )
             else:
-                p = p / (IPv6(src=src_if.remote_ip6, dst=dst_ip, hlim=hlim) /
-                         UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                         Raw(payload))
+                p = p / (
+                    IPv6(src=src_if.remote_ip6, dst=dst_ip, hlim=hlim)
+                    / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                    / Raw(payload)
+                )
             info.data = p.copy()
             pkts.append(p)
         return pkts
 
-    def verify_capture_ip4(self, src_if, capture, sent, ping_resp=0,
-                           ip_ttl=None, ip_dscp=0):
+    def verify_capture_ip4(
+        self, src_if, capture, sent, ping_resp=0, ip_ttl=None, ip_dscp=0
+    ):
         try:
             capture = verify_filter(capture, sent)
 
@@ -256,8 +288,9 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         except:
             raise
 
-    def verify_capture_labelled_ip4(self, src_if, capture, sent,
-                                    mpls_labels, ip_ttl=None):
+    def verify_capture_labelled_ip4(
+        self, src_if, capture, sent, mpls_labels, ip_ttl=None
+    ):
         try:
             capture = verify_filter(capture, sent)
 
@@ -282,8 +315,9 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         except:
             raise
 
-    def verify_capture_labelled_ip6(self, src_if, capture, sent,
-                                    mpls_labels, ip_ttl=None):
+    def verify_capture_labelled_ip6(
+        self, src_if, capture, sent, mpls_labels, ip_ttl=None
+    ):
         try:
             capture = verify_filter(capture, sent)
 
@@ -330,8 +364,7 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         except:
             raise
 
-    def verify_capture_labelled(self, src_if, capture, sent,
-                                mpls_labels):
+    def verify_capture_labelled(self, src_if, capture, sent, mpls_labels):
         try:
             capture = verify_filter(capture, sent)
 
@@ -343,9 +376,9 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         except:
             raise
 
-    def verify_capture_ip6(self, src_if, capture, sent,
-                           ip_hlim=None, ip_dscp=0,
-                           ping_resp=0):
+    def verify_capture_ip6(
+        self, src_if, capture, sent, ip_hlim=None, ip_dscp=0, ping_resp=0
+    ):
         try:
             self.assertEqual(len(capture), len(sent))
 
@@ -363,7 +396,7 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
                 if not ping_resp:
                     self.assertEqual(rx_ip.src, tx_ip.src)
                     self.assertEqual(rx_ip.dst, tx_ip.dst)
-                    self.assertEqual(rx_ip.tc,  ip_dscp)
+                    self.assertEqual(rx_ip.tc, ip_dscp)
                     # IP processing post pop has decremented the TTL
                     if not ip_hlim:
                         self.assertEqual(rx_ip.hlim + 1, tx_ip.hlim)
@@ -402,8 +435,9 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         except:
             raise
 
-    def verify_capture_fragmented_labelled_ip4(self, src_if, capture, sent,
-                                               mpls_labels, ip_ttl=None):
+    def verify_capture_fragmented_labelled_ip4(
+        self, src_if, capture, sent, mpls_labels, ip_ttl=None
+    ):
         try:
             capture = verify_filter(capture, sent)
 
@@ -426,8 +460,9 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         except:
             raise
 
-    def verify_capture_fragmented_labelled_ip6(self, src_if, capture, sent,
-                                               mpls_labels, ip_ttl=None):
+    def verify_capture_fragmented_labelled_ip6(
+        self, src_if, capture, sent, mpls_labels, ip_ttl=None
+    ):
         try:
             capture = verify_filter(capture, sent)
 
@@ -452,82 +487,115 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
             raise
 
     def test_swap(self):
-        """ MPLS label swap tests """
+        """MPLS label swap tests"""
 
         #
         # A simple MPLS xconnect - eos label in label out
         #
-        route_32_eos = VppMplsRoute(self, 32, 1,
-                                    [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                                  self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                                  labels=[VppMplsLabel(33)])])
+        route_32_eos = VppMplsRoute(
+            self,
+            32,
+            1,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.pg0.sw_if_index, labels=[VppMplsLabel(33)]
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route_32_eos.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.assertTrue(
-            find_mpls_route(self, 0, 32, 1,
-                            [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                          self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                          labels=[VppMplsLabel(33)])]))
+            find_mpls_route(
+                self,
+                0,
+                32,
+                1,
+                [
+                    VppRoutePath(
+                        self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                        self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+                        labels=[VppMplsLabel(33)],
+                    )
+                ],
+            )
+        )
 
         #
         # a stream that matches the route for 10.0.0.1
         # PG0 is in the default table
         #
-        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip4(self.pg0,
-                                             [VppMplsLabel(32, ttl=32, exp=1)])
+        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip4(
+            self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(32, ttl=32, exp=1)]
+        )
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg0)
-        self.verify_capture_labelled(self.pg0, rx, tx,
-                                     [VppMplsLabel(33, ttl=31, exp=1)])
+        self.verify_capture_labelled(
+            self.pg0, rx, tx, [VppMplsLabel(33, ttl=31, exp=1)]
+        )
 
-        self.assertEqual(route_32_eos.get_stats_to()['packets'], 257)
+        self.assertEqual(route_32_eos.get_stats_to()["packets"], 257)
 
         #
         # A simple MPLS xconnect - non-eos label in label out
         #
-        route_32_neos = VppMplsRoute(self, 32, 0,
-                                     [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                                   self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                                   labels=[VppMplsLabel(33)])])
+        route_32_neos = VppMplsRoute(
+            self,
+            32,
+            0,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.pg0.sw_if_index, labels=[VppMplsLabel(33)]
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route_32_neos.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # a stream that matches the route for 10.0.0.1
         # PG0 is in the default table
         #
-        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip4(self.pg0,
-                                             [VppMplsLabel(32, ttl=21, exp=7),
-                                              VppMplsLabel(99)])
+        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip4(
+            self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(32, ttl=21, exp=7), VppMplsLabel(99)]
+        )
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg0)
-        self.verify_capture_labelled(self.pg0, rx, tx,
-                                     [VppMplsLabel(33, ttl=20, exp=7),
-                                      VppMplsLabel(99)])
-        self.assertEqual(route_32_neos.get_stats_to()['packets'], 257)
+        self.verify_capture_labelled(
+            self.pg0, rx, tx, [VppMplsLabel(33, ttl=20, exp=7), VppMplsLabel(99)]
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(route_32_neos.get_stats_to()["packets"], 257)
 
         #
         # A simple MPLS xconnect - non-eos label in label out, uniform mode
         #
         route_42_neos = VppMplsRoute(
-            self, 42, 0,
-            [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                          self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                          labels=[VppMplsLabel(43, MplsLspMode.UNIFORM)])])
+            self,
+            42,
+            0,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                    self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+                    labels=[VppMplsLabel(43, MplsLspMode.UNIFORM)],
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route_42_neos.add_vpp_config()
 
-        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip4(self.pg0,
-                                             [VppMplsLabel(42, ttl=21, exp=7),
-                                              VppMplsLabel(99)])
+        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip4(
+            self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(42, ttl=21, exp=7), VppMplsLabel(99)]
+        )
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg0)
-        self.verify_capture_labelled(self.pg0, rx, tx,
-                                     [VppMplsLabel(43, ttl=20, exp=7),
-                                      VppMplsLabel(99)])
+        self.verify_capture_labelled(
+            self.pg0, rx, tx, [VppMplsLabel(43, ttl=20, exp=7), VppMplsLabel(99)]
+        )
 
         #
         # An MPLS xconnect - EOS label in IP out
         #
-        route_33_eos = VppMplsRoute(self, 33, 1,
-                                    [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                                  self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                                  labels=[])])
+        route_33_eos = VppMplsRoute(
+            self,
+            33,
+            1,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.pg0.sw_if_index, labels=[])],
+        )
         route_33_eos.add_vpp_config()
 
         tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip4(self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(33)])
@@ -537,30 +605,36 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         #
         # disposed packets have an invalid IPv4 checksum
         #
-        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip4(self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(33)],
-                                             dst_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                             n=65,
-                                             chksum=1)
+        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip4(
+            self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(33)], dst_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip4, n=65, chksum=1
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, tx, "Invalid Checksum")
 
         #
         # An MPLS xconnect - EOS label in IP out, uniform mode
         #
         route_3333_eos = VppMplsRoute(
-            self, 3333, 1,
-            [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                          self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                          labels=[VppMplsLabel(3, MplsLspMode.UNIFORM)])])
+            self,
+            3333,
+            1,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                    self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+                    labels=[VppMplsLabel(3, MplsLspMode.UNIFORM)],
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route_3333_eos.add_vpp_config()
 
         tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip4(
-            self.pg0,
-            [VppMplsLabel(3333, ttl=55, exp=3)])
+            self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(3333, ttl=55, exp=3)]
+        )
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg0)
         self.verify_capture_ip4(self.pg0, rx, tx, ip_ttl=54, ip_dscp=0x60)
         tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip4(
-            self.pg0,
-            [VppMplsLabel(3333, ttl=66, exp=4)])
+            self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(3333, ttl=66, exp=4)]
+        )
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg0)
         self.verify_capture_ip4(self.pg0, rx, tx, ip_ttl=65, ip_dscp=0x80)
 
@@ -568,11 +642,12 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         # An MPLS xconnect - EOS label in IPv6 out
         #
         route_333_eos = VppMplsRoute(
-            self, 333, 1,
-            [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                          self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                          labels=[])],
-            eos_proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6)
+            self,
+            333,
+            1,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip6, self.pg0.sw_if_index, labels=[])],
+            eos_proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6,
+        )
         route_333_eos.add_vpp_config()
 
         tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip6(self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(333)])
@@ -582,10 +657,9 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         #
         # disposed packets have an TTL expired
         #
-        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip6(self.pg0,
-                                             [VppMplsLabel(333, ttl=64)],
-                                             dst_ip=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                                             hlim=1)
+        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip6(
+            self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(333, ttl=64)], dst_ip=self.pg1.remote_ip6, hlim=1
+        )
         rx = self.send_and_expect_some(self.pg0, tx, self.pg0)
         self.verify_capture_ip6_icmp(self.pg0, rx, tx)
 
@@ -593,15 +667,19 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         # An MPLS xconnect - EOS label in IPv6 out w imp-null
         #
         route_334_eos = VppMplsRoute(
-            self, 334, 1,
-            [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                          self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                          labels=[VppMplsLabel(3)])],
-            eos_proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6)
+            self,
+            334,
+            1,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.remote_ip6, self.pg0.sw_if_index, labels=[VppMplsLabel(3)]
+                )
+            ],
+            eos_proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6,
+        )
         route_334_eos.add_vpp_config()
 
-        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip6(self.pg0,
-                                             [VppMplsLabel(334, ttl=64)])
+        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip6(self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(334, ttl=64)])
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg0)
         self.verify_capture_ip6(self.pg0, rx, tx)
 
@@ -609,25 +687,32 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         # An MPLS xconnect - EOS label in IPv6 out w imp-null in uniform mode
         #
         route_335_eos = VppMplsRoute(
-            self, 335, 1,
-            [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                          self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                          labels=[VppMplsLabel(3, MplsLspMode.UNIFORM)])],
-            eos_proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6)
+            self,
+            335,
+            1,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.remote_ip6,
+                    self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+                    labels=[VppMplsLabel(3, MplsLspMode.UNIFORM)],
+                )
+            ],
+            eos_proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6,
+        )
         route_335_eos.add_vpp_config()
 
         tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip6(
-            self.pg0,
-            [VppMplsLabel(335, ttl=27, exp=4)])
+            self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(335, ttl=27, exp=4)]
+        )
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg0)
         self.verify_capture_ip6(self.pg0, rx, tx, ip_hlim=26, ip_dscp=0x80)
 
         #
         # disposed packets have an TTL expired
         #
-        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip6(self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(334)],
-                                             dst_ip=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                                             hlim=0)
+        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip6(
+            self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(334)], dst_ip=self.pg1.remote_ip6, hlim=0
+        )
         rx = self.send_and_expect_some(self.pg0, tx, self.pg0)
         self.verify_capture_ip6_icmp(self.pg0, rx, tx)
 
@@ -635,104 +720,136 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         # An MPLS xconnect - non-EOS label in IP out - an invalid configuration
         # so this traffic should be dropped.
         #
-        route_33_neos = VppMplsRoute(self, 33, 0,
-                                     [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                                   self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                                   labels=[])])
+        route_33_neos = VppMplsRoute(
+            self,
+            33,
+            0,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.pg0.sw_if_index, labels=[])],
+        )
         route_33_neos.add_vpp_config()
 
-        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip4(self.pg0,
-                                             [VppMplsLabel(33),
-                                              VppMplsLabel(99)])
+        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip4(
+            self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(33), VppMplsLabel(99)]
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
-            self.pg0, tx,
-            "MPLS non-EOS packets popped and forwarded")
+            self.pg0, tx, "MPLS non-EOS packets popped and forwarded"
+        )
 
         #
         # A recursive EOS x-connect, which resolves through another x-connect
         # in pipe mode
         #
-        route_34_eos = VppMplsRoute(self, 34, 1,
-                                    [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                                  0xffffffff,
-                                                  nh_via_label=32,
-                                                  labels=[VppMplsLabel(44),
-                                                          VppMplsLabel(45)])])
+        route_34_eos = VppMplsRoute(
+            self,
+            34,
+            1,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "0.0.0.0",
+                    0xFFFFFFFF,
+                    nh_via_label=32,
+                    labels=[VppMplsLabel(44), VppMplsLabel(45)],
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route_34_eos.add_vpp_config()
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh mpls fib 34"))
 
-        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip4(self.pg0,
-                                             [VppMplsLabel(34, ttl=3)])
+        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip4(self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(34, ttl=3)])
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg0)
-        self.verify_capture_labelled(self.pg0, rx, tx,
-                                     [VppMplsLabel(33),
-                                      VppMplsLabel(44),
-                                      VppMplsLabel(45, ttl=2)])
+        self.verify_capture_labelled(
+            self.pg0,
+            rx,
+            tx,
+            [VppMplsLabel(33), VppMplsLabel(44), VppMplsLabel(45, ttl=2)],
+        )
 
-        self.assertEqual(route_34_eos.get_stats_to()['packets'], 257)
-        self.assertEqual(route_32_neos.get_stats_via()['packets'], 257)
+        self.assertEqual(route_34_eos.get_stats_to()["packets"], 257)
+        self.assertEqual(route_32_neos.get_stats_via()["packets"], 257)
 
         #
         # A recursive EOS x-connect, which resolves through another x-connect
         # in uniform mode
         #
         route_35_eos = VppMplsRoute(
-            self, 35, 1,
-            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                          0xffffffff,
-                          nh_via_label=42,
-                          labels=[VppMplsLabel(44)])])
+            self,
+            35,
+            1,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "0.0.0.0", 0xFFFFFFFF, nh_via_label=42, labels=[VppMplsLabel(44)]
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route_35_eos.add_vpp_config()
 
-        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip4(self.pg0,
-                                             [VppMplsLabel(35, ttl=3)])
+        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip4(self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(35, ttl=3)])
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg0)
-        self.verify_capture_labelled(self.pg0, rx, tx,
-                                     [VppMplsLabel(43, ttl=2),
-                                      VppMplsLabel(44, ttl=2)])
+        self.verify_capture_labelled(
+            self.pg0, rx, tx, [VppMplsLabel(43, ttl=2), VppMplsLabel(44, ttl=2)]
+        )
 
         #
         # A recursive non-EOS x-connect, which resolves through another
         # x-connect
         #
-        route_34_neos = VppMplsRoute(self, 34, 0,
-                                     [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                                   0xffffffff,
-                                                   nh_via_label=32,
-                                                   labels=[VppMplsLabel(44),
-                                                           VppMplsLabel(46)])])
+        route_34_neos = VppMplsRoute(
+            self,
+            34,
+            0,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "0.0.0.0",
+                    0xFFFFFFFF,
+                    nh_via_label=32,
+                    labels=[VppMplsLabel(44), VppMplsLabel(46)],
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route_34_neos.add_vpp_config()
 
-        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip4(self.pg0,
-                                             [VppMplsLabel(34, ttl=45),
-                                              VppMplsLabel(99)])
+        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip4(
+            self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(34, ttl=45), VppMplsLabel(99)]
+        )
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg0)
         # it's the 2nd (counting from 0) label in the stack that is swapped
-        self.verify_capture_labelled(self.pg0, rx, tx,
-                                     [VppMplsLabel(33),
-                                      VppMplsLabel(44),
-                                      VppMplsLabel(46, ttl=44),
-                                      VppMplsLabel(99)])
+        self.verify_capture_labelled(
+            self.pg0,
+            rx,
+            tx,
+            [
+                VppMplsLabel(33),
+                VppMplsLabel(44),
+                VppMplsLabel(46, ttl=44),
+                VppMplsLabel(99),
+            ],
+        )
 
         #
         # an recursive IP route that resolves through the recursive non-eos
         # x-connect
         #
-        ip_10_0_0_1 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.0.0.1", 32,
-                                 [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                               0xffffffff,
-                                               nh_via_label=34,
-                                               labels=[VppMplsLabel(55)])])
+        ip_10_0_0_1 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10.0.0.1",
+            32,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "0.0.0.0", 0xFFFFFFFF, nh_via_label=34, labels=[VppMplsLabel(55)]
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         ip_10_0_0_1.add_vpp_config()
 
         tx = self.create_stream_ip4(self.pg0, "10.0.0.1")
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg0)
-        self.verify_capture_labelled_ip4(self.pg0, rx, tx,
-                                         [VppMplsLabel(33),
-                                          VppMplsLabel(44),
-                                          VppMplsLabel(46),
-                                          VppMplsLabel(55)])
-        self.assertEqual(ip_10_0_0_1.get_stats_to()['packets'], 257)
+        self.verify_capture_labelled_ip4(
+            self.pg0,
+            rx,
+            tx,
+            [VppMplsLabel(33), VppMplsLabel(44), VppMplsLabel(46), VppMplsLabel(55)],
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(ip_10_0_0_1.get_stats_to()["packets"], 257)
 
         ip_10_0_0_1.remove_vpp_config()
         route_34_neos.remove_vpp_config()
@@ -743,15 +860,21 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         route_32_eos.remove_vpp_config()
 
     def test_bind(self):
-        """ MPLS Local Label Binding test """
+        """MPLS Local Label Binding test"""
 
         #
         # Add a non-recursive route with a single out label
         #
-        route_10_0_0_1 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.0.0.1", 32,
-                                    [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                                  self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                                  labels=[VppMplsLabel(45)])])
+        route_10_0_0_1 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10.0.0.1",
+            32,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.pg0.sw_if_index, labels=[VppMplsLabel(45)]
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route_10_0_0_1.add_vpp_config()
 
         # bind a local label to the route
@@ -759,19 +882,18 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         binding.add_vpp_config()
 
         # non-EOS stream
-        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip4(self.pg0,
-                                             [VppMplsLabel(44),
-                                              VppMplsLabel(99)])
+        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip4(
+            self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(44), VppMplsLabel(99)]
+        )
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg0)
-        self.verify_capture_labelled(self.pg0, rx, tx,
-                                     [VppMplsLabel(45, ttl=63),
-                                      VppMplsLabel(99)])
+        self.verify_capture_labelled(
+            self.pg0, rx, tx, [VppMplsLabel(45, ttl=63), VppMplsLabel(99)]
+        )
 
         # EOS stream
         tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip4(self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(44)])
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg0)
-        self.verify_capture_labelled(self.pg0, rx, tx,
-                                     [VppMplsLabel(45, ttl=63)])
+        self.verify_capture_labelled(self.pg0, rx, tx, [VppMplsLabel(45, ttl=63)])
 
         # IP stream
         tx = self.create_stream_ip4(self.pg0, "10.0.0.1")
@@ -785,15 +907,21 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         route_10_0_0_1.remove_vpp_config()
 
     def test_imposition(self):
-        """ MPLS label imposition test """
+        """MPLS label imposition test"""
 
         #
         # Add a non-recursive route with a single out label
         #
-        route_10_0_0_1 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.0.0.1", 32,
-                                    [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                                  self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                                  labels=[VppMplsLabel(32)])])
+        route_10_0_0_1 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10.0.0.1",
+            32,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.pg0.sw_if_index, labels=[VppMplsLabel(32)]
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route_10_0_0_1.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -807,65 +935,86 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         #
         # Add a non-recursive route with a 3 out labels
         #
-        route_10_0_0_2 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.0.0.2", 32,
-                                    [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                                  self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                                  labels=[VppMplsLabel(32),
-                                                          VppMplsLabel(33),
-                                                          VppMplsLabel(34)])])
+        route_10_0_0_2 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10.0.0.2",
+            32,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                    self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+                    labels=[VppMplsLabel(32), VppMplsLabel(33), VppMplsLabel(34)],
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route_10_0_0_2.add_vpp_config()
 
-        tx = self.create_stream_ip4(self.pg0, "10.0.0.2",
-                                    ip_ttl=44, ip_dscp=0xff)
+        tx = self.create_stream_ip4(self.pg0, "10.0.0.2", ip_ttl=44, ip_dscp=0xFF)
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg0)
-        self.verify_capture_labelled_ip4(self.pg0, rx, tx,
-                                         [VppMplsLabel(32),
-                                          VppMplsLabel(33),
-                                          VppMplsLabel(34)],
-                                         ip_ttl=43)
+        self.verify_capture_labelled_ip4(
+            self.pg0,
+            rx,
+            tx,
+            [VppMplsLabel(32), VppMplsLabel(33), VppMplsLabel(34)],
+            ip_ttl=43,
+        )
 
         #
         # Add a non-recursive route with a single out label in uniform mode
         #
         route_10_0_0_3 = VppIpRoute(
-            self, "10.0.0.3", 32,
-            [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                          self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                          labels=[VppMplsLabel(32,
-                                               mode=MplsLspMode.UNIFORM)])])
+            self,
+            "10.0.0.3",
+            32,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                    self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+                    labels=[VppMplsLabel(32, mode=MplsLspMode.UNIFORM)],
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route_10_0_0_3.add_vpp_config()
 
-        tx = self.create_stream_ip4(self.pg0, "10.0.0.3",
-                                    ip_ttl=54, ip_dscp=0xbe)
+        tx = self.create_stream_ip4(self.pg0, "10.0.0.3", ip_ttl=54, ip_dscp=0xBE)
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg0)
-        self.verify_capture_labelled_ip4(self.pg0, rx, tx,
-                                         [VppMplsLabel(32, ttl=53, exp=5)])
+        self.verify_capture_labelled_ip4(
+            self.pg0, rx, tx, [VppMplsLabel(32, ttl=53, exp=5)]
+        )
 
         #
         # Add a IPv6 non-recursive route with a single out label in
         # uniform mode
         #
         route_2001_3 = VppIpRoute(
-            self, "2001::3", 128,
-            [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                          self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                          labels=[VppMplsLabel(32,
-                                               mode=MplsLspMode.UNIFORM)])])
+            self,
+            "2001::3",
+            128,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.remote_ip6,
+                    self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+                    labels=[VppMplsLabel(32, mode=MplsLspMode.UNIFORM)],
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route_2001_3.add_vpp_config()
 
-        tx = self.create_stream_ip6(self.pg0, "2001::3",
-                                    ip_ttl=54, ip_dscp=0xbe)
+        tx = self.create_stream_ip6(self.pg0, "2001::3", ip_ttl=54, ip_dscp=0xBE)
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg0)
-        self.verify_capture_labelled_ip6(self.pg0, rx, tx,
-                                         [VppMplsLabel(32, ttl=53, exp=5)])
+        self.verify_capture_labelled_ip6(
+            self.pg0, rx, tx, [VppMplsLabel(32, ttl=53, exp=5)]
+        )
 
         #
         # add a recursive path, with output label, via the 1 label route
         #
-        route_11_0_0_1 = VppIpRoute(self, "11.0.0.1", 32,
-                                    [VppRoutePath("10.0.0.1",
-                                                  0xffffffff,
-                                                  labels=[VppMplsLabel(44)])])
+        route_11_0_0_1 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "11.0.0.1",
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath("10.0.0.1", 0xFFFFFFFF, labels=[VppMplsLabel(44)])],
+        )
         route_11_0_0_1.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -874,20 +1023,25 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         #
         tx = self.create_stream_ip4(self.pg0, "11.0.0.1")
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg0)
-        self.verify_capture_labelled_ip4(self.pg0, rx, tx,
-                                         [VppMplsLabel(32),
-                                          VppMplsLabel(44)])
+        self.verify_capture_labelled_ip4(
+            self.pg0, rx, tx, [VppMplsLabel(32), VppMplsLabel(44)]
+        )
 
-        self.assertEqual(route_11_0_0_1.get_stats_to()['packets'], 257)
+        self.assertEqual(route_11_0_0_1.get_stats_to()["packets"], 257)
 
         #
         # add a recursive path, with 2 labels, via the 3 label route
         #
-        route_11_0_0_2 = VppIpRoute(self, "11.0.0.2", 32,
-                                    [VppRoutePath("10.0.0.2",
-                                                  0xffffffff,
-                                                  labels=[VppMplsLabel(44),
-                                                          VppMplsLabel(45)])])
+        route_11_0_0_2 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "11.0.0.2",
+            32,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "10.0.0.2", 0xFFFFFFFF, labels=[VppMplsLabel(44), VppMplsLabel(45)]
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route_11_0_0_2.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -896,24 +1050,36 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         #
         tx = self.create_stream_ip4(self.pg0, "11.0.0.2")
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg0)
-        self.verify_capture_labelled_ip4(self.pg0, rx, tx,
-                                         [VppMplsLabel(32),
-                                          VppMplsLabel(33),
-                                          VppMplsLabel(34),
-                                          VppMplsLabel(44),
-                                          VppMplsLabel(45)])
+        self.verify_capture_labelled_ip4(
+            self.pg0,
+            rx,
+            tx,
+            [
+                VppMplsLabel(32),
+                VppMplsLabel(33),
+                VppMplsLabel(34),
+                VppMplsLabel(44),
+                VppMplsLabel(45),
+            ],
+        )
 
-        self.assertEqual(route_11_0_0_2.get_stats_to()['packets'], 257)
+        self.assertEqual(route_11_0_0_2.get_stats_to()["packets"], 257)
 
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg0)
-        self.verify_capture_labelled_ip4(self.pg0, rx, tx,
-                                         [VppMplsLabel(32),
-                                          VppMplsLabel(33),
-                                          VppMplsLabel(34),
-                                          VppMplsLabel(44),
-                                          VppMplsLabel(45)])
+        self.verify_capture_labelled_ip4(
+            self.pg0,
+            rx,
+            tx,
+            [
+                VppMplsLabel(32),
+                VppMplsLabel(33),
+                VppMplsLabel(34),
+                VppMplsLabel(44),
+                VppMplsLabel(45),
+            ],
+        )
 
-        self.assertEqual(route_11_0_0_2.get_stats_to()['packets'], 514)
+        self.assertEqual(route_11_0_0_2.get_stats_to()["packets"], 514)
 
         #
         # cleanup
@@ -924,20 +1090,32 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         route_10_0_0_1.remove_vpp_config()
 
     def test_imposition_fragmentation(self):
-        """ MPLS label imposition fragmentation test """
+        """MPLS label imposition fragmentation test"""
 
         #
         # Add a ipv4 non-recursive route with a single out label
         #
-        route_10_0_0_1 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.0.0.1", 32,
-                                    [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                                  self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                                  labels=[VppMplsLabel(32)])])
+        route_10_0_0_1 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10.0.0.1",
+            32,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.pg0.sw_if_index, labels=[VppMplsLabel(32)]
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route_10_0_0_1.add_vpp_config()
-        route_1000_1 = VppIpRoute(self, "1000::1", 128,
-                                  [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                                                self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                                labels=[VppMplsLabel(32)])])
+        route_1000_1 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "1000::1",
+            128,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.remote_ip6, self.pg0.sw_if_index, labels=[VppMplsLabel(32)]
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route_1000_1.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -952,24 +1130,29 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         # 5 fragments per packet (257*5=1285)
         #
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg0, 1285)
-        self.verify_capture_fragmented_labelled_ip4(self.pg0, rx, tx,
-                                                    [VppMplsLabel(32)])
+        self.verify_capture_fragmented_labelled_ip4(
+            self.pg0, rx, tx, [VppMplsLabel(32)]
+        )
 
         # packets with DF bit set generate ICMP
         for t in tx:
-            t[IP].flags = 'DF'
+            t[IP].flags = "DF"
         rxs = self.send_and_expect_some(self.pg0, tx, self.pg0)
 
         for rx in rxs:
             self.assertEqual(icmptypes[rx[ICMP].type], "dest-unreach")
-            self.assertEqual(icmpcodes[rx[ICMP].type][rx[ICMP].code],
-                             "fragmentation-needed")
+            self.assertEqual(
+                icmpcodes[rx[ICMP].type][rx[ICMP].code], "fragmentation-needed"
+            )
             # the link MTU is 9000, the MPLS over head is 4 bytes
             self.assertEqual(rx[ICMP].nexthopmtu, 9000 - 4)
 
-        self.assertEqual(self.statistics.get_err_counter(
-            "/err/mpls-frag/can't fragment this packet"),
-                         len(tx))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self.statistics.get_err_counter(
+                "/err/mpls-frag/can't fragment this packet"
+            ),
+            len(tx),
+        )
         #
         # a stream that matches the route for 1000::1/128
         # PG0 is in the default table
@@ -988,26 +1171,30 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         route_10_0_0_1.remove_vpp_config()
 
     def test_tunnel_pipe(self):
-        """ MPLS Tunnel Tests - Pipe """
+        """MPLS Tunnel Tests - Pipe"""
 
         #
         # Create a tunnel with two out labels
         #
         mpls_tun = VppMPLSTunnelInterface(
             self,
-            [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                          self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                          labels=[VppMplsLabel(44),
-                                  VppMplsLabel(46)])])
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                    self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+                    labels=[VppMplsLabel(44), VppMplsLabel(46)],
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         mpls_tun.add_vpp_config()
         mpls_tun.admin_up()
 
         #
         # add an unlabelled route through the new tunnel
         #
-        route_10_0_0_3 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.0.0.3", 32,
-                                    [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                                  mpls_tun._sw_if_index)])
+        route_10_0_0_3 = VppIpRoute(
+            self, "10.0.0.3", 32, [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", mpls_tun._sw_if_index)]
+        )
         route_10_0_0_3.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.vapi.cli("clear trace")
@@ -1018,17 +1205,19 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         self.pg_start()
 
         rx = self.pg0.get_capture()
-        self.verify_capture_tunneled_ip4(self.pg0, rx, tx,
-                                         [VppMplsLabel(44),
-                                          VppMplsLabel(46)])
+        self.verify_capture_tunneled_ip4(
+            self.pg0, rx, tx, [VppMplsLabel(44), VppMplsLabel(46)]
+        )
 
         #
         # add a labelled route through the new tunnel
         #
-        route_10_0_0_4 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.0.0.4", 32,
-                                    [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                                  mpls_tun._sw_if_index,
-                                                  labels=[33])])
+        route_10_0_0_4 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10.0.0.4",
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", mpls_tun._sw_if_index, labels=[33])],
+        )
         route_10_0_0_4.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.vapi.cli("clear trace")
@@ -1039,10 +1228,12 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         self.pg_start()
 
         rx = self.pg0.get_capture()
-        self.verify_capture_tunneled_ip4(self.pg0, rx, tx,
-                                         [VppMplsLabel(44),
-                                          VppMplsLabel(46),
-                                          VppMplsLabel(33, ttl=255)])
+        self.verify_capture_tunneled_ip4(
+            self.pg0,
+            rx,
+            tx,
+            [VppMplsLabel(44), VppMplsLabel(46), VppMplsLabel(33, ttl=255)],
+        )
 
         #
         # change tunnel's MTU to a low value
@@ -1050,34 +1241,34 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         mpls_tun.set_l3_mtu(1200)
 
         # send IP into the tunnel to be fragmented
-        tx = self.create_stream_ip4(self.pg0, "10.0.0.3",
-                                    payload_size=1500)
-        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg0, len(tx)*2)
+        tx = self.create_stream_ip4(self.pg0, "10.0.0.3", payload_size=1500)
+        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg0, len(tx) * 2)
 
         fake_tx = []
         for p in tx:
             fake_tx.append(p)
             fake_tx.append(p)
-        self.verify_capture_tunneled_ip4(self.pg0, rx, fake_tx,
-                                         [VppMplsLabel(44),
-                                          VppMplsLabel(46)])
+        self.verify_capture_tunneled_ip4(
+            self.pg0, rx, fake_tx, [VppMplsLabel(44), VppMplsLabel(46)]
+        )
 
         # send MPLS into the tunnel to be fragmented
-        tx = self.create_stream_ip4(self.pg0, "10.0.0.4",
-                                    payload_size=1500)
-        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg0, len(tx)*2)
+        tx = self.create_stream_ip4(self.pg0, "10.0.0.4", payload_size=1500)
+        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg0, len(tx) * 2)
 
         fake_tx = []
         for p in tx:
             fake_tx.append(p)
             fake_tx.append(p)
-        self.verify_capture_tunneled_ip4(self.pg0, rx, fake_tx,
-                                         [VppMplsLabel(44),
-                                          VppMplsLabel(46),
-                                          VppMplsLabel(33, ttl=255)])
+        self.verify_capture_tunneled_ip4(
+            self.pg0,
+            rx,
+            fake_tx,
+            [VppMplsLabel(44), VppMplsLabel(46), VppMplsLabel(33, ttl=255)],
+        )
 
     def test_tunnel_uniform(self):
-        """ MPLS Tunnel Tests - Uniform """
+        """MPLS Tunnel Tests - Uniform"""
 
         #
         # Create a tunnel with a single out label
@@ -1085,19 +1276,26 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         #
         mpls_tun = VppMPLSTunnelInterface(
             self,
-            [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                          self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                          labels=[VppMplsLabel(44, ttl=32),
-                                  VppMplsLabel(46, MplsLspMode.UNIFORM)])])
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                    self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+                    labels=[
+                        VppMplsLabel(44, ttl=32),
+                        VppMplsLabel(46, MplsLspMode.UNIFORM),
+                    ],
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         mpls_tun.add_vpp_config()
         mpls_tun.admin_up()
 
         #
         # add an unlabelled route through the new tunnel
         #
-        route_10_0_0_3 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.0.0.3", 32,
-                                    [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                                  mpls_tun._sw_if_index)])
+        route_10_0_0_3 = VppIpRoute(
+            self, "10.0.0.3", 32, [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", mpls_tun._sw_if_index)]
+        )
         route_10_0_0_3.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.vapi.cli("clear trace")
@@ -1108,18 +1306,23 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         self.pg_start()
 
         rx = self.pg0.get_capture()
-        self.verify_capture_tunneled_ip4(self.pg0, rx, tx,
-                                         [VppMplsLabel(44, ttl=32),
-                                          VppMplsLabel(46, ttl=23)])
+        self.verify_capture_tunneled_ip4(
+            self.pg0, rx, tx, [VppMplsLabel(44, ttl=32), VppMplsLabel(46, ttl=23)]
+        )
 
         #
         # add a labelled route through the new tunnel
         #
         route_10_0_0_4 = VppIpRoute(
-            self, "10.0.0.4", 32,
-            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                          mpls_tun._sw_if_index,
-                          labels=[VppMplsLabel(33, ttl=47)])])
+            self,
+            "10.0.0.4",
+            32,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "0.0.0.0", mpls_tun._sw_if_index, labels=[VppMplsLabel(33, ttl=47)]
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route_10_0_0_4.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.vapi.cli("clear trace")
@@ -1130,45 +1333,63 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         self.pg_start()
 
         rx = self.pg0.get_capture()
-        self.verify_capture_tunneled_ip4(self.pg0, rx, tx,
-                                         [VppMplsLabel(44, ttl=32),
-                                          VppMplsLabel(46, ttl=47),
-                                          VppMplsLabel(33, ttl=47)])
+        self.verify_capture_tunneled_ip4(
+            self.pg0,
+            rx,
+            tx,
+            [
+                VppMplsLabel(44, ttl=32),
+                VppMplsLabel(46, ttl=47),
+                VppMplsLabel(33, ttl=47),
+            ],
+        )
 
     def test_mpls_tunnel_many(self):
-        """ MPLS Multiple Tunnels """
+        """MPLS Multiple Tunnels"""
 
         for ii in range(100):
             mpls_tun = VppMPLSTunnelInterface(
                 self,
-                [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                              self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                              labels=[VppMplsLabel(44, ttl=32),
-                                      VppMplsLabel(46, MplsLspMode.UNIFORM)])])
+                [
+                    VppRoutePath(
+                        self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                        self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+                        labels=[
+                            VppMplsLabel(44, ttl=32),
+                            VppMplsLabel(46, MplsLspMode.UNIFORM),
+                        ],
+                    )
+                ],
+            )
             mpls_tun.add_vpp_config()
             mpls_tun.admin_up()
         for ii in range(100):
             mpls_tun = VppMPLSTunnelInterface(
                 self,
-                [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                              self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                              labels=[VppMplsLabel(44, ttl=32),
-                                      VppMplsLabel(46, MplsLspMode.UNIFORM)])],
-                is_l2=1)
+                [
+                    VppRoutePath(
+                        self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                        self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+                        labels=[
+                            VppMplsLabel(44, ttl=32),
+                            VppMplsLabel(46, MplsLspMode.UNIFORM),
+                        ],
+                    )
+                ],
+                is_l2=1,
+            )
             mpls_tun.add_vpp_config()
             mpls_tun.admin_up()
 
     def test_v4_exp_null(self):
-        """ MPLS V4 Explicit NULL test """
+        """MPLS V4 Explicit NULL test"""
 
         #
         # The first test case has an MPLS TTL of 0
         # all packet should be dropped
         #
-        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip4(self.pg0,
-                                             [VppMplsLabel(0, ttl=0)])
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, tx,
-                                        "MPLS TTL=0 packets forwarded")
+        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip4(self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(0, ttl=0)])
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, tx, "MPLS TTL=0 packets forwarded")
 
         #
         # a stream with a non-zero MPLS TTL
@@ -1188,7 +1409,7 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         self.verify_capture_ip4(self.pg1, rx, tx)
 
     def test_v6_exp_null(self):
-        """ MPLS V6 Explicit NULL test """
+        """MPLS V6 Explicit NULL test"""
 
         #
         # a stream with a non-zero MPLS TTL
@@ -1208,42 +1429,40 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         self.verify_capture_ip6(self.pg0, rx, tx)
 
     def test_deag(self):
-        """ MPLS Deagg """
+        """MPLS Deagg"""
 
         #
         # A de-agg route - next-hop lookup in default table
         #
-        route_34_eos = VppMplsRoute(self, 34, 1,
-                                    [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                                  0xffffffff,
-                                                  nh_table_id=0)])
+        route_34_eos = VppMplsRoute(
+            self, 34, 1, [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", 0xFFFFFFFF, nh_table_id=0)]
+        )
         route_34_eos.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # ping an interface in the default table
         # PG0 is in the default table
         #
-        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip4(self.pg0,
-                                             [VppMplsLabel(34)],
-                                             ping=1,
-                                             ip_itf=self.pg0)
+        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip4(
+            self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(34)], ping=1, ip_itf=self.pg0
+        )
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg0)
         self.verify_capture_ip4(self.pg0, rx, tx, ping_resp=1)
 
         #
         # A de-agg route - next-hop lookup in non-default table
         #
-        route_35_eos = VppMplsRoute(self, 35, 1,
-                                    [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                                  0xffffffff,
-                                                  nh_table_id=1)])
+        route_35_eos = VppMplsRoute(
+            self, 35, 1, [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", 0xFFFFFFFF, nh_table_id=1)]
+        )
         route_35_eos.add_vpp_config()
         route_356_eos = VppMplsRoute(
-            self, 356, 1,
-            [VppRoutePath("0::0",
-                          0xffffffff,
-                          nh_table_id=1)],
-            eos_proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6)
+            self,
+            356,
+            1,
+            [VppRoutePath("0::0", 0xFFFFFFFF, nh_table_id=1)],
+            eos_proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6,
+        )
         route_356_eos.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -1252,26 +1471,25 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         # default table and egress unlabelled in the non-default
         #
         tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip4(
-            self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(35)], ping=1, ip_itf=self.pg1)
+            self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(35)], ping=1, ip_itf=self.pg1
+        )
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg1)
         self.verify_capture_ip4(self.pg1, rx, tx, ping_resp=1)
         tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip6(
-            self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(356)], ping=1, ip_itf=self.pg1)
+            self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(356)], ping=1, ip_itf=self.pg1
+        )
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg1)
         self.verify_capture_ip6(self.pg1, rx, tx, ping_resp=1)
 
         #
         # Double pop
         #
-        route_36_neos = VppMplsRoute(self, 36, 0,
-                                     [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                                   0xffffffff)])
+        route_36_neos = VppMplsRoute(self, 36, 0, [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", 0xFFFFFFFF)])
         route_36_neos.add_vpp_config()
 
-        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip4(self.pg0,
-                                             [VppMplsLabel(36),
-                                              VppMplsLabel(35)],
-                                             ping=1, ip_itf=self.pg1)
+        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip4(
+            self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(36), VppMplsLabel(35)], ping=1, ip_itf=self.pg1
+        )
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg1)
         self.verify_capture_ip4(self.pg1, rx, tx, ping_resp=1)
 
@@ -1280,16 +1498,19 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         route_34_eos.remove_vpp_config()
 
     def test_interface_rx(self):
-        """ MPLS Interface Receive """
+        """MPLS Interface Receive"""
 
         #
         # Add a non-recursive route that will forward the traffic
         # post-interface-rx
         #
-        route_10_0_0_1 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.0.0.1", 32,
-                                    table_id=1,
-                                    paths=[VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                                        self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
+        route_10_0_0_1 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10.0.0.1",
+            32,
+            table_id=1,
+            paths=[VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4, self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         route_10_0_0_1.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -1301,33 +1522,43 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         # so as to have matched the route in table 1
         #
         route_34_eos = VppMplsRoute(
-            self, 34, 1,
-            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                          self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                          type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_INTERFACE_RX)])
+            self,
+            34,
+            1,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "0.0.0.0",
+                    self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+                    type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_INTERFACE_RX,
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route_34_eos.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # ping an interface in the default table
         # PG0 is in the default table
         #
-        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip4(self.pg0,
-                                             [VppMplsLabel(34)],
-                                             dst_ip="10.0.0.1")
+        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip4(
+            self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(34)], dst_ip="10.0.0.1"
+        )
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg1)
         self.verify_capture_ip4(self.pg1, rx, tx)
 
     def test_mcast_mid_point(self):
-        """ MPLS Multicast Mid Point """
+        """MPLS Multicast Mid Point"""
 
         #
         # Add a non-recursive route that will forward the traffic
         # post-interface-rx
         #
-        route_10_0_0_1 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.0.0.1", 32,
-                                    table_id=1,
-                                    paths=[VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                                        self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
+        route_10_0_0_1 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10.0.0.1",
+            32,
+            table_id=1,
+            paths=[VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4, self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         route_10_0_0_1.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -1335,17 +1566,28 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         # and replicate to a interface-rx (like a bud node would)
         #
         route_3400_eos = VppMplsRoute(
-            self, 3400, 1,
-            [VppRoutePath(self.pg2.remote_ip4,
-                          self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                          labels=[VppMplsLabel(3401)]),
-             VppRoutePath(self.pg3.remote_ip4,
-                          self.pg3.sw_if_index,
-                          labels=[VppMplsLabel(3402)]),
-             VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                          self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                          type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_INTERFACE_RX)],
-            is_multicast=1)
+            self,
+            3400,
+            1,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg2.remote_ip4,
+                    self.pg2.sw_if_index,
+                    labels=[VppMplsLabel(3401)],
+                ),
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg3.remote_ip4,
+                    self.pg3.sw_if_index,
+                    labels=[VppMplsLabel(3402)],
+                ),
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "0.0.0.0",
+                    self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+                    type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_INTERFACE_RX,
+                ),
+            ],
+            is_multicast=1,
+        )
         route_3400_eos.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -1353,10 +1595,9 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         # PG0 is in the default table
         #
         self.vapi.cli("clear trace")
-        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip4(self.pg0,
-                                             [VppMplsLabel(3400, ttl=64)],
-                                             n=257,
-                                             dst_ip="10.0.0.1")
+        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip4(
+            self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(3400, ttl=64)], n=257, dst_ip="10.0.0.1"
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(tx)
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -1366,14 +1607,12 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         self.verify_capture_ip4(self.pg1, rx, tx)
 
         rx = self.pg2.get_capture(257)
-        self.verify_capture_labelled(self.pg2, rx, tx,
-                                     [VppMplsLabel(3401, ttl=63)])
+        self.verify_capture_labelled(self.pg2, rx, tx, [VppMplsLabel(3401, ttl=63)])
         rx = self.pg3.get_capture(257)
-        self.verify_capture_labelled(self.pg3, rx, tx,
-                                     [VppMplsLabel(3402, ttl=63)])
+        self.verify_capture_labelled(self.pg3, rx, tx, [VppMplsLabel(3402, ttl=63)])
 
     def test_mcast_head(self):
-        """ MPLS Multicast Head-end """
+        """MPLS Multicast Head-end"""
 
         MRouteItfFlags = VppEnum.vl_api_mfib_itf_flags_t
         MRouteEntryFlags = VppEnum.vl_api_mfib_entry_flags_t
@@ -1383,22 +1622,25 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         #
         mpls_tun = VppMPLSTunnelInterface(
             self,
-            [VppRoutePath(self.pg2.remote_ip4,
-                          self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                          labels=[VppMplsLabel(42)]),
-             VppRoutePath(self.pg3.remote_ip4,
-                          self.pg3.sw_if_index,
-                          labels=[VppMplsLabel(43)])],
-            is_multicast=1)
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg2.remote_ip4, self.pg2.sw_if_index, labels=[VppMplsLabel(42)]
+                ),
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg3.remote_ip4, self.pg3.sw_if_index, labels=[VppMplsLabel(43)]
+                ),
+            ],
+            is_multicast=1,
+        )
         mpls_tun.add_vpp_config()
         mpls_tun.admin_up()
 
         #
         # add an unlabelled route through the new tunnel
         #
-        route_10_0_0_3 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.0.0.3", 32,
-                                    [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                                  mpls_tun._sw_if_index)])
+        route_10_0_0_3 = VppIpRoute(
+            self, "10.0.0.3", 32, [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", mpls_tun._sw_if_index)]
+        )
         route_10_0_0_3.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.vapi.cli("clear trace")
@@ -1421,12 +1663,18 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         route_232_1_1_1 = VppIpMRoute(
             self,
             "0.0.0.0",
-            "232.1.1.1", 32,
+            "232.1.1.1",
+            32,
             MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE,
-            [VppMRoutePath(self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT),
-             VppMRoutePath(mpls_tun._sw_if_index,
-                           MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD)])
+            [
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_ACCEPT
+                ),
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    mpls_tun._sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD
+                ),
+            ],
+        )
         route_232_1_1_1.add_vpp_config()
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh ip mfib index 0"))
 
@@ -1443,7 +1691,7 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         self.verify_capture_tunneled_ip4(self.pg0, rx, tx, [VppMplsLabel(43)])
 
     def test_mcast_ip4_tail(self):
-        """ MPLS IPv4 Multicast Tail """
+        """MPLS IPv4 Multicast Tail"""
 
         MRouteItfFlags = VppEnum.vl_api_mfib_itf_flags_t
         MRouteEntryFlags = VppEnum.vl_api_mfib_entry_flags_t
@@ -1455,11 +1703,16 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         route_232_1_1_1 = VppIpMRoute(
             self,
             "0.0.0.0",
-            "232.1.1.1", 32,
+            "232.1.1.1",
+            32,
             MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE,
             table_id=1,
-            paths=[VppMRoutePath(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                 MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD)])
+            paths=[
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg1.sw_if_index, MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route_232_1_1_1.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -1471,13 +1724,13 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         # table 1
         #
         route_34_eos = VppMplsRoute(
-            self, 34, 1,
-            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                          0xffffffff,
-                          nh_table_id=1,
-                          rpf_id=55)],
+            self,
+            34,
+            1,
+            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", 0xFFFFFFFF, nh_table_id=1, rpf_id=55)],
             is_multicast=1,
-            eos_proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP4)
+            eos_proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP4,
+        )
 
         route_34_eos.add_vpp_config()
 
@@ -1485,8 +1738,9 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         # Drop due to interface lookup miss
         #
         self.vapi.cli("clear trace")
-        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip4(self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(34)],
-                                             dst_ip="232.1.1.1", n=1)
+        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip4(
+            self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(34)], dst_ip="232.1.1.1", n=1
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, tx, "RPF-ID drop none")
 
         #
@@ -1495,29 +1749,31 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         route_232_1_1_1.update_rpf_id(55)
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh ip mfib index 1 232.1.1.1"))
 
-        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip4(self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(34)],
-                                             dst_ip="232.1.1.1")
+        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip4(
+            self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(34)], dst_ip="232.1.1.1"
+        )
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg1)
         self.verify_capture_ip4(self.pg1, rx, tx)
 
         #
         # disposed packets have an invalid IPv4 checksum
         #
-        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip4(self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(34)],
-                                             dst_ip="232.1.1.1", n=65,
-                                             chksum=1)
+        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip4(
+            self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(34)], dst_ip="232.1.1.1", n=65, chksum=1
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, tx, "Invalid Checksum")
 
         #
         # set the RPF-ID of the entry to not match the input packet's
         #
         route_232_1_1_1.update_rpf_id(56)
-        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip4(self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(34)],
-                                             dst_ip="232.1.1.1")
+        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip4(
+            self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(34)], dst_ip="232.1.1.1"
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, tx, "RPF-ID drop 56")
 
     def test_mcast_ip6_tail(self):
-        """ MPLS IPv6 Multicast Tail """
+        """MPLS IPv6 Multicast Tail"""
 
         MRouteItfFlags = VppEnum.vl_api_mfib_itf_flags_t
         MRouteEntryFlags = VppEnum.vl_api_mfib_entry_flags_t
@@ -1529,12 +1785,18 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         route_ff = VppIpMRoute(
             self,
             "::",
-            "ff01::1", 32,
+            "ff01::1",
+            32,
             MRouteEntryFlags.MFIB_API_ENTRY_FLAG_NONE,
             table_id=1,
-            paths=[VppMRoutePath(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                 MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
-                                 proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6)])
+            paths=[
+                VppMRoutePath(
+                    self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+                    MRouteItfFlags.MFIB_API_ITF_FLAG_FORWARD,
+                    proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6,
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route_ff.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -1546,21 +1808,22 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         # table 1
         #
         route_34_eos = VppMplsRoute(
-            self, 34, 1,
-            [VppRoutePath("::",
-                          0xffffffff,
-                          nh_table_id=1,
-                          rpf_id=55)],
+            self,
+            34,
+            1,
+            [VppRoutePath("::", 0xFFFFFFFF, nh_table_id=1, rpf_id=55)],
             is_multicast=1,
-            eos_proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6)
+            eos_proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6,
+        )
 
         route_34_eos.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # Drop due to interface lookup miss
         #
-        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip6(self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(34)],
-                                             dst_ip="ff01::1")
+        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip6(
+            self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(34)], dst_ip="ff01::1"
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, tx, "RPF Miss")
 
         #
@@ -1568,18 +1831,18 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         #
         route_ff.update_rpf_id(55)
 
-        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip6(self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(34)],
-                                             dst_ip="ff01::1")
+        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip6(
+            self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(34)], dst_ip="ff01::1"
+        )
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg1)
         self.verify_capture_ip6(self.pg1, rx, tx)
 
         #
         # disposed packets have hop-limit = 1
         #
-        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip6(self.pg0,
-                                             [VppMplsLabel(34)],
-                                             dst_ip="ff01::1",
-                                             hlim=1)
+        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip6(
+            self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(34)], dst_ip="ff01::1", hlim=1
+        )
         rx = self.send_and_expect_some(self.pg0, tx, self.pg0)
         self.verify_capture_ip6_icmp(self.pg0, rx, tx)
 
@@ -1587,21 +1850,27 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         # set the RPF-ID of the entry to not match the input packet's
         #
         route_ff.update_rpf_id(56)
-        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip6(self.pg0,
-                                             [VppMplsLabel(34)],
-                                             dst_ip="ff01::1")
+        tx = self.create_stream_labelled_ip6(
+            self.pg0, [VppMplsLabel(34)], dst_ip="ff01::1"
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, tx, "RPF-ID drop 56")
 
     def test_6pe(self):
-        """ MPLS 6PE """
+        """MPLS 6PE"""
 
         #
         # Add a non-recursive route with a single out label
         #
-        route_10_0_0_1 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.0.0.1", 32,
-                                    [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                                  self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                                  labels=[VppMplsLabel(45)])])
+        route_10_0_0_1 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10.0.0.1",
+            32,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.pg0.sw_if_index, labels=[VppMplsLabel(45)]
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route_10_0_0_1.add_vpp_config()
 
         # bind a local label to the route
@@ -1612,55 +1881,57 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
         # a labelled v6 route that resolves through the v4
         #
         route_2001_3 = VppIpRoute(
-            self, "2001::3", 128,
-            [VppRoutePath("10.0.0.1",
-                          INVALID_INDEX,
-                          labels=[VppMplsLabel(32)])])
+            self,
+            "2001::3",
+            128,
+            [VppRoutePath("10.0.0.1", INVALID_INDEX, labels=[VppMplsLabel(32)])],
+        )
         route_2001_3.add_vpp_config()
 
         tx = self.create_stream_ip6(self.pg0, "2001::3")
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg0)
 
-        self.verify_capture_labelled_ip6(self.pg0, rx, tx,
-                                         [VppMplsLabel(45),
-                                          VppMplsLabel(32)])
+        self.verify_capture_labelled_ip6(
+            self.pg0, rx, tx, [VppMplsLabel(45), VppMplsLabel(32)]
+        )
 
         #
         # and a v4 recursive via the v6
         #
         route_20_3 = VppIpRoute(
-            self, "20.0.0.3", 32,
-            [VppRoutePath("2001::3",
-                          INVALID_INDEX,
-                          labels=[VppMplsLabel(99)])])
+            self,
+            "20.0.0.3",
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath("2001::3", INVALID_INDEX, labels=[VppMplsLabel(99)])],
+        )
         route_20_3.add_vpp_config()
 
         tx = self.create_stream_ip4(self.pg0, "20.0.0.3")
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx, self.pg0)
 
-        self.verify_capture_labelled_ip4(self.pg0, rx, tx,
-                                         [VppMplsLabel(45),
-                                          VppMplsLabel(32),
-                                          VppMplsLabel(99)])
+        self.verify_capture_labelled_ip4(
+            self.pg0, rx, tx, [VppMplsLabel(45), VppMplsLabel(32), VppMplsLabel(99)]
+        )
 
     def test_attached(self):
-        """ Attach Routes with Local Label """
+        """Attach Routes with Local Label"""
 
         #
         # test that if a local label is associated with an attached/connected
         # prefix, that we can reach hosts in the prefix.
         #
-        binding = VppMplsIpBind(self, 44,
-                                self.pg0._local_ip4_subnet,
-                                self.pg0.local_ip4_prefix_len)
+        binding = VppMplsIpBind(
+            self, 44, self.pg0._local_ip4_subnet, self.pg0.local_ip4_prefix_len
+        )
         binding.add_vpp_config()
 
-        tx = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                    dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-              MPLS(label=44, ttl=64) /
-              IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4) /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        tx = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / MPLS(label=44, ttl=64)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [tx], self.pg0)
         for rx in rxs:
             # if there's an ARP then the label is linked to the glean
@@ -1672,7 +1943,7 @@ class TestMPLS(VppTestCase):
 
 
 class TestMPLSDisabled(VppTestCase):
-    """ MPLS disabled """
+    """MPLS disabled"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -1709,26 +1980,29 @@ class TestMPLSDisabled(VppTestCase):
         super(TestMPLSDisabled, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_mpls_disabled(self):
-        """ MPLS Disabled """
+        """MPLS Disabled"""
 
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show mpls interface"))
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show mpls interface pg1"))
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show mpls interface pg0"))
 
-        tx = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                    dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-              MPLS(label=32, ttl=64) /
-              IPv6(src="2001::1", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6) /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        tx = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / MPLS(label=32, ttl=64)
+            / IPv6(src="2001::1", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         #
         # A simple MPLS xconnect - eos label in label out
         #
-        route_32_eos = VppMplsRoute(self, 32, 1,
-                                    [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                                  self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                                  labels=[33])])
+        route_32_eos = VppMplsRoute(
+            self,
+            32,
+            1,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.pg0.sw_if_index, labels=[33])],
+        )
         route_32_eos.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -1766,7 +2040,7 @@ class TestMPLSDisabled(VppTestCase):
 
 
 class TestMPLSPIC(VppTestCase):
-    """ MPLS Prefix-Independent Convergence (PIC) edge convergence """
+    """MPLS Prefix-Independent Convergence (PIC) edge convergence"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -1829,7 +2103,7 @@ class TestMPLSPIC(VppTestCase):
         super(TestMPLSPIC, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_mpls_ibgp_pic(self):
-        """ MPLS iBGP Prefix-Independent Convergence (PIC) edge convergence
+        """MPLS iBGP Prefix-Independent Convergence (PIC) edge convergence
 
         1) setup many iBGP VPN routes via a pair of iBGP peers.
         2) Check EMCP forwarding to these peers
@@ -1840,16 +2114,20 @@ class TestMPLSPIC(VppTestCase):
         #
         # IGP+LDP core routes
         #
-        core_10_0_0_45 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.0.0.45", 32,
-                                    [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                                  self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                                  labels=[45])])
+        core_10_0_0_45 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10.0.0.45",
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.pg0.sw_if_index, labels=[45])],
+        )
         core_10_0_0_45.add_vpp_config()
 
-        core_10_0_0_46 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.0.0.46", 32,
-                                    [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                                  self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                                  labels=[46])])
+        core_10_0_0_46 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10.0.0.46",
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4, self.pg1.sw_if_index, labels=[46])],
+        )
         core_10_0_0_46.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -1860,26 +2138,36 @@ class TestMPLSPIC(VppTestCase):
         pkts = []
         for ii in range(NUM_PKTS):
             dst = "192.168.1.%d" % ii
-            vpn_routes.append(VppIpRoute(
-                self, dst, 32,
-                [VppRoutePath(
-                    "10.0.0.45",
-                    0xffffffff,
-                    labels=[145],
-                    flags=FibPathFlags.FIB_PATH_FLAG_RESOLVE_VIA_HOST),
-                 VppRoutePath(
-                     "10.0.0.46",
-                     0xffffffff,
-                     labels=[146],
-                     flags=FibPathFlags.FIB_PATH_FLAG_RESOLVE_VIA_HOST)],
-                table_id=1))
+            vpn_routes.append(
+                VppIpRoute(
+                    self,
+                    dst,
+                    32,
+                    [
+                        VppRoutePath(
+                            "10.0.0.45",
+                            0xFFFFFFFF,
+                            labels=[145],
+                            flags=FibPathFlags.FIB_PATH_FLAG_RESOLVE_VIA_HOST,
+                        ),
+                        VppRoutePath(
+                            "10.0.0.46",
+                            0xFFFFFFFF,
+                            labels=[146],
+                            flags=FibPathFlags.FIB_PATH_FLAG_RESOLVE_VIA_HOST,
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                    table_id=1,
+                )
+            )
             vpn_routes[ii].add_vpp_config()
 
-            pkts.append(Ether(dst=self.pg2.local_mac,
-                              src=self.pg2.remote_mac) /
-                        IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst=dst) /
-                        UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                        Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+            pkts.append(
+                Ether(dst=self.pg2.local_mac, src=self.pg2.remote_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst=dst)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
 
         #
         # Send the packet stream (one pkt to each VPN route)
@@ -1896,9 +2184,12 @@ class TestMPLSPIC(VppTestCase):
         # with the split ratio, just as long as neither is 0
         self.assertNotEqual(0, len(rx0))
         self.assertNotEqual(0, len(rx1))
-        self.assertEqual(len(pkts), len(rx0) + len(rx1),
-                         "Expected all (%s) packets across both ECMP paths. "
-                         "rx0: %s rx1: %s." % (len(pkts), len(rx0), len(rx1)))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            len(pkts),
+            len(rx0) + len(rx1),
+            "Expected all (%s) packets across both ECMP paths. "
+            "rx0: %s rx1: %s." % (len(pkts), len(rx0), len(rx1)),
+        )
 
         #
         # use a test CLI command to stop the FIB walk process, this
@@ -1921,9 +2212,12 @@ class TestMPLSPIC(VppTestCase):
         self.pg_start()
 
         rx0 = self.pg0.get_capture(NUM_PKTS)
-        self.assertEqual(len(pkts), len(rx0),
-                         "Expected all (%s) packets across single path. "
-                         "rx0: %s." % (len(pkts), len(rx0)))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            len(pkts),
+            len(rx0),
+            "Expected all (%s) packets across single path. "
+            "rx0: %s." % (len(pkts), len(rx0)),
+        )
 
         #
         # enable the FIB walk process to converge the FIB
@@ -1938,9 +2232,12 @@ class TestMPLSPIC(VppTestCase):
         self.pg_start()
 
         rx0 = self.pg0.get_capture(NUM_PKTS)
-        self.assertEqual(len(pkts), len(rx0),
-                         "Expected all (%s) packets across single path. "
-                         "rx0: %s." % (len(pkts), len(rx0)))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            len(pkts),
+            len(rx0),
+            "Expected all (%s) packets across single path. "
+            "rx0: %s." % (len(pkts), len(rx0)),
+        )
 
         #
         # Add the IGP route back and we return to load-balancing
@@ -1955,12 +2252,15 @@ class TestMPLSPIC(VppTestCase):
         rx1 = self.pg1._get_capture(NUM_PKTS)
         self.assertNotEqual(0, len(rx0))
         self.assertNotEqual(0, len(rx1))
-        self.assertEqual(len(pkts), len(rx0) + len(rx1),
-                         "Expected all (%s) packets across both ECMP paths. "
-                         "rx0: %s rx1: %s." % (len(pkts), len(rx0), len(rx1)))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            len(pkts),
+            len(rx0) + len(rx1),
+            "Expected all (%s) packets across both ECMP paths. "
+            "rx0: %s rx1: %s." % (len(pkts), len(rx0), len(rx1)),
+        )
 
     def test_mpls_ebgp_pic(self):
-        """ MPLS eBGP Prefix-Independent Convergence (PIC) edge convergence
+        """MPLS eBGP Prefix-Independent Convergence (PIC) edge convergence
 
         1) setup many eBGP VPN routes via a pair of eBGP peers.
         2) Check EMCP forwarding to these peers
@@ -1977,31 +2277,42 @@ class TestMPLSPIC(VppTestCase):
         for ii in range(NUM_PKTS):
             dst = "192.168.1.%d" % ii
             local_label = 1600 + ii
-            vpn_routes.append(VppIpRoute(
-                self, dst, 32,
-                [VppRoutePath(
-                    self.pg2.remote_ip4,
-                    0xffffffff,
-                    nh_table_id=1,
-                    flags=FibPathFlags.FIB_PATH_FLAG_RESOLVE_VIA_ATTACHED),
-                 VppRoutePath(
-                     self.pg3.remote_ip4,
-                     0xffffffff,
-                     nh_table_id=1,
-                     flags=FibPathFlags.FIB_PATH_FLAG_RESOLVE_VIA_ATTACHED)],
-                table_id=1))
+            vpn_routes.append(
+                VppIpRoute(
+                    self,
+                    dst,
+                    32,
+                    [
+                        VppRoutePath(
+                            self.pg2.remote_ip4,
+                            0xFFFFFFFF,
+                            nh_table_id=1,
+                            flags=FibPathFlags.FIB_PATH_FLAG_RESOLVE_VIA_ATTACHED,
+                        ),
+                        VppRoutePath(
+                            self.pg3.remote_ip4,
+                            0xFFFFFFFF,
+                            nh_table_id=1,
+                            flags=FibPathFlags.FIB_PATH_FLAG_RESOLVE_VIA_ATTACHED,
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                    table_id=1,
+                )
+            )
             vpn_routes[ii].add_vpp_config()
 
-            vpn_bindings.append(VppMplsIpBind(self, local_label, dst, 32,
-                                              ip_table_id=1))
+            vpn_bindings.append(
+                VppMplsIpBind(self, local_label, dst, 32, ip_table_id=1)
+            )
             vpn_bindings[ii].add_vpp_config()
 
-            pkts.append(Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                              src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                        MPLS(label=local_label, ttl=64) /
-                        IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=dst) /
-                        UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                        Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+            pkts.append(
+                Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+                / MPLS(label=local_label, ttl=64)
+                / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=dst)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
 
         #
         # Send the packet stream (one pkt to each VPN route)
@@ -2018,9 +2329,12 @@ class TestMPLSPIC(VppTestCase):
         # with the split ratio, just as long as neither is 0
         self.assertNotEqual(0, len(rx0))
         self.assertNotEqual(0, len(rx1))
-        self.assertEqual(len(pkts), len(rx0) + len(rx1),
-                         "Expected all (%s) packets across both ECMP paths. "
-                         "rx0: %s rx1: %s." % (len(pkts), len(rx0), len(rx1)))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            len(pkts),
+            len(rx0) + len(rx1),
+            "Expected all (%s) packets across both ECMP paths. "
+            "rx0: %s rx1: %s." % (len(pkts), len(rx0), len(rx1)),
+        )
 
         #
         # use a test CLI command to stop the FIB walk process, this
@@ -2042,9 +2356,12 @@ class TestMPLSPIC(VppTestCase):
         self.pg_start()
 
         rx0 = self.pg3.get_capture(NUM_PKTS)
-        self.assertEqual(len(pkts), len(rx0),
-                         "Expected all (%s) packets across single path. "
-                         "rx0: %s." % (len(pkts), len(rx0)))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            len(pkts),
+            len(rx0),
+            "Expected all (%s) packets across single path. "
+            "rx0: %s." % (len(pkts), len(rx0)),
+        )
 
         #
         # enable the FIB walk process to converge the FIB
@@ -2059,9 +2376,12 @@ class TestMPLSPIC(VppTestCase):
         self.pg_start()
 
         rx0 = self.pg3.get_capture(NUM_PKTS)
-        self.assertEqual(len(pkts), len(rx0),
-                         "Expected all (%s) packets across single path. "
-                         "rx0: %s." % (len(pkts), len(rx0)))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            len(pkts),
+            len(rx0),
+            "Expected all (%s) packets across single path. "
+            "rx0: %s." % (len(pkts), len(rx0)),
+        )
 
         #
         # put the connected routes back
@@ -2077,12 +2397,15 @@ class TestMPLSPIC(VppTestCase):
         rx1 = self.pg3._get_capture(NUM_PKTS)
         self.assertNotEqual(0, len(rx0))
         self.assertNotEqual(0, len(rx1))
-        self.assertEqual(len(pkts), len(rx0) + len(rx1),
-                         "Expected all (%s) packets across both ECMP paths. "
-                         "rx0: %s rx1: %s." % (len(pkts), len(rx0), len(rx1)))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            len(pkts),
+            len(rx0) + len(rx1),
+            "Expected all (%s) packets across both ECMP paths. "
+            "rx0: %s rx1: %s." % (len(pkts), len(rx0), len(rx1)),
+        )
 
     def test_mpls_v6_ebgp_pic(self):
-        """ MPLSv6 eBGP Prefix-Independent Convergence (PIC) edge convergence
+        """MPLSv6 eBGP Prefix-Independent Convergence (PIC) edge convergence
 
         1) setup many eBGP VPNv6 routes via a pair of eBGP peers
         2) Check EMCP forwarding to these peers
@@ -2099,31 +2422,42 @@ class TestMPLSPIC(VppTestCase):
         for ii in range(NUM_PKTS):
             dst = "3000::%d" % ii
             local_label = 1600 + ii
-            vpn_routes.append(VppIpRoute(
-                self, dst, 128,
-                [VppRoutePath(
-                    self.pg2.remote_ip6,
-                    0xffffffff,
-                    nh_table_id=1,
-                    flags=FibPathFlags.FIB_PATH_FLAG_RESOLVE_VIA_ATTACHED),
-                 VppRoutePath(
-                     self.pg3.remote_ip6,
-                     0xffffffff,
-                     nh_table_id=1,
-                     flags=FibPathFlags.FIB_PATH_FLAG_RESOLVE_VIA_ATTACHED)],
-                table_id=1))
+            vpn_routes.append(
+                VppIpRoute(
+                    self,
+                    dst,
+                    128,
+                    [
+                        VppRoutePath(
+                            self.pg2.remote_ip6,
+                            0xFFFFFFFF,
+                            nh_table_id=1,
+                            flags=FibPathFlags.FIB_PATH_FLAG_RESOLVE_VIA_ATTACHED,
+                        ),
+                        VppRoutePath(
+                            self.pg3.remote_ip6,
+                            0xFFFFFFFF,
+                            nh_table_id=1,
+                            flags=FibPathFlags.FIB_PATH_FLAG_RESOLVE_VIA_ATTACHED,
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                    table_id=1,
+                )
+            )
             vpn_routes[ii].add_vpp_config()
 
-            vpn_bindings.append(VppMplsIpBind(self, local_label, dst, 128,
-                                              ip_table_id=1))
+            vpn_bindings.append(
+                VppMplsIpBind(self, local_label, dst, 128, ip_table_id=1)
+            )
             vpn_bindings[ii].add_vpp_config()
 
-            pkts.append(Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                              src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                        MPLS(label=local_label, ttl=64) /
-                        IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=dst) /
-                        UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                        Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+            pkts.append(
+                Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+                / MPLS(label=local_label, ttl=64)
+                / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=dst)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
             self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh ip6 fib %s" % dst))
 
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
@@ -2134,9 +2468,12 @@ class TestMPLSPIC(VppTestCase):
         rx1 = self.pg3._get_capture(NUM_PKTS)
         self.assertNotEqual(0, len(rx0))
         self.assertNotEqual(0, len(rx1))
-        self.assertEqual(len(pkts), len(rx0) + len(rx1),
-                         "Expected all (%s) packets across both ECMP paths. "
-                         "rx0: %s rx1: %s." % (len(pkts), len(rx0), len(rx1)))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            len(pkts),
+            len(rx0) + len(rx1),
+            "Expected all (%s) packets across both ECMP paths. "
+            "rx0: %s rx1: %s." % (len(pkts), len(rx0), len(rx1)),
+        )
 
         #
         # use a test CLI command to stop the FIB walk process, this
@@ -2160,9 +2497,12 @@ class TestMPLSPIC(VppTestCase):
         self.pg_start()
 
         rx0 = self.pg3.get_capture(NUM_PKTS)
-        self.assertEqual(len(pkts), len(rx0),
-                         "Expected all (%s) packets across single path. "
-                         "rx0: %s." % (len(pkts), len(rx0)))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            len(pkts),
+            len(rx0),
+            "Expected all (%s) packets across single path. "
+            "rx0: %s." % (len(pkts), len(rx0)),
+        )
 
         #
         # enable the FIB walk process to converge the FIB
@@ -2173,9 +2513,12 @@ class TestMPLSPIC(VppTestCase):
         self.pg_start()
 
         rx0 = self.pg3.get_capture(NUM_PKTS)
-        self.assertEqual(len(pkts), len(rx0),
-                         "Expected all (%s) packets across single path. "
-                         "rx0: %s." % (len(pkts), len(rx0)))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            len(pkts),
+            len(rx0),
+            "Expected all (%s) packets across single path. "
+            "rx0: %s." % (len(pkts), len(rx0)),
+        )
 
         #
         # put the connected routes back
@@ -2193,13 +2536,16 @@ class TestMPLSPIC(VppTestCase):
         rx1 = self.pg3._get_capture(NUM_PKTS)
         self.assertNotEqual(0, len(rx0))
         self.assertNotEqual(0, len(rx1))
-        self.assertEqual(len(pkts), len(rx0) + len(rx1),
-                         "Expected all (%s) packets across both ECMP paths. "
-                         "rx0: %s rx1: %s." % (len(pkts), len(rx0), len(rx1)))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            len(pkts),
+            len(rx0) + len(rx1),
+            "Expected all (%s) packets across both ECMP paths. "
+            "rx0: %s rx1: %s." % (len(pkts), len(rx0), len(rx1)),
+        )
 
 
 class TestMPLSL2(VppTestCase):
-    """ MPLS-L2 """
+    """MPLS-L2"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -2274,7 +2620,7 @@ class TestMPLSL2(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(arp.pdst, dip)
 
     def test_vpws(self):
-        """ Virtual Private Wire Service """
+        """Virtual Private Wire Service"""
 
         #
         # Create an MPLS tunnel that pushes 1 label
@@ -2283,10 +2629,15 @@ class TestMPLSL2(VppTestCase):
         #
         mpls_tun_1 = VppMPLSTunnelInterface(
             self,
-            [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                          self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                          labels=[VppMplsLabel(42, MplsLspMode.UNIFORM)])],
-            is_l2=1)
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                    self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+                    labels=[VppMplsLabel(42, MplsLspMode.UNIFORM)],
+                )
+            ],
+            is_l2=1,
+        )
         mpls_tun_1.add_vpp_config()
         mpls_tun_1.admin_up()
 
@@ -2294,35 +2645,42 @@ class TestMPLSL2(VppTestCase):
         # Create a label entry to for 55 that does L2 input to the tunnel
         #
         route_55_eos = VppMplsRoute(
-            self, 55, 1,
-            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                          mpls_tun_1.sw_if_index,
-                          type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_INTERFACE_RX,
-                          proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_ETHERNET)],
-            eos_proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_ETHERNET)
+            self,
+            55,
+            1,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "0.0.0.0",
+                    mpls_tun_1.sw_if_index,
+                    type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_INTERFACE_RX,
+                    proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_ETHERNET,
+                )
+            ],
+            eos_proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_ETHERNET,
+        )
         route_55_eos.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # Cross-connect the tunnel with one of the customers L2 interfaces
         #
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_xconnect(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                               mpls_tun_1.sw_if_index,
-                                               enable=1)
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_xconnect(mpls_tun_1.sw_if_index,
-                                               self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                               enable=1)
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_xconnect(
+            self.pg1.sw_if_index, mpls_tun_1.sw_if_index, enable=1
+        )
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_xconnect(
+            mpls_tun_1.sw_if_index, self.pg1.sw_if_index, enable=1
+        )
 
         #
         # inject a packet from the core
         #
-        pcore = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                       src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                 MPLS(label=55, ttl=64) /
-                 Ether(dst="00:00:de:ad:ba:be",
-                       src="00:00:de:ad:be:ef") /
-                 IP(src="10.10.10.10", dst="11.11.11.11") /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        pcore = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / MPLS(label=55, ttl=64)
+            / Ether(dst="00:00:de:ad:ba:be", src="00:00:de:ad:be:ef")
+            / IP(src="10.10.10.10", dst="11.11.11.11")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         tx0 = pcore * NUM_PKTS
         rx0 = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, tx0, self.pg1)
@@ -2339,10 +2697,9 @@ class TestMPLSL2(VppTestCase):
         tx1 = pcore[MPLS].payload
         rx1 = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, [tx1], self.pg0)
 
-        self.verify_arp_req(rx1[0],
-                            self.pg0.local_mac,
-                            self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                            self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        self.verify_arp_req(
+            rx1[0], self.pg0.local_mac, self.pg0.local_ip4, self.pg0.remote_ip4
+        )
 
         #
         # resolve the ARP entries and send again
@@ -2354,7 +2711,7 @@ class TestMPLSL2(VppTestCase):
         self.verify_capture_tunneled_ethernet(rx1, tx1, [VppMplsLabel(42)])
 
     def test_vpls(self):
-        """ Virtual Private LAN Service """
+        """Virtual Private LAN Service"""
 
         # we skipped this in the setup
         self.pg0.resolve_arp()
@@ -2364,19 +2721,25 @@ class TestMPLSL2(VppTestCase):
         #
         mpls_tun1 = VppMPLSTunnelInterface(
             self,
-            [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                          self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                          labels=[VppMplsLabel(42)])],
-            is_l2=1)
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.pg0.sw_if_index, labels=[VppMplsLabel(42)]
+                )
+            ],
+            is_l2=1,
+        )
         mpls_tun1.add_vpp_config()
         mpls_tun1.admin_up()
 
         mpls_tun2 = VppMPLSTunnelInterface(
             self,
-            [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                          self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                          labels=[VppMplsLabel(43)])],
-            is_l2=1)
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.pg0.sw_if_index, labels=[VppMplsLabel(43)]
+                )
+            ],
+            is_l2=1,
+        )
         mpls_tun2.add_vpp_config()
         mpls_tun2.admin_up()
 
@@ -2385,21 +2748,35 @@ class TestMPLSL2(VppTestCase):
         # the latter includes a Psuedo Wire Control Word
         #
         route_55_eos = VppMplsRoute(
-            self, 55, 1,
-            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                          mpls_tun1.sw_if_index,
-                          type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_INTERFACE_RX,
-                          proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_ETHERNET)],
-            eos_proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_ETHERNET)
+            self,
+            55,
+            1,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "0.0.0.0",
+                    mpls_tun1.sw_if_index,
+                    type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_INTERFACE_RX,
+                    proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_ETHERNET,
+                )
+            ],
+            eos_proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_ETHERNET,
+        )
 
         route_56_eos = VppMplsRoute(
-            self, 56, 1,
-            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                          mpls_tun2.sw_if_index,
-                          type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_INTERFACE_RX,
-                          flags=FibPathFlags.FIB_PATH_FLAG_POP_PW_CW,
-                          proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_ETHERNET)],
-            eos_proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_ETHERNET)
+            self,
+            56,
+            1,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "0.0.0.0",
+                    mpls_tun2.sw_if_index,
+                    type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_INTERFACE_RX,
+                    flags=FibPathFlags.FIB_PATH_FLAG_POP_PW_CW,
+                    proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_ETHERNET,
+                )
+            ],
+            eos_proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_ETHERNET,
+        )
 
         # move me
         route_56_eos.add_vpp_config()
@@ -2411,43 +2788,48 @@ class TestMPLSL2(VppTestCase):
         # add to tunnel to the customers bridge-domain
         #
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=mpls_tun1.sw_if_index, bd_id=1)
+            rx_sw_if_index=mpls_tun1.sw_if_index, bd_id=1
+        )
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=mpls_tun2.sw_if_index, bd_id=1)
+            rx_sw_if_index=mpls_tun2.sw_if_index, bd_id=1
+        )
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, bd_id=1)
+            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, bd_id=1
+        )
 
         #
         # Packet from host on the customer interface to each host
         # reachable over the core, and vice-versa
         #
-        p_cust1 = (Ether(dst="00:00:de:ad:ba:b1",
-                         src="00:00:de:ad:be:ef") /
-                   IP(src="10.10.10.10", dst="11.11.11.11") /
-                   UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                   Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-        p_cust2 = (Ether(dst="00:00:de:ad:ba:b2",
-                         src="00:00:de:ad:be:ef") /
-                   IP(src="10.10.10.10", dst="11.11.11.12") /
-                   UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                   Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-        p_core1 = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                         src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                   MPLS(label=55, ttl=64) /
-                   Ether(src="00:00:de:ad:ba:b1",
-                         dst="00:00:de:ad:be:ef") /
-                   IP(dst="10.10.10.10", src="11.11.11.11") /
-                   UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                   Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-        p_core2 = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                         src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                   MPLS(label=56, ttl=64) /
-                   Raw(b'\x01' * 4) /  # PW CW
-                   Ether(src="00:00:de:ad:ba:b2",
-                         dst="00:00:de:ad:be:ef") /
-                   IP(dst="10.10.10.10", src="11.11.11.12") /
-                   UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                   Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p_cust1 = (
+            Ether(dst="00:00:de:ad:ba:b1", src="00:00:de:ad:be:ef")
+            / IP(src="10.10.10.10", dst="11.11.11.11")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
+        p_cust2 = (
+            Ether(dst="00:00:de:ad:ba:b2", src="00:00:de:ad:be:ef")
+            / IP(src="10.10.10.10", dst="11.11.11.12")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
+        p_core1 = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / MPLS(label=55, ttl=64)
+            / Ether(src="00:00:de:ad:ba:b1", dst="00:00:de:ad:be:ef")
+            / IP(dst="10.10.10.10", src="11.11.11.11")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
+        p_core2 = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / MPLS(label=56, ttl=64)
+            / Raw(b"\x01" * 4)
+            / Ether(src="00:00:de:ad:ba:b2", dst="00:00:de:ad:be:ef")  # PW CW
+            / IP(dst="10.10.10.10", src="11.11.11.12")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         #
         # The BD is learning, so send in one of each packet to learn
@@ -2470,12 +2852,14 @@ class TestMPLSL2(VppTestCase):
         # now a stream in each direction from each host
         #
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p_cust1 * NUM_PKTS, self.pg0)
-        self.verify_capture_tunneled_ethernet(rx, p_cust1 * NUM_PKTS,
-                                              [VppMplsLabel(42)])
+        self.verify_capture_tunneled_ethernet(
+            rx, p_cust1 * NUM_PKTS, [VppMplsLabel(42)]
+        )
 
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p_cust2 * NUM_PKTS, self.pg0)
-        self.verify_capture_tunneled_ethernet(rx, p_cust2 * NUM_PKTS,
-                                              [VppMplsLabel(43)])
+        self.verify_capture_tunneled_ethernet(
+            rx, p_cust2 * NUM_PKTS, [VppMplsLabel(43)]
+        )
 
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_core1 * NUM_PKTS, self.pg1)
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_core2 * NUM_PKTS, self.pg1)
@@ -2484,12 +2868,15 @@ class TestMPLSL2(VppTestCase):
         # remove interfaces from customers bridge-domain
         #
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=mpls_tun1.sw_if_index, bd_id=1, enable=0)
+            rx_sw_if_index=mpls_tun1.sw_if_index, bd_id=1, enable=0
+        )
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=mpls_tun2.sw_if_index, bd_id=1, enable=0)
+            rx_sw_if_index=mpls_tun2.sw_if_index, bd_id=1, enable=0
+        )
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, bd_id=1, enable=0)
+            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, bd_id=1, enable=0
+        )
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_mss_clamp.py b/test/test_mss_clamp.py
index 23495b6050b..663ecd37742 100644
--- a/test/test_mss_clamp.py
+++ b/test/test_mss_clamp.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ from scapy.packet import Raw
 
 
 class TestMSSClamp(VppTestCase):
-    """ TCP MSS Clamping Test Case """
+    """TCP MSS Clamping Test Case"""
 
     def setUp(self):
         super(TestMSSClamp, self).setUp()
@@ -40,31 +40,34 @@ class TestMSSClamp(VppTestCase):
         tcp_csum = tcp.chksum
         del tcp.chksum
         ip_csum = 0
-        if (rx.haslayer(IP)):
+        if rx.haslayer(IP):
             ip_csum = rx[IP].chksum
             del rx[IP].chksum
 
         opt = tcp.options
-        self.assertEqual(opt[0][0], 'MSS')
+        self.assertEqual(opt[0][0], "MSS")
         self.assertEqual(opt[0][1], expected_mss)
         # recalculate checksums
         rx = rx.__class__(bytes(rx))
         tcp = rx[TCP]
         self.assertEqual(tcp_csum, tcp.chksum)
-        if (rx.haslayer(IP)):
+        if rx.haslayer(IP):
             self.assertEqual(ip_csum, rx[IP].chksum)
 
     def send_and_verify_ip4(self, src_pg, dst_pg, mss, expected_mss):
         # IPv4 TCP packet with the requested MSS option.
         # from a host on src_pg to a host on dst_pg.
-        p = (Ether(dst=src_pg.local_mac,
-                   src=src_pg.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=src_pg.remote_ip4,
-                dst=dst_pg.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234,
-                 flags="S",
-                 options=[('MSS', (mss)), ('EOL', None)]) /
-             Raw('\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=src_pg.local_mac, src=src_pg.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=src_pg.remote_ip4, dst=dst_pg.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(
+                sport=1234,
+                dport=1234,
+                flags="S",
+                options=[("MSS", (mss)), ("EOL", None)],
+            )
+            / Raw("\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(src_pg, p * 65, dst_pg)
 
@@ -76,14 +79,17 @@ class TestMSSClamp(VppTestCase):
         # IPv6 TCP packet with the requested MSS option.
         # from a host on src_pg to a host on dst_pg.
         #
-        p = (Ether(dst=src_pg.local_mac,
-                   src=src_pg.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=src_pg.remote_ip6,
-                  dst=dst_pg.remote_ip6) /
-             TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234,
-                 flags="S",
-                 options=[('MSS', (mss)), ('EOL', None)]) /
-             Raw('\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=src_pg.local_mac, src=src_pg.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=src_pg.remote_ip6, dst=dst_pg.remote_ip6)
+            / TCP(
+                sport=1234,
+                dport=1234,
+                flags="S",
+                options=[("MSS", (mss)), ("EOL", None)],
+            )
+            / Raw("\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(src_pg, p * 65, dst_pg)
 
@@ -91,12 +97,16 @@ class TestMSSClamp(VppTestCase):
             self.verify_pkt(rx, expected_mss)
 
     def test_tcp_mss_clamping_ip4_tx(self):
-        """ IP4 TCP MSS Clamping TX """
+        """IP4 TCP MSS Clamping TX"""
 
         # enable the TCP MSS clamping feature to lower the MSS to 1424.
-        self.vapi.mss_clamp_enable_disable(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                           ipv4_mss=1424, ipv6_mss=0,
-                                           ipv4_direction=3, ipv6_direction=0)
+        self.vapi.mss_clamp_enable_disable(
+            self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+            ipv4_mss=1424,
+            ipv6_mss=0,
+            ipv4_direction=3,
+            ipv6_direction=0,
+        )
 
         # Verify that the feature is enabled.
         rv, reply = self.vapi.mss_clamp_get(sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index)
@@ -107,8 +117,7 @@ class TestMSSClamp(VppTestCase):
         self.send_and_verify_ip4(self.pg0, self.pg1, 1460, 1424)
 
         # check the stats
-        stats = self.statistics.get_counter(
-            '/err/tcp-mss-clamping-ip4-out/clamped')
+        stats = self.statistics.get_counter("/err/tcp-mss-clamping-ip4-out/clamped")
         self.assertEqual(sum(stats), 65)
 
         # Send syn packets with small enough MSS values and verify they are
@@ -117,36 +126,52 @@ class TestMSSClamp(VppTestCase):
 
         # enable the the feature only in TX direction
         # and change the max MSS value
-        self.vapi.mss_clamp_enable_disable(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                           ipv4_mss=1420, ipv6_mss=0,
-                                           ipv4_direction=2, ipv6_direction=0)
+        self.vapi.mss_clamp_enable_disable(
+            self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+            ipv4_mss=1420,
+            ipv6_mss=0,
+            ipv4_direction=2,
+            ipv6_direction=0,
+        )
 
         # Send syn packets and verify that the MSS value is lowered.
         self.send_and_verify_ip4(self.pg0, self.pg1, 1460, 1420)
 
         # enable the the feature only in RX direction
-        self.vapi.mss_clamp_enable_disable(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                           ipv4_mss=1424, ipv6_mss=0,
-                                           ipv4_direction=1, ipv6_direction=0)
+        self.vapi.mss_clamp_enable_disable(
+            self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+            ipv4_mss=1424,
+            ipv6_mss=0,
+            ipv4_direction=1,
+            ipv6_direction=0,
+        )
 
         # Send the packets again and ensure they are unchanged.
         self.send_and_verify_ip4(self.pg0, self.pg1, 1460, 1460)
 
         # disable the feature
-        self.vapi.mss_clamp_enable_disable(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                           ipv4_mss=0, ipv6_mss=0,
-                                           ipv4_direction=0, ipv6_direction=0)
+        self.vapi.mss_clamp_enable_disable(
+            self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+            ipv4_mss=0,
+            ipv6_mss=0,
+            ipv4_direction=0,
+            ipv6_direction=0,
+        )
 
         # Send the packets again and ensure they are unchanged.
         self.send_and_verify_ip4(self.pg0, self.pg1, 1460, 1460)
 
     def test_tcp_mss_clamping_ip4_rx(self):
-        """ IP4 TCP MSS Clamping RX """
+        """IP4 TCP MSS Clamping RX"""
 
         # enable the TCP MSS clamping feature to lower the MSS to 1424.
-        self.vapi.mss_clamp_enable_disable(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                           ipv4_mss=1424, ipv6_mss=0,
-                                           ipv4_direction=3, ipv6_direction=0)
+        self.vapi.mss_clamp_enable_disable(
+            self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+            ipv4_mss=1424,
+            ipv6_mss=0,
+            ipv4_direction=3,
+            ipv6_direction=0,
+        )
 
         # Verify that the feature is enabled.
         rv, reply = self.vapi.mss_clamp_get(sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index)
@@ -157,8 +182,7 @@ class TestMSSClamp(VppTestCase):
         self.send_and_verify_ip4(self.pg1, self.pg0, 1460, 1424)
 
         # check the stats
-        stats = self.statistics.get_counter(
-            '/err/tcp-mss-clamping-ip4-in/clamped')
+        stats = self.statistics.get_counter("/err/tcp-mss-clamping-ip4-in/clamped")
         self.assertEqual(sum(stats), 65)
 
         # Send syn packets with small enough MSS values and verify they are
@@ -167,36 +191,52 @@ class TestMSSClamp(VppTestCase):
 
         # enable the the feature only in RX direction
         # and change the max MSS value
-        self.vapi.mss_clamp_enable_disable(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                           ipv4_mss=1420, ipv6_mss=0,
-                                           ipv4_direction=1, ipv6_direction=0)
+        self.vapi.mss_clamp_enable_disable(
+            self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+            ipv4_mss=1420,
+            ipv6_mss=0,
+            ipv4_direction=1,
+            ipv6_direction=0,
+        )
 
         # Send syn packets and verify that the MSS value is lowered.
         self.send_and_verify_ip4(self.pg1, self.pg0, 1460, 1420)
 
         # enable the the feature only in TX direction
-        self.vapi.mss_clamp_enable_disable(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                           ipv4_mss=1424, ipv6_mss=0,
-                                           ipv4_direction=2, ipv6_direction=0)
+        self.vapi.mss_clamp_enable_disable(
+            self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+            ipv4_mss=1424,
+            ipv6_mss=0,
+            ipv4_direction=2,
+            ipv6_direction=0,
+        )
 
         # Send the packets again and ensure they are unchanged.
         self.send_and_verify_ip4(self.pg1, self.pg0, 1460, 1460)
 
         # disable the feature
-        self.vapi.mss_clamp_enable_disable(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                           ipv4_mss=0, ipv6_mss=0,
-                                           ipv4_direction=0, ipv6_direction=0)
+        self.vapi.mss_clamp_enable_disable(
+            self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+            ipv4_mss=0,
+            ipv6_mss=0,
+            ipv4_direction=0,
+            ipv6_direction=0,
+        )
 
         # Send the packets again and ensure they are unchanged.
         self.send_and_verify_ip4(self.pg1, self.pg0, 1460, 1460)
 
     def test_tcp_mss_clamping_ip6_tx(self):
-        """ IP6 TCP MSS Clamping TX """
+        """IP6 TCP MSS Clamping TX"""
 
         # enable the TCP MSS clamping feature to lower the MSS to 1424.
-        self.vapi.mss_clamp_enable_disable(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                           ipv4_mss=0, ipv6_mss=1424,
-                                           ipv4_direction=0, ipv6_direction=3)
+        self.vapi.mss_clamp_enable_disable(
+            self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+            ipv4_mss=0,
+            ipv6_mss=1424,
+            ipv4_direction=0,
+            ipv6_direction=3,
+        )
 
         # Verify that the feature is enabled.
         rv, reply = self.vapi.mss_clamp_get(sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index)
@@ -207,8 +247,7 @@ class TestMSSClamp(VppTestCase):
         self.send_and_verify_ip6(self.pg0, self.pg1, 1460, 1424)
 
         # check the stats
-        stats = self.statistics.get_counter(
-            '/err/tcp-mss-clamping-ip6-out/clamped')
+        stats = self.statistics.get_counter("/err/tcp-mss-clamping-ip6-out/clamped")
         self.assertEqual(sum(stats), 65)
 
         # Send syn packets with small enough MSS values and verify they are
@@ -217,36 +256,52 @@ class TestMSSClamp(VppTestCase):
 
         # enable the the feature only in TX direction
         # and change the max MSS value
-        self.vapi.mss_clamp_enable_disable(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                           ipv4_mss=0, ipv6_mss=1420,
-                                           ipv4_direction=0, ipv6_direction=2)
+        self.vapi.mss_clamp_enable_disable(
+            self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+            ipv4_mss=0,
+            ipv6_mss=1420,
+            ipv4_direction=0,
+            ipv6_direction=2,
+        )
 
         # Send syn packets and verify that the MSS value is lowered.
         self.send_and_verify_ip6(self.pg0, self.pg1, 1460, 1420)
 
         # enable the the feature only in RX direction
-        self.vapi.mss_clamp_enable_disable(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                           ipv4_mss=0, ipv6_mss=1424,
-                                           ipv4_direction=0, ipv6_direction=1)
+        self.vapi.mss_clamp_enable_disable(
+            self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+            ipv4_mss=0,
+            ipv6_mss=1424,
+            ipv4_direction=0,
+            ipv6_direction=1,
+        )
 
         # Send the packets again and ensure they are unchanged.
         self.send_and_verify_ip6(self.pg0, self.pg1, 1460, 1460)
 
         # disable the feature
-        self.vapi.mss_clamp_enable_disable(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                           ipv4_mss=0, ipv6_mss=0,
-                                           ipv4_direction=0, ipv6_direction=0)
+        self.vapi.mss_clamp_enable_disable(
+            self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+            ipv4_mss=0,
+            ipv6_mss=0,
+            ipv4_direction=0,
+            ipv6_direction=0,
+        )
 
         # Send the packets again and ensure they are unchanged.
         self.send_and_verify_ip6(self.pg0, self.pg1, 1460, 1460)
 
     def test_tcp_mss_clamping_ip6_rx(self):
-        """ IP6 TCP MSS Clamping RX """
+        """IP6 TCP MSS Clamping RX"""
 
         # enable the TCP MSS clamping feature to lower the MSS to 1424.
-        self.vapi.mss_clamp_enable_disable(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                           ipv4_mss=0, ipv6_mss=1424,
-                                           ipv4_direction=0, ipv6_direction=3)
+        self.vapi.mss_clamp_enable_disable(
+            self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+            ipv4_mss=0,
+            ipv6_mss=1424,
+            ipv4_direction=0,
+            ipv6_direction=3,
+        )
 
         # Verify that the feature is enabled.
         rv, reply = self.vapi.mss_clamp_get(sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index)
@@ -257,8 +312,7 @@ class TestMSSClamp(VppTestCase):
         self.send_and_verify_ip6(self.pg1, self.pg0, 1460, 1424)
 
         # check the stats
-        stats = self.statistics.get_counter(
-            '/err/tcp-mss-clamping-ip6-in/clamped')
+        stats = self.statistics.get_counter("/err/tcp-mss-clamping-ip6-in/clamped")
         self.assertEqual(sum(stats), 65)
 
         # Send syn packets with small enough MSS values and verify they are
@@ -267,29 +321,41 @@ class TestMSSClamp(VppTestCase):
 
         # enable the the feature only in RX direction
         # and change the max MSS value
-        self.vapi.mss_clamp_enable_disable(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                           ipv4_mss=0, ipv6_mss=1420,
-                                           ipv4_direction=0, ipv6_direction=1)
+        self.vapi.mss_clamp_enable_disable(
+            self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+            ipv4_mss=0,
+            ipv6_mss=1420,
+            ipv4_direction=0,
+            ipv6_direction=1,
+        )
 
         # Send syn packets and verify that the MSS value is lowered.
         self.send_and_verify_ip6(self.pg1, self.pg0, 1460, 1420)
 
         # enable the the feature only in TX direction
-        self.vapi.mss_clamp_enable_disable(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                           ipv4_mss=0, ipv6_mss=1424,
-                                           ipv4_direction=0, ipv6_direction=2)
+        self.vapi.mss_clamp_enable_disable(
+            self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+            ipv4_mss=0,
+            ipv6_mss=1424,
+            ipv4_direction=0,
+            ipv6_direction=2,
+        )
 
         # Send the packets again and ensure they are unchanged.
         self.send_and_verify_ip6(self.pg1, self.pg0, 1460, 1460)
 
         # disable the feature
-        self.vapi.mss_clamp_enable_disable(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                           ipv4_mss=0, ipv6_mss=0,
-                                           ipv4_direction=0, ipv6_direction=0)
+        self.vapi.mss_clamp_enable_disable(
+            self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+            ipv4_mss=0,
+            ipv6_mss=0,
+            ipv4_direction=0,
+            ipv6_direction=0,
+        )
 
         # Send the packets again and ensure they are unchanged.
         self.send_and_verify_ip6(self.pg1, self.pg0, 1460, 1460)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_mtu.py b/test/test_mtu.py
index 27594e55727..922d83dc5ef 100644
--- a/test/test_mtu.py
+++ b/test/test_mtu.py
@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ from util import reassemble4
 
 
 class TestMTU(VppTestCase):
-    """ MTU Test Case """
+    """MTU Test Case"""
+
     maxDiff = None
 
     @classmethod
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ class TestMTU(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(rx, expected)
 
     def payload(self, len):
-        return 'x' * len
+        return "x" * len
 
     def get_mtu(self, sw_if_index):
         rv = self.vapi.sw_interface_dump(sw_if_index=sw_if_index)
@@ -72,21 +73,19 @@ class TestMTU(VppTestCase):
         return 0
 
     def test_ip4_mtu(self):
-        """ IP4 MTU test """
+        """IP4 MTU test"""
 
         p_ether = Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
-        p_ip4 = IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                   flags='DF')
+        p_ip4 = IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4, flags="DF")
 
         current_mtu = self.get_mtu(self.pg1.sw_if_index)
 
-        p_payload = UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) / self.payload(
-            current_mtu - 20 - 8)
+        p_payload = UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) / self.payload(current_mtu - 20 - 8)
 
         p4 = p_ether / p_ip4 / p_payload
         p4_reply = p_ip4 / p_payload
         p4_reply.ttl -= 1
-        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p4*11, self.pg1)
+        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p4 * 11, self.pg1)
         for p in rx:
             self.validate(p[1], p4_reply)
 
@@ -95,16 +94,22 @@ class TestMTU(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(576, self.get_mtu(self.pg1.sw_if_index))
 
         # Should fail. Too large MTU
-        p_icmp4 = ICMP(type='dest-unreach', code='fragmentation-needed',
-                       nexthopmtu=576, chksum=0x2dbb)
-        icmp4_reply = (IP(src=self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                          dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                          ttl=254, len=576, id=0) /
-                       p_icmp4 / p_ip4 / p_payload)
+        p_icmp4 = ICMP(
+            type="dest-unreach",
+            code="fragmentation-needed",
+            nexthopmtu=576,
+            chksum=0x2DBB,
+        )
+        icmp4_reply = (
+            IP(src=self.pg0.local_ip4, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4, ttl=254, len=576, id=0)
+            / p_icmp4
+            / p_ip4
+            / p_payload
+        )
         n = icmp4_reply.__class__(icmp4_reply)
         s = bytes(icmp4_reply)
         icmp4_reply = s[0:576]
-        rx = self.send_and_expect_some(self.pg0, p4*11, self.pg0)
+        rx = self.send_and_expect_some(self.pg0, p4 * 11, self.pg0)
         for p in rx:
             # p.show2()
             # n.show2()
@@ -112,8 +117,7 @@ class TestMTU(VppTestCase):
 
         # Now with DF off. Expect fragments.
         # First go with 1500 byte packets.
-        p_payload = UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) / self.payload(
-            1500 - 20 - 8)
+        p_payload = UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) / self.payload(1500 - 20 - 8)
         p4 = p_ether / p_ip4 / p_payload
         p4.flags = 0
         p4_reply = p_ip4 / p_payload
@@ -121,13 +125,13 @@ class TestMTU(VppTestCase):
         p4_reply.flags = 0
         p4_reply.id = 256
         self.pg_enable_capture()
-        self.pg0.add_stream(p4*1)
+        self.pg0.add_stream(p4 * 1)
         self.pg_start()
         rx = self.pg1.get_capture(3)
         reass_pkt = reassemble4(rx)
         self.validate(reass_pkt, p4_reply)
 
-        '''
+        """
         # Now what happens with a 9K frame
         p_payload = UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) / self.payload(
             current_mtu - 20 - 8)
@@ -146,27 +150,25 @@ class TestMTU(VppTestCase):
         reass_pkt.show2()
         p4_reply.show2()
         self.validate(reass_pkt, p4_reply)
-        '''
+        """
 
         # Reset MTU
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                       [current_mtu, 0, 0, 0])
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(self.pg1.sw_if_index, [current_mtu, 0, 0, 0])
 
     def test_ip6_mtu(self):
-        """ IP6 MTU test """
+        """IP6 MTU test"""
 
         current_mtu = self.get_mtu(self.pg1.sw_if_index)
 
         p_ether = Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
         p_ip6 = IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6)
 
-        p_payload = UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) / self.payload(
-            current_mtu - 40 - 8)
+        p_payload = UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) / self.payload(current_mtu - 40 - 8)
 
         p6 = p_ether / p_ip6 / p_payload
         p6_reply = p_ip6 / p_payload
         p6_reply.hlim -= 1
-        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p6*9, self.pg1)
+        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p6 * 9, self.pg1)
         for p in rx:
             self.validate(p[1], p6_reply)
 
@@ -175,24 +177,25 @@ class TestMTU(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(1280, self.get_mtu(self.pg1.sw_if_index))
 
         # Should fail. Too large MTU
-        p_icmp6 = ICMPv6PacketTooBig(mtu=1280, cksum=0x4c7a)
-        icmp6_reply = (IPv6(src=self.pg0.local_ip6,
-                            dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                            hlim=255, plen=1240) /
-                       p_icmp6 / p_ip6 / p_payload)
+        p_icmp6 = ICMPv6PacketTooBig(mtu=1280, cksum=0x4C7A)
+        icmp6_reply = (
+            IPv6(src=self.pg0.local_ip6, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6, hlim=255, plen=1240)
+            / p_icmp6
+            / p_ip6
+            / p_payload
+        )
         icmp6_reply[2].hlim -= 1
         n = icmp6_reply.__class__(icmp6_reply)
         s = bytes(icmp6_reply)
         icmp6_reply_str = s[0:1280]
 
-        rx = self.send_and_expect_some(self.pg0, p6*9, self.pg0)
+        rx = self.send_and_expect_some(self.pg0, p6 * 9, self.pg0)
         for p in rx:
             self.validate_bytes(bytes(p[1]), icmp6_reply_str)
 
         # Reset MTU
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                       [current_mtu, 0, 0, 0])
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(self.pg1.sw_if_index, [current_mtu, 0, 0, 0])
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_nat44_ed.py b/test/test_nat44_ed.py
index 21eebb22de4..77459874c09 100644
--- a/test/test_nat44_ed.py
+++ b/test/test_nat44_ed.py
@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ from util import StatsDiff
 
 
 class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
-    """ NAT44ED Test Case """
+    """NAT44ED Test Case"""
 
-    nat_addr = '10.0.10.3'
+    nat_addr = "10.0.10.3"
 
     tcp_port_in = 6303
     tcp_port_out = 6303
@@ -48,8 +48,7 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             self.plugin_disable()
 
     def plugin_enable(self):
-        self.vapi.nat44_ed_plugin_enable_disable(
-            sessions=self.max_sessions, enable=1)
+        self.vapi.nat44_ed_plugin_enable_disable(sessions=self.max_sessions, enable=1)
 
     def plugin_disable(self):
         self.vapi.nat44_ed_plugin_enable_disable(enable=0)
@@ -87,7 +86,7 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
 
     @classmethod
     def create_and_add_ip4_table(cls, i, table_id=0):
-        cls.vapi.ip_table_add_del(is_add=1, table={'table_id': table_id})
+        cls.vapi.ip_table_add_del(is_add=1, table={"table_id": table_id})
         i.set_table_ip4(table_id)
 
     @classmethod
@@ -105,32 +104,41 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
 
     @classmethod
     def nat_add_interface_address(cls, i):
-        cls.vapi.nat44_add_del_interface_addr(
-            sw_if_index=i.sw_if_index, is_add=1)
+        cls.vapi.nat44_add_del_interface_addr(sw_if_index=i.sw_if_index, is_add=1)
 
     def nat_add_inside_interface(self, i):
         self.vapi.nat44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            flags=self.config_flags.NAT_IS_INSIDE,
-            sw_if_index=i.sw_if_index, is_add=1)
+            flags=self.config_flags.NAT_IS_INSIDE, sw_if_index=i.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
     def nat_add_outside_interface(self, i):
         self.vapi.nat44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            flags=self.config_flags.NAT_IS_OUTSIDE,
-            sw_if_index=i.sw_if_index, is_add=1)
+            flags=self.config_flags.NAT_IS_OUTSIDE, sw_if_index=i.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
-    def nat_add_address(self, address, twice_nat=0,
-                        vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF, is_add=1):
+    def nat_add_address(self, address, twice_nat=0, vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF, is_add=1):
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_TWICE_NAT if twice_nat else 0
-        self.vapi.nat44_add_del_address_range(first_ip_address=address,
-                                              last_ip_address=address,
-                                              vrf_id=vrf_id,
-                                              is_add=is_add,
-                                              flags=flags)
+        self.vapi.nat44_add_del_address_range(
+            first_ip_address=address,
+            last_ip_address=address,
+            vrf_id=vrf_id,
+            is_add=is_add,
+            flags=flags,
+        )
 
-    def nat_add_static_mapping(self, local_ip, external_ip='0.0.0.0',
-                               local_port=0, external_port=0, vrf_id=0,
-                               is_add=1, external_sw_if_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
-                               proto=0, tag="", flags=0):
+    def nat_add_static_mapping(
+        self,
+        local_ip,
+        external_ip="0.0.0.0",
+        local_port=0,
+        external_port=0,
+        vrf_id=0,
+        is_add=1,
+        external_sw_if_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
+        proto=0,
+        tag="",
+        flags=0,
+    ):
 
         if not (local_port and external_port):
             flags |= self.config_flags.NAT_IS_ADDR_ONLY
@@ -142,9 +150,11 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             external_sw_if_index=external_sw_if_index,
             local_port=local_port,
             external_port=external_port,
-            vrf_id=vrf_id, protocol=proto,
+            vrf_id=vrf_id,
+            protocol=proto,
             flags=flags,
-            tag=tag)
+            tag=tag,
+        )
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -159,14 +169,14 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             cls.configure_ip4_interface(i, hosts=3)
 
         # test specific (test-multiple-vrf)
-        cls.vapi.ip_table_add_del(is_add=1, table={'table_id': 1})
+        cls.vapi.ip_table_add_del(is_add=1, table={"table_id": 1})
 
         # test specific (test-one-armed-nat44-static)
         cls.pg4.generate_remote_hosts(2)
         cls.pg4.config_ip4()
         cls.vapi.sw_interface_add_del_address(
-            sw_if_index=cls.pg4.sw_if_index,
-            prefix="10.0.0.1/24")
+            sw_if_index=cls.pg4.sw_if_index, prefix="10.0.0.1/24"
+        )
         cls.pg4.admin_up()
         cls.pg4.resolve_arp()
         cls.pg4._remote_hosts[1]._ip4 = cls.pg4._remote_hosts[0]._ip4
@@ -190,58 +200,95 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
 
         rl = list()
 
-        rl.append(VppIpRoute(cls, "0.0.0.0", 0,
-                             [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", 0xffffffff,
-                                           nh_table_id=0)],
-                             register=False, table_id=1))
-        rl.append(VppIpRoute(cls, "0.0.0.0", 0,
-                             [VppRoutePath(cls.pg1.local_ip4,
-                                           cls.pg1.sw_if_index)],
-                             register=False))
-        rl.append(VppIpRoute(cls, cls.pg5.remote_ip4, 32,
-                             [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                           cls.pg5.sw_if_index)],
-                             register=False, table_id=1))
-        rl.append(VppIpRoute(cls, cls.pg6.remote_ip4, 32,
-                             [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                           cls.pg6.sw_if_index)],
-                             register=False, table_id=1))
-        rl.append(VppIpRoute(cls, cls.pg6.remote_ip4, 16,
-                             [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", 0xffffffff,
-                                           nh_table_id=1)],
-                             register=False, table_id=0))
+        rl.append(
+            VppIpRoute(
+                cls,
+                "0.0.0.0",
+                0,
+                [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", 0xFFFFFFFF, nh_table_id=0)],
+                register=False,
+                table_id=1,
+            )
+        )
+        rl.append(
+            VppIpRoute(
+                cls,
+                "0.0.0.0",
+                0,
+                [VppRoutePath(cls.pg1.local_ip4, cls.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+                register=False,
+            )
+        )
+        rl.append(
+            VppIpRoute(
+                cls,
+                cls.pg5.remote_ip4,
+                32,
+                [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", cls.pg5.sw_if_index)],
+                register=False,
+                table_id=1,
+            )
+        )
+        rl.append(
+            VppIpRoute(
+                cls,
+                cls.pg6.remote_ip4,
+                32,
+                [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", cls.pg6.sw_if_index)],
+                register=False,
+                table_id=1,
+            )
+        )
+        rl.append(
+            VppIpRoute(
+                cls,
+                cls.pg6.remote_ip4,
+                16,
+                [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", 0xFFFFFFFF, nh_table_id=1)],
+                register=False,
+                table_id=0,
+            )
+        )
 
         for r in rl:
             r.add_vpp_config()
 
-        cls.no_diff = StatsDiff({
-            pg.sw_if_index: {
-                '/nat44-ed/in2out/fastpath/tcp': 0,
-                '/nat44-ed/in2out/fastpath/udp': 0,
-                '/nat44-ed/in2out/fastpath/icmp': 0,
-                '/nat44-ed/in2out/fastpath/drops': 0,
-                '/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/tcp': 0,
-                '/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/udp': 0,
-                '/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/icmp': 0,
-                '/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/drops': 0,
-                '/nat44-ed/in2out/fastpath/tcp': 0,
-                '/nat44-ed/in2out/fastpath/udp': 0,
-                '/nat44-ed/in2out/fastpath/icmp': 0,
-                '/nat44-ed/in2out/fastpath/drops': 0,
-                '/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/tcp': 0,
-                '/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/udp': 0,
-                '/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/icmp': 0,
-                '/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/drops': 0,
+        cls.no_diff = StatsDiff(
+            {
+                pg.sw_if_index: {
+                    "/nat44-ed/in2out/fastpath/tcp": 0,
+                    "/nat44-ed/in2out/fastpath/udp": 0,
+                    "/nat44-ed/in2out/fastpath/icmp": 0,
+                    "/nat44-ed/in2out/fastpath/drops": 0,
+                    "/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/tcp": 0,
+                    "/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/udp": 0,
+                    "/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/icmp": 0,
+                    "/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/drops": 0,
+                    "/nat44-ed/in2out/fastpath/tcp": 0,
+                    "/nat44-ed/in2out/fastpath/udp": 0,
+                    "/nat44-ed/in2out/fastpath/icmp": 0,
+                    "/nat44-ed/in2out/fastpath/drops": 0,
+                    "/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/tcp": 0,
+                    "/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/udp": 0,
+                    "/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/icmp": 0,
+                    "/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/drops": 0,
+                }
+                for pg in cls.pg_interfaces
             }
-            for pg in cls.pg_interfaces
-        })
+        )
 
     def get_err_counter(self, path):
         return self.statistics.get_err_counter(path)
 
-    def reass_hairpinning(self, server_addr, server_in_port, server_out_port,
-                          host_in_port, proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
-                          ignore_port=False):
+    def reass_hairpinning(
+        self,
+        server_addr,
+        server_in_port,
+        server_out_port,
+        host_in_port,
+        proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
+        ignore_port=False,
+    ):
         layer = self.proto2layer(proto)
 
         if proto == IP_PROTOS.tcp:
@@ -250,19 +297,14 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             data = b"A" * 16 + b"B" * 16 + b"C" * 3
 
         # send packet from host to server
-        pkts = self.create_stream_frag(self.pg0,
-                                       self.nat_addr,
-                                       host_in_port,
-                                       server_out_port,
-                                       data,
-                                       proto)
+        pkts = self.create_stream_frag(
+            self.pg0, self.nat_addr, host_in_port, server_out_port, data, proto
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
         frags = self.pg0.get_capture(len(pkts))
-        p = self.reass_frags_and_verify(frags,
-                                        self.nat_addr,
-                                        server_addr)
+        p = self.reass_frags_and_verify(frags, self.nat_addr, server_addr)
         if proto != IP_PROTOS.icmp:
             if not ignore_port:
                 self.assertNotEqual(p[layer].sport, host_in_port)
@@ -272,8 +314,9 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
                 self.assertNotEqual(p[layer].id, host_in_port)
         self.assertEqual(data, p[Raw].load)
 
-    def frag_out_of_order(self, proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp, dont_translate=False,
-                          ignore_port=False):
+    def frag_out_of_order(
+        self, proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp, dont_translate=False, ignore_port=False
+    ):
         layer = self.proto2layer(proto)
 
         if proto == IP_PROTOS.tcp:
@@ -284,21 +327,22 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
 
         for i in range(2):
             # in2out
-            pkts = self.create_stream_frag(self.pg0, self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                           self.port_in, 20, data, proto)
+            pkts = self.create_stream_frag(
+                self.pg0, self.pg1.remote_ip4, self.port_in, 20, data, proto
+            )
             pkts.reverse()
             self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
             self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
             self.pg_start()
             frags = self.pg1.get_capture(len(pkts))
             if not dont_translate:
-                p = self.reass_frags_and_verify(frags,
-                                                self.nat_addr,
-                                                self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+                p = self.reass_frags_and_verify(
+                    frags, self.nat_addr, self.pg1.remote_ip4
+                )
             else:
-                p = self.reass_frags_and_verify(frags,
-                                                self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                                self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+                p = self.reass_frags_and_verify(
+                    frags, self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.pg1.remote_ip4
+                )
             if proto != IP_PROTOS.icmp:
                 if not dont_translate:
                     self.assertEqual(p[layer].dport, 20)
@@ -325,17 +369,18 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             else:
                 sport = p[layer].id
                 dport = 0
-            pkts = self.create_stream_frag(self.pg1, dst_addr, sport, dport,
-                                           data, proto, echo_reply=True)
+            pkts = self.create_stream_frag(
+                self.pg1, dst_addr, sport, dport, data, proto, echo_reply=True
+            )
             pkts.reverse()
             self.pg1.add_stream(pkts)
             self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
             self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show trace"))
             self.pg_start()
             frags = self.pg0.get_capture(len(pkts))
-            p = self.reass_frags_and_verify(frags,
-                                            self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                            self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+            p = self.reass_frags_and_verify(
+                frags, self.pg1.remote_ip4, self.pg0.remote_ip4
+            )
             if proto != IP_PROTOS.icmp:
                 self.assertEqual(p[layer].sport, 20)
                 self.assertEqual(p[layer].dport, self.port_in)
@@ -351,21 +396,20 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             self.assert_ip_checksum_valid(p)
             buffer.seek(p[IP].frag * 8)
             buffer.write(bytes(p[IP].payload))
-        ip = IP(src=frags[0][IP].src, dst=frags[0][IP].dst,
-                proto=frags[0][IP].proto)
+        ip = IP(src=frags[0][IP].src, dst=frags[0][IP].dst, proto=frags[0][IP].proto)
         if ip.proto == IP_PROTOS.tcp:
-            p = (ip / TCP(buffer.getvalue()))
+            p = ip / TCP(buffer.getvalue())
             self.logger.debug(ppp("Reassembled:", p))
             self.assert_tcp_checksum_valid(p)
         elif ip.proto == IP_PROTOS.udp:
-            p = (ip / UDP(buffer.getvalue()[:8]) /
-                 Raw(buffer.getvalue()[8:]))
+            p = ip / UDP(buffer.getvalue()[:8]) / Raw(buffer.getvalue()[8:])
         elif ip.proto == IP_PROTOS.icmp:
-            p = (ip / ICMP(buffer.getvalue()))
+            p = ip / ICMP(buffer.getvalue())
         return p
 
-    def frag_in_order(self, proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp, dont_translate=False,
-                      ignore_port=False):
+    def frag_in_order(
+        self, proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp, dont_translate=False, ignore_port=False
+    ):
         layer = self.proto2layer(proto)
 
         if proto == IP_PROTOS.tcp:
@@ -375,20 +419,19 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
         self.port_in = self.random_port()
 
         # in2out
-        pkts = self.create_stream_frag(self.pg0, self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                       self.port_in, 20, data, proto)
+        pkts = self.create_stream_frag(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1.remote_ip4, self.port_in, 20, data, proto
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
         frags = self.pg1.get_capture(len(pkts))
         if not dont_translate:
-            p = self.reass_frags_and_verify(frags,
-                                            self.nat_addr,
-                                            self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            p = self.reass_frags_and_verify(frags, self.nat_addr, self.pg1.remote_ip4)
         else:
-            p = self.reass_frags_and_verify(frags,
-                                            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                            self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            p = self.reass_frags_and_verify(
+                frags, self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.pg1.remote_ip4
+            )
         if proto != IP_PROTOS.icmp:
             if not dont_translate:
                 self.assertEqual(p[layer].dport, 20)
@@ -415,15 +458,14 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
         else:
             sport = p[layer].id
             dport = 0
-        pkts = self.create_stream_frag(self.pg1, dst_addr, sport, dport, data,
-                                       proto, echo_reply=True)
+        pkts = self.create_stream_frag(
+            self.pg1, dst_addr, sport, dport, data, proto, echo_reply=True
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
         frags = self.pg0.get_capture(len(pkts))
-        p = self.reass_frags_and_verify(frags,
-                                        self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                        self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        p = self.reass_frags_and_verify(frags, self.pg1.remote_ip4, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
         if proto != IP_PROTOS.icmp:
             self.assertEqual(p[layer].sport, 20)
             self.assertEqual(p[layer].dport, self.port_in)
@@ -431,8 +473,9 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(p[layer].id, self.port_in)
         self.assertEqual(data, p[Raw].load)
 
-    def verify_capture_out(self, capture, nat_ip=None, same_port=False,
-                           dst_ip=None, ignore_port=False):
+    def verify_capture_out(
+        self, capture, nat_ip=None, same_port=False, dst_ip=None, ignore_port=False
+    ):
         if nat_ip is None:
             nat_ip = self.nat_addr
         for packet in capture:
@@ -444,35 +487,30 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
                 if packet.haslayer(TCP):
                     if not ignore_port:
                         if same_port:
-                            self.assertEqual(
-                                packet[TCP].sport, self.tcp_port_in)
+                            self.assertEqual(packet[TCP].sport, self.tcp_port_in)
                         else:
-                            self.assertNotEqual(
-                                packet[TCP].sport, self.tcp_port_in)
+                            self.assertNotEqual(packet[TCP].sport, self.tcp_port_in)
                     self.tcp_port_out = packet[TCP].sport
                     self.assert_packet_checksums_valid(packet)
                 elif packet.haslayer(UDP):
                     if not ignore_port:
                         if same_port:
-                            self.assertEqual(
-                                packet[UDP].sport, self.udp_port_in)
+                            self.assertEqual(packet[UDP].sport, self.udp_port_in)
                         else:
-                            self.assertNotEqual(
-                                packet[UDP].sport, self.udp_port_in)
+                            self.assertNotEqual(packet[UDP].sport, self.udp_port_in)
                     self.udp_port_out = packet[UDP].sport
                 else:
                     if not ignore_port:
                         if same_port:
-                            self.assertEqual(
-                                packet[ICMP].id, self.icmp_id_in)
+                            self.assertEqual(packet[ICMP].id, self.icmp_id_in)
                         else:
-                            self.assertNotEqual(
-                                packet[ICMP].id, self.icmp_id_in)
+                            self.assertNotEqual(packet[ICMP].id, self.icmp_id_in)
                     self.icmp_id_out = packet[ICMP].id
                     self.assert_packet_checksums_valid(packet)
             except:
-                self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet "
-                                      "(outside network):", packet))
+                self.logger.error(
+                    ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet (outside network):", packet)
+                )
                 raise
 
     def verify_capture_in(self, capture, in_if):
@@ -487,8 +525,9 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
                 else:
                     self.assertEqual(packet[ICMP].id, self.icmp_id_in)
             except:
-                self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet "
-                                      "(inside network):", packet))
+                self.logger.error(
+                    ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet (inside network):", packet)
+                )
                 raise
 
     def create_stream_in(self, in_if, out_if, dst_ip=None, ttl=64):
@@ -497,27 +536,32 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
 
         pkts = []
         # TCP
-        p = (Ether(dst=in_if.local_mac, src=in_if.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=in_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_ip, ttl=ttl) /
-             TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=20))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=in_if.local_mac, src=in_if.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=in_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_ip, ttl=ttl)
+            / TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=20)
+        )
         pkts.extend([p, p])
 
         # UDP
-        p = (Ether(dst=in_if.local_mac, src=in_if.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=in_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_ip, ttl=ttl) /
-             UDP(sport=self.udp_port_in, dport=20))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=in_if.local_mac, src=in_if.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=in_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_ip, ttl=ttl)
+            / UDP(sport=self.udp_port_in, dport=20)
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
 
         # ICMP
-        p = (Ether(dst=in_if.local_mac, src=in_if.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=in_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_ip, ttl=ttl) /
-             ICMP(id=self.icmp_id_in, type='echo-request'))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=in_if.local_mac, src=in_if.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=in_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_ip, ttl=ttl)
+            / ICMP(id=self.icmp_id_in, type="echo-request")
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
 
         return pkts
 
-    def create_stream_out(self, out_if, dst_ip=None, ttl=64,
-                          use_inside_ports=False):
+    def create_stream_out(self, out_if, dst_ip=None, ttl=64, use_inside_ports=False):
         if dst_ip is None:
             dst_ip = self.nat_addr
         if not use_inside_ports:
@@ -530,21 +574,27 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             icmp_id = self.icmp_id_in
         pkts = []
         # TCP
-        p = (Ether(dst=out_if.local_mac, src=out_if.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=out_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_ip, ttl=ttl) /
-             TCP(dport=tcp_port, sport=20))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=out_if.local_mac, src=out_if.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=out_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_ip, ttl=ttl)
+            / TCP(dport=tcp_port, sport=20)
+        )
         pkts.extend([p, p])
 
         # UDP
-        p = (Ether(dst=out_if.local_mac, src=out_if.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=out_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_ip, ttl=ttl) /
-             UDP(dport=udp_port, sport=20))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=out_if.local_mac, src=out_if.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=out_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_ip, ttl=ttl)
+            / UDP(dport=udp_port, sport=20)
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
 
         # ICMP
-        p = (Ether(dst=out_if.local_mac, src=out_if.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=out_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_ip, ttl=ttl) /
-             ICMP(id=icmp_id, type='echo-reply'))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=out_if.local_mac, src=out_if.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=out_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_ip, ttl=ttl)
+            / ICMP(id=icmp_id, type="echo-reply")
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
 
         return pkts
@@ -554,19 +604,24 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
         port = 6303
 
         for i in range(count):
-            p = (Ether(dst=in_if.local_mac, src=in_if.remote_mac) /
-                 IP(src=in_if.remote_ip4, dst=out_if.remote_ip4, ttl=64) /
-                 TCP(sport=port + i, dport=20))
+            p = (
+                Ether(dst=in_if.local_mac, src=in_if.remote_mac)
+                / IP(src=in_if.remote_ip4, dst=out_if.remote_ip4, ttl=64)
+                / TCP(sport=port + i, dport=20)
+            )
             pkts.append(p)
 
         return pkts
 
-    def create_stream_frag(self, src_if, dst, sport, dport, data,
-                           proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp, echo_reply=False):
+    def create_stream_frag(
+        self, src_if, dst, sport, dport, data, proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp, echo_reply=False
+    ):
         if proto == IP_PROTOS.tcp:
-            p = (IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst) /
-                 TCP(sport=sport, dport=dport) /
-                 Raw(data))
+            p = (
+                IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst)
+                / TCP(sport=sport, dport=dport)
+                / Raw(data)
+            )
             p = p.__class__(scapy.compat.raw(p))
             chksum = p[TCP].chksum
             proto_header = TCP(sport=sport, dport=dport, chksum=chksum)
@@ -574,9 +629,9 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             proto_header = UDP(sport=sport, dport=dport)
         elif proto == IP_PROTOS.icmp:
             if not echo_reply:
-                proto_header = ICMP(id=sport, type='echo-request')
+                proto_header = ICMP(id=sport, type="echo-request")
             else:
-                proto_header = ICMP(id=sport, type='echo-reply')
+                proto_header = ICMP(id=sport, type="echo-reply")
         else:
             raise Exception("Unsupported protocol")
         id = self.random_port()
@@ -585,33 +640,38 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             raw = Raw(data[0:4])
         else:
             raw = Raw(data[0:16])
-        p = (Ether(src=src_if.remote_mac, dst=src_if.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst, flags="MF", frag=0, id=id) /
-             proto_header /
-             raw)
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=src_if.remote_mac, dst=src_if.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst, flags="MF", frag=0, id=id)
+            / proto_header
+            / raw
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
         if proto == IP_PROTOS.tcp:
             raw = Raw(data[4:20])
         else:
             raw = Raw(data[16:32])
-        p = (Ether(src=src_if.remote_mac, dst=src_if.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst, flags="MF", frag=3, id=id,
-                proto=proto) /
-             raw)
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=src_if.remote_mac, dst=src_if.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst, flags="MF", frag=3, id=id, proto=proto)
+            / raw
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
         if proto == IP_PROTOS.tcp:
             raw = Raw(data[20:])
         else:
             raw = Raw(data[32:])
-        p = (Ether(src=src_if.remote_mac, dst=src_if.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst, frag=5, proto=proto,
-                id=id) /
-             raw)
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=src_if.remote_mac, dst=src_if.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst, frag=5, proto=proto, id=id)
+            / raw
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
         return pkts
 
-    def frag_in_order_in_plus_out(self, in_addr, out_addr, in_port, out_port,
-                                  proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp):
+    def frag_in_order_in_plus_out(
+        self, in_addr, out_addr, in_port, out_port, proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp
+    ):
 
         layer = self.proto2layer(proto)
 
@@ -623,16 +683,14 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
 
         for i in range(2):
             # out2in
-            pkts = self.create_stream_frag(self.pg0, out_addr,
-                                           port_in, out_port,
-                                           data, proto)
+            pkts = self.create_stream_frag(
+                self.pg0, out_addr, port_in, out_port, data, proto
+            )
             self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
             self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
             self.pg_start()
             frags = self.pg1.get_capture(len(pkts))
-            p = self.reass_frags_and_verify(frags,
-                                            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                            in_addr)
+            p = self.reass_frags_and_verify(frags, self.pg0.remote_ip4, in_addr)
             if proto != IP_PROTOS.icmp:
                 self.assertEqual(p[layer].sport, port_in)
                 self.assertEqual(p[layer].dport, in_port)
@@ -642,20 +700,24 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
 
             # in2out
             if proto != IP_PROTOS.icmp:
-                pkts = self.create_stream_frag(self.pg1, self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                               in_port,
-                                               p[layer].sport, data, proto)
+                pkts = self.create_stream_frag(
+                    self.pg1, self.pg0.remote_ip4, in_port, p[layer].sport, data, proto
+                )
             else:
-                pkts = self.create_stream_frag(self.pg1, self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                               p[layer].id, 0, data, proto,
-                                               echo_reply=True)
+                pkts = self.create_stream_frag(
+                    self.pg1,
+                    self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                    p[layer].id,
+                    0,
+                    data,
+                    proto,
+                    echo_reply=True,
+                )
             self.pg1.add_stream(pkts)
             self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
             self.pg_start()
             frags = self.pg0.get_capture(len(pkts))
-            p = self.reass_frags_and_verify(frags,
-                                            out_addr,
-                                            self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+            p = self.reass_frags_and_verify(frags, out_addr, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
             if proto != IP_PROTOS.icmp:
                 self.assertEqual(p[layer].sport, out_port)
                 self.assertEqual(p[layer].dport, port_in)
@@ -663,8 +725,9 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
                 self.assertEqual(p[layer].id, port_in)
             self.assertEqual(data, p[Raw].load)
 
-    def frag_out_of_order_in_plus_out(self, in_addr, out_addr, in_port,
-                                      out_port, proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp):
+    def frag_out_of_order_in_plus_out(
+        self, in_addr, out_addr, in_port, out_port, proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp
+    ):
 
         layer = self.proto2layer(proto)
 
@@ -676,17 +739,15 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
 
         for i in range(2):
             # out2in
-            pkts = self.create_stream_frag(self.pg0, out_addr,
-                                           port_in, out_port,
-                                           data, proto)
+            pkts = self.create_stream_frag(
+                self.pg0, out_addr, port_in, out_port, data, proto
+            )
             pkts.reverse()
             self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
             self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
             self.pg_start()
             frags = self.pg1.get_capture(len(pkts))
-            p = self.reass_frags_and_verify(frags,
-                                            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                            in_addr)
+            p = self.reass_frags_and_verify(frags, self.pg0.remote_ip4, in_addr)
             if proto != IP_PROTOS.icmp:
                 self.assertEqual(p[layer].dport, in_port)
                 self.assertEqual(p[layer].sport, port_in)
@@ -697,21 +758,25 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
 
             # in2out
             if proto != IP_PROTOS.icmp:
-                pkts = self.create_stream_frag(self.pg1, self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                               in_port,
-                                               p[layer].sport, data, proto)
+                pkts = self.create_stream_frag(
+                    self.pg1, self.pg0.remote_ip4, in_port, p[layer].sport, data, proto
+                )
             else:
-                pkts = self.create_stream_frag(self.pg1, self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                               p[layer].id, 0, data, proto,
-                                               echo_reply=True)
+                pkts = self.create_stream_frag(
+                    self.pg1,
+                    self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                    p[layer].id,
+                    0,
+                    data,
+                    proto,
+                    echo_reply=True,
+                )
             pkts.reverse()
             self.pg1.add_stream(pkts)
             self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
             self.pg_start()
             frags = self.pg0.get_capture(len(pkts))
-            p = self.reass_frags_and_verify(frags,
-                                            out_addr,
-                                            self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+            p = self.reass_frags_and_verify(frags, out_addr, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
             if proto != IP_PROTOS.icmp:
                 self.assertEqual(p[layer].sport, out_port)
                 self.assertEqual(p[layer].dport, port_in)
@@ -721,9 +786,11 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
 
     def init_tcp_session(self, in_if, out_if, in_port, ext_port):
         # SYN packet in->out
-        p = (Ether(src=in_if.remote_mac, dst=in_if.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=in_if.remote_ip4, dst=out_if.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port, flags="S"))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=in_if.remote_mac, dst=in_if.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=in_if.remote_ip4, dst=out_if.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port, flags="S")
+        )
         in_if.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -732,18 +799,22 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
         out_port = p[TCP].sport
 
         # SYN + ACK packet out->in
-        p = (Ether(src=out_if.remote_mac, dst=out_if.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=out_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=ext_port, dport=out_port, flags="SA"))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=out_if.remote_mac, dst=out_if.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=out_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=ext_port, dport=out_port, flags="SA")
+        )
         out_if.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
         in_if.get_capture(1)
 
         # ACK packet in->out
-        p = (Ether(src=in_if.remote_mac, dst=in_if.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=in_if.remote_ip4, dst=out_if.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port, flags="A"))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=in_if.remote_mac, dst=in_if.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=in_if.remote_ip4, dst=out_if.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port, flags="A")
+        )
         in_if.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -751,9 +822,10 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
 
         return out_port
 
-    def twice_nat_common(self, self_twice_nat=False, same_pg=False, lb=False,
-                         client_id=None):
-        twice_nat_addr = '10.0.1.3'
+    def twice_nat_common(
+        self, self_twice_nat=False, same_pg=False, lb=False, client_id=None
+    ):
+        twice_nat_addr = "10.0.1.3"
 
         port_in = 8080
         if lb:
@@ -780,8 +852,7 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
         else:
             pg1 = self.pg1
 
-        eh_translate = ((not self_twice_nat) or (not lb and same_pg) or
-                        client_id == 1)
+        eh_translate = (not self_twice_nat) or (not lb and same_pg) or client_id == 1
 
         self.nat_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         self.nat_add_address(twice_nat_addr, twice_nat=1)
@@ -793,27 +864,30 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             flags |= self.config_flags.NAT_IS_TWICE_NAT
 
         if not lb:
-            self.nat_add_static_mapping(pg0.remote_ip4, self.nat_addr,
-                                        port_in, port_out,
-                                        proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
-                                        flags=flags)
+            self.nat_add_static_mapping(
+                pg0.remote_ip4,
+                self.nat_addr,
+                port_in,
+                port_out,
+                proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
+                flags=flags,
+            )
         else:
-            locals = [{'addr': server1.ip4,
-                       'port': port_in1,
-                       'probability': 50,
-                       'vrf_id': 0},
-                      {'addr': server2.ip4,
-                       'port': port_in2,
-                       'probability': 50,
-                       'vrf_id': 0}]
+            locals = [
+                {"addr": server1.ip4, "port": port_in1, "probability": 50, "vrf_id": 0},
+                {"addr": server2.ip4, "port": port_in2, "probability": 50, "vrf_id": 0},
+            ]
             out_addr = self.nat_addr
 
-            self.vapi.nat44_add_del_lb_static_mapping(is_add=1, flags=flags,
-                                                      external_addr=out_addr,
-                                                      external_port=port_out,
-                                                      protocol=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
-                                                      local_num=len(locals),
-                                                      locals=locals)
+            self.vapi.nat44_add_del_lb_static_mapping(
+                is_add=1,
+                flags=flags,
+                external_addr=out_addr,
+                external_port=port_out,
+                protocol=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
+                local_num=len(locals),
+                locals=locals,
+            )
         self.nat_add_inside_interface(pg0)
         self.nat_add_outside_interface(pg1)
 
@@ -828,9 +902,11 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
                     client = self.pg0.remote_hosts[1]
         else:
             client = pg1.remote_hosts[0]
-        p = (Ether(src=pg1.remote_mac, dst=pg1.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=client.ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=eh_port_out, dport=port_out))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=pg1.remote_mac, dst=pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=client.ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=eh_port_out, dport=port_out)
+        )
         pg1.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -865,9 +941,11 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:", p))
             raise
 
-        p = (Ether(src=server.mac, dst=pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=server.ip4, dst=eh_addr_in) /
-             TCP(sport=saved_port_in, dport=eh_port_in))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=server.mac, dst=pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=server.ip4, dst=eh_addr_in)
+            / TCP(sport=saved_port_in, dport=eh_port_in)
+        )
         pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -888,24 +966,25 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
         if eh_translate:
             sessions = self.vapi.nat44_user_session_dump(server.ip4, 0)
             self.assertEqual(len(sessions), 1)
-            self.assertTrue(sessions[0].flags &
-                            self.config_flags.NAT_IS_EXT_HOST_VALID)
-            self.assertTrue(sessions[0].flags &
-                            self.config_flags.NAT_IS_TWICE_NAT)
+            self.assertTrue(sessions[0].flags & self.config_flags.NAT_IS_EXT_HOST_VALID)
+            self.assertTrue(sessions[0].flags & self.config_flags.NAT_IS_TWICE_NAT)
             self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show nat44 sessions"))
             self.vapi.nat44_del_session(
                 address=sessions[0].inside_ip_address,
                 port=sessions[0].inside_port,
                 protocol=sessions[0].protocol,
-                flags=(self.config_flags.NAT_IS_INSIDE |
-                       self.config_flags.NAT_IS_EXT_HOST_VALID),
+                flags=(
+                    self.config_flags.NAT_IS_INSIDE
+                    | self.config_flags.NAT_IS_EXT_HOST_VALID
+                ),
                 ext_host_address=sessions[0].ext_host_nat_address,
-                ext_host_port=sessions[0].ext_host_nat_port)
+                ext_host_port=sessions[0].ext_host_nat_port,
+            )
             sessions = self.vapi.nat44_user_session_dump(server.ip4, 0)
             self.assertEqual(len(sessions), 0)
 
     def verify_syslog_sess(self, data, msgid, is_ip6=False):
-        message = data.decode('utf-8')
+        message = data.decode("utf-8")
         try:
             message = SyslogMessage.parse(message)
         except ParseError as e:
@@ -913,29 +992,28 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             raise
         else:
             self.assertEqual(message.severity, SyslogSeverity.info)
-            self.assertEqual(message.appname, 'NAT')
+            self.assertEqual(message.appname, "NAT")
             self.assertEqual(message.msgid, msgid)
-            sd_params = message.sd.get('nsess')
+            sd_params = message.sd.get("nsess")
             self.assertTrue(sd_params is not None)
             if is_ip6:
-                self.assertEqual(sd_params.get('IATYP'), 'IPv6')
-                self.assertEqual(sd_params.get('ISADDR'), self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+                self.assertEqual(sd_params.get("IATYP"), "IPv6")
+                self.assertEqual(sd_params.get("ISADDR"), self.pg0.remote_ip6)
             else:
-                self.assertEqual(sd_params.get('IATYP'), 'IPv4')
-                self.assertEqual(sd_params.get('ISADDR'), self.pg0.remote_ip4)
-                self.assertTrue(sd_params.get('SSUBIX') is not None)
-            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get('ISPORT'), "%d" % self.tcp_port_in)
-            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get('XATYP'), 'IPv4')
-            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get('XSADDR'), self.nat_addr)
-            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get('XSPORT'), "%d" % self.tcp_port_out)
-            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get('PROTO'), "%d" % IP_PROTOS.tcp)
-            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get('SVLAN'), '0')
-            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get('XDADDR'), self.pg1.remote_ip4)
-            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get('XDPORT'),
-                             "%d" % self.tcp_external_port)
+                self.assertEqual(sd_params.get("IATYP"), "IPv4")
+                self.assertEqual(sd_params.get("ISADDR"), self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+                self.assertTrue(sd_params.get("SSUBIX") is not None)
+            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get("ISPORT"), "%d" % self.tcp_port_in)
+            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get("XATYP"), "IPv4")
+            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get("XSADDR"), self.nat_addr)
+            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get("XSPORT"), "%d" % self.tcp_port_out)
+            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get("PROTO"), "%d" % IP_PROTOS.tcp)
+            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get("SVLAN"), "0")
+            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get("XDADDR"), self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get("XDPORT"), "%d" % self.tcp_external_port)
 
     def test_icmp_error(self):
-        """ NAT44ED test ICMP error message with inner header"""
+        """NAT44ED test ICMP error message with inner header"""
 
         payload = "H" * 10
 
@@ -944,25 +1022,31 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
         self.nat_add_outside_interface(self.pg1)
 
         # in2out (initiate connection)
-        p1 = [Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-              IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-              UDP(sport=21, dport=20) / payload,
-              Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-              IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-              TCP(sport=21, dport=20, flags="S") / payload,
-              Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-              IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-              ICMP(type='echo-request', id=7777) / payload,
-              ]
+        p1 = [
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=21, dport=20)
+            / payload,
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=21, dport=20, flags="S")
+            / payload,
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / ICMP(type="echo-request", id=7777)
+            / payload,
+        ]
 
         capture = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p1, self.pg1)
 
         # out2in (send error message)
-        p2 = [Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-              IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-              ICMP(type='dest-unreach', code='port-unreachable') /
-              c[IP:]
-              for c in capture]
+        p2 = [
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / ICMP(type="dest-unreach", code="port-unreachable")
+            / c[IP:]
+            for c in capture
+        ]
 
         capture = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p2, self.pg0)
 
@@ -971,20 +1055,21 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
                 assert c[IP].dst == self.pg0.remote_ip4
                 assert c[IPerror].src == self.pg0.remote_ip4
             except AssertionError as a:
-                raise AssertionError(
-                    f"Packet {pr(c)} not translated properly") from a
+                raise AssertionError(f"Packet {pr(c)} not translated properly") from a
 
     def test_icmp_echo_reply_trailer(self):
-        """ ICMP echo reply with ethernet trailer"""
+        """ICMP echo reply with ethernet trailer"""
 
         self.nat_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         self.nat_add_inside_interface(self.pg0)
         self.nat_add_outside_interface(self.pg1)
 
         # in2out
-        p1 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-              IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-              ICMP(type=8, id=0xabcd, seq=0))
+        p1 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / ICMP(type=8, id=0xABCD, seq=0)
+        )
 
         self.pg0.add_stream(p1)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -994,9 +1079,11 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.debug(self.vapi.cli("show trace"))
 
         # out2in
-        p2 = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-              IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr, id=0xee59) /
-              ICMP(type=0, id=c[ICMP].id, seq=0))
+        p2 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr, id=0xEE59)
+            / ICMP(type=0, id=c[ICMP].id, seq=0)
+        )
 
         # force checksum calculation
         p2 = p2.__class__(bytes(p2))
@@ -1019,7 +1106,7 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
         self.pg0.get_capture(1)
 
     def test_users_dump(self):
-        """ NAT44ED API test - nat44_user_dump """
+        """NAT44ED API test - nat44_user_dump"""
 
         self.nat_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         self.nat_add_inside_interface(self.pg0)
@@ -1061,9 +1148,9 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
         host0 = self.pg0.remote_hosts[0]
         self.pg0.remote_hosts[0] = self.pg0.remote_hosts[1]
         try:
-            pkts = self.create_stream_out(self.pg1,
-                                          dst_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                          use_inside_ports=True)
+            pkts = self.create_stream_out(
+                self.pg1, dst_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip4, use_inside_ports=True
+            )
             self.pg1.add_stream(pkts)
             self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
             self.pg_start()
@@ -1075,8 +1162,7 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
             self.pg_start()
             capture = self.pg1.get_capture(len(pkts))
-            self.verify_capture_out(capture, nat_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                    same_port=True)
+            self.verify_capture_out(capture, nat_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip4, same_port=True)
         finally:
             self.pg0.remote_hosts[0] = host0
 
@@ -1107,14 +1193,14 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(non_static_user.nsessions, 3)
 
     def test_frag_out_of_order_do_not_translate(self):
-        """ NAT44ED don't translate fragments arriving out of order """
+        """NAT44ED don't translate fragments arriving out of order"""
         self.nat_add_inside_interface(self.pg0)
         self.nat_add_outside_interface(self.pg1)
         self.vapi.nat44_forwarding_enable_disable(enable=True)
         self.frag_out_of_order(proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp, dont_translate=True)
 
     def test_forwarding(self):
-        """ NAT44ED forwarding test """
+        """NAT44ED forwarding test"""
 
         self.nat_add_inside_interface(self.pg0)
         self.nat_add_outside_interface(self.pg1)
@@ -1123,11 +1209,13 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
         real_ip = self.pg0.remote_ip4
         alias_ip = self.nat_addr
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_ADDR_ONLY
-        self.vapi.nat44_add_del_static_mapping(is_add=1,
-                                               local_ip_address=real_ip,
-                                               external_ip_address=alias_ip,
-                                               external_sw_if_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
-                                               flags=flags)
+        self.vapi.nat44_add_del_static_mapping(
+            is_add=1,
+            local_ip_address=real_ip,
+            external_ip_address=alias_ip,
+            external_sw_if_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
+            flags=flags,
+        )
 
         try:
             # in2out - static mapping match
@@ -1151,9 +1239,9 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             host0 = self.pg0.remote_hosts[0]
             self.pg0.remote_hosts[0] = self.pg0.remote_hosts[1]
             try:
-                pkts = self.create_stream_out(self.pg1,
-                                              dst_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                              use_inside_ports=True)
+                pkts = self.create_stream_out(
+                    self.pg1, dst_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip4, use_inside_ports=True
+                )
                 self.pg1.add_stream(pkts)
                 self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
                 self.pg_start()
@@ -1165,24 +1253,27 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
                 self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
                 self.pg_start()
                 capture = self.pg1.get_capture(len(pkts))
-                self.verify_capture_out(capture, nat_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                        same_port=True)
+                self.verify_capture_out(
+                    capture, nat_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip4, same_port=True
+                )
             finally:
                 self.pg0.remote_hosts[0] = host0
 
             user = self.pg0.remote_hosts[1]
             sessions = self.vapi.nat44_user_session_dump(user.ip4, 0)
             self.assertEqual(len(sessions), 3)
-            self.assertTrue(sessions[0].flags &
-                            self.config_flags.NAT_IS_EXT_HOST_VALID)
+            self.assertTrue(sessions[0].flags & self.config_flags.NAT_IS_EXT_HOST_VALID)
             self.vapi.nat44_del_session(
                 address=sessions[0].inside_ip_address,
                 port=sessions[0].inside_port,
                 protocol=sessions[0].protocol,
-                flags=(self.config_flags.NAT_IS_INSIDE |
-                       self.config_flags.NAT_IS_EXT_HOST_VALID),
+                flags=(
+                    self.config_flags.NAT_IS_INSIDE
+                    | self.config_flags.NAT_IS_EXT_HOST_VALID
+                ),
                 ext_host_address=sessions[0].ext_host_address,
-                ext_host_port=sessions[0].ext_host_port)
+                ext_host_port=sessions[0].ext_host_port,
+            )
             sessions = self.vapi.nat44_user_session_dump(user.ip4, 0)
             self.assertEqual(len(sessions), 2)
 
@@ -1194,16 +1285,17 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
                 local_ip_address=real_ip,
                 external_ip_address=alias_ip,
                 external_sw_if_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
-                flags=flags)
+                flags=flags,
+            )
 
     def test_output_feature_and_service2(self):
-        """ NAT44ED interface output feature and service host direct access """
+        """NAT44ED interface output feature and service host direct access"""
         self.vapi.nat44_forwarding_enable_disable(enable=1)
         self.nat_add_address(self.nat_addr)
 
         self.vapi.nat44_ed_add_del_output_interface(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
         # session initiated from service host - translate
         pkts = self.create_stream_in(self.pg0, self.pg1)
@@ -1230,9 +1322,9 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
         self.icmp_id_in = 60305
 
         try:
-            pkts = self.create_stream_out(self.pg1,
-                                          self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                          use_inside_ports=True)
+            pkts = self.create_stream_out(
+                self.pg1, self.pg0.remote_ip4, use_inside_ports=True
+            )
             self.pg1.add_stream(pkts)
             self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
             self.pg_start()
@@ -1244,40 +1336,37 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
             self.pg_start()
             capture = self.pg1.get_capture(len(pkts))
-            self.verify_capture_out(capture, nat_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                    same_port=True)
+            self.verify_capture_out(capture, nat_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip4, same_port=True)
         finally:
             self.tcp_port_in = tcp_port_in
             self.udp_port_in = udp_port_in
             self.icmp_id_in = icmp_id_in
 
     def test_twice_nat(self):
-        """ NAT44ED Twice NAT """
+        """NAT44ED Twice NAT"""
         self.twice_nat_common()
 
     def test_self_twice_nat_positive(self):
-        """ NAT44ED Self Twice NAT (positive test) """
+        """NAT44ED Self Twice NAT (positive test)"""
         self.twice_nat_common(self_twice_nat=True, same_pg=True)
 
     def test_self_twice_nat_lb_positive(self):
-        """ NAT44ED Self Twice NAT local service load balancing (positive test)
-        """
-        self.twice_nat_common(lb=True, self_twice_nat=True, same_pg=True,
-                              client_id=1)
+        """NAT44ED Self Twice NAT local service load balancing (positive test)"""
+        self.twice_nat_common(lb=True, self_twice_nat=True, same_pg=True, client_id=1)
 
     def test_twice_nat_lb(self):
-        """ NAT44ED Twice NAT local service load balancing """
+        """NAT44ED Twice NAT local service load balancing"""
         self.twice_nat_common(lb=True)
 
     def test_output_feature(self):
-        """ NAT44ED interface output feature (in2out postrouting) """
+        """NAT44ED interface output feature (in2out postrouting)"""
         self.vapi.nat44_forwarding_enable_disable(enable=1)
         self.nat_add_address(self.nat_addr)
 
         self.nat_add_outside_interface(self.pg0)
         self.vapi.nat44_ed_add_del_output_interface(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
         # in2out
         pkts = self.create_stream_in(self.pg0, self.pg1)
@@ -1323,24 +1412,31 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(p[ICMP].type, 11)  # 11 == time-exceeded
 
     def test_static_with_port_out2(self):
-        """ NAT44ED 1:1 NAPT asymmetrical rule """
+        """NAT44ED 1:1 NAPT asymmetrical rule"""
 
         external_port = 80
         local_port = 8080
 
         self.vapi.nat44_forwarding_enable_disable(enable=1)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_OUT2IN_ONLY
-        self.nat_add_static_mapping(self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.nat_addr,
-                                    local_port, external_port,
-                                    proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp, flags=flags)
+        self.nat_add_static_mapping(
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            self.nat_addr,
+            local_port,
+            external_port,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
+            flags=flags,
+        )
 
         self.nat_add_inside_interface(self.pg0)
         self.nat_add_outside_interface(self.pg1)
 
         # from client to service
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=12345, dport=external_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=12345, dport=external_port)
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1357,9 +1453,12 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             raise
 
         # ICMP error
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             ICMP(type=11) / capture[0][IP])
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / ICMP(type=11)
+            / capture[0][IP]
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1375,9 +1474,11 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             raise
 
         # from service back to client
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=local_port, dport=12345))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=local_port, dport=12345)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1394,9 +1495,12 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             raise
 
         # ICMP error
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             ICMP(type=11) / capture[0][IP])
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / ICMP(type=11)
+            / capture[0][IP]
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1412,9 +1516,11 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             raise
 
         # from client to server (no translation)
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=12346, dport=local_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=12346, dport=local_port)
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1431,9 +1537,11 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             raise
 
         # from service back to client (no translation)
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=local_port, dport=12346))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=local_port, dport=12346)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1450,21 +1558,17 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             raise
 
     def test_static_lb(self):
-        """ NAT44ED local service load balancing """
+        """NAT44ED local service load balancing"""
         external_addr_n = self.nat_addr
         external_port = 80
         local_port = 8080
         server1 = self.pg0.remote_hosts[0]
         server2 = self.pg0.remote_hosts[1]
 
-        locals = [{'addr': server1.ip4,
-                   'port': local_port,
-                   'probability': 70,
-                   'vrf_id': 0},
-                  {'addr': server2.ip4,
-                   'port': local_port,
-                   'probability': 30,
-                   'vrf_id': 0}]
+        locals = [
+            {"addr": server1.ip4, "port": local_port, "probability": 70, "vrf_id": 0},
+            {"addr": server2.ip4, "port": local_port, "probability": 30, "vrf_id": 0},
+        ]
 
         self.nat_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         self.vapi.nat44_add_del_lb_static_mapping(
@@ -1473,19 +1577,22 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             external_port=external_port,
             protocol=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
             local_num=len(locals),
-            locals=locals)
+            locals=locals,
+        )
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
         # from client to service
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=12345, dport=external_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=12345, dport=external_port)
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1507,9 +1614,11 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             raise
 
         # from service back to client
-        p = (Ether(src=server.mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=server.ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=local_port, dport=12345))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=server.mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=server.ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=local_port, dport=12345)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1527,56 +1636,59 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
 
         sessions = self.vapi.nat44_user_session_dump(server.ip4, 0)
         self.assertEqual(len(sessions), 1)
-        self.assertTrue(sessions[0].flags &
-                        self.config_flags.NAT_IS_EXT_HOST_VALID)
+        self.assertTrue(sessions[0].flags & self.config_flags.NAT_IS_EXT_HOST_VALID)
         self.vapi.nat44_del_session(
             address=sessions[0].inside_ip_address,
             port=sessions[0].inside_port,
             protocol=sessions[0].protocol,
-            flags=(self.config_flags.NAT_IS_INSIDE |
-                   self.config_flags.NAT_IS_EXT_HOST_VALID),
+            flags=(
+                self.config_flags.NAT_IS_INSIDE
+                | self.config_flags.NAT_IS_EXT_HOST_VALID
+            ),
             ext_host_address=sessions[0].ext_host_address,
-            ext_host_port=sessions[0].ext_host_port)
+            ext_host_port=sessions[0].ext_host_port,
+        )
         sessions = self.vapi.nat44_user_session_dump(server.ip4, 0)
         self.assertEqual(len(sessions), 0)
 
     def test_static_lb_2(self):
-        """ NAT44ED local service load balancing (asymmetrical rule) """
+        """NAT44ED local service load balancing (asymmetrical rule)"""
         external_addr = self.nat_addr
         external_port = 80
         local_port = 8080
         server1 = self.pg0.remote_hosts[0]
         server2 = self.pg0.remote_hosts[1]
 
-        locals = [{'addr': server1.ip4,
-                   'port': local_port,
-                   'probability': 70,
-                   'vrf_id': 0},
-                  {'addr': server2.ip4,
-                   'port': local_port,
-                   'probability': 30,
-                   'vrf_id': 0}]
+        locals = [
+            {"addr": server1.ip4, "port": local_port, "probability": 70, "vrf_id": 0},
+            {"addr": server2.ip4, "port": local_port, "probability": 30, "vrf_id": 0},
+        ]
 
         self.vapi.nat44_forwarding_enable_disable(enable=1)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_OUT2IN_ONLY
-        self.vapi.nat44_add_del_lb_static_mapping(is_add=1, flags=flags,
-                                                  external_addr=external_addr,
-                                                  external_port=external_port,
-                                                  protocol=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
-                                                  local_num=len(locals),
-                                                  locals=locals)
+        self.vapi.nat44_add_del_lb_static_mapping(
+            is_add=1,
+            flags=flags,
+            external_addr=external_addr,
+            external_port=external_port,
+            protocol=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
+            local_num=len(locals),
+            locals=locals,
+        )
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
         # from client to service
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=12345, dport=external_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=12345, dport=external_port)
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1598,9 +1710,11 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             raise
 
         # from service back to client
-        p = (Ether(src=server.mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=server.ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=local_port, dport=12345))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=server.mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=server.ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=local_port, dport=12345)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1617,9 +1731,11 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             raise
 
         # from client to server (no translation)
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=server1.ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=12346, dport=local_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=server1.ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=12346, dport=local_port)
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1637,9 +1753,11 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             raise
 
         # from service back to client (no translation)
-        p = (Ether(src=server1.mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=server1.ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=local_port, dport=12346))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=server1.mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=server1.ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=local_port, dport=12346)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1656,41 +1774,41 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             raise
 
     def test_lb_affinity(self):
-        """ NAT44ED local service load balancing affinity """
+        """NAT44ED local service load balancing affinity"""
         external_addr = self.nat_addr
         external_port = 80
         local_port = 8080
         server1 = self.pg0.remote_hosts[0]
         server2 = self.pg0.remote_hosts[1]
 
-        locals = [{'addr': server1.ip4,
-                   'port': local_port,
-                   'probability': 50,
-                   'vrf_id': 0},
-                  {'addr': server2.ip4,
-                   'port': local_port,
-                   'probability': 50,
-                   'vrf_id': 0}]
+        locals = [
+            {"addr": server1.ip4, "port": local_port, "probability": 50, "vrf_id": 0},
+            {"addr": server2.ip4, "port": local_port, "probability": 50, "vrf_id": 0},
+        ]
 
         self.nat_add_address(self.nat_addr)
-        self.vapi.nat44_add_del_lb_static_mapping(is_add=1,
-                                                  external_addr=external_addr,
-                                                  external_port=external_port,
-                                                  protocol=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
-                                                  affinity=10800,
-                                                  local_num=len(locals),
-                                                  locals=locals)
+        self.vapi.nat44_add_del_lb_static_mapping(
+            is_add=1,
+            external_addr=external_addr,
+            external_port=external_port,
+            protocol=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
+            affinity=10800,
+            local_num=len(locals),
+            locals=locals,
+        )
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=1025, dport=external_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=1025, dport=external_port)
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1699,22 +1817,26 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
 
         sessions = self.vapi.nat44_user_session_dump(backend, 0)
         self.assertEqual(len(sessions), 1)
-        self.assertTrue(sessions[0].flags &
-                        self.config_flags.NAT_IS_EXT_HOST_VALID)
+        self.assertTrue(sessions[0].flags & self.config_flags.NAT_IS_EXT_HOST_VALID)
         self.vapi.nat44_del_session(
             address=sessions[0].inside_ip_address,
             port=sessions[0].inside_port,
             protocol=sessions[0].protocol,
-            flags=(self.config_flags.NAT_IS_INSIDE |
-                   self.config_flags.NAT_IS_EXT_HOST_VALID),
+            flags=(
+                self.config_flags.NAT_IS_INSIDE
+                | self.config_flags.NAT_IS_EXT_HOST_VALID
+            ),
             ext_host_address=sessions[0].ext_host_address,
-            ext_host_port=sessions[0].ext_host_port)
+            ext_host_port=sessions[0].ext_host_port,
+        )
 
         pkts = []
         for port in range(1030, 1100):
-            p = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-                 TCP(sport=port, dport=external_port))
+            p = (
+                Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+                / TCP(sport=port, dport=external_port)
+            )
             pkts.append(p)
         self.pg1.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -1724,31 +1846,39 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(p[IP].dst, backend)
 
     def test_multiple_vrf_1(self):
-        """ Multiple VRF - both client & service in VRF1 """
+        """Multiple VRF - both client & service in VRF1"""
 
-        external_addr = '1.2.3.4'
+        external_addr = "1.2.3.4"
         external_port = 80
         local_port = 8080
         port = 0
 
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg5.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg5.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg5.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1, flags=flags)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg5.sw_if_index, is_add=1, flags=flags
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg6.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg6.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_OUT2IN_ONLY
-        self.nat_add_static_mapping(self.pg5.remote_ip4, external_addr,
-                                    local_port, external_port, vrf_id=1,
-                                    proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp, flags=flags)
+        self.nat_add_static_mapping(
+            self.pg5.remote_ip4,
+            external_addr,
+            local_port,
+            external_port,
+            vrf_id=1,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
+            flags=flags,
+        )
 
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg6.remote_mac, dst=self.pg6.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg6.remote_ip4, dst=external_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=12345, dport=external_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg6.remote_mac, dst=self.pg6.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg6.remote_ip4, dst=external_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=12345, dport=external_port)
+        )
         self.pg6.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1764,9 +1894,11 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:", p))
             raise
 
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg5.remote_mac, dst=self.pg5.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg5.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg6.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=local_port, dport=12345))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg5.remote_mac, dst=self.pg5.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg5.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg6.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=local_port, dport=12345)
+        )
         self.pg5.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1783,9 +1915,9 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             raise
 
     def test_multiple_vrf_2(self):
-        """ Multiple VRF - dynamic NAT from VRF1 to VRF0 (output-feature) """
+        """Multiple VRF - dynamic NAT from VRF1 to VRF0 (output-feature)"""
 
-        external_addr = '1.2.3.4'
+        external_addr = "1.2.3.4"
         external_port = 80
         local_port = 8080
         port = 0
@@ -1793,22 +1925,30 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
         self.nat_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ed_add_del_output_interface(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg5.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg5.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg5.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1, flags=flags)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg5.sw_if_index, is_add=1, flags=flags
+        )
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_OUT2IN_ONLY
-        self.nat_add_static_mapping(self.pg5.remote_ip4, external_addr,
-                                    local_port, external_port, vrf_id=1,
-                                    proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp, flags=flags)
+        self.nat_add_static_mapping(
+            self.pg5.remote_ip4,
+            external_addr,
+            local_port,
+            external_port,
+            vrf_id=1,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
+            flags=flags,
+        )
 
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg5.remote_mac, dst=self.pg5.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg5.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=2345, dport=22))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg5.remote_mac, dst=self.pg5.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg5.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=2345, dport=22)
+        )
         self.pg5.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1824,9 +1964,11 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:", p))
             raise
 
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=22, dport=port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=22, dport=port)
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1843,23 +1985,23 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             raise
 
     def test_multiple_vrf_3(self):
-        """ Multiple VRF - client in VRF1, service in VRF0 """
+        """Multiple VRF - client in VRF1, service in VRF0"""
 
-        external_addr = '1.2.3.4'
+        external_addr = "1.2.3.4"
         external_port = 80
         local_port = 8080
         port = 0
 
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1, flags=flags)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, is_add=1, flags=flags
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg6.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg6.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_OUT2IN_ONLY
         self.nat_add_static_mapping(
             self.pg0.remote_ip4,
@@ -1868,13 +2010,15 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             vrf_id=0,
             external_port=external_port,
             proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
-            flags=flags
+            flags=flags,
         )
 
         # from client VRF1 to service VRF0
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg6.remote_mac, dst=self.pg6.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg6.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=12346, dport=external_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg6.remote_mac, dst=self.pg6.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg6.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=12346, dport=external_port)
+        )
         self.pg6.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1891,9 +2035,11 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             raise
 
         # from service VRF0 back to client VRF1
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg6.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=local_port, dport=12346))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg6.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=local_port, dport=12346)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1910,35 +2056,43 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             raise
 
     def test_multiple_vrf_4(self):
-        """ Multiple VRF - client in VRF0, service in VRF1 """
+        """Multiple VRF - client in VRF0, service in VRF1"""
 
-        external_addr = '1.2.3.4'
+        external_addr = "1.2.3.4"
         external_port = 80
         local_port = 8080
         port = 0
 
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1, flags=flags)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, is_add=1, flags=flags
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg5.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg5.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg5.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1, flags=flags)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg5.sw_if_index, is_add=1, flags=flags
+        )
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_OUT2IN_ONLY
-        self.nat_add_static_mapping(self.pg5.remote_ip4, external_addr,
-                                    local_port, external_port, vrf_id=1,
-                                    proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp, flags=flags)
+        self.nat_add_static_mapping(
+            self.pg5.remote_ip4,
+            external_addr,
+            local_port,
+            external_port,
+            vrf_id=1,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
+            flags=flags,
+        )
 
         # from client VRF0 to service VRF1
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=external_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=12347, dport=external_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=external_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=12347, dport=external_port)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1955,9 +2109,11 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             raise
 
         # from service VRF1 back to client VRF0
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg5.remote_mac, dst=self.pg5.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg5.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=local_port, dport=12347))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg5.remote_mac, dst=self.pg5.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg5.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=local_port, dport=12347)
+        )
         self.pg5.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1974,9 +2130,9 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             raise
 
     def test_multiple_vrf_5(self):
-        """ Multiple VRF - forwarding - no translation """
+        """Multiple VRF - forwarding - no translation"""
 
-        external_addr = '1.2.3.4'
+        external_addr = "1.2.3.4"
         external_port = 80
         local_port = 8080
         port = 0
@@ -1984,24 +2140,30 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
         self.vapi.nat44_forwarding_enable_disable(enable=1)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1, flags=flags)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, is_add=1, flags=flags
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg5.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg5.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg5.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1, flags=flags)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg5.sw_if_index, is_add=1, flags=flags
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg6.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg6.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_OUT2IN_ONLY
-        self.nat_add_static_mapping(self.pg5.remote_ip4, external_addr,
-                                    local_port, external_port, vrf_id=1,
-                                    proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp, flags=flags)
+        self.nat_add_static_mapping(
+            self.pg5.remote_ip4,
+            external_addr,
+            local_port,
+            external_port,
+            vrf_id=1,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
+            flags=flags,
+        )
         self.nat_add_static_mapping(
             self.pg0.remote_ip4,
             external_sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
@@ -2009,13 +2171,15 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             vrf_id=0,
             external_port=external_port,
             proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
-            flags=flags
+            flags=flags,
         )
 
         # from client to server (both VRF1, no translation)
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg6.remote_mac, dst=self.pg6.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg6.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg5.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=12348, dport=local_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg6.remote_mac, dst=self.pg6.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg6.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg5.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=12348, dport=local_port)
+        )
         self.pg6.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -2032,9 +2196,11 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             raise
 
         # from server back to client (both VRF1, no translation)
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg5.remote_mac, dst=self.pg5.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg5.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg6.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=local_port, dport=12348))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg5.remote_mac, dst=self.pg5.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg5.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg6.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=local_port, dport=12348)
+        )
         self.pg5.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -2051,9 +2217,11 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             raise
 
         # from client VRF1 to server VRF0 (no translation)
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg6.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=local_port, dport=12349))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg6.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=local_port, dport=12349)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -2070,9 +2238,11 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             raise
 
         # from server VRF0 back to client VRF1 (no translation)
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg6.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=local_port, dport=12349))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg6.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=local_port, dport=12349)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -2089,9 +2259,11 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             raise
 
         # from client VRF0 to server VRF1 (no translation)
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg5.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=12344, dport=local_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg5.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=12344, dport=local_port)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -2108,9 +2280,11 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             raise
 
         # from server VRF1 back to client VRF0 (no translation)
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg5.remote_mac, dst=self.pg5.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg5.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=local_port, dport=12344))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg5.remote_mac, dst=self.pg5.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg5.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=local_port, dport=12344)
+        )
         self.pg5.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -2127,7 +2301,7 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             raise
 
     def test_outside_address_distribution(self):
-        """ Outside address distribution based on source address """
+        """Outside address distribution based on source address"""
 
         x = 100
         nat_addresses = []
@@ -2142,7 +2316,10 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
         self.vapi.nat44_add_del_address_range(
             first_ip_address=nat_addresses[0],
             last_ip_address=nat_addresses[-1],
-            vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF, is_add=1, flags=0)
+            vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF,
+            is_add=1,
+            flags=0,
+        )
 
         self.pg0.generate_remote_hosts(x)
 
@@ -2150,11 +2327,12 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
         for i in range(x):
             info = self.create_packet_info(self.pg0, self.pg1)
             payload = self.info_to_payload(info)
-            p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg0.remote_hosts[i].ip4,
-                     dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=7000+i, dport=8000+i) /
-                 Raw(payload))
+            p = (
+                Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_hosts[i].ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=7000 + i, dport=8000 + i)
+                / Raw(payload)
+            )
             info.data = p
             pkts.append(p)
 
@@ -2172,20 +2350,23 @@ class TestNAT44ED(VppTestCase):
             packed = socket.inet_aton(p_sent[IP].src)
             numeric = struct.unpack("!L", packed)[0]
             numeric = socket.htonl(numeric)
-            a = nat_addresses[(numeric-1) % len(nat_addresses)]
+            a = nat_addresses[(numeric - 1) % len(nat_addresses)]
             self.assertEqual(
-                a, p_recvd[IP].src,
+                a,
+                p_recvd[IP].src,
                 "Invalid packet (src IP %s translated to %s, but expected %s)"
-                % (p_sent[IP].src, p_recvd[IP].src, a))
+                % (p_sent[IP].src, p_recvd[IP].src, a),
+            )
 
 
 class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
-    """ NAT44ED MW Test Case """
+    """NAT44ED MW Test Case"""
+
     vpp_worker_count = 4
     max_sessions = 5000
 
     def test_dynamic(self):
-        """ NAT44ED dynamic translation test """
+        """NAT44ED dynamic translation test"""
         pkt_count = 1500
         tcp_port_offset = 20
         udp_port_offset = 20
@@ -2196,27 +2377,33 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
         self.nat_add_outside_interface(self.pg1)
 
         # in2out
-        tc1 = self.statistics['/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/tcp']
-        uc1 = self.statistics['/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/udp']
-        ic1 = self.statistics['/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/icmp']
-        dc1 = self.statistics['/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/drops']
+        tc1 = self.statistics["/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/tcp"]
+        uc1 = self.statistics["/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/udp"]
+        ic1 = self.statistics["/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/icmp"]
+        dc1 = self.statistics["/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/drops"]
 
         i2o_pkts = [[] for x in range(0, self.vpp_worker_count)]
 
         for i in range(pkt_count):
-            p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-                 TCP(sport=tcp_port_offset + i, dport=20))
+            p = (
+                Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+                / TCP(sport=tcp_port_offset + i, dport=20)
+            )
             i2o_pkts[p[TCP].sport % self.vpp_worker_count].append(p)
 
-            p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=udp_port_offset + i, dport=20))
+            p = (
+                Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=udp_port_offset + i, dport=20)
+            )
             i2o_pkts[p[UDP].sport % self.vpp_worker_count].append(p)
 
-            p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-                 ICMP(id=icmp_id_offset + i, type='echo-request'))
+            p = (
+                Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+                / ICMP(id=icmp_id_offset + i, type="echo-request")
+            )
             i2o_pkts[p[ICMP].id % self.vpp_worker_count].append(p)
 
         for i in range(0, self.vpp_worker_count):
@@ -2228,26 +2415,23 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
         capture = self.pg1.get_capture(pkt_count * 3, timeout=5)
 
         if_idx = self.pg0.sw_if_index
-        tc2 = self.statistics['/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/tcp']
-        uc2 = self.statistics['/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/udp']
-        ic2 = self.statistics['/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/icmp']
-        dc2 = self.statistics['/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/drops']
+        tc2 = self.statistics["/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/tcp"]
+        uc2 = self.statistics["/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/udp"]
+        ic2 = self.statistics["/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/icmp"]
+        dc2 = self.statistics["/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/drops"]
 
-        self.assertEqual(
-            tc2[:, if_idx].sum() - tc1[:, if_idx].sum(), pkt_count)
-        self.assertEqual(
-            uc2[:, if_idx].sum() - uc1[:, if_idx].sum(), pkt_count)
-        self.assertEqual(
-            ic2[:, if_idx].sum() - ic1[:, if_idx].sum(), pkt_count)
+        self.assertEqual(tc2[:, if_idx].sum() - tc1[:, if_idx].sum(), pkt_count)
+        self.assertEqual(uc2[:, if_idx].sum() - uc1[:, if_idx].sum(), pkt_count)
+        self.assertEqual(ic2[:, if_idx].sum() - ic1[:, if_idx].sum(), pkt_count)
         self.assertEqual(dc2[:, if_idx].sum() - dc1[:, if_idx].sum(), 0)
 
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show trace"))
 
         # out2in
-        tc1 = self.statistics['/nat44-ed/out2in/fastpath/tcp']
-        uc1 = self.statistics['/nat44-ed/out2in/fastpath/udp']
-        ic1 = self.statistics['/nat44-ed/out2in/fastpath/icmp']
-        dc1 = self.statistics['/nat44-ed/out2in/fastpath/drops']
+        tc1 = self.statistics["/nat44-ed/out2in/fastpath/tcp"]
+        uc1 = self.statistics["/nat44-ed/out2in/fastpath/udp"]
+        ic1 = self.statistics["/nat44-ed/out2in/fastpath/icmp"]
+        dc1 = self.statistics["/nat44-ed/out2in/fastpath/drops"]
 
         recvd_tcp_ports = set()
         recvd_udp_ports = set()
@@ -2267,19 +2451,25 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
 
         o2i_pkts = [[] for x in range(0, self.vpp_worker_count)]
         for i in range(pkt_count):
-            p = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-                 TCP(dport=choice(recvd_tcp_ports), sport=20))
+            p = (
+                Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+                / TCP(dport=choice(recvd_tcp_ports), sport=20)
+            )
             o2i_pkts[p[TCP].dport % self.vpp_worker_count].append(p)
 
-            p = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-                 UDP(dport=choice(recvd_udp_ports), sport=20))
+            p = (
+                Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+                / UDP(dport=choice(recvd_udp_ports), sport=20)
+            )
             o2i_pkts[p[UDP].dport % self.vpp_worker_count].append(p)
 
-            p = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-                 ICMP(id=choice(recvd_icmp_ids), type='echo-reply'))
+            p = (
+                Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+                / ICMP(id=choice(recvd_icmp_ids), type="echo-reply")
+            )
             o2i_pkts[p[ICMP].id % self.vpp_worker_count].append(p)
 
         for i in range(0, self.vpp_worker_count):
@@ -2295,41 +2485,50 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
                 self.assertEqual(packet[IP].dst, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
                 if packet.haslayer(TCP):
                     self.assert_in_range(
-                        packet[TCP].dport, tcp_port_offset,
-                        tcp_port_offset + pkt_count, "dst TCP port")
+                        packet[TCP].dport,
+                        tcp_port_offset,
+                        tcp_port_offset + pkt_count,
+                        "dst TCP port",
+                    )
                 elif packet.haslayer(UDP):
                     self.assert_in_range(
-                        packet[UDP].dport, udp_port_offset,
-                        udp_port_offset + pkt_count, "dst UDP port")
+                        packet[UDP].dport,
+                        udp_port_offset,
+                        udp_port_offset + pkt_count,
+                        "dst UDP port",
+                    )
                 else:
                     self.assert_in_range(
-                        packet[ICMP].id, icmp_id_offset,
-                        icmp_id_offset + pkt_count, "ICMP id")
+                        packet[ICMP].id,
+                        icmp_id_offset,
+                        icmp_id_offset + pkt_count,
+                        "ICMP id",
+                    )
             except:
-                self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet "
-                                      "(inside network):", packet))
+                self.logger.error(
+                    ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet (inside network):", packet)
+                )
                 raise
 
         if_idx = self.pg1.sw_if_index
-        tc2 = self.statistics['/nat44-ed/out2in/fastpath/tcp']
-        uc2 = self.statistics['/nat44-ed/out2in/fastpath/udp']
-        ic2 = self.statistics['/nat44-ed/out2in/fastpath/icmp']
-        dc2 = self.statistics['/nat44-ed/out2in/fastpath/drops']
+        tc2 = self.statistics["/nat44-ed/out2in/fastpath/tcp"]
+        uc2 = self.statistics["/nat44-ed/out2in/fastpath/udp"]
+        ic2 = self.statistics["/nat44-ed/out2in/fastpath/icmp"]
+        dc2 = self.statistics["/nat44-ed/out2in/fastpath/drops"]
 
-        self.assertEqual(
-            tc2[:, if_idx].sum() - tc1[:, if_idx].sum(), pkt_count)
-        self.assertEqual(
-            uc2[:, if_idx].sum() - uc1[:, if_idx].sum(), pkt_count)
-        self.assertEqual(
-            ic2[:, if_idx].sum() - ic1[:, if_idx].sum(), pkt_count)
+        self.assertEqual(tc2[:, if_idx].sum() - tc1[:, if_idx].sum(), pkt_count)
+        self.assertEqual(uc2[:, if_idx].sum() - uc1[:, if_idx].sum(), pkt_count)
+        self.assertEqual(ic2[:, if_idx].sum() - ic1[:, if_idx].sum(), pkt_count)
         self.assertEqual(dc2[:, if_idx].sum() - dc1[:, if_idx].sum(), 0)
 
-        sc = self.statistics['/nat44-ed/total-sessions']
-        self.assertEqual(sc[:, 0].sum(), len(recvd_tcp_ports) +
-                         len(recvd_udp_ports) + len(recvd_icmp_ids))
+        sc = self.statistics["/nat44-ed/total-sessions"]
+        self.assertEqual(
+            sc[:, 0].sum(),
+            len(recvd_tcp_ports) + len(recvd_udp_ports) + len(recvd_icmp_ids),
+        )
 
     def test_frag_in_order(self):
-        """ NAT44ED translate fragments arriving in order """
+        """NAT44ED translate fragments arriving in order"""
 
         self.nat_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         self.nat_add_inside_interface(self.pg0)
@@ -2340,7 +2539,7 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
         self.frag_in_order(proto=IP_PROTOS.icmp, ignore_port=True)
 
     def test_frag_in_order_do_not_translate(self):
-        """ NAT44ED don't translate fragments arriving in order """
+        """NAT44ED don't translate fragments arriving in order"""
 
         self.nat_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         self.nat_add_inside_interface(self.pg0)
@@ -2350,7 +2549,7 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
         self.frag_in_order(proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp, dont_translate=True)
 
     def test_frag_out_of_order(self):
-        """ NAT44ED translate fragments arriving out of order """
+        """NAT44ED translate fragments arriving out of order"""
 
         self.nat_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         self.nat_add_inside_interface(self.pg0)
@@ -2361,7 +2560,7 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
         self.frag_out_of_order(proto=IP_PROTOS.icmp, ignore_port=True)
 
     def test_frag_in_order_in_plus_out(self):
-        """ NAT44ED in+out interface fragments in order """
+        """NAT44ED in+out interface fragments in order"""
 
         in_port = self.random_port()
         out_port = self.random_port()
@@ -2373,39 +2572,29 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
         self.nat_add_outside_interface(self.pg1)
 
         # add static mappings for server
-        self.nat_add_static_mapping(self.server_addr,
-                                    self.nat_addr,
-                                    in_port,
-                                    out_port,
-                                    proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp)
-        self.nat_add_static_mapping(self.server_addr,
-                                    self.nat_addr,
-                                    in_port,
-                                    out_port,
-                                    proto=IP_PROTOS.udp)
-        self.nat_add_static_mapping(self.server_addr,
-                                    self.nat_addr,
-                                    proto=IP_PROTOS.icmp)
+        self.nat_add_static_mapping(
+            self.server_addr, self.nat_addr, in_port, out_port, proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp
+        )
+        self.nat_add_static_mapping(
+            self.server_addr, self.nat_addr, in_port, out_port, proto=IP_PROTOS.udp
+        )
+        self.nat_add_static_mapping(
+            self.server_addr, self.nat_addr, proto=IP_PROTOS.icmp
+        )
 
         # run tests for each protocol
-        self.frag_in_order_in_plus_out(self.server_addr,
-                                       self.nat_addr,
-                                       in_port,
-                                       out_port,
-                                       IP_PROTOS.tcp)
-        self.frag_in_order_in_plus_out(self.server_addr,
-                                       self.nat_addr,
-                                       in_port,
-                                       out_port,
-                                       IP_PROTOS.udp)
-        self.frag_in_order_in_plus_out(self.server_addr,
-                                       self.nat_addr,
-                                       in_port,
-                                       out_port,
-                                       IP_PROTOS.icmp)
+        self.frag_in_order_in_plus_out(
+            self.server_addr, self.nat_addr, in_port, out_port, IP_PROTOS.tcp
+        )
+        self.frag_in_order_in_plus_out(
+            self.server_addr, self.nat_addr, in_port, out_port, IP_PROTOS.udp
+        )
+        self.frag_in_order_in_plus_out(
+            self.server_addr, self.nat_addr, in_port, out_port, IP_PROTOS.icmp
+        )
 
     def test_frag_out_of_order_in_plus_out(self):
-        """ NAT44ED in+out interface fragments out of order """
+        """NAT44ED in+out interface fragments out of order"""
 
         in_port = self.random_port()
         out_port = self.random_port()
@@ -2417,39 +2606,29 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
         self.nat_add_outside_interface(self.pg1)
 
         # add static mappings for server
-        self.nat_add_static_mapping(self.server_addr,
-                                    self.nat_addr,
-                                    in_port,
-                                    out_port,
-                                    proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp)
-        self.nat_add_static_mapping(self.server_addr,
-                                    self.nat_addr,
-                                    in_port,
-                                    out_port,
-                                    proto=IP_PROTOS.udp)
-        self.nat_add_static_mapping(self.server_addr,
-                                    self.nat_addr,
-                                    proto=IP_PROTOS.icmp)
+        self.nat_add_static_mapping(
+            self.server_addr, self.nat_addr, in_port, out_port, proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp
+        )
+        self.nat_add_static_mapping(
+            self.server_addr, self.nat_addr, in_port, out_port, proto=IP_PROTOS.udp
+        )
+        self.nat_add_static_mapping(
+            self.server_addr, self.nat_addr, proto=IP_PROTOS.icmp
+        )
 
         # run tests for each protocol
-        self.frag_out_of_order_in_plus_out(self.server_addr,
-                                           self.nat_addr,
-                                           in_port,
-                                           out_port,
-                                           IP_PROTOS.tcp)
-        self.frag_out_of_order_in_plus_out(self.server_addr,
-                                           self.nat_addr,
-                                           in_port,
-                                           out_port,
-                                           IP_PROTOS.udp)
-        self.frag_out_of_order_in_plus_out(self.server_addr,
-                                           self.nat_addr,
-                                           in_port,
-                                           out_port,
-                                           IP_PROTOS.icmp)
+        self.frag_out_of_order_in_plus_out(
+            self.server_addr, self.nat_addr, in_port, out_port, IP_PROTOS.tcp
+        )
+        self.frag_out_of_order_in_plus_out(
+            self.server_addr, self.nat_addr, in_port, out_port, IP_PROTOS.udp
+        )
+        self.frag_out_of_order_in_plus_out(
+            self.server_addr, self.nat_addr, in_port, out_port, IP_PROTOS.icmp
+        )
 
     def test_reass_hairpinning(self):
-        """ NAT44ED fragments hairpinning """
+        """NAT44ED fragments hairpinning"""
 
         server_addr = self.pg0.remote_hosts[1].ip4
 
@@ -2462,26 +2641,49 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
         self.nat_add_outside_interface(self.pg1)
 
         # add static mapping for server
-        self.nat_add_static_mapping(server_addr, self.nat_addr,
-                                    server_in_port, server_out_port,
-                                    proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp)
-        self.nat_add_static_mapping(server_addr, self.nat_addr,
-                                    server_in_port, server_out_port,
-                                    proto=IP_PROTOS.udp)
+        self.nat_add_static_mapping(
+            server_addr,
+            self.nat_addr,
+            server_in_port,
+            server_out_port,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
+        )
+        self.nat_add_static_mapping(
+            server_addr,
+            self.nat_addr,
+            server_in_port,
+            server_out_port,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.udp,
+        )
         self.nat_add_static_mapping(server_addr, self.nat_addr)
 
-        self.reass_hairpinning(server_addr, server_in_port, server_out_port,
-                               host_in_port, proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
-                               ignore_port=True)
-        self.reass_hairpinning(server_addr, server_in_port, server_out_port,
-                               host_in_port, proto=IP_PROTOS.udp,
-                               ignore_port=True)
-        self.reass_hairpinning(server_addr, server_in_port, server_out_port,
-                               host_in_port, proto=IP_PROTOS.icmp,
-                               ignore_port=True)
+        self.reass_hairpinning(
+            server_addr,
+            server_in_port,
+            server_out_port,
+            host_in_port,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
+            ignore_port=True,
+        )
+        self.reass_hairpinning(
+            server_addr,
+            server_in_port,
+            server_out_port,
+            host_in_port,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.udp,
+            ignore_port=True,
+        )
+        self.reass_hairpinning(
+            server_addr,
+            server_in_port,
+            server_out_port,
+            host_in_port,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.icmp,
+            ignore_port=True,
+        )
 
     def test_session_limit_per_vrf(self):
-        """ NAT44ED per vrf session limit """
+        """NAT44ED per vrf session limit"""
 
         inside = self.pg0
         inside_vrf10 = self.pg2
@@ -2520,27 +2722,29 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
         capture = outside.get_capture(len(stream))
 
     def test_show_max_translations(self):
-        """ NAT44ED API test - max translations per thread """
+        """NAT44ED API test - max translations per thread"""
         config = self.vapi.nat44_show_running_config()
-        self.assertEqual(self.max_sessions,
-                         config.sessions)
+        self.assertEqual(self.max_sessions, config.sessions)
 
     def test_lru_cleanup(self):
-        """ NAT44ED LRU cleanup algorithm """
+        """NAT44ED LRU cleanup algorithm"""
 
         self.nat_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         self.nat_add_inside_interface(self.pg0)
         self.nat_add_outside_interface(self.pg1)
 
         self.vapi.nat_set_timeouts(
-            udp=1, tcp_established=7440, tcp_transitory=30, icmp=1)
+            udp=1, tcp_established=7440, tcp_transitory=30, icmp=1
+        )
 
         tcp_port_out = self.init_tcp_session(self.pg0, self.pg1, 2000, 80)
         pkts = []
         for i in range(0, self.max_sessions - 1):
-            p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4, ttl=64) /
-                 UDP(sport=7000+i, dport=80))
+            p = (
+                Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4, ttl=64)
+                / UDP(sport=7000 + i, dport=80)
+            )
             pkts.append(p)
 
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
@@ -2551,9 +2755,11 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
 
         pkts = []
         for i in range(0, self.max_sessions - 1):
-            p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4, ttl=64) /
-                 ICMP(id=8000+i, type='echo-request'))
+            p = (
+                Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4, ttl=64)
+                / ICMP(id=8000 + i, type="echo-request")
+            )
             pkts.append(p)
 
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
@@ -2562,79 +2768,89 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
         self.pg1.get_capture(len(pkts))
 
     def test_session_rst_timeout(self):
-        """ NAT44ED session RST timeouts """
+        """NAT44ED session RST timeouts"""
 
         self.nat_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         self.nat_add_inside_interface(self.pg0)
         self.nat_add_outside_interface(self.pg1)
 
-        self.vapi.nat_set_timeouts(udp=300, tcp_established=7440,
-                                   tcp_transitory=5, icmp=60)
+        self.vapi.nat_set_timeouts(
+            udp=300, tcp_established=7440, tcp_transitory=5, icmp=60
+        )
 
-        self.init_tcp_session(self.pg0, self.pg1, self.tcp_port_in,
-                              self.tcp_external_port)
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=self.tcp_external_port,
-                 flags="R"))
+        self.init_tcp_session(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1, self.tcp_port_in, self.tcp_external_port
+        )
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=self.tcp_external_port, flags="R")
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg1)
 
         self.virtual_sleep(6)
 
         # The session is already closed
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=self.tcp_external_port,
-                 flags="P"))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=self.tcp_external_port, flags="P")
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p, self.pg1)
 
         # The session can be re-opened
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=self.tcp_external_port,
-                 flags="S"))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=self.tcp_external_port, flags="S")
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg1)
 
     def test_session_rst_established_timeout(self):
-        """ NAT44ED session RST timeouts """
+        """NAT44ED session RST timeouts"""
 
         self.nat_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         self.nat_add_inside_interface(self.pg0)
         self.nat_add_outside_interface(self.pg1)
 
-        self.vapi.nat_set_timeouts(udp=300, tcp_established=7440,
-                                   tcp_transitory=5, icmp=60)
+        self.vapi.nat_set_timeouts(
+            udp=300, tcp_established=7440, tcp_transitory=5, icmp=60
+        )
 
-        self.init_tcp_session(self.pg0, self.pg1, self.tcp_port_in,
-                              self.tcp_external_port)
+        self.init_tcp_session(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1, self.tcp_port_in, self.tcp_external_port
+        )
 
         # Wait at least the transitory time, the session is in established
         # state anyway. RST followed by a data packet should move it to
         # transitory state.
         self.virtual_sleep(6)
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=self.tcp_external_port,
-                 flags="R"))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=self.tcp_external_port, flags="R")
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg1)
 
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=self.tcp_external_port,
-                 flags="P"))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=self.tcp_external_port, flags="P")
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg1)
 
         # State is transitory, session should be closed after 6 seconds
         self.virtual_sleep(6)
 
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=self.tcp_external_port,
-                 flags="P"))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=self.tcp_external_port, flags="P")
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p, self.pg1)
 
     def test_dynamic_out_of_ports(self):
-        """ NAT44ED dynamic translation test: out of ports """
+        """NAT44ED dynamic translation test: out of ports"""
 
         self.nat_add_inside_interface(self.pg0)
         self.nat_add_outside_interface(self.pg1)
@@ -2643,60 +2859,71 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
         pkts = self.create_stream_in(self.pg0, self.pg1)
 
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
-            self.pg0, pkts, msg="i2o pkts",
-            stats_diff=self.no_diff | {
+            self.pg0,
+            pkts,
+            msg="i2o pkts",
+            stats_diff=self.no_diff
+            | {
                 "err": {
-                    '/err/nat44-ed-in2out-slowpath/out of ports': len(pkts),
+                    "/err/nat44-ed-in2out-slowpath/out of ports": len(pkts),
                 },
                 self.pg0.sw_if_index: {
-                    '/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/drops': len(pkts),
+                    "/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/drops": len(pkts),
                 },
-            }
+            },
         )
 
         # in2out after NAT addresses added
         self.nat_add_address(self.nat_addr)
 
-        tcpn, udpn, icmpn = (sum(x) for x in
-                             zip(*((TCP in p, UDP in p, ICMP in p)
-                                 for p in pkts)))
+        tcpn, udpn, icmpn = (
+            sum(x) for x in zip(*((TCP in p, UDP in p, ICMP in p) for p in pkts))
+        )
 
         self.send_and_expect(
-            self.pg0, pkts, self.pg1, msg="i2o pkts",
-            stats_diff=self.no_diff | {
+            self.pg0,
+            pkts,
+            self.pg1,
+            msg="i2o pkts",
+            stats_diff=self.no_diff
+            | {
                 "err": {
-                    '/err/nat44-ed-in2out-slowpath/out of ports': 0,
+                    "/err/nat44-ed-in2out-slowpath/out of ports": 0,
                 },
                 self.pg0.sw_if_index: {
-                    '/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/drops': 0,
-                    '/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/tcp': tcpn,
-                    '/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/udp': udpn,
-                    '/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/icmp': icmpn,
+                    "/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/drops": 0,
+                    "/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/tcp": tcpn,
+                    "/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/udp": udpn,
+                    "/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/icmp": icmpn,
                 },
-            }
+            },
         )
 
     def test_unknown_proto(self):
-        """ NAT44ED translate packet with unknown protocol """
+        """NAT44ED translate packet with unknown protocol"""
 
         self.nat_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         self.nat_add_inside_interface(self.pg0)
         self.nat_add_outside_interface(self.pg1)
 
         # in2out
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=20))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=20)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
         p = self.pg1.get_capture(1)
 
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             GRE() /
-             IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg2.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / GRE()
+            / IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg2.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -2712,11 +2939,13 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
             raise
 
         # out2in
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             GRE() /
-             IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg2.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / GRE()
+            / IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg2.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -2732,7 +2961,7 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
             raise
 
     def test_hairpinning_unknown_proto(self):
-        """ NAT44ED translate packet with unknown protocol - hairpinning """
+        """NAT44ED translate packet with unknown protocol - hairpinning"""
         host = self.pg0.remote_hosts[0]
         server = self.pg0.remote_hosts[1]
         host_in_port = 1234
@@ -2747,19 +2976,23 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
         self.nat_add_static_mapping(server.ip4, server_nat_ip)
 
         # host to server
-        p = (Ether(src=host.mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=host.ip4, dst=server_nat_ip) /
-             TCP(sport=host_in_port, dport=server_out_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=host.mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=host.ip4, dst=server_nat_ip)
+            / TCP(sport=host_in_port, dport=server_out_port)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
         self.pg0.get_capture(1)
 
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=host.mac) /
-             IP(src=host.ip4, dst=server_nat_ip) /
-             GRE() /
-             IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg2.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=host.mac)
+            / IP(src=host.ip4, dst=server_nat_ip)
+            / GRE()
+            / IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg2.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -2775,11 +3008,13 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
             raise
 
         # server to host
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=server.mac) /
-             IP(src=server.ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             GRE() /
-             IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg2.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=server.mac)
+            / IP(src=server.ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / GRE()
+            / IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg2.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -2795,8 +3030,8 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
             raise
 
     def test_output_feature_and_service(self):
-        """ NAT44ED interface output feature and services """
-        external_addr = '1.2.3.4'
+        """NAT44ED interface output feature and services"""
+        external_addr = "1.2.3.4"
         external_port = 80
         local_port = 8080
 
@@ -2804,22 +3039,33 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
         self.nat_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_ADDR_ONLY
         self.vapi.nat44_add_del_identity_mapping(
-            ip_address=self.pg1.remote_ip4, sw_if_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            ip_address=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+            sw_if_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
+            flags=flags,
+            is_add=1,
+        )
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_OUT2IN_ONLY
-        self.nat_add_static_mapping(self.pg0.remote_ip4, external_addr,
-                                    local_port, external_port,
-                                    proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp, flags=flags)
+        self.nat_add_static_mapping(
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            external_addr,
+            local_port,
+            external_port,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
+            flags=flags,
+        )
 
         self.nat_add_inside_interface(self.pg0)
         self.nat_add_outside_interface(self.pg0)
         self.vapi.nat44_ed_add_del_output_interface(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
         # from client to service
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=external_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=12345, dport=external_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=external_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=12345, dport=external_port)
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -2836,9 +3082,11 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
             raise
 
         # from service back to client
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=local_port, dport=12345))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=local_port, dport=12345)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -2877,26 +3125,34 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
         self.verify_capture_in(capture, self.pg0)
 
     def test_output_feature_and_service3(self):
-        """ NAT44ED interface output feature and DST NAT """
-        external_addr = '1.2.3.4'
+        """NAT44ED interface output feature and DST NAT"""
+        external_addr = "1.2.3.4"
         external_port = 80
         local_port = 8080
 
         self.vapi.nat44_forwarding_enable_disable(enable=1)
         self.nat_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_OUT2IN_ONLY
-        self.nat_add_static_mapping(self.pg1.remote_ip4, external_addr,
-                                    local_port, external_port,
-                                    proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp, flags=flags)
+        self.nat_add_static_mapping(
+            self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+            external_addr,
+            local_port,
+            external_port,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
+            flags=flags,
+        )
 
         self.nat_add_inside_interface(self.pg0)
         self.nat_add_outside_interface(self.pg0)
         self.vapi.nat44_ed_add_del_output_interface(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=external_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=12345, dport=external_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=external_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=12345, dport=external_port)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -2914,9 +3170,11 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
             self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:", p))
             raise
 
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=local_port, dport=12345))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=local_port, dport=12345)
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -2935,17 +3193,15 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
             raise
 
     def test_self_twice_nat_lb_negative(self):
-        """ NAT44ED Self Twice NAT local service load balancing (negative test)
-        """
-        self.twice_nat_common(lb=True, self_twice_nat=True, same_pg=True,
-                              client_id=2)
+        """NAT44ED Self Twice NAT local service load balancing (negative test)"""
+        self.twice_nat_common(lb=True, self_twice_nat=True, same_pg=True, client_id=2)
 
     def test_self_twice_nat_negative(self):
-        """ NAT44ED Self Twice NAT (negative test) """
+        """NAT44ED Self Twice NAT (negative test)"""
         self.twice_nat_common(self_twice_nat=True)
 
     def test_static_lb_multi_clients(self):
-        """ NAT44ED local service load balancing - multiple clients"""
+        """NAT44ED local service load balancing - multiple clients"""
 
         external_addr = self.nat_addr
         external_port = 80
@@ -2954,39 +3210,39 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
         server2 = self.pg0.remote_hosts[1]
         server3 = self.pg0.remote_hosts[2]
 
-        locals = [{'addr': server1.ip4,
-                   'port': local_port,
-                   'probability': 90,
-                   'vrf_id': 0},
-                  {'addr': server2.ip4,
-                   'port': local_port,
-                   'probability': 10,
-                   'vrf_id': 0}]
+        locals = [
+            {"addr": server1.ip4, "port": local_port, "probability": 90, "vrf_id": 0},
+            {"addr": server2.ip4, "port": local_port, "probability": 10, "vrf_id": 0},
+        ]
 
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
         self.nat_add_address(self.nat_addr)
-        self.vapi.nat44_add_del_lb_static_mapping(is_add=1,
-                                                  external_addr=external_addr,
-                                                  external_port=external_port,
-                                                  protocol=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
-                                                  local_num=len(locals),
-                                                  locals=locals)
+        self.vapi.nat44_add_del_lb_static_mapping(
+            is_add=1,
+            external_addr=external_addr,
+            external_port=external_port,
+            protocol=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
+            local_num=len(locals),
+            locals=locals,
+        )
 
         server1_n = 0
         server2_n = 0
         clients = ip4_range(self.pg1.remote_ip4, 10, 50)
         pkts = []
         for client in clients:
-            p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-                 IP(src=client, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-                 TCP(sport=12345, dport=external_port))
+            p = (
+                Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+                / IP(src=client, dst=self.nat_addr)
+                / TCP(sport=12345, dport=external_port)
+            )
             pkts.append(p)
         self.pg1.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -3000,10 +3256,10 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
         self.assertGreaterEqual(server1_n, server2_n)
 
         local = {
-            'addr': server3.ip4,
-            'port': local_port,
-            'probability': 20,
-            'vrf_id': 0
+            "addr": server3.ip4,
+            "port": local_port,
+            "probability": 20,
+            "vrf_id": 0,
         }
 
         # add new back-end
@@ -3012,16 +3268,19 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
             external_addr=external_addr,
             external_port=external_port,
             local=local,
-            protocol=IP_PROTOS.tcp)
+            protocol=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
+        )
         server1_n = 0
         server2_n = 0
         server3_n = 0
         clients = ip4_range(self.pg1.remote_ip4, 60, 110)
         pkts = []
         for client in clients:
-            p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-                 IP(src=client, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-                 TCP(sport=12346, dport=external_port))
+            p = (
+                Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+                / IP(src=client, dst=self.nat_addr)
+                / TCP(sport=12346, dport=external_port)
+            )
             pkts.append(p)
         self.assertGreater(len(pkts), 0)
         self.pg1.add_stream(pkts)
@@ -3040,10 +3299,10 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
         self.assertGreater(server3_n, 0)
 
         local = {
-            'addr': server2.ip4,
-            'port': local_port,
-            'probability': 10,
-            'vrf_id': 0
+            "addr": server2.ip4,
+            "port": local_port,
+            "probability": 10,
+            "vrf_id": 0,
         }
 
         # remove one back-end
@@ -3052,7 +3311,8 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
             external_addr=external_addr,
             external_port=external_port,
             local=local,
-            protocol=IP_PROTOS.tcp)
+            protocol=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
+        )
         server1_n = 0
         server2_n = 0
         server3_n = 0
@@ -3075,39 +3335,39 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
     # setting syslog sender cannot be undone and if it is set, it messes
     # with self.send_and_assert_no_replies functionality
     def test_zzz_syslog_sess(self):
-        """ NAT44ED Test syslog session creation and deletion """
-        self.vapi.syslog_set_filter(
-            self.syslog_severity.SYSLOG_API_SEVERITY_INFO)
+        """NAT44ED Test syslog session creation and deletion"""
+        self.vapi.syslog_set_filter(self.syslog_severity.SYSLOG_API_SEVERITY_INFO)
         self.vapi.syslog_set_sender(self.pg3.local_ip4, self.pg3.remote_ip4)
 
         self.nat_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         self.nat_add_inside_interface(self.pg0)
         self.nat_add_outside_interface(self.pg1)
 
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=self.tcp_external_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=self.tcp_external_port)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
         capture = self.pg1.get_capture(1)
         self.tcp_port_out = capture[0][TCP].sport
         capture = self.pg3.get_capture(1)
-        self.verify_syslog_sess(capture[0][Raw].load, 'SADD')
+        self.verify_syslog_sess(capture[0][Raw].load, "SADD")
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
         self.nat_add_address(self.nat_addr, is_add=0)
         capture = self.pg3.get_capture(1)
-        self.verify_syslog_sess(capture[0][Raw].load, 'SDEL')
+        self.verify_syslog_sess(capture[0][Raw].load, "SDEL")
 
     # put zzz in front of syslog test name so that it runs as a last test
     # setting syslog sender cannot be undone and if it is set, it messes
     # with self.send_and_assert_no_replies functionality
     def test_zzz_syslog_sess_reopen(self):
-        """ Syslog events for session reopen """
-        self.vapi.syslog_set_filter(
-            self.syslog_severity.SYSLOG_API_SEVERITY_INFO)
+        """Syslog events for session reopen"""
+        self.vapi.syslog_set_filter(self.syslog_severity.SYSLOG_API_SEVERITY_INFO)
         self.vapi.syslog_set_sender(self.pg3.local_ip4, self.pg3.remote_ip4)
 
         self.nat_add_address(self.nat_addr)
@@ -3115,55 +3375,62 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
         self.nat_add_outside_interface(self.pg1)
 
         # SYN in2out
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=self.tcp_external_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=self.tcp_external_port)
+        )
         capture = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg1)[0]
         self.tcp_port_out = capture[0][TCP].sport
         capture = self.pg3.get_capture(1)
-        self.verify_syslog_sess(capture[0][Raw].load, 'SADD')
+        self.verify_syslog_sess(capture[0][Raw].load, "SADD")
 
         # SYN out2in
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=self.tcp_external_port, dport=self.tcp_port_out,
-                 flags='SA'))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=self.tcp_external_port, dport=self.tcp_port_out, flags="SA")
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p, self.pg0)
 
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=self.tcp_external_port,
-                 flags="A"))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=self.tcp_external_port, flags="A")
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg1)
 
         # FIN in2out
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=self.tcp_external_port,
-                 flags="F"))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=self.tcp_external_port, flags="F")
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg1)
 
         # FIN out2in
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=self.tcp_external_port, dport=self.tcp_port_out,
-                 flags="F"))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=self.tcp_external_port, dport=self.tcp_port_out, flags="F")
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p, self.pg0)
 
-        self.init_tcp_session(self.pg0, self.pg1, self.tcp_port_in,
-                              self.tcp_external_port)
+        self.init_tcp_session(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1, self.tcp_port_in, self.tcp_external_port
+        )
 
         # 2 records should be produced - first one del & add
         capture = self.pg3.get_capture(2)
-        self.verify_syslog_sess(capture[0][Raw].load, 'SDEL')
-        self.verify_syslog_sess(capture[1][Raw].load, 'SADD')
+        self.verify_syslog_sess(capture[0][Raw].load, "SDEL")
+        self.verify_syslog_sess(capture[1][Raw].load, "SADD")
 
     def test_twice_nat_interface_addr(self):
-        """ NAT44ED Acquire twice NAT addresses from interface """
+        """NAT44ED Acquire twice NAT addresses from interface"""
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_TWICE_NAT
         self.vapi.nat44_add_del_interface_addr(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg11.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg11.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
 
         # no address in NAT pool
         adresses = self.vapi.nat44_address_dump()
@@ -3173,8 +3440,7 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
         self.pg11.config_ip4()
         adresses = self.vapi.nat44_address_dump()
         self.assertEqual(1, len(adresses))
-        self.assertEqual(str(adresses[0].ip_address),
-                         self.pg11.local_ip4)
+        self.assertEqual(str(adresses[0].ip_address), self.pg11.local_ip4)
         self.assertEqual(adresses[0].flags, flags)
 
         # remove interface address and check NAT address pool
@@ -3183,11 +3449,12 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
         self.assertEqual(0, len(adresses))
 
     def test_output_feature_stateful_acl(self):
-        """ NAT44ED output feature works with stateful ACL """
+        """NAT44ED output feature works with stateful ACL"""
 
         self.nat_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         self.vapi.nat44_ed_add_del_output_interface(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
         # First ensure that the NAT is working sans ACL
 
@@ -3197,14 +3464,16 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
 
         # send packets into inside intf, ensure received via outside intf
         pkts_in2out = self.create_stream_in(self.pg0, self.pg1)
-        capture = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, pkts_in2out, self.pg1,
-                                       len(pkts_in2out))
+        capture = self.send_and_expect(
+            self.pg0, pkts_in2out, self.pg1, len(pkts_in2out)
+        )
         self.verify_capture_out(capture, ignore_port=True)
 
         # send out2in again, with sessions created it should work now
         pkts_out2in = self.create_stream_out(self.pg1)
-        capture = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, pkts_out2in, self.pg0,
-                                       len(pkts_out2in))
+        capture = self.send_and_expect(
+            self.pg1, pkts_out2in, self.pg0, len(pkts_out2in)
+        )
         self.verify_capture_in(capture, self.pg0)
 
         # Create an ACL blocking everything
@@ -3218,8 +3487,9 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
         in2out_acl.add_vpp_config()
 
         # apply as input acl on interface and confirm it blocks everything
-        acl_if = VppAclInterface(self, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                 n_input=1, acls=[out2in_acl])
+        acl_if = VppAclInterface(
+            self, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, n_input=1, acls=[out2in_acl]
+        )
         acl_if.add_vpp_config()
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg1, pkts_out2in)
 
@@ -3227,8 +3497,9 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
         acl_if.acls = [out2in_acl, in2out_acl]
         acl_if.add_vpp_config()
         # send in2out to generate ACL state (NAT state was created earlier)
-        capture = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, pkts_in2out, self.pg1,
-                                       len(pkts_in2out))
+        capture = self.send_and_expect(
+            self.pg0, pkts_in2out, self.pg1, len(pkts_in2out)
+        )
         self.verify_capture_out(capture, ignore_port=True)
 
         # send out2in again. ACL state exists so it should work now.
@@ -3236,13 +3507,14 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
         for p in pkts_out2in:
             if p.haslayer(TCP) and p[TCP].flags & 0x02:
                 p[TCP].flags |= 0x10
-        capture = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, pkts_out2in, self.pg0,
-                                       len(pkts_out2in))
+        capture = self.send_and_expect(
+            self.pg1, pkts_out2in, self.pg0, len(pkts_out2in)
+        )
         self.verify_capture_in(capture, self.pg0)
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show trace"))
 
     def test_tcp_close(self):
-        """ NAT44ED Close TCP session from inside network - output feature """
+        """NAT44ED Close TCP session from inside network - output feature"""
         config = self.vapi.nat44_show_running_config()
         old_timeouts = config.timeouts
         new_transitory = 2
@@ -3250,77 +3522,92 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
             udp=old_timeouts.udp,
             tcp_established=old_timeouts.tcp_established,
             icmp=old_timeouts.icmp,
-            tcp_transitory=new_transitory)
+            tcp_transitory=new_transitory,
+        )
 
         self.vapi.nat44_forwarding_enable_disable(enable=1)
         self.nat_add_address(self.pg1.local_ip4)
-        twice_nat_addr = '10.0.1.3'
-        service_ip = '192.168.16.150'
+        twice_nat_addr = "10.0.1.3"
+        service_ip = "192.168.16.150"
         self.nat_add_address(twice_nat_addr, twice_nat=1)
 
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ed_add_del_output_interface(
-            is_add=1,
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index)
+            is_add=1, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index
+        )
 
-        flags = (self.config_flags.NAT_IS_OUT2IN_ONLY |
-                 self.config_flags.NAT_IS_TWICE_NAT)
-        self.nat_add_static_mapping(self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                    service_ip, 80, 80,
-                                    proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
-                                    flags=flags)
+        flags = (
+            self.config_flags.NAT_IS_OUT2IN_ONLY | self.config_flags.NAT_IS_TWICE_NAT
+        )
+        self.nat_add_static_mapping(
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4, service_ip, 80, 80, proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp, flags=flags
+        )
         sessions = self.vapi.nat44_user_session_dump(self.pg0.remote_ip4, 0)
         start_sessnum = len(sessions)
 
         # SYN packet out->in
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=service_ip) /
-             TCP(sport=33898, dport=80, flags="S"))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=service_ip)
+            / TCP(sport=33898, dport=80, flags="S")
+        )
         capture = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p, self.pg0, n_rx=1)
         p = capture[0]
         tcp_port = p[TCP].sport
 
         # SYN + ACK packet in->out
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=twice_nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=80, dport=tcp_port, flags="SA"))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=twice_nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=80, dport=tcp_port, flags="SA")
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg1, n_rx=1)
 
         # ACK packet out->in
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=service_ip) /
-             TCP(sport=33898, dport=80, flags="A"))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=service_ip)
+            / TCP(sport=33898, dport=80, flags="A")
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p, self.pg0, n_rx=1)
 
         # FIN packet in -> out
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=twice_nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=80, dport=tcp_port, flags="FA", seq=100, ack=300))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=twice_nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=80, dport=tcp_port, flags="FA", seq=100, ack=300)
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg1, n_rx=1)
 
         # FIN+ACK packet out -> in
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=service_ip) /
-             TCP(sport=33898, dport=80, flags="FA", seq=300, ack=101))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=service_ip)
+            / TCP(sport=33898, dport=80, flags="FA", seq=300, ack=101)
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p, self.pg0, n_rx=1)
 
         # ACK packet in -> out
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=twice_nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=80, dport=tcp_port, flags="A", seq=101, ack=301))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=twice_nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=80, dport=tcp_port, flags="A", seq=101, ack=301)
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg1, n_rx=1)
 
         # session now in transitory timeout, but traffic still flows
         # try FIN packet out->in
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=service_ip) /
-             TCP(sport=33898, dport=80, flags="F"))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=service_ip)
+            / TCP(sport=33898, dport=80, flags="F")
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -3334,15 +3621,17 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
 
         # send FIN+ACK packet out -> in - will cause session to be wiped
         # but won't create a new session
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=service_ip) /
-             TCP(sport=33898, dport=80, flags="FA", seq=300, ack=101))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=service_ip)
+            / TCP(sport=33898, dport=80, flags="FA", seq=300, ack=101)
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg1, p)
         sessions = self.vapi.nat44_user_session_dump(self.pg0.remote_ip4, 0)
         self.assertEqual(len(sessions) - start_sessnum, 0)
 
     def test_tcp_session_close_in(self):
-        """ NAT44ED Close TCP session from inside network """
+        """NAT44ED Close TCP session from inside network"""
 
         in_port = self.tcp_port_in
         out_port = 10505
@@ -3351,79 +3640,92 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
         self.nat_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         self.nat_add_inside_interface(self.pg0)
         self.nat_add_outside_interface(self.pg1)
-        self.nat_add_static_mapping(self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.nat_addr,
-                                    in_port, out_port, proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
-                                    flags=self.config_flags.NAT_IS_TWICE_NAT)
+        self.nat_add_static_mapping(
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            self.nat_addr,
+            in_port,
+            out_port,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
+            flags=self.config_flags.NAT_IS_TWICE_NAT,
+        )
 
         sessions = self.vapi.nat44_user_session_dump(self.pg0.remote_ip4, 0)
         session_n = len(sessions)
 
-        self.vapi.nat_set_timeouts(udp=300, tcp_established=7440,
-                                   tcp_transitory=2, icmp=5)
+        self.vapi.nat_set_timeouts(
+            udp=300, tcp_established=7440, tcp_transitory=2, icmp=5
+        )
 
         self.init_tcp_session(self.pg0, self.pg1, in_port, ext_port)
 
         # FIN packet in -> out
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port,
-                 flags="FA", seq=100, ack=300))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port, flags="FA", seq=100, ack=300)
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg1)
         pkts = []
 
         # ACK packet out -> in
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=ext_port, dport=out_port,
-                 flags="A", seq=300, ack=101))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=ext_port, dport=out_port, flags="A", seq=300, ack=101)
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
 
         # FIN packet out -> in
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=ext_port, dport=out_port,
-                 flags="FA", seq=300, ack=101))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=ext_port, dport=out_port, flags="FA", seq=300, ack=101)
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
 
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, pkts, self.pg0)
 
         # ACK packet in -> out
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port,
-                 flags="A", seq=101, ack=301))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port, flags="A", seq=101, ack=301)
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg1)
 
         sessions = self.vapi.nat44_user_session_dump(self.pg0.remote_ip4, 0)
         self.assertEqual(len(sessions) - session_n, 1)
 
         # retransmit FIN packet out -> in
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=ext_port, dport=out_port,
-                 flags="FA", seq=300, ack=101))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=ext_port, dport=out_port, flags="FA", seq=300, ack=101)
+        )
 
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p, self.pg0)
 
         # retransmit ACK packet in -> out
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port,
-                 flags="A", seq=101, ack=301))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port, flags="A", seq=101, ack=301)
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg1)
 
         self.virtual_sleep(3)
         # retransmit ACK packet in -> out - this will cause session to be wiped
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port,
-                 flags="A", seq=101, ack=301))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port, flags="A", seq=101, ack=301)
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p)
         sessions = self.vapi.nat44_user_session_dump(self.pg0.remote_ip4, 0)
         self.assertEqual(len(sessions) - session_n, 0)
 
     def test_tcp_session_close_out(self):
-        """ NAT44ED Close TCP session from outside network """
+        """NAT44ED Close TCP session from outside network"""
 
         in_port = self.tcp_port_in
         out_port = 10505
@@ -3432,33 +3734,41 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
         self.nat_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         self.nat_add_inside_interface(self.pg0)
         self.nat_add_outside_interface(self.pg1)
-        self.nat_add_static_mapping(self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.nat_addr,
-                                    in_port, out_port, proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
-                                    flags=self.config_flags.NAT_IS_TWICE_NAT)
+        self.nat_add_static_mapping(
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            self.nat_addr,
+            in_port,
+            out_port,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
+            flags=self.config_flags.NAT_IS_TWICE_NAT,
+        )
 
         sessions = self.vapi.nat44_user_session_dump(self.pg0.remote_ip4, 0)
         session_n = len(sessions)
 
-        self.vapi.nat_set_timeouts(udp=300, tcp_established=7440,
-                                   tcp_transitory=2, icmp=5)
+        self.vapi.nat_set_timeouts(
+            udp=300, tcp_established=7440, tcp_transitory=2, icmp=5
+        )
 
         _ = self.init_tcp_session(self.pg0, self.pg1, in_port, ext_port)
 
         # FIN packet out -> in
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=ext_port, dport=out_port,
-                 flags="FA", seq=100, ack=300))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=ext_port, dport=out_port, flags="FA", seq=100, ack=300)
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
         self.pg0.get_capture(1)
 
         # FIN+ACK packet in -> out
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port,
-                 flags="FA", seq=300, ack=101))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port, flags="FA", seq=300, ack=101)
+        )
 
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -3466,10 +3776,11 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
         self.pg1.get_capture(1)
 
         # ACK packet out -> in
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=ext_port, dport=out_port,
-                 flags="A", seq=101, ack=301))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=ext_port, dport=out_port, flags="A", seq=101, ack=301)
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -3479,31 +3790,34 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
         self.assertEqual(len(sessions) - session_n, 1)
 
         # retransmit FIN packet out -> in
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=ext_port, dport=out_port,
-                 flags="FA", seq=300, ack=101))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=ext_port, dport=out_port, flags="FA", seq=300, ack=101)
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p, self.pg0)
 
         # retransmit ACK packet in -> out
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port,
-                 flags="A", seq=101, ack=301))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port, flags="A", seq=101, ack=301)
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg1)
 
         self.virtual_sleep(3)
         # retransmit ACK packet in -> out - this will cause session to be wiped
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port,
-                 flags="A", seq=101, ack=301))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port, flags="A", seq=101, ack=301)
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p)
         sessions = self.vapi.nat44_user_session_dump(self.pg0.remote_ip4, 0)
         self.assertEqual(len(sessions) - session_n, 0)
 
     def test_tcp_session_close_simultaneous(self):
-        """ Simultaneous TCP close from both sides """
+        """Simultaneous TCP close from both sides"""
 
         in_port = self.tcp_port_in
         ext_port = 10505
@@ -3511,252 +3825,297 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
         self.nat_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         self.nat_add_inside_interface(self.pg0)
         self.nat_add_outside_interface(self.pg1)
-        self.nat_add_static_mapping(self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.nat_addr,
-                                    in_port, ext_port, proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
-                                    flags=self.config_flags.NAT_IS_TWICE_NAT)
+        self.nat_add_static_mapping(
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            self.nat_addr,
+            in_port,
+            ext_port,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
+            flags=self.config_flags.NAT_IS_TWICE_NAT,
+        )
 
         sessions = self.vapi.nat44_user_session_dump(self.pg0.remote_ip4, 0)
         session_n = len(sessions)
 
-        self.vapi.nat_set_timeouts(udp=300, tcp_established=7440,
-                                   tcp_transitory=2, icmp=5)
+        self.vapi.nat_set_timeouts(
+            udp=300, tcp_established=7440, tcp_transitory=2, icmp=5
+        )
 
         out_port = self.init_tcp_session(self.pg0, self.pg1, in_port, ext_port)
 
         # FIN packet in -> out
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port,
-                 flags="FA", seq=100, ack=300))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port, flags="FA", seq=100, ack=300)
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg1)
 
         # FIN packet out -> in
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=ext_port, dport=out_port,
-                 flags="FA", seq=300, ack=100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=ext_port, dport=out_port, flags="FA", seq=300, ack=100)
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p, self.pg0)
 
         # ACK packet in -> out
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port,
-                 flags="A", seq=101, ack=301))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port, flags="A", seq=101, ack=301)
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg1)
 
         # ACK packet out -> in
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=ext_port, dport=out_port,
-                 flags="A", seq=301, ack=101))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=ext_port, dport=out_port, flags="A", seq=301, ack=101)
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p, self.pg0)
 
         sessions = self.vapi.nat44_user_session_dump(self.pg0.remote_ip4, 0)
         self.assertEqual(len(sessions) - session_n, 1)
 
         # retransmit FIN packet out -> in
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=ext_port, dport=out_port,
-                 flags="FA", seq=300, ack=101))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=ext_port, dport=out_port, flags="FA", seq=300, ack=101)
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p, self.pg0)
 
         # retransmit ACK packet in -> out
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port,
-                 flags="A", seq=101, ack=301))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port, flags="A", seq=101, ack=301)
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg1)
 
         self.virtual_sleep(3)
         # retransmit ACK packet in -> out - this will cause session to be wiped
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port,
-                 flags="A", seq=101, ack=301))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port, flags="A", seq=101, ack=301)
+        )
         self.pg_send(self.pg0, p)
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p)
         sessions = self.vapi.nat44_user_session_dump(self.pg0.remote_ip4, 0)
         self.assertEqual(len(sessions) - session_n, 0)
 
     def test_tcp_session_half_reopen_inside(self):
-        """ TCP session in FIN/FIN state not reopened by in2out SYN only """
+        """TCP session in FIN/FIN state not reopened by in2out SYN only"""
         in_port = self.tcp_port_in
         ext_port = 10505
 
         self.nat_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         self.nat_add_inside_interface(self.pg0)
         self.nat_add_outside_interface(self.pg1)
-        self.nat_add_static_mapping(self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.nat_addr,
-                                    in_port, ext_port, proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
-                                    flags=self.config_flags.NAT_IS_TWICE_NAT)
+        self.nat_add_static_mapping(
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            self.nat_addr,
+            in_port,
+            ext_port,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
+            flags=self.config_flags.NAT_IS_TWICE_NAT,
+        )
 
         sessions = self.vapi.nat44_user_session_dump(self.pg0.remote_ip4, 0)
         session_n = len(sessions)
 
-        self.vapi.nat_set_timeouts(udp=300, tcp_established=7440,
-                                   tcp_transitory=2, icmp=5)
+        self.vapi.nat_set_timeouts(
+            udp=300, tcp_established=7440, tcp_transitory=2, icmp=5
+        )
 
         out_port = self.init_tcp_session(self.pg0, self.pg1, in_port, ext_port)
 
         # FIN packet in -> out
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port,
-                 flags="FA", seq=100, ack=300))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port, flags="FA", seq=100, ack=300)
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg1)
 
         # FIN packet out -> in
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=ext_port, dport=out_port,
-                 flags="FA", seq=300, ack=100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=ext_port, dport=out_port, flags="FA", seq=300, ack=100)
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p, self.pg0)
 
         sessions = self.vapi.nat44_user_session_dump(self.pg0.remote_ip4, 0)
         self.assertEqual(len(sessions) - session_n, 1)
 
         # send SYN packet in -> out
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port,
-                 flags="S", seq=101, ack=301))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port, flags="S", seq=101, ack=301)
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg1)
 
         self.virtual_sleep(3)
         # send ACK packet in -> out - session should be wiped
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port,
-                 flags="A", seq=101, ack=301))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port, flags="A", seq=101, ack=301)
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p, self.pg1)
         sessions = self.vapi.nat44_user_session_dump(self.pg0.remote_ip4, 0)
         self.assertEqual(len(sessions) - session_n, 0)
 
     def test_tcp_session_half_reopen_outside(self):
-        """ TCP session in FIN/FIN state not reopened by out2in SYN only """
+        """TCP session in FIN/FIN state not reopened by out2in SYN only"""
         in_port = self.tcp_port_in
         ext_port = 10505
 
         self.nat_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         self.nat_add_inside_interface(self.pg0)
         self.nat_add_outside_interface(self.pg1)
-        self.nat_add_static_mapping(self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.nat_addr,
-                                    in_port, ext_port, proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
-                                    flags=self.config_flags.NAT_IS_TWICE_NAT)
+        self.nat_add_static_mapping(
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            self.nat_addr,
+            in_port,
+            ext_port,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
+            flags=self.config_flags.NAT_IS_TWICE_NAT,
+        )
 
         sessions = self.vapi.nat44_user_session_dump(self.pg0.remote_ip4, 0)
         session_n = len(sessions)
 
-        self.vapi.nat_set_timeouts(udp=300, tcp_established=7440,
-                                   tcp_transitory=2, icmp=5)
+        self.vapi.nat_set_timeouts(
+            udp=300, tcp_established=7440, tcp_transitory=2, icmp=5
+        )
 
         out_port = self.init_tcp_session(self.pg0, self.pg1, in_port, ext_port)
 
         # FIN packet in -> out
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port,
-                 flags="FA", seq=100, ack=300))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port, flags="FA", seq=100, ack=300)
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg1)
 
         # FIN packet out -> in
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=ext_port, dport=out_port,
-                 flags="FA", seq=300, ack=100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=ext_port, dport=out_port, flags="FA", seq=300, ack=100)
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p, self.pg0)
 
         sessions = self.vapi.nat44_user_session_dump(self.pg0.remote_ip4, 0)
         self.assertEqual(len(sessions) - session_n, 1)
 
         # send SYN packet out -> in
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=ext_port, dport=out_port,
-                 flags="S", seq=300, ack=101))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=ext_port, dport=out_port, flags="S", seq=300, ack=101)
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p, self.pg0)
 
         self.virtual_sleep(3)
         # send ACK packet in -> out - session should be wiped
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port,
-                 flags="A", seq=101, ack=301))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port, flags="A", seq=101, ack=301)
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p, self.pg1)
         sessions = self.vapi.nat44_user_session_dump(self.pg0.remote_ip4, 0)
         self.assertEqual(len(sessions) - session_n, 0)
 
     def test_tcp_session_reopen(self):
-        """ TCP session in FIN/FIN state reopened by SYN from both sides """
+        """TCP session in FIN/FIN state reopened by SYN from both sides"""
         in_port = self.tcp_port_in
         ext_port = 10505
 
         self.nat_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         self.nat_add_inside_interface(self.pg0)
         self.nat_add_outside_interface(self.pg1)
-        self.nat_add_static_mapping(self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.nat_addr,
-                                    in_port, ext_port, proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
-                                    flags=self.config_flags.NAT_IS_TWICE_NAT)
+        self.nat_add_static_mapping(
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            self.nat_addr,
+            in_port,
+            ext_port,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
+            flags=self.config_flags.NAT_IS_TWICE_NAT,
+        )
 
         sessions = self.vapi.nat44_user_session_dump(self.pg0.remote_ip4, 0)
         session_n = len(sessions)
 
-        self.vapi.nat_set_timeouts(udp=300, tcp_established=7440,
-                                   tcp_transitory=2, icmp=5)
+        self.vapi.nat_set_timeouts(
+            udp=300, tcp_established=7440, tcp_transitory=2, icmp=5
+        )
 
         out_port = self.init_tcp_session(self.pg0, self.pg1, in_port, ext_port)
 
         # FIN packet in -> out
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port,
-                 flags="FA", seq=100, ack=300))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port, flags="FA", seq=100, ack=300)
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg1)
 
         # FIN packet out -> in
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=ext_port, dport=out_port,
-                 flags="FA", seq=300, ack=100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=ext_port, dport=out_port, flags="FA", seq=300, ack=100)
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p, self.pg0)
 
         sessions = self.vapi.nat44_user_session_dump(self.pg0.remote_ip4, 0)
         self.assertEqual(len(sessions) - session_n, 1)
 
         # send SYN packet out -> in
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=ext_port, dport=out_port,
-                 flags="S", seq=300, ack=101))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=ext_port, dport=out_port, flags="S", seq=300, ack=101)
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p, self.pg0)
 
         # send SYN packet in -> out
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port,
-                 flags="SA", seq=101, ack=301))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port, flags="SA", seq=101, ack=301)
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg1)
 
         # send ACK packet out -> in
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=ext_port, dport=out_port,
-                 flags="A", seq=300, ack=101))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=ext_port, dport=out_port, flags="A", seq=300, ack=101)
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p, self.pg0)
 
         self.virtual_sleep(3)
         # send ACK packet in -> out - should be forwarded and session alive
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port,
-                 flags="A", seq=101, ack=301))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port, flags="A", seq=101, ack=301)
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg1)
         sessions = self.vapi.nat44_user_session_dump(self.pg0.remote_ip4, 0)
         self.assertEqual(len(sessions) - session_n, 1)
 
     def test_dynamic_vrf(self):
-        """ NAT44ED dynamic translation test: different VRF"""
+        """NAT44ED dynamic translation test: different VRF"""
 
         vrf_id_in = 33
         vrf_id_out = 34
@@ -3789,30 +4148,28 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
             self.pg7.unconfig()
             self.pg8.unconfig()
 
-            self.vapi.ip_table_add_del(is_add=0,
-                                       table={'table_id': vrf_id_in})
-            self.vapi.ip_table_add_del(is_add=0,
-                                       table={'table_id': vrf_id_out})
+            self.vapi.ip_table_add_del(is_add=0, table={"table_id": vrf_id_in})
+            self.vapi.ip_table_add_del(is_add=0, table={"table_id": vrf_id_out})
 
     def test_dynamic_output_feature_vrf(self):
-        """ NAT44ED dynamic translation test: output-feature, VRF"""
+        """NAT44ED dynamic translation test: output-feature, VRF"""
 
         # other then default (0)
         new_vrf_id = 22
 
         self.nat_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         self.vapi.nat44_ed_add_del_output_interface(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg8.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg8.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
         try:
             self.configure_ip4_interface(self.pg7, table_id=new_vrf_id)
             self.configure_ip4_interface(self.pg8, table_id=new_vrf_id)
 
             # in2out
-            tcpn = self.statistics['/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/tcp']
-            udpn = self.statistics['/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/udp']
-            icmpn = self.statistics['/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/icmp']
-            drops = self.statistics['/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/drops']
+            tcpn = self.statistics["/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/tcp"]
+            udpn = self.statistics["/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/udp"]
+            icmpn = self.statistics["/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/icmp"]
+            drops = self.statistics["/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/drops"]
 
             pkts = self.create_stream_in(self.pg7, self.pg8)
             self.pg7.add_stream(pkts)
@@ -3822,20 +4179,20 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
             self.verify_capture_out(capture, ignore_port=True)
 
             if_idx = self.pg8.sw_if_index
-            cnt = self.statistics['/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/tcp']
+            cnt = self.statistics["/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/tcp"]
             self.assertEqual(cnt[:, if_idx].sum() - tcpn[:, if_idx].sum(), 2)
-            cnt = self.statistics['/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/udp']
+            cnt = self.statistics["/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/udp"]
             self.assertEqual(cnt[:, if_idx].sum() - udpn[:, if_idx].sum(), 1)
-            cnt = self.statistics['/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/icmp']
+            cnt = self.statistics["/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/icmp"]
             self.assertEqual(cnt[:, if_idx].sum() - icmpn[:, if_idx].sum(), 1)
-            cnt = self.statistics['/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/drops']
+            cnt = self.statistics["/nat44-ed/in2out/slowpath/drops"]
             self.assertEqual(cnt[:, if_idx].sum() - drops[:, if_idx].sum(), 0)
 
             # out2in
-            tcpn = self.statistics['/nat44-ed/out2in/fastpath/tcp']
-            udpn = self.statistics['/nat44-ed/out2in/fastpath/udp']
-            icmpn = self.statistics['/nat44-ed/out2in/fastpath/icmp']
-            drops = self.statistics['/nat44-ed/out2in/fastpath/drops']
+            tcpn = self.statistics["/nat44-ed/out2in/fastpath/tcp"]
+            udpn = self.statistics["/nat44-ed/out2in/fastpath/udp"]
+            icmpn = self.statistics["/nat44-ed/out2in/fastpath/icmp"]
+            drops = self.statistics["/nat44-ed/out2in/fastpath/drops"]
 
             pkts = self.create_stream_out(self.pg8)
             self.pg8.add_stream(pkts)
@@ -3845,48 +4202,56 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
             self.verify_capture_in(capture, self.pg7)
 
             if_idx = self.pg8.sw_if_index
-            cnt = self.statistics['/nat44-ed/out2in/fastpath/tcp']
+            cnt = self.statistics["/nat44-ed/out2in/fastpath/tcp"]
             self.assertEqual(cnt[:, if_idx].sum() - tcpn[:, if_idx].sum(), 2)
-            cnt = self.statistics['/nat44-ed/out2in/fastpath/udp']
+            cnt = self.statistics["/nat44-ed/out2in/fastpath/udp"]
             self.assertEqual(cnt[:, if_idx].sum() - udpn[:, if_idx].sum(), 1)
-            cnt = self.statistics['/nat44-ed/out2in/fastpath/icmp']
+            cnt = self.statistics["/nat44-ed/out2in/fastpath/icmp"]
             self.assertEqual(cnt[:, if_idx].sum() - icmpn[:, if_idx].sum(), 1)
-            cnt = self.statistics['/nat44-ed/out2in/fastpath/drops']
+            cnt = self.statistics["/nat44-ed/out2in/fastpath/drops"]
             self.assertEqual(cnt[:, if_idx].sum() - drops[:, if_idx].sum(), 0)
 
-            sessions = self.statistics['/nat44-ed/total-sessions']
+            sessions = self.statistics["/nat44-ed/total-sessions"]
             self.assertEqual(sessions[:, 0].sum(), 3)
 
         finally:
             self.pg7.unconfig()
             self.pg8.unconfig()
 
-            self.vapi.ip_table_add_del(is_add=0,
-                                       table={'table_id': new_vrf_id})
+            self.vapi.ip_table_add_del(is_add=0, table={"table_id": new_vrf_id})
 
     def test_next_src_nat(self):
-        """ NAT44ED On way back forward packet to nat44-in2out node. """
+        """NAT44ED On way back forward packet to nat44-in2out node."""
 
-        twice_nat_addr = '10.0.1.3'
+        twice_nat_addr = "10.0.1.3"
         external_port = 80
         local_port = 8080
         post_twice_nat_port = 0
 
         self.vapi.nat44_forwarding_enable_disable(enable=1)
         self.nat_add_address(twice_nat_addr, twice_nat=1)
-        flags = (self.config_flags.NAT_IS_OUT2IN_ONLY |
-                 self.config_flags.NAT_IS_SELF_TWICE_NAT)
-        self.nat_add_static_mapping(self.pg6.remote_ip4, self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                    local_port, external_port,
-                                    proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp, vrf_id=1,
-                                    flags=flags)
+        flags = (
+            self.config_flags.NAT_IS_OUT2IN_ONLY
+            | self.config_flags.NAT_IS_SELF_TWICE_NAT
+        )
+        self.nat_add_static_mapping(
+            self.pg6.remote_ip4,
+            self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+            local_port,
+            external_port,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
+            vrf_id=1,
+            flags=flags,
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg6.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg6.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg6.remote_mac, dst=self.pg6.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg6.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=12345, dport=external_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg6.remote_mac, dst=self.pg6.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg6.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=12345, dport=external_port)
+        )
         self.pg6.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -3905,9 +4270,11 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
             self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:", p))
             raise
 
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg6.remote_mac, dst=self.pg6.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg6.remote_ip4, dst=twice_nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=local_port, dport=post_twice_nat_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg6.remote_mac, dst=self.pg6.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg6.remote_ip4, dst=twice_nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=local_port, dport=post_twice_nat_port)
+        )
         self.pg6.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -3926,7 +4293,7 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
             raise
 
     def test_one_armed_nat44_static(self):
-        """ NAT44ED One armed NAT and 1:1 NAPT asymmetrical rule """
+        """NAT44ED One armed NAT and 1:1 NAPT asymmetrical rule"""
 
         remote_host = self.pg4.remote_hosts[0]
         local_host = self.pg4.remote_hosts[1]
@@ -3936,23 +4303,31 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
 
         self.vapi.nat44_forwarding_enable_disable(enable=1)
         self.nat_add_address(self.nat_addr, twice_nat=1)
-        flags = (self.config_flags.NAT_IS_OUT2IN_ONLY |
-                 self.config_flags.NAT_IS_TWICE_NAT)
-        self.nat_add_static_mapping(local_host.ip4, self.nat_addr,
-                                    local_port, external_port,
-                                    proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp, flags=flags)
+        flags = (
+            self.config_flags.NAT_IS_OUT2IN_ONLY | self.config_flags.NAT_IS_TWICE_NAT
+        )
+        self.nat_add_static_mapping(
+            local_host.ip4,
+            self.nat_addr,
+            local_port,
+            external_port,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
+            flags=flags,
+        )
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg4.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg4.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg4.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg4.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
 
         # from client to service
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg4.remote_mac, dst=self.pg4.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=remote_host.ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=12345, dport=external_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg4.remote_mac, dst=self.pg4.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=remote_host.ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=12345, dport=external_port)
+        )
         self.pg4.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -3972,9 +4347,11 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
             raise
 
         # from service back to client
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg4.remote_mac, dst=self.pg4.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=local_host.ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=local_port, dport=eh_port_in))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg4.remote_mac, dst=self.pg4.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=local_host.ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=local_port, dport=eh_port_in)
+        )
         self.pg4.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -3993,7 +4370,7 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
             raise
 
     def test_icmp_error_fwd_outbound(self):
-        """ NAT44ED ICMP error outbound with forwarding enabled """
+        """NAT44ED ICMP error outbound with forwarding enabled"""
 
         # Ensure that an outbound ICMP error message is properly associated
         # with the inbound forward bypass session it is related to.
@@ -4005,9 +4382,12 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
 
         # enable forwarding and initiate connection out2in
         self.vapi.nat44_forwarding_enable_disable(enable=1)
-        p1 = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-              IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4) /
-              UDP(sport=21, dport=20) / payload)
+        p1 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=21, dport=20)
+            / payload
+        )
 
         self.pg1.add_stream(p1)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -4021,10 +4401,12 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
         # session dumps for a user will only look on the worker that the
         # user is supposed to be mapped to in2out. The forward bypass session
         # is not necessarily created on that worker.
-        p2 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-              IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-              ICMP(type='dest-unreach', code='port-unreachable') /
-              capture[IP:])
+        p2 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / ICMP(type="dest-unreach", code="port-unreachable")
+            / capture[IP:]
+        )
 
         self.pg0.add_stream(p2)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -4038,11 +4420,11 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
         self.logger.info(ppp("capture packet:", capture))
 
     def test_tcp_session_open_retransmit1(self):
-        """ NAT44ED Open TCP session with SYN,ACK retransmit 1
+        """NAT44ED Open TCP session with SYN,ACK retransmit 1
 
-            The client does not receive the [SYN,ACK] or the
-            ACK from the client is lost. Therefore, the [SYN, ACK]
-            is retransmitted by the server.
+        The client does not receive the [SYN,ACK] or the
+        ACK from the client is lost. Therefore, the [SYN, ACK]
+        is retransmitted by the server.
         """
 
         in_port = self.tcp_port_in
@@ -4053,50 +4435,61 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
         self.nat_add_inside_interface(self.pg0)
         self.nat_add_outside_interface(self.pg1)
 
-        self.vapi.nat_set_timeouts(udp=300, tcp_established=7440,
-                                   tcp_transitory=5, icmp=60)
+        self.vapi.nat_set_timeouts(
+            udp=300, tcp_established=7440, tcp_transitory=5, icmp=60
+        )
         # SYN packet in->out
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port, flags="S"))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port, flags="S")
+        )
         p = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg1)[0]
         out_port = p[TCP].sport
 
         # SYN + ACK packet out->in
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=ext_port, dport=out_port, flags="SA"))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=ext_port, dport=out_port, flags="SA")
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p, self.pg0)
 
         # ACK in->out does not arrive
 
         # resent SYN + ACK packet out->in
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=ext_port, dport=out_port, flags="SA"))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=ext_port, dport=out_port, flags="SA")
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p, self.pg0)
 
         # ACK packet in->out
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port, flags="A"))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port, flags="A")
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg1)
 
         # Verify that the data can be transmitted after the transitory time
         self.virtual_sleep(6)
 
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port, flags="PA") /
-             Raw(payload))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port, flags="PA")
+            / Raw(payload)
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg1)
 
     def test_tcp_session_open_retransmit2(self):
-        """ NAT44ED Open TCP session with SYN,ACK retransmit 2
+        """NAT44ED Open TCP session with SYN,ACK retransmit 2
 
-            The ACK is lost to the server after the TCP session is opened.
-            Data is sent by the client, then the [SYN,ACK] is
-            retransmitted by the server.
+        The ACK is lost to the server after the TCP session is opened.
+        Data is sent by the client, then the [SYN,ACK] is
+        retransmitted by the server.
         """
 
         in_port = self.tcp_port_in
@@ -4107,68 +4500,87 @@ class TestNAT44EDMW(TestNAT44ED):
         self.nat_add_inside_interface(self.pg0)
         self.nat_add_outside_interface(self.pg1)
 
-        self.vapi.nat_set_timeouts(udp=300, tcp_established=7440,
-                                   tcp_transitory=5, icmp=60)
+        self.vapi.nat_set_timeouts(
+            udp=300, tcp_established=7440, tcp_transitory=5, icmp=60
+        )
         # SYN packet in->out
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port, flags="S"))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port, flags="S")
+        )
         p = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg1)[0]
         out_port = p[TCP].sport
 
         # SYN + ACK packet out->in
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=ext_port, dport=out_port, flags="SA"))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=ext_port, dport=out_port, flags="SA")
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p, self.pg0)
 
         # ACK packet in->out -- not received by the server
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port, flags="A"))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port, flags="A")
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg1)
 
         # PUSH + ACK packet in->out
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port, flags="PA") /
-             Raw(payload))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port, flags="PA")
+            / Raw(payload)
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg1)
 
         # resent SYN + ACK packet out->in
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=ext_port, dport=out_port, flags="SA"))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=ext_port, dport=out_port, flags="SA")
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p, self.pg0)
 
         # resent ACK packet in->out
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port, flags="A"))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port, flags="A")
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg1)
 
         # resent PUSH + ACK packet in->out
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port, flags="PA") /
-             Raw(payload))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port, flags="PA")
+            / Raw(payload)
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg1)
 
         # ACK packet out->in
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=ext_port, dport=out_port, flags="A"))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=ext_port, dport=out_port, flags="A")
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p, self.pg0)
 
         # Verify that the data can be transmitted after the transitory time
         self.virtual_sleep(6)
 
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port, flags="PA") /
-             Raw(payload))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=in_port, dport=ext_port, flags="PA")
+            / Raw(payload)
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg1)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_nat44_ed_output.py b/test/test_nat44_ed_output.py
index 4ea8a5b5eda..4d75241c321 100644
--- a/test/test_nat44_ed_output.py
+++ b/test/test_nat44_ed_output.py
@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@ def get_nat44_ed_in2out_worker_index(ip, vpp_worker_count):
 
 
 class TestNAT44EDOutput(VppTestCase):
-    """ NAT44 ED output feature Test Case """
+    """NAT44 ED output feature Test Case"""
+
     max_sessions = 1024
 
     @classmethod
@@ -40,8 +41,7 @@ class TestNAT44EDOutput(VppTestCase):
             i.admin_up()
             i.config_ip4()
             i.resolve_arp()
-        self.vapi.nat44_ed_plugin_enable_disable(sessions=self.max_sessions,
-                                                 enable=1)
+        self.vapi.nat44_ed_plugin_enable_disable(sessions=self.max_sessions, enable=1)
 
     def tearDown(self):
         if not self.vpp_dead:
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class TestNAT44EDOutput(VppTestCase):
             self.vapi.nat44_ed_plugin_enable_disable(enable=0)
 
     def test_static_dynamic(self):
-        """ Create static mapping which matches existing dynamic mapping """
+        """Create static mapping which matches existing dynamic mapping"""
 
         config = self.vapi.nat44_show_running_config()
         old_timeouts = config.timeouts
@@ -63,31 +63,37 @@ class TestNAT44EDOutput(VppTestCase):
             udp=old_timeouts.udp,
             tcp_established=old_timeouts.tcp_established,
             icmp=old_timeouts.icmp,
-            tcp_transitory=new_transitory)
+            tcp_transitory=new_transitory,
+        )
 
         local_host = self.pg0.remote_ip4
         remote_host = self.pg1.remote_ip4
         nat_intf = self.pg1
         outside_addr = nat_intf.local_ip4
 
-        self.vapi.nat44_add_del_address_range(first_ip_address=outside_addr,
-                                              last_ip_address=outside_addr,
-                                              vrf_id=0xffffffff,
-                                              is_add=1,
-                                              flags=0)
+        self.vapi.nat44_add_del_address_range(
+            first_ip_address=outside_addr,
+            last_ip_address=outside_addr,
+            vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF,
+            is_add=1,
+            flags=0,
+        )
+        self.vapi.nat44_interface_add_del_feature(
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_interface_add_del_feature(
             sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
-        self.vapi.nat44_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=VppEnum.vl_api_nat_config_flags_t.NAT_IS_INSIDE, is_add=1)
+            flags=VppEnum.vl_api_nat_config_flags_t.NAT_IS_INSIDE,
+            is_add=1,
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ed_add_del_output_interface(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
         thread_index = get_nat44_ed_in2out_worker_index(
-            local_host, self.vpp_worker_count)
-        port_per_thread = int((0xffff-1024) / max(1, self.vpp_worker_count))
+            local_host, self.vpp_worker_count
+        )
+        port_per_thread = int((0xFFFF - 1024) / max(1, self.vpp_worker_count))
         local_sport = 1024 + random.randint(1, port_per_thread)
         if self.vpp_worker_count > 0:
             local_sport += port_per_thread * (thread_index - 1)
@@ -100,9 +106,11 @@ class TestNAT44EDOutput(VppTestCase):
         # first setup a dynamic TCP session
 
         # SYN packet in->out
-        p = (Ether(src=pg0.remote_mac, dst=pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=local_host, dst=remote_host) /
-             TCP(sport=local_sport, dport=remote_dport, flags="S"))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=pg0.remote_mac, dst=pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=local_host, dst=remote_host)
+            / TCP(sport=local_sport, dport=remote_dport, flags="S")
+        )
         p = self.send_and_expect(pg0, [p], pg1)[0]
 
         self.assertEqual(p[IP].src, outside_addr)
@@ -110,15 +118,19 @@ class TestNAT44EDOutput(VppTestCase):
         outside_port = p[TCP].sport
 
         # SYN+ACK packet out->in
-        p = (Ether(src=pg1.remote_mac, dst=pg1.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=remote_host, dst=outside_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=remote_dport, dport=outside_port, flags="SA"))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=pg1.remote_mac, dst=pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=remote_host, dst=outside_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=remote_dport, dport=outside_port, flags="SA")
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(pg1, [p], pg0)
 
         # ACK packet in->out
-        p = (Ether(src=pg0.remote_mac, dst=pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=local_host, dst=remote_host) /
-             TCP(sport=local_sport, dport=remote_dport, flags="A"))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=pg0.remote_mac, dst=pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=local_host, dst=remote_host)
+            / TCP(sport=local_sport, dport=remote_dport, flags="A")
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(pg0, [p], pg1)
 
         # now we have a session up, create a conflicting static mapping
@@ -126,11 +138,12 @@ class TestNAT44EDOutput(VppTestCase):
             is_add=1,
             local_ip_address=local_host,
             external_ip_address=outside_addr,
-            external_sw_if_index=0xffffffff,
+            external_sw_if_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
             local_port=local_sport,
             external_port=outside_port,
             protocol=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
-            flags=VppEnum.vl_api_nat_config_flags_t.NAT_IS_OUT2IN_ONLY)
+            flags=VppEnum.vl_api_nat_config_flags_t.NAT_IS_OUT2IN_ONLY,
+        )
 
         sessions = self.vapi.nat44_user_session_dump(local_host, 0)
         self.assertEqual(1, len(sessions))
@@ -138,47 +151,56 @@ class TestNAT44EDOutput(VppTestCase):
         # now send some more data over existing session - it should pass
 
         # in->out
-        p = (Ether(src=pg0.remote_mac, dst=pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=local_host, dst=remote_host) /
-             TCP(sport=local_sport, dport=remote_dport) /
-             Raw("zippity zap"))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=pg0.remote_mac, dst=pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=local_host, dst=remote_host)
+            / TCP(sport=local_sport, dport=remote_dport)
+            / Raw("zippity zap")
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(pg0, [p], pg1)
 
         # out->in
-        p = (Ether(src=pg1.remote_mac, dst=pg1.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=remote_host, dst=outside_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=remote_dport, dport=outside_port) /
-             Raw("flippity flop"))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=pg1.remote_mac, dst=pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=remote_host, dst=outside_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=remote_dport, dport=outside_port)
+            / Raw("flippity flop")
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(pg1, [p], pg0)
 
         # now close the session
 
         # FIN packet in -> out
-        p = (Ether(src=pg0.remote_mac, dst=pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=local_host, dst=remote_host) /
-             TCP(sport=local_sport, dport=remote_dport, flags="FA", seq=100,
-                 ack=300))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=pg0.remote_mac, dst=pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=local_host, dst=remote_host)
+            / TCP(sport=local_sport, dport=remote_dport, flags="FA", seq=100, ack=300)
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(pg0, [p], pg1)
 
         # FIN+ACK packet out -> in
-        p = (Ether(src=pg1.remote_mac, dst=pg1.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=remote_host, dst=outside_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=remote_dport, dport=outside_port, flags="FA", seq=300,
-                 ack=101))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=pg1.remote_mac, dst=pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=remote_host, dst=outside_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=remote_dport, dport=outside_port, flags="FA", seq=300, ack=101)
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(pg1, [p], pg0)
 
         # ACK packet in -> out
-        p = (Ether(src=pg0.remote_mac, dst=pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=local_host, dst=remote_host) /
-             TCP(sport=local_sport, dport=remote_dport, flags="A", seq=101,
-                 ack=301))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=pg0.remote_mac, dst=pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=local_host, dst=remote_host)
+            / TCP(sport=local_sport, dport=remote_dport, flags="A", seq=101, ack=301)
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(pg0, [p], pg1)
 
         # session now in transitory timeout
         # try SYN packet in->out - should be dropped
-        p = (Ether(src=pg0.remote_mac, dst=pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=local_host, dst=remote_host) /
-             TCP(sport=local_sport, dport=remote_dport, flags="S"))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=pg0.remote_mac, dst=pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=local_host, dst=remote_host)
+            / TCP(sport=local_sport, dport=remote_dport, flags="S")
+        )
         pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture()
         self.pg_start()
@@ -192,10 +214,11 @@ class TestNAT44EDOutput(VppTestCase):
 
         # send FIN+ACK packet in->out - will cause session to be wiped
         # but won't create a new session
-        p = (Ether(src=pg0.remote_mac, dst=pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=local_host, dst=remote_host) /
-             TCP(sport=local_sport, dport=remote_dport, flags="FA", seq=300,
-                 ack=101))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=pg0.remote_mac, dst=pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=local_host, dst=remote_host)
+            / TCP(sport=local_sport, dport=remote_dport, flags="FA", seq=300, ack=101)
+        )
         pg1.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture()
         self.pg_start()
@@ -207,9 +230,11 @@ class TestNAT44EDOutput(VppTestCase):
         # create a new session and make sure the outside port is remapped
         # SYN packet in->out
 
-        p = (Ether(src=pg0.remote_mac, dst=pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=local_host, dst=remote_host) /
-             TCP(sport=local_sport, dport=remote_dport, flags="S"))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=pg0.remote_mac, dst=pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=local_host, dst=remote_host)
+            / TCP(sport=local_sport, dport=remote_dport, flags="S")
+        )
         p = self.send_and_expect(pg0, [p], pg1)[0]
 
         self.assertEqual(p[IP].src, outside_addr)
@@ -217,14 +242,16 @@ class TestNAT44EDOutput(VppTestCase):
 
         # make sure static mapping works and creates a new session
         # SYN packet out->in
-        p = (Ether(src=pg1.remote_mac, dst=pg1.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=remote_host, dst=outside_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=remote_dport, dport=outside_port, flags="S"))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=pg1.remote_mac, dst=pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=remote_host, dst=outside_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=remote_dport, dport=outside_port, flags="S")
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(pg1, [p], pg0)
 
         sessions = self.vapi.nat44_user_session_dump(pg0.remote_ip4, 0)
         self.assertEqual(2, len(sessions))
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_nat44_ei.py b/test/test_nat44_ei.py
index aafd345f43f..9eb127aaf0b 100644
--- a/test/test_nat44_ei.py
+++ b/test/test_nat44_ei.py
@@ -10,9 +10,19 @@ from io import BytesIO
 import scapy.compat
 from framework import VppTestCase, VppTestRunner
 from ipfix import IPFIX, Set, Template, Data, IPFIXDecoder
-from scapy.all import bind_layers, Packet, ByteEnumField, ShortField, \
-    IPField, IntField, LongField, XByteField, FlagsField, FieldLenField, \
-    PacketListField
+from scapy.all import (
+    bind_layers,
+    Packet,
+    ByteEnumField,
+    ShortField,
+    IPField,
+    IntField,
+    LongField,
+    XByteField,
+    FlagsField,
+    FieldLenField,
+    PacketListField,
+)
 from scapy.data import IP_PROTOS
 from scapy.layers.inet import IP, TCP, UDP, ICMP
 from scapy.layers.inet import IPerror, TCPerror, UDPerror, ICMPerror
@@ -30,22 +40,22 @@ from vpp_papi import VppEnum
 # NAT HA protocol event data
 class Event(Packet):
     name = "Event"
-    fields_desc = [ByteEnumField("event_type", None,
-                                 {1: "add", 2: "del", 3: "refresh"}),
-                   ByteEnumField("protocol", None,
-                                 {0: "other", 1: "udp", 2: "tcp", 3: "icmp"}),
-                   ShortField("flags", 0),
-                   IPField("in_addr", None),
-                   IPField("out_addr", None),
-                   ShortField("in_port", None),
-                   ShortField("out_port", None),
-                   IPField("eh_addr", None),
-                   IPField("ehn_addr", None),
-                   ShortField("eh_port", None),
-                   ShortField("ehn_port", None),
-                   IntField("fib_index", None),
-                   IntField("total_pkts", 0),
-                   LongField("total_bytes", 0)]
+    fields_desc = [
+        ByteEnumField("event_type", None, {1: "add", 2: "del", 3: "refresh"}),
+        ByteEnumField("protocol", None, {0: "other", 1: "udp", 2: "tcp", 3: "icmp"}),
+        ShortField("flags", 0),
+        IPField("in_addr", None),
+        IPField("out_addr", None),
+        ShortField("in_port", None),
+        ShortField("out_port", None),
+        IPField("eh_addr", None),
+        IPField("ehn_addr", None),
+        ShortField("eh_port", None),
+        ShortField("ehn_port", None),
+        IntField("fib_index", None),
+        IntField("total_pkts", 0),
+        LongField("total_bytes", 0),
+    ]
 
     def extract_padding(self, s):
         return "", s
@@ -54,17 +64,18 @@ class Event(Packet):
 # NAT HA protocol header
 class HANATStateSync(Packet):
     name = "HA NAT state sync"
-    fields_desc = [XByteField("version", 1),
-                   FlagsField("flags", 0, 8, ['ACK']),
-                   FieldLenField("count", None, count_of="events"),
-                   IntField("sequence_number", 1),
-                   IntField("thread_index", 0),
-                   PacketListField("events", [], Event,
-                                   count_from=lambda pkt: pkt.count)]
+    fields_desc = [
+        XByteField("version", 1),
+        FlagsField("flags", 0, 8, ["ACK"]),
+        FieldLenField("count", None, count_of="events"),
+        IntField("sequence_number", 1),
+        IntField("thread_index", 0),
+        PacketListField("events", [], Event, count_from=lambda pkt: pkt.count),
+    ]
 
 
 class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
-    """ NAT create capture and verify method holder """
+    """NAT create capture and verify method holder"""
 
     @property
     def config_flags(self):
@@ -74,10 +85,19 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
     def SYSLOG_SEVERITY(self):
         return VppEnum.vl_api_syslog_severity_t
 
-    def nat44_add_static_mapping(self, local_ip, external_ip='0.0.0.0',
-                                 local_port=0, external_port=0, vrf_id=0,
-                                 is_add=1, external_sw_if_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
-                                 proto=0, tag="", flags=0):
+    def nat44_add_static_mapping(
+        self,
+        local_ip,
+        external_ip="0.0.0.0",
+        local_port=0,
+        external_port=0,
+        vrf_id=0,
+        is_add=1,
+        external_sw_if_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
+        proto=0,
+        tag="",
+        flags=0,
+    ):
         """
         Add/delete NAT44EI static mapping
 
@@ -103,9 +123,11 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
             external_sw_if_index=external_sw_if_index,
             local_port=local_port,
             external_port=external_port,
-            vrf_id=vrf_id, protocol=proto,
+            vrf_id=vrf_id,
+            protocol=proto,
             flags=flags,
-            tag=tag)
+            tag=tag,
+        )
 
     def nat44_add_address(self, ip, is_add=1, vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF):
         """
@@ -114,31 +136,40 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
         :param ip: IP address
         :param is_add: 1 if add, 0 if delete (Default add)
         """
-        self.vapi.nat44_ei_add_del_address_range(first_ip_address=ip,
-                                                 last_ip_address=ip,
-                                                 vrf_id=vrf_id,
-                                                 is_add=is_add)
+        self.vapi.nat44_ei_add_del_address_range(
+            first_ip_address=ip, last_ip_address=ip, vrf_id=vrf_id, is_add=is_add
+        )
 
     def create_routes_and_neigbors(self):
-        r1 = VppIpRoute(self, self.pg7.remote_ip4, 32,
-                        [VppRoutePath(self.pg7.remote_ip4,
-                                      self.pg7.sw_if_index)])
-        r2 = VppIpRoute(self, self.pg8.remote_ip4, 32,
-                        [VppRoutePath(self.pg8.remote_ip4,
-                                      self.pg8.sw_if_index)])
+        r1 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            self.pg7.remote_ip4,
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg7.remote_ip4, self.pg7.sw_if_index)],
+        )
+        r2 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            self.pg8.remote_ip4,
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg8.remote_ip4, self.pg8.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         r1.add_vpp_config()
         r2.add_vpp_config()
 
-        n1 = VppNeighbor(self,
-                         self.pg7.sw_if_index,
-                         self.pg7.remote_mac,
-                         self.pg7.remote_ip4,
-                         is_static=1)
-        n2 = VppNeighbor(self,
-                         self.pg8.sw_if_index,
-                         self.pg8.remote_mac,
-                         self.pg8.remote_ip4,
-                         is_static=1)
+        n1 = VppNeighbor(
+            self,
+            self.pg7.sw_if_index,
+            self.pg7.remote_mac,
+            self.pg7.remote_ip4,
+            is_static=1,
+        )
+        n2 = VppNeighbor(
+            self,
+            self.pg8.sw_if_index,
+            self.pg8.remote_mac,
+            self.pg8.remote_ip4,
+            is_static=1,
+        )
         n1.add_vpp_config()
         n2.add_vpp_config()
 
@@ -156,21 +187,27 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
 
         pkts = []
         # TCP
-        p = (Ether(dst=in_if.local_mac, src=in_if.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=in_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_ip, ttl=ttl) /
-             TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=20))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=in_if.local_mac, src=in_if.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=in_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_ip, ttl=ttl)
+            / TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=20)
+        )
         pkts.extend([p, p])
 
         # UDP
-        p = (Ether(dst=in_if.local_mac, src=in_if.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=in_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_ip, ttl=ttl) /
-             UDP(sport=self.udp_port_in, dport=20))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=in_if.local_mac, src=in_if.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=in_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_ip, ttl=ttl)
+            / UDP(sport=self.udp_port_in, dport=20)
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
 
         # ICMP
-        p = (Ether(dst=in_if.local_mac, src=in_if.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=in_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_ip, ttl=ttl) /
-             ICMP(id=self.icmp_id_in, type='echo-request'))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=in_if.local_mac, src=in_if.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=in_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_ip, ttl=ttl)
+            / ICMP(id=self.icmp_id_in, type="echo-request")
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
 
         return pkts
@@ -216,11 +253,10 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
             pref_n[13] = ip4_n[1]
             pref_n[14] = ip4_n[2]
             pref_n[15] = ip4_n[3]
-        packed_pref_n = b''.join([scapy.compat.chb(x) for x in pref_n])
+        packed_pref_n = b"".join([scapy.compat.chb(x) for x in pref_n])
         return socket.inet_ntop(socket.AF_INET6, packed_pref_n)
 
-    def create_stream_out(self, out_if, dst_ip=None, ttl=64,
-                          use_inside_ports=False):
+    def create_stream_out(self, out_if, dst_ip=None, ttl=64, use_inside_ports=False):
         """
         Create packet stream for outside network
 
@@ -242,21 +278,27 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
             icmp_id = self.icmp_id_in
         pkts = []
         # TCP
-        p = (Ether(dst=out_if.local_mac, src=out_if.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=out_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_ip, ttl=ttl) /
-             TCP(dport=tcp_port, sport=20))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=out_if.local_mac, src=out_if.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=out_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_ip, ttl=ttl)
+            / TCP(dport=tcp_port, sport=20)
+        )
         pkts.extend([p, p])
 
         # UDP
-        p = (Ether(dst=out_if.local_mac, src=out_if.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=out_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_ip, ttl=ttl) /
-             UDP(dport=udp_port, sport=20))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=out_if.local_mac, src=out_if.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=out_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_ip, ttl=ttl)
+            / UDP(dport=udp_port, sport=20)
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
 
         # ICMP
-        p = (Ether(dst=out_if.local_mac, src=out_if.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=out_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_ip, ttl=ttl) /
-             ICMP(id=icmp_id, type='echo-reply'))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=out_if.local_mac, src=out_if.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=out_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_ip, ttl=ttl)
+            / ICMP(id=icmp_id, type="echo-reply")
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
 
         return pkts
@@ -271,27 +313,40 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
         """
         pkts = []
         # TCP
-        p = (Ether(dst=out_if.local_mac, src=out_if.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=src_ip, dst=dst_ip, hlim=hl) /
-             TCP(dport=self.tcp_port_out, sport=20))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=out_if.local_mac, src=out_if.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=src_ip, dst=dst_ip, hlim=hl)
+            / TCP(dport=self.tcp_port_out, sport=20)
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
 
         # UDP
-        p = (Ether(dst=out_if.local_mac, src=out_if.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=src_ip, dst=dst_ip, hlim=hl) /
-             UDP(dport=self.udp_port_out, sport=20))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=out_if.local_mac, src=out_if.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=src_ip, dst=dst_ip, hlim=hl)
+            / UDP(dport=self.udp_port_out, sport=20)
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
 
         # ICMP
-        p = (Ether(dst=out_if.local_mac, src=out_if.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=src_ip, dst=dst_ip, hlim=hl) /
-             ICMPv6EchoReply(id=self.icmp_id_out))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=out_if.local_mac, src=out_if.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=src_ip, dst=dst_ip, hlim=hl)
+            / ICMPv6EchoReply(id=self.icmp_id_out)
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
 
         return pkts
 
-    def verify_capture_out(self, capture, nat_ip=None, same_port=False,
-                           dst_ip=None, is_ip6=False, ignore_port=False):
+    def verify_capture_out(
+        self,
+        capture,
+        nat_ip=None,
+        same_port=False,
+        dst_ip=None,
+        is_ip6=False,
+        ignore_port=False,
+    ):
         """
         Verify captured packets on outside network
 
@@ -319,39 +374,33 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
                 if packet.haslayer(TCP):
                     if not ignore_port:
                         if same_port:
-                            self.assertEqual(
-                                packet[TCP].sport, self.tcp_port_in)
+                            self.assertEqual(packet[TCP].sport, self.tcp_port_in)
                         else:
-                            self.assertNotEqual(
-                                packet[TCP].sport, self.tcp_port_in)
+                            self.assertNotEqual(packet[TCP].sport, self.tcp_port_in)
                     self.tcp_port_out = packet[TCP].sport
                     self.assert_packet_checksums_valid(packet)
                 elif packet.haslayer(UDP):
                     if not ignore_port:
                         if same_port:
-                            self.assertEqual(
-                                packet[UDP].sport, self.udp_port_in)
+                            self.assertEqual(packet[UDP].sport, self.udp_port_in)
                         else:
-                            self.assertNotEqual(
-                                packet[UDP].sport, self.udp_port_in)
+                            self.assertNotEqual(packet[UDP].sport, self.udp_port_in)
                     self.udp_port_out = packet[UDP].sport
                 else:
                     if not ignore_port:
                         if same_port:
-                            self.assertEqual(
-                                packet[ICMP46].id, self.icmp_id_in)
+                            self.assertEqual(packet[ICMP46].id, self.icmp_id_in)
                         else:
-                            self.assertNotEqual(
-                                packet[ICMP46].id, self.icmp_id_in)
+                            self.assertNotEqual(packet[ICMP46].id, self.icmp_id_in)
                     self.icmp_id_out = packet[ICMP46].id
                     self.assert_packet_checksums_valid(packet)
             except:
-                self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet "
-                                      "(outside network):", packet))
+                self.logger.error(
+                    ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet (outside network):", packet)
+                )
                 raise
 
-    def verify_capture_out_ip6(self, capture, nat_ip, same_port=False,
-                               dst_ip=None):
+    def verify_capture_out_ip6(self, capture, nat_ip, same_port=False, dst_ip=None):
         """
         Verify captured packets on outside network
 
@@ -360,8 +409,7 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
         :param same_port: Source port number is not translated (Default False)
         :param dst_ip: Destination IP address (Default do not verify)
         """
-        return self.verify_capture_out(capture, nat_ip, same_port, dst_ip,
-                                       True)
+        return self.verify_capture_out(capture, nat_ip, same_port, dst_ip, True)
 
     def verify_capture_in(self, capture, in_if):
         """
@@ -381,8 +429,9 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
                 else:
                     self.assertEqual(packet[ICMP].id, self.icmp_id_in)
             except:
-                self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet "
-                                      "(inside network):", packet))
+                self.logger.error(
+                    ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet (inside network):", packet)
+                )
                 raise
 
     def verify_capture_no_translation(self, capture, ingress_if, egress_if):
@@ -404,12 +453,12 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
                 else:
                     self.assertEqual(packet[ICMP].id, self.icmp_id_in)
             except:
-                self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet "
-                                      "(inside network):", packet))
+                self.logger.error(
+                    ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet (inside network):", packet)
+                )
                 raise
 
-    def verify_capture_out_with_icmp_errors(self, capture, src_ip=None,
-                                            icmp_type=11):
+    def verify_capture_out_with_icmp_errors(self, capture, src_ip=None, icmp_type=11):
         """
         Verify captured packets with ICMP errors on outside network
 
@@ -430,16 +479,15 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
                 self.assertTrue(icmp.haslayer(IPerror))
                 inner_ip = icmp[IPerror]
                 if inner_ip.haslayer(TCPerror):
-                    self.assertEqual(inner_ip[TCPerror].dport,
-                                     self.tcp_port_out)
+                    self.assertEqual(inner_ip[TCPerror].dport, self.tcp_port_out)
                 elif inner_ip.haslayer(UDPerror):
-                    self.assertEqual(inner_ip[UDPerror].dport,
-                                     self.udp_port_out)
+                    self.assertEqual(inner_ip[UDPerror].dport, self.udp_port_out)
                 else:
                     self.assertEqual(inner_ip[ICMPerror].id, self.icmp_id_out)
             except:
-                self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet "
-                                      "(outside network):", packet))
+                self.logger.error(
+                    ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet (outside network):", packet)
+                )
                 raise
 
     def verify_capture_in_with_icmp_errors(self, capture, in_if, icmp_type=11):
@@ -460,20 +508,20 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
                 self.assertTrue(icmp.haslayer(IPerror))
                 inner_ip = icmp[IPerror]
                 if inner_ip.haslayer(TCPerror):
-                    self.assertEqual(inner_ip[TCPerror].sport,
-                                     self.tcp_port_in)
+                    self.assertEqual(inner_ip[TCPerror].sport, self.tcp_port_in)
                 elif inner_ip.haslayer(UDPerror):
-                    self.assertEqual(inner_ip[UDPerror].sport,
-                                     self.udp_port_in)
+                    self.assertEqual(inner_ip[UDPerror].sport, self.udp_port_in)
                 else:
                     self.assertEqual(inner_ip[ICMPerror].id, self.icmp_id_in)
             except:
-                self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet "
-                                      "(inside network):", packet))
+                self.logger.error(
+                    ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet (inside network):", packet)
+                )
                 raise
 
-    def create_stream_frag(self, src_if, dst, sport, dport, data,
-                           proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp, echo_reply=False):
+    def create_stream_frag(
+        self, src_if, dst, sport, dport, data, proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp, echo_reply=False
+    ):
         """
         Create fragmented packet stream
 
@@ -487,9 +535,11 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
         :returns: Fragments
         """
         if proto == IP_PROTOS.tcp:
-            p = (IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst) /
-                 TCP(sport=sport, dport=dport) /
-                 Raw(data))
+            p = (
+                IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst)
+                / TCP(sport=sport, dport=dport)
+                / Raw(data)
+            )
             p = p.__class__(scapy.compat.raw(p))
             chksum = p[TCP].chksum
             proto_header = TCP(sport=sport, dport=dport, chksum=chksum)
@@ -497,9 +547,9 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
             proto_header = UDP(sport=sport, dport=dport)
         elif proto == IP_PROTOS.icmp:
             if not echo_reply:
-                proto_header = ICMP(id=sport, type='echo-request')
+                proto_header = ICMP(id=sport, type="echo-request")
             else:
-                proto_header = ICMP(id=sport, type='echo-reply')
+                proto_header = ICMP(id=sport, type="echo-reply")
         else:
             raise Exception("Unsupported protocol")
         id = random.randint(0, 65535)
@@ -508,28 +558,32 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
             raw = Raw(data[0:4])
         else:
             raw = Raw(data[0:16])
-        p = (Ether(src=src_if.remote_mac, dst=src_if.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst, flags="MF", frag=0, id=id) /
-             proto_header /
-             raw)
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=src_if.remote_mac, dst=src_if.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst, flags="MF", frag=0, id=id)
+            / proto_header
+            / raw
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
         if proto == IP_PROTOS.tcp:
             raw = Raw(data[4:20])
         else:
             raw = Raw(data[16:32])
-        p = (Ether(src=src_if.remote_mac, dst=src_if.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst, flags="MF", frag=3, id=id,
-                proto=proto) /
-             raw)
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=src_if.remote_mac, dst=src_if.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst, flags="MF", frag=3, id=id, proto=proto)
+            / raw
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
         if proto == IP_PROTOS.tcp:
             raw = Raw(data[20:])
         else:
             raw = Raw(data[32:])
-        p = (Ether(src=src_if.remote_mac, dst=src_if.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst, frag=5, proto=proto,
-                id=id) /
-             raw)
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=src_if.remote_mac, dst=src_if.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst, frag=5, proto=proto, id=id)
+            / raw
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
         return pkts
 
@@ -550,17 +604,15 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
             self.assert_ip_checksum_valid(p)
             buffer.seek(p[IP].frag * 8)
             buffer.write(bytes(p[IP].payload))
-        ip = IP(src=frags[0][IP].src, dst=frags[0][IP].dst,
-                proto=frags[0][IP].proto)
+        ip = IP(src=frags[0][IP].src, dst=frags[0][IP].dst, proto=frags[0][IP].proto)
         if ip.proto == IP_PROTOS.tcp:
-            p = (ip / TCP(buffer.getvalue()))
+            p = ip / TCP(buffer.getvalue())
             self.logger.debug(ppp("Reassembled:", p))
             self.assert_tcp_checksum_valid(p)
         elif ip.proto == IP_PROTOS.udp:
-            p = (ip / UDP(buffer.getvalue()[:8]) /
-                 Raw(buffer.getvalue()[8:]))
+            p = ip / UDP(buffer.getvalue()[:8]) / Raw(buffer.getvalue()[8:])
         elif ip.proto == IP_PROTOS.icmp:
-            p = (ip / ICMP(buffer.getvalue()))
+            p = ip / ICMP(buffer.getvalue())
         return p
 
     def verify_ipfix_nat44_ses(self, data):
@@ -580,29 +632,24 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
             else:
                 nat44_ses_delete_num += 1
             # sourceIPv4Address
-            self.assertEqual(self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                             str(ipaddress.IPv4Address(record[8])))
+            self.assertEqual(self.pg0.remote_ip4, str(ipaddress.IPv4Address(record[8])))
             # postNATSourceIPv4Address
-            self.assertEqual(socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET, self.nat_addr),
-                             record[225])
+            self.assertEqual(
+                socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET, self.nat_addr), record[225]
+            )
             # ingressVRFID
             self.assertEqual(struct.pack("!I", 0), record[234])
             # protocolIdentifier/sourceTransportPort
             # /postNAPTSourceTransportPort
             if IP_PROTOS.icmp == scapy.compat.orb(record[4]):
                 self.assertEqual(struct.pack("!H", self.icmp_id_in), record[7])
-                self.assertEqual(struct.pack("!H", self.icmp_id_out),
-                                 record[227])
+                self.assertEqual(struct.pack("!H", self.icmp_id_out), record[227])
             elif IP_PROTOS.tcp == scapy.compat.orb(record[4]):
-                self.assertEqual(struct.pack("!H", self.tcp_port_in),
-                                 record[7])
-                self.assertEqual(struct.pack("!H", self.tcp_port_out),
-                                 record[227])
+                self.assertEqual(struct.pack("!H", self.tcp_port_in), record[7])
+                self.assertEqual(struct.pack("!H", self.tcp_port_out), record[227])
             elif IP_PROTOS.udp == scapy.compat.orb(record[4]):
-                self.assertEqual(struct.pack("!H", self.udp_port_in),
-                                 record[7])
-                self.assertEqual(struct.pack("!H", self.udp_port_out),
-                                 record[227])
+                self.assertEqual(struct.pack("!H", self.udp_port_in), record[7])
+                self.assertEqual(struct.pack("!H", self.udp_port_out), record[227])
             else:
                 self.fail(f"Invalid protocol {scapy.compat.orb(record[4])}")
         self.assertEqual(3, nat44_ses_create_num)
@@ -627,16 +674,16 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(struct.pack("!I", limit), record[471])
 
     def verify_no_nat44_user(self):
-        """ Verify that there is no NAT44EI user """
+        """Verify that there is no NAT44EI user"""
         users = self.vapi.nat44_ei_user_dump()
         self.assertEqual(len(users), 0)
-        users = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/total-users']
+        users = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/total-users"]
         self.assertEqual(users[0][0], 0)
-        sessions = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/total-sessions']
+        sessions = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/total-sessions"]
         self.assertEqual(sessions[0][0], 0)
 
     def verify_syslog_apmap(self, data, is_add=True):
-        message = data.decode('utf-8')
+        message = data.decode("utf-8")
         try:
             message = SyslogMessage.parse(message)
         except ParseError as e:
@@ -644,26 +691,26 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
             raise
         else:
             self.assertEqual(message.severity, SyslogSeverity.info)
-            self.assertEqual(message.appname, 'NAT')
-            self.assertEqual(message.msgid, 'APMADD' if is_add else 'APMDEL')
-            sd_params = message.sd.get('napmap')
+            self.assertEqual(message.appname, "NAT")
+            self.assertEqual(message.msgid, "APMADD" if is_add else "APMDEL")
+            sd_params = message.sd.get("napmap")
             self.assertTrue(sd_params is not None)
-            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get('IATYP'), 'IPv4')
-            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get('ISADDR'), self.pg0.remote_ip4)
-            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get('ISPORT'), "%d" % self.tcp_port_in)
-            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get('XATYP'), 'IPv4')
-            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get('XSADDR'), self.nat_addr)
-            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get('XSPORT'), "%d" % self.tcp_port_out)
-            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get('PROTO'), "%d" % IP_PROTOS.tcp)
-            self.assertTrue(sd_params.get('SSUBIX') is not None)
-            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get('SVLAN'), '0')
+            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get("IATYP"), "IPv4")
+            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get("ISADDR"), self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get("ISPORT"), "%d" % self.tcp_port_in)
+            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get("XATYP"), "IPv4")
+            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get("XSADDR"), self.nat_addr)
+            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get("XSPORT"), "%d" % self.tcp_port_out)
+            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get("PROTO"), "%d" % IP_PROTOS.tcp)
+            self.assertTrue(sd_params.get("SSUBIX") is not None)
+            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get("SVLAN"), "0")
 
     def verify_mss_value(self, pkt, mss):
         if not pkt.haslayer(IP) or not pkt.haslayer(TCP):
             raise TypeError("Not a TCP/IP packet")
 
         for option in pkt[TCP].options:
-            if option[0] == 'MSS':
+            if option[0] == "MSS":
                 self.assertEqual(option[1], mss)
                 self.assert_tcp_checksum_valid(pkt)
 
@@ -678,8 +725,9 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
         else:
             raise Exception("Unsupported protocol")
 
-    def frag_in_order(self, proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp, dont_translate=False,
-                      ignore_port=False):
+    def frag_in_order(
+        self, proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp, dont_translate=False, ignore_port=False
+    ):
         layer = self.proto2layer(proto)
 
         if proto == IP_PROTOS.tcp:
@@ -689,20 +737,19 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
         self.port_in = random.randint(1025, 65535)
 
         # in2out
-        pkts = self.create_stream_frag(self.pg0, self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                       self.port_in, 20, data, proto)
+        pkts = self.create_stream_frag(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1.remote_ip4, self.port_in, 20, data, proto
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
         frags = self.pg1.get_capture(len(pkts))
         if not dont_translate:
-            p = self.reass_frags_and_verify(frags,
-                                            self.nat_addr,
-                                            self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            p = self.reass_frags_and_verify(frags, self.nat_addr, self.pg1.remote_ip4)
         else:
-            p = self.reass_frags_and_verify(frags,
-                                            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                            self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            p = self.reass_frags_and_verify(
+                frags, self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.pg1.remote_ip4
+            )
         if proto != IP_PROTOS.icmp:
             if not dont_translate:
                 self.assertEqual(p[layer].dport, 20)
@@ -729,15 +776,14 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
         else:
             sport = p[layer].id
             dport = 0
-        pkts = self.create_stream_frag(self.pg1, dst_addr, sport, dport, data,
-                                       proto, echo_reply=True)
+        pkts = self.create_stream_frag(
+            self.pg1, dst_addr, sport, dport, data, proto, echo_reply=True
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
         frags = self.pg0.get_capture(len(pkts))
-        p = self.reass_frags_and_verify(frags,
-                                        self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                        self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        p = self.reass_frags_and_verify(frags, self.pg1.remote_ip4, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
         if proto != IP_PROTOS.icmp:
             self.assertEqual(p[layer].sport, 20)
             self.assertEqual(p[layer].dport, self.port_in)
@@ -745,9 +791,15 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(p[layer].id, self.port_in)
         self.assertEqual(data, p[Raw].load)
 
-    def reass_hairpinning(self, server_addr, server_in_port, server_out_port,
-                          host_in_port, proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
-                          ignore_port=False):
+    def reass_hairpinning(
+        self,
+        server_addr,
+        server_in_port,
+        server_out_port,
+        host_in_port,
+        proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
+        ignore_port=False,
+    ):
 
         layer = self.proto2layer(proto)
 
@@ -757,19 +809,14 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
             data = b"A" * 16 + b"B" * 16 + b"C" * 3
 
         # send packet from host to server
-        pkts = self.create_stream_frag(self.pg0,
-                                       self.nat_addr,
-                                       host_in_port,
-                                       server_out_port,
-                                       data,
-                                       proto)
+        pkts = self.create_stream_frag(
+            self.pg0, self.nat_addr, host_in_port, server_out_port, data, proto
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
         frags = self.pg0.get_capture(len(pkts))
-        p = self.reass_frags_and_verify(frags,
-                                        self.nat_addr,
-                                        server_addr)
+        p = self.reass_frags_and_verify(frags, self.nat_addr, server_addr)
         if proto != IP_PROTOS.icmp:
             if not ignore_port:
                 self.assertNotEqual(p[layer].sport, host_in_port)
@@ -779,8 +826,9 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
                 self.assertNotEqual(p[layer].id, host_in_port)
         self.assertEqual(data, p[Raw].load)
 
-    def frag_out_of_order(self, proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp, dont_translate=False,
-                          ignore_port=False):
+    def frag_out_of_order(
+        self, proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp, dont_translate=False, ignore_port=False
+    ):
         layer = self.proto2layer(proto)
 
         if proto == IP_PROTOS.tcp:
@@ -791,21 +839,22 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
 
         for i in range(2):
             # in2out
-            pkts = self.create_stream_frag(self.pg0, self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                           self.port_in, 20, data, proto)
+            pkts = self.create_stream_frag(
+                self.pg0, self.pg1.remote_ip4, self.port_in, 20, data, proto
+            )
             pkts.reverse()
             self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
             self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
             self.pg_start()
             frags = self.pg1.get_capture(len(pkts))
             if not dont_translate:
-                p = self.reass_frags_and_verify(frags,
-                                                self.nat_addr,
-                                                self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+                p = self.reass_frags_and_verify(
+                    frags, self.nat_addr, self.pg1.remote_ip4
+                )
             else:
-                p = self.reass_frags_and_verify(frags,
-                                                self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                                self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+                p = self.reass_frags_and_verify(
+                    frags, self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.pg1.remote_ip4
+                )
             if proto != IP_PROTOS.icmp:
                 if not dont_translate:
                     self.assertEqual(p[layer].dport, 20)
@@ -832,16 +881,17 @@ class MethodHolder(VppTestCase):
             else:
                 sport = p[layer].id
                 dport = 0
-            pkts = self.create_stream_frag(self.pg1, dst_addr, sport, dport,
-                                           data, proto, echo_reply=True)
+            pkts = self.create_stream_frag(
+                self.pg1, dst_addr, sport, dport, data, proto, echo_reply=True
+            )
             pkts.reverse()
             self.pg1.add_stream(pkts)
             self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
             self.pg_start()
             frags = self.pg0.get_capture(len(pkts))
-            p = self.reass_frags_and_verify(frags,
-                                            self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                            self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+            p = self.reass_frags_and_verify(
+                frags, self.pg1.remote_ip4, self.pg0.remote_ip4
+            )
             if proto != IP_PROTOS.icmp:
                 self.assertEqual(p[layer].sport, 20)
                 self.assertEqual(p[layer].dport, self.port_in)
@@ -861,7 +911,7 @@ def get_nat44_ei_in2out_worker_index(ip, vpp_worker_count):
 
 
 class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
-    """ NAT44EI Test Cases """
+    """NAT44EI Test Cases"""
 
     max_translations = 10240
     max_users = 10240
@@ -877,7 +927,7 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         cls.udp_port_out = 6304
         cls.icmp_id_in = 6305
         cls.icmp_id_out = 6305
-        cls.nat_addr = '10.0.0.3'
+        cls.nat_addr = "10.0.0.3"
         cls.ipfix_src_port = 4739
         cls.ipfix_domain_id = 1
         cls.tcp_external_port = 80
@@ -898,8 +948,8 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         cls.pg1.configure_ipv4_neighbors()
 
         cls.overlapping_interfaces = list(list(cls.pg_interfaces[4:7]))
-        cls.vapi.ip_table_add_del(is_add=1, table={'table_id': 10})
-        cls.vapi.ip_table_add_del(is_add=1, table={'table_id': 20})
+        cls.vapi.ip_table_add_del(is_add=1, table={"table_id": 10})
+        cls.vapi.ip_table_add_del(is_add=1, table={"table_id": 20})
 
         cls.pg4._local_ip4 = "172.16.255.1"
         cls.pg4._remote_hosts[0]._ip4 = "172.16.255.2"
@@ -921,8 +971,8 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         cls.pg9.generate_remote_hosts(2)
         cls.pg9.config_ip4()
         cls.vapi.sw_interface_add_del_address(
-            sw_if_index=cls.pg9.sw_if_index,
-            prefix="10.0.0.1/24")
+            sw_if_index=cls.pg9.sw_if_index, prefix="10.0.0.1/24"
+        )
 
         cls.pg9.admin_up()
         cls.pg9.resolve_arp()
@@ -932,8 +982,8 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
 
     def plugin_enable(self):
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_plugin_enable_disable(
-            sessions=self.max_translations,
-            users=self.max_users, enable=1)
+            sessions=self.max_translations, users=self.max_users, enable=1
+        )
 
     def setUp(self):
         super(TestNAT44EI, self).setUp()
@@ -943,8 +993,8 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         super(TestNAT44EI, self).tearDown()
         if not self.vpp_dead:
             self.vapi.nat44_ei_ipfix_enable_disable(
-                domain_id=self.ipfix_domain_id, src_port=self.ipfix_src_port,
-                enable=0)
+                domain_id=self.ipfix_domain_id, src_port=self.ipfix_src_port, enable=0
+            )
             self.ipfix_src_port = 4739
             self.ipfix_domain_id = 1
 
@@ -952,16 +1002,16 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
             self.vapi.cli("clear logging")
 
     def test_clear_sessions(self):
-        """ NAT44EI session clearing test """
+        """NAT44EI session clearing test"""
 
         self.nat44_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
         pkts = self.create_stream_in(self.pg0, self.pg1)
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
@@ -970,32 +1020,32 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         capture = self.pg1.get_capture(len(pkts))
         self.verify_capture_out(capture)
 
-        sessions = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/total-sessions']
+        sessions = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/total-sessions"]
         self.assertGreater(sessions[:, 0].sum(), 0, "Session count invalid")
         self.logger.info("sessions before clearing: %s" % sessions[0][0])
 
         self.vapi.cli("clear nat44 ei sessions")
 
-        sessions = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/total-sessions']
+        sessions = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/total-sessions"]
         self.assertEqual(sessions[:, 0].sum(), 0, "Session count invalid")
         self.logger.info("sessions after clearing: %s" % sessions[0][0])
 
     def test_dynamic(self):
-        """ NAT44EI dynamic translation test """
+        """NAT44EI dynamic translation test"""
         self.nat44_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
         # in2out
-        tcpn = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/in2out/slowpath/tcp']
-        udpn = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/in2out/slowpath/udp']
-        icmpn = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/in2out/slowpath/icmp']
-        drops = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/in2out/slowpath/drops']
+        tcpn = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/in2out/slowpath/tcp"]
+        udpn = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/in2out/slowpath/udp"]
+        icmpn = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/in2out/slowpath/icmp"]
+        drops = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/in2out/slowpath/drops"]
 
         pkts = self.create_stream_in(self.pg0, self.pg1)
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
@@ -1005,20 +1055,20 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.verify_capture_out(capture)
 
         if_idx = self.pg0.sw_if_index
-        cnt = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/in2out/slowpath/tcp']
+        cnt = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/in2out/slowpath/tcp"]
         self.assertEqual(cnt[:, if_idx].sum() - tcpn[:, if_idx].sum(), 2)
-        cnt = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/in2out/slowpath/udp']
+        cnt = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/in2out/slowpath/udp"]
         self.assertEqual(cnt[:, if_idx].sum() - udpn[:, if_idx].sum(), 1)
-        cnt = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/in2out/slowpath/icmp']
+        cnt = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/in2out/slowpath/icmp"]
         self.assertEqual(cnt[:, if_idx].sum() - icmpn[:, if_idx].sum(), 1)
-        cnt = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/in2out/slowpath/drops']
+        cnt = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/in2out/slowpath/drops"]
         self.assertEqual(cnt[:, if_idx].sum() - drops[:, if_idx].sum(), 0)
 
         # out2in
-        tcpn = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/out2in/slowpath/tcp']
-        udpn = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/out2in/slowpath/udp']
-        icmpn = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/out2in/slowpath/icmp']
-        drops = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/out2in/slowpath/drops']
+        tcpn = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/out2in/slowpath/tcp"]
+        udpn = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/out2in/slowpath/udp"]
+        icmpn = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/out2in/slowpath/icmp"]
+        drops = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/out2in/slowpath/drops"]
 
         pkts = self.create_stream_out(self.pg1)
         self.pg1.add_stream(pkts)
@@ -1028,31 +1078,31 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.verify_capture_in(capture, self.pg0)
 
         if_idx = self.pg1.sw_if_index
-        cnt = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/out2in/slowpath/tcp']
+        cnt = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/out2in/slowpath/tcp"]
         self.assertEqual(cnt[:, if_idx].sum() - tcpn[:, if_idx].sum(), 2)
-        cnt = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/out2in/slowpath/udp']
+        cnt = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/out2in/slowpath/udp"]
         self.assertEqual(cnt[:, if_idx].sum() - udpn[:, if_idx].sum(), 1)
-        cnt = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/out2in/slowpath/icmp']
+        cnt = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/out2in/slowpath/icmp"]
         self.assertEqual(cnt[:, if_idx].sum() - icmpn[:, if_idx].sum(), 1)
-        cnt = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/out2in/slowpath/drops']
+        cnt = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/out2in/slowpath/drops"]
         self.assertEqual(cnt[:, if_idx].sum() - drops[:, if_idx].sum(), 0)
 
-        users = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/total-users']
+        users = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/total-users"]
         self.assertEqual(users[:, 0].sum(), 1)
-        sessions = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/total-sessions']
+        sessions = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/total-sessions"]
         self.assertEqual(sessions[:, 0].sum(), 3)
 
     def test_dynamic_icmp_errors_in2out_ttl_1(self):
-        """ NAT44EI handling of client packets with TTL=1 """
+        """NAT44EI handling of client packets with TTL=1"""
 
         self.nat44_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
         # Client side - generate traffic
         pkts = self.create_stream_in(self.pg0, self.pg1, ttl=1)
@@ -1062,16 +1112,16 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.verify_capture_in_with_icmp_errors(capture, self.pg0)
 
     def test_dynamic_icmp_errors_out2in_ttl_1(self):
-        """ NAT44EI handling of server packets with TTL=1 """
+        """NAT44EI handling of server packets with TTL=1"""
 
         self.nat44_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
         # Client side - create sessions
         pkts = self.create_stream_in(self.pg0, self.pg1)
@@ -1086,21 +1136,19 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         capture = self.send_and_expect_some(self.pg1, pkts, self.pg1)
 
         # Server side - verify ICMP type 11 packets
-        self.verify_capture_out_with_icmp_errors(capture,
-                                                 src_ip=self.pg1.local_ip4)
+        self.verify_capture_out_with_icmp_errors(capture, src_ip=self.pg1.local_ip4)
 
     def test_dynamic_icmp_errors_in2out_ttl_2(self):
-        """ NAT44EI handling of error responses to client packets with TTL=2
-        """
+        """NAT44EI handling of error responses to client packets with TTL=2"""
 
         self.nat44_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
         # Client side - generate traffic
         pkts = self.create_stream_in(self.pg0, self.pg1, ttl=2)
@@ -1110,9 +1158,13 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
 
         # Server side - simulate ICMP type 11 response
         capture = self.pg1.get_capture(len(pkts))
-        pkts = [Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-                IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-                ICMP(type=11) / packet[IP] for packet in capture]
+        pkts = [
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / ICMP(type=11)
+            / packet[IP]
+            for packet in capture
+        ]
         self.pg1.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1122,17 +1174,16 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.verify_capture_in_with_icmp_errors(capture, self.pg0)
 
     def test_dynamic_icmp_errors_out2in_ttl_2(self):
-        """ NAT44EI handling of error responses to server packets with TTL=2
-        """
+        """NAT44EI handling of error responses to server packets with TTL=2"""
 
         self.nat44_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
         # Client side - create sessions
         pkts = self.create_stream_in(self.pg0, self.pg1)
@@ -1150,9 +1201,13 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
 
         # Client side - simulate ICMP type 11 response
         capture = self.pg0.get_capture(len(pkts))
-        pkts = [Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-                ICMP(type=11) / packet[IP] for packet in capture]
+        pkts = [
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / ICMP(type=11)
+            / packet[IP]
+            for packet in capture
+        ]
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1162,20 +1217,22 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.verify_capture_out_with_icmp_errors(capture)
 
     def test_ping_out_interface_from_outside(self):
-        """ NAT44EI ping out interface from outside network """
+        """NAT44EI ping out interface from outside network"""
 
         self.nat44_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.local_ip4) /
-             ICMP(id=self.icmp_id_out, type='echo-request'))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.local_ip4)
+            / ICMP(id=self.icmp_id_out, type="echo-request")
+        )
         pkts = [p]
         self.pg1.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -1188,26 +1245,29 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
             self.assertEqual(packet[ICMP].id, self.icmp_id_in)
             self.assertEqual(packet[ICMP].type, 0)  # echo reply
         except:
-            self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet "
-                                  "(outside network):", packet))
+            self.logger.error(
+                ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet (outside network):", packet)
+            )
             raise
 
     def test_ping_internal_host_from_outside(self):
-        """ NAT44EI ping internal host from outside network """
+        """NAT44EI ping internal host from outside network"""
 
         self.nat44_add_static_mapping(self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.nat_addr)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
         # out2in
-        pkt = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-               IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr, ttl=64) /
-               ICMP(id=self.icmp_id_out, type='echo-request'))
+        pkt = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr, ttl=64)
+            / ICMP(id=self.icmp_id_out, type="echo-request")
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(pkt)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1216,9 +1276,11 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.assert_equal(capture[0][IP].proto, IP_PROTOS.icmp)
 
         # in2out
-        pkt = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-               IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4, ttl=64) /
-               ICMP(id=self.icmp_id_in, type='echo-reply'))
+        pkt = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4, ttl=64)
+            / ICMP(id=self.icmp_id_in, type="echo-reply")
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkt)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1227,25 +1289,27 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.assert_equal(capture[0][IP].proto, IP_PROTOS.icmp)
 
     def test_forwarding(self):
-        """ NAT44EI forwarding test """
+        """NAT44EI forwarding test"""
 
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_forwarding_enable_disable(enable=1)
 
         real_ip = self.pg0.remote_ip4
         alias_ip = self.nat_addr
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_ADDR_ONLY_MAPPING
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_add_del_static_mapping(
-            is_add=1, local_ip_address=real_ip,
+            is_add=1,
+            local_ip_address=real_ip,
             external_ip_address=alias_ip,
             external_sw_if_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
-            flags=flags)
+            flags=flags,
+        )
 
         try:
             # static mapping match
@@ -1269,9 +1333,9 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
             host0 = self.pg0.remote_hosts[0]
             self.pg0.remote_hosts[0] = self.pg0.remote_hosts[1]
             try:
-                pkts = self.create_stream_out(self.pg1,
-                                              dst_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                              use_inside_ports=True)
+                pkts = self.create_stream_out(
+                    self.pg1, dst_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip4, use_inside_ports=True
+                )
                 self.pg1.add_stream(pkts)
                 self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
                 self.pg_start()
@@ -1283,8 +1347,9 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
                 self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
                 self.pg_start()
                 capture = self.pg1.get_capture(len(pkts))
-                self.verify_capture_out(capture, nat_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                        same_port=True)
+                self.verify_capture_out(
+                    capture, nat_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip4, same_port=True
+                )
             finally:
                 self.pg0.remote_hosts[0] = host0
 
@@ -1296,10 +1361,11 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
                 local_ip_address=real_ip,
                 external_ip_address=alias_ip,
                 external_sw_if_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
-                flags=flags)
+                flags=flags,
+            )
 
     def test_static_in(self):
-        """ NAT44EI 1:1 NAT initialized from inside network """
+        """NAT44EI 1:1 NAT initialized from inside network"""
 
         nat_ip = "10.0.0.10"
         self.tcp_port_out = 6303
@@ -1309,14 +1375,14 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.nat44_add_static_mapping(self.pg0.remote_ip4, nat_ip)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
         sm = self.vapi.nat44_ei_static_mapping_dump()
         self.assertEqual(len(sm), 1)
-        self.assertEqual(sm[0].tag, '')
+        self.assertEqual(sm[0].tag, "")
         self.assertEqual(sm[0].protocol, 0)
         self.assertEqual(sm[0].local_port, 0)
         self.assertEqual(sm[0].external_port, 0)
@@ -1338,7 +1404,7 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.verify_capture_in(capture, self.pg0)
 
     def test_static_out(self):
-        """ NAT44EI 1:1 NAT initialized from outside network """
+        """NAT44EI 1:1 NAT initialized from outside network"""
 
         nat_ip = "10.0.0.20"
         self.tcp_port_out = 6303
@@ -1349,11 +1415,11 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.nat44_add_static_mapping(self.pg0.remote_ip4, nat_ip, tag=tag)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
         sm = self.vapi.nat44_ei_static_mapping_dump()
         self.assertEqual(len(sm), 1)
         self.assertEqual(sm[0].tag, tag)
@@ -1375,29 +1441,41 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.verify_capture_out(capture, nat_ip, True)
 
     def test_static_with_port_in(self):
-        """ NAT44EI 1:1 NAPT initialized from inside network """
+        """NAT44EI 1:1 NAPT initialized from inside network"""
 
         self.tcp_port_out = 3606
         self.udp_port_out = 3607
         self.icmp_id_out = 3608
 
         self.nat44_add_address(self.nat_addr)
-        self.nat44_add_static_mapping(self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.nat_addr,
-                                      self.tcp_port_in, self.tcp_port_out,
-                                      proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp)
-        self.nat44_add_static_mapping(self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.nat_addr,
-                                      self.udp_port_in, self.udp_port_out,
-                                      proto=IP_PROTOS.udp)
-        self.nat44_add_static_mapping(self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.nat_addr,
-                                      self.icmp_id_in, self.icmp_id_out,
-                                      proto=IP_PROTOS.icmp)
+        self.nat44_add_static_mapping(
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            self.nat_addr,
+            self.tcp_port_in,
+            self.tcp_port_out,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
+        )
+        self.nat44_add_static_mapping(
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            self.nat_addr,
+            self.udp_port_in,
+            self.udp_port_out,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.udp,
+        )
+        self.nat44_add_static_mapping(
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            self.nat_addr,
+            self.icmp_id_in,
+            self.icmp_id_out,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.icmp,
+        )
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
         # in2out
         pkts = self.create_stream_in(self.pg0, self.pg1)
@@ -1416,29 +1494,41 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.verify_capture_in(capture, self.pg0)
 
     def test_static_with_port_out(self):
-        """ NAT44EI 1:1 NAPT initialized from outside network """
+        """NAT44EI 1:1 NAPT initialized from outside network"""
 
         self.tcp_port_out = 30606
         self.udp_port_out = 30607
         self.icmp_id_out = 30608
 
         self.nat44_add_address(self.nat_addr)
-        self.nat44_add_static_mapping(self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.nat_addr,
-                                      self.tcp_port_in, self.tcp_port_out,
-                                      proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp)
-        self.nat44_add_static_mapping(self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.nat_addr,
-                                      self.udp_port_in, self.udp_port_out,
-                                      proto=IP_PROTOS.udp)
-        self.nat44_add_static_mapping(self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.nat_addr,
-                                      self.icmp_id_in, self.icmp_id_out,
-                                      proto=IP_PROTOS.icmp)
+        self.nat44_add_static_mapping(
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            self.nat_addr,
+            self.tcp_port_in,
+            self.tcp_port_out,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
+        )
+        self.nat44_add_static_mapping(
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            self.nat_addr,
+            self.udp_port_in,
+            self.udp_port_out,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.udp,
+        )
+        self.nat44_add_static_mapping(
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            self.nat_addr,
+            self.icmp_id_in,
+            self.icmp_id_out,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.icmp,
+        )
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
         # out2in
         pkts = self.create_stream_out(self.pg1)
@@ -1457,7 +1547,7 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.verify_capture_out(capture)
 
     def test_static_vrf_aware(self):
-        """ NAT44EI 1:1 NAT VRF awareness """
+        """NAT44EI 1:1 NAT VRF awareness"""
 
         nat_ip1 = "10.0.0.30"
         nat_ip2 = "10.0.0.40"
@@ -1465,20 +1555,18 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.udp_port_out = 6304
         self.icmp_id_out = 6305
 
-        self.nat44_add_static_mapping(self.pg4.remote_ip4, nat_ip1,
-                                      vrf_id=10)
-        self.nat44_add_static_mapping(self.pg0.remote_ip4, nat_ip2,
-                                      vrf_id=10)
+        self.nat44_add_static_mapping(self.pg4.remote_ip4, nat_ip1, vrf_id=10)
+        self.nat44_add_static_mapping(self.pg0.remote_ip4, nat_ip2, vrf_id=10)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg3.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg3.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg4.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg4.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
 
         # inside interface VRF match NAT44EI static mapping VRF
         pkts = self.create_stream_in(self.pg4, self.pg3)
@@ -1497,7 +1585,7 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.pg3.assert_nothing_captured()
 
     def test_dynamic_to_static(self):
-        """ NAT44EI Switch from dynamic translation to 1:1NAT """
+        """NAT44EI Switch from dynamic translation to 1:1NAT"""
         nat_ip = "10.0.0.10"
         self.tcp_port_out = 6303
         self.udp_port_out = 6304
@@ -1506,11 +1594,11 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.nat44_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
         # dynamic
         pkts = self.create_stream_in(self.pg0, self.pg1)
@@ -1532,22 +1620,27 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.verify_capture_out(capture, nat_ip, True)
 
     def test_identity_nat(self):
-        """ NAT44EI Identity NAT """
+        """NAT44EI Identity NAT"""
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_ADDR_ONLY_MAPPING
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_add_del_identity_mapping(
-            ip_address=self.pg0.remote_ip4, sw_if_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            ip_address=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            sw_if_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
+            flags=flags,
+            is_add=1,
+        )
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=12345, dport=56789))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=12345, dport=56789)
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1569,26 +1662,29 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.assertEqual(len(sessions), 0)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_ADDR_ONLY_MAPPING
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_add_del_identity_mapping(
-            ip_address=self.pg0.remote_ip4, sw_if_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
-            flags=flags, vrf_id=1, is_add=1)
+            ip_address=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            sw_if_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
+            flags=flags,
+            vrf_id=1,
+            is_add=1,
+        )
         identity_mappings = self.vapi.nat44_ei_identity_mapping_dump()
         self.assertEqual(len(identity_mappings), 2)
 
     def test_multiple_inside_interfaces(self):
-        """ NAT44EI multiple non-overlapping address space inside interfaces
-        """
+        """NAT44EI multiple non-overlapping address space inside interfaces"""
 
         self.nat44_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg3.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg3.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
         # between two NAT44EI inside interfaces (no translation)
         pkts = self.create_stream_in(self.pg0, self.pg1)
@@ -1639,26 +1735,24 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.verify_capture_in(capture, self.pg1)
 
     def test_inside_overlapping_interfaces(self):
-        """ NAT44EI multiple inside interfaces with overlapping address space
-        """
+        """NAT44EI multiple inside interfaces with overlapping address space"""
 
         static_nat_ip = "10.0.0.10"
         self.nat44_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg3.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg3.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg4.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg4.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg5.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg5.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg6.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
-        self.nat44_add_static_mapping(self.pg6.remote_ip4, static_nat_ip,
-                                      vrf_id=20)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg6.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
+        self.nat44_add_static_mapping(self.pg6.remote_ip4, static_nat_ip, vrf_id=20)
 
         # between NAT44EI inside interfaces with same VRF (no translation)
         pkts = self.create_stream_in(self.pg4, self.pg5)
@@ -1669,9 +1763,11 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.verify_capture_no_translation(capture, self.pg4, self.pg5)
 
         # between NAT44EI inside interfaces with different VRF (hairpinning)
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg4.remote_mac, dst=self.pg4.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg4.remote_ip4, dst=static_nat_ip) /
-             TCP(sport=1234, dport=5678))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg4.remote_mac, dst=self.pg4.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg4.remote_ip4, dst=static_nat_ip)
+            / TCP(sport=1234, dport=5678)
+        )
         self.pg4.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1723,16 +1819,12 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         # pg5 session dump
         addresses = self.vapi.nat44_ei_address_dump()
         self.assertEqual(len(addresses), 1)
-        sessions = self.vapi.nat44_ei_user_session_dump(
-            self.pg5.remote_ip4, 10)
+        sessions = self.vapi.nat44_ei_user_session_dump(self.pg5.remote_ip4, 10)
         self.assertEqual(len(sessions), 3)
         for session in sessions:
-            self.assertFalse(session.flags &
-                             self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_STATIC_MAPPING)
-            self.assertEqual(str(session.inside_ip_address),
-                             self.pg5.remote_ip4)
-            self.assertEqual(session.outside_ip_address,
-                             addresses[0].ip_address)
+            self.assertFalse(session.flags & self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_STATIC_MAPPING)
+            self.assertEqual(str(session.inside_ip_address), self.pg5.remote_ip4)
+            self.assertEqual(session.outside_ip_address, addresses[0].ip_address)
         self.assertEqual(sessions[0].protocol, IP_PROTOS.tcp)
         self.assertEqual(sessions[1].protocol, IP_PROTOS.udp)
         self.assertEqual(sessions[2].protocol, IP_PROTOS.icmp)
@@ -1765,44 +1857,38 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         addresses = self.vapi.nat44_ei_address_dump()
         self.assertEqual(len(addresses), 1)
         for user in users:
-            sessions = self.vapi.nat44_ei_user_session_dump(user.ip_address,
-                                                            user.vrf_id)
+            sessions = self.vapi.nat44_ei_user_session_dump(
+                user.ip_address, user.vrf_id
+            )
             for session in sessions:
                 self.assertEqual(user.ip_address, session.inside_ip_address)
                 self.assertTrue(session.total_bytes > session.total_pkts > 0)
-                self.assertTrue(session.protocol in
-                                [IP_PROTOS.tcp, IP_PROTOS.udp,
-                                 IP_PROTOS.icmp])
+                self.assertTrue(
+                    session.protocol in [IP_PROTOS.tcp, IP_PROTOS.udp, IP_PROTOS.icmp]
+                )
 
         # pg4 session dump
-        sessions = self.vapi.nat44_ei_user_session_dump(
-            self.pg4.remote_ip4, 10)
+        sessions = self.vapi.nat44_ei_user_session_dump(self.pg4.remote_ip4, 10)
         self.assertGreaterEqual(len(sessions), 4)
         for session in sessions:
-            self.assertFalse(
-                session.flags & self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_STATIC_MAPPING)
-            self.assertEqual(str(session.inside_ip_address),
-                             self.pg4.remote_ip4)
-            self.assertEqual(session.outside_ip_address,
-                             addresses[0].ip_address)
+            self.assertFalse(session.flags & self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_STATIC_MAPPING)
+            self.assertEqual(str(session.inside_ip_address), self.pg4.remote_ip4)
+            self.assertEqual(session.outside_ip_address, addresses[0].ip_address)
 
         # pg6 session dump
-        sessions = self.vapi.nat44_ei_user_session_dump(
-            self.pg6.remote_ip4, 20)
+        sessions = self.vapi.nat44_ei_user_session_dump(self.pg6.remote_ip4, 20)
         self.assertGreaterEqual(len(sessions), 3)
         for session in sessions:
+            self.assertTrue(session.flags & self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_STATIC_MAPPING)
+            self.assertEqual(str(session.inside_ip_address), self.pg6.remote_ip4)
+            self.assertEqual(str(session.outside_ip_address), static_nat_ip)
             self.assertTrue(
-                session.flags & self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_STATIC_MAPPING)
-            self.assertEqual(str(session.inside_ip_address),
-                             self.pg6.remote_ip4)
-            self.assertEqual(str(session.outside_ip_address),
-                             static_nat_ip)
-            self.assertTrue(session.inside_port in
-                            [self.tcp_port_in, self.udp_port_in,
-                             self.icmp_id_in])
+                session.inside_port
+                in [self.tcp_port_in, self.udp_port_in, self.icmp_id_in]
+            )
 
     def test_hairpinning(self):
-        """ NAT44EI hairpinning - 1:1 NAPT """
+        """NAT44EI hairpinning - 1:1 NAPT"""
 
         host = self.pg0.remote_hosts[0]
         server = self.pg0.remote_hosts[1]
@@ -1814,22 +1900,28 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.nat44_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
         # add static mapping for server
-        self.nat44_add_static_mapping(server.ip4, self.nat_addr,
-                                      server_in_port, server_out_port,
-                                      proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp)
+        self.nat44_add_static_mapping(
+            server.ip4,
+            self.nat_addr,
+            server_in_port,
+            server_out_port,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
+        )
 
-        cnt = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/hairpinning']
+        cnt = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/hairpinning"]
         # send packet from host to server
-        p = (Ether(src=host.mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=host.ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=host_in_port, dport=server_out_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=host.mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=host.ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=host_in_port, dport=server_out_port)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1848,14 +1940,16 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
             self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:", p))
             raise
 
-        after = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/hairpinning']
+        after = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/hairpinning"]
         if_idx = self.pg0.sw_if_index
         self.assertEqual(after[:, if_idx].sum() - cnt[:, if_idx].sum(), 1)
 
         # send reply from server to host
-        p = (Ether(src=server.mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=server.ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=server_in_port, dport=host_out_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=server.mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=server.ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=server_in_port, dport=host_out_port)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1873,13 +1967,15 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
             self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:", p))
             raise
 
-        after = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/hairpinning']
+        after = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/hairpinning"]
         if_idx = self.pg0.sw_if_index
-        self.assertEqual(after[:, if_idx].sum() - cnt[:, if_idx].sum(),
-                         2+(1 if self.vpp_worker_count > 0 else 0))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            after[:, if_idx].sum() - cnt[:, if_idx].sum(),
+            2 + (1 if self.vpp_worker_count > 0 else 0),
+        )
 
     def test_hairpinning2(self):
-        """ NAT44EI hairpinning - 1:1 NAT"""
+        """NAT44EI hairpinning - 1:1 NAT"""
 
         server1_nat_ip = "10.0.0.10"
         server2_nat_ip = "10.0.0.11"
@@ -1892,11 +1988,11 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.nat44_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
         # add static mapping for servers
         self.nat44_add_static_mapping(server1.ip4, server1_nat_ip)
@@ -1904,17 +2000,23 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
 
         # host to server1
         pkts = []
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=host.ip4, dst=server1_nat_ip) /
-             TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=server_tcp_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=host.ip4, dst=server1_nat_ip)
+            / TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=server_tcp_port)
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=host.ip4, dst=server1_nat_ip) /
-             UDP(sport=self.udp_port_in, dport=server_udp_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=host.ip4, dst=server1_nat_ip)
+            / UDP(sport=self.udp_port_in, dport=server_udp_port)
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=host.ip4, dst=server1_nat_ip) /
-             ICMP(id=self.icmp_id_in, type='echo-request'))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=host.ip4, dst=server1_nat_ip)
+            / ICMP(id=self.icmp_id_in, type="echo-request")
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -1942,17 +2044,23 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
 
         # server1 to host
         pkts = []
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=server1.ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=server_tcp_port, dport=self.tcp_port_out))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=server1.ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=server_tcp_port, dport=self.tcp_port_out)
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=server1.ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             UDP(sport=server_udp_port, dport=self.udp_port_out))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=server1.ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / UDP(sport=server_udp_port, dport=self.udp_port_out)
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=server1.ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             ICMP(id=self.icmp_id_out, type='echo-reply'))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=server1.ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / ICMP(id=self.icmp_id_out, type="echo-reply")
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -1977,17 +2085,23 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
 
         # server2 to server1
         pkts = []
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=server2.ip4, dst=server1_nat_ip) /
-             TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=server_tcp_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=server2.ip4, dst=server1_nat_ip)
+            / TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=server_tcp_port)
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=server2.ip4, dst=server1_nat_ip) /
-             UDP(sport=self.udp_port_in, dport=server_udp_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=server2.ip4, dst=server1_nat_ip)
+            / UDP(sport=self.udp_port_in, dport=server_udp_port)
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=server2.ip4, dst=server1_nat_ip) /
-             ICMP(id=self.icmp_id_in, type='echo-request'))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=server2.ip4, dst=server1_nat_ip)
+            / ICMP(id=self.icmp_id_in, type="echo-request")
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -2015,17 +2129,23 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
 
         # server1 to server2
         pkts = []
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=server1.ip4, dst=server2_nat_ip) /
-             TCP(sport=server_tcp_port, dport=self.tcp_port_out))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=server1.ip4, dst=server2_nat_ip)
+            / TCP(sport=server_tcp_port, dport=self.tcp_port_out)
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=server1.ip4, dst=server2_nat_ip) /
-             UDP(sport=server_udp_port, dport=self.udp_port_out))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=server1.ip4, dst=server2_nat_ip)
+            / UDP(sport=server_udp_port, dport=self.udp_port_out)
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=server1.ip4, dst=server2_nat_ip) /
-             ICMP(id=self.icmp_id_out, type='echo-reply'))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=server1.ip4, dst=server2_nat_ip)
+            / ICMP(id=self.icmp_id_out, type="echo-reply")
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -2049,7 +2169,7 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
                 raise
 
     def test_hairpinning_avoid_inf_loop(self):
-        """ NAT44EI hairpinning - 1:1 NAPT avoid infinite loop """
+        """NAT44EI hairpinning - 1:1 NAPT avoid infinite loop"""
 
         host = self.pg0.remote_hosts[0]
         server = self.pg0.remote_hosts[1]
@@ -2061,34 +2181,42 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.nat44_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
         # add static mapping for server
-        self.nat44_add_static_mapping(server.ip4, self.nat_addr,
-                                      server_in_port, server_out_port,
-                                      proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp)
+        self.nat44_add_static_mapping(
+            server.ip4,
+            self.nat_addr,
+            server_in_port,
+            server_out_port,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
+        )
 
         # add another static mapping that maps pg0.local_ip4 address to itself
         self.nat44_add_static_mapping(self.pg0.local_ip4, self.pg0.local_ip4)
 
         # send packet from host to VPP (the packet should get dropped)
-        p = (Ether(src=host.mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=host.ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=host_in_port, dport=server_out_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=host.mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=host.ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=host_in_port, dport=server_out_port)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
         # Here VPP used to crash due to an infinite loop
 
-        cnt = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/hairpinning']
+        cnt = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/hairpinning"]
         # send packet from host to server
-        p = (Ether(src=host.mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=host.ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=host_in_port, dport=server_out_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=host.mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=host.ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=host_in_port, dport=server_out_port)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -2107,14 +2235,16 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
             self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:", p))
             raise
 
-        after = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/hairpinning']
+        after = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/hairpinning"]
         if_idx = self.pg0.sw_if_index
         self.assertEqual(after[:, if_idx].sum() - cnt[:, if_idx].sum(), 1)
 
         # send reply from server to host
-        p = (Ether(src=server.mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=server.ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=server_in_port, dport=host_out_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=server.mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=server.ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=server_in_port, dport=host_out_port)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -2132,16 +2262,18 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
             self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:", p))
             raise
 
-        after = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/hairpinning']
+        after = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/hairpinning"]
         if_idx = self.pg0.sw_if_index
-        self.assertEqual(after[:, if_idx].sum() - cnt[:, if_idx].sum(),
-                         2+(1 if self.vpp_worker_count > 0 else 0))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            after[:, if_idx].sum() - cnt[:, if_idx].sum(),
+            2 + (1 if self.vpp_worker_count > 0 else 0),
+        )
 
     def test_interface_addr(self):
-        """ NAT44EI acquire addresses from interface """
+        """NAT44EI acquire addresses from interface"""
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_add_del_interface_addr(
-            is_add=1,
-            sw_if_index=self.pg7.sw_if_index)
+            is_add=1, sw_if_index=self.pg7.sw_if_index
+        )
 
         # no address in NAT pool
         addresses = self.vapi.nat44_ei_address_dump()
@@ -2159,22 +2291,20 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.assertEqual(0, len(addresses))
 
     def test_interface_addr_static_mapping(self):
-        """ NAT44EI Static mapping with addresses from interface """
+        """NAT44EI Static mapping with addresses from interface"""
         tag = "testTAG"
 
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_add_del_interface_addr(
-            is_add=1,
-            sw_if_index=self.pg7.sw_if_index)
+            is_add=1, sw_if_index=self.pg7.sw_if_index
+        )
         self.nat44_add_static_mapping(
-            '1.2.3.4',
-            external_sw_if_index=self.pg7.sw_if_index,
-            tag=tag)
+            "1.2.3.4", external_sw_if_index=self.pg7.sw_if_index, tag=tag
+        )
 
         # static mappings with external interface
         static_mappings = self.vapi.nat44_ei_static_mapping_dump()
         self.assertEqual(1, len(static_mappings))
-        self.assertEqual(self.pg7.sw_if_index,
-                         static_mappings[0].external_sw_if_index)
+        self.assertEqual(self.pg7.sw_if_index, static_mappings[0].external_sw_if_index)
         self.assertEqual(static_mappings[0].tag, tag)
 
         # configure interface address and check static mappings
@@ -2184,8 +2314,7 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         resolved = False
         for sm in static_mappings:
             if sm.external_sw_if_index == 0xFFFFFFFF:
-                self.assertEqual(str(sm.external_ip_address),
-                                 self.pg7.local_ip4)
+                self.assertEqual(str(sm.external_ip_address), self.pg7.local_ip4)
                 self.assertEqual(sm.tag, tag)
                 resolved = True
         self.assertTrue(resolved)
@@ -2194,8 +2323,7 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.pg7.unconfig_ip4()
         static_mappings = self.vapi.nat44_ei_static_mapping_dump()
         self.assertEqual(1, len(static_mappings))
-        self.assertEqual(self.pg7.sw_if_index,
-                         static_mappings[0].external_sw_if_index)
+        self.assertEqual(self.pg7.sw_if_index, static_mappings[0].external_sw_if_index)
         self.assertEqual(static_mappings[0].tag, tag)
 
         # configure interface address again and check static mappings
@@ -2205,40 +2333,37 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         resolved = False
         for sm in static_mappings:
             if sm.external_sw_if_index == 0xFFFFFFFF:
-                self.assertEqual(str(sm.external_ip_address),
-                                 self.pg7.local_ip4)
+                self.assertEqual(str(sm.external_ip_address), self.pg7.local_ip4)
                 self.assertEqual(sm.tag, tag)
                 resolved = True
         self.assertTrue(resolved)
 
         # remove static mapping
         self.nat44_add_static_mapping(
-            '1.2.3.4',
-            external_sw_if_index=self.pg7.sw_if_index,
-            tag=tag,
-            is_add=0)
+            "1.2.3.4", external_sw_if_index=self.pg7.sw_if_index, tag=tag, is_add=0
+        )
         static_mappings = self.vapi.nat44_ei_static_mapping_dump()
         self.assertEqual(0, len(static_mappings))
 
     def test_interface_addr_identity_nat(self):
-        """ NAT44EI Identity NAT with addresses from interface """
+        """NAT44EI Identity NAT with addresses from interface"""
 
         port = 53053
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_add_del_interface_addr(
-            is_add=1,
-            sw_if_index=self.pg7.sw_if_index)
+            is_add=1, sw_if_index=self.pg7.sw_if_index
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_add_del_identity_mapping(
-            ip_address=b'0',
+            ip_address=b"0",
             sw_if_index=self.pg7.sw_if_index,
             port=port,
             protocol=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
-            is_add=1)
+            is_add=1,
+        )
 
         # identity mappings with external interface
         identity_mappings = self.vapi.nat44_ei_identity_mapping_dump()
         self.assertEqual(1, len(identity_mappings))
-        self.assertEqual(self.pg7.sw_if_index,
-                         identity_mappings[0].sw_if_index)
+        self.assertEqual(self.pg7.sw_if_index, identity_mappings[0].sw_if_index)
 
         # configure interface address and check identity mappings
         self.pg7.config_ip4()
@@ -2247,8 +2372,9 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.assertEqual(2, len(identity_mappings))
         for sm in identity_mappings:
             if sm.sw_if_index == 0xFFFFFFFF:
-                self.assertEqual(str(identity_mappings[0].ip_address),
-                                 self.pg7.local_ip4)
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    str(identity_mappings[0].ip_address), self.pg7.local_ip4
+                )
                 self.assertEqual(port, identity_mappings[0].port)
                 self.assertEqual(IP_PROTOS.tcp, identity_mappings[0].protocol)
                 resolved = True
@@ -2258,11 +2384,10 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.pg7.unconfig_ip4()
         identity_mappings = self.vapi.nat44_ei_identity_mapping_dump()
         self.assertEqual(1, len(identity_mappings))
-        self.assertEqual(self.pg7.sw_if_index,
-                         identity_mappings[0].sw_if_index)
+        self.assertEqual(self.pg7.sw_if_index, identity_mappings[0].sw_if_index)
 
     def test_ipfix_nat44_sess(self):
-        """ NAT44EI IPFIX logging NAT44EI session created/deleted """
+        """NAT44EI IPFIX logging NAT44EI session created/deleted"""
         self.ipfix_domain_id = 10
         self.ipfix_src_port = 20202
         collector_port = 30303
@@ -2270,19 +2395,21 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.nat44_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
-        self.vapi.set_ipfix_exporter(collector_address=self.pg3.remote_ip4,
-                                     src_address=self.pg3.local_ip4,
-                                     path_mtu=512,
-                                     template_interval=10,
-                                     collector_port=collector_port)
-        self.vapi.nat44_ei_ipfix_enable_disable(domain_id=self.ipfix_domain_id,
-                                                src_port=self.ipfix_src_port,
-                                                enable=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
+        self.vapi.set_ipfix_exporter(
+            collector_address=self.pg3.remote_ip4,
+            src_address=self.pg3.local_ip4,
+            path_mtu=512,
+            template_interval=10,
+            collector_port=collector_port,
+        )
+        self.vapi.nat44_ei_ipfix_enable_disable(
+            domain_id=self.ipfix_domain_id, src_port=self.ipfix_src_port, enable=1
+        )
 
         pkts = self.create_stream_in(self.pg0, self.pg1)
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
@@ -2301,8 +2428,7 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
             self.assertEqual(p[IP].dst, self.pg3.remote_ip4)
             self.assertEqual(p[UDP].sport, self.ipfix_src_port)
             self.assertEqual(p[UDP].dport, collector_port)
-            self.assertEqual(p[IPFIX].observationDomainID,
-                             self.ipfix_domain_id)
+            self.assertEqual(p[IPFIX].observationDomainID, self.ipfix_domain_id)
             if p.haslayer(Template):
                 ipfix.add_template(p.getlayer(Template))
         # verify events in data set
@@ -2312,25 +2438,29 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
                 self.verify_ipfix_nat44_ses(data)
 
     def test_ipfix_addr_exhausted(self):
-        """ NAT44EI IPFIX logging NAT addresses exhausted """
+        """NAT44EI IPFIX logging NAT addresses exhausted"""
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
-        self.vapi.set_ipfix_exporter(collector_address=self.pg3.remote_ip4,
-                                     src_address=self.pg3.local_ip4,
-                                     path_mtu=512,
-                                     template_interval=10)
-        self.vapi.nat44_ei_ipfix_enable_disable(domain_id=self.ipfix_domain_id,
-                                                src_port=self.ipfix_src_port,
-                                                enable=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
+        self.vapi.set_ipfix_exporter(
+            collector_address=self.pg3.remote_ip4,
+            src_address=self.pg3.local_ip4,
+            path_mtu=512,
+            template_interval=10,
+        )
+        self.vapi.nat44_ei_ipfix_enable_disable(
+            domain_id=self.ipfix_domain_id, src_port=self.ipfix_src_port, enable=1
+        )
 
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=3025))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=3025)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -2345,8 +2475,7 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
             self.assertEqual(p[IP].dst, self.pg3.remote_ip4)
             self.assertEqual(p[UDP].sport, self.ipfix_src_port)
             self.assertEqual(p[UDP].dport, 4739)
-            self.assertEqual(p[IPFIX].observationDomainID,
-                             self.ipfix_domain_id)
+            self.assertEqual(p[IPFIX].observationDomainID, self.ipfix_domain_id)
             if p.haslayer(Template):
                 ipfix.add_template(p.getlayer(Template))
         # verify events in data set
@@ -2356,15 +2485,15 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
                 self.verify_ipfix_addr_exhausted(data)
 
     def test_ipfix_max_sessions(self):
-        """ NAT44EI IPFIX logging maximum session entries exceeded """
+        """NAT44EI IPFIX logging maximum session entries exceeded"""
         self.nat44_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
         max_sessions_per_thread = self.max_translations
         max_sessions = max(1, self.vpp_worker_count) * max_sessions_per_thread
@@ -2372,26 +2501,32 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         pkts = []
         for i in range(0, max_sessions):
             src = "10.10.%u.%u" % ((i & 0xFF00) >> 8, i & 0xFF)
-            p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                 IP(src=src, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-                 TCP(sport=1025))
+            p = (
+                Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+                / IP(src=src, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+                / TCP(sport=1025)
+            )
             pkts.append(p)
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
         self.pg1.get_capture(max_sessions)
-        self.vapi.set_ipfix_exporter(collector_address=self.pg3.remote_ip4,
-                                     src_address=self.pg3.local_ip4,
-                                     path_mtu=512,
-                                     template_interval=10)
-        self.vapi.nat44_ei_ipfix_enable_disable(domain_id=self.ipfix_domain_id,
-                                                src_port=self.ipfix_src_port,
-                                                enable=1)
+        self.vapi.set_ipfix_exporter(
+            collector_address=self.pg3.remote_ip4,
+            src_address=self.pg3.local_ip4,
+            path_mtu=512,
+            template_interval=10,
+        )
+        self.vapi.nat44_ei_ipfix_enable_disable(
+            domain_id=self.ipfix_domain_id, src_port=self.ipfix_src_port, enable=1
+        )
 
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=1025))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=1025)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -2406,8 +2541,7 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
             self.assertEqual(p[IP].dst, self.pg3.remote_ip4)
             self.assertEqual(p[UDP].sport, self.ipfix_src_port)
             self.assertEqual(p[UDP].dport, 4739)
-            self.assertEqual(p[IPFIX].observationDomainID,
-                             self.ipfix_domain_id)
+            self.assertEqual(p[IPFIX].observationDomainID, self.ipfix_domain_id)
             if p.haslayer(Template):
                 ipfix.add_template(p.getlayer(Template))
         # verify events in data set
@@ -2417,22 +2551,23 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
                 self.verify_ipfix_max_sessions(data, max_sessions_per_thread)
 
     def test_syslog_apmap(self):
-        """ NAT44EI syslog address and port mapping creation and deletion """
-        self.vapi.syslog_set_filter(
-            self.SYSLOG_SEVERITY.SYSLOG_API_SEVERITY_INFO)
+        """NAT44EI syslog address and port mapping creation and deletion"""
+        self.vapi.syslog_set_filter(self.SYSLOG_SEVERITY.SYSLOG_API_SEVERITY_INFO)
         self.vapi.syslog_set_sender(self.pg3.local_ip4, self.pg3.remote_ip4)
         self.nat44_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=20))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=20)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -2448,22 +2583,25 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.verify_syslog_apmap(capture[0][Raw].load, False)
 
     def test_pool_addr_fib(self):
-        """ NAT44EI add pool addresses to FIB """
-        static_addr = '10.0.0.10'
+        """NAT44EI add pool addresses to FIB"""
+        static_addr = "10.0.0.10"
         self.nat44_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
         self.nat44_add_static_mapping(self.pg0.remote_ip4, static_addr)
 
         # NAT44EI address
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst='ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff') /
-             ARP(op=ARP.who_has, pdst=self.nat_addr,
-                 psrc=self.pg1.remote_ip4, hwsrc=self.pg1.remote_mac))
+        p = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff") / ARP(
+            op=ARP.who_has,
+            pdst=self.nat_addr,
+            psrc=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+            hwsrc=self.pg1.remote_mac,
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -2472,9 +2610,12 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.assertTrue(capture[0][ARP].op, ARP.is_at)
 
         # 1:1 NAT address
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst='ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff') /
-             ARP(op=ARP.who_has, pdst=static_addr,
-                 psrc=self.pg1.remote_ip4, hwsrc=self.pg1.remote_mac))
+        p = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff") / ARP(
+            op=ARP.who_has,
+            pdst=static_addr,
+            psrc=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+            hwsrc=self.pg1.remote_mac,
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -2483,9 +2624,12 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.assertTrue(capture[0][ARP].op, ARP.is_at)
 
         # send ARP to non-NAT44EI interface
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst='ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff') /
-             ARP(op=ARP.who_has, pdst=self.nat_addr,
-                 psrc=self.pg2.remote_ip4, hwsrc=self.pg2.remote_mac))
+        p = Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff") / ARP(
+            op=ARP.who_has,
+            pdst=self.nat_addr,
+            psrc=self.pg2.remote_ip4,
+            hwsrc=self.pg2.remote_mac,
+        )
         self.pg2.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -2493,27 +2637,32 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
 
         # remove addresses and verify
         self.nat44_add_address(self.nat_addr, is_add=0)
-        self.nat44_add_static_mapping(self.pg0.remote_ip4, static_addr,
-                                      is_add=0)
+        self.nat44_add_static_mapping(self.pg0.remote_ip4, static_addr, is_add=0)
 
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst='ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff') /
-             ARP(op=ARP.who_has, pdst=self.nat_addr,
-                 psrc=self.pg1.remote_ip4, hwsrc=self.pg1.remote_mac))
+        p = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff") / ARP(
+            op=ARP.who_has,
+            pdst=self.nat_addr,
+            psrc=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+            hwsrc=self.pg1.remote_mac,
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
         self.pg1.assert_nothing_captured()
 
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst='ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff') /
-             ARP(op=ARP.who_has, pdst=static_addr,
-                 psrc=self.pg1.remote_ip4, hwsrc=self.pg1.remote_mac))
+        p = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff") / ARP(
+            op=ARP.who_has,
+            pdst=static_addr,
+            psrc=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+            hwsrc=self.pg1.remote_mac,
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
         self.pg1.assert_nothing_captured()
 
     def test_vrf_mode(self):
-        """ NAT44EI tenant VRF aware address pool mode """
+        """NAT44EI tenant VRF aware address pool mode"""
 
         vrf_id1 = 1
         vrf_id2 = 2
@@ -2522,8 +2671,8 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
 
         self.pg0.unconfig_ip4()
         self.pg1.unconfig_ip4()
-        self.vapi.ip_table_add_del(is_add=1, table={'table_id': vrf_id1})
-        self.vapi.ip_table_add_del(is_add=1, table={'table_id': vrf_id2})
+        self.vapi.ip_table_add_del(is_add=1, table={"table_id": vrf_id1})
+        self.vapi.ip_table_add_del(is_add=1, table={"table_id": vrf_id2})
         self.pg0.set_table_ip4(vrf_id1)
         self.pg1.set_table_ip4(vrf_id2)
         self.pg0.config_ip4()
@@ -2535,14 +2684,14 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.nat44_add_address(nat_ip2, vrf_id=vrf_id2)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg2.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
         try:
             # first VRF
@@ -2570,11 +2719,11 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
             self.pg1.config_ip4()
             self.pg0.resolve_arp()
             self.pg1.resolve_arp()
-            self.vapi.ip_table_add_del(is_add=0, table={'table_id': vrf_id1})
-            self.vapi.ip_table_add_del(is_add=0, table={'table_id': vrf_id2})
+            self.vapi.ip_table_add_del(is_add=0, table={"table_id": vrf_id1})
+            self.vapi.ip_table_add_del(is_add=0, table={"table_id": vrf_id2})
 
     def test_vrf_feature_independent(self):
-        """ NAT44EI tenant VRF independent address pool mode """
+        """NAT44EI tenant VRF independent address pool mode"""
 
         nat_ip1 = "10.0.0.10"
         nat_ip2 = "10.0.0.11"
@@ -2583,14 +2732,14 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.nat44_add_address(nat_ip2, vrf_id=99)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg2.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
         # first VRF
         pkts = self.create_stream_in(self.pg0, self.pg2)
@@ -2609,16 +2758,16 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.verify_capture_out(capture, nat_ip1)
 
     def test_dynamic_ipless_interfaces(self):
-        """ NAT44EI interfaces without configured IP address """
+        """NAT44EI interfaces without configured IP address"""
         self.create_routes_and_neigbors()
         self.nat44_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg7.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg7.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg8.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg8.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
         # in2out
         pkts = self.create_stream_in(self.pg7, self.pg8)
@@ -2637,17 +2786,17 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.verify_capture_in(capture, self.pg7)
 
     def test_static_ipless_interfaces(self):
-        """ NAT44EI interfaces without configured IP address - 1:1 NAT """
+        """NAT44EI interfaces without configured IP address - 1:1 NAT"""
 
         self.create_routes_and_neigbors()
         self.nat44_add_static_mapping(self.pg7.remote_ip4, self.nat_addr)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg7.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg7.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg8.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg8.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
         # out2in
         pkts = self.create_stream_out(self.pg8)
@@ -2666,7 +2815,7 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.verify_capture_out(capture, self.nat_addr, True)
 
     def test_static_with_port_ipless_interfaces(self):
-        """ NAT44EI interfaces without configured IP address - 1:1 NAPT """
+        """NAT44EI interfaces without configured IP address - 1:1 NAPT"""
 
         self.tcp_port_out = 30606
         self.udp_port_out = 30607
@@ -2674,22 +2823,34 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
 
         self.create_routes_and_neigbors()
         self.nat44_add_address(self.nat_addr)
-        self.nat44_add_static_mapping(self.pg7.remote_ip4, self.nat_addr,
-                                      self.tcp_port_in, self.tcp_port_out,
-                                      proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp)
-        self.nat44_add_static_mapping(self.pg7.remote_ip4, self.nat_addr,
-                                      self.udp_port_in, self.udp_port_out,
-                                      proto=IP_PROTOS.udp)
-        self.nat44_add_static_mapping(self.pg7.remote_ip4, self.nat_addr,
-                                      self.icmp_id_in, self.icmp_id_out,
-                                      proto=IP_PROTOS.icmp)
+        self.nat44_add_static_mapping(
+            self.pg7.remote_ip4,
+            self.nat_addr,
+            self.tcp_port_in,
+            self.tcp_port_out,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
+        )
+        self.nat44_add_static_mapping(
+            self.pg7.remote_ip4,
+            self.nat_addr,
+            self.udp_port_in,
+            self.udp_port_out,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.udp,
+        )
+        self.nat44_add_static_mapping(
+            self.pg7.remote_ip4,
+            self.nat_addr,
+            self.icmp_id_in,
+            self.icmp_id_out,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.icmp,
+        )
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg7.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg7.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg8.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg8.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
         # out2in
         pkts = self.create_stream_out(self.pg8)
@@ -2708,23 +2869,25 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.verify_capture_out(capture)
 
     def test_static_unknown_proto(self):
-        """ NAT44EI 1:1 translate packet with unknown protocol """
+        """NAT44EI 1:1 translate packet with unknown protocol"""
         nat_ip = "10.0.0.10"
         self.nat44_add_static_mapping(self.pg0.remote_ip4, nat_ip)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
         # in2out
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             GRE() /
-             IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg3.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / GRE()
+            / IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg3.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -2740,11 +2903,13 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
             raise
 
         # out2in
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=nat_ip) /
-             GRE() /
-             IP(src=self.pg3.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg2.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=nat_ip)
+            / GRE()
+            / IP(src=self.pg3.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg2.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -2760,8 +2925,7 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
             raise
 
     def test_hairpinning_static_unknown_proto(self):
-        """ NAT44EI 1:1 translate packet with unknown protocol - hairpinning
-        """
+        """NAT44EI 1:1 translate packet with unknown protocol - hairpinning"""
 
         host = self.pg0.remote_hosts[0]
         server = self.pg0.remote_hosts[1]
@@ -2773,18 +2937,20 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.nat44_add_static_mapping(server.ip4, server_nat_ip)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
         # host to server
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=host.mac) /
-             IP(src=host.ip4, dst=server_nat_ip) /
-             GRE() /
-             IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg3.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=host.mac)
+            / IP(src=host.ip4, dst=server_nat_ip)
+            / GRE()
+            / IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg3.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -2800,11 +2966,13 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
             raise
 
         # server to host
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=server.mac) /
-             IP(src=server.ip4, dst=host_nat_ip) /
-             GRE() /
-             IP(src=self.pg3.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg2.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=server.mac)
+            / IP(src=server.ip4, dst=host_nat_ip)
+            / GRE()
+            / IP(src=self.pg3.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg2.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -2820,10 +2988,11 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
             raise
 
     def test_output_feature(self):
-        """ NAT44EI output feature (in2out postrouting) """
+        """NAT44EI output feature (in2out postrouting)"""
         self.nat44_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_add_del_output_interface(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg3.sw_if_index, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg3.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
         # in2out
         pkts = self.create_stream_in(self.pg0, self.pg3)
@@ -2850,25 +3019,32 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.verify_capture_no_translation(capture, self.pg2, self.pg0)
 
     def test_output_feature_vrf_aware(self):
-        """ NAT44EI output feature VRF aware (in2out postrouting) """
+        """NAT44EI output feature VRF aware (in2out postrouting)"""
         nat_ip_vrf10 = "10.0.0.10"
         nat_ip_vrf20 = "10.0.0.20"
 
-        r1 = VppIpRoute(self, self.pg3.remote_ip4, 32,
-                        [VppRoutePath(self.pg3.remote_ip4,
-                                      self.pg3.sw_if_index)],
-                        table_id=10)
-        r2 = VppIpRoute(self, self.pg3.remote_ip4, 32,
-                        [VppRoutePath(self.pg3.remote_ip4,
-                                      self.pg3.sw_if_index)],
-                        table_id=20)
+        r1 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            self.pg3.remote_ip4,
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg3.remote_ip4, self.pg3.sw_if_index)],
+            table_id=10,
+        )
+        r2 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            self.pg3.remote_ip4,
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg3.remote_ip4, self.pg3.sw_if_index)],
+            table_id=20,
+        )
         r1.add_vpp_config()
         r2.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.nat44_add_address(nat_ip_vrf10, vrf_id=10)
         self.nat44_add_address(nat_ip_vrf20, vrf_id=20)
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_add_del_output_interface(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg3.sw_if_index, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg3.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
         # in2out VRF 10
         pkts = self.create_stream_in(self.pg4, self.pg3)
@@ -2903,7 +3079,7 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.verify_capture_in(capture, self.pg6)
 
     def test_output_feature_hairpinning(self):
-        """ NAT44EI output feature hairpinning (in2out postrouting) """
+        """NAT44EI output feature hairpinning (in2out postrouting)"""
         host = self.pg0.remote_hosts[0]
         server = self.pg0.remote_hosts[1]
         host_in_port = 1234
@@ -2913,19 +3089,27 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
 
         self.nat44_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_add_del_output_interface(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_add_del_output_interface(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
         # add static mapping for server
-        self.nat44_add_static_mapping(server.ip4, self.nat_addr,
-                                      server_in_port, server_out_port,
-                                      proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp)
+        self.nat44_add_static_mapping(
+            server.ip4,
+            self.nat_addr,
+            server_in_port,
+            server_out_port,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
+        )
 
         # send packet from host to server
-        p = (Ether(src=host.mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=host.ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=host_in_port, dport=server_out_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=host.mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=host.ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=host_in_port, dport=server_out_port)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -2945,9 +3129,11 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
             raise
 
         # send reply from server to host
-        p = (Ether(src=server.mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=server.ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=server_in_port, dport=host_out_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=server.mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=server.ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=server_in_port, dport=host_out_port)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -2966,7 +3152,7 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
             raise
 
     def test_one_armed_nat44(self):
-        """ NAT44EI One armed NAT """
+        """NAT44EI One armed NAT"""
         remote_host = self.pg9.remote_hosts[0]
         local_host = self.pg9.remote_hosts[1]
         external_port = 0
@@ -2974,16 +3160,18 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.nat44_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg9.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg9.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg9.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg9.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
 
         # in2out
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg9.remote_mac, dst=self.pg9.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=local_host.ip4, dst=remote_host.ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=12345, dport=80))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg9.remote_mac, dst=self.pg9.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=local_host.ip4, dst=remote_host.ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=12345, dport=80)
+        )
         self.pg9.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -3003,9 +3191,11 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
             raise
 
         # out2in
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg9.remote_mac, dst=self.pg9.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=remote_host.ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=80, dport=external_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg9.remote_mac, dst=self.pg9.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=remote_host.ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=80, dport=external_port)
+        )
         self.pg9.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -3028,21 +3218,21 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         else:
             node = "nat44-ei-classify"
 
-        err = self.statistics.get_err_counter('/err/%s/next in2out' % node)
+        err = self.statistics.get_err_counter("/err/%s/next in2out" % node)
         self.assertEqual(err, 1)
-        err = self.statistics.get_err_counter('/err/%s/next out2in' % node)
+        err = self.statistics.get_err_counter("/err/%s/next out2in" % node)
         self.assertEqual(err, 1)
 
     def test_del_session(self):
-        """ NAT44EI delete session """
+        """NAT44EI delete session"""
         self.nat44_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
         pkts = self.create_stream_in(self.pg0, self.pg1)
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
@@ -3057,12 +3247,14 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
             address=sessions[0].inside_ip_address,
             port=sessions[0].inside_port,
             protocol=sessions[0].protocol,
-            flags=self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE)
+            flags=self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE,
+        )
 
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_del_session(
             address=sessions[1].outside_ip_address,
             port=sessions[1].outside_port,
-            protocol=sessions[1].protocol)
+            protocol=sessions[1].protocol,
+        )
 
         sessions = self.vapi.nat44_ei_user_session_dump(self.pg0.remote_ip4, 0)
         self.assertEqual(nsessions - len(sessions), 2)
@@ -3071,60 +3263,56 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
             address=sessions[0].inside_ip_address,
             port=sessions[0].inside_port,
             protocol=sessions[0].protocol,
-            flags=self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE)
+            flags=self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE,
+        )
 
         self.verify_no_nat44_user()
 
     def test_frag_in_order(self):
-        """ NAT44EI translate fragments arriving in order """
+        """NAT44EI translate fragments arriving in order"""
 
         self.nat44_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
         self.frag_in_order(proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp)
         self.frag_in_order(proto=IP_PROTOS.udp)
         self.frag_in_order(proto=IP_PROTOS.icmp)
 
     def test_frag_forwarding(self):
-        """ NAT44EI forwarding fragment test """
+        """NAT44EI forwarding fragment test"""
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_add_del_interface_addr(
-            is_add=1,
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index)
+            is_add=1, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index
+        )
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_forwarding_enable_disable(enable=1)
 
         data = b"A" * 16 + b"B" * 16 + b"C" * 3
-        pkts = self.create_stream_frag(self.pg1,
-                                       self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                       4789,
-                                       4789,
-                                       data,
-                                       proto=IP_PROTOS.udp)
+        pkts = self.create_stream_frag(
+            self.pg1, self.pg0.remote_ip4, 4789, 4789, data, proto=IP_PROTOS.udp
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
         frags = self.pg0.get_capture(len(pkts))
-        p = self.reass_frags_and_verify(frags,
-                                        self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                        self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        p = self.reass_frags_and_verify(frags, self.pg1.remote_ip4, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
         self.assertEqual(p[UDP].sport, 4789)
         self.assertEqual(p[UDP].dport, 4789)
         self.assertEqual(data, p[Raw].load)
 
     def test_reass_hairpinning(self):
-        """ NAT44EI fragments hairpinning """
+        """NAT44EI fragments hairpinning"""
 
         server_addr = self.pg0.remote_hosts[1].ip4
         host_in_port = random.randint(1025, 65535)
@@ -3134,63 +3322,85 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.nat44_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
         # add static mapping for server
-        self.nat44_add_static_mapping(server_addr, self.nat_addr,
-                                      server_in_port,
-                                      server_out_port,
-                                      proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp)
-        self.nat44_add_static_mapping(server_addr, self.nat_addr,
-                                      server_in_port,
-                                      server_out_port,
-                                      proto=IP_PROTOS.udp)
+        self.nat44_add_static_mapping(
+            server_addr,
+            self.nat_addr,
+            server_in_port,
+            server_out_port,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
+        )
+        self.nat44_add_static_mapping(
+            server_addr,
+            self.nat_addr,
+            server_in_port,
+            server_out_port,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.udp,
+        )
         self.nat44_add_static_mapping(server_addr, self.nat_addr)
 
-        self.reass_hairpinning(server_addr, server_in_port, server_out_port,
-                               host_in_port, proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp)
-        self.reass_hairpinning(server_addr, server_in_port, server_out_port,
-                               host_in_port, proto=IP_PROTOS.udp)
-        self.reass_hairpinning(server_addr, server_in_port, server_out_port,
-                               host_in_port, proto=IP_PROTOS.icmp)
+        self.reass_hairpinning(
+            server_addr,
+            server_in_port,
+            server_out_port,
+            host_in_port,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
+        )
+        self.reass_hairpinning(
+            server_addr,
+            server_in_port,
+            server_out_port,
+            host_in_port,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.udp,
+        )
+        self.reass_hairpinning(
+            server_addr,
+            server_in_port,
+            server_out_port,
+            host_in_port,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.icmp,
+        )
 
     def test_frag_out_of_order(self):
-        """ NAT44EI translate fragments arriving out of order """
+        """NAT44EI translate fragments arriving out of order"""
 
         self.nat44_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
         self.frag_out_of_order(proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp)
         self.frag_out_of_order(proto=IP_PROTOS.udp)
         self.frag_out_of_order(proto=IP_PROTOS.icmp)
 
     def test_port_restricted(self):
-        """ NAT44EI Port restricted NAT44EI (MAP-E CE) """
+        """NAT44EI Port restricted NAT44EI (MAP-E CE)"""
         self.nat44_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
-        self.vapi.nat44_ei_set_addr_and_port_alloc_alg(alg=1,
-                                                       psid_offset=6,
-                                                       psid_length=6,
-                                                       psid=10)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
+        self.vapi.nat44_ei_set_addr_and_port_alloc_alg(
+            alg=1, psid_offset=6, psid_length=6, psid=10
+        )
 
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=4567, dport=22))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=4567, dport=22)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -3210,24 +3420,26 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
             raise
 
     def test_port_range(self):
-        """ NAT44EI External address port range """
+        """NAT44EI External address port range"""
         self.nat44_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
-        self.vapi.nat44_ei_set_addr_and_port_alloc_alg(alg=2,
-                                                       start_port=1025,
-                                                       end_port=1027)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
+        self.vapi.nat44_ei_set_addr_and_port_alloc_alg(
+            alg=2, start_port=1025, end_port=1027
+        )
 
         pkts = []
         for port in range(0, 5):
-            p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-                 TCP(sport=1125 + port))
+            p = (
+                Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+                / TCP(sport=1125 + port)
+            )
             pkts.append(p)
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -3239,14 +3451,14 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
             self.assertLessEqual(tcp.sport, 1027)
 
     def test_multiple_outside_vrf(self):
-        """ NAT44EI Multiple outside VRF """
+        """NAT44EI Multiple outside VRF"""
         vrf_id1 = 1
         vrf_id2 = 2
 
         self.pg1.unconfig_ip4()
         self.pg2.unconfig_ip4()
-        self.vapi.ip_table_add_del(is_add=1, table={'table_id': vrf_id1})
-        self.vapi.ip_table_add_del(is_add=1, table={'table_id': vrf_id2})
+        self.vapi.ip_table_add_del(is_add=1, table={"table_id": vrf_id1})
+        self.vapi.ip_table_add_del(is_add=1, table={"table_id": vrf_id2})
         self.pg1.set_table_ip4(vrf_id1)
         self.pg2.set_table_ip4(vrf_id2)
         self.pg1.config_ip4()
@@ -3257,14 +3469,14 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.nat44_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg2.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
         try:
             # first VRF
@@ -3313,20 +3525,26 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
             self.pg2.resolve_arp()
 
     def test_mss_clamping(self):
-        """ NAT44EI TCP MSS clamping """
+        """NAT44EI TCP MSS clamping"""
         self.nat44_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=self.tcp_external_port,
-                 flags="S", options=[('MSS', 1400)]))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(
+                sport=self.tcp_port_in,
+                dport=self.tcp_external_port,
+                flags="S",
+                options=[("MSS", 1400)],
+            )
+        )
 
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_set_mss_clamping(enable=1, mss_value=1000)
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
@@ -3353,21 +3571,22 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.verify_mss_value(capture[0], 1400)
 
     def test_ha_send(self):
-        """ NAT44EI Send HA session synchronization events (active) """
+        """NAT44EI Send HA session synchronization events (active)"""
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
         self.nat44_add_address(self.nat_addr)
 
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_ha_set_listener(
-            ip_address=self.pg3.local_ip4, port=12345, path_mtu=512)
+            ip_address=self.pg3.local_ip4, port=12345, path_mtu=512
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_ha_set_failover(
-            ip_address=self.pg3.remote_ip4, port=12346,
-            session_refresh_interval=10)
+            ip_address=self.pg3.remote_ip4, port=12346, session_refresh_interval=10
+        )
         bind_layers(UDP, HANATStateSync, sport=12345)
 
         # create sessions
@@ -3379,7 +3598,7 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.verify_capture_out(capture)
         # active send HA events
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_ha_flush()
-        stats = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/ha/add-event-send']
+        stats = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/ha/add-event-send"]
         self.assertEqual(stats[:, 0].sum(), 3)
         capture = self.pg3.get_capture(1)
         p = capture[0]
@@ -3407,23 +3626,29 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
                 self.assertEqual(event.fib_index, 0)
 
         # ACK received events
-        ack = (Ether(dst=self.pg3.local_mac, src=self.pg3.remote_mac) /
-               IP(src=self.pg3.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg3.local_ip4) /
-               UDP(sport=12346, dport=12345) /
-               HANATStateSync(sequence_number=seq, flags='ACK',
-                              thread_index=hanat.thread_index))
+        ack = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg3.local_mac, src=self.pg3.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg3.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg3.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=12346, dport=12345)
+            / HANATStateSync(
+                sequence_number=seq, flags="ACK", thread_index=hanat.thread_index
+            )
+        )
         self.pg3.add_stream(ack)
         self.pg_start()
-        stats = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/ha/ack-recv']
+        stats = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/ha/ack-recv"]
         self.assertEqual(stats[:, 0].sum(), 1)
 
         # delete one session
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_del_session(
-            address=self.pg0.remote_ip4, port=self.tcp_port_in,
-            protocol=IP_PROTOS.tcp, flags=self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE)
+            address=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            port=self.tcp_port_in,
+            protocol=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
+            flags=self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE,
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_ha_flush()
-        stats = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/ha/del-event-send']
+        stats = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/ha/del-event-send"]
         self.assertEqual(stats[:, 0].sum(), 1)
         capture = self.pg3.get_capture(1)
         p = capture[0]
@@ -3438,9 +3663,9 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         # do not send ACK, active retry send HA event again
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.virtual_sleep(12)
-        stats = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/ha/retry-count']
+        stats = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/ha/retry-count"]
         self.assertEqual(stats[:, 0].sum(), 3)
-        stats = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/ha/missed-count']
+        stats = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/ha/missed-count"]
         self.assertEqual(stats[:, 0].sum(), 1)
         capture = self.pg3.get_capture(3)
         for packet in capture:
@@ -3453,7 +3678,7 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.pg_start()
         self.pg0.get_capture(2)
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_ha_flush()
-        stats = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/ha/refresh-event-send']
+        stats = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/ha/refresh-event-send"]
         self.assertEqual(stats[:, 0].sum(), 2)
         capture = self.pg3.get_capture(1)
         p = capture[0]
@@ -3480,29 +3705,33 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
                 self.assertEqual(event.total_pkts, 2)
                 self.assertGreater(event.total_bytes, 0)
 
-        stats = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/ha/ack-recv']
-        ack = (Ether(dst=self.pg3.local_mac, src=self.pg3.remote_mac) /
-               IP(src=self.pg3.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg3.local_ip4) /
-               UDP(sport=12346, dport=12345) /
-               HANATStateSync(sequence_number=seq, flags='ACK',
-                              thread_index=hanat.thread_index))
+        stats = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/ha/ack-recv"]
+        ack = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg3.local_mac, src=self.pg3.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg3.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg3.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=12346, dport=12345)
+            / HANATStateSync(
+                sequence_number=seq, flags="ACK", thread_index=hanat.thread_index
+            )
+        )
         self.pg3.add_stream(ack)
         self.pg_start()
-        stats = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/ha/ack-recv']
+        stats = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/ha/ack-recv"]
         self.assertEqual(stats[:, 0].sum(), 2)
 
     def test_ha_recv(self):
-        """ NAT44EI Receive HA session synchronization events (passive) """
+        """NAT44EI Receive HA session synchronization events (passive)"""
         self.nat44_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
-        self.vapi.nat44_ei_ha_set_listener(ip_address=self.pg3.local_ip4,
-                                           port=12345, path_mtu=512)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
+        self.vapi.nat44_ei_ha_set_listener(
+            ip_address=self.pg3.local_ip4, port=12345, path_mtu=512
+        )
         bind_layers(UDP, HANATStateSync, sport=12345)
 
         # this is a bit tricky - HA dictates thread index due to how it's
@@ -3512,11 +3741,12 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         # IP address) and out2in (based on outside port)
 
         # first choose a thread index which is correct for IP
-        thread_index = get_nat44_ei_in2out_worker_index(self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                                        self.vpp_worker_count)
+        thread_index = get_nat44_ei_in2out_worker_index(
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.vpp_worker_count
+        )
 
         # now pick a port which is correct for given thread
-        port_per_thread = int((0xffff-1024) / max(1, self.vpp_worker_count))
+        port_per_thread = int((0xFFFF - 1024) / max(1, self.vpp_worker_count))
         self.tcp_port_out = 1024 + random.randint(1, port_per_thread)
         self.udp_port_out = 1024 + random.randint(1, port_per_thread)
         if self.vpp_worker_count > 0:
@@ -3524,25 +3754,43 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
             self.udp_port_out += port_per_thread * (thread_index - 1)
 
         # send HA session add events to failover/passive
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg3.local_mac, src=self.pg3.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg3.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg3.local_ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=12346, dport=12345) /
-             HANATStateSync(sequence_number=1, events=[
-                 Event(event_type='add', protocol='tcp',
-                       in_addr=self.pg0.remote_ip4, out_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                       in_port=self.tcp_port_in, out_port=self.tcp_port_out,
-                       eh_addr=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                       ehn_addr=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                       eh_port=self.tcp_external_port,
-                       ehn_port=self.tcp_external_port, fib_index=0),
-                 Event(event_type='add', protocol='udp',
-                       in_addr=self.pg0.remote_ip4, out_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                       in_port=self.udp_port_in, out_port=self.udp_port_out,
-                       eh_addr=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                       ehn_addr=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                       eh_port=self.udp_external_port,
-                       ehn_port=self.udp_external_port, fib_index=0)],
-                 thread_index=thread_index))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg3.local_mac, src=self.pg3.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg3.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg3.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=12346, dport=12345)
+            / HANATStateSync(
+                sequence_number=1,
+                events=[
+                    Event(
+                        event_type="add",
+                        protocol="tcp",
+                        in_addr=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                        out_addr=self.nat_addr,
+                        in_port=self.tcp_port_in,
+                        out_port=self.tcp_port_out,
+                        eh_addr=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+                        ehn_addr=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+                        eh_port=self.tcp_external_port,
+                        ehn_port=self.tcp_external_port,
+                        fib_index=0,
+                    ),
+                    Event(
+                        event_type="add",
+                        protocol="udp",
+                        in_addr=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                        out_addr=self.nat_addr,
+                        in_port=self.udp_port_in,
+                        out_port=self.udp_port_out,
+                        eh_addr=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+                        ehn_addr=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+                        eh_port=self.udp_external_port,
+                        ehn_port=self.udp_external_port,
+                        fib_index=0,
+                    ),
+                ],
+                thread_index=thread_index,
+            )
+        )
 
         self.pg3.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -3557,49 +3805,57 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
             raise
         else:
             self.assertEqual(hanat.sequence_number, 1)
-            self.assertEqual(hanat.flags, 'ACK')
+            self.assertEqual(hanat.flags, "ACK")
             self.assertEqual(hanat.version, 1)
             self.assertEqual(hanat.thread_index, thread_index)
-        stats = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/ha/ack-send']
+        stats = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/ha/ack-send"]
         self.assertEqual(stats[:, 0].sum(), 1)
-        stats = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/ha/add-event-recv']
+        stats = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/ha/add-event-recv"]
         self.assertEqual(stats[:, 0].sum(), 2)
-        users = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/total-users']
+        users = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/total-users"]
         self.assertEqual(users[:, 0].sum(), 1)
-        sessions = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/total-sessions']
+        sessions = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/total-sessions"]
         self.assertEqual(sessions[:, 0].sum(), 2)
         users = self.vapi.nat44_ei_user_dump()
         self.assertEqual(len(users), 1)
-        self.assertEqual(str(users[0].ip_address),
-                         self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        self.assertEqual(str(users[0].ip_address), self.pg0.remote_ip4)
         # there should be 2 sessions created by HA
         sessions = self.vapi.nat44_ei_user_session_dump(
-            users[0].ip_address, users[0].vrf_id)
+            users[0].ip_address, users[0].vrf_id
+        )
         self.assertEqual(len(sessions), 2)
         for session in sessions:
-            self.assertEqual(str(session.inside_ip_address),
-                             self.pg0.remote_ip4)
-            self.assertEqual(str(session.outside_ip_address),
-                             self.nat_addr)
-            self.assertIn(session.inside_port,
-                          [self.tcp_port_in, self.udp_port_in])
-            self.assertIn(session.outside_port,
-                          [self.tcp_port_out, self.udp_port_out])
+            self.assertEqual(str(session.inside_ip_address), self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+            self.assertEqual(str(session.outside_ip_address), self.nat_addr)
+            self.assertIn(session.inside_port, [self.tcp_port_in, self.udp_port_in])
+            self.assertIn(session.outside_port, [self.tcp_port_out, self.udp_port_out])
             self.assertIn(session.protocol, [IP_PROTOS.tcp, IP_PROTOS.udp])
 
         # send HA session delete event to failover/passive
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg3.local_mac, src=self.pg3.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg3.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg3.local_ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=12346, dport=12345) /
-             HANATStateSync(sequence_number=2, events=[
-                 Event(event_type='del', protocol='udp',
-                       in_addr=self.pg0.remote_ip4, out_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                       in_port=self.udp_port_in, out_port=self.udp_port_out,
-                       eh_addr=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                       ehn_addr=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                       eh_port=self.udp_external_port,
-                       ehn_port=self.udp_external_port, fib_index=0)],
-                 thread_index=thread_index))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg3.local_mac, src=self.pg3.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg3.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg3.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=12346, dport=12345)
+            / HANATStateSync(
+                sequence_number=2,
+                events=[
+                    Event(
+                        event_type="del",
+                        protocol="udp",
+                        in_addr=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                        out_addr=self.nat_addr,
+                        in_port=self.udp_port_in,
+                        out_port=self.udp_port_out,
+                        eh_addr=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+                        ehn_addr=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+                        eh_port=self.udp_external_port,
+                        ehn_port=self.udp_external_port,
+                        fib_index=0,
+                    )
+                ],
+                thread_index=thread_index,
+            )
+        )
 
         self.pg3.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -3614,37 +3870,49 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
             raise
         else:
             self.assertEqual(hanat.sequence_number, 2)
-            self.assertEqual(hanat.flags, 'ACK')
+            self.assertEqual(hanat.flags, "ACK")
             self.assertEqual(hanat.version, 1)
         users = self.vapi.nat44_ei_user_dump()
         self.assertEqual(len(users), 1)
-        self.assertEqual(str(users[0].ip_address),
-                         self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        self.assertEqual(str(users[0].ip_address), self.pg0.remote_ip4)
         # now we should have only 1 session, 1 deleted by HA
-        sessions = self.vapi.nat44_ei_user_session_dump(users[0].ip_address,
-                                                        users[0].vrf_id)
+        sessions = self.vapi.nat44_ei_user_session_dump(
+            users[0].ip_address, users[0].vrf_id
+        )
         self.assertEqual(len(sessions), 1)
-        stats = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/ha/del-event-recv']
+        stats = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/ha/del-event-recv"]
         self.assertEqual(stats[:, 0].sum(), 1)
 
-        stats = self.statistics.get_err_counter(
-            '/err/nat44-ei-ha/pkts-processed')
+        stats = self.statistics.get_err_counter("/err/nat44-ei-ha/pkts-processed")
         self.assertEqual(stats, 2)
 
         # send HA session refresh event to failover/passive
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg3.local_mac, src=self.pg3.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg3.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg3.local_ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=12346, dport=12345) /
-             HANATStateSync(sequence_number=3, events=[
-                 Event(event_type='refresh', protocol='tcp',
-                       in_addr=self.pg0.remote_ip4, out_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                       in_port=self.tcp_port_in, out_port=self.tcp_port_out,
-                       eh_addr=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                       ehn_addr=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                       eh_port=self.tcp_external_port,
-                       ehn_port=self.tcp_external_port, fib_index=0,
-                       total_bytes=1024, total_pkts=2)],
-                 thread_index=thread_index))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg3.local_mac, src=self.pg3.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg3.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg3.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=12346, dport=12345)
+            / HANATStateSync(
+                sequence_number=3,
+                events=[
+                    Event(
+                        event_type="refresh",
+                        protocol="tcp",
+                        in_addr=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                        out_addr=self.nat_addr,
+                        in_port=self.tcp_port_in,
+                        out_port=self.tcp_port_out,
+                        eh_addr=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+                        ehn_addr=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+                        eh_port=self.tcp_external_port,
+                        ehn_port=self.tcp_external_port,
+                        fib_index=0,
+                        total_bytes=1024,
+                        total_pkts=2,
+                    )
+                ],
+                thread_index=thread_index,
+            )
+        )
         self.pg3.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -3658,29 +3926,30 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
             raise
         else:
             self.assertEqual(hanat.sequence_number, 3)
-            self.assertEqual(hanat.flags, 'ACK')
+            self.assertEqual(hanat.flags, "ACK")
             self.assertEqual(hanat.version, 1)
         users = self.vapi.nat44_ei_user_dump()
         self.assertEqual(len(users), 1)
-        self.assertEqual(str(users[0].ip_address),
-                         self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        self.assertEqual(str(users[0].ip_address), self.pg0.remote_ip4)
         sessions = self.vapi.nat44_ei_user_session_dump(
-            users[0].ip_address, users[0].vrf_id)
+            users[0].ip_address, users[0].vrf_id
+        )
         self.assertEqual(len(sessions), 1)
         session = sessions[0]
         self.assertEqual(session.total_bytes, 1024)
         self.assertEqual(session.total_pkts, 2)
-        stats = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/ha/refresh-event-recv']
+        stats = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/ha/refresh-event-recv"]
         self.assertEqual(stats[:, 0].sum(), 1)
 
-        stats = self.statistics.get_err_counter(
-            '/err/nat44-ei-ha/pkts-processed')
+        stats = self.statistics.get_err_counter("/err/nat44-ei-ha/pkts-processed")
         self.assertEqual(stats, 3)
 
         # send packet to test session created by HA
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=self.tcp_external_port, dport=self.tcp_port_out))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=self.tcp_external_port, dport=self.tcp_port_out)
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -3706,7 +3975,7 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         return self.vapi.nat44_ei_show_fq_options().frame_queue_nelts
 
     def test_set_frame_queue_nelts(self):
-        """ NAT44EI API test - worker handoff frame queue elements """
+        """NAT44EI API test - worker handoff frame queue elements"""
         self.assertEqual(self.reconfigure_frame_queue_nelts(512), 512)
 
     def show_commands_at_teardown(self):
@@ -3718,11 +3987,10 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show nat44 ei sessions detail"))
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show nat44 ei hash tables detail"))
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show nat44 ei ha"))
-        self.logger.info(
-            self.vapi.cli("show nat44 ei addr-port-assignment-alg"))
+        self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show nat44 ei addr-port-assignment-alg"))
 
     def test_outside_address_distribution(self):
-        """ Outside address distribution based on source address """
+        """Outside address distribution based on source address"""
 
         x = 100
         nat_addresses = []
@@ -3733,16 +4001,18 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
 
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_add_del_address_range(
             first_ip_address=nat_addresses[0],
             last_ip_address=nat_addresses[-1],
-            vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF, is_add=1)
+            vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF,
+            is_add=1,
+        )
 
         self.pg0.generate_remote_hosts(x)
 
@@ -3750,11 +4020,12 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
         for i in range(x):
             info = self.create_packet_info(self.pg0, self.pg1)
             payload = self.info_to_payload(info)
-            p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg0.remote_hosts[i].ip4,
-                     dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=7000+i, dport=8000+i) /
-                 Raw(payload))
+            p = (
+                Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_hosts[i].ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=7000 + i, dport=8000 + i)
+                / Raw(payload)
+            )
             info.data = p
             pkts.append(p)
 
@@ -3772,21 +4043,23 @@ class TestNAT44EI(MethodHolder):
             packed = socket.inet_aton(p_sent[IP].src)
             numeric = struct.unpack("!L", packed)[0]
             numeric = socket.htonl(numeric)
-            a = nat_addresses[(numeric-1) % len(nat_addresses)]
+            a = nat_addresses[(numeric - 1) % len(nat_addresses)]
             self.assertEqual(
-                a, p_recvd[IP].src,
+                a,
+                p_recvd[IP].src,
                 "Invalid packet (src IP %s translated to %s, but expected %s)"
-                % (p_sent[IP].src, p_recvd[IP].src, a))
+                % (p_sent[IP].src, p_recvd[IP].src, a),
+            )
 
     def test_default_user_sessions(self):
-        """ NAT44EI default per-user session limit is used and reported """
+        """NAT44EI default per-user session limit is used and reported"""
         nat44_ei_config = self.vapi.nat44_ei_show_running_config()
         # a nonzero default should be reported for user_sessions
         self.assertNotEqual(nat44_ei_config.user_sessions, 0)
 
 
 class TestNAT44Out2InDPO(MethodHolder):
-    """ NAT44EI Test Cases using out2in DPO """
+    """NAT44EI Test Cases using out2in DPO"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -3799,8 +4072,8 @@ class TestNAT44Out2InDPO(MethodHolder):
         cls.udp_port_out = 6304
         cls.icmp_id_in = 6305
         cls.icmp_id_out = 6305
-        cls.nat_addr = '10.0.0.3'
-        cls.dst_ip4 = '192.168.70.1'
+        cls.nat_addr = "10.0.0.3"
+        cls.dst_ip4 = "192.168.70.1"
 
         cls.create_pg_interfaces(range(2))
 
@@ -3812,10 +4085,13 @@ class TestNAT44Out2InDPO(MethodHolder):
         cls.pg1.config_ip6()
         cls.pg1.resolve_ndp()
 
-        r1 = VppIpRoute(cls, "::", 0,
-                        [VppRoutePath(cls.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                                      cls.pg1.sw_if_index)],
-                        register=False)
+        r1 = VppIpRoute(
+            cls,
+            "::",
+            0,
+            [VppRoutePath(cls.pg1.remote_ip6, cls.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+            register=False,
+        )
         r1.add_vpp_config()
 
     def setUp(self):
@@ -3830,37 +4106,44 @@ class TestNAT44Out2InDPO(MethodHolder):
             self.vapi.cli("clear logging")
 
     def configure_xlat(self):
-        self.dst_ip6_pfx = '1:2:3::'
-        self.dst_ip6_pfx_n = socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET6,
-                                              self.dst_ip6_pfx)
+        self.dst_ip6_pfx = "1:2:3::"
+        self.dst_ip6_pfx_n = socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET6, self.dst_ip6_pfx)
         self.dst_ip6_pfx_len = 96
-        self.src_ip6_pfx = '4:5:6::'
-        self.src_ip6_pfx_n = socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET6,
-                                              self.src_ip6_pfx)
+        self.src_ip6_pfx = "4:5:6::"
+        self.src_ip6_pfx_n = socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET6, self.src_ip6_pfx)
         self.src_ip6_pfx_len = 96
-        self.vapi.map_add_domain(self.dst_ip6_pfx_n, self.dst_ip6_pfx_len,
-                                 self.src_ip6_pfx_n, self.src_ip6_pfx_len,
-                                 '\x00\x00\x00\x00', 0)
+        self.vapi.map_add_domain(
+            self.dst_ip6_pfx_n,
+            self.dst_ip6_pfx_len,
+            self.src_ip6_pfx_n,
+            self.src_ip6_pfx_len,
+            "\x00\x00\x00\x00",
+            0,
+        )
 
-    @unittest.skip('Temporary disabled')
+    @unittest.skip("Temporary disabled")
     def test_464xlat_ce(self):
-        """ Test 464XLAT CE with NAT44EI """
+        """Test 464XLAT CE with NAT44EI"""
 
         self.configure_xlat()
 
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_add_del_address_range(
             first_ip_address=self.nat_addr_n,
             last_ip_address=self.nat_addr_n,
-            vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF, is_add=1)
+            vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF,
+            is_add=1,
+        )
 
-        out_src_ip6 = self.compose_ip6(self.dst_ip4, self.dst_ip6_pfx,
-                                       self.dst_ip6_pfx_len)
-        out_dst_ip6 = self.compose_ip6(self.nat_addr, self.src_ip6_pfx,
-                                       self.src_ip6_pfx_len)
+        out_src_ip6 = self.compose_ip6(
+            self.dst_ip4, self.dst_ip6_pfx, self.dst_ip6_pfx_len
+        )
+        out_dst_ip6 = self.compose_ip6(
+            self.nat_addr, self.src_ip6_pfx, self.src_ip6_pfx_len
+        )
 
         try:
             pkts = self.create_stream_in(self.pg0, self.pg1, self.dst_ip4)
@@ -3868,11 +4151,9 @@ class TestNAT44Out2InDPO(MethodHolder):
             self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
             self.pg_start()
             capture = self.pg1.get_capture(len(pkts))
-            self.verify_capture_out_ip6(capture, nat_ip=out_dst_ip6,
-                                        dst_ip=out_src_ip6)
+            self.verify_capture_out_ip6(capture, nat_ip=out_dst_ip6, dst_ip=out_src_ip6)
 
-            pkts = self.create_stream_out_ip6(self.pg1, out_src_ip6,
-                                              out_dst_ip6)
+            pkts = self.create_stream_out_ip6(self.pg1, out_src_ip6, out_dst_ip6)
             self.pg1.add_stream(pkts)
             self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
             self.pg_start()
@@ -3880,31 +4161,35 @@ class TestNAT44Out2InDPO(MethodHolder):
             self.verify_capture_in(capture, self.pg0)
         finally:
             self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-                sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                flags=flags)
+                sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags
+            )
             self.vapi.nat44_ei_add_del_address_range(
                 first_ip_address=self.nat_addr_n,
                 last_ip_address=self.nat_addr_n,
-                vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF)
+                vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF,
+            )
 
-    @unittest.skip('Temporary disabled')
+    @unittest.skip("Temporary disabled")
     def test_464xlat_ce_no_nat(self):
-        """ Test 464XLAT CE without NAT44EI """
+        """Test 464XLAT CE without NAT44EI"""
 
         self.configure_xlat()
 
-        out_src_ip6 = self.compose_ip6(self.dst_ip4, self.dst_ip6_pfx,
-                                       self.dst_ip6_pfx_len)
-        out_dst_ip6 = self.compose_ip6(self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.src_ip6_pfx,
-                                       self.src_ip6_pfx_len)
+        out_src_ip6 = self.compose_ip6(
+            self.dst_ip4, self.dst_ip6_pfx, self.dst_ip6_pfx_len
+        )
+        out_dst_ip6 = self.compose_ip6(
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.src_ip6_pfx, self.src_ip6_pfx_len
+        )
 
         pkts = self.create_stream_in(self.pg0, self.pg1, self.dst_ip4)
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
         capture = self.pg1.get_capture(len(pkts))
-        self.verify_capture_out_ip6(capture, dst_ip=out_src_ip6,
-                                    nat_ip=out_dst_ip6, same_port=True)
+        self.verify_capture_out_ip6(
+            capture, dst_ip=out_src_ip6, nat_ip=out_dst_ip6, same_port=True
+        )
 
         pkts = self.create_stream_out_ip6(self.pg1, out_src_ip6, out_dst_ip6)
         self.pg1.add_stream(pkts)
@@ -3915,7 +4200,8 @@ class TestNAT44Out2InDPO(MethodHolder):
 
 
 class TestNAT44EIMW(MethodHolder):
-    """ NAT44EI Test Cases (multiple workers) """
+    """NAT44EI Test Cases (multiple workers)"""
+
     vpp_worker_count = 2
     max_translations = 10240
     max_users = 10240
@@ -3931,7 +4217,7 @@ class TestNAT44EIMW(MethodHolder):
         cls.udp_port_out = 6304
         cls.icmp_id_in = 6305
         cls.icmp_id_out = 6305
-        cls.nat_addr = '10.0.0.3'
+        cls.nat_addr = "10.0.0.3"
         cls.ipfix_src_port = 4739
         cls.ipfix_domain_id = 1
         cls.tcp_external_port = 80
@@ -3952,8 +4238,8 @@ class TestNAT44EIMW(MethodHolder):
         cls.pg1.configure_ipv4_neighbors()
 
         cls.overlapping_interfaces = list(list(cls.pg_interfaces[4:7]))
-        cls.vapi.ip_table_add_del(is_add=1, table={'table_id': 10})
-        cls.vapi.ip_table_add_del(is_add=1, table={'table_id': 20})
+        cls.vapi.ip_table_add_del(is_add=1, table={"table_id": 10})
+        cls.vapi.ip_table_add_del(is_add=1, table={"table_id": 20})
 
         cls.pg4._local_ip4 = "172.16.255.1"
         cls.pg4._remote_hosts[0]._ip4 = "172.16.255.2"
@@ -3975,8 +4261,8 @@ class TestNAT44EIMW(MethodHolder):
         cls.pg9.generate_remote_hosts(2)
         cls.pg9.config_ip4()
         cls.vapi.sw_interface_add_del_address(
-            sw_if_index=cls.pg9.sw_if_index,
-            prefix="10.0.0.1/24")
+            sw_if_index=cls.pg9.sw_if_index, prefix="10.0.0.1/24"
+        )
 
         cls.pg9.admin_up()
         cls.pg9.resolve_arp()
@@ -3987,16 +4273,15 @@ class TestNAT44EIMW(MethodHolder):
     def setUp(self):
         super(TestNAT44EIMW, self).setUp()
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_plugin_enable_disable(
-            sessions=self.max_translations,
-            users=self.max_users, enable=1)
+            sessions=self.max_translations, users=self.max_users, enable=1
+        )
 
     def tearDown(self):
         super(TestNAT44EIMW, self).tearDown()
         if not self.vpp_dead:
             self.vapi.nat44_ei_ipfix_enable_disable(
-                domain_id=self.ipfix_domain_id,
-                src_port=self.ipfix_src_port,
-                enable=0)
+                domain_id=self.ipfix_domain_id, src_port=self.ipfix_src_port, enable=0
+            )
             self.ipfix_src_port = 4739
             self.ipfix_domain_id = 1
 
@@ -4004,7 +4289,7 @@ class TestNAT44EIMW(MethodHolder):
             self.vapi.cli("clear logging")
 
     def test_hairpinning(self):
-        """ NAT44EI hairpinning - 1:1 NAPT """
+        """NAT44EI hairpinning - 1:1 NAPT"""
 
         host = self.pg0.remote_hosts[0]
         server = self.pg0.remote_hosts[1]
@@ -4018,22 +4303,28 @@ class TestNAT44EIMW(MethodHolder):
         self.nat44_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
         # add static mapping for server
-        self.nat44_add_static_mapping(server.ip4, self.nat_addr,
-                                      server_in_port, server_out_port,
-                                      proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp)
+        self.nat44_add_static_mapping(
+            server.ip4,
+            self.nat_addr,
+            server_in_port,
+            server_out_port,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
+        )
 
-        cnt = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/hairpinning']
+        cnt = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/hairpinning"]
         # send packet from host to server
-        p = (Ether(src=host.mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=host.ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=host_in_port, dport=server_out_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=host.mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=host.ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=host_in_port, dport=server_out_port)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -4052,15 +4343,17 @@ class TestNAT44EIMW(MethodHolder):
             self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:", p))
             raise
 
-        after = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/hairpinning']
+        after = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/hairpinning"]
 
         if_idx = self.pg0.sw_if_index
         self.assertEqual(after[worker_2][if_idx] - cnt[worker_1][if_idx], 1)
 
         # send reply from server to host
-        p = (Ether(src=server.mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=server.ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=server_in_port, dport=host_out_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=server.mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=server.ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=server_in_port, dport=host_out_port)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -4078,13 +4371,13 @@ class TestNAT44EIMW(MethodHolder):
             self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:", p))
             raise
 
-        after = self.statistics['/nat44-ei/hairpinning']
+        after = self.statistics["/nat44-ei/hairpinning"]
         if_idx = self.pg0.sw_if_index
         self.assertEqual(after[worker_1][if_idx] - cnt[worker_1][if_idx], 1)
         self.assertEqual(after[worker_2][if_idx] - cnt[worker_2][if_idx], 2)
 
     def test_hairpinning2(self):
-        """ NAT44EI hairpinning - 1:1 NAT"""
+        """NAT44EI hairpinning - 1:1 NAT"""
 
         server1_nat_ip = "10.0.0.10"
         server2_nat_ip = "10.0.0.11"
@@ -4097,11 +4390,11 @@ class TestNAT44EIMW(MethodHolder):
         self.nat44_add_address(self.nat_addr)
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT44_EI_IF_INSIDE
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-            flags=flags, is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, flags=flags, is_add=1
+        )
         self.vapi.nat44_ei_interface_add_del_feature(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1
+        )
 
         # add static mapping for servers
         self.nat44_add_static_mapping(server1.ip4, server1_nat_ip)
@@ -4109,17 +4402,23 @@ class TestNAT44EIMW(MethodHolder):
 
         # host to server1
         pkts = []
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=host.ip4, dst=server1_nat_ip) /
-             TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=server_tcp_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=host.ip4, dst=server1_nat_ip)
+            / TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=server_tcp_port)
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=host.ip4, dst=server1_nat_ip) /
-             UDP(sport=self.udp_port_in, dport=server_udp_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=host.ip4, dst=server1_nat_ip)
+            / UDP(sport=self.udp_port_in, dport=server_udp_port)
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=host.ip4, dst=server1_nat_ip) /
-             ICMP(id=self.icmp_id_in, type='echo-request'))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=host.ip4, dst=server1_nat_ip)
+            / ICMP(id=self.icmp_id_in, type="echo-request")
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -4147,17 +4446,23 @@ class TestNAT44EIMW(MethodHolder):
 
         # server1 to host
         pkts = []
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=server1.ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=server_tcp_port, dport=self.tcp_port_out))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=server1.ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=server_tcp_port, dport=self.tcp_port_out)
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=server1.ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             UDP(sport=server_udp_port, dport=self.udp_port_out))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=server1.ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / UDP(sport=server_udp_port, dport=self.udp_port_out)
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=server1.ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             ICMP(id=self.icmp_id_out, type='echo-reply'))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=server1.ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / ICMP(id=self.icmp_id_out, type="echo-reply")
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -4182,17 +4487,23 @@ class TestNAT44EIMW(MethodHolder):
 
         # server2 to server1
         pkts = []
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=server2.ip4, dst=server1_nat_ip) /
-             TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=server_tcp_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=server2.ip4, dst=server1_nat_ip)
+            / TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=server_tcp_port)
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=server2.ip4, dst=server1_nat_ip) /
-             UDP(sport=self.udp_port_in, dport=server_udp_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=server2.ip4, dst=server1_nat_ip)
+            / UDP(sport=self.udp_port_in, dport=server_udp_port)
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=server2.ip4, dst=server1_nat_ip) /
-             ICMP(id=self.icmp_id_in, type='echo-request'))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=server2.ip4, dst=server1_nat_ip)
+            / ICMP(id=self.icmp_id_in, type="echo-request")
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -4220,17 +4531,23 @@ class TestNAT44EIMW(MethodHolder):
 
         # server1 to server2
         pkts = []
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=server1.ip4, dst=server2_nat_ip) /
-             TCP(sport=server_tcp_port, dport=self.tcp_port_out))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=server1.ip4, dst=server2_nat_ip)
+            / TCP(sport=server_tcp_port, dport=self.tcp_port_out)
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=server1.ip4, dst=server2_nat_ip) /
-             UDP(sport=server_udp_port, dport=self.udp_port_out))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=server1.ip4, dst=server2_nat_ip)
+            / UDP(sport=server_udp_port, dport=self.udp_port_out)
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=server1.ip4, dst=server2_nat_ip) /
-             ICMP(id=self.icmp_id_out, type='echo-reply'))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=server1.ip4, dst=server2_nat_ip)
+            / ICMP(id=self.icmp_id_out, type="echo-reply")
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -4254,5 +4571,5 @@ class TestNAT44EIMW(MethodHolder):
                 raise
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_nat64.py b/test/test_nat64.py
index c51adac09de..214072addc9 100644
--- a/test/test_nat64.py
+++ b/test/test_nat64.py
@@ -16,8 +16,15 @@ from scapy.data import IP_PROTOS
 from scapy.layers.inet import IP, TCP, UDP, ICMP
 from scapy.layers.inet import IPerror, TCPerror, UDPerror, ICMPerror
 from scapy.layers.inet6 import ICMPv6DestUnreach, IPerror6, IPv6ExtHdrFragment
-from scapy.layers.inet6 import IPv6, ICMPv6EchoRequest, ICMPv6EchoReply, \
-    ICMPv6ND_NS, ICMPv6ND_NA, ICMPv6NDOptDstLLAddr, fragment6
+from scapy.layers.inet6 import (
+    IPv6,
+    ICMPv6EchoRequest,
+    ICMPv6EchoReply,
+    ICMPv6ND_NS,
+    ICMPv6ND_NA,
+    ICMPv6NDOptDstLLAddr,
+    fragment6,
+)
 from scapy.layers.l2 import Ether, GRE
 from scapy.packet import Raw
 from syslog_rfc5424_parser import SyslogMessage, ParseError
@@ -28,7 +35,7 @@ from vpp_papi import VppEnum
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
-    """ NAT64 Test Cases """
+    """NAT64 Test Cases"""
 
     @property
     def SYSLOG_SEVERITY(self):
@@ -49,10 +56,10 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
         cls.icmp_id_in = 6305
         cls.icmp_id_out = 6305
         cls.tcp_external_port = 80
-        cls.nat_addr = '10.0.0.3'
+        cls.nat_addr = "10.0.0.3"
         cls.nat_addr_n = socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET, cls.nat_addr)
         cls.vrf1_id = 10
-        cls.vrf1_nat_addr = '10.0.10.3'
+        cls.vrf1_nat_addr = "10.0.10.3"
         cls.ipfix_src_port = 4739
         cls.ipfix_domain_id = 1
 
@@ -61,9 +68,9 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
         cls.ip6_interfaces.append(cls.pg_interfaces[2])
         cls.ip4_interfaces = list(cls.pg_interfaces[1:2])
 
-        cls.vapi.ip_table_add_del(is_add=1,
-                                  table={'table_id': cls.vrf1_id,
-                                         'is_ip6': 1})
+        cls.vapi.ip_table_add_del(
+            is_add=1, table={"table_id": cls.vrf1_id, "is_ip6": 1}
+        )
 
         cls.pg_interfaces[2].set_table_ip6(cls.vrf1_id)
 
@@ -94,8 +101,7 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
         super(TestNAT64, self).setUp()
-        self.vapi.nat64_plugin_enable_disable(enable=1,
-                                              bib_buckets=128, st_buckets=256)
+        self.vapi.nat64_plugin_enable_disable(enable=1, bib_buckets=128, st_buckets=256)
 
     def tearDown(self):
         super(TestNAT64, self).tearDown()
@@ -121,32 +127,37 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
         """
         pkts = []
         if pref is None:
-            dst = ''.join(['64:ff9b::', out_if.remote_ip4])
+            dst = "".join(["64:ff9b::", out_if.remote_ip4])
         else:
             dst = self.compose_ip6(out_if.remote_ip4, pref, plen)
 
         # TCP
-        p = (Ether(dst=in_if.local_mac, src=in_if.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=in_if.remote_ip6, dst=dst, hlim=hlim) /
-             TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=20))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=in_if.local_mac, src=in_if.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=in_if.remote_ip6, dst=dst, hlim=hlim)
+            / TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=20)
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
 
         # UDP
-        p = (Ether(dst=in_if.local_mac, src=in_if.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=in_if.remote_ip6, dst=dst, hlim=hlim) /
-             UDP(sport=self.udp_port_in, dport=20))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=in_if.local_mac, src=in_if.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=in_if.remote_ip6, dst=dst, hlim=hlim)
+            / UDP(sport=self.udp_port_in, dport=20)
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
 
         # ICMP
-        p = (Ether(dst=in_if.local_mac, src=in_if.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=in_if.remote_ip6, dst=dst, hlim=hlim) /
-             ICMPv6EchoRequest(id=self.icmp_id_in))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=in_if.local_mac, src=in_if.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=in_if.remote_ip6, dst=dst, hlim=hlim)
+            / ICMPv6EchoRequest(id=self.icmp_id_in)
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
 
         return pkts
 
-    def create_stream_out(self, out_if, dst_ip=None, ttl=64,
-                          use_inside_ports=False):
+    def create_stream_out(self, out_if, dst_ip=None, ttl=64, use_inside_ports=False):
         """
         Create packet stream for outside network
 
@@ -168,27 +179,40 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
             icmp_id = self.icmp_id_in
         pkts = []
         # TCP
-        p = (Ether(dst=out_if.local_mac, src=out_if.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=out_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_ip, ttl=ttl) /
-             TCP(dport=tcp_port, sport=20))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=out_if.local_mac, src=out_if.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=out_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_ip, ttl=ttl)
+            / TCP(dport=tcp_port, sport=20)
+        )
         pkts.extend([p, p])
 
         # UDP
-        p = (Ether(dst=out_if.local_mac, src=out_if.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=out_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_ip, ttl=ttl) /
-             UDP(dport=udp_port, sport=20))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=out_if.local_mac, src=out_if.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=out_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_ip, ttl=ttl)
+            / UDP(dport=udp_port, sport=20)
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
 
         # ICMP
-        p = (Ether(dst=out_if.local_mac, src=out_if.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=out_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_ip, ttl=ttl) /
-             ICMP(id=icmp_id, type='echo-reply'))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=out_if.local_mac, src=out_if.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=out_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_ip, ttl=ttl)
+            / ICMP(id=icmp_id, type="echo-reply")
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
 
         return pkts
 
-    def verify_capture_out(self, capture, nat_ip=None, same_port=False,
-                           dst_ip=None, is_ip6=False, ignore_port=False):
+    def verify_capture_out(
+        self,
+        capture,
+        nat_ip=None,
+        same_port=False,
+        dst_ip=None,
+        is_ip6=False,
+        ignore_port=False,
+    ):
         """
         Verify captured packets on outside network
 
@@ -216,35 +240,30 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
                 if packet.haslayer(TCP):
                     if not ignore_port:
                         if same_port:
-                            self.assertEqual(
-                                packet[TCP].sport, self.tcp_port_in)
+                            self.assertEqual(packet[TCP].sport, self.tcp_port_in)
                         else:
-                            self.assertNotEqual(
-                                packet[TCP].sport, self.tcp_port_in)
+                            self.assertNotEqual(packet[TCP].sport, self.tcp_port_in)
                     self.tcp_port_out = packet[TCP].sport
                     self.assert_packet_checksums_valid(packet)
                 elif packet.haslayer(UDP):
                     if not ignore_port:
                         if same_port:
-                            self.assertEqual(
-                                packet[UDP].sport, self.udp_port_in)
+                            self.assertEqual(packet[UDP].sport, self.udp_port_in)
                         else:
-                            self.assertNotEqual(
-                                packet[UDP].sport, self.udp_port_in)
+                            self.assertNotEqual(packet[UDP].sport, self.udp_port_in)
                     self.udp_port_out = packet[UDP].sport
                 else:
                     if not ignore_port:
                         if same_port:
-                            self.assertEqual(
-                                packet[ICMP46].id, self.icmp_id_in)
+                            self.assertEqual(packet[ICMP46].id, self.icmp_id_in)
                         else:
-                            self.assertNotEqual(
-                                packet[ICMP46].id, self.icmp_id_in)
+                            self.assertNotEqual(packet[ICMP46].id, self.icmp_id_in)
                     self.icmp_id_out = packet[ICMP46].id
                     self.assert_packet_checksums_valid(packet)
             except:
-                self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet "
-                                      "(outside network):", packet))
+                self.logger.error(
+                    ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet (outside network):", packet)
+                )
                 raise
 
     def verify_capture_in_ip6(self, capture, src_ip, dst_ip):
@@ -265,15 +284,16 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
                 elif packet.haslayer(UDP):
                     self.assertEqual(packet[UDP].dport, self.udp_port_in)
                 else:
-                    self.assertEqual(packet[ICMPv6EchoReply].id,
-                                     self.icmp_id_in)
+                    self.assertEqual(packet[ICMPv6EchoReply].id, self.icmp_id_in)
             except:
-                self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet "
-                                      "(inside network):", packet))
+                self.logger.error(
+                    ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet (inside network):", packet)
+                )
                 raise
 
-    def create_stream_frag(self, src_if, dst, sport, dport, data,
-                           proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp, echo_reply=False):
+    def create_stream_frag(
+        self, src_if, dst, sport, dport, data, proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp, echo_reply=False
+    ):
         """
         Create fragmented packet stream
 
@@ -287,9 +307,11 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
         :returns: Fragments
         """
         if proto == IP_PROTOS.tcp:
-            p = (IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst) /
-                 TCP(sport=sport, dport=dport) /
-                 Raw(data))
+            p = (
+                IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst)
+                / TCP(sport=sport, dport=dport)
+                / Raw(data)
+            )
             p = p.__class__(scapy.compat.raw(p))
             chksum = p[TCP].chksum
             proto_header = TCP(sport=sport, dport=dport, chksum=chksum)
@@ -297,9 +319,9 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
             proto_header = UDP(sport=sport, dport=dport)
         elif proto == IP_PROTOS.icmp:
             if not echo_reply:
-                proto_header = ICMP(id=sport, type='echo-request')
+                proto_header = ICMP(id=sport, type="echo-request")
             else:
-                proto_header = ICMP(id=sport, type='echo-reply')
+                proto_header = ICMP(id=sport, type="echo-reply")
         else:
             raise Exception("Unsupported protocol")
         id = random.randint(0, 65535)
@@ -308,33 +330,38 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
             raw = Raw(data[0:4])
         else:
             raw = Raw(data[0:16])
-        p = (Ether(src=src_if.remote_mac, dst=src_if.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst, flags="MF", frag=0, id=id) /
-             proto_header /
-             raw)
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=src_if.remote_mac, dst=src_if.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst, flags="MF", frag=0, id=id)
+            / proto_header
+            / raw
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
         if proto == IP_PROTOS.tcp:
             raw = Raw(data[4:20])
         else:
             raw = Raw(data[16:32])
-        p = (Ether(src=src_if.remote_mac, dst=src_if.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst, flags="MF", frag=3, id=id,
-                proto=proto) /
-             raw)
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=src_if.remote_mac, dst=src_if.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst, flags="MF", frag=3, id=id, proto=proto)
+            / raw
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
         if proto == IP_PROTOS.tcp:
             raw = Raw(data[20:])
         else:
             raw = Raw(data[32:])
-        p = (Ether(src=src_if.remote_mac, dst=src_if.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst, frag=5, proto=proto,
-                id=id) /
-             raw)
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=src_if.remote_mac, dst=src_if.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst, frag=5, proto=proto, id=id)
+            / raw
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
         return pkts
 
-    def create_stream_frag_ip6(self, src_if, dst, sport, dport, data,
-                               pref=None, plen=0, frag_size=128):
+    def create_stream_frag_ip6(
+        self, src_if, dst, sport, dport, data, pref=None, plen=0, frag_size=128
+    ):
         """
         Create fragmented packet stream
 
@@ -349,15 +376,17 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
         :returns: Fragments
         """
         if pref is None:
-            dst_ip6 = ''.join(['64:ff9b::', dst])
+            dst_ip6 = "".join(["64:ff9b::", dst])
         else:
             dst_ip6 = self.compose_ip6(dst, pref, plen)
 
-        p = (Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=src_if.remote_ip6, dst=dst_ip6) /
-             IPv6ExtHdrFragment(id=random.randint(0, 65535)) /
-             TCP(sport=sport, dport=dport) /
-             Raw(data))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=src_if.remote_ip6, dst=dst_ip6)
+            / IPv6ExtHdrFragment(id=random.randint(0, 65535))
+            / TCP(sport=sport, dport=dport)
+            / Raw(data)
+        )
 
         return fragment6(p, frag_size)
 
@@ -378,17 +407,15 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
             self.assert_ip_checksum_valid(p)
             buffer.seek(p[IP].frag * 8)
             buffer.write(bytes(p[IP].payload))
-        ip = IP(src=frags[0][IP].src, dst=frags[0][IP].dst,
-                proto=frags[0][IP].proto)
+        ip = IP(src=frags[0][IP].src, dst=frags[0][IP].dst, proto=frags[0][IP].proto)
         if ip.proto == IP_PROTOS.tcp:
-            p = (ip / TCP(buffer.getvalue()))
+            p = ip / TCP(buffer.getvalue())
             self.logger.debug(ppp("Reassembled:", p))
             self.assert_tcp_checksum_valid(p)
         elif ip.proto == IP_PROTOS.udp:
-            p = (ip / UDP(buffer.getvalue()[:8]) /
-                 Raw(buffer.getvalue()[8:]))
+            p = ip / UDP(buffer.getvalue()[:8]) / Raw(buffer.getvalue()[8:])
         elif ip.proto == IP_PROTOS.icmp:
-            p = (ip / ICMP(buffer.getvalue()))
+            p = ip / ICMP(buffer.getvalue())
         return p
 
     def reass_frags_and_verify_ip6(self, frags, src, dst):
@@ -407,12 +434,15 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(p[IPv6].dst, dst)
             buffer.seek(p[IPv6ExtHdrFragment].offset * 8)
             buffer.write(bytes(p[IPv6ExtHdrFragment].payload))
-        ip = IPv6(src=frags[0][IPv6].src, dst=frags[0][IPv6].dst,
-                  nh=frags[0][IPv6ExtHdrFragment].nh)
+        ip = IPv6(
+            src=frags[0][IPv6].src,
+            dst=frags[0][IPv6].dst,
+            nh=frags[0][IPv6ExtHdrFragment].nh,
+        )
         if ip.nh == IP_PROTOS.tcp:
-            p = (ip / TCP(buffer.getvalue()))
+            p = ip / TCP(buffer.getvalue())
         elif ip.nh == IP_PROTOS.udp:
-            p = (ip / UDP(buffer.getvalue()))
+            p = ip / UDP(buffer.getvalue())
         self.logger.debug(ppp("Reassembled:", p))
         self.assert_packet_checksums_valid(p)
         return p
@@ -461,8 +491,7 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
         # postNAPTSourceTransportPort
         self.assertEqual(struct.pack("!H", self.tcp_port_out), record[227])
 
-    def verify_ipfix_nat64_ses(self, data, is_create, src_addr, dst_addr,
-                               dst_port):
+    def verify_ipfix_nat64_ses(self, data, is_create, src_addr, dst_addr, dst_port):
         """
         Verify IPFIX NAT64 session create and delete events
 
@@ -482,16 +511,16 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
         # sourceIPv6Address
         self.assertEqual(src_addr, str(ipaddress.IPv6Address(record[27])))
         # destinationIPv6Address
-        self.assertEqual(socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET6,
-                                          self.compose_ip6(dst_addr,
-                                                           '64:ff9b::',
-                                                           96)),
-                         record[28])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            socket.inet_pton(
+                socket.AF_INET6, self.compose_ip6(dst_addr, "64:ff9b::", 96)
+            ),
+            record[28],
+        )
         # postNATSourceIPv4Address
         self.assertEqual(self.nat_addr_n, record[225])
         # postNATDestinationIPv4Address
-        self.assertEqual(socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET, dst_addr),
-                         record[226])
+        self.assertEqual(socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET, dst_addr), record[226])
         # protocolIdentifier
         self.assertEqual(IP_PROTOS.tcp, scapy.compat.orb(record[4]))
         # ingressVRFID
@@ -506,7 +535,7 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(struct.pack("!H", dst_port), record[228])
 
     def verify_syslog_sess(self, data, is_add=True, is_ip6=False):
-        message = data.decode('utf-8')
+        message = data.decode("utf-8")
         try:
             message = SyslogMessage.parse(message)
         except ParseError as e:
@@ -514,26 +543,25 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
             raise
         else:
             self.assertEqual(message.severity, SyslogSeverity.info)
-            self.assertEqual(message.appname, 'NAT')
-            self.assertEqual(message.msgid, 'SADD' if is_add else 'SDEL')
-            sd_params = message.sd.get('nsess')
+            self.assertEqual(message.appname, "NAT")
+            self.assertEqual(message.msgid, "SADD" if is_add else "SDEL")
+            sd_params = message.sd.get("nsess")
             self.assertTrue(sd_params is not None)
             if is_ip6:
-                self.assertEqual(sd_params.get('IATYP'), 'IPv6')
-                self.assertEqual(sd_params.get('ISADDR'), self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+                self.assertEqual(sd_params.get("IATYP"), "IPv6")
+                self.assertEqual(sd_params.get("ISADDR"), self.pg0.remote_ip6)
             else:
-                self.assertEqual(sd_params.get('IATYP'), 'IPv4')
-                self.assertEqual(sd_params.get('ISADDR'), self.pg0.remote_ip4)
-                self.assertTrue(sd_params.get('SSUBIX') is not None)
-            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get('ISPORT'), "%d" % self.tcp_port_in)
-            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get('XATYP'), 'IPv4')
-            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get('XSADDR'), self.nat_addr)
-            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get('XSPORT'), "%d" % self.tcp_port_out)
-            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get('PROTO'), "%d" % IP_PROTOS.tcp)
-            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get('SVLAN'), '0')
-            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get('XDADDR'), self.pg1.remote_ip4)
-            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get('XDPORT'),
-                             "%d" % self.tcp_external_port)
+                self.assertEqual(sd_params.get("IATYP"), "IPv4")
+                self.assertEqual(sd_params.get("ISADDR"), self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+                self.assertTrue(sd_params.get("SSUBIX") is not None)
+            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get("ISPORT"), "%d" % self.tcp_port_in)
+            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get("XATYP"), "IPv4")
+            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get("XSADDR"), self.nat_addr)
+            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get("XSPORT"), "%d" % self.tcp_port_out)
+            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get("PROTO"), "%d" % IP_PROTOS.tcp)
+            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get("SVLAN"), "0")
+            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get("XDADDR"), self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            self.assertEqual(sd_params.get("XDPORT"), "%d" % self.tcp_external_port)
 
     def compose_ip6(self, ip4, pref, plen):
         """
@@ -576,7 +604,7 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
             pref_n[13] = ip4_n[1]
             pref_n[14] = ip4_n[2]
             pref_n[15] = ip4_n[3]
-        packed_pref_n = b''.join([scapy.compat.chb(x) for x in pref_n])
+        packed_pref_n = b"".join([scapy.compat.chb(x) for x in pref_n])
         return socket.inet_ntop(socket.AF_INET6, packed_pref_n)
 
     def verify_ipfix_max_sessions(self, data, limit):
@@ -596,16 +624,19 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(struct.pack("I", limit), record[471])
 
     def test_nat64_inside_interface_handles_neighbor_advertisement(self):
-        """ NAT64 inside interface handles Neighbor Advertisement """
+        """NAT64 inside interface handles Neighbor Advertisement"""
 
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_INSIDE
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(is_add=1, flags=flags,
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg5.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(
+            is_add=1, flags=flags, sw_if_index=self.pg5.sw_if_index
+        )
 
         # Try to send ping
-        ping = (Ether(dst=self.pg5.local_mac, src=self.pg5.remote_mac) /
-                IPv6(src=self.pg5.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg5.local_ip6) /
-                ICMPv6EchoRequest())
+        ping = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg5.local_mac, src=self.pg5.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg5.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg5.local_ip6)
+            / ICMPv6EchoRequest()
+        )
         pkts = [ping]
         self.pg5.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -623,10 +654,12 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
             raise
 
         # Send Neighbor Advertisement
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg5.local_mac, src=self.pg5.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.pg5.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg5.local_ip6) /
-             ICMPv6ND_NA(tgt=tgt) /
-             ICMPv6NDOptDstLLAddr(lladdr=self.pg5.remote_mac))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg5.local_mac, src=self.pg5.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg5.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg5.local_ip6)
+            / ICMPv6ND_NA(tgt=tgt)
+            / ICMPv6NDOptDstLLAddr(lladdr=self.pg5.remote_mac)
+        )
         pkts = [p]
         self.pg5.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -650,31 +683,33 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
             raise
 
     def test_pool(self):
-        """ Add/delete address to NAT64 pool """
-        nat_addr = '1.2.3.4'
+        """Add/delete address to NAT64 pool"""
+        nat_addr = "1.2.3.4"
 
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(start_addr=nat_addr,
-                                                end_addr=nat_addr,
-                                                vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF, is_add=1)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(
+            start_addr=nat_addr, end_addr=nat_addr, vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF, is_add=1
+        )
 
         addresses = self.vapi.nat64_pool_addr_dump()
         self.assertEqual(len(addresses), 1)
         self.assertEqual(str(addresses[0].address), nat_addr)
 
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(start_addr=nat_addr,
-                                                end_addr=nat_addr,
-                                                vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF, is_add=0)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(
+            start_addr=nat_addr, end_addr=nat_addr, vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF, is_add=0
+        )
 
         addresses = self.vapi.nat64_pool_addr_dump()
         self.assertEqual(len(addresses), 0)
 
     def test_interface(self):
-        """ Enable/disable NAT64 feature on the interface """
+        """Enable/disable NAT64 feature on the interface"""
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_INSIDE
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(is_add=1, flags=flags,
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index)
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(is_add=1, flags=0,
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(
+            is_add=1, flags=flags, sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index
+        )
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(
+            is_add=1, flags=0, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index
+        )
 
         interfaces = self.vapi.nat64_interface_dump()
         self.assertEqual(len(interfaces), 2)
@@ -691,29 +726,37 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
         self.assertTrue(pg1_found)
 
         features = self.vapi.cli("show interface features pg0")
-        self.assertIn('nat64-in2out', features)
+        self.assertIn("nat64-in2out", features)
         features = self.vapi.cli("show interface features pg1")
-        self.assertIn('nat64-out2in', features)
+        self.assertIn("nat64-out2in", features)
 
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(is_add=0, flags=flags,
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index)
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(is_add=0, flags=flags,
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(
+            is_add=0, flags=flags, sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index
+        )
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(
+            is_add=0, flags=flags, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index
+        )
 
         interfaces = self.vapi.nat64_interface_dump()
         self.assertEqual(len(interfaces), 0)
 
     def test_static_bib(self):
-        """ Add/delete static BIB entry """
-        in_addr = '2001:db8:85a3::8a2e:370:7334'
-        out_addr = '10.1.1.3'
+        """Add/delete static BIB entry"""
+        in_addr = "2001:db8:85a3::8a2e:370:7334"
+        out_addr = "10.1.1.3"
         in_port = 1234
         out_port = 5678
         proto = IP_PROTOS.tcp
 
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_static_bib(i_addr=in_addr, o_addr=out_addr,
-                                           i_port=in_port, o_port=out_port,
-                                           proto=proto, vrf_id=0, is_add=1)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_static_bib(
+            i_addr=in_addr,
+            o_addr=out_addr,
+            i_port=in_port,
+            o_port=out_port,
+            proto=proto,
+            vrf_id=0,
+            is_add=1,
+        )
         bib = self.vapi.nat64_bib_dump(proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp)
         static_bib_num = 0
         for bibe in bib:
@@ -724,23 +767,29 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
                 self.assertEqual(bibe.i_port, in_port)
                 self.assertEqual(bibe.o_port, out_port)
         self.assertEqual(static_bib_num, 1)
-        bibs = self.statistics.get_counter('/nat64/total-bibs')
+        bibs = self.statistics.get_counter("/nat64/total-bibs")
         self.assertEqual(bibs[0][0], 1)
 
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_static_bib(i_addr=in_addr, o_addr=out_addr,
-                                           i_port=in_port, o_port=out_port,
-                                           proto=proto, vrf_id=0, is_add=0)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_static_bib(
+            i_addr=in_addr,
+            o_addr=out_addr,
+            i_port=in_port,
+            o_port=out_port,
+            proto=proto,
+            vrf_id=0,
+            is_add=0,
+        )
         bib = self.vapi.nat64_bib_dump(proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp)
         static_bib_num = 0
         for bibe in bib:
             if bibe.flags & self.config_flags.NAT_IS_STATIC:
                 static_bib_num += 1
         self.assertEqual(static_bib_num, 0)
-        bibs = self.statistics.get_counter('/nat64/total-bibs')
+        bibs = self.statistics.get_counter("/nat64/total-bibs")
         self.assertEqual(bibs[0][0], 0)
 
     def test_set_timeouts(self):
-        """ Set NAT64 timeouts """
+        """Set NAT64 timeouts"""
         # verify default values
         timeouts = self.vapi.nat64_get_timeouts()
         self.assertEqual(timeouts.udp, 300)
@@ -749,8 +798,9 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(timeouts.tcp_established, 7440)
 
         # set and verify custom values
-        self.vapi.nat64_set_timeouts(udp=200, tcp_established=7450,
-                                     tcp_transitory=250, icmp=30)
+        self.vapi.nat64_set_timeouts(
+            udp=200, tcp_established=7450, tcp_transitory=250, icmp=30
+        )
         timeouts = self.vapi.nat64_get_timeouts()
         self.assertEqual(timeouts.udp, 200)
         self.assertEqual(timeouts.icmp, 30)
@@ -758,74 +808,79 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(timeouts.tcp_established, 7450)
 
     def test_dynamic(self):
-        """ NAT64 dynamic translation test """
+        """NAT64 dynamic translation test"""
         self.tcp_port_in = 6303
         self.udp_port_in = 6304
         self.icmp_id_in = 6305
 
         ses_num_start = self.nat64_get_ses_num()
 
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(start_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                                                end_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                                                vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF,
-                                                is_add=1)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(
+            start_addr=self.nat_addr,
+            end_addr=self.nat_addr,
+            vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF,
+            is_add=1,
+        )
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_INSIDE
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(is_add=1, flags=flags,
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index)
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(is_add=1, flags=0,
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(
+            is_add=1, flags=flags, sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index
+        )
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(
+            is_add=1, flags=0, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index
+        )
 
         # in2out
-        tcpn = self.statistics.get_counter('/nat64/in2out/tcp')[0]
-        udpn = self.statistics.get_counter('/nat64/in2out/udp')[0]
-        icmpn = self.statistics.get_counter('/nat64/in2out/icmp')[0]
-        drops = self.statistics.get_counter('/nat64/in2out/drops')[0]
+        tcpn = self.statistics.get_counter("/nat64/in2out/tcp")[0]
+        udpn = self.statistics.get_counter("/nat64/in2out/udp")[0]
+        icmpn = self.statistics.get_counter("/nat64/in2out/icmp")[0]
+        drops = self.statistics.get_counter("/nat64/in2out/drops")[0]
 
         pkts = self.create_stream_in_ip6(self.pg0, self.pg1)
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
         capture = self.pg1.get_capture(len(pkts))
-        self.verify_capture_out(capture, nat_ip=self.nat_addr,
-                                dst_ip=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+        self.verify_capture_out(
+            capture, nat_ip=self.nat_addr, dst_ip=self.pg1.remote_ip4
+        )
 
         if_idx = self.pg0.sw_if_index
-        cnt = self.statistics.get_counter('/nat64/in2out/tcp')[0]
+        cnt = self.statistics.get_counter("/nat64/in2out/tcp")[0]
         self.assertEqual(cnt[if_idx] - tcpn[if_idx], 1)
-        cnt = self.statistics.get_counter('/nat64/in2out/udp')[0]
+        cnt = self.statistics.get_counter("/nat64/in2out/udp")[0]
         self.assertEqual(cnt[if_idx] - udpn[if_idx], 1)
-        cnt = self.statistics.get_counter('/nat64/in2out/icmp')[0]
+        cnt = self.statistics.get_counter("/nat64/in2out/icmp")[0]
         self.assertEqual(cnt[if_idx] - icmpn[if_idx], 1)
-        cnt = self.statistics.get_counter('/nat64/in2out/drops')[0]
+        cnt = self.statistics.get_counter("/nat64/in2out/drops")[0]
         self.assertEqual(cnt[if_idx] - drops[if_idx], 0)
 
         # out2in
-        tcpn = self.statistics.get_counter('/nat64/out2in/tcp')[0]
-        udpn = self.statistics.get_counter('/nat64/out2in/udp')[0]
-        icmpn = self.statistics.get_counter('/nat64/out2in/icmp')[0]
-        drops = self.statistics.get_counter('/nat64/out2in/drops')[0]
+        tcpn = self.statistics.get_counter("/nat64/out2in/tcp")[0]
+        udpn = self.statistics.get_counter("/nat64/out2in/udp")[0]
+        icmpn = self.statistics.get_counter("/nat64/out2in/icmp")[0]
+        drops = self.statistics.get_counter("/nat64/out2in/drops")[0]
 
         pkts = self.create_stream_out(self.pg1, dst_ip=self.nat_addr)
         self.pg1.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
         capture = self.pg0.get_capture(len(pkts))
-        ip = IPv6(src=''.join(['64:ff9b::', self.pg1.remote_ip4]))
+        ip = IPv6(src="".join(["64:ff9b::", self.pg1.remote_ip4]))
         self.verify_capture_in_ip6(capture, ip[IPv6].src, self.pg0.remote_ip6)
 
         if_idx = self.pg1.sw_if_index
-        cnt = self.statistics.get_counter('/nat64/out2in/tcp')[0]
+        cnt = self.statistics.get_counter("/nat64/out2in/tcp")[0]
         self.assertEqual(cnt[if_idx] - tcpn[if_idx], 2)
-        cnt = self.statistics.get_counter('/nat64/out2in/udp')[0]
+        cnt = self.statistics.get_counter("/nat64/out2in/udp")[0]
         self.assertEqual(cnt[if_idx] - udpn[if_idx], 1)
-        cnt = self.statistics.get_counter('/nat64/out2in/icmp')[0]
+        cnt = self.statistics.get_counter("/nat64/out2in/icmp")[0]
         self.assertEqual(cnt[if_idx] - icmpn[if_idx], 1)
-        cnt = self.statistics.get_counter('/nat64/out2in/drops')[0]
+        cnt = self.statistics.get_counter("/nat64/out2in/drops")[0]
         self.assertEqual(cnt[if_idx] - drops[if_idx], 0)
 
-        bibs = self.statistics.get_counter('/nat64/total-bibs')
+        bibs = self.statistics.get_counter("/nat64/total-bibs")
         self.assertEqual(bibs[0][0], 3)
-        sessions = self.statistics.get_counter('/nat64/total-sessions')
+        sessions = self.statistics.get_counter("/nat64/total-sessions")
         self.assertEqual(sessions[0][0], 3)
 
         # in2out
@@ -834,8 +889,9 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
         capture = self.pg1.get_capture(len(pkts))
-        self.verify_capture_out(capture, nat_ip=self.nat_addr,
-                                dst_ip=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+        self.verify_capture_out(
+            capture, nat_ip=self.nat_addr, dst_ip=self.pg1.remote_ip4
+        )
 
         # out2in
         pkts = self.create_stream_out(self.pg1, dst_ip=self.nat_addr)
@@ -850,20 +906,25 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(ses_num_end - ses_num_start, 3)
 
         # tenant with specific VRF
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(start_addr=self.vrf1_nat_addr,
-                                                end_addr=self.vrf1_nat_addr,
-                                                vrf_id=self.vrf1_id, is_add=1)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(
+            start_addr=self.vrf1_nat_addr,
+            end_addr=self.vrf1_nat_addr,
+            vrf_id=self.vrf1_id,
+            is_add=1,
+        )
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_INSIDE
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(is_add=1, flags=flags,
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg2.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(
+            is_add=1, flags=flags, sw_if_index=self.pg2.sw_if_index
+        )
 
         pkts = self.create_stream_in_ip6(self.pg2, self.pg1)
         self.pg2.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
         capture = self.pg1.get_capture(len(pkts))
-        self.verify_capture_out(capture, nat_ip=self.vrf1_nat_addr,
-                                dst_ip=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+        self.verify_capture_out(
+            capture, nat_ip=self.vrf1_nat_addr, dst_ip=self.pg1.remote_ip4
+        )
 
         pkts = self.create_stream_out(self.pg1, dst_ip=self.vrf1_nat_addr)
         self.pg1.add_stream(pkts)
@@ -873,7 +934,7 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
         self.verify_capture_in_ip6(capture, ip[IPv6].src, self.pg2.remote_ip6)
 
     def test_static(self):
-        """ NAT64 static translation test """
+        """NAT64 static translation test"""
         self.tcp_port_in = 60303
         self.udp_port_in = 60304
         self.icmp_id_in = 60305
@@ -883,34 +944,47 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
 
         ses_num_start = self.nat64_get_ses_num()
 
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(start_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                                                end_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                                                vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF,
-                                                is_add=1)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(
+            start_addr=self.nat_addr,
+            end_addr=self.nat_addr,
+            vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF,
+            is_add=1,
+        )
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_INSIDE
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(is_add=1, flags=flags,
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index)
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(is_add=1, flags=0,
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(
+            is_add=1, flags=flags, sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index
+        )
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(
+            is_add=1, flags=0, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index
+        )
 
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_static_bib(i_addr=self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                                           o_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                                           i_port=self.tcp_port_in,
-                                           o_port=self.tcp_port_out,
-                                           proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp, vrf_id=0,
-                                           is_add=1)
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_static_bib(i_addr=self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                                           o_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                                           i_port=self.udp_port_in,
-                                           o_port=self.udp_port_out,
-                                           proto=IP_PROTOS.udp, vrf_id=0,
-                                           is_add=1)
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_static_bib(i_addr=self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                                           o_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                                           i_port=self.icmp_id_in,
-                                           o_port=self.icmp_id_out,
-                                           proto=IP_PROTOS.icmp, vrf_id=0,
-                                           is_add=1)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_static_bib(
+            i_addr=self.pg0.remote_ip6,
+            o_addr=self.nat_addr,
+            i_port=self.tcp_port_in,
+            o_port=self.tcp_port_out,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
+            vrf_id=0,
+            is_add=1,
+        )
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_static_bib(
+            i_addr=self.pg0.remote_ip6,
+            o_addr=self.nat_addr,
+            i_port=self.udp_port_in,
+            o_port=self.udp_port_out,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.udp,
+            vrf_id=0,
+            is_add=1,
+        )
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_static_bib(
+            i_addr=self.pg0.remote_ip6,
+            o_addr=self.nat_addr,
+            i_port=self.icmp_id_in,
+            o_port=self.icmp_id_out,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.icmp,
+            vrf_id=0,
+            is_add=1,
+        )
 
         # in2out
         pkts = self.create_stream_in_ip6(self.pg0, self.pg1)
@@ -918,8 +992,9 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
         capture = self.pg1.get_capture(len(pkts))
-        self.verify_capture_out(capture, nat_ip=self.nat_addr,
-                                dst_ip=self.pg1.remote_ip4, same_port=True)
+        self.verify_capture_out(
+            capture, nat_ip=self.nat_addr, dst_ip=self.pg1.remote_ip4, same_port=True
+        )
 
         # out2in
         pkts = self.create_stream_out(self.pg1, dst_ip=self.nat_addr)
@@ -927,7 +1002,7 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
         capture = self.pg0.get_capture(len(pkts))
-        ip = IPv6(src=''.join(['64:ff9b::', self.pg1.remote_ip4]))
+        ip = IPv6(src="".join(["64:ff9b::", self.pg1.remote_ip4]))
         self.verify_capture_in_ip6(capture, ip[IPv6].src, self.pg0.remote_ip6)
 
         ses_num_end = self.nat64_get_ses_num()
@@ -935,20 +1010,24 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(ses_num_end - ses_num_start, 3)
 
     def test_session_timeout(self):
-        """ NAT64 session timeout """
+        """NAT64 session timeout"""
         self.icmp_id_in = 1234
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(start_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                                                end_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                                                vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF,
-                                                is_add=1)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(
+            start_addr=self.nat_addr,
+            end_addr=self.nat_addr,
+            vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF,
+            is_add=1,
+        )
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_INSIDE
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(is_add=1, flags=flags,
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index)
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(is_add=1, flags=0,
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index)
-        self.vapi.nat64_set_timeouts(udp=300, tcp_established=5,
-                                     tcp_transitory=5,
-                                     icmp=5)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(
+            is_add=1, flags=flags, sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index
+        )
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(
+            is_add=1, flags=0, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index
+        )
+        self.vapi.nat64_set_timeouts(
+            udp=300, tcp_established=5, tcp_transitory=5, icmp=5
+        )
 
         pkts = self.create_stream_in_ip6(self.pg0, self.pg1)
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
@@ -965,20 +1044,24 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(ses_num_before_timeout - ses_num_after_timeout, 2)
 
     def test_icmp_error(self):
-        """ NAT64 ICMP Error message translation """
+        """NAT64 ICMP Error message translation"""
         self.tcp_port_in = 6303
         self.udp_port_in = 6304
         self.icmp_id_in = 6305
 
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(start_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                                                end_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                                                vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF,
-                                                is_add=1)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(
+            start_addr=self.nat_addr,
+            end_addr=self.nat_addr,
+            vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF,
+            is_add=1,
+        )
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_INSIDE
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(is_add=1, flags=flags,
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index)
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(is_add=1, flags=0,
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(
+            is_add=1, flags=flags, sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index
+        )
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(
+            is_add=1, flags=0, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index
+        )
 
         # send some packets to create sessions
         pkts = self.create_stream_in_ip6(self.pg0, self.pg1)
@@ -986,24 +1069,26 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
         capture_ip4 = self.pg1.get_capture(len(pkts))
-        self.verify_capture_out(capture_ip4,
-                                nat_ip=self.nat_addr,
-                                dst_ip=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+        self.verify_capture_out(
+            capture_ip4, nat_ip=self.nat_addr, dst_ip=self.pg1.remote_ip4
+        )
 
         pkts = self.create_stream_out(self.pg1, dst_ip=self.nat_addr)
         self.pg1.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
         capture_ip6 = self.pg0.get_capture(len(pkts))
-        ip = IPv6(src=''.join(['64:ff9b::', self.pg1.remote_ip4]))
-        self.verify_capture_in_ip6(capture_ip6, ip[IPv6].src,
-                                   self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+        ip = IPv6(src="".join(["64:ff9b::", self.pg1.remote_ip4]))
+        self.verify_capture_in_ip6(capture_ip6, ip[IPv6].src, self.pg0.remote_ip6)
 
         # in2out
-        pkts = [Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=ip[IPv6].src) /
-                ICMPv6DestUnreach(code=1) /
-                packet[IPv6] for packet in capture_ip6]
+        pkts = [
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=ip[IPv6].src)
+            / ICMPv6DestUnreach(code=1)
+            / packet[IPv6]
+            for packet in capture_ip6
+        ]
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1029,10 +1114,13 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
                 raise
 
         # out2in
-        pkts = [Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-                IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-                ICMP(type=3, code=13) /
-                packet[IP] for packet in capture_ip4]
+        pkts = [
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / ICMP(type=3, code=13)
+            / packet[IP]
+            for packet in capture_ip4
+        ]
         self.pg1.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1052,14 +1140,13 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
                 elif inner.haslayer(UDPerror):
                     self.assertEqual(inner[UDPerror].sport, self.udp_port_in)
                 else:
-                    self.assertEqual(inner[ICMPv6EchoRequest].id,
-                                     self.icmp_id_in)
+                    self.assertEqual(inner[ICMPv6EchoRequest].id, self.icmp_id_in)
             except:
                 self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:", packet))
                 raise
 
     def test_hairpinning(self):
-        """ NAT64 hairpinning """
+        """NAT64 hairpinning"""
 
         client = self.pg0.remote_hosts[0]
         server = self.pg0.remote_hosts[1]
@@ -1071,41 +1158,55 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
         client_udp_in_port = 1235
         client_tcp_out_port = 0
         client_udp_out_port = 0
-        ip = IPv6(src=''.join(['64:ff9b::', self.nat_addr]))
+        ip = IPv6(src="".join(["64:ff9b::", self.nat_addr]))
         nat_addr_ip6 = ip.src
 
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(start_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                                                end_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                                                vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF,
-                                                is_add=1)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(
+            start_addr=self.nat_addr,
+            end_addr=self.nat_addr,
+            vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF,
+            is_add=1,
+        )
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_INSIDE
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(is_add=1, flags=flags,
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index)
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(is_add=1, flags=0,
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(
+            is_add=1, flags=flags, sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index
+        )
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(
+            is_add=1, flags=0, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index
+        )
 
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_static_bib(i_addr=server.ip6n,
-                                           o_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                                           i_port=server_tcp_in_port,
-                                           o_port=server_tcp_out_port,
-                                           proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp, vrf_id=0,
-                                           is_add=1)
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_static_bib(i_addr=server.ip6n,
-                                           o_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                                           i_port=server_udp_in_port,
-                                           o_port=server_udp_out_port,
-                                           proto=IP_PROTOS.udp, vrf_id=0,
-                                           is_add=1)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_static_bib(
+            i_addr=server.ip6n,
+            o_addr=self.nat_addr,
+            i_port=server_tcp_in_port,
+            o_port=server_tcp_out_port,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
+            vrf_id=0,
+            is_add=1,
+        )
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_static_bib(
+            i_addr=server.ip6n,
+            o_addr=self.nat_addr,
+            i_port=server_udp_in_port,
+            o_port=server_udp_out_port,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.udp,
+            vrf_id=0,
+            is_add=1,
+        )
 
         # client to server
         pkts = []
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=client.ip6, dst=nat_addr_ip6) /
-             TCP(sport=client_tcp_in_port, dport=server_tcp_out_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=client.ip6, dst=nat_addr_ip6)
+            / TCP(sport=client_tcp_in_port, dport=server_tcp_out_port)
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=client.ip6, dst=nat_addr_ip6) /
-             UDP(sport=client_udp_in_port, dport=server_udp_out_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=client.ip6, dst=nat_addr_ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=client_udp_in_port, dport=server_udp_out_port)
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -1130,13 +1231,17 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
 
         # server to client
         pkts = []
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=server.ip6, dst=nat_addr_ip6) /
-             TCP(sport=server_tcp_in_port, dport=client_tcp_out_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=server.ip6, dst=nat_addr_ip6)
+            / TCP(sport=server_tcp_in_port, dport=client_tcp_out_port)
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=server.ip6, dst=nat_addr_ip6) /
-             UDP(sport=server_udp_in_port, dport=client_udp_out_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=server.ip6, dst=nat_addr_ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=server_udp_in_port, dport=client_udp_out_port)
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -1159,10 +1264,13 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
 
         # ICMP error
         pkts = []
-        pkts = [Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                IPv6(src=client.ip6, dst=nat_addr_ip6) /
-                ICMPv6DestUnreach(code=1) /
-                packet[IPv6] for packet in capture]
+        pkts = [
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=client.ip6, dst=nat_addr_ip6)
+            / ICMPv6DestUnreach(code=1)
+            / packet[IPv6]
+            for packet in capture
+        ]
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1179,40 +1287,45 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
                 self.assert_packet_checksums_valid(packet)
                 if inner.haslayer(TCPerror):
                     self.assertEqual(inner[TCPerror].sport, server_tcp_in_port)
-                    self.assertEqual(inner[TCPerror].dport,
-                                     client_tcp_out_port)
+                    self.assertEqual(inner[TCPerror].dport, client_tcp_out_port)
                 else:
                     self.assertEqual(inner[UDPerror].sport, server_udp_in_port)
-                    self.assertEqual(inner[UDPerror].dport,
-                                     client_udp_out_port)
+                    self.assertEqual(inner[UDPerror].dport, client_udp_out_port)
             except:
                 self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:", packet))
                 raise
 
     def test_prefix(self):
-        """ NAT64 Network-Specific Prefix """
+        """NAT64 Network-Specific Prefix"""
 
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(start_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                                                end_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                                                vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF,
-                                                is_add=1)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(
+            start_addr=self.nat_addr,
+            end_addr=self.nat_addr,
+            vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF,
+            is_add=1,
+        )
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_INSIDE
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(is_add=1, flags=flags,
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index)
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(is_add=1, flags=0,
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index)
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(start_addr=self.vrf1_nat_addr,
-                                                end_addr=self.vrf1_nat_addr,
-                                                vrf_id=self.vrf1_id, is_add=1)
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(is_add=1, flags=flags,
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg2.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(
+            is_add=1, flags=flags, sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index
+        )
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(
+            is_add=1, flags=0, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index
+        )
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(
+            start_addr=self.vrf1_nat_addr,
+            end_addr=self.vrf1_nat_addr,
+            vrf_id=self.vrf1_id,
+            is_add=1,
+        )
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(
+            is_add=1, flags=flags, sw_if_index=self.pg2.sw_if_index
+        )
 
         # Add global prefix
         global_pref64 = "2001:db8::"
         global_pref64_len = 32
         global_pref64_str = "{}/{}".format(global_pref64, global_pref64_len)
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_prefix(prefix=global_pref64_str, vrf_id=0,
-                                       is_add=1)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_prefix(prefix=global_pref64_str, vrf_id=0, is_add=1)
 
         prefix = self.vapi.nat64_prefix_dump()
         self.assertEqual(len(prefix), 1)
@@ -1223,84 +1336,89 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
         vrf1_pref64 = "2001:db8:122:300::"
         vrf1_pref64_len = 56
         vrf1_pref64_str = "{}/{}".format(vrf1_pref64, vrf1_pref64_len)
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_prefix(prefix=vrf1_pref64_str,
-                                       vrf_id=self.vrf1_id, is_add=1)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_prefix(
+            prefix=vrf1_pref64_str, vrf_id=self.vrf1_id, is_add=1
+        )
 
         prefix = self.vapi.nat64_prefix_dump()
         self.assertEqual(len(prefix), 2)
 
         # Global prefix
-        pkts = self.create_stream_in_ip6(self.pg0,
-                                         self.pg1,
-                                         pref=global_pref64,
-                                         plen=global_pref64_len)
+        pkts = self.create_stream_in_ip6(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1, pref=global_pref64, plen=global_pref64_len
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
         capture = self.pg1.get_capture(len(pkts))
-        self.verify_capture_out(capture, nat_ip=self.nat_addr,
-                                dst_ip=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+        self.verify_capture_out(
+            capture, nat_ip=self.nat_addr, dst_ip=self.pg1.remote_ip4
+        )
 
         pkts = self.create_stream_out(self.pg1, dst_ip=self.nat_addr)
         self.pg1.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
         capture = self.pg0.get_capture(len(pkts))
-        dst_ip = self.compose_ip6(self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                  global_pref64,
-                                  global_pref64_len)
+        dst_ip = self.compose_ip6(self.pg1.remote_ip4, global_pref64, global_pref64_len)
         self.verify_capture_in_ip6(capture, dst_ip, self.pg0.remote_ip6)
 
         # Tenant specific prefix
-        pkts = self.create_stream_in_ip6(self.pg2,
-                                         self.pg1,
-                                         pref=vrf1_pref64,
-                                         plen=vrf1_pref64_len)
+        pkts = self.create_stream_in_ip6(
+            self.pg2, self.pg1, pref=vrf1_pref64, plen=vrf1_pref64_len
+        )
         self.pg2.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
         capture = self.pg1.get_capture(len(pkts))
-        self.verify_capture_out(capture, nat_ip=self.vrf1_nat_addr,
-                                dst_ip=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+        self.verify_capture_out(
+            capture, nat_ip=self.vrf1_nat_addr, dst_ip=self.pg1.remote_ip4
+        )
 
         pkts = self.create_stream_out(self.pg1, dst_ip=self.vrf1_nat_addr)
         self.pg1.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
         capture = self.pg2.get_capture(len(pkts))
-        dst_ip = self.compose_ip6(self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                  vrf1_pref64,
-                                  vrf1_pref64_len)
+        dst_ip = self.compose_ip6(self.pg1.remote_ip4, vrf1_pref64, vrf1_pref64_len)
         self.verify_capture_in_ip6(capture, dst_ip, self.pg2.remote_ip6)
 
     def test_unknown_proto(self):
-        """ NAT64 translate packet with unknown protocol """
+        """NAT64 translate packet with unknown protocol"""
 
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(start_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                                                end_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                                                vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF,
-                                                is_add=1)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(
+            start_addr=self.nat_addr,
+            end_addr=self.nat_addr,
+            vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF,
+            is_add=1,
+        )
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_INSIDE
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(is_add=1, flags=flags,
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index)
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(is_add=1, flags=0,
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index)
-        remote_ip6 = self.compose_ip6(self.pg1.remote_ip4, '64:ff9b::', 96)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(
+            is_add=1, flags=flags, sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index
+        )
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(
+            is_add=1, flags=0, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index
+        )
+        remote_ip6 = self.compose_ip6(self.pg1.remote_ip4, "64:ff9b::", 96)
 
         # in2out
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=remote_ip6) /
-             TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=20))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=remote_ip6)
+            / TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=20)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
         p = self.pg1.get_capture(1)
 
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=remote_ip6, nh=47) /
-             GRE() /
-             IP(src=self.pg2.local_ip4, dst=self.pg2.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=remote_ip6, nh=47)
+            / GRE()
+            / IP(src=self.pg2.local_ip4, dst=self.pg2.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1316,11 +1434,13 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
             raise
 
         # out2in
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             GRE() /
-             IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg2.local_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / GRE()
+            / IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg2.local_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1335,7 +1455,7 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
             raise
 
     def test_hairpinning_unknown_proto(self):
-        """ NAT64 translate packet with unknown protocol - hairpinning """
+        """NAT64 translate packet with unknown protocol - hairpinning"""
 
         client = self.pg0.remote_hosts[0]
         server = self.pg0.remote_hosts[1]
@@ -1345,53 +1465,71 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
         client_tcp_out_port = 1235
         server_nat_ip = "10.0.0.100"
         client_nat_ip = "10.0.0.110"
-        server_nat_ip6 = self.compose_ip6(server_nat_ip, '64:ff9b::', 96)
-        client_nat_ip6 = self.compose_ip6(client_nat_ip, '64:ff9b::', 96)
+        server_nat_ip6 = self.compose_ip6(server_nat_ip, "64:ff9b::", 96)
+        client_nat_ip6 = self.compose_ip6(client_nat_ip, "64:ff9b::", 96)
 
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(start_addr=server_nat_ip,
-                                                end_addr=client_nat_ip,
-                                                vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF,
-                                                is_add=1)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(
+            start_addr=server_nat_ip,
+            end_addr=client_nat_ip,
+            vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF,
+            is_add=1,
+        )
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_INSIDE
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(is_add=1, flags=flags,
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index)
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(is_add=1, flags=0,
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(
+            is_add=1, flags=flags, sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index
+        )
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(
+            is_add=1, flags=0, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index
+        )
 
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_static_bib(i_addr=server.ip6n,
-                                           o_addr=server_nat_ip,
-                                           i_port=server_tcp_in_port,
-                                           o_port=server_tcp_out_port,
-                                           proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp, vrf_id=0,
-                                           is_add=1)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_static_bib(
+            i_addr=server.ip6n,
+            o_addr=server_nat_ip,
+            i_port=server_tcp_in_port,
+            o_port=server_tcp_out_port,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
+            vrf_id=0,
+            is_add=1,
+        )
 
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_static_bib(i_addr=server.ip6n,
-                                           o_addr=server_nat_ip, i_port=0,
-                                           o_port=0,
-                                           proto=IP_PROTOS.gre, vrf_id=0,
-                                           is_add=1)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_static_bib(
+            i_addr=server.ip6n,
+            o_addr=server_nat_ip,
+            i_port=0,
+            o_port=0,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.gre,
+            vrf_id=0,
+            is_add=1,
+        )
 
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_static_bib(i_addr=client.ip6n,
-                                           o_addr=client_nat_ip,
-                                           i_port=client_tcp_in_port,
-                                           o_port=client_tcp_out_port,
-                                           proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp, vrf_id=0,
-                                           is_add=1)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_static_bib(
+            i_addr=client.ip6n,
+            o_addr=client_nat_ip,
+            i_port=client_tcp_in_port,
+            o_port=client_tcp_out_port,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
+            vrf_id=0,
+            is_add=1,
+        )
 
         # client to server
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=client.ip6, dst=server_nat_ip6) /
-             TCP(sport=client_tcp_in_port, dport=server_tcp_out_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=client.ip6, dst=server_nat_ip6)
+            / TCP(sport=client_tcp_in_port, dport=server_tcp_out_port)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
         p = self.pg0.get_capture(1)
 
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=client.ip6, dst=server_nat_ip6, nh=IP_PROTOS.gre) /
-             GRE() /
-             IP(src=self.pg2.local_ip4, dst=self.pg2.remote_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=client.ip6, dst=server_nat_ip6, nh=IP_PROTOS.gre)
+            / GRE()
+            / IP(src=self.pg2.local_ip4, dst=self.pg2.remote_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1406,11 +1544,13 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
             raise
 
         # server to client
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=server.ip6, dst=client_nat_ip6, nh=IP_PROTOS.gre) /
-             GRE() /
-             IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg2.local_ip4) /
-             TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=server.ip6, dst=client_nat_ip6, nh=IP_PROTOS.gre)
+            / GRE()
+            / IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg2.local_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1425,26 +1565,30 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
             raise
 
     def test_one_armed_nat64(self):
-        """ One armed NAT64 """
+        """One armed NAT64"""
         external_port = 0
-        remote_host_ip6 = self.compose_ip6(self.pg3.remote_ip4,
-                                           '64:ff9b::',
-                                           96)
+        remote_host_ip6 = self.compose_ip6(self.pg3.remote_ip4, "64:ff9b::", 96)
 
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(start_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                                                end_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                                                vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF,
-                                                is_add=1)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(
+            start_addr=self.nat_addr,
+            end_addr=self.nat_addr,
+            vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF,
+            is_add=1,
+        )
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_INSIDE
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(is_add=1, flags=flags,
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg3.sw_if_index)
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(is_add=1, flags=0,
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg3.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(
+            is_add=1, flags=flags, sw_if_index=self.pg3.sw_if_index
+        )
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(
+            is_add=1, flags=0, sw_if_index=self.pg3.sw_if_index
+        )
 
         # in2out
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg3.remote_mac, dst=self.pg3.local_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.pg3.remote_ip6, dst=remote_host_ip6) /
-             TCP(sport=12345, dport=80))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg3.remote_mac, dst=self.pg3.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg3.remote_ip6, dst=remote_host_ip6)
+            / TCP(sport=12345, dport=80)
+        )
         self.pg3.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1464,9 +1608,11 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
             raise
 
         # out2in
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg3.remote_mac, dst=self.pg3.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg3.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP(sport=80, dport=external_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg3.remote_mac, dst=self.pg3.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg3.remote_ip4, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP(sport=80, dport=external_port)
+        )
         self.pg3.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1485,30 +1631,33 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
             raise
 
     def test_frag_in_order(self):
-        """ NAT64 translate fragments arriving in order """
+        """NAT64 translate fragments arriving in order"""
         self.tcp_port_in = random.randint(1025, 65535)
 
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(start_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                                                end_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                                                vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF,
-                                                is_add=1)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(
+            start_addr=self.nat_addr,
+            end_addr=self.nat_addr,
+            vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF,
+            is_add=1,
+        )
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_INSIDE
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(is_add=1, flags=flags,
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index)
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(is_add=1, flags=0,
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(
+            is_add=1, flags=flags, sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index
+        )
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(
+            is_add=1, flags=0, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index
+        )
 
         # in2out
-        data = b'a' * 200
-        pkts = self.create_stream_frag_ip6(self.pg0, self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                           self.tcp_port_in, 20, data)
+        data = b"a" * 200
+        pkts = self.create_stream_frag_ip6(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1.remote_ip4, self.tcp_port_in, 20, data
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
         frags = self.pg1.get_capture(len(pkts))
-        p = self.reass_frags_and_verify(frags,
-                                        self.nat_addr,
-                                        self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+        p = self.reass_frags_and_verify(frags, self.nat_addr, self.pg1.remote_ip4)
         self.assertEqual(p[TCP].dport, 20)
         self.assertNotEqual(p[TCP].sport, self.tcp_port_in)
         self.tcp_port_out = p[TCP].sport
@@ -1516,56 +1665,59 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
 
         # out2in
         data = b"A" * 4 + b"b" * 16 + b"C" * 3
-        pkts = self.create_stream_frag(self.pg1,
-                                       self.nat_addr,
-                                       20,
-                                       self.tcp_port_out,
-                                       data)
+        pkts = self.create_stream_frag(
+            self.pg1, self.nat_addr, 20, self.tcp_port_out, data
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
         frags = self.pg0.get_capture(len(pkts))
         self.logger.debug(ppc("Captured:", frags))
-        src = self.compose_ip6(self.pg1.remote_ip4, '64:ff9b::', 96)
+        src = self.compose_ip6(self.pg1.remote_ip4, "64:ff9b::", 96)
         p = self.reass_frags_and_verify_ip6(frags, src, self.pg0.remote_ip6)
         self.assertEqual(p[TCP].sport, 20)
         self.assertEqual(p[TCP].dport, self.tcp_port_in)
         self.assertEqual(data, p[Raw].load)
 
     def test_reass_hairpinning(self):
-        """ NAT64 fragments hairpinning """
-        data = b'a' * 200
+        """NAT64 fragments hairpinning"""
+        data = b"a" * 200
         server = self.pg0.remote_hosts[1]
         server_in_port = random.randint(1025, 65535)
         server_out_port = random.randint(1025, 65535)
         client_in_port = random.randint(1025, 65535)
-        ip = IPv6(src=''.join(['64:ff9b::', self.nat_addr]))
+        ip = IPv6(src="".join(["64:ff9b::", self.nat_addr]))
         nat_addr_ip6 = ip.src
 
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(start_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                                                end_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                                                vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF,
-                                                is_add=1)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(
+            start_addr=self.nat_addr,
+            end_addr=self.nat_addr,
+            vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF,
+            is_add=1,
+        )
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_INSIDE
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(is_add=1, flags=flags,
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index)
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(is_add=1, flags=0,
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(
+            is_add=1, flags=flags, sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index
+        )
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(
+            is_add=1, flags=0, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index
+        )
 
         # add static BIB entry for server
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_static_bib(i_addr=server.ip6n,
-                                           o_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                                           i_port=server_in_port,
-                                           o_port=server_out_port,
-                                           proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp, vrf_id=0,
-                                           is_add=1)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_static_bib(
+            i_addr=server.ip6n,
+            o_addr=self.nat_addr,
+            i_port=server_in_port,
+            o_port=server_out_port,
+            proto=IP_PROTOS.tcp,
+            vrf_id=0,
+            is_add=1,
+        )
 
         # send packet from host to server
-        pkts = self.create_stream_frag_ip6(self.pg0,
-                                           self.nat_addr,
-                                           client_in_port,
-                                           server_out_port,
-                                           data)
+        pkts = self.create_stream_frag_ip6(
+            self.pg0, self.nat_addr, client_in_port, server_out_port, data
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1577,31 +1729,34 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(data, p[Raw].load)
 
     def test_frag_out_of_order(self):
-        """ NAT64 translate fragments arriving out of order """
+        """NAT64 translate fragments arriving out of order"""
         self.tcp_port_in = random.randint(1025, 65535)
 
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(start_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                                                end_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                                                vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF,
-                                                is_add=1)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(
+            start_addr=self.nat_addr,
+            end_addr=self.nat_addr,
+            vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF,
+            is_add=1,
+        )
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_INSIDE
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(is_add=1, flags=flags,
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index)
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(is_add=1, flags=0,
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(
+            is_add=1, flags=flags, sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index
+        )
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(
+            is_add=1, flags=0, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index
+        )
 
         # in2out
-        data = b'a' * 200
-        pkts = self.create_stream_frag_ip6(self.pg0, self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                           self.tcp_port_in, 20, data)
+        data = b"a" * 200
+        pkts = self.create_stream_frag_ip6(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1.remote_ip4, self.tcp_port_in, 20, data
+        )
         pkts.reverse()
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
         frags = self.pg1.get_capture(len(pkts))
-        p = self.reass_frags_and_verify(frags,
-                                        self.nat_addr,
-                                        self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+        p = self.reass_frags_and_verify(frags, self.nat_addr, self.pg1.remote_ip4)
         self.assertEqual(p[TCP].dport, 20)
         self.assertNotEqual(p[TCP].sport, self.tcp_port_in)
         self.tcp_port_out = p[TCP].sport
@@ -1609,27 +1764,25 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
 
         # out2in
         data = b"A" * 4 + b"B" * 16 + b"C" * 3
-        pkts = self.create_stream_frag(self.pg1,
-                                       self.nat_addr,
-                                       20,
-                                       self.tcp_port_out,
-                                       data)
+        pkts = self.create_stream_frag(
+            self.pg1, self.nat_addr, 20, self.tcp_port_out, data
+        )
         pkts.reverse()
         self.pg1.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
         frags = self.pg0.get_capture(len(pkts))
-        src = self.compose_ip6(self.pg1.remote_ip4, '64:ff9b::', 96)
+        src = self.compose_ip6(self.pg1.remote_ip4, "64:ff9b::", 96)
         p = self.reass_frags_and_verify_ip6(frags, src, self.pg0.remote_ip6)
         self.assertEqual(p[TCP].sport, 20)
         self.assertEqual(p[TCP].dport, self.tcp_port_in)
         self.assertEqual(data, p[Raw].load)
 
     def test_interface_addr(self):
-        """ Acquire NAT64 pool addresses from interface """
+        """Acquire NAT64 pool addresses from interface"""
         self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface_addr(
-            is_add=1,
-            sw_if_index=self.pg4.sw_if_index)
+            is_add=1, sw_if_index=self.pg4.sw_if_index
+        )
 
         # no address in NAT64 pool
         addresses = self.vapi.nat44_address_dump()
@@ -1640,8 +1793,7 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
         addresses = self.vapi.nat64_pool_addr_dump()
         self.assertEqual(len(addresses), 1)
 
-        self.assertEqual(str(addresses[0].address),
-                         self.pg4.local_ip4)
+        self.assertEqual(str(addresses[0].address), self.pg4.local_ip4)
 
         # remove interface address and check NAT64 address pool
         self.pg4.unconfig_ip4()
@@ -1650,51 +1802,61 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
     def test_ipfix_max_bibs_sessions(self):
-        """ IPFIX logging maximum session and BIB entries exceeded """
+        """IPFIX logging maximum session and BIB entries exceeded"""
         max_bibs = 1280
         max_sessions = 2560
-        remote_host_ip6 = self.compose_ip6(self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                           '64:ff9b::',
-                                           96)
+        remote_host_ip6 = self.compose_ip6(self.pg1.remote_ip4, "64:ff9b::", 96)
 
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(start_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                                                end_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                                                vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF,
-                                                is_add=1)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(
+            start_addr=self.nat_addr,
+            end_addr=self.nat_addr,
+            vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF,
+            is_add=1,
+        )
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_INSIDE
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(is_add=1, flags=flags,
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index)
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(is_add=1, flags=0,
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(
+            is_add=1, flags=flags, sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index
+        )
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(
+            is_add=1, flags=0, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index
+        )
 
         pkts = []
         src = ""
         for i in range(0, max_bibs):
             src = "fd01:aa::%x" % (i)
-            p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                 IPv6(src=src, dst=remote_host_ip6) /
-                 TCP(sport=12345, dport=80))
+            p = (
+                Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                / IPv6(src=src, dst=remote_host_ip6)
+                / TCP(sport=12345, dport=80)
+            )
             pkts.append(p)
-            p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                 IPv6(src=src, dst=remote_host_ip6) /
-                 TCP(sport=12345, dport=22))
+            p = (
+                Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                / IPv6(src=src, dst=remote_host_ip6)
+                / TCP(sport=12345, dport=22)
+            )
             pkts.append(p)
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
         self.pg1.get_capture(max_sessions)
 
-        self.vapi.set_ipfix_exporter(collector_address=self.pg3.remote_ip4,
-                                     src_address=self.pg3.local_ip4,
-                                     path_mtu=512,
-                                     template_interval=10)
-        self.vapi.nat_ipfix_enable_disable(domain_id=self.ipfix_domain_id,
-                                           src_port=self.ipfix_src_port,
-                                           enable=1)
+        self.vapi.set_ipfix_exporter(
+            collector_address=self.pg3.remote_ip4,
+            src_address=self.pg3.local_ip4,
+            path_mtu=512,
+            template_interval=10,
+        )
+        self.vapi.nat_ipfix_enable_disable(
+            domain_id=self.ipfix_domain_id, src_port=self.ipfix_src_port, enable=1
+        )
 
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=src, dst=remote_host_ip6) /
-             TCP(sport=12345, dport=25))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=src, dst=remote_host_ip6)
+            / TCP(sport=12345, dport=25)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1709,8 +1871,7 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(p[IP].dst, self.pg3.remote_ip4)
             self.assertEqual(p[UDP].sport, self.ipfix_src_port)
             self.assertEqual(p[UDP].dport, 4739)
-            self.assertEqual(p[IPFIX].observationDomainID,
-                             self.ipfix_domain_id)
+            self.assertEqual(p[IPFIX].observationDomainID, self.ipfix_domain_id)
             if p.haslayer(Template):
                 ipfix.add_template(p.getlayer(Template))
         # verify events in data set
@@ -1719,9 +1880,11 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
                 data = ipfix.decode_data_set(p.getlayer(Set))
                 self.verify_ipfix_max_sessions(data, max_sessions)
 
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=remote_host_ip6) /
-             TCP(sport=12345, dport=80))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=remote_host_ip6)
+            / TCP(sport=12345, dport=80)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1735,40 +1898,45 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(p[IP].dst, self.pg3.remote_ip4)
             self.assertEqual(p[UDP].sport, self.ipfix_src_port)
             self.assertEqual(p[UDP].dport, 4739)
-            self.assertEqual(p[IPFIX].observationDomainID,
-                             self.ipfix_domain_id)
+            self.assertEqual(p[IPFIX].observationDomainID, self.ipfix_domain_id)
             if p.haslayer(Data):
                 data = ipfix.decode_data_set(p.getlayer(Set))
                 self.verify_ipfix_max_bibs(data, max_bibs)
 
     def test_ipfix_bib_ses(self):
-        """ IPFIX logging NAT64 BIB/session create and delete events """
+        """IPFIX logging NAT64 BIB/session create and delete events"""
         self.tcp_port_in = random.randint(1025, 65535)
-        remote_host_ip6 = self.compose_ip6(self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                           '64:ff9b::',
-                                           96)
+        remote_host_ip6 = self.compose_ip6(self.pg1.remote_ip4, "64:ff9b::", 96)
 
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(start_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                                                end_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                                                vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF,
-                                                is_add=1)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(
+            start_addr=self.nat_addr,
+            end_addr=self.nat_addr,
+            vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF,
+            is_add=1,
+        )
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_INSIDE
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(is_add=1, flags=flags,
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index)
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(is_add=1, flags=0,
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index)
-        self.vapi.set_ipfix_exporter(collector_address=self.pg3.remote_ip4,
-                                     src_address=self.pg3.local_ip4,
-                                     path_mtu=512,
-                                     template_interval=10)
-        self.vapi.nat_ipfix_enable_disable(domain_id=self.ipfix_domain_id,
-                                           src_port=self.ipfix_src_port,
-                                           enable=1)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(
+            is_add=1, flags=flags, sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index
+        )
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(
+            is_add=1, flags=0, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index
+        )
+        self.vapi.set_ipfix_exporter(
+            collector_address=self.pg3.remote_ip4,
+            src_address=self.pg3.local_ip4,
+            path_mtu=512,
+            template_interval=10,
+        )
+        self.vapi.nat_ipfix_enable_disable(
+            domain_id=self.ipfix_domain_id, src_port=self.ipfix_src_port, enable=1
+        )
 
         # Create
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=remote_host_ip6) /
-             TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=25))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=remote_host_ip6)
+            / TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=25)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1784,8 +1952,7 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(p[IP].dst, self.pg3.remote_ip4)
             self.assertEqual(p[UDP].sport, self.ipfix_src_port)
             self.assertEqual(p[UDP].dport, 4739)
-            self.assertEqual(p[IPFIX].observationDomainID,
-                             self.ipfix_domain_id)
+            self.assertEqual(p[IPFIX].observationDomainID, self.ipfix_domain_id)
             if p.haslayer(Template):
                 ipfix.add_template(p.getlayer(Template))
         # verify events in data set
@@ -1795,20 +1962,20 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
                 if scapy.compat.orb(data[0][230]) == 10:
                     self.verify_ipfix_bib(data, 1, self.pg0.remote_ip6)
                 elif scapy.compat.orb(data[0][230]) == 6:
-                    self.verify_ipfix_nat64_ses(data,
-                                                1,
-                                                self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                                                self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                                25)
+                    self.verify_ipfix_nat64_ses(
+                        data, 1, self.pg0.remote_ip6, self.pg1.remote_ip4, 25
+                    )
                 else:
                     self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet: ", p))
 
         # Delete
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(start_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                                                end_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                                                vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF,
-                                                is_add=0)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(
+            start_addr=self.nat_addr,
+            end_addr=self.nat_addr,
+            vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF,
+            is_add=0,
+        )
         self.vapi.ipfix_flush()
         capture = self.pg3.get_capture(2)
         # verify events in data set
@@ -1818,44 +1985,44 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(p[IP].dst, self.pg3.remote_ip4)
             self.assertEqual(p[UDP].sport, self.ipfix_src_port)
             self.assertEqual(p[UDP].dport, 4739)
-            self.assertEqual(p[IPFIX].observationDomainID,
-                             self.ipfix_domain_id)
+            self.assertEqual(p[IPFIX].observationDomainID, self.ipfix_domain_id)
             if p.haslayer(Data):
                 data = ipfix.decode_data_set(p.getlayer(Set))
                 if scapy.compat.orb(data[0][230]) == 11:
                     self.verify_ipfix_bib(data, 0, self.pg0.remote_ip6)
                 elif scapy.compat.orb(data[0][230]) == 7:
-                    self.verify_ipfix_nat64_ses(data,
-                                                0,
-                                                self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                                                self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                                25)
+                    self.verify_ipfix_nat64_ses(
+                        data, 0, self.pg0.remote_ip6, self.pg1.remote_ip4, 25
+                    )
                 else:
                     self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet: ", p))
 
     def test_syslog_sess(self):
-        """ Test syslog session creation and deletion """
+        """Test syslog session creation and deletion"""
         self.tcp_port_in = random.randint(1025, 65535)
-        remote_host_ip6 = self.compose_ip6(self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                           '64:ff9b::',
-                                           96)
+        remote_host_ip6 = self.compose_ip6(self.pg1.remote_ip4, "64:ff9b::", 96)
 
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(start_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                                                end_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                                                vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF,
-                                                is_add=1)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(
+            start_addr=self.nat_addr,
+            end_addr=self.nat_addr,
+            vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF,
+            is_add=1,
+        )
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_INSIDE
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(is_add=1, flags=flags,
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index)
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(is_add=1, flags=0,
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index)
-        self.vapi.syslog_set_filter(
-            self.SYSLOG_SEVERITY.SYSLOG_API_SEVERITY_INFO)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(
+            is_add=1, flags=flags, sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index
+        )
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(
+            is_add=1, flags=0, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index
+        )
+        self.vapi.syslog_set_filter(self.SYSLOG_SEVERITY.SYSLOG_API_SEVERITY_INFO)
         self.vapi.syslog_set_sender(self.pg3.local_ip4, self.pg3.remote_ip4)
 
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=remote_host_ip6) /
-             TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=self.tcp_external_port))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=remote_host_ip6)
+            / TCP(sport=self.tcp_port_in, dport=self.tcp_external_port)
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1866,10 +2033,12 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
-        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(start_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                                                end_addr=self.nat_addr,
-                                                vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF,
-                                                is_add=0)
+        self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(
+            start_addr=self.nat_addr,
+            end_addr=self.nat_addr,
+            vrf_id=0xFFFFFFFF,
+            is_add=0,
+        )
         capture = self.pg3.get_capture(1)
         self.verify_syslog_sess(capture[0][Raw].load, False, True)
 
@@ -1884,51 +2053,57 @@ class TestNAT64(VppTestCase):
         """
         Clear NAT64 configuration.
         """
-        self.vapi.nat_ipfix_enable_disable(domain_id=self.ipfix_domain_id,
-                                           src_port=self.ipfix_src_port,
-                                           enable=0)
+        self.vapi.nat_ipfix_enable_disable(
+            domain_id=self.ipfix_domain_id, src_port=self.ipfix_src_port, enable=0
+        )
         self.ipfix_src_port = 4739
         self.ipfix_domain_id = 1
 
-        self.vapi.syslog_set_filter(
-            self.SYSLOG_SEVERITY.SYSLOG_API_SEVERITY_EMERG)
+        self.vapi.syslog_set_filter(self.SYSLOG_SEVERITY.SYSLOG_API_SEVERITY_EMERG)
 
-        self.vapi.nat64_set_timeouts(udp=300, tcp_established=7440,
-                                     tcp_transitory=240, icmp=60)
+        self.vapi.nat64_set_timeouts(
+            udp=300, tcp_established=7440, tcp_transitory=240, icmp=60
+        )
 
         interfaces = self.vapi.nat64_interface_dump()
         for intf in interfaces:
-            self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(is_add=0, flags=intf.flags,
-                                              sw_if_index=intf.sw_if_index)
+            self.vapi.nat64_add_del_interface(
+                is_add=0, flags=intf.flags, sw_if_index=intf.sw_if_index
+            )
 
         bib = self.vapi.nat64_bib_dump(proto=255)
         for bibe in bib:
             if bibe.flags & self.config_flags.NAT_IS_STATIC:
-                self.vapi.nat64_add_del_static_bib(i_addr=bibe.i_addr,
-                                                   o_addr=bibe.o_addr,
-                                                   i_port=bibe.i_port,
-                                                   o_port=bibe.o_port,
-                                                   proto=bibe.proto,
-                                                   vrf_id=bibe.vrf_id,
-                                                   is_add=0)
+                self.vapi.nat64_add_del_static_bib(
+                    i_addr=bibe.i_addr,
+                    o_addr=bibe.o_addr,
+                    i_port=bibe.i_port,
+                    o_port=bibe.o_port,
+                    proto=bibe.proto,
+                    vrf_id=bibe.vrf_id,
+                    is_add=0,
+                )
 
         adresses = self.vapi.nat64_pool_addr_dump()
         for addr in adresses:
-            self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(start_addr=addr.address,
-                                                    end_addr=addr.address,
-                                                    vrf_id=addr.vrf_id,
-                                                    is_add=0)
+            self.vapi.nat64_add_del_pool_addr_range(
+                start_addr=addr.address,
+                end_addr=addr.address,
+                vrf_id=addr.vrf_id,
+                is_add=0,
+            )
 
         prefixes = self.vapi.nat64_prefix_dump()
         for prefix in prefixes:
-            self.vapi.nat64_add_del_prefix(prefix=str(prefix.prefix),
-                                           vrf_id=prefix.vrf_id, is_add=0)
+            self.vapi.nat64_add_del_prefix(
+                prefix=str(prefix.prefix), vrf_id=prefix.vrf_id, is_add=0
+            )
 
-        bibs = self.statistics.get_counter('/nat64/total-bibs')
+        bibs = self.statistics.get_counter("/nat64/total-bibs")
         self.assertEqual(bibs[0][0], 0)
-        sessions = self.statistics.get_counter('/nat64/total-sessions')
+        sessions = self.statistics.get_counter("/nat64/total-sessions")
         self.assertEqual(sessions[0][0], 0)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_nat66.py b/test/test_nat66.py
index 02b2882a28b..f3bec78ec5a 100644
--- a/test/test_nat66.py
+++ b/test/test_nat66.py
@@ -10,15 +10,32 @@ from io import BytesIO
 import scapy.compat
 from framework import VppTestCase, VppTestRunner
 from ipfix import IPFIX, Set, Template, Data, IPFIXDecoder
-from scapy.all import bind_layers, Packet, ByteEnumField, ShortField, \
-    IPField, IntField, LongField, XByteField, FlagsField, FieldLenField, \
-    PacketListField
+from scapy.all import (
+    bind_layers,
+    Packet,
+    ByteEnumField,
+    ShortField,
+    IPField,
+    IntField,
+    LongField,
+    XByteField,
+    FlagsField,
+    FieldLenField,
+    PacketListField,
+)
 from scapy.data import IP_PROTOS
 from scapy.layers.inet import IP, TCP, UDP, ICMP
 from scapy.layers.inet import IPerror, TCPerror, UDPerror, ICMPerror
 from scapy.layers.inet6 import ICMPv6DestUnreach, IPerror6, IPv6ExtHdrFragment
-from scapy.layers.inet6 import IPv6, ICMPv6EchoRequest, ICMPv6EchoReply, \
-    ICMPv6ND_NS, ICMPv6ND_NA, ICMPv6NDOptDstLLAddr, fragment6
+from scapy.layers.inet6 import (
+    IPv6,
+    ICMPv6EchoRequest,
+    ICMPv6EchoReply,
+    ICMPv6ND_NS,
+    ICMPv6ND_NA,
+    ICMPv6NDOptDstLLAddr,
+    fragment6,
+)
 from scapy.layers.l2 import Ether, ARP, GRE
 from scapy.packet import Raw
 from syslog_rfc5424_parser import SyslogMessage, ParseError
@@ -32,13 +49,13 @@ from vpp_papi import VppEnum
 
 
 class TestNAT66(VppTestCase):
-    """ NAT66 Test Cases """
+    """NAT66 Test Cases"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
         super(TestNAT66, cls).setUpClass()
 
-        cls.nat_addr = 'fd01:ff::2'
+        cls.nat_addr = "fd01:ff::2"
         cls.create_pg_interfaces(range(2))
         cls.interfaces = list(cls.pg_interfaces)
 
@@ -67,34 +84,45 @@ class TestNAT66(VppTestCase):
             self.plugin_disable()
 
     def test_static(self):
-        """ 1:1 NAT66 test """
+        """1:1 NAT66 test"""
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_INSIDE
-        self.vapi.nat66_add_del_interface(is_add=1, flags=flags,
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index)
-        self.vapi.nat66_add_del_interface(is_add=1,
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.nat66_add_del_interface(
+            is_add=1, flags=flags, sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index
+        )
+        self.vapi.nat66_add_del_interface(is_add=1, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index)
         self.vapi.nat66_add_del_static_mapping(
             local_ip_address=self.pg0.remote_ip6,
             external_ip_address=self.nat_addr,
-            is_add=1)
+            is_add=1,
+        )
 
         # in2out
         pkts = []
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6) /
-             TCP())
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6)
+            / TCP()
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6) /
-             UDP())
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6)
+            / UDP()
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6) /
-             ICMPv6EchoRequest())
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6)
+            / ICMPv6EchoRequest()
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6) /
-             GRE() / IP() / TCP())
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6)
+            / GRE()
+            / IP()
+            / TCP()
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -112,21 +140,31 @@ class TestNAT66(VppTestCase):
 
         # out2in
         pkts = []
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.pg1.remote_ip6, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             TCP())
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg1.remote_ip6, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / TCP()
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.pg1.remote_ip6, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             UDP())
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg1.remote_ip6, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / UDP()
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.pg1.remote_ip6, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             ICMPv6EchoReply())
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg1.remote_ip6, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / ICMPv6EchoReply()
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.pg1.remote_ip6, dst=self.nat_addr) /
-             GRE() / IP() / TCP())
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg1.remote_ip6, dst=self.nat_addr)
+            / GRE()
+            / IP()
+            / TCP()
+        )
         pkts.append(p)
         self.pg1.add_stream(pkts)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -146,21 +184,26 @@ class TestNAT66(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(sm[0].total_pkts, 8)
 
     def test_check_no_translate(self):
-        """ NAT66 translate only when egress interface is outside interface """
+        """NAT66 translate only when egress interface is outside interface"""
         flags = self.config_flags.NAT_IS_INSIDE
-        self.vapi.nat66_add_del_interface(is_add=1, flags=flags,
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index)
-        self.vapi.nat66_add_del_interface(is_add=1, flags=flags,
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.nat66_add_del_interface(
+            is_add=1, flags=flags, sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index
+        )
+        self.vapi.nat66_add_del_interface(
+            is_add=1, flags=flags, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index
+        )
         self.vapi.nat66_add_del_static_mapping(
             local_ip_address=self.pg0.remote_ip6,
             external_ip_address=self.nat_addr,
-            is_add=1)
+            is_add=1,
+        )
 
         # in2out
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6) /
-             UDP())
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6)
+            / UDP()
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream([p])
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -174,5 +217,5 @@ class TestNAT66(VppTestCase):
             raise
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_neighbor.py b/test/test_neighbor.py
index 0cbaf062f12..e1b37a0a124 100644
--- a/test/test_neighbor.py
+++ b/test/test_neighbor.py
@@ -7,8 +7,15 @@ from socket import AF_INET, AF_INET6, inet_pton
 from framework import tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 from framework import VppTestCase, VppTestRunner
 from vpp_neighbor import VppNeighbor, find_nbr
-from vpp_ip_route import VppIpRoute, VppRoutePath, find_route, \
-    VppIpTable, DpoProto, FibPathType, VppIpInterfaceAddress
+from vpp_ip_route import (
+    VppIpRoute,
+    VppRoutePath,
+    find_route,
+    VppIpTable,
+    DpoProto,
+    FibPathType,
+    VppIpInterfaceAddress,
+)
 from vpp_papi import VppEnum
 from vpp_ip import VppIpPuntRedirect
 
@@ -28,7 +35,7 @@ arp_opts = {"who-has": 1, "is-at": 2}
 
 
 class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
-    """ ARP Test Case """
+    """ARP Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -125,8 +132,7 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(arp.plen, 4)
         self.assertEqual(arp.op, arp_opts["is-at"])
         self.assertNotEqual(arp.hwsrc, smac)
-        self.assertTrue("00:00:5e:00:01" in arp.hwsrc or
-                        "00:00:5E:00:01" in arp.hwsrc)
+        self.assertTrue("00:00:5e:00:01" in arp.hwsrc or "00:00:5E:00:01" in arp.hwsrc)
         self.assertEqual(arp.hwdst, dmac)
         self.assertEqual(arp.psrc, sip)
         self.assertEqual(arp.pdst, dip)
@@ -155,7 +161,7 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(ip.dst, dip)
 
     def test_arp(self):
-        """ ARP """
+        """ARP"""
 
         #
         # Generate some hosts on the LAN
@@ -168,15 +174,16 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
         #  - all neighbor events on pg1
         #  - neighbor events for host[1] on pg1
         #
-        self.vapi.want_ip_neighbor_events(enable=1,
-                                          pid=os.getpid())
-        self.vapi.want_ip_neighbor_events(enable=1,
-                                          pid=os.getpid(),
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index)
-        self.vapi.want_ip_neighbor_events(enable=1,
-                                          pid=os.getpid(),
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                          ip=self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4)
+        self.vapi.want_ip_neighbor_events(enable=1, pid=os.getpid())
+        self.vapi.want_ip_neighbor_events(
+            enable=1, pid=os.getpid(), sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index
+        )
+        self.vapi.want_ip_neighbor_events(
+            enable=1,
+            pid=os.getpid(),
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+            ip=self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
+        )
 
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh ip neighbor-watcher"))
 
@@ -184,10 +191,12 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
         # Send IP traffic to one of these unresolved hosts.
         #  expect the generation of an ARP request
         #
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1._remote_hosts[1].ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw())
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1._remote_hosts[1].ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw()
+        )
 
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -195,38 +204,38 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
 
         rx = self.pg1.get_capture(1)
 
-        self.verify_arp_req(rx[0],
-                            self.pg1.local_mac,
-                            self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                            self.pg1._remote_hosts[1].ip4)
+        self.verify_arp_req(
+            rx[0], self.pg1.local_mac, self.pg1.local_ip4, self.pg1._remote_hosts[1].ip4
+        )
 
         #
         # And a dynamic ARP entry for host 1
         #
-        dyn_arp = VppNeighbor(self,
-                              self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                              self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].mac,
-                              self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4)
+        dyn_arp = VppNeighbor(
+            self,
+            self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].mac,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
+        )
         dyn_arp.add_vpp_config()
         self.assertTrue(dyn_arp.query_vpp_config())
 
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show ip neighbor-watcher"))
 
         # this matches all of the listnerers
-        es = [self.vapi.wait_for_event(1, "ip_neighbor_event")
-              for i in range(3)]
+        es = [self.vapi.wait_for_event(1, "ip_neighbor_event") for i in range(3)]
         for e in es:
-            self.assertEqual(str(e.neighbor.ip_address),
-                             self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4)
+            self.assertEqual(str(e.neighbor.ip_address), self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4)
 
         #
         # now we expect IP traffic forwarded
         #
-        dyn_p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                    dst=self.pg1._remote_hosts[1].ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw())
+        dyn_p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1._remote_hosts[1].ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw()
+        )
 
         self.pg0.add_stream(dyn_p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -234,32 +243,35 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
 
         rx = self.pg1.get_capture(1)
 
-        self.verify_ip(rx[0],
-                       self.pg1.local_mac,
-                       self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].mac,
-                       self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                       self.pg1._remote_hosts[1].ip4)
+        self.verify_ip(
+            rx[0],
+            self.pg1.local_mac,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].mac,
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            self.pg1._remote_hosts[1].ip4,
+        )
 
         #
         # And a Static ARP entry for host 2
         #
-        static_arp = VppNeighbor(self,
-                                 self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                 self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].mac,
-                                 self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].ip4,
-                                 is_static=1)
+        static_arp = VppNeighbor(
+            self,
+            self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].mac,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].ip4,
+            is_static=1,
+        )
         static_arp.add_vpp_config()
-        es = [self.vapi.wait_for_event(1, "ip_neighbor_event")
-              for i in range(2)]
+        es = [self.vapi.wait_for_event(1, "ip_neighbor_event") for i in range(2)]
         for e in es:
-            self.assertEqual(str(e.neighbor.ip_address),
-                             self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].ip4)
+            self.assertEqual(str(e.neighbor.ip_address), self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].ip4)
 
-        static_p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                    IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                       dst=self.pg1._remote_hosts[2].ip4) /
-                    UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                    Raw())
+        static_p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1._remote_hosts[2].ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw()
+        )
 
         self.pg0.add_stream(static_p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -267,24 +279,27 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
 
         rx = self.pg1.get_capture(1)
 
-        self.verify_ip(rx[0],
-                       self.pg1.local_mac,
-                       self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].mac,
-                       self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                       self.pg1._remote_hosts[2].ip4)
+        self.verify_ip(
+            rx[0],
+            self.pg1.local_mac,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].mac,
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            self.pg1._remote_hosts[2].ip4,
+        )
 
         #
         # remove all the listeners
         #
-        self.vapi.want_ip_neighbor_events(enable=0,
-                                          pid=os.getpid())
-        self.vapi.want_ip_neighbor_events(enable=0,
-                                          pid=os.getpid(),
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index)
-        self.vapi.want_ip_neighbor_events(enable=0,
-                                          pid=os.getpid(),
-                                          sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                          ip=self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4)
+        self.vapi.want_ip_neighbor_events(enable=0, pid=os.getpid())
+        self.vapi.want_ip_neighbor_events(
+            enable=0, pid=os.getpid(), sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index
+        )
+        self.vapi.want_ip_neighbor_events(
+            enable=0,
+            pid=os.getpid(),
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+            ip=self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
+        )
 
         #
         # flap the link. dynamic ARPs get flush, statics don't
@@ -297,69 +312,76 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.pg_start()
         rx = self.pg1.get_capture(1)
 
-        self.verify_ip(rx[0],
-                       self.pg1.local_mac,
-                       self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].mac,
-                       self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                       self.pg1._remote_hosts[2].ip4)
+        self.verify_ip(
+            rx[0],
+            self.pg1.local_mac,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].mac,
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            self.pg1._remote_hosts[2].ip4,
+        )
 
         self.pg0.add_stream(dyn_p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
         rx = self.pg1.get_capture(1)
-        self.verify_arp_req(rx[0],
-                            self.pg1.local_mac,
-                            self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                            self.pg1._remote_hosts[1].ip4)
+        self.verify_arp_req(
+            rx[0], self.pg1.local_mac, self.pg1.local_ip4, self.pg1._remote_hosts[1].ip4
+        )
 
         self.assertFalse(dyn_arp.query_vpp_config())
         self.assertTrue(static_arp.query_vpp_config())
         #
         # Send an ARP request from one of the so-far unlearned remote hosts
         #
-        p = (Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff",
-                   src=self.pg1._remote_hosts[3].mac) /
-             ARP(op="who-has",
-                 hwsrc=self.pg1._remote_hosts[3].mac,
-                 pdst=self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                 psrc=self.pg1._remote_hosts[3].ip4))
+        p = Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg1._remote_hosts[3].mac) / ARP(
+            op="who-has",
+            hwsrc=self.pg1._remote_hosts[3].mac,
+            pdst=self.pg1.local_ip4,
+            psrc=self.pg1._remote_hosts[3].ip4,
+        )
 
         self.pg1.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
         rx = self.pg1.get_capture(1)
-        self.verify_arp_resp(rx[0],
-                             self.pg1.local_mac,
-                             self.pg1._remote_hosts[3].mac,
-                             self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                             self.pg1._remote_hosts[3].ip4)
+        self.verify_arp_resp(
+            rx[0],
+            self.pg1.local_mac,
+            self.pg1._remote_hosts[3].mac,
+            self.pg1.local_ip4,
+            self.pg1._remote_hosts[3].ip4,
+        )
 
         #
         # VPP should have learned the mapping for the remote host
         #
-        self.assertTrue(find_nbr(self,
-                                 self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                 self.pg1._remote_hosts[3].ip4))
+        self.assertTrue(
+            find_nbr(self, self.pg1.sw_if_index, self.pg1._remote_hosts[3].ip4)
+        )
         #
         # Fire in an ARP request before the interface becomes IP enabled
         #
         self.pg2.generate_remote_hosts(4)
 
-        p = (Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg2.remote_mac) /
-             ARP(op="who-has",
-                 hwsrc=self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                 pdst=self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                 psrc=self.pg2.remote_hosts[3].ip4))
-        pt = (Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg2.remote_mac) /
-              Dot1Q(vlan=0) /
-              ARP(op="who-has",
-                  hwsrc=self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                  pdst=self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                  psrc=self.pg2.remote_hosts[3].ip4))
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg2, p,
-                                        "interface not IP enabled")
+        p = Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg2.remote_mac) / ARP(
+            op="who-has",
+            hwsrc=self.pg2.remote_mac,
+            pdst=self.pg1.local_ip4,
+            psrc=self.pg2.remote_hosts[3].ip4,
+        )
+        pt = (
+            Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg2.remote_mac)
+            / Dot1Q(vlan=0)
+            / ARP(
+                op="who-has",
+                hwsrc=self.pg2.remote_mac,
+                pdst=self.pg1.local_ip4,
+                psrc=self.pg2.remote_hosts[3].ip4,
+            )
+        )
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg2, p, "interface not IP enabled")
 
         #
         # Make pg2 un-numbered to pg1
@@ -384,12 +406,15 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
         # once an attached route to the source is known
         #
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
-            self.pg2, p,
-            "ARP req for unnumbered address - no source")
+            self.pg2, p, "ARP req for unnumbered address - no source"
+        )
 
-        attached_host = VppIpRoute(self, self.pg2.remote_hosts[3].ip4, 32,
-                                   [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                                 self.pg2.sw_if_index)])
+        attached_host = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            self.pg2.remote_hosts[3].ip4,
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", self.pg2.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         attached_host.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.pg2.add_stream(p)
@@ -397,57 +422,64 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.pg_start()
 
         rx = self.pg2.get_capture(1)
-        self.verify_arp_resp(rx[0],
-                             self.pg2.local_mac,
-                             self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                             self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                             self.pg2.remote_hosts[3].ip4)
+        self.verify_arp_resp(
+            rx[0],
+            self.pg2.local_mac,
+            self.pg2.remote_mac,
+            self.pg1.local_ip4,
+            self.pg2.remote_hosts[3].ip4,
+        )
 
         self.pg2.add_stream(pt)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
         rx = self.pg2.get_capture(1)
-        self.verify_arp_resp(rx[0],
-                             self.pg2.local_mac,
-                             self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                             self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                             self.pg2.remote_hosts[3].ip4)
+        self.verify_arp_resp(
+            rx[0],
+            self.pg2.local_mac,
+            self.pg2.remote_mac,
+            self.pg1.local_ip4,
+            self.pg2.remote_hosts[3].ip4,
+        )
 
         #
         # A neighbor entry that has no associated FIB-entry
         #
-        arp_no_fib = VppNeighbor(self,
-                                 self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                 self.pg1.remote_hosts[4].mac,
-                                 self.pg1.remote_hosts[4].ip4,
-                                 is_no_fib_entry=1)
+        arp_no_fib = VppNeighbor(
+            self,
+            self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[4].mac,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[4].ip4,
+            is_no_fib_entry=1,
+        )
         arp_no_fib.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # check we have the neighbor, but no route
         #
-        self.assertTrue(find_nbr(self,
-                                 self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                 self.pg1._remote_hosts[4].ip4))
-        self.assertFalse(find_route(self,
-                                    self.pg1._remote_hosts[4].ip4,
-                                    32))
+        self.assertTrue(
+            find_nbr(self, self.pg1.sw_if_index, self.pg1._remote_hosts[4].ip4)
+        )
+        self.assertFalse(find_route(self, self.pg1._remote_hosts[4].ip4, 32))
         #
         # pg2 is unnumbered to pg1, so we can form adjacencies out of pg2
         # from within pg1's subnet
         #
-        arp_unnum = VppNeighbor(self,
-                                self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                                self.pg1.remote_hosts[5].mac,
-                                self.pg1.remote_hosts[5].ip4)
+        arp_unnum = VppNeighbor(
+            self,
+            self.pg2.sw_if_index,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[5].mac,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[5].ip4,
+        )
         arp_unnum.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                dst=self.pg1._remote_hosts[5].ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw())
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1._remote_hosts[5].ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw()
+        )
 
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -455,47 +487,56 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
 
         rx = self.pg2.get_capture(1)
 
-        self.verify_ip(rx[0],
-                       self.pg2.local_mac,
-                       self.pg1.remote_hosts[5].mac,
-                       self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                       self.pg1._remote_hosts[5].ip4)
+        self.verify_ip(
+            rx[0],
+            self.pg2.local_mac,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[5].mac,
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            self.pg1._remote_hosts[5].ip4,
+        )
 
         #
         # ARP requests from hosts in pg1's subnet sent on pg2 are replied to
         # with the unnumbered interface's address as the source
         #
-        p = (Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg2.remote_mac) /
-             ARP(op="who-has",
-                 hwsrc=self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                 pdst=self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                 psrc=self.pg1.remote_hosts[6].ip4))
+        p = Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg2.remote_mac) / ARP(
+            op="who-has",
+            hwsrc=self.pg2.remote_mac,
+            pdst=self.pg1.local_ip4,
+            psrc=self.pg1.remote_hosts[6].ip4,
+        )
 
         self.pg2.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
         rx = self.pg2.get_capture(1)
-        self.verify_arp_resp(rx[0],
-                             self.pg2.local_mac,
-                             self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                             self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                             self.pg1.remote_hosts[6].ip4)
+        self.verify_arp_resp(
+            rx[0],
+            self.pg2.local_mac,
+            self.pg2.remote_mac,
+            self.pg1.local_ip4,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[6].ip4,
+        )
 
         #
         # An attached host route out of pg2 for an undiscovered hosts generates
         # an ARP request with the unnumbered address as the source
         #
-        att_unnum = VppIpRoute(self, self.pg1.remote_hosts[7].ip4, 32,
-                               [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                             self.pg2.sw_if_index)])
+        att_unnum = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[7].ip4,
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", self.pg2.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         att_unnum.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                dst=self.pg1._remote_hosts[7].ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw())
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1._remote_hosts[7].ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw()
+        )
 
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -503,135 +544,158 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
 
         rx = self.pg2.get_capture(1)
 
-        self.verify_arp_req(rx[0],
-                            self.pg2.local_mac,
-                            self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                            self.pg1._remote_hosts[7].ip4)
+        self.verify_arp_req(
+            rx[0], self.pg2.local_mac, self.pg1.local_ip4, self.pg1._remote_hosts[7].ip4
+        )
 
-        p = (Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg2.remote_mac) /
-             ARP(op="who-has",
-                 hwsrc=self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                 pdst=self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                 psrc=self.pg1.remote_hosts[7].ip4))
+        p = Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg2.remote_mac) / ARP(
+            op="who-has",
+            hwsrc=self.pg2.remote_mac,
+            pdst=self.pg1.local_ip4,
+            psrc=self.pg1.remote_hosts[7].ip4,
+        )
 
         self.pg2.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
         rx = self.pg2.get_capture(1)
-        self.verify_arp_resp(rx[0],
-                             self.pg2.local_mac,
-                             self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                             self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                             self.pg1.remote_hosts[7].ip4)
+        self.verify_arp_resp(
+            rx[0],
+            self.pg2.local_mac,
+            self.pg2.remote_mac,
+            self.pg1.local_ip4,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[7].ip4,
+        )
 
         #
         # An attached host route as yet unresolved out of pg2 for an
         # undiscovered host, an ARP requests begets a response.
         #
-        att_unnum1 = VppIpRoute(self, self.pg1.remote_hosts[8].ip4, 32,
-                                [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                              self.pg2.sw_if_index)])
+        att_unnum1 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[8].ip4,
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", self.pg2.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         att_unnum1.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p = (Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg2.remote_mac) /
-             ARP(op="who-has",
-                 hwsrc=self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                 pdst=self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                 psrc=self.pg1.remote_hosts[8].ip4))
+        p = Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg2.remote_mac) / ARP(
+            op="who-has",
+            hwsrc=self.pg2.remote_mac,
+            pdst=self.pg1.local_ip4,
+            psrc=self.pg1.remote_hosts[8].ip4,
+        )
 
         self.pg2.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
         rx = self.pg2.get_capture(1)
-        self.verify_arp_resp(rx[0],
-                             self.pg2.local_mac,
-                             self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                             self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                             self.pg1.remote_hosts[8].ip4)
+        self.verify_arp_resp(
+            rx[0],
+            self.pg2.local_mac,
+            self.pg2.remote_mac,
+            self.pg1.local_ip4,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[8].ip4,
+        )
 
         #
         # Send an ARP request from one of the so-far unlearned remote hosts
         # with a VLAN0 tag
         #
-        p = (Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff",
-                   src=self.pg1._remote_hosts[9].mac) /
-             Dot1Q(vlan=0) /
-             ARP(op="who-has",
-                 hwsrc=self.pg1._remote_hosts[9].mac,
-                 pdst=self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                 psrc=self.pg1._remote_hosts[9].ip4))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg1._remote_hosts[9].mac)
+            / Dot1Q(vlan=0)
+            / ARP(
+                op="who-has",
+                hwsrc=self.pg1._remote_hosts[9].mac,
+                pdst=self.pg1.local_ip4,
+                psrc=self.pg1._remote_hosts[9].ip4,
+            )
+        )
 
         self.pg1.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
         rx = self.pg1.get_capture(1)
-        self.verify_arp_resp(rx[0],
-                             self.pg1.local_mac,
-                             self.pg1._remote_hosts[9].mac,
-                             self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                             self.pg1._remote_hosts[9].ip4)
+        self.verify_arp_resp(
+            rx[0],
+            self.pg1.local_mac,
+            self.pg1._remote_hosts[9].mac,
+            self.pg1.local_ip4,
+            self.pg1._remote_hosts[9].ip4,
+        )
 
         #
         # Add a hierarchy of routes for a host in the sub-net.
         # Should still get an ARP resp since the cover is attached
         #
-        p = (Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-             ARP(op="who-has",
-                 hwsrc=self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                 pdst=self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                 psrc=self.pg1.remote_hosts[10].ip4))
+        p = Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg1.remote_mac) / ARP(
+            op="who-has",
+            hwsrc=self.pg1.remote_mac,
+            pdst=self.pg1.local_ip4,
+            psrc=self.pg1.remote_hosts[10].ip4,
+        )
 
-        r1 = VppIpRoute(self, self.pg1.remote_hosts[10].ip4, 30,
-                        [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_hosts[10].ip4,
-                                      self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
+        r1 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[10].ip4,
+            30,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_hosts[10].ip4, self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         r1.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.pg1.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
         rx = self.pg1.get_capture(1)
-        self.verify_arp_resp(rx[0],
-                             self.pg1.local_mac,
-                             self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                             self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                             self.pg1.remote_hosts[10].ip4)
+        self.verify_arp_resp(
+            rx[0],
+            self.pg1.local_mac,
+            self.pg1.remote_mac,
+            self.pg1.local_ip4,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[10].ip4,
+        )
 
-        r2 = VppIpRoute(self, self.pg1.remote_hosts[10].ip4, 32,
-                        [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_hosts[10].ip4,
-                                      self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
+        r2 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[10].ip4,
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_hosts[10].ip4, self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         r2.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.pg1.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
         rx = self.pg1.get_capture(1)
-        self.verify_arp_resp(rx[0],
-                             self.pg1.local_mac,
-                             self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                             self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                             self.pg1.remote_hosts[10].ip4)
+        self.verify_arp_resp(
+            rx[0],
+            self.pg1.local_mac,
+            self.pg1.remote_mac,
+            self.pg1.local_ip4,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[10].ip4,
+        )
 
         #
         # add an ARP entry that's not on the sub-net and so whose
         # adj-fib fails the refinement check. then send an ARP request
         # from that source
         #
-        a1 = VppNeighbor(self,
-                         self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                         self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                         "100.100.100.50")
+        a1 = VppNeighbor(
+            self, self.pg0.sw_if_index, self.pg0.remote_mac, "100.100.100.50"
+        )
         a1.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p = (Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             ARP(op="who-has",
-                 hwsrc=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                 psrc="100.100.100.50",
-                 pdst=self.pg0.remote_ip4))
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p,
-                                        "ARP req for from failed adj-fib")
+        p = Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg0.remote_mac) / ARP(
+            op="who-has",
+            hwsrc=self.pg0.remote_mac,
+            psrc="100.100.100.50",
+            pdst=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+        )
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p, "ARP req for from failed adj-fib")
 
         #
         # ERROR Cases
@@ -640,101 +704,103 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
         #  1b - nor within the unnumbered subnet
         #  1c - nor within the subnet of a different interface
         #
-        p = (Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             ARP(op="who-has",
-                 hwsrc=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                 pdst="10.10.10.3",
-                 psrc=self.pg0.remote_ip4))
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p,
-                                        "ARP req for non-local destination")
-        self.assertFalse(find_nbr(self,
-                                  self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                  "10.10.10.3"))
-
-        p = (Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg2.remote_mac) /
-             ARP(op="who-has",
-                 hwsrc=self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                 pdst="10.10.10.3",
-                 psrc=self.pg1.remote_hosts[7].ip4))
+        p = Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg0.remote_mac) / ARP(
+            op="who-has",
+            hwsrc=self.pg0.remote_mac,
+            pdst="10.10.10.3",
+            psrc=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
-            self.pg0, p,
-            "ARP req for non-local destination - unnum")
+            self.pg0, p, "ARP req for non-local destination"
+        )
+        self.assertFalse(find_nbr(self, self.pg0.sw_if_index, "10.10.10.3"))
 
-        p = (Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             ARP(op="who-has",
-                 hwsrc=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                 pdst=self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                 psrc=self.pg1.remote_ip4))
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p,
-                                        "ARP req diff sub-net")
-        self.assertFalse(find_nbr(self,
-                                  self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                  self.pg1.remote_ip4))
+        p = Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg2.remote_mac) / ARP(
+            op="who-has",
+            hwsrc=self.pg2.remote_mac,
+            pdst="10.10.10.3",
+            psrc=self.pg1.remote_hosts[7].ip4,
+        )
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
+            self.pg0, p, "ARP req for non-local destination - unnum"
+        )
+
+        p = Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg0.remote_mac) / ARP(
+            op="who-has",
+            hwsrc=self.pg0.remote_mac,
+            pdst=self.pg1.local_ip4,
+            psrc=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+        )
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p, "ARP req diff sub-net")
+        self.assertFalse(find_nbr(self, self.pg0.sw_if_index, self.pg1.remote_ip4))
 
         #
         #  2 - don't respond to ARP request from an address not within the
         #      interface's sub-net
         #   2b - to a proxied address
         #   2c - not within a different interface's sub-net
-        p = (Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             ARP(op="who-has",
-                 hwsrc=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                 psrc="10.10.10.3",
-                 pdst=self.pg0.local_ip4))
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p,
-                                        "ARP req for non-local source")
-        p = (Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg2.remote_mac) /
-             ARP(op="who-has",
-                 hwsrc=self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                 psrc="10.10.10.3",
-                 pdst=self.pg0.local_ip4))
+        p = Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg0.remote_mac) / ARP(
+            op="who-has",
+            hwsrc=self.pg0.remote_mac,
+            psrc="10.10.10.3",
+            pdst=self.pg0.local_ip4,
+        )
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p, "ARP req for non-local source")
+        p = Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg2.remote_mac) / ARP(
+            op="who-has",
+            hwsrc=self.pg2.remote_mac,
+            psrc="10.10.10.3",
+            pdst=self.pg0.local_ip4,
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
-            self.pg0, p,
-            "ARP req for non-local source - unnum")
-        p = (Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             ARP(op="who-has",
-                 hwsrc=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                 psrc=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                 pdst=self.pg0.local_ip4))
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p,
-                                        "ARP req for non-local source 2c")
+            self.pg0, p, "ARP req for non-local source - unnum"
+        )
+        p = Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg0.remote_mac) / ARP(
+            op="who-has",
+            hwsrc=self.pg0.remote_mac,
+            psrc=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+            pdst=self.pg0.local_ip4,
+        )
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p, "ARP req for non-local source 2c")
 
         #
         #  3 - don't respond to ARP request from an address that belongs to
         #      the router
         #
-        p = (Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             ARP(op="who-has",
-                 hwsrc=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                 psrc=self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                 pdst=self.pg0.local_ip4))
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p,
-                                        "ARP req for non-local source")
+        p = Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg0.remote_mac) / ARP(
+            op="who-has",
+            hwsrc=self.pg0.remote_mac,
+            psrc=self.pg0.local_ip4,
+            pdst=self.pg0.local_ip4,
+        )
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p, "ARP req for non-local source")
 
         #
         #  4 - don't respond to ARP requests that has mac source different
         #      from ARP request HW source
         #
-        p = (Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             ARP(op="who-has",
-                 hwsrc="00:00:00:DE:AD:BE",
-                 psrc=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                 pdst=self.pg0.local_ip4))
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p,
-                                        "ARP req for non-local source")
+        p = Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg0.remote_mac) / ARP(
+            op="who-has",
+            hwsrc="00:00:00:DE:AD:BE",
+            psrc=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            pdst=self.pg0.local_ip4,
+        )
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p, "ARP req for non-local source")
 
         #
         #  5 - don't respond to ARP requests for address within the
         #      interface's sub-net but not the interface's address
         #
         self.pg0.generate_remote_hosts(2)
-        p = (Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             ARP(op="who-has",
-                 hwsrc=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                 psrc=self.pg0.remote_hosts[0].ip4,
-                 pdst=self.pg0.remote_hosts[1].ip4))
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p,
-                                        "ARP req for non-local destination")
+        p = Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg0.remote_mac) / ARP(
+            op="who-has",
+            hwsrc=self.pg0.remote_mac,
+            psrc=self.pg0.remote_hosts[0].ip4,
+            pdst=self.pg0.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
+        )
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
+            self.pg0, p, "ARP req for non-local destination"
+        )
 
         #
         # cleanup
@@ -748,7 +814,7 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.pg1.admin_down()
 
     def test_proxy_mirror_arp(self):
-        """ Interface Mirror Proxy ARP """
+        """Interface Mirror Proxy ARP"""
 
         #
         # When VPP has an interface whose address is also applied to a TAP
@@ -759,20 +825,24 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
         #
         self.pg0.generate_remote_hosts(2)
 
-        arp_req_from_me = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                                 dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff") /
-                           ARP(op="who-has",
-                               hwsrc=self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                               pdst=self.pg0.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
-                               psrc=self.pg0.local_ip4))
+        arp_req_from_me = Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff") / ARP(
+            op="who-has",
+            hwsrc=self.pg2.remote_mac,
+            pdst=self.pg0.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
+            psrc=self.pg0.local_ip4,
+        )
 
         #
         # Configure Proxy ARP for the subnet on PG0addresses on pg0
         #
-        self.vapi.proxy_arp_add_del(proxy={'table_id': 0,
-                                           'low': self.pg0._local_ip4_subnet,
-                                           'hi': self.pg0._local_ip4_bcast},
-                                    is_add=1)
+        self.vapi.proxy_arp_add_del(
+            proxy={
+                "table_id": 0,
+                "low": self.pg0._local_ip4_subnet,
+                "hi": self.pg0._local_ip4_bcast,
+            },
+            is_add=1,
+        )
 
         # Make pg2 un-numbered to pg0
         #
@@ -788,43 +858,49 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
         # is VPP's own address
         #
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, [arp_req_from_me], self.pg2)
-        self.verify_arp_resp(rx[0],
-                             self.pg2.local_mac,
-                             self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                             self.pg0.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
-                             self.pg0.local_ip4)
+        self.verify_arp_resp(
+            rx[0],
+            self.pg2.local_mac,
+            self.pg2.remote_mac,
+            self.pg0.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
+            self.pg0.local_ip4,
+        )
 
         #
         # validate we have not learned an ARP entry as a result of this
         #
-        self.assertFalse(find_nbr(self,
-                                  self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                                  self.pg0.local_ip4))
+        self.assertFalse(find_nbr(self, self.pg2.sw_if_index, self.pg0.local_ip4))
 
         #
         # setup a punt redirect so packets from the uplink go to the tap
         #
-        redirect = VppIpPuntRedirect(self, self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                     self.pg2.sw_if_index, self.pg0.local_ip4)
+        redirect = VppIpPuntRedirect(
+            self, self.pg0.sw_if_index, self.pg2.sw_if_index, self.pg0.local_ip4
+        )
         redirect.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p_tcp = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.pg0.local_mac,) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                    dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-                 TCP(sport=80, dport=80) /
-                 Raw())
+        p_tcp = (
+            Ether(
+                src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
+                dst=self.pg0.local_mac,
+            )
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+            / TCP(sport=80, dport=80)
+            / Raw()
+        )
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p_tcp], self.pg2)
 
         # there's no ARP entry so this is an ARP req
         self.assertTrue(rx[0].haslayer(ARP))
 
         # and ARP entry for VPP's pg0 address on the host interface
-        n1 = VppNeighbor(self,
-                         self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                         self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                         self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                         is_no_fib_entry=True).add_vpp_config()
+        n1 = VppNeighbor(
+            self,
+            self.pg2.sw_if_index,
+            self.pg2.remote_mac,
+            self.pg0.local_ip4,
+            is_no_fib_entry=True,
+        ).add_vpp_config()
         # now the packets shold forward
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p_tcp], self.pg2)
         self.assertFalse(rx[0].haslayer(ARP))
@@ -839,75 +915,81 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
         # ensure we can still resolve the ARPs on the uplink
         self.pg0.resolve_arp()
 
-        self.assertTrue(find_nbr(self,
-                                 self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                 self.pg0.remote_ip4))
+        self.assertTrue(find_nbr(self, self.pg0.sw_if_index, self.pg0.remote_ip4))
 
         #
         # cleanup
         #
-        self.vapi.proxy_arp_add_del(proxy={'table_id': 0,
-                                           'low': self.pg0._local_ip4_subnet,
-                                           'hi': self.pg0._local_ip4_bcast},
-                                    is_add=0)
+        self.vapi.proxy_arp_add_del(
+            proxy={
+                "table_id": 0,
+                "low": self.pg0._local_ip4_subnet,
+                "hi": self.pg0._local_ip4_bcast,
+            },
+            is_add=0,
+        )
         redirect.remove_vpp_config()
 
     def test_proxy_arp(self):
-        """ Proxy ARP """
+        """Proxy ARP"""
 
         self.pg1.generate_remote_hosts(2)
 
         #
         # Proxy ARP request packets for each interface
         #
-        arp_req_pg0 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                             dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff") /
-                       ARP(op="who-has",
-                           hwsrc=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                           pdst="10.10.10.3",
-                           psrc=self.pg0.remote_ip4))
-        arp_req_pg0_tagged = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                    dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff") /
-                              Dot1Q(vlan=0) /
-                              ARP(op="who-has",
-                                  hwsrc=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                  pdst="10.10.10.3",
-                                  psrc=self.pg0.remote_ip4))
-        arp_req_pg1 = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                             dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff") /
-                       ARP(op="who-has",
-                           hwsrc=self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                           pdst="10.10.10.3",
-                           psrc=self.pg1.remote_ip4))
-        arp_req_pg2 = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                             dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff") /
-                       ARP(op="who-has",
-                           hwsrc=self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                           pdst="10.10.10.3",
-                           psrc=self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4))
-        arp_req_pg3 = (Ether(src=self.pg3.remote_mac,
-                             dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff") /
-                       ARP(op="who-has",
-                           hwsrc=self.pg3.remote_mac,
-                           pdst="10.10.10.3",
-                           psrc=self.pg3.remote_ip4))
+        arp_req_pg0 = Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff") / ARP(
+            op="who-has",
+            hwsrc=self.pg0.remote_mac,
+            pdst="10.10.10.3",
+            psrc=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+        )
+        arp_req_pg0_tagged = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff")
+            / Dot1Q(vlan=0)
+            / ARP(
+                op="who-has",
+                hwsrc=self.pg0.remote_mac,
+                pdst="10.10.10.3",
+                psrc=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            )
+        )
+        arp_req_pg1 = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff") / ARP(
+            op="who-has",
+            hwsrc=self.pg1.remote_mac,
+            pdst="10.10.10.3",
+            psrc=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+        )
+        arp_req_pg2 = Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff") / ARP(
+            op="who-has",
+            hwsrc=self.pg2.remote_mac,
+            pdst="10.10.10.3",
+            psrc=self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
+        )
+        arp_req_pg3 = Ether(src=self.pg3.remote_mac, dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff") / ARP(
+            op="who-has",
+            hwsrc=self.pg3.remote_mac,
+            pdst="10.10.10.3",
+            psrc=self.pg3.remote_ip4,
+        )
 
         #
         # Configure Proxy ARP for 10.10.10.0 -> 10.10.10.124
         #
-        self.vapi.proxy_arp_add_del(proxy={'table_id': 0,
-                                           'low': "10.10.10.2",
-                                           'hi': "10.10.10.124"},
-                                    is_add=1)
+        self.vapi.proxy_arp_add_del(
+            proxy={"table_id": 0, "low": "10.10.10.2", "hi": "10.10.10.124"}, is_add=1
+        )
 
         #
         # No responses are sent when the interfaces are not enabled for proxy
         # ARP
         #
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, arp_req_pg0,
-                                        "ARP req from unconfigured interface")
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg2, arp_req_pg2,
-                                        "ARP req from unconfigured interface")
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
+            self.pg0, arp_req_pg0, "ARP req from unconfigured interface"
+        )
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
+            self.pg2, arp_req_pg2, "ARP req from unconfigured interface"
+        )
 
         #
         # Make pg2 un-numbered to pg1
@@ -915,8 +997,9 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
         #
         self.pg2.set_unnumbered(self.pg1.sw_if_index)
 
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg2, arp_req_pg2,
-                                        "ARP req from unnumbered interface")
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
+            self.pg2, arp_req_pg2, "ARP req from unnumbered interface"
+        )
 
         #
         # Enable each interface to reply to proxy ARPs
@@ -933,71 +1016,82 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.pg_start()
 
         rx = self.pg0.get_capture(1)
-        self.verify_arp_resp(rx[0],
-                             self.pg0.local_mac,
-                             self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                             "10.10.10.3",
-                             self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        self.verify_arp_resp(
+            rx[0],
+            self.pg0.local_mac,
+            self.pg0.remote_mac,
+            "10.10.10.3",
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+        )
 
         self.pg0.add_stream(arp_req_pg0_tagged)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
         rx = self.pg0.get_capture(1)
-        self.verify_arp_resp(rx[0],
-                             self.pg0.local_mac,
-                             self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                             "10.10.10.3",
-                             self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        self.verify_arp_resp(
+            rx[0],
+            self.pg0.local_mac,
+            self.pg0.remote_mac,
+            "10.10.10.3",
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+        )
 
         self.pg1.add_stream(arp_req_pg1)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
         rx = self.pg1.get_capture(1)
-        self.verify_arp_resp(rx[0],
-                             self.pg1.local_mac,
-                             self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                             "10.10.10.3",
-                             self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+        self.verify_arp_resp(
+            rx[0],
+            self.pg1.local_mac,
+            self.pg1.remote_mac,
+            "10.10.10.3",
+            self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+        )
 
         self.pg2.add_stream(arp_req_pg2)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
         rx = self.pg2.get_capture(1)
-        self.verify_arp_resp(rx[0],
-                             self.pg2.local_mac,
-                             self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                             "10.10.10.3",
-                             self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4)
+        self.verify_arp_resp(
+            rx[0],
+            self.pg2.local_mac,
+            self.pg2.remote_mac,
+            "10.10.10.3",
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
+        )
 
         #
         # A request for an address out of the configured range
         #
-        arp_req_pg1_hi = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                                dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff") /
-                          ARP(op="who-has",
-                              hwsrc=self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                              pdst="10.10.10.125",
-                              psrc=self.pg1.remote_ip4))
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg1, arp_req_pg1_hi,
-                                        "ARP req out of range HI")
-        arp_req_pg1_low = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                                 dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff") /
-                           ARP(op="who-has",
-                               hwsrc=self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                               pdst="10.10.10.1",
-                               psrc=self.pg1.remote_ip4))
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg1, arp_req_pg1_low,
-                                        "ARP req out of range Low")
+        arp_req_pg1_hi = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff") / ARP(
+            op="who-has",
+            hwsrc=self.pg1.remote_mac,
+            pdst="10.10.10.125",
+            psrc=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+        )
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
+            self.pg1, arp_req_pg1_hi, "ARP req out of range HI"
+        )
+        arp_req_pg1_low = Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff") / ARP(
+            op="who-has",
+            hwsrc=self.pg1.remote_mac,
+            pdst="10.10.10.1",
+            psrc=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+        )
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
+            self.pg1, arp_req_pg1_low, "ARP req out of range Low"
+        )
 
         #
         # Request for an address in the proxy range but from an interface
         # in a different VRF
         #
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg3, arp_req_pg3,
-                                        "ARP req from different VRF")
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
+            self.pg3, arp_req_pg3, "ARP req from different VRF"
+        )
 
         #
         # Disable Each interface for proxy ARP
@@ -1006,12 +1100,9 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
         for i in self.pg_interfaces:
             i.set_proxy_arp(0)
 
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, arp_req_pg0,
-                                        "ARP req from disable")
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg1, arp_req_pg1,
-                                        "ARP req from disable")
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg2, arp_req_pg2,
-                                        "ARP req from disable")
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, arp_req_pg0, "ARP req from disable")
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg1, arp_req_pg1, "ARP req from disable")
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg2, arp_req_pg2, "ARP req from disable")
 
         #
         # clean up on interface 2
@@ -1019,7 +1110,7 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.pg2.unset_unnumbered(self.pg1.sw_if_index)
 
     def test_mpls(self):
-        """ MPLS """
+        """MPLS"""
 
         #
         # Interface 2 does not yet have ip4 config
@@ -1030,30 +1121,36 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
         #
         # Add a route with out going label via an ARP unresolved next-hop
         #
-        ip_10_0_0_1 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.0.0.1", 32,
-                                 [VppRoutePath(self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
-                                               self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                                               labels=[55])])
+        ip_10_0_0_1 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10.0.0.1",
+            32,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4, self.pg2.sw_if_index, labels=[55]
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         ip_10_0_0_1.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # packets should generate an ARP request
         #
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                   dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="10.0.0.1") /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="10.0.0.1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
         rx = self.pg2.get_capture(1)
-        self.verify_arp_req(rx[0],
-                            self.pg2.local_mac,
-                            self.pg2.local_ip4,
-                            self.pg2._remote_hosts[1].ip4)
+        self.verify_arp_req(
+            rx[0], self.pg2.local_mac, self.pg2.local_ip4, self.pg2._remote_hosts[1].ip4
+        )
 
         #
         # now resolve the neighbours
@@ -1070,42 +1167,48 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.pg_start()
 
         rx = self.pg2.get_capture(1)
-        self.verify_ip_o_mpls(rx[0],
-                              self.pg2.local_mac,
-                              self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].mac,
-                              55,
-                              self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                              "10.0.0.1")
+        self.verify_ip_o_mpls(
+            rx[0],
+            self.pg2.local_mac,
+            self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].mac,
+            55,
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            "10.0.0.1",
+        )
         self.pg2.unconfig_ip4()
 
     def test_arp_vrrp(self):
-        """ ARP reply with VRRP virtual src hw addr """
+        """ARP reply with VRRP virtual src hw addr"""
 
         #
         # IP packet destined for pg1 remote host arrives on pg0 resulting
         # in an ARP request for the address of the remote host on pg1
         #
-        p0 = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-              IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-              Raw())
+        p0 = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw()
+        )
 
         rx1 = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p0], self.pg1)
 
-        self.verify_arp_req(rx1[0],
-                            self.pg1.local_mac,
-                            self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                            self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+        self.verify_arp_req(
+            rx1[0], self.pg1.local_mac, self.pg1.local_ip4, self.pg1.remote_ip4
+        )
 
         #
         # ARP reply for address of pg1 remote host arrives on pg1 with
         # the hw src addr set to a value in the VRRP IPv4 range of
         # MAC addresses
         #
-        p1 = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-              ARP(op="is-at", hwdst=self.pg1.local_mac,
-                  hwsrc="00:00:5e:00:01:09", pdst=self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                  psrc=self.pg1.remote_ip4))
+        p1 = Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) / ARP(
+            op="is-at",
+            hwdst=self.pg1.local_mac,
+            hwsrc="00:00:5e:00:01:09",
+            pdst=self.pg1.local_ip4,
+            psrc=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+        )
 
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg1, p1, "ARP reply")
 
@@ -1116,17 +1219,19 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
         #
         rx1 = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p0], self.pg1)
 
-        self.verify_ip(rx1[0],
-                       self.pg1.local_mac,
-                       "00:00:5e:00:01:09",
-                       self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                       self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+        self.verify_ip(
+            rx1[0],
+            self.pg1.local_mac,
+            "00:00:5e:00:01:09",
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+        )
 
         self.pg1.admin_down()
         self.pg1.admin_up()
 
     def test_arp_duplicates(self):
-        """ ARP Duplicates"""
+        """ARP Duplicates"""
 
         #
         # Generate some hosts on the LAN
@@ -1136,26 +1241,30 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
         #
         # Add host 1 on pg1 and pg2
         #
-        arp_pg1 = VppNeighbor(self,
-                              self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                              self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].mac,
-                              self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4)
+        arp_pg1 = VppNeighbor(
+            self,
+            self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].mac,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
+        )
         arp_pg1.add_vpp_config()
-        arp_pg2 = VppNeighbor(self,
-                              self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                              self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                              self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4)
+        arp_pg2 = VppNeighbor(
+            self,
+            self.pg2.sw_if_index,
+            self.pg2.remote_mac,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
+        )
         arp_pg2.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # IP packet destined for pg1 remote host arrives on pg1 again.
         #
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                   src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                dst=self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw())
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw()
+        )
 
         self.pg0.add_stream(p)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -1163,11 +1272,13 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
 
         rx1 = self.pg1.get_capture(1)
 
-        self.verify_ip(rx1[0],
-                       self.pg1.local_mac,
-                       self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].mac,
-                       self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                       self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4)
+        self.verify_ip(
+            rx1[0],
+            self.pg1.local_mac,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].mac,
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
+        )
 
         #
         # remove the duplicate on pg1
@@ -1181,10 +1292,9 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
 
         rx1 = self.pg1.get_capture(1)
 
-        self.verify_arp_req(rx1[0],
-                            self.pg1.local_mac,
-                            self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                            self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4)
+        self.verify_arp_req(
+            rx1[0], self.pg1.local_mac, self.pg1.local_ip4, self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4
+        )
 
         #
         # Add it back
@@ -1197,24 +1307,28 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
 
         rx1 = self.pg1.get_capture(1)
 
-        self.verify_ip(rx1[0],
-                       self.pg1.local_mac,
-                       self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].mac,
-                       self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                       self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4)
+        self.verify_ip(
+            rx1[0],
+            self.pg1.local_mac,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].mac,
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
+        )
 
     def test_arp_static(self):
-        """ ARP Static"""
+        """ARP Static"""
         self.pg2.generate_remote_hosts(3)
 
         #
         # Add a static ARP entry
         #
-        static_arp = VppNeighbor(self,
-                                 self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                                 self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].mac,
-                                 self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
-                                 is_static=1)
+        static_arp = VppNeighbor(
+            self,
+            self.pg2.sw_if_index,
+            self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].mac,
+            self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
+            is_static=1,
+        )
         static_arp.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -1225,13 +1339,12 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
         #
         # We should now find the adj-fib
         #
-        self.assertTrue(find_nbr(self,
-                                 self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                                 self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
-                                 is_static=1))
-        self.assertTrue(find_route(self,
-                                   self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
-                                   32))
+        self.assertTrue(
+            find_nbr(
+                self, self.pg2.sw_if_index, self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4, is_static=1
+            )
+        )
+        self.assertTrue(find_route(self, self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4, 32))
 
         #
         # remove the connected
@@ -1248,10 +1361,7 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
         # adj fib in the new table
         #
         self.pg2.config_ip4()
-        self.assertTrue(find_route(self,
-                                   self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
-                                   32,
-                                   table_id=1))
+        self.assertTrue(find_route(self, self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4, 32, table_id=1))
 
         #
         # clean-up
@@ -1261,18 +1371,22 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.pg2.set_table_ip4(0)
 
     def test_arp_static_replace_dynamic_same_mac(self):
-        """ ARP Static can replace Dynamic (same mac) """
+        """ARP Static can replace Dynamic (same mac)"""
         self.pg2.generate_remote_hosts(1)
 
-        dyn_arp = VppNeighbor(self,
-                              self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                              self.pg2.remote_hosts[0].mac,
-                              self.pg2.remote_hosts[0].ip4)
-        static_arp = VppNeighbor(self,
-                                 self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                                 self.pg2.remote_hosts[0].mac,
-                                 self.pg2.remote_hosts[0].ip4,
-                                 is_static=1)
+        dyn_arp = VppNeighbor(
+            self,
+            self.pg2.sw_if_index,
+            self.pg2.remote_hosts[0].mac,
+            self.pg2.remote_hosts[0].ip4,
+        )
+        static_arp = VppNeighbor(
+            self,
+            self.pg2.sw_if_index,
+            self.pg2.remote_hosts[0].mac,
+            self.pg2.remote_hosts[0].ip4,
+            is_static=1,
+        )
 
         #
         # Add a dynamic ARP entry
@@ -1282,15 +1396,20 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
         #
         # We should find the dynamic nbr
         #
-        self.assertFalse(find_nbr(self,
-                                  self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                                  self.pg2.remote_hosts[0].ip4,
-                                  is_static=1))
-        self.assertTrue(find_nbr(self,
-                                 self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                                 self.pg2.remote_hosts[0].ip4,
-                                 is_static=0,
-                                 mac=self.pg2.remote_hosts[0].mac))
+        self.assertFalse(
+            find_nbr(
+                self, self.pg2.sw_if_index, self.pg2.remote_hosts[0].ip4, is_static=1
+            )
+        )
+        self.assertTrue(
+            find_nbr(
+                self,
+                self.pg2.sw_if_index,
+                self.pg2.remote_hosts[0].ip4,
+                is_static=0,
+                mac=self.pg2.remote_hosts[0].mac,
+            )
+        )
 
         #
         # Add a static ARP entry with the same mac
@@ -1300,15 +1419,20 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
         #
         # We should now find the static nbr with the same mac
         #
-        self.assertFalse(find_nbr(self,
-                                  self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                                  self.pg2.remote_hosts[0].ip4,
-                                  is_static=0))
-        self.assertTrue(find_nbr(self,
-                                 self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                                 self.pg2.remote_hosts[0].ip4,
-                                 is_static=1,
-                                 mac=self.pg2.remote_hosts[0].mac))
+        self.assertFalse(
+            find_nbr(
+                self, self.pg2.sw_if_index, self.pg2.remote_hosts[0].ip4, is_static=0
+            )
+        )
+        self.assertTrue(
+            find_nbr(
+                self,
+                self.pg2.sw_if_index,
+                self.pg2.remote_hosts[0].ip4,
+                is_static=1,
+                mac=self.pg2.remote_hosts[0].mac,
+            )
+        )
 
         #
         # clean-up
@@ -1316,18 +1440,22 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
         static_arp.remove_vpp_config()
 
     def test_arp_static_replace_dynamic_diff_mac(self):
-        """ ARP Static can replace Dynamic (diff mac) """
+        """ARP Static can replace Dynamic (diff mac)"""
         self.pg2.generate_remote_hosts(2)
 
-        dyn_arp = VppNeighbor(self,
-                              self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                              self.pg2.remote_hosts[0].mac,
-                              self.pg2.remote_hosts[0].ip4)
-        static_arp = VppNeighbor(self,
-                                 self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                                 self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].mac,
-                                 self.pg2.remote_hosts[0].ip4,
-                                 is_static=1)
+        dyn_arp = VppNeighbor(
+            self,
+            self.pg2.sw_if_index,
+            self.pg2.remote_hosts[0].mac,
+            self.pg2.remote_hosts[0].ip4,
+        )
+        static_arp = VppNeighbor(
+            self,
+            self.pg2.sw_if_index,
+            self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].mac,
+            self.pg2.remote_hosts[0].ip4,
+            is_static=1,
+        )
 
         #
         # Add a dynamic ARP entry
@@ -1337,15 +1465,20 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
         #
         # We should find the dynamic nbr
         #
-        self.assertFalse(find_nbr(self,
-                                  self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                                  self.pg2.remote_hosts[0].ip4,
-                                  is_static=1))
-        self.assertTrue(find_nbr(self,
-                                 self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                                 self.pg2.remote_hosts[0].ip4,
-                                 is_static=0,
-                                 mac=self.pg2.remote_hosts[0].mac))
+        self.assertFalse(
+            find_nbr(
+                self, self.pg2.sw_if_index, self.pg2.remote_hosts[0].ip4, is_static=1
+            )
+        )
+        self.assertTrue(
+            find_nbr(
+                self,
+                self.pg2.sw_if_index,
+                self.pg2.remote_hosts[0].ip4,
+                is_static=0,
+                mac=self.pg2.remote_hosts[0].mac,
+            )
+        )
 
         #
         # Add a static ARP entry with a changed mac
@@ -1355,15 +1488,20 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
         #
         # We should now find the static nbr with a changed mac
         #
-        self.assertFalse(find_nbr(self,
-                                  self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                                  self.pg2.remote_hosts[0].ip4,
-                                  is_static=0))
-        self.assertTrue(find_nbr(self,
-                                 self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                                 self.pg2.remote_hosts[0].ip4,
-                                 is_static=1,
-                                 mac=self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].mac))
+        self.assertFalse(
+            find_nbr(
+                self, self.pg2.sw_if_index, self.pg2.remote_hosts[0].ip4, is_static=0
+            )
+        )
+        self.assertTrue(
+            find_nbr(
+                self,
+                self.pg2.sw_if_index,
+                self.pg2.remote_hosts[0].ip4,
+                is_static=1,
+                mac=self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].mac,
+            )
+        )
 
         #
         # clean-up
@@ -1371,95 +1509,109 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
         static_arp.remove_vpp_config()
 
     def test_arp_incomplete(self):
-        """ ARP Incomplete"""
+        """ARP Incomplete"""
         self.pg1.generate_remote_hosts(4)
 
-        p0 = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-              IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                 dst=self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4) /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-              Raw())
-        p1 = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-              IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                 dst=self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].ip4) /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-              Raw())
-        p2 = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-              IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                 dst="1.1.1.1") /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-              Raw())
+        p0 = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw()
+        )
+        p1 = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw()
+        )
+        p2 = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="1.1.1.1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw()
+        )
 
         #
         # a packet to an unresolved destination generates an ARP request
         #
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p0], self.pg1)
-        self.verify_arp_req(rx[0],
-                            self.pg1.local_mac,
-                            self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                            self.pg1._remote_hosts[1].ip4)
+        self.verify_arp_req(
+            rx[0], self.pg1.local_mac, self.pg1.local_ip4, self.pg1._remote_hosts[1].ip4
+        )
 
         #
         # add a neighbour for remote host 1
         #
-        static_arp = VppNeighbor(self,
-                                 self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                 self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].mac,
-                                 self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
-                                 is_static=1)
+        static_arp = VppNeighbor(
+            self,
+            self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].mac,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
+            is_static=1,
+        )
         static_arp.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # add a route through remote host 3 hence we get an incomplete
         #
-        VppIpRoute(self, "1.1.1.1", 32,
-                   [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_hosts[3].ip4,
-                                 self.pg1.sw_if_index)]).add_vpp_config()
+        VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "1.1.1.1",
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_hosts[3].ip4, self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+        ).add_vpp_config()
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p2], self.pg1)
-        self.verify_arp_req(rx[0],
-                            self.pg1.local_mac,
-                            self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                            self.pg1._remote_hosts[3].ip4)
+        self.verify_arp_req(
+            rx[0], self.pg1.local_mac, self.pg1.local_ip4, self.pg1._remote_hosts[3].ip4
+        )
 
         #
         # change the interface's MAC
         #
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mac_address(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                               "00:00:00:33:33:33")
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mac_address(
+            self.pg1.sw_if_index, "00:00:00:33:33:33"
+        )
 
         #
         # now ARP requests come from the new source mac
         #
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p1], self.pg1)
-        self.verify_arp_req(rx[0],
-                            "00:00:00:33:33:33",
-                            self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                            self.pg1._remote_hosts[2].ip4)
+        self.verify_arp_req(
+            rx[0],
+            "00:00:00:33:33:33",
+            self.pg1.local_ip4,
+            self.pg1._remote_hosts[2].ip4,
+        )
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p2], self.pg1)
-        self.verify_arp_req(rx[0],
-                            "00:00:00:33:33:33",
-                            self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                            self.pg1._remote_hosts[3].ip4)
+        self.verify_arp_req(
+            rx[0],
+            "00:00:00:33:33:33",
+            self.pg1.local_ip4,
+            self.pg1._remote_hosts[3].ip4,
+        )
 
         #
         # packets to the resolved host also have the new source mac
         #
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p0], self.pg1)
-        self.verify_ip(rx[0],
-                       "00:00:00:33:33:33",
-                       self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].mac,
-                       self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                       self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4)
+        self.verify_ip(
+            rx[0],
+            "00:00:00:33:33:33",
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].mac,
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
+        )
 
         #
         # set the mac address on the interface that does not have a
         # configured subnet and thus no glean
         #
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mac_address(self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                                               "00:00:00:33:33:33")
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mac_address(
+            self.pg2.sw_if_index, "00:00:00:33:33:33"
+        )
 
     def test_garp(self):
-        """ GARP """
+        """GARP"""
 
         #
         # Generate some hosts on the LAN
@@ -1470,92 +1622,106 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
         #
         # And an ARP entry
         #
-        arp = VppNeighbor(self,
-                          self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                          self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].mac,
-                          self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4)
+        arp = VppNeighbor(
+            self,
+            self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].mac,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
+        )
         arp.add_vpp_config()
 
-        self.assertTrue(find_nbr(self,
-                                 self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                 self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
-                                 mac=self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].mac))
+        self.assertTrue(
+            find_nbr(
+                self,
+                self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+                self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
+                mac=self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].mac,
+            )
+        )
 
         #
         # Send a GARP (request) to swap the host 1's address to that of host 2
         #
-        p1 = (Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff",
-                    src=self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].mac) /
-              ARP(op="who-has",
-                  hwdst=self.pg1.local_mac,
-                  hwsrc=self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].mac,
-                  pdst=self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
-                  psrc=self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4))
+        p1 = Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].mac) / ARP(
+            op="who-has",
+            hwdst=self.pg1.local_mac,
+            hwsrc=self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].mac,
+            pdst=self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
+            psrc=self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
+        )
 
         self.pg1.add_stream(p1)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
-        self.assertTrue(find_nbr(self,
-                                 self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                 self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
-                                 mac=self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].mac))
+        self.assertTrue(
+            find_nbr(
+                self,
+                self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+                self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
+                mac=self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].mac,
+            )
+        )
 
         #
         # Send a GARP (reply) to swap the host 1's address to that of host 3
         #
-        p1 = (Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff",
-                    src=self.pg1.remote_hosts[3].mac) /
-              ARP(op="is-at",
-                  hwdst=self.pg1.local_mac,
-                  hwsrc=self.pg1.remote_hosts[3].mac,
-                  pdst=self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
-                  psrc=self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4))
+        p1 = Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg1.remote_hosts[3].mac) / ARP(
+            op="is-at",
+            hwdst=self.pg1.local_mac,
+            hwsrc=self.pg1.remote_hosts[3].mac,
+            pdst=self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
+            psrc=self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
+        )
 
         self.pg1.add_stream(p1)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
-        self.assertTrue(find_nbr(self,
-                                 self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                 self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
-                                 mac=self.pg1.remote_hosts[3].mac))
+        self.assertTrue(
+            find_nbr(
+                self,
+                self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+                self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
+                mac=self.pg1.remote_hosts[3].mac,
+            )
+        )
 
         #
         # GARPs (request nor replies) for host we don't know yet
         # don't result in new neighbour entries
         #
-        p1 = (Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff",
-                    src=self.pg1.remote_hosts[3].mac) /
-              ARP(op="who-has",
-                  hwdst=self.pg1.local_mac,
-                  hwsrc=self.pg1.remote_hosts[3].mac,
-                  pdst=self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].ip4,
-                  psrc=self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].ip4))
+        p1 = Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg1.remote_hosts[3].mac) / ARP(
+            op="who-has",
+            hwdst=self.pg1.local_mac,
+            hwsrc=self.pg1.remote_hosts[3].mac,
+            pdst=self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].ip4,
+            psrc=self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].ip4,
+        )
 
         self.pg1.add_stream(p1)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
-        self.assertFalse(find_nbr(self,
-                                  self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                  self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].ip4))
+        self.assertFalse(
+            find_nbr(self, self.pg1.sw_if_index, self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].ip4)
+        )
 
-        p1 = (Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff",
-                    src=self.pg1.remote_hosts[3].mac) /
-              ARP(op="is-at",
-                  hwdst=self.pg1.local_mac,
-                  hwsrc=self.pg1.remote_hosts[3].mac,
-                  pdst=self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].ip4,
-                  psrc=self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].ip4))
+        p1 = Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg1.remote_hosts[3].mac) / ARP(
+            op="is-at",
+            hwdst=self.pg1.local_mac,
+            hwsrc=self.pg1.remote_hosts[3].mac,
+            pdst=self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].ip4,
+            psrc=self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].ip4,
+        )
 
         self.pg1.add_stream(p1)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
-        self.assertFalse(find_nbr(self,
-                                  self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                  self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].ip4))
+        self.assertFalse(
+            find_nbr(self, self.pg1.sw_if_index, self.pg1.remote_hosts[2].ip4)
+        )
 
         #
         # IP address in different subnets are not learnt
@@ -1563,32 +1729,44 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.pg2.configure_ipv4_neighbors()
 
         for op in ["is-at", "who-has"]:
-            p1 = [(Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff",
-                         src=self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].mac) /
-                   ARP(op=op,
-                       hwdst=self.pg2.local_mac,
-                       hwsrc=self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].mac,
-                       pdst=self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
-                       psrc=self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4)),
-                  (Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff",
-                         src=self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].mac) /
-                   ARP(op=op,
-                       hwdst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff",
-                       hwsrc=self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].mac,
-                       pdst=self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
-                       psrc=self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4))]
+            p1 = [
+                (
+                    Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].mac)
+                    / ARP(
+                        op=op,
+                        hwdst=self.pg2.local_mac,
+                        hwsrc=self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].mac,
+                        pdst=self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
+                        psrc=self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
+                    )
+                ),
+                (
+                    Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].mac)
+                    / ARP(
+                        op=op,
+                        hwdst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff",
+                        hwsrc=self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].mac,
+                        pdst=self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
+                        psrc=self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
+                    )
+                ),
+            ]
 
             self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg1, p1)
-            self.assertFalse(find_nbr(self,
-                                      self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                      self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4))
+            self.assertFalse(
+                find_nbr(self, self.pg1.sw_if_index, self.pg2.remote_hosts[1].ip4)
+            )
 
         # they are all dropped because the subnet's don't match
-        self.assertEqual(4, self.statistics.get_err_counter(
-            "/err/arp-reply/IP4 destination address not local to subnet"))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            4,
+            self.statistics.get_err_counter(
+                "/err/arp-reply/IP4 destination address not local to subnet"
+            ),
+        )
 
     def test_arp_incomplete2(self):
-        """ Incomplete Entries """
+        """Incomplete Entries"""
 
         #
         # ensure that we throttle the ARP and ND requests
@@ -1598,17 +1776,20 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
         #
         # IPv4/ARP
         #
-        ip_10_0_0_1 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.0.0.1", 32,
-                                 [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
-                                               self.pg0.sw_if_index)])
+        ip_10_0_0_1 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10.0.0.1",
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_hosts[1].ip4, self.pg0.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         ip_10_0_0_1.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p1 = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac,
-                    src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-              IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                 dst="10.0.0.1") /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-              Raw())
+        p1 = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst="10.0.0.1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw()
+        )
 
         self.pg1.add_stream(p1 * 257)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -1624,18 +1805,26 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
         #
         # IPv6/ND
         #
-        ip_10_1 = VppIpRoute(self, "10::1", 128,
-                             [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_hosts[1].ip6,
-                                           self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                           proto=DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_IP6)])
+        ip_10_1 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10::1",
+            128,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.remote_hosts[1].ip6,
+                    self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+                    proto=DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_IP6,
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         ip_10_1.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p1 = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac,
-                    src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-              IPv6(src=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                   dst="10::1") /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-              Raw())
+        p1 = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg1.remote_ip6, dst="10::1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw()
+        )
 
         self.pg1.add_stream(p1 * 257)
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -1649,7 +1838,7 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.assertLess(len(rx), 64)
 
     def test_arp_forus(self):
-        """ ARP for for-us """
+        """ARP for for-us"""
 
         #
         # Test that VPP responds with ARP requests to addresses that
@@ -1661,27 +1850,36 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.pg0.generate_remote_hosts(2)
 
         forus = VppIpRoute(
-            self, self.pg0.remote_hosts[1].ip4, 32,
-            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                          self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                          type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_LOCAL)])
+            self,
+            self.pg0.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
+            32,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "0.0.0.0",
+                    self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+                    type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_LOCAL,
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         forus.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p = (Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff",
-                   src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             ARP(op="who-has",
-                 hwdst=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                 hwsrc=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                 pdst=self.pg0.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
-                 psrc=self.pg0.remote_ip4))
+        p = Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg0.remote_mac) / ARP(
+            op="who-has",
+            hwdst=self.pg0.local_mac,
+            hwsrc=self.pg0.remote_mac,
+            pdst=self.pg0.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
+            psrc=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+        )
 
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p], self.pg0)
 
-        self.verify_arp_resp(rx[0],
-                             self.pg0.local_mac,
-                             self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                             self.pg0.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
-                             self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        self.verify_arp_resp(
+            rx[0],
+            self.pg0.local_mac,
+            self.pg0.remote_mac,
+            self.pg0.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+        )
 
     def test_arp_table_swap(self):
         #
@@ -1692,15 +1890,21 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
 
         for n in range(N_NBRS):
             # a route thru each neighbour
-            VppIpRoute(self, "10.0.0.%d" % n, 32,
-                       [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_hosts[n].ip4,
-                                     self.pg1.sw_if_index)]).add_vpp_config()
+            VppIpRoute(
+                self,
+                "10.0.0.%d" % n,
+                32,
+                [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_hosts[n].ip4, self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+            ).add_vpp_config()
 
             # resolve each neighbour
-            p1 = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-                  ARP(op="is-at", hwdst=self.pg1.local_mac,
-                      hwsrc="00:00:5e:00:01:09", pdst=self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                      psrc=self.pg1.remote_hosts[n].ip4))
+            p1 = Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) / ARP(
+                op="is-at",
+                hwdst=self.pg1.local_mac,
+                hwsrc="00:00:5e:00:01:09",
+                pdst=self.pg1.local_ip4,
+                psrc=self.pg1.remote_hosts[n].ip4,
+            )
 
             self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg1, p1, "ARP reply")
 
@@ -1719,87 +1923,80 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
         # all neighbours are cleared
         #
         for n in range(N_NBRS):
-            self.assertFalse(find_nbr(self,
-                                      self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                      self.pg1.remote_hosts[n].ip4))
+            self.assertFalse(
+                find_nbr(self, self.pg1.sw_if_index, self.pg1.remote_hosts[n].ip4)
+            )
 
         #
         # packets to all neighbours generate ARP requests
         #
         for n in range(N_NBRS):
             # a route thru each neighbour
-            VppIpRoute(self, "10.0.0.%d" % n, 32,
-                       [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_hosts[n].ip4,
-                                     self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
-                       table_id=100).add_vpp_config()
+            VppIpRoute(
+                self,
+                "10.0.0.%d" % n,
+                32,
+                [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_hosts[n].ip4, self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+                table_id=100,
+            ).add_vpp_config()
 
-            p = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_hosts[n].mac,
-                       dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg1.remote_hosts[n].ip4,
-                    dst="10.0.0.%d" % n) /
-                 Raw(b'0x5' * 100))
+            p = (
+                Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_hosts[n].mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_hosts[n].ip4, dst="10.0.0.%d" % n)
+                / Raw(b"0x5" * 100)
+            )
             rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, [p], self.pg1)
             for rx in rxs:
-                self.verify_arp_req(rx,
-                                    self.pg1.local_mac,
-                                    self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                                    self.pg1.remote_hosts[n].ip4)
+                self.verify_arp_req(
+                    rx,
+                    self.pg1.local_mac,
+                    self.pg1.local_ip4,
+                    self.pg1.remote_hosts[n].ip4,
+                )
 
         self.pg1.unconfig_ip4()
         self.pg1.set_table_ip4(0)
 
     def test_glean_src_select(self):
-        """ Multi Connecteds """
+        """Multi Connecteds"""
 
         #
         # configure multiple connected subnets on an interface
         # and ensure that ARP requests for hosts on those subnets
         # pick up the correct source address
         #
-        conn1 = VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, self.pg1,
-                                      "10.0.0.1", 24).add_vpp_config()
-        conn2 = VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, self.pg1,
-                                      "10.0.1.1", 24).add_vpp_config()
+        conn1 = VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, self.pg1, "10.0.0.1", 24).add_vpp_config()
+        conn2 = VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, self.pg1, "10.0.1.1", 24).add_vpp_config()
 
-        p1 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                    dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-              IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                 dst="10.0.0.128") /
-              Raw(b'0x5' * 100))
+        p1 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst="10.0.0.128")
+            / Raw(b"0x5" * 100)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p1], self.pg1)
         for rx in rxs:
-            self.verify_arp_req(rx,
-                                self.pg1.local_mac,
-                                "10.0.0.1",
-                                "10.0.0.128")
+            self.verify_arp_req(rx, self.pg1.local_mac, "10.0.0.1", "10.0.0.128")
 
-        p2 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                    dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-              IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                 dst="10.0.1.128") /
-              Raw(b'0x5' * 100))
+        p2 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst="10.0.1.128")
+            / Raw(b"0x5" * 100)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p2], self.pg1)
         for rx in rxs:
-            self.verify_arp_req(rx,
-                                self.pg1.local_mac,
-                                "10.0.1.1",
-                                "10.0.1.128")
+            self.verify_arp_req(rx, self.pg1.local_mac, "10.0.1.1", "10.0.1.128")
 
         #
         # add a local address in the same subnet
         #  the source addresses are equivalent. VPP happens to
         #  choose the last one that was added
-        conn3 = VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, self.pg1,
-                                      "10.0.1.2", 24).add_vpp_config()
+        conn3 = VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, self.pg1, "10.0.1.2", 24).add_vpp_config()
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p2], self.pg1)
         for rx in rxs:
-            self.verify_arp_req(rx,
-                                self.pg1.local_mac,
-                                "10.0.1.2",
-                                "10.0.1.128")
+            self.verify_arp_req(rx, self.pg1.local_mac, "10.0.1.2", "10.0.1.128")
 
         #
         # remove
@@ -1807,44 +2004,34 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
         conn3.remove_vpp_config()
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p2], self.pg1)
         for rx in rxs:
-            self.verify_arp_req(rx,
-                                self.pg1.local_mac,
-                                "10.0.1.1",
-                                "10.0.1.128")
+            self.verify_arp_req(rx, self.pg1.local_mac, "10.0.1.1", "10.0.1.128")
 
         #
         # add back, this time remove the first one
         #
-        conn3 = VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, self.pg1,
-                                      "10.0.1.2", 24).add_vpp_config()
+        conn3 = VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, self.pg1, "10.0.1.2", 24).add_vpp_config()
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p2], self.pg1)
         for rx in rxs:
-            self.verify_arp_req(rx,
-                                self.pg1.local_mac,
-                                "10.0.1.2",
-                                "10.0.1.128")
+            self.verify_arp_req(rx, self.pg1.local_mac, "10.0.1.2", "10.0.1.128")
 
         conn1.remove_vpp_config()
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [p2], self.pg1)
         for rx in rxs:
-            self.verify_arp_req(rx,
-                                self.pg1.local_mac,
-                                "10.0.1.2",
-                                "10.0.1.128")
+            self.verify_arp_req(rx, self.pg1.local_mac, "10.0.1.2", "10.0.1.128")
 
         # apply a connected prefix to an interface in a different table
-        VppIpRoute(self, "10.0.1.0", 24,
-                   [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                 self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
-                   table_id=1).add_vpp_config()
+        VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10.0.1.0",
+            24,
+            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+            table_id=1,
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg3, [p2], self.pg1)
         for rx in rxs:
-            self.verify_arp_req(rx,
-                                self.pg1.local_mac,
-                                "10.0.1.2",
-                                "10.0.1.128")
+            self.verify_arp_req(rx, self.pg1.local_mac, "10.0.1.2", "10.0.1.128")
 
         # cleanup
         conn3.remove_vpp_config()
@@ -1853,7 +2040,7 @@ class ARPTestCase(VppTestCase):
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 class NeighborStatsTestCase(VppTestCase):
-    """ ARP/ND Counters """
+    """ARP/ND Counters"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -1887,86 +2074,94 @@ class NeighborStatsTestCase(VppTestCase):
             i.admin_down()
 
     def test_arp_stats(self):
-        """ ARP Counters """
+        """ARP Counters"""
 
         self.vapi.cli("adj counters enable")
         self.pg1.generate_remote_hosts(2)
 
-        arp1 = VppNeighbor(self,
-                           self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                           self.pg1.remote_hosts[0].mac,
-                           self.pg1.remote_hosts[0].ip4)
+        arp1 = VppNeighbor(
+            self,
+            self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[0].mac,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[0].ip4,
+        )
         arp1.add_vpp_config()
-        arp2 = VppNeighbor(self,
-                           self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                           self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].mac,
-                           self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4)
+        arp2 = VppNeighbor(
+            self,
+            self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].mac,
+            self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4,
+        )
         arp2.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p1 = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                    src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-              IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                 dst=self.pg1.remote_hosts[0].ip4) /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-              Raw())
-        p2 = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                    src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-              IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                 dst=self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4) /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-              Raw())
+        p1 = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_hosts[0].ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw()
+        )
+        p2 = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_hosts[1].ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw()
+        )
 
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p1 * NUM_PKTS, self.pg1)
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p2 * NUM_PKTS, self.pg1)
 
-        self.assertEqual(NUM_PKTS, arp1.get_stats()['packets'])
-        self.assertEqual(NUM_PKTS, arp2.get_stats()['packets'])
+        self.assertEqual(NUM_PKTS, arp1.get_stats()["packets"])
+        self.assertEqual(NUM_PKTS, arp2.get_stats()["packets"])
 
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p1 * NUM_PKTS, self.pg1)
-        self.assertEqual(NUM_PKTS*2, arp1.get_stats()['packets'])
+        self.assertEqual(NUM_PKTS * 2, arp1.get_stats()["packets"])
 
     def test_nd_stats(self):
-        """ ND Counters """
+        """ND Counters"""
 
         self.vapi.cli("adj counters enable")
         self.pg0.generate_remote_hosts(3)
 
-        nd1 = VppNeighbor(self,
-                          self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                          self.pg0.remote_hosts[1].mac,
-                          self.pg0.remote_hosts[1].ip6)
+        nd1 = VppNeighbor(
+            self,
+            self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+            self.pg0.remote_hosts[1].mac,
+            self.pg0.remote_hosts[1].ip6,
+        )
         nd1.add_vpp_config()
-        nd2 = VppNeighbor(self,
-                          self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                          self.pg0.remote_hosts[2].mac,
-                          self.pg0.remote_hosts[2].ip6)
+        nd2 = VppNeighbor(
+            self,
+            self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+            self.pg0.remote_hosts[2].mac,
+            self.pg0.remote_hosts[2].ip6,
+        )
         nd2.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p1 = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac,
-                    src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-              IPv6(src=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                   dst=self.pg0.remote_hosts[1].ip6) /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-              Raw())
-        p2 = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac,
-                    src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-              IPv6(src=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                   dst=self.pg0.remote_hosts[2].ip6) /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-              Raw())
+        p1 = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg1.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.remote_hosts[1].ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw()
+        )
+        p2 = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg1.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.remote_hosts[2].ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw()
+        )
 
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p1 * 16, self.pg0)
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p2 * 16, self.pg0)
 
-        self.assertEqual(16, nd1.get_stats()['packets'])
-        self.assertEqual(16, nd2.get_stats()['packets'])
+        self.assertEqual(16, nd1.get_stats()["packets"])
+        self.assertEqual(16, nd2.get_stats()["packets"])
 
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p1 * NUM_PKTS, self.pg0)
-        self.assertEqual(NUM_PKTS+16, nd1.get_stats()['packets'])
+        self.assertEqual(NUM_PKTS + 16, nd1.get_stats()["packets"])
 
 
 class NeighborAgeTestCase(VppTestCase):
-    """ ARP/ND Aging """
+    """ARP/ND Aging"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -2016,10 +2211,10 @@ class NeighborAgeTestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(arp.pdst, dip)
 
     def test_age(self):
-        """ Aging/Recycle """
+        """Aging/Recycle"""
 
         self.vapi.cli("set logging unthrottle 0")
-        self.vapi.cli("set logging size %d" % 0xffff)
+        self.vapi.cli("set logging size %d" % 0xFFFF)
 
         self.pg0.generate_remote_hosts(201)
 
@@ -2036,56 +2231,59 @@ class NeighborAgeTestCase(VppTestCase):
         #   age  = 0 seconds
         #   recycle = false
         #
-        self.vapi.ip_neighbor_config(af=vaf.ADDRESS_IP4,
-                                     max_number=200,
-                                     max_age=0,
-                                     recycle=False)
+        self.vapi.ip_neighbor_config(
+            af=vaf.ADDRESS_IP4, max_number=200, max_age=0, recycle=False
+        )
 
         self.vapi.cli("sh ip neighbor-config")
 
         # add the 198 neighbours that should pass (-1 for one created in setup)
         for ii in range(200):
-            VppNeighbor(self,
-                        self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                        self.pg0.remote_hosts[ii].mac,
-                        self.pg0.remote_hosts[ii].ip4).add_vpp_config()
+            VppNeighbor(
+                self,
+                self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+                self.pg0.remote_hosts[ii].mac,
+                self.pg0.remote_hosts[ii].ip4,
+            ).add_vpp_config()
 
         # one more neighbor over the limit should fail
         with self.vapi.assert_negative_api_retval():
-            VppNeighbor(self,
-                        self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                        self.pg0.remote_hosts[200].mac,
-                        self.pg0.remote_hosts[200].ip4).add_vpp_config()
+            VppNeighbor(
+                self,
+                self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+                self.pg0.remote_hosts[200].mac,
+                self.pg0.remote_hosts[200].ip4,
+            ).add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # change the config to allow recycling the old neighbors
         #
-        self.vapi.ip_neighbor_config(af=vaf.ADDRESS_IP4,
-                                     max_number=200,
-                                     max_age=0,
-                                     recycle=True)
+        self.vapi.ip_neighbor_config(
+            af=vaf.ADDRESS_IP4, max_number=200, max_age=0, recycle=True
+        )
 
         # now new additions are allowed
-        VppNeighbor(self,
-                    self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                    self.pg0.remote_hosts[200].mac,
-                    self.pg0.remote_hosts[200].ip4).add_vpp_config()
+        VppNeighbor(
+            self,
+            self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+            self.pg0.remote_hosts[200].mac,
+            self.pg0.remote_hosts[200].ip4,
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         # add the first neighbor we configured has been re-used
-        self.assertFalse(find_nbr(self,
-                                  self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                  self.pg0.remote_hosts[0].ip4))
-        self.assertTrue(find_nbr(self,
-                                 self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                 self.pg0.remote_hosts[200].ip4))
+        self.assertFalse(
+            find_nbr(self, self.pg0.sw_if_index, self.pg0.remote_hosts[0].ip4)
+        )
+        self.assertTrue(
+            find_nbr(self, self.pg0.sw_if_index, self.pg0.remote_hosts[200].ip4)
+        )
 
         #
         # change the config to age old neighbors
         #
-        self.vapi.ip_neighbor_config(af=vaf.ADDRESS_IP4,
-                                     max_number=200,
-                                     max_age=2,
-                                     recycle=True)
+        self.vapi.ip_neighbor_config(
+            af=vaf.ADDRESS_IP4, max_number=200, max_age=2, recycle=True
+        )
 
         self.vapi.cli("sh ip4 neighbor-sorted")
 
@@ -2099,7 +2297,7 @@ class NeighborAgeTestCase(VppTestCase):
 
         for ii in range(3):
             for jj in range(200):
-                rx = rxs[ii*200 + jj]
+                rx = rxs[ii * 200 + jj]
                 # rx.show()
 
         #
@@ -2108,8 +2306,9 @@ class NeighborAgeTestCase(VppTestCase):
         #
         self.virtual_sleep(1)
 
-        self.assertFalse(self.vapi.ip_neighbor_dump(sw_if_index=0xffffffff,
-                                                    af=vaf.ADDRESS_IP4))
+        self.assertFalse(
+            self.vapi.ip_neighbor_dump(sw_if_index=0xFFFFFFFF, af=vaf.ADDRESS_IP4)
+        )
 
         #
         # load up some neighbours again with 2s aging enabled
@@ -2120,28 +2319,27 @@ class NeighborAgeTestCase(VppTestCase):
 
         self.vapi.want_ip_neighbor_events_v2(enable=1)
         for ii in range(10):
-            VppNeighbor(self,
-                        self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                        self.pg0.remote_hosts[ii].mac,
-                        self.pg0.remote_hosts[ii].ip4).add_vpp_config()
+            VppNeighbor(
+                self,
+                self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+                self.pg0.remote_hosts[ii].mac,
+                self.pg0.remote_hosts[ii].ip4,
+            ).add_vpp_config()
 
             e = self.vapi.wait_for_event(1, "ip_neighbor_event_v2")
-            self.assertEqual(e.flags,
-                             enum.IP_NEIGHBOR_API_EVENT_FLAG_ADDED)
-            self.assertEqual(str(e.neighbor.ip_address),
-                             self.pg0.remote_hosts[ii].ip4)
-            self.assertEqual(e.neighbor.mac_address,
-                             self.pg0.remote_hosts[ii].mac)
+            self.assertEqual(e.flags, enum.IP_NEIGHBOR_API_EVENT_FLAG_ADDED)
+            self.assertEqual(str(e.neighbor.ip_address), self.pg0.remote_hosts[ii].ip4)
+            self.assertEqual(e.neighbor.mac_address, self.pg0.remote_hosts[ii].mac)
 
         self.virtual_sleep(10)
-        self.assertFalse(self.vapi.ip_neighbor_dump(sw_if_index=0xffffffff,
-                                                    af=vaf.ADDRESS_IP4))
+        self.assertFalse(
+            self.vapi.ip_neighbor_dump(sw_if_index=0xFFFFFFFF, af=vaf.ADDRESS_IP4)
+        )
 
         evs = []
         for ii in range(10):
             e = self.vapi.wait_for_event(1, "ip_neighbor_event_v2")
-            self.assertEqual(e.flags,
-                             enum.IP_NEIGHBOR_API_EVENT_FLAG_REMOVED)
+            self.assertEqual(e.flags, enum.IP_NEIGHBOR_API_EVENT_FLAG_REMOVED)
             evs.append(e)
 
         # check we got the correct mac/ip pairs - done separately
@@ -2153,8 +2351,7 @@ class NeighborAgeTestCase(VppTestCase):
             ip = self.pg0.remote_hosts[ii].ip4
 
             for e in evs:
-                if (e.neighbor.mac_address == mac and
-                   str(e.neighbor.ip_address) == ip):
+                if e.neighbor.mac_address == mac and str(e.neighbor.ip_address) == ip:
                     found = True
                     break
             self.assertTrue(found)
@@ -2162,33 +2359,33 @@ class NeighborAgeTestCase(VppTestCase):
         #
         # check if we can set age and recycle with empty neighbor list
         #
-        self.vapi.ip_neighbor_config(af=vaf.ADDRESS_IP4,
-                                     max_number=200,
-                                     max_age=1000,
-                                     recycle=True)
+        self.vapi.ip_neighbor_config(
+            af=vaf.ADDRESS_IP4, max_number=200, max_age=1000, recycle=True
+        )
 
         #
         # load up some neighbours again, then disable the aging
         # they should still be there in 10 seconds time
         #
         for ii in range(10):
-            VppNeighbor(self,
-                        self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                        self.pg0.remote_hosts[ii].mac,
-                        self.pg0.remote_hosts[ii].ip4).add_vpp_config()
-        self.vapi.ip_neighbor_config(af=vaf.ADDRESS_IP4,
-                                     max_number=200,
-                                     max_age=0,
-                                     recycle=False)
+            VppNeighbor(
+                self,
+                self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+                self.pg0.remote_hosts[ii].mac,
+                self.pg0.remote_hosts[ii].ip4,
+            ).add_vpp_config()
+        self.vapi.ip_neighbor_config(
+            af=vaf.ADDRESS_IP4, max_number=200, max_age=0, recycle=False
+        )
 
         self.virtual_sleep(10)
-        self.assertTrue(find_nbr(self,
-                                 self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                 self.pg0.remote_hosts[0].ip4))
+        self.assertTrue(
+            find_nbr(self, self.pg0.sw_if_index, self.pg0.remote_hosts[0].ip4)
+        )
 
 
 class NeighborReplaceTestCase(VppTestCase):
-    """ ARP/ND Replacement """
+    """ARP/ND Replacement"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -2222,7 +2419,7 @@ class NeighborReplaceTestCase(VppTestCase):
             i.admin_down()
 
     def test_replace(self):
-        """ replace """
+        """replace"""
 
         N_HOSTS = 16
 
@@ -2237,26 +2434,24 @@ class NeighborReplaceTestCase(VppTestCase):
 
         for i in self.pg_interfaces:
             for h in range(N_HOSTS):
-                self.assertFalse(find_nbr(self,
-                                          self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                          self.pg0.remote_hosts[h].ip4))
-                self.assertFalse(find_nbr(self,
-                                          self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                          self.pg0.remote_hosts[h].ip6))
+                self.assertFalse(
+                    find_nbr(self, self.pg0.sw_if_index, self.pg0.remote_hosts[h].ip4)
+                )
+                self.assertFalse(
+                    find_nbr(self, self.pg0.sw_if_index, self.pg0.remote_hosts[h].ip6)
+                )
 
         #
         # and them all back via the API
         #
         for i in self.pg_interfaces:
             for h in range(N_HOSTS):
-                VppNeighbor(self,
-                            i.sw_if_index,
-                            i.remote_hosts[h].mac,
-                            i.remote_hosts[h].ip4).add_vpp_config()
-                VppNeighbor(self,
-                            i.sw_if_index,
-                            i.remote_hosts[h].mac,
-                            i.remote_hosts[h].ip6).add_vpp_config()
+                VppNeighbor(
+                    self, i.sw_if_index, i.remote_hosts[h].mac, i.remote_hosts[h].ip4
+                ).add_vpp_config()
+                VppNeighbor(
+                    self, i.sw_if_index, i.remote_hosts[h].mac, i.remote_hosts[h].ip6
+                ).add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # begin the replacement again, this time touch some
@@ -2266,14 +2461,18 @@ class NeighborReplaceTestCase(VppTestCase):
 
         # update from the API all neighbours on pg1
         for h in range(N_HOSTS):
-            VppNeighbor(self,
-                        self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                        self.pg1.remote_hosts[h].mac,
-                        self.pg1.remote_hosts[h].ip4).add_vpp_config()
-            VppNeighbor(self,
-                        self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                        self.pg1.remote_hosts[h].mac,
-                        self.pg1.remote_hosts[h].ip6).add_vpp_config()
+            VppNeighbor(
+                self,
+                self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+                self.pg1.remote_hosts[h].mac,
+                self.pg1.remote_hosts[h].ip4,
+            ).add_vpp_config()
+            VppNeighbor(
+                self,
+                self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+                self.pg1.remote_hosts[h].mac,
+                self.pg1.remote_hosts[h].ip6,
+            ).add_vpp_config()
 
         # update from the data-plane all neighbours on pg3
         self.pg3.configure_ipv4_neighbors()
@@ -2287,25 +2486,25 @@ class NeighborReplaceTestCase(VppTestCase):
             if i == self.pg1 or i == self.pg3:
                 # neighbours on pg1 and pg3 are still present
                 for h in range(N_HOSTS):
-                    self.assertTrue(find_nbr(self,
-                                             i.sw_if_index,
-                                             i.remote_hosts[h].ip4))
-                    self.assertTrue(find_nbr(self,
-                                             i.sw_if_index,
-                                             i.remote_hosts[h].ip6))
+                    self.assertTrue(
+                        find_nbr(self, i.sw_if_index, i.remote_hosts[h].ip4)
+                    )
+                    self.assertTrue(
+                        find_nbr(self, i.sw_if_index, i.remote_hosts[h].ip6)
+                    )
             else:
                 # all other neighbours are toast
                 for h in range(N_HOSTS):
-                    self.assertFalse(find_nbr(self,
-                                              i.sw_if_index,
-                                              i.remote_hosts[h].ip4))
-                    self.assertFalse(find_nbr(self,
-                                              i.sw_if_index,
-                                              i.remote_hosts[h].ip6))
+                    self.assertFalse(
+                        find_nbr(self, i.sw_if_index, i.remote_hosts[h].ip4)
+                    )
+                    self.assertFalse(
+                        find_nbr(self, i.sw_if_index, i.remote_hosts[h].ip6)
+                    )
 
 
 class NeighborFlush(VppTestCase):
-    """ Neighbor Flush """
+    """Neighbor Flush"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -2336,7 +2535,7 @@ class NeighborFlush(VppTestCase):
             i.admin_down()
 
     def test_flush(self):
-        """ Neighbour Flush """
+        """Neighbour Flush"""
 
         e = VppEnum
         nf = e.vl_api_ip_neighbor_flags_t
@@ -2349,72 +2548,88 @@ class NeighborFlush(VppTestCase):
         for s in static:
             # a few v4 and v6 dynamic neoghbors
             for n in range(N_HOSTS):
-                VppNeighbor(self,
-                            self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                            self.pg0.remote_hosts[n].mac,
-                            self.pg0.remote_hosts[n].ip4,
-                            is_static=s).add_vpp_config()
-                VppNeighbor(self,
-                            self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                            self.pg1.remote_hosts[n].mac,
-                            self.pg1.remote_hosts[n].ip6,
-                            is_static=s).add_vpp_config()
+                VppNeighbor(
+                    self,
+                    self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+                    self.pg0.remote_hosts[n].mac,
+                    self.pg0.remote_hosts[n].ip4,
+                    is_static=s,
+                ).add_vpp_config()
+                VppNeighbor(
+                    self,
+                    self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+                    self.pg1.remote_hosts[n].mac,
+                    self.pg1.remote_hosts[n].ip6,
+                    is_static=s,
+                ).add_vpp_config()
 
             # flush the interfaces individually
             self.vapi.ip_neighbor_flush(af.ADDRESS_IP4, self.pg0.sw_if_index)
 
             # check we haven't flushed that which we shouldn't
             for n in range(N_HOSTS):
-                self.assertTrue(find_nbr(self,
-                                         self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                         self.pg1.remote_hosts[n].ip6,
-                                         is_static=s))
+                self.assertTrue(
+                    find_nbr(
+                        self,
+                        self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+                        self.pg1.remote_hosts[n].ip6,
+                        is_static=s,
+                    )
+                )
 
             self.vapi.ip_neighbor_flush(af.ADDRESS_IP6, self.pg1.sw_if_index)
 
             for n in range(N_HOSTS):
-                self.assertFalse(find_nbr(self,
-                                          self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                          self.pg0.remote_hosts[n].ip4))
-                self.assertFalse(find_nbr(self,
-                                          self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                          self.pg1.remote_hosts[n].ip6))
+                self.assertFalse(
+                    find_nbr(self, self.pg0.sw_if_index, self.pg0.remote_hosts[n].ip4)
+                )
+                self.assertFalse(
+                    find_nbr(self, self.pg1.sw_if_index, self.pg1.remote_hosts[n].ip6)
+                )
 
             # add the nieghbours back
             for n in range(N_HOSTS):
-                VppNeighbor(self,
-                            self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                            self.pg0.remote_hosts[n].mac,
-                            self.pg0.remote_hosts[n].ip4,
-                            is_static=s).add_vpp_config()
-                VppNeighbor(self,
-                            self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                            self.pg1.remote_hosts[n].mac,
-                            self.pg1.remote_hosts[n].ip6,
-                            is_static=s).add_vpp_config()
+                VppNeighbor(
+                    self,
+                    self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+                    self.pg0.remote_hosts[n].mac,
+                    self.pg0.remote_hosts[n].ip4,
+                    is_static=s,
+                ).add_vpp_config()
+                VppNeighbor(
+                    self,
+                    self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+                    self.pg1.remote_hosts[n].mac,
+                    self.pg1.remote_hosts[n].ip6,
+                    is_static=s,
+                ).add_vpp_config()
 
             self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh ip neighbor"))
 
             # flush both interfaces at the same time
-            self.vapi.ip_neighbor_flush(af.ADDRESS_IP6, 0xffffffff)
+            self.vapi.ip_neighbor_flush(af.ADDRESS_IP6, 0xFFFFFFFF)
 
             # check we haven't flushed that which we shouldn't
             for n in range(N_HOSTS):
-                self.assertTrue(find_nbr(self,
-                                         self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                         self.pg0.remote_hosts[n].ip4,
-                                         is_static=s))
+                self.assertTrue(
+                    find_nbr(
+                        self,
+                        self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+                        self.pg0.remote_hosts[n].ip4,
+                        is_static=s,
+                    )
+                )
 
-            self.vapi.ip_neighbor_flush(af.ADDRESS_IP4, 0xffffffff)
+            self.vapi.ip_neighbor_flush(af.ADDRESS_IP4, 0xFFFFFFFF)
 
             for n in range(N_HOSTS):
-                self.assertFalse(find_nbr(self,
-                                          self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                          self.pg0.remote_hosts[n].ip4))
-                self.assertFalse(find_nbr(self,
-                                          self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                          self.pg1.remote_hosts[n].ip6))
+                self.assertFalse(
+                    find_nbr(self, self.pg0.sw_if_index, self.pg0.remote_hosts[n].ip4)
+                )
+                self.assertFalse(
+                    find_nbr(self, self.pg1.sw_if_index, self.pg1.remote_hosts[n].ip6)
+                )
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_node_variants.py b/test/test_node_variants.py
index 3632910e3cb..a5c9137f9ba 100644
--- a/test/test_node_variants.py
+++ b/test/test_node_variants.py
@@ -13,15 +13,14 @@ def skipVariant(variant):
     with open("/proc/cpuinfo") as f:
         cpuinfo = f.read()
 
-    exp = re.compile(
-        r'(?:flags\s+:)(?:\s\w+)+(?:\s(' + variant + r'))(?:\s\w+)+')
+    exp = re.compile(r"(?:flags\s+:)(?:\s\w+)+(?:\s(" + variant + r"))(?:\s\w+)+")
     match = exp.search(cpuinfo, re.DOTALL | re.MULTILINE)
 
     return checkX86() and match is not None
 
 
 class TestNodeVariant(VppTestCase):
-    """ Test Node Variants """
+    """Test Node Variants"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpConstants(cls, variant):
@@ -30,9 +29,10 @@ class TestNodeVariant(VppTestCase):
 
         if checkX86():
             node_variants = cls.vpp_cmdline.index("node { ") + 1
-            cls.vpp_cmdline[node_variants] = ("default { variant default } "
-                                              "ip4-rewrite { variant " +
-                                              variant + " } ")
+            cls.vpp_cmdline[node_variants] = (
+                "default { variant default } "
+                "ip4-rewrite { variant " + variant + " } "
+            )
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -52,13 +52,14 @@ class TestNodeVariant(VppTestCase):
         node_desc = self.vapi.cli("show node " + node)
         self.logger.info(node_desc)
 
-        match = re.search(r'\s+(\S+)\s+(\d+)\s+(:?yes)',
-                          node_desc, re.DOTALL | re.MULTILINE)
+        match = re.search(
+            r"\s+(\S+)\s+(\d+)\s+(:?yes)", node_desc, re.DOTALL | re.MULTILINE
+        )
 
         return match.groups(0)
 
     def checkVariant(self, variant):
-        """ Test node variants defaults """
+        """Test node variants defaults"""
 
         variant_info = self.getActiveVariant("ip4-lookup")
         self.assertEqual(variant_info[0], "default")
@@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ class TestNodeVariant(VppTestCase):
 
 
 class TestICLVariant(TestNodeVariant):
-    """ Test icl Node Variants """
+    """Test icl Node Variants"""
 
     VARIANT = "icl"
     LINUX_VARIANT = "avx512_bitalg"
@@ -85,14 +86,15 @@ class TestICLVariant(TestNodeVariant):
     def tearDownClass(cls):
         super(TestICLVariant, cls).tearDownClass()
 
-    @unittest.skipUnless(skipVariant(LINUX_VARIANT),
-                         VARIANT + " not a supported variant, skip.")
+    @unittest.skipUnless(
+        skipVariant(LINUX_VARIANT), VARIANT + " not a supported variant, skip."
+    )
     def test_icl(self):
         self.checkVariant(self.VARIANT)
 
 
 class TestSKXVariant(TestNodeVariant):
-    """ Test skx Node Variants """
+    """Test skx Node Variants"""
 
     VARIANT = "skx"
     LINUX_VARIANT = "avx512f"
@@ -109,14 +111,15 @@ class TestSKXVariant(TestNodeVariant):
     def tearDownClass(cls):
         super(TestSKXVariant, cls).tearDownClass()
 
-    @unittest.skipUnless(skipVariant(LINUX_VARIANT),
-                         VARIANT + " not a supported variant, skip.")
+    @unittest.skipUnless(
+        skipVariant(LINUX_VARIANT), VARIANT + " not a supported variant, skip."
+    )
     def test_skx(self):
         self.checkVariant(self.VARIANT)
 
 
 class TestHSWVariant(TestNodeVariant):
-    """ Test avx2 Node Variants """
+    """Test avx2 Node Variants"""
 
     VARIANT = "hsw"
     LINUX_VARIANT = "avx2"
@@ -133,7 +136,8 @@ class TestHSWVariant(TestNodeVariant):
     def tearDownClass(cls):
         super(TestHSWVariant, cls).tearDownClass()
 
-    @unittest.skipUnless(skipVariant(LINUX_VARIANT),
-                         VARIANT + " not a supported variant, skip.")
+    @unittest.skipUnless(
+        skipVariant(LINUX_VARIANT), VARIANT + " not a supported variant, skip."
+    )
     def test_hsw(self):
         self.checkVariant(self.VARIANT)
diff --git a/test/test_offload.py b/test/test_offload.py
index ae5a5b3c6dc..d84f8ba63c0 100644
--- a/test/test_offload.py
+++ b/test/test_offload.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from vpp_ip_route import VppIpTable, VppIpRoute, VppRoutePath
 
 
 class TestOffload(VppTestCase):
-    """ Offload Unit Test Cases """
+    """Offload Unit Test Cases"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -24,52 +24,55 @@ class TestOffload(VppTestCase):
         super(TestOffload, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_offload_unittest(self):
-        """ Checksum Offload Test """
-        cmds = ["loop create",
-                "set int ip address loop0 11.22.33.1/24",
-                "set int state loop0 up",
-                "loop create",
-                "set int ip address loop1 11.22.34.1/24",
-                "set int state loop1 up",
-                "set ip neighbor loop1 11.22.34.44 03:00:11:22:34:44",
-                "packet-generator new {\n"
-                "  name s0\n"
-                "  limit 100\n"
-                "  size 128-128\n"
-                "  interface loop0\n"
-                "  tx-interface loop1\n"
-                "  node loop1-output\n"
-                "  buffer-flags ip4 offload\n"
-                "  buffer-offload-flags offload-ip-cksum offload-udp-cksum\n"
-                "  data {\n"
-                "    IP4: 1.2.3 -> dead.0000.0001\n"
-                "    UDP: 11.22.33.44 -> 11.22.34.44\n"
-                "      ttl 2 checksum 13\n"
-                "    UDP: 1234 -> 2345\n"
-                "      checksum 11\n"
-                "    incrementing 114\n"
-                "  }\n"
-                "}",
-                "trace add pg-input 1",
-                "pa en",
-                "show error"]
+        """Checksum Offload Test"""
+        cmds = [
+            "loop create",
+            "set int ip address loop0 11.22.33.1/24",
+            "set int state loop0 up",
+            "loop create",
+            "set int ip address loop1 11.22.34.1/24",
+            "set int state loop1 up",
+            "set ip neighbor loop1 11.22.34.44 03:00:11:22:34:44",
+            "packet-generator new {\n"
+            "  name s0\n"
+            "  limit 100\n"
+            "  size 128-128\n"
+            "  interface loop0\n"
+            "  tx-interface loop1\n"
+            "  node loop1-output\n"
+            "  buffer-flags ip4 offload\n"
+            "  buffer-offload-flags offload-ip-cksum offload-udp-cksum\n"
+            "  data {\n"
+            "    IP4: 1.2.3 -> dead.0000.0001\n"
+            "    UDP: 11.22.33.44 -> 11.22.34.44\n"
+            "      ttl 2 checksum 13\n"
+            "    UDP: 1234 -> 2345\n"
+            "      checksum 11\n"
+            "    incrementing 114\n"
+            "  }\n"
+            "}",
+            "trace add pg-input 1",
+            "pa en",
+            "show error",
+        ]
 
         for cmd in cmds:
             r = self.vapi.cli_return_response(cmd)
             if r.retval != 0:
-                if hasattr(r, 'reply'):
+                if hasattr(r, "reply"):
                     self.logger.info(cmd + " FAIL reply " + r.reply)
                 else:
                     self.logger.info(cmd + " FAIL retval " + str(r.retval))
 
         r = self.vapi.cli_return_response("show trace")
         self.assertTrue(r.retval == 0)
-        self.assertTrue(hasattr(r, 'reply'))
+        self.assertTrue(hasattr(r, "reply"))
         rv = r.reply
-        look_here = rv.find('ethernet-input')
+        look_here = rv.find("ethernet-input")
         self.assertFalse(look_here == -1)
-        bad_checksum_index = rv[look_here:].find('should be')
+        bad_checksum_index = rv[look_here:].find("should be")
         self.assertTrue(bad_checksum_index == -1)
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_p2p_ethernet.py b/test/test_p2p_ethernet.py
index fb55a365bee..97cd7b4f0bd 100644
--- a/test/test_p2p_ethernet.py
+++ b/test/test_p2p_ethernet.py
@@ -41,8 +41,7 @@ class P2PEthernetAPI(VppTestCase):
         self.p2p_sub_ifs.append(p2p)
 
     def delete_p2p_ethernet(self, parent_if, remote_mac):
-        self.vapi.p2p_ethernet_del(parent_if.sw_if_index,
-                                   mac_pton(remote_mac))
+        self.vapi.p2p_ethernet_del(parent_if.sw_if_index, mac_pton(remote_mac))
 
     def test_api(self):
         """delete/create p2p subif"""
@@ -52,22 +51,22 @@ class P2PEthernetAPI(VppTestCase):
         self.create_p2p_ethernet(self.pg0, 2, "de:ad:00:00:00:02")
         intfs = self.vapi.cli("show interface")
 
-        self.assertIn('pg0.1', intfs)
-        self.assertIn('pg0.2', intfs)
-        self.assertNotIn('pg0.5', intfs)
+        self.assertIn("pg0.1", intfs)
+        self.assertIn("pg0.2", intfs)
+        self.assertNotIn("pg0.5", intfs)
 
         # create pg2.5 subif
         self.create_p2p_ethernet(self.pg0, 5, "de:ad:00:00:00:ff")
         intfs = self.vapi.cli("show interface")
-        self.assertIn('pg0.5', intfs)
+        self.assertIn("pg0.5", intfs)
         # delete pg2.5 subif
         self.delete_p2p_ethernet(self.pg0, "de:ad:00:00:00:ff")
 
         intfs = self.vapi.cli("show interface")
 
-        self.assertIn('pg0.1', intfs)
-        self.assertIn('pg0.2', intfs)
-        self.assertNotIn('pg0.5', intfs)
+        self.assertIn("pg0.1", intfs)
+        self.assertIn("pg0.2", intfs)
+        self.assertNotIn("pg0.5", intfs)
 
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_FINISH_0000")
 
@@ -79,22 +78,20 @@ class P2PEthernetAPI(VppTestCase):
         clients = 1000
         mac = int("dead00000000", 16)
 
-        for i in range(1, clients+1):
+        for i in range(1, clients + 1):
             try:
-                macs.append(':'.join(re.findall('..', '{:02x}'.format(
-                    mac+i))))
-                self.vapi.p2p_ethernet_add(self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                                           mac_pton(macs[i-1]),
-                                           i)
+                macs.append(":".join(re.findall("..", "{:02x}".format(mac + i))))
+                self.vapi.p2p_ethernet_add(
+                    self.pg2.sw_if_index, mac_pton(macs[i - 1]), i
+                )
             except Exception:
-                self.logger.info("Failed to create subif %d %s" % (
-                    i, macs[i-1]))
+                self.logger.info("Failed to create subif %d %s" % (i, macs[i - 1]))
                 raise
 
         intfs = self.vapi.cli("show interface").split("\n")
         count = 0
         for intf in intfs:
-            if intf.startswith('pg2.'):
+            if intf.startswith("pg2."):
                 count += 1
         self.assertEqual(count, clients)
 
@@ -138,11 +135,11 @@ class P2PEthernetIPV6(VppTestCase):
         for p in self.packets:
             self.packets.remove(p)
         self.p2p_sub_ifs.append(
-            self.create_p2p_ethernet(self.pg0, 1,
-                                     self.pg0._remote_hosts[0].mac))
+            self.create_p2p_ethernet(self.pg0, 1, self.pg0._remote_hosts[0].mac)
+        )
         self.p2p_sub_ifs.append(
-            self.create_p2p_ethernet(self.pg0, 2,
-                                     self.pg0._remote_hosts[1].mac))
+            self.create_p2p_ethernet(self.pg0, 2, self.pg0._remote_hosts[1].mac)
+        )
         self.vapi.cli("trace add p2p-ethernet-input 50")
 
     def tearDown(self):
@@ -162,17 +159,17 @@ class P2PEthernetIPV6(VppTestCase):
     def delete_p2p_ethernet(self, p2p):
         p2p.unconfig_ip6()
         p2p.admin_down()
-        self.vapi.p2p_ethernet_del(p2p.parent.sw_if_index,
-                                   p2p.p2p_remote_mac)
+        self.vapi.p2p_ethernet_del(p2p.parent.sw_if_index, p2p.p2p_remote_mac)
 
-    def create_stream(self, src_mac=None, dst_mac=None,
-                      src_ip=None, dst_ip=None, size=None):
+    def create_stream(
+        self, src_mac=None, dst_mac=None, src_ip=None, dst_ip=None, size=None
+    ):
         pkt_size = size
         if size is None:
             pkt_size = random.choice(self.pg_if_packet_sizes)
         p = Ether(src=src_mac, dst=dst_mac)
         p /= IPv6(src=src_ip, dst=dst_ip)
-        p /= (UDP(sport=1234, dport=4321) / Raw(b'\xa5' * 20))
+        p /= UDP(sport=1234, dport=4321) / Raw(b"\xa5" * 20)
         self.extend_packet(p, pkt_size)
         return p
 
@@ -191,16 +188,22 @@ class P2PEthernetIPV6(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_START_0001")
 
         self.pg0.config_ip6()
-        route_8000 = VppIpRoute(self, "8000::", 64,
-                                [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                                              self.pg0.sw_if_index)])
+        route_8000 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "8000::",
+            64,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip6, self.pg0.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         route_8000.add_vpp_config()
 
-        self.packets = [(Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac,
-                               src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-                         IPv6(src="3001::1", dst="8000::100") /
-                         UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                         Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))]
+        self.packets = [
+            (
+                Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+                / IPv6(src="3001::1", dst="8000::100")
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
+        ]
         self.send_packets(self.pg1, self.pg0)
 
         self.pg0.unconfig_ip6()
@@ -210,19 +213,25 @@ class P2PEthernetIPV6(VppTestCase):
         """receive ipv6 packet via p2p subinterface"""
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_START_0002")
 
-        route_9001 = VppIpRoute(self, "9001::", 64,
-                                [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                                              self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
+        route_9001 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "9001::",
+            64,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6, self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         route_9001.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.packets.append(
-            self.create_stream(src_mac=self.pg0._remote_hosts[0].mac,
-                               dst_mac=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                               src_ip=self.p2p_sub_ifs[0].remote_ip6,
-                               dst_ip="9001::100"))
+            self.create_stream(
+                src_mac=self.pg0._remote_hosts[0].mac,
+                dst_mac=self.pg0.local_mac,
+                src_ip=self.p2p_sub_ifs[0].remote_ip6,
+                dst_ip="9001::100",
+            )
+        )
 
         self.send_packets(self.pg0, self.pg1, self.packets)
-        self.assert_packet_counter_equal('p2p-ethernet-input', 1)
+        self.assert_packet_counter_equal("p2p-ethernet-input", 1)
 
         route_9001.remove_vpp_config()
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_FINISH_0002")
@@ -233,16 +242,22 @@ class P2PEthernetIPV6(VppTestCase):
 
         self.pg0.config_ip6()
 
-        route_3 = VppIpRoute(self, "9000::", 64,
-                             [VppRoutePath(self.pg1._remote_hosts[0].ip6,
-                                           self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
+        route_3 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "9000::",
+            64,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1._remote_hosts[0].ip6, self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         route_3.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.packets.append(
-            self.create_stream(src_mac="02:03:00:00:ff:ff",
-                               dst_mac=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                               src_ip="a000::100",
-                               dst_ip="9000::100"))
+            self.create_stream(
+                src_mac="02:03:00:00:ff:ff",
+                dst_mac=self.pg0.local_mac,
+                src_ip="a000::100",
+                dst_ip="9000::100",
+            )
+        )
 
         self.send_packets(self.pg0, self.pg1)
 
@@ -256,16 +271,22 @@ class P2PEthernetIPV6(VppTestCase):
         """drop rx packet not matching p2p subinterface"""
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_START_0004")
 
-        route_9001 = VppIpRoute(self, "9000::", 64,
-                                [VppRoutePath(self.pg1._remote_hosts[0].ip6,
-                                              self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
+        route_9001 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "9000::",
+            64,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1._remote_hosts[0].ip6, self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         route_9001.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.packets.append(
-            self.create_stream(src_mac="02:03:00:00:ff:ff",
-                               dst_mac=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                               src_ip="a000::100",
-                               dst_ip="9000::100"))
+            self.create_stream(
+                src_mac="02:03:00:00:ff:ff",
+                dst_mac=self.pg0.local_mac,
+                src_ip="a000::100",
+                dst_ip="9000::100",
+            )
+        )
 
         # no packet received
         self.send_packets(self.pg0, self.pg1, count=0)
@@ -277,27 +298,45 @@ class P2PEthernetIPV6(VppTestCase):
 
         self.pg0.config_ip6()
 
-        route_8000 = VppIpRoute(self, "8000::", 64,
-                                [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_hosts[0].ip6,
-                                              self.pg0.sw_if_index)])
+        route_8000 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "8000::",
+            64,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_hosts[0].ip6, self.pg0.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         route_8000.add_vpp_config()
-        route_8001 = VppIpRoute(self, "8001::", 64,
-                                [VppRoutePath(
-                                    self.p2p_sub_ifs[0].remote_ip6,
-                                    self.p2p_sub_ifs[0].sw_if_index)])
+        route_8001 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "8001::",
+            64,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.p2p_sub_ifs[0].remote_ip6, self.p2p_sub_ifs[0].sw_if_index
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route_8001.add_vpp_config()
-        route_8002 = VppIpRoute(self, "8002::", 64,
-                                [VppRoutePath(
-                                    self.p2p_sub_ifs[1].remote_ip6,
-                                    self.p2p_sub_ifs[1].sw_if_index)])
+        route_8002 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "8002::",
+            64,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.p2p_sub_ifs[1].remote_ip6, self.p2p_sub_ifs[1].sw_if_index
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route_8002.add_vpp_config()
 
         for i in range(0, 3):
             self.packets.append(
-                self.create_stream(src_mac=self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                                   dst_mac=self.pg1.local_mac,
-                                   src_ip=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                                   dst_ip="800%d::100" % i))
+                self.create_stream(
+                    src_mac=self.pg1.remote_mac,
+                    dst_mac=self.pg1.local_mac,
+                    src_ip=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
+                    dst_ip="800%d::100" % i,
+                )
+            )
 
         self.send_packets(self.pg1, self.pg0, count=3)
 
@@ -313,10 +352,13 @@ class P2PEthernetIPV6(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_START_0006")
 
         self.packets.append(
-            self.create_stream(src_mac="02:03:00:00:ff:ff",
-                               dst_mac=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                               src_ip="a000::100",
-                               dst_ip="9000::100"))
+            self.create_stream(
+                src_mac="02:03:00:00:ff:ff",
+                dst_mac=self.pg0.local_mac,
+                src_ip="a000::100",
+                dst_ip="9000::100",
+            )
+        )
 
         # no packet received
         self.send_packets(self.pg0, self.pg1, count=0)
@@ -360,11 +402,11 @@ class P2PEthernetIPV4(VppTestCase):
         for p in self.packets:
             self.packets.remove(p)
         self.p2p_sub_ifs.append(
-            self.create_p2p_ethernet(self.pg0, 1,
-                                     self.pg0._remote_hosts[0].mac))
+            self.create_p2p_ethernet(self.pg0, 1, self.pg0._remote_hosts[0].mac)
+        )
         self.p2p_sub_ifs.append(
-            self.create_p2p_ethernet(self.pg0, 2,
-                                     self.pg0._remote_hosts[1].mac))
+            self.create_p2p_ethernet(self.pg0, 2, self.pg0._remote_hosts[1].mac)
+        )
         self.vapi.cli("trace add p2p-ethernet-input 50")
 
     def tearDown(self):
@@ -373,14 +415,15 @@ class P2PEthernetIPV4(VppTestCase):
             self.delete_p2p_ethernet(p2p)
         super(P2PEthernetIPV4, self).tearDown()
 
-    def create_stream(self, src_mac=None, dst_mac=None,
-                      src_ip=None, dst_ip=None, size=None):
+    def create_stream(
+        self, src_mac=None, dst_mac=None, src_ip=None, dst_ip=None, size=None
+    ):
         pkt_size = size
         if size is None:
             pkt_size = random.choice(self.pg_if_packet_sizes)
         p = Ether(src=src_mac, dst=dst_mac)
         p /= IP(src=src_ip, dst=dst_ip)
-        p /= (UDP(sport=1234, dport=4321) / Raw(b'\xa5' * 20))
+        p /= UDP(sport=1234, dport=4321) / Raw(b"\xa5" * 20)
         self.extend_packet(p, pkt_size)
         return p
 
@@ -403,27 +446,32 @@ class P2PEthernetIPV4(VppTestCase):
     def delete_p2p_ethernet(self, p2p):
         p2p.unconfig_ip4()
         p2p.admin_down()
-        self.vapi.p2p_ethernet_del(p2p.parent.sw_if_index,
-                                   p2p.p2p_remote_mac)
+        self.vapi.p2p_ethernet_del(p2p.parent.sw_if_index, p2p.p2p_remote_mac)
 
     def test_ip4_rx_p2p_subif(self):
         """receive ipv4 packet via p2p subinterface"""
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_START_0002")
 
-        route_9000 = VppIpRoute(self, "9.0.0.0", 16,
-                                [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                              self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
+        route_9000 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "9.0.0.0",
+            16,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4, self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         route_9000.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.packets.append(
-            self.create_stream(src_mac=self.pg0._remote_hosts[0].mac,
-                               dst_mac=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                               src_ip=self.p2p_sub_ifs[0].remote_ip4,
-                               dst_ip="9.0.0.100"))
+            self.create_stream(
+                src_mac=self.pg0._remote_hosts[0].mac,
+                dst_mac=self.pg0.local_mac,
+                src_ip=self.p2p_sub_ifs[0].remote_ip4,
+                dst_ip="9.0.0.100",
+            )
+        )
 
         self.send_packets(self.pg0, self.pg1, self.packets)
 
-        self.assert_packet_counter_equal('p2p-ethernet-input', 1)
+        self.assert_packet_counter_equal("p2p-ethernet-input", 1)
 
         route_9000.remove_vpp_config()
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_FINISH_0002")
@@ -432,16 +480,22 @@ class P2PEthernetIPV4(VppTestCase):
         """route rx packet not matching p2p subinterface"""
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_START_0003")
 
-        route_9001 = VppIpRoute(self, "9.0.0.0", 24,
-                                [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                              self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
+        route_9001 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "9.0.0.0",
+            24,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4, self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         route_9001.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.packets.append(
-            self.create_stream(src_mac="02:01:00:00:ff:ff",
-                               dst_mac=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                               src_ip="8.0.0.100",
-                               dst_ip="9.0.0.100"))
+            self.create_stream(
+                src_mac="02:01:00:00:ff:ff",
+                dst_mac=self.pg0.local_mac,
+                src_ip="8.0.0.100",
+                dst_ip="9.0.0.100",
+            )
+        )
 
         self.send_packets(self.pg0, self.pg1)
 
@@ -453,28 +507,51 @@ class P2PEthernetIPV4(VppTestCase):
         """send ip4 packet via p2p subinterface"""
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_START_0005")
 
-        route_9100 = VppIpRoute(self, "9.1.0.100", 24,
-                                [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                              self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                              )])
+        route_9100 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "9.1.0.100",
+            24,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                    self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route_9100.add_vpp_config()
-        route_9200 = VppIpRoute(self, "9.2.0.100", 24,
-                                [VppRoutePath(self.p2p_sub_ifs[0].remote_ip4,
-                                              self.p2p_sub_ifs[0].sw_if_index,
-                                              )])
+        route_9200 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "9.2.0.100",
+            24,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.p2p_sub_ifs[0].remote_ip4,
+                    self.p2p_sub_ifs[0].sw_if_index,
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route_9200.add_vpp_config()
-        route_9300 = VppIpRoute(self, "9.3.0.100", 24,
-                                [VppRoutePath(self.p2p_sub_ifs[1].remote_ip4,
-                                              self.p2p_sub_ifs[1].sw_if_index
-                                              )])
+        route_9300 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "9.3.0.100",
+            24,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.p2p_sub_ifs[1].remote_ip4, self.p2p_sub_ifs[1].sw_if_index
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route_9300.add_vpp_config()
 
         for i in range(0, 3):
             self.packets.append(
-                self.create_stream(src_mac=self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                                   dst_mac=self.pg1.local_mac,
-                                   src_ip=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                   dst_ip="9.%d.0.100" % (i+1)))
+                self.create_stream(
+                    src_mac=self.pg1.remote_mac,
+                    dst_mac=self.pg1.local_mac,
+                    src_ip=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+                    dst_ip="9.%d.0.100" % (i + 1),
+                )
+            )
 
         self.send_packets(self.pg1, self.pg0)
 
@@ -490,15 +567,18 @@ class P2PEthernetIPV4(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_START_0006")
 
         self.packets.append(
-            self.create_stream(src_mac="02:01:00:00:ff:ff",
-                               dst_mac=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                               src_ip="8.0.0.100",
-                               dst_ip="9.0.0.100"))
+            self.create_stream(
+                src_mac="02:01:00:00:ff:ff",
+                dst_mac=self.pg0.local_mac,
+                src_ip="8.0.0.100",
+                dst_ip="9.0.0.100",
+            )
+        )
 
         # no packet received
         self.send_packets(self.pg0, self.pg1, count=0)
         self.logger.info("FFP_TEST_FINISH_0006")
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_pcap.py b/test/test_pcap.py
index 5bfac523e43..7405d2e5153 100644
--- a/test/test_pcap.py
+++ b/test/test_pcap.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from vpp_ip_route import VppIpTable, VppIpRoute, VppRoutePath
 
 
 class TestPcap(VppTestCase):
-    """ Pcap Unit Test Cases """
+    """Pcap Unit Test Cases"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -24,67 +24,68 @@ class TestPcap(VppTestCase):
     def tearDown(self):
         super(TestPcap, self).tearDown()
 
-# This is a code coverage test, but it only runs for 0.3 seconds
-# might as well just run it...
+    # This is a code coverage test, but it only runs for 0.3 seconds
+    # might as well just run it...
     def test_pcap_unittest(self):
-        """ PCAP Capture Tests """
-        cmds = ["loop create",
-                "set int ip address loop0 11.22.33.1/24",
-                "set int state loop0 up",
-                "loop create",
-                "set int ip address loop1 11.22.34.1/24",
-                "set int state loop1 up",
-                "set ip neighbor loop1 11.22.34.44 03:00:11:22:34:44",
-                "packet-generator new {\n"
-                "  name s0\n"
-                "  limit 10\n"
-                "  size 128-128\n"
-                "  interface loop0\n"
-                "  tx-interface loop1\n"
-                "  node loop1-output\n"
-                "  buffer-flags ip4 offload\n"
-                "  buffer-offload-flags offload-ip-cksum offload-udp-cksum\n"
-                "  data {\n"
-                "    IP4: 1.2.3 -> dead.0000.0001\n"
-                "    UDP: 11.22.33.44 -> 11.22.34.44\n"
-                "      ttl 2 checksum 13\n"
-                "    UDP: 1234 -> 2345\n"
-                "      checksum 11\n"
-                "    incrementing 114\n"
-                "  }\n"
-                "}",
-                "pcap dispatch trace on max 100 buffer-trace pg-input 10",
-                "pa en",
-                "pcap dispatch trace off",
-                "pcap trace rx tx max 1000 intfc any",
-                "pa en",
-                "pcap trace status",
-                "pcap trace rx tx off",
-                "classify filter pcap mask l3 ip4 src "
-                "match l3 ip4 src 11.22.33.44",
-                "pcap trace rx tx max 1000 intfc any file filt.pcap filter",
-                "show cla t verbose 2",
-                "show cla t verbose",
-                "show cla t",
-                "pa en",
-                "pcap trace rx tx off",
-                "classify filter pcap del mask l3 ip4 src"]
+        """PCAP Capture Tests"""
+        cmds = [
+            "loop create",
+            "set int ip address loop0 11.22.33.1/24",
+            "set int state loop0 up",
+            "loop create",
+            "set int ip address loop1 11.22.34.1/24",
+            "set int state loop1 up",
+            "set ip neighbor loop1 11.22.34.44 03:00:11:22:34:44",
+            "packet-generator new {\n"
+            "  name s0\n"
+            "  limit 10\n"
+            "  size 128-128\n"
+            "  interface loop0\n"
+            "  tx-interface loop1\n"
+            "  node loop1-output\n"
+            "  buffer-flags ip4 offload\n"
+            "  buffer-offload-flags offload-ip-cksum offload-udp-cksum\n"
+            "  data {\n"
+            "    IP4: 1.2.3 -> dead.0000.0001\n"
+            "    UDP: 11.22.33.44 -> 11.22.34.44\n"
+            "      ttl 2 checksum 13\n"
+            "    UDP: 1234 -> 2345\n"
+            "      checksum 11\n"
+            "    incrementing 114\n"
+            "  }\n"
+            "}",
+            "pcap dispatch trace on max 100 buffer-trace pg-input 10",
+            "pa en",
+            "pcap dispatch trace off",
+            "pcap trace rx tx max 1000 intfc any",
+            "pa en",
+            "pcap trace status",
+            "pcap trace rx tx off",
+            "classify filter pcap mask l3 ip4 src match l3 ip4 src 11.22.33.44",
+            "pcap trace rx tx max 1000 intfc any file filt.pcap filter",
+            "show cla t verbose 2",
+            "show cla t verbose",
+            "show cla t",
+            "pa en",
+            "pcap trace rx tx off",
+            "classify filter pcap del mask l3 ip4 src",
+        ]
 
         for cmd in cmds:
             r = self.vapi.cli_return_response(cmd)
             if r.retval != 0:
-                if hasattr(r, 'reply'):
+                if hasattr(r, "reply"):
                     self.logger.info(cmd + " FAIL reply " + r.reply)
                 else:
                     self.logger.info(cmd + " FAIL retval " + str(r.retval))
 
-        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists('/tmp/dispatch.pcap'))
-        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists('/tmp/rxtx.pcap'))
-        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists('/tmp/filt.pcap'))
-        os.remove('/tmp/dispatch.pcap')
-        os.remove('/tmp/rxtx.pcap')
-        os.remove('/tmp/filt.pcap')
+        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists("/tmp/dispatch.pcap"))
+        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists("/tmp/rxtx.pcap"))
+        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists("/tmp/filt.pcap"))
+        os.remove("/tmp/dispatch.pcap")
+        os.remove("/tmp/rxtx.pcap")
+        os.remove("/tmp/filt.pcap")
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_pg.py b/test/test_pg.py
index 76b7fd7f1d9..f2a23e55f23 100644
--- a/test/test_pg.py
+++ b/test/test_pg.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ from framework import VppTestCase, VppTestRunner
 
 
 class TestPgTun(VppTestCase):
-    """ PG Test Case """
+    """PG Test Case"""
 
     def setUp(self):
         super(TestPgTun, self).setUp()
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class TestPgTun(VppTestCase):
         super(TestPgTun, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_pg_tun(self):
-        """ IP[46] Tunnel Mode PG """
+        """IP[46] Tunnel Mode PG"""
 
         #
         # test that we can send and receive IP encap'd packets on the
@@ -50,9 +50,11 @@ class TestPgTun(VppTestCase):
         N_PKTS = 31
 
         # v4 tun to ethernet
-        p = (IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw('0' * 48))
+        p = (
+            IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw("0" * 48)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p * N_PKTS, self.pg0)
         for rx in rxs:
@@ -60,9 +62,11 @@ class TestPgTun(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(rx[IP].dst, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
 
         # v6 tun to ethernet
-        p = (IPv6(src=self.pg2.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw('0' * 48))
+        p = (
+            IPv6(src=self.pg2.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw("0" * 48)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, p * N_PKTS, self.pg0)
         for rx in rxs:
@@ -70,10 +74,12 @@ class TestPgTun(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(rx[IPv6].dst, self.pg0.remote_ip6)
 
         # eth to v4 tun
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw('0' * 48))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw("0" * 48)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * N_PKTS, self.pg1)
         for rx in rxs:
@@ -82,10 +88,12 @@ class TestPgTun(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(rx[IP].dst, self.pg1.remote_ip4)
 
         # eth to v6 tun
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg2.remote_ip6) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw('0' * 48))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg2.remote_ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw("0" * 48)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * N_PKTS, self.pg2)
         for rx in rxs:
@@ -94,5 +102,5 @@ class TestPgTun(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(rx[IPv6].dst, self.pg2.remote_ip6)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_ping.py b/test/test_ping.py
index 8c5c087b0c5..c2eb8b75299 100644
--- a/test/test_ping.py
+++ b/test/test_ping.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Basic test for sanity check of the ping.
 
 
 class TestPing(VppTestCase):
-    """ Ping Test Case """
+    """Ping Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class TestPing(VppTestCase):
         return icmp
 
     def test_ping_basic(self):
-        """ basic ping test """
+        """basic ping test"""
         try:
             self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
             self.pg_start()
@@ -79,8 +79,9 @@ class TestPing(VppTestCase):
             icmp_id = None
             icmp_seq = 1
             for p in out:
-                icmp = self.verify_ping_request(p, self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                                                self.pg1.remote_ip4, icmp_seq)
+                icmp = self.verify_ping_request(
+                    p, self.pg1.local_ip4, self.pg1.remote_ip4, icmp_seq
+                )
                 icmp_seq = icmp_seq + 1
                 if icmp_id is None:
                     icmp_id = icmp.id
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ class TestPing(VppTestCase):
             self.vapi.cli("show error")
 
     def test_ping_burst(self):
-        """ burst ping test """
+        """burst ping test"""
         try:
             self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
             self.pg_start()
@@ -100,13 +101,14 @@ class TestPing(VppTestCase):
             ping_cmd = "ping " + remote_ip4 + " interval 0.01 burst 3"
             ret = self.vapi.cli(ping_cmd)
             self.logger.info(ret)
-            out = self.pg1.get_capture(3*5)
+            out = self.pg1.get_capture(3 * 5)
             icmp_id = None
             icmp_seq = 1
             count = 0
             for p in out:
-                icmp = self.verify_ping_request(p, self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                                                self.pg1.remote_ip4, icmp_seq)
+                icmp = self.verify_ping_request(
+                    p, self.pg1.local_ip4, self.pg1.remote_ip4, icmp_seq
+                )
                 count = count + 1
                 if count >= 3:
                     icmp_seq = icmp_seq + 1
@@ -119,7 +121,7 @@ class TestPing(VppTestCase):
             self.vapi.cli("show error")
 
     def test_ping_src(self):
-        """ ping with source address set """
+        """ping with source address set"""
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
@@ -128,17 +130,18 @@ class TestPing(VppTestCase):
 
         nbr_addr = "10.0.0.2"
         VppIpInterfaceAddress(self, self.pg1, "10.0.0.1", 24).add_vpp_config()
-        VppNeighbor(self, self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                    "00:11:22:33:44:55",
-                    nbr_addr).add_vpp_config()
+        VppNeighbor(
+            self, self.pg1.sw_if_index, "00:11:22:33:44:55", nbr_addr
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         ping_cmd = "ping %s interval 0.01 repeat 3" % self.pg1.remote_ip4
         ret = self.vapi.cli(ping_cmd)
         out = self.pg1.get_capture(3)
         icmp_seq = 1
         for p in out:
-            icmp = self.verify_ping_request(p, self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                                            self.pg1.remote_ip4, icmp_seq)
+            icmp = self.verify_ping_request(
+                p, self.pg1.local_ip4, self.pg1.remote_ip4, icmp_seq
+            )
             icmp_seq = icmp_seq + 1
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -152,7 +155,7 @@ class TestPing(VppTestCase):
             icmp_seq = icmp_seq + 1
 
     def test_ping_fib_routed_dst(self):
-        """ ping destination routed according to FIB table """
+        """ping destination routed according to FIB table"""
 
         try:
             self.pg1.generate_remote_hosts(1)
@@ -160,17 +163,19 @@ class TestPing(VppTestCase):
             self.pg_start()
             routed_dst = "10.0.2.0"
             self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show ip4 neighbors"))
-            VppIpRoute(self, routed_dst, 24,
-                       [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_hosts[0].ip4,
-                                     self.pg1.sw_if_index)]).add_vpp_config()
+            VppIpRoute(
+                self,
+                routed_dst,
+                24,
+                [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_hosts[0].ip4, self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+            ).add_vpp_config()
             ping_cmd = "ping %s interval 0.01 repeat 3" % routed_dst
             ret = self.vapi.cli(ping_cmd)
             self.logger.info(ret)
             out = self.pg1.get_capture(3)
             icmp_seq = 1
             for p in out:
-                self.verify_ping_request(p, self.pg1.local_ip4, routed_dst,
-                                         icmp_seq)
+                self.verify_ping_request(p, self.pg1.local_ip4, routed_dst, icmp_seq)
                 icmp_seq = icmp_seq + 1
         finally:
             self.vapi.cli("show error")
diff --git a/test/test_pipe.py b/test/test_pipe.py
index 937a28ef826..30540997ff6 100644
--- a/test/test_pipe.py
+++ b/test/test_pipe.py
@@ -28,20 +28,19 @@ class VppPipe(VppInterface):
     def west(self):
         return self.result.pipe_sw_if_index[0]
 
-    def __init__(self, test, instance=0xffffffff):
+    def __init__(self, test, instance=0xFFFFFFFF):
         super(VppPipe, self).__init__(test)
         self._test = test
         self.instance = instance
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
         self.result = self._test.vapi.pipe_create(
-            0 if self.instance == 0xffffffff else 1,
-            self.instance)
+            0 if self.instance == 0xFFFFFFFF else 1, self.instance
+        )
         self.set_sw_if_index(self.result.sw_if_index)
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
-        self._test.vapi.pipe_delete(
-            self.result.sw_if_index)
+        self._test.vapi.pipe_delete(self.result.sw_if_index)
 
     def object_id(self):
         return "pipe-%d" % (self._sw_if_index)
@@ -56,14 +55,16 @@ class VppPipe(VppInterface):
     def set_unnumbered(self, ip_sw_if_index, is_east, is_add=True):
         if is_east:
             res = self._test.vapi.sw_interface_set_unnumbered(
-                ip_sw_if_index, self.east, is_add)
+                ip_sw_if_index, self.east, is_add
+            )
         else:
             res = self._test.vapi.sw_interface_set_unnumbered(
-                ip_sw_if_index, self.west, is_add)
+                ip_sw_if_index, self.west, is_add
+            )
 
 
 class TestPipe(VppTestCase):
-    """ Pipes """
+    """Pipes"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ class TestPipe(VppTestCase):
         super(TestPipe, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_pipe(self):
-        """ Pipes """
+        """Pipes"""
 
         pipes = [VppPipe(self), VppPipe(self, 10)]
 
@@ -99,26 +100,26 @@ class TestPipe(VppTestCase):
         #
         # L2 cross-connect pipe0 east with pg0 and west with pg1
         #
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_xconnect(self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                               pipes[0].east,
-                                               enable=1)
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_xconnect(pipes[0].east,
-                                               self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                               enable=1)
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_xconnect(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                               pipes[0].west,
-                                               enable=1)
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_xconnect(pipes[0].west,
-                                               self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                               enable=1)
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_xconnect(
+            self.pg0.sw_if_index, pipes[0].east, enable=1
+        )
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_xconnect(
+            pipes[0].east, self.pg0.sw_if_index, enable=1
+        )
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_xconnect(
+            self.pg1.sw_if_index, pipes[0].west, enable=1
+        )
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_xconnect(
+            pipes[0].west, self.pg1.sw_if_index, enable=1
+        )
 
         # test bi-directional L2 flow pg0<->pg1
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                   dst=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src="1.1.1.1",
-                dst="1.1.1.2") /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="1.1.1.2")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * NUM_PKTS, self.pg1)
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p * NUM_PKTS, self.pg0)
@@ -126,15 +127,20 @@ class TestPipe(VppTestCase):
         #
         # Attach ACL to ensure features are run on the pipe
         #
-        rule_1 = AclRule(is_permit=0, proto=17,
-                         src_prefix=IPv4Network("1.1.1.1/32"),
-                         dst_prefix=IPv4Network("1.1.1.2/32"), ports=1234)
+        rule_1 = AclRule(
+            is_permit=0,
+            proto=17,
+            src_prefix=IPv4Network("1.1.1.1/32"),
+            dst_prefix=IPv4Network("1.1.1.2/32"),
+            ports=1234,
+        )
         acl = VppAcl(self, rules=[rule_1])
         acl.add_vpp_config()
 
         # Apply the ACL on the pipe on output
-        acl_if_e = VppAclInterface(self, sw_if_index=pipes[0].east, n_input=0,
-                                   acls=[acl])
+        acl_if_e = VppAclInterface(
+            self, sw_if_index=pipes[0].east, n_input=0, acls=[acl]
+        )
         acl_if_e.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p * NUM_PKTS)
@@ -142,8 +148,9 @@ class TestPipe(VppTestCase):
 
         # remove from output and apply on input
         acl_if_e.remove_vpp_config()
-        acl_if_w = VppAclInterface(self, sw_if_index=pipes[0].west, n_input=1,
-                                   acls=[acl])
+        acl_if_w = VppAclInterface(
+            self, sw_if_index=pipes[0].west, n_input=1, acls=[acl]
+        )
         acl_if_w.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p * NUM_PKTS)
@@ -172,30 +179,52 @@ class TestPipe(VppTestCase):
         self.pg3.resolve_arp()
 
         routes = []
-        routes.append(VppIpRoute(self, "1.1.1.1", 32,
-                                 [VppRoutePath(self.pg3.remote_ip4,
-                                               self.pg3.sw_if_index)],
-                                 table_id=2))
-        routes.append(VppIpRoute(self, "1.1.1.1", 32,
-                                 [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", pipes[1].east)],
-                                 table_id=1))
-        routes.append(VppIpRoute(self, "1.1.1.2", 32,
-                                 [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", pipes[1].west)],
-                                 table_id=2))
-        routes.append(VppIpRoute(self, "1.1.1.2", 32,
-                                 [VppRoutePath(self.pg2.remote_ip4,
-                                               self.pg2.sw_if_index)],
-                                 table_id=1))
+        routes.append(
+            VppIpRoute(
+                self,
+                "1.1.1.1",
+                32,
+                [VppRoutePath(self.pg3.remote_ip4, self.pg3.sw_if_index)],
+                table_id=2,
+            )
+        )
+        routes.append(
+            VppIpRoute(
+                self,
+                "1.1.1.1",
+                32,
+                [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", pipes[1].east)],
+                table_id=1,
+            )
+        )
+        routes.append(
+            VppIpRoute(
+                self,
+                "1.1.1.2",
+                32,
+                [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", pipes[1].west)],
+                table_id=2,
+            )
+        )
+        routes.append(
+            VppIpRoute(
+                self,
+                "1.1.1.2",
+                32,
+                [VppRoutePath(self.pg2.remote_ip4, self.pg2.sw_if_index)],
+                table_id=1,
+            )
+        )
 
         for r in routes:
             r.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p_east = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                        dst=self.pg2.local_mac) /
-                  IP(src="1.1.1.2",
-                     dst="1.1.1.1") /
-                  UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                  Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p_east = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac)
+            / IP(src="1.1.1.2", dst="1.1.1.1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         # bind the pipe ends to the correct tables
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_table(pipes[1].west, 0, 2)
@@ -211,27 +240,29 @@ class TestPipe(VppTestCase):
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, p_east * NUM_PKTS, self.pg3)
 
         # and the return path
-        p_west = (Ether(src=self.pg3.remote_mac,
-                        dst=self.pg3.local_mac) /
-                  IP(src="1.1.1.1",
-                     dst="1.1.1.2") /
-                  UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                  Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p_west = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg3.remote_mac, dst=self.pg3.local_mac)
+            / IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="1.1.1.2")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg3, p_west * NUM_PKTS, self.pg2)
 
         #
         # Use ACLs to test features run on the Pipes
         #
-        acl_if_e1 = VppAclInterface(self, sw_if_index=pipes[1].east, n_input=0,
-                                    acls=[acl])
+        acl_if_e1 = VppAclInterface(
+            self, sw_if_index=pipes[1].east, n_input=0, acls=[acl]
+        )
         acl_if_e1.add_vpp_config()
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg2, p_east * NUM_PKTS)
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg3, p_west * NUM_PKTS, self.pg2)
 
         # remove from output and apply on input
         acl_if_e1.remove_vpp_config()
-        acl_if_w1 = VppAclInterface(self, sw_if_index=pipes[1].west, n_input=1,
-                                    acls=[acl])
+        acl_if_w1 = VppAclInterface(
+            self, sw_if_index=pipes[1].west, n_input=1, acls=[acl]
+        )
         acl_if_w1.add_vpp_config()
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg2, p_east * NUM_PKTS)
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg3, p_west * NUM_PKTS, self.pg2)
@@ -249,5 +280,5 @@ class TestPipe(VppTestCase):
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_table(pipes[1].east, 0, 0)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_pnat.py b/test/test_pnat.py
index d5b60050691..faf66e6ed53 100644
--- a/test/test_pnat.py
+++ b/test/test_pnat.py
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ from vpp_papi import VppEnum
 
 
 class TestPNAT(VppTestCase):
-    """ PNAT Test Case """
+    """PNAT Test Case"""
+
     maxDiff = None
 
     @classmethod
@@ -42,147 +43,187 @@ class TestPNAT(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(rx, expected)
 
     def ping_check(self):
-        """ Verify non matching traffic works. """
+        """Verify non matching traffic works."""
         p_ether = Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
 
-        icmpecho = (IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-                    ICMP())
-        reply = (IP(src=self.pg0.local_ip4, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4) /
-                 ICMP(type='echo-reply'))
-        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_ether/icmpecho * 1, self.pg0)
+        icmpecho = IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) / ICMP()
+        reply = IP(src=self.pg0.local_ip4, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4) / ICMP(
+            type="echo-reply"
+        )
+        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_ether / icmpecho * 1, self.pg0)
         for p in rx:
             reply[IP].id = p[IP].id
             self.validate(p[1], reply)
 
     def test_pnat(self):
-        """ PNAT test """
+        """PNAT test"""
 
         PNAT_IP4_INPUT = VppEnum.vl_api_pnat_attachment_point_t.PNAT_IP4_INPUT
-        PNAT_IP4_OUTPUT = \
-            VppEnum.vl_api_pnat_attachment_point_t.PNAT_IP4_OUTPUT
+        PNAT_IP4_OUTPUT = VppEnum.vl_api_pnat_attachment_point_t.PNAT_IP4_OUTPUT
 
         tests = [
             {
-                'input': PNAT_IP4_INPUT,
-                'sw_if_index': self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                'match': {'mask': 0xa, 'dst': '10.10.10.10', 'proto': 17,
-                          'dport': 6871},
-                'rewrite': {'mask': 0x2, 'dst': self.pg1.remote_ip4},
-                'send': (IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst='10.10.10.10') /
-                         UDP(dport=6871)),
-                'reply': (IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                             dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-                          UDP(dport=6871))
+                "input": PNAT_IP4_INPUT,
+                "sw_if_index": self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+                "match": {
+                    "mask": 0xA,
+                    "dst": "10.10.10.10",
+                    "proto": 17,
+                    "dport": 6871,
+                },
+                "rewrite": {"mask": 0x2, "dst": self.pg1.remote_ip4},
+                "send": (
+                    IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="10.10.10.10") / UDP(dport=6871)
+                ),
+                "reply": (
+                    IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+                    / UDP(dport=6871)
+                ),
             },
             {
-                'input': PNAT_IP4_OUTPUT,
-                'sw_if_index': self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                'match': {'mask': 0x9, 'src': self.pg0.remote_ip4, 'proto': 17,
-                          'dport': 6871},
-                'rewrite': {'mask': 0x1, 'src': '11.11.11.11'},
-                'send': (IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-                         UDP(dport=6871)),
-                'reply': (IP(src='11.11.11.11', dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-                          UDP(dport=6871))
+                "input": PNAT_IP4_OUTPUT,
+                "sw_if_index": self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+                "match": {
+                    "mask": 0x9,
+                    "src": self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                    "proto": 17,
+                    "dport": 6871,
+                },
+                "rewrite": {"mask": 0x1, "src": "11.11.11.11"},
+                "send": (
+                    IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+                    / UDP(dport=6871)
+                ),
+                "reply": (
+                    IP(src="11.11.11.11", dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) / UDP(dport=6871)
+                ),
             },
             {
-                'input': PNAT_IP4_INPUT,
-                'sw_if_index': self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                'match': {'mask': 0xa, 'dst': '10.10.10.10', 'proto': 17,
-                          'dport': 6871},
-                'rewrite': {'mask': 0xa, 'dst': self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                            'dport': 5555},
-                'send': (IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst='10.10.10.10') /
-                         UDP(sport=65530, dport=6871)),
-                'reply': (IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                             dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-                          UDP(sport=65530, dport=5555))
+                "input": PNAT_IP4_INPUT,
+                "sw_if_index": self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+                "match": {
+                    "mask": 0xA,
+                    "dst": "10.10.10.10",
+                    "proto": 17,
+                    "dport": 6871,
+                },
+                "rewrite": {"mask": 0xA, "dst": self.pg1.remote_ip4, "dport": 5555},
+                "send": (
+                    IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="10.10.10.10")
+                    / UDP(sport=65530, dport=6871)
+                ),
+                "reply": (
+                    IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+                    / UDP(sport=65530, dport=5555)
+                ),
             },
             {
-                'input': PNAT_IP4_INPUT,
-                'sw_if_index': self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                'match': {'mask': 0xa, 'dst': self.pg1.remote_ip4, 'proto': 17,
-                          'dport': 6871},
-                'rewrite': {'mask': 0x8, 'dport': 5555},
-                'send': (IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-                         UDP(dport=6871, chksum=0)),
-                'reply': (IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                             dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-                          UDP(dport=5555, chksum=0))
+                "input": PNAT_IP4_INPUT,
+                "sw_if_index": self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+                "match": {
+                    "mask": 0xA,
+                    "dst": self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+                    "proto": 17,
+                    "dport": 6871,
+                },
+                "rewrite": {"mask": 0x8, "dport": 5555},
+                "send": (
+                    IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+                    / UDP(dport=6871, chksum=0)
+                ),
+                "reply": (
+                    IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+                    / UDP(dport=5555, chksum=0)
+                ),
             },
             {
-                'input': PNAT_IP4_INPUT,
-                'sw_if_index': self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                'match': {'mask': 0x2, 'dst': self.pg1.remote_ip4, 'proto': 1},
-                'rewrite': {'mask': 0x1, 'src': '8.8.8.8'},
-                'send': (IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-                         ICMP()),
-                'reply': IP(src='8.8.8.8', dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)/ICMP(),
+                "input": PNAT_IP4_INPUT,
+                "sw_if_index": self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+                "match": {"mask": 0x2, "dst": self.pg1.remote_ip4, "proto": 1},
+                "rewrite": {"mask": 0x1, "src": "8.8.8.8"},
+                "send": (IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) / ICMP()),
+                "reply": IP(src="8.8.8.8", dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) / ICMP(),
             },
         ]
 
         p_ether = Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
         for t in tests:
-            rv = self.vapi.pnat_binding_add(match=t['match'],
-                                            rewrite=t['rewrite'])
-            self.vapi.pnat_binding_attach(sw_if_index=t['sw_if_index'],
-                                          attachment=t['input'],
-                                          binding_index=rv.binding_index)
+            rv = self.vapi.pnat_binding_add(match=t["match"], rewrite=t["rewrite"])
+            self.vapi.pnat_binding_attach(
+                sw_if_index=t["sw_if_index"],
+                attachment=t["input"],
+                binding_index=rv.binding_index,
+            )
 
-            reply = t['reply']
+            reply = t["reply"]
             reply[IP].ttl -= 1
-            rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_ether/t['send']*1, self.pg1)
+            rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_ether / t["send"] * 1, self.pg1)
             for p in rx:
                 # p.show2()
                 self.validate(p[1], reply)
 
             self.ping_check()
 
-            self.vapi.pnat_binding_detach(sw_if_index=t['sw_if_index'],
-                                          attachment=t['input'],
-                                          binding_index=rv.binding_index)
+            self.vapi.pnat_binding_detach(
+                sw_if_index=t["sw_if_index"],
+                attachment=t["input"],
+                binding_index=rv.binding_index,
+            )
             self.vapi.pnat_binding_del(binding_index=rv.binding_index)
 
     def test_pnat_show(self):
-        """ PNAT show tests """
+        """PNAT show tests"""
 
         PNAT_IP4_INPUT = VppEnum.vl_api_pnat_attachment_point_t.PNAT_IP4_INPUT
-        PNAT_IP4_OUTPUT = \
-            VppEnum.vl_api_pnat_attachment_point_t.PNAT_IP4_OUTPUT
+        PNAT_IP4_OUTPUT = VppEnum.vl_api_pnat_attachment_point_t.PNAT_IP4_OUTPUT
 
         tests = [
             {
-                'input': PNAT_IP4_INPUT,
-                'sw_if_index': self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                'match': {'mask': 0xa, 'dst': '10.10.10.10', 'proto': 17,
-                          'dport': 6871},
-                'rewrite': {'mask': 0x2, 'dst': self.pg1.remote_ip4},
-                'send': (IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst='10.10.10.10') /
-                         UDP(dport=6871)),
-                'reply': (IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                             dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-                          UDP(dport=6871))
+                "input": PNAT_IP4_INPUT,
+                "sw_if_index": self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+                "match": {
+                    "mask": 0xA,
+                    "dst": "10.10.10.10",
+                    "proto": 17,
+                    "dport": 6871,
+                },
+                "rewrite": {"mask": 0x2, "dst": self.pg1.remote_ip4},
+                "send": (
+                    IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="10.10.10.10") / UDP(dport=6871)
+                ),
+                "reply": (
+                    IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+                    / UDP(dport=6871)
+                ),
             },
             {
-                'input': PNAT_IP4_OUTPUT,
-                'sw_if_index': self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                'match': {'mask': 0x9, 'src': self.pg0.remote_ip4, 'proto': 17,
-                          'dport': 6871},
-                'rewrite': {'mask': 0x1, 'src': '11.11.11.11'},
-                'send': (IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-                         UDP(dport=6871)),
-                'reply': (IP(src='11.11.11.11', dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-                          UDP(dport=6871))
+                "input": PNAT_IP4_OUTPUT,
+                "sw_if_index": self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+                "match": {
+                    "mask": 0x9,
+                    "src": self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+                    "proto": 17,
+                    "dport": 6871,
+                },
+                "rewrite": {"mask": 0x1, "src": "11.11.11.11"},
+                "send": (
+                    IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+                    / UDP(dport=6871)
+                ),
+                "reply": (
+                    IP(src="11.11.11.11", dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) / UDP(dport=6871)
+                ),
             },
         ]
         binding_index = []
         for t in tests:
-            rv = self.vapi.pnat_binding_add(match=t['match'],
-                                            rewrite=t['rewrite'])
+            rv = self.vapi.pnat_binding_add(match=t["match"], rewrite=t["rewrite"])
             binding_index.append(rv.binding_index)
-            self.vapi.pnat_binding_attach(sw_if_index=t['sw_if_index'],
-                                          attachment=t['input'],
-                                          binding_index=rv.binding_index)
+            self.vapi.pnat_binding_attach(
+                sw_if_index=t["sw_if_index"],
+                attachment=t["input"],
+                binding_index=rv.binding_index,
+            )
 
         rv, l = self.vapi.pnat_bindings_get()
         self.assertEqual(len(l), len(tests))
@@ -194,10 +235,13 @@ class TestPNAT(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show pnat interfaces"))
 
         for i, t in enumerate(tests):
-            self.vapi.pnat_binding_detach(sw_if_index=t['sw_if_index'],
-                                          attachment=t['input'],
-                                          binding_index=binding_index[i])
+            self.vapi.pnat_binding_detach(
+                sw_if_index=t["sw_if_index"],
+                attachment=t["input"],
+                binding_index=binding_index[i],
+            )
             self.vapi.pnat_binding_del(binding_index=binding_index[i])
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_policer.py b/test/test_policer.py
index 6b15a0234a3..01ee2b750bc 100644
--- a/test/test_policer.py
+++ b/test/test_policer.py
@@ -9,42 +9,53 @@ from vpp_policer import VppPolicer, PolicerAction
 # Default for the tests is 10s of "Green" packets at 8Mbps, ie. 10M bytes.
 # The policer helper CLI "sends" 500 byte packets, so default is 20000.
 
-TEST_RATE = 8000    # kbps
+TEST_RATE = 8000  # kbps
 TEST_BURST = 10000  # ms
 
-CIR_OK = 8500       # CIR in kbps, above test rate
-CIR_LOW = 7000      # CIR in kbps, below test rate
-EIR_OK = 9000       # EIR in kbps, above test rate
-EIR_LOW = 7500      # EIR in kbps, below test rate
+CIR_OK = 8500  # CIR in kbps, above test rate
+CIR_LOW = 7000  # CIR in kbps, below test rate
+EIR_OK = 9000  # EIR in kbps, above test rate
+EIR_LOW = 7500  # EIR in kbps, below test rate
 
 NUM_PKTS = 20000
 
-CBURST = 100000     # Committed burst in bytes
-EBURST = 200000     # Excess burst in bytes
+CBURST = 100000  # Committed burst in bytes
+EBURST = 200000  # Excess burst in bytes
 
 
 class TestPolicer(VppTestCase):
-    """ Policer Test Case """
+    """Policer Test Case"""
 
-    def run_policer_test(self, type, cir, cb, eir, eb, rate=8000, burst=10000,
-                         colour=0):
+    def run_policer_test(
+        self, type, cir, cb, eir, eb, rate=8000, burst=10000, colour=0
+    ):
         """
         Configure a Policer and push traffic through it.
         """
         types = {
-            '1R2C': 0,
-            '1R3C': 1,
-            '2R3C': 3,
+            "1R2C": 0,
+            "1R3C": 1,
+            "2R3C": 3,
         }
 
         pol_type = types.get(type)
-        policer = VppPolicer(self, "pol1", cir, eir, cb, eb, rate_type=0,
-                             type=pol_type, color_aware=colour)
+        policer = VppPolicer(
+            self,
+            "pol1",
+            cir,
+            eir,
+            cb,
+            eb,
+            rate_type=0,
+            type=pol_type,
+            color_aware=colour,
+        )
         policer.add_vpp_config()
 
         error = self.vapi.cli(
             f"test policing index {policer.policer_index} rate {rate} "
-            f"burst {burst} colour {colour}")
+            f"burst {burst} colour {colour}"
+        )
 
         stats = policer.get_stats()
         policer.remove_vpp_config()
@@ -52,66 +63,64 @@ class TestPolicer(VppTestCase):
         return stats
 
     def test_policer_1r2c(self):
-        """ Single rate, 2 colour policer """
+        """Single rate, 2 colour policer"""
         stats = self.run_policer_test("1R2C", CIR_OK, CBURST, 0, 0)
-        self.assertEqual(stats['conform_packets'], NUM_PKTS)
+        self.assertEqual(stats["conform_packets"], NUM_PKTS)
 
         stats = self.run_policer_test("1R2C", CIR_LOW, CBURST, 0, 0)
-        self.assertLess(stats['conform_packets'], NUM_PKTS)
-        self.assertEqual(stats['exceed_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertGreater(stats['violate_packets'], 0)
+        self.assertLess(stats["conform_packets"], NUM_PKTS)
+        self.assertEqual(stats["exceed_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertGreater(stats["violate_packets"], 0)
 
         stats = self.run_policer_test("1R2C", CIR_LOW, CBURST, 0, 0, colour=2)
-        self.assertEqual(stats['violate_packets'], NUM_PKTS)
+        self.assertEqual(stats["violate_packets"], NUM_PKTS)
 
     def test_policer_1r3c(self):
-        """ Single rate, 3 colour policer """
+        """Single rate, 3 colour policer"""
         stats = self.run_policer_test("1R3C", CIR_OK, CBURST, 0, 0)
-        self.assertEqual(stats['conform_packets'], NUM_PKTS)
+        self.assertEqual(stats["conform_packets"], NUM_PKTS)
 
         stats = self.run_policer_test("1R3C", CIR_LOW, CBURST, 0, EBURST)
-        self.assertLess(stats['conform_packets'], NUM_PKTS)
-        self.assertGreater(stats['exceed_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertGreater(stats['violate_packets'], 0)
+        self.assertLess(stats["conform_packets"], NUM_PKTS)
+        self.assertGreater(stats["exceed_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertGreater(stats["violate_packets"], 0)
 
-        stats = self.run_policer_test("1R3C", CIR_LOW, CBURST, 0, EBURST,
-                                      colour=1)
-        self.assertEqual(stats['conform_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertGreater(stats['exceed_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertGreater(stats['violate_packets'], 0)
+        stats = self.run_policer_test("1R3C", CIR_LOW, CBURST, 0, EBURST, colour=1)
+        self.assertEqual(stats["conform_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertGreater(stats["exceed_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertGreater(stats["violate_packets"], 0)
 
-        stats = self.run_policer_test("1R3C", CIR_LOW, CBURST, 0, EBURST,
-                                      colour=2)
-        self.assertEqual(stats['violate_packets'], NUM_PKTS)
+        stats = self.run_policer_test("1R3C", CIR_LOW, CBURST, 0, EBURST, colour=2)
+        self.assertEqual(stats["violate_packets"], NUM_PKTS)
 
     def test_policer_2r3c(self):
-        """ Dual rate, 3 colour policer """
+        """Dual rate, 3 colour policer"""
         stats = self.run_policer_test("2R3C", CIR_OK, CBURST, EIR_OK, EBURST)
-        self.assertEqual(stats['conform_packets'], NUM_PKTS)
+        self.assertEqual(stats["conform_packets"], NUM_PKTS)
 
         stats = self.run_policer_test("2R3C", CIR_LOW, CBURST, EIR_OK, EBURST)
-        self.assertLess(stats['conform_packets'], NUM_PKTS)
-        self.assertGreater(stats['exceed_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertEqual(stats['violate_packets'], 0)
+        self.assertLess(stats["conform_packets"], NUM_PKTS)
+        self.assertGreater(stats["exceed_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertEqual(stats["violate_packets"], 0)
 
         stats = self.run_policer_test("2R3C", CIR_LOW, CBURST, EIR_LOW, EBURST)
-        self.assertLess(stats['conform_packets'], NUM_PKTS)
-        self.assertGreater(stats['exceed_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertGreater(stats['violate_packets'], 0)
+        self.assertLess(stats["conform_packets"], NUM_PKTS)
+        self.assertGreater(stats["exceed_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertGreater(stats["violate_packets"], 0)
 
-        stats = self.run_policer_test("2R3C", CIR_LOW, CBURST, EIR_OK, EBURST,
-                                      colour=1)
-        self.assertEqual(stats['exceed_packets'], NUM_PKTS)
+        stats = self.run_policer_test("2R3C", CIR_LOW, CBURST, EIR_OK, EBURST, colour=1)
+        self.assertEqual(stats["exceed_packets"], NUM_PKTS)
 
-        stats = self.run_policer_test("2R3C", CIR_LOW, CBURST, EIR_LOW, EBURST,
-                                      colour=1)
-        self.assertEqual(stats['conform_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertGreater(stats['exceed_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertGreater(stats['violate_packets'], 0)
+        stats = self.run_policer_test(
+            "2R3C", CIR_LOW, CBURST, EIR_LOW, EBURST, colour=1
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(stats["conform_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertGreater(stats["exceed_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertGreater(stats["violate_packets"], 0)
 
-        stats = self.run_policer_test("2R3C", CIR_LOW, CBURST, EIR_OK, EBURST,
-                                      colour=2)
-        self.assertEqual(stats['violate_packets'], NUM_PKTS)
+        stats = self.run_policer_test("2R3C", CIR_LOW, CBURST, EIR_OK, EBURST, colour=2)
+        self.assertEqual(stats["violate_packets"], NUM_PKTS)
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_policer_input.py b/test/test_policer_input.py
index 9a4266ceb12..9d44fc1a21c 100644
--- a/test/test_policer_input.py
+++ b/test/test_policer_input.py
@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@ NUM_PKTS = 67
 
 
 class TestPolicerInput(VppTestCase):
-    """ Policer on an interface """
+    """Policer on an interface"""
+
     vpp_worker_count = 2
 
     def setUp(self):
@@ -26,11 +27,12 @@ class TestPolicerInput(VppTestCase):
             i.config_ip4()
             i.resolve_arp()
 
-        self.pkt = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                          dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                    IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-                    UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                    Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        self.pkt = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
     def tearDown(self):
         for i in self.pg_interfaces:
@@ -42,17 +44,22 @@ class TestPolicerInput(VppTestCase):
         pkts = self.pkt * NUM_PKTS
 
         action_tx = PolicerAction(
-            VppEnum.vl_api_sse2_qos_action_type_t.SSE2_QOS_ACTION_API_TRANSMIT,
-            0)
-        policer = VppPolicer(self, "pol1", 80, 0, 1000, 0,
-                             conform_action=action_tx,
-                             exceed_action=action_tx,
-                             violate_action=action_tx)
+            VppEnum.vl_api_sse2_qos_action_type_t.SSE2_QOS_ACTION_API_TRANSMIT, 0
+        )
+        policer = VppPolicer(
+            self,
+            "pol1",
+            80,
+            0,
+            1000,
+            0,
+            conform_action=action_tx,
+            exceed_action=action_tx,
+            violate_action=action_tx,
+        )
         policer.add_vpp_config()
 
-        sw_if_index = (self.pg0.sw_if_index
-                       if dir == Dir.RX
-                       else self.pg1.sw_if_index)
+        sw_if_index = self.pg0.sw_if_index if dir == Dir.RX else self.pg1.sw_if_index
 
         # Start policing on pg0
         policer.apply_vpp_config(sw_if_index, dir, True)
@@ -61,9 +68,9 @@ class TestPolicerInput(VppTestCase):
         stats = policer.get_stats()
 
         # Single rate, 2 colour policer - expect conform, violate but no exceed
-        self.assertGreater(stats['conform_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertEqual(stats['exceed_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertGreater(stats['violate_packets'], 0)
+        self.assertGreater(stats["conform_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertEqual(stats["exceed_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertGreater(stats["violate_packets"], 0)
 
         # Stop policing on pg0
         policer.apply_vpp_config(sw_if_index, dir, False)
@@ -78,28 +85,33 @@ class TestPolicerInput(VppTestCase):
         policer.remove_vpp_config()
 
     def test_policer_input(self):
-        """ Input Policing """
+        """Input Policing"""
         self.policer_interface_test(Dir.RX)
 
     def test_policer_output(self):
-        """ Output Policing """
+        """Output Policing"""
         self.policer_interface_test(Dir.TX)
 
     def policer_handoff_test(self, dir: Dir):
         pkts = self.pkt * NUM_PKTS
 
         action_tx = PolicerAction(
-            VppEnum.vl_api_sse2_qos_action_type_t.SSE2_QOS_ACTION_API_TRANSMIT,
-            0)
-        policer = VppPolicer(self, "pol2", 80, 0, 1000, 0,
-                             conform_action=action_tx,
-                             exceed_action=action_tx,
-                             violate_action=action_tx)
+            VppEnum.vl_api_sse2_qos_action_type_t.SSE2_QOS_ACTION_API_TRANSMIT, 0
+        )
+        policer = VppPolicer(
+            self,
+            "pol2",
+            80,
+            0,
+            1000,
+            0,
+            conform_action=action_tx,
+            exceed_action=action_tx,
+            violate_action=action_tx,
+        )
         policer.add_vpp_config()
 
-        sw_if_index = (self.pg0.sw_if_index
-                       if dir == Dir.RX
-                       else self.pg1.sw_if_index)
+        sw_if_index = self.pg0.sw_if_index if dir == Dir.RX else self.pg1.sw_if_index
 
         # Bind the policer to worker 1
         policer.bind_vpp_config(1, True)
@@ -119,9 +131,9 @@ class TestPolicerInput(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(stats, stats1)
 
         # Worker 0, should have handed everything off
-        self.assertEqual(stats0['conform_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertEqual(stats0['exceed_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertEqual(stats0['violate_packets'], 0)
+        self.assertEqual(stats0["conform_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertEqual(stats0["exceed_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertEqual(stats0["violate_packets"], 0)
 
         # Unbind the policer from worker 1 and repeat
         policer.bind_vpp_config(1, False)
@@ -137,19 +149,23 @@ class TestPolicerInput(VppTestCase):
         stats0 = policer.get_stats(worker=0)
         stats1 = policer.get_stats(worker=1)
 
-        self.assertGreater(stats0['conform_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertEqual(stats0['exceed_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertGreater(stats0['violate_packets'], 0)
+        self.assertGreater(stats0["conform_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertEqual(stats0["exceed_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertGreater(stats0["violate_packets"], 0)
 
-        self.assertGreater(stats1['conform_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertEqual(stats1['exceed_packets'], 0)
-        self.assertGreater(stats1['violate_packets'], 0)
+        self.assertGreater(stats1["conform_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertEqual(stats1["exceed_packets"], 0)
+        self.assertGreater(stats1["violate_packets"], 0)
 
-        self.assertEqual(stats0['conform_packets'] + stats1['conform_packets'],
-                         stats['conform_packets'])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            stats0["conform_packets"] + stats1["conform_packets"],
+            stats["conform_packets"],
+        )
 
-        self.assertEqual(stats0['violate_packets'] + stats1['violate_packets'],
-                         stats['violate_packets'])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            stats0["violate_packets"] + stats1["violate_packets"],
+            stats["violate_packets"],
+        )
 
         # Stop policing on pg0
         policer.apply_vpp_config(sw_if_index, dir, False)
@@ -157,13 +173,13 @@ class TestPolicerInput(VppTestCase):
         policer.remove_vpp_config()
 
     def test_policer_handoff_input(self):
-        """ Worker thread handoff policer input"""
+        """Worker thread handoff policer input"""
         self.policer_handoff_test(Dir.RX)
 
     def test_policer_handoff_output(self):
-        """ Worker thread handoff policer output"""
+        """Worker thread handoff policer output"""
         self.policer_handoff_test(Dir.TX)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_pppoe.py b/test/test_pppoe.py
index 99dba01cdc9..c83d7d5f874 100644
--- a/test/test_pppoe.py
+++ b/test/test_pppoe.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ from util import ppp, ppc
 
 
 class TestPPPoE(VppTestCase):
-    """ PPPoE Test Case """
+    """PPPoE Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -54,8 +54,7 @@ class TestPPPoE(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show ip fib"))
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show trace"))
 
-    def create_stream_pppoe_discovery(self, src_if, dst_if,
-                                      client_mac, count=1):
+    def create_stream_pppoe_discovery(self, src_if, dst_if, client_mac, count=1):
         packets = []
         for i in range(count):
             # create packet info stored in the test case instance
@@ -63,9 +62,11 @@ class TestPPPoE(VppTestCase):
             # convert the info into packet payload
             payload = self.info_to_payload(info)
             # create the packet itself
-            p = (Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=client_mac) /
-                 PPPoED(sessionid=0) /
-                 Raw(payload))
+            p = (
+                Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=client_mac)
+                / PPPoED(sessionid=0)
+                / Raw(payload)
+            )
             # store a copy of the packet in the packet info
             info.data = p.copy()
             # append the packet to the list
@@ -74,8 +75,7 @@ class TestPPPoE(VppTestCase):
         # return the created packet list
         return packets
 
-    def create_stream_pppoe_lcp(self, src_if, dst_if,
-                                client_mac, session_id, count=1):
+    def create_stream_pppoe_lcp(self, src_if, dst_if, client_mac, session_id, count=1):
         packets = []
         for i in range(count):
             # create packet info stored in the test case instance
@@ -83,10 +83,12 @@ class TestPPPoE(VppTestCase):
             # convert the info into packet payload
             payload = self.info_to_payload(info)
             # create the packet itself
-            p = (Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=client_mac) /
-                 PPPoE(sessionid=session_id) /
-                 PPP(proto=0xc021) /
-                 Raw(payload))
+            p = (
+                Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=client_mac)
+                / PPPoE(sessionid=session_id)
+                / PPP(proto=0xC021)
+                / Raw(payload)
+            )
             # store a copy of the packet in the packet info
             info.data = p.copy()
             # append the packet to the list
@@ -95,8 +97,9 @@ class TestPPPoE(VppTestCase):
         # return the created packet list
         return packets
 
-    def create_stream_pppoe_ip4(self, src_if, dst_if,
-                                client_mac, session_id, client_ip, count=1):
+    def create_stream_pppoe_ip4(
+        self, src_if, dst_if, client_mac, session_id, client_ip, count=1
+    ):
         packets = []
         for i in range(count):
             # create packet info stored in the test case instance
@@ -104,11 +107,13 @@ class TestPPPoE(VppTestCase):
             # convert the info into packet payload
             payload = self.info_to_payload(info)
             # create the packet itself
-            p = (Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=client_mac) /
-                 PPPoE(sessionid=session_id) /
-                 PPP(proto=0x0021) /
-                 IP(src=client_ip, dst=self.dst_ip) /
-                 Raw(payload))
+            p = (
+                Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=client_mac)
+                / PPPoE(sessionid=session_id)
+                / PPP(proto=0x0021)
+                / IP(src=client_ip, dst=self.dst_ip)
+                / Raw(payload)
+            )
             # store a copy of the packet in the packet info
             info.data = p.copy()
             # append the packet to the list
@@ -125,9 +130,11 @@ class TestPPPoE(VppTestCase):
             # convert the info into packet payload
             payload = self.info_to_payload(info)
             # create the packet itself
-            p = (Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac) /
-                 IP(src=dst_ip, dst=client_ip) /
-                 Raw(payload))
+            p = (
+                Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac)
+                / IP(src=dst_ip, dst=client_ip)
+                / Raw(payload)
+            )
             # store a copy of the packet in the packet info
             info.data = p.copy()
             # append the packet to the list
@@ -180,36 +187,39 @@ class TestPPPoE(VppTestCase):
                 raise
 
     def test_PPPoE_Decap(self):
-        """ PPPoE Decap Test """
+        """PPPoE Decap Test"""
 
         self.vapi.cli("clear trace")
 
         #
         # Add a route that resolves the server's destination
         #
-        route_sever_dst = VppIpRoute(self, "100.1.1.100", 32,
-                                     [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                                   self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
+        route_sever_dst = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "100.1.1.100",
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4, self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         route_sever_dst.add_vpp_config()
 
         # Send PPPoE Discovery
-        tx0 = self.create_stream_pppoe_discovery(self.pg0, self.pg1,
-                                                 self.pg0.remote_mac)
+        tx0 = self.create_stream_pppoe_discovery(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg0.remote_mac
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(tx0)
         self.pg_start()
 
         # Send PPPoE PPP LCP
-        tx1 = self.create_stream_pppoe_lcp(self.pg0, self.pg1,
-                                           self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                           self.session_id)
+        tx1 = self.create_stream_pppoe_lcp(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg0.remote_mac, self.session_id
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(tx1)
         self.pg_start()
 
         # Create PPPoE session
-        pppoe_if = VppPppoeInterface(self,
-                                     self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                     self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                     self.session_id)
+        pppoe_if = VppPppoeInterface(
+            self, self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.pg0.remote_mac, self.session_id
+        )
         pppoe_if.add_vpp_config()
         pppoe_if.set_unnumbered(self.pg0.sw_if_index)
 
@@ -217,10 +227,13 @@ class TestPPPoE(VppTestCase):
         # Send tunneled packets that match the created tunnel and
         # are decapped and forwarded
         #
-        tx2 = self.create_stream_pppoe_ip4(self.pg0, self.pg1,
-                                           self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                           self.session_id,
-                                           self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        tx2 = self.create_stream_pppoe_ip4(
+            self.pg0,
+            self.pg1,
+            self.pg0.remote_mac,
+            self.session_id,
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(tx2)
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -244,36 +257,39 @@ class TestPPPoE(VppTestCase):
         route_sever_dst.remove_vpp_config()
 
     def test_PPPoE_Encap(self):
-        """ PPPoE Encap Test """
+        """PPPoE Encap Test"""
 
         self.vapi.cli("clear trace")
 
         #
         # Add a route that resolves the server's destination
         #
-        route_sever_dst = VppIpRoute(self, "100.1.1.100", 32,
-                                     [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                                   self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
+        route_sever_dst = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "100.1.1.100",
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4, self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         route_sever_dst.add_vpp_config()
 
         # Send PPPoE Discovery
-        tx0 = self.create_stream_pppoe_discovery(self.pg0, self.pg1,
-                                                 self.pg0.remote_mac)
+        tx0 = self.create_stream_pppoe_discovery(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg0.remote_mac
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(tx0)
         self.pg_start()
 
         # Send PPPoE PPP LCP
-        tx1 = self.create_stream_pppoe_lcp(self.pg0, self.pg1,
-                                           self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                           self.session_id)
+        tx1 = self.create_stream_pppoe_lcp(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg0.remote_mac, self.session_id
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(tx1)
         self.pg_start()
 
         # Create PPPoE session
-        pppoe_if = VppPppoeInterface(self,
-                                     self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                     self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                     self.session_id)
+        pppoe_if = VppPppoeInterface(
+            self, self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.pg0.remote_mac, self.session_id
+        )
         pppoe_if.add_vpp_config()
         pppoe_if.set_unnumbered(self.pg0.sw_if_index)
 
@@ -282,8 +298,9 @@ class TestPPPoE(VppTestCase):
         #  - packets are PPPoE encapped
         #
         self.vapi.cli("clear trace")
-        tx2 = self.create_stream_ip4(self.pg1, self.pg0,
-                                     self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.dst_ip, 65)
+        tx2 = self.create_stream_ip4(
+            self.pg1, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.dst_ip, 65
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(tx2)
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -308,36 +325,39 @@ class TestPPPoE(VppTestCase):
         route_sever_dst.remove_vpp_config()
 
     def test_PPPoE_Add_Twice(self):
-        """ PPPoE Add Same Session Twice Test """
+        """PPPoE Add Same Session Twice Test"""
 
         self.vapi.cli("clear trace")
 
         #
         # Add a route that resolves the server's destination
         #
-        route_sever_dst = VppIpRoute(self, "100.1.1.100", 32,
-                                     [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                                   self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
+        route_sever_dst = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "100.1.1.100",
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4, self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         route_sever_dst.add_vpp_config()
 
         # Send PPPoE Discovery
-        tx0 = self.create_stream_pppoe_discovery(self.pg0, self.pg1,
-                                                 self.pg0.remote_mac)
+        tx0 = self.create_stream_pppoe_discovery(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg0.remote_mac
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(tx0)
         self.pg_start()
 
         # Send PPPoE PPP LCP
-        tx1 = self.create_stream_pppoe_lcp(self.pg0, self.pg1,
-                                           self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                           self.session_id)
+        tx1 = self.create_stream_pppoe_lcp(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg0.remote_mac, self.session_id
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(tx1)
         self.pg_start()
 
         # Create PPPoE session
-        pppoe_if = VppPppoeInterface(self,
-                                     self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                     self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                     self.session_id)
+        pppoe_if = VppPppoeInterface(
+            self, self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.pg0.remote_mac, self.session_id
+        )
         pppoe_if.add_vpp_config()
         pppoe_if.set_unnumbered(self.pg0.sw_if_index)
 
@@ -363,36 +383,39 @@ class TestPPPoE(VppTestCase):
         route_sever_dst.remove_vpp_config()
 
     def test_PPPoE_Del_Twice(self):
-        """ PPPoE Delete Same Session Twice Test """
+        """PPPoE Delete Same Session Twice Test"""
 
         self.vapi.cli("clear trace")
 
         #
         # Add a route that resolves the server's destination
         #
-        route_sever_dst = VppIpRoute(self, "100.1.1.100", 32,
-                                     [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                                   self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
+        route_sever_dst = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "100.1.1.100",
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4, self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         route_sever_dst.add_vpp_config()
 
         # Send PPPoE Discovery
-        tx0 = self.create_stream_pppoe_discovery(self.pg0, self.pg1,
-                                                 self.pg0.remote_mac)
+        tx0 = self.create_stream_pppoe_discovery(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg0.remote_mac
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(tx0)
         self.pg_start()
 
         # Send PPPoE PPP LCP
-        tx1 = self.create_stream_pppoe_lcp(self.pg0, self.pg1,
-                                           self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                           self.session_id)
+        tx1 = self.create_stream_pppoe_lcp(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg0.remote_mac, self.session_id
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(tx1)
         self.pg_start()
 
         # Create PPPoE session
-        pppoe_if = VppPppoeInterface(self,
-                                     self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                     self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                     self.session_id)
+        pppoe_if = VppPppoeInterface(
+            self, self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.pg0.remote_mac, self.session_id
+        )
         pppoe_if.add_vpp_config()
 
         # Delete PPPoE session
@@ -417,57 +440,60 @@ class TestPPPoE(VppTestCase):
         route_sever_dst.remove_vpp_config()
 
     def test_PPPoE_Decap_Multiple(self):
-        """ PPPoE Decap Multiple Sessions Test """
+        """PPPoE Decap Multiple Sessions Test"""
 
         self.vapi.cli("clear trace")
 
         #
         # Add a route that resolves the server's destination
         #
-        route_sever_dst = VppIpRoute(self, "100.1.1.100", 32,
-                                     [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                                   self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
+        route_sever_dst = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "100.1.1.100",
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4, self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         route_sever_dst.add_vpp_config()
 
         # Send PPPoE Discovery 1
-        tx0 = self.create_stream_pppoe_discovery(self.pg0, self.pg1,
-                                                 self.pg0.remote_mac)
+        tx0 = self.create_stream_pppoe_discovery(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg0.remote_mac
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(tx0)
         self.pg_start()
 
         # Send PPPoE PPP LCP 1
-        tx1 = self.create_stream_pppoe_lcp(self.pg0, self.pg1,
-                                           self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                           self.session_id)
+        tx1 = self.create_stream_pppoe_lcp(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg0.remote_mac, self.session_id
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(tx1)
         self.pg_start()
 
         # Create PPPoE session 1
-        pppoe_if1 = VppPppoeInterface(self,
-                                      self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                      self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                      self.session_id)
+        pppoe_if1 = VppPppoeInterface(
+            self, self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.pg0.remote_mac, self.session_id
+        )
         pppoe_if1.add_vpp_config()
         pppoe_if1.set_unnumbered(self.pg0.sw_if_index)
 
         # Send PPPoE Discovery 2
-        tx3 = self.create_stream_pppoe_discovery(self.pg2, self.pg1,
-                                                 self.pg2.remote_mac)
+        tx3 = self.create_stream_pppoe_discovery(
+            self.pg2, self.pg1, self.pg2.remote_mac
+        )
         self.pg2.add_stream(tx3)
         self.pg_start()
 
         # Send PPPoE PPP LCP 2
-        tx4 = self.create_stream_pppoe_lcp(self.pg2, self.pg1,
-                                           self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                                           self.session_id + 1)
+        tx4 = self.create_stream_pppoe_lcp(
+            self.pg2, self.pg1, self.pg2.remote_mac, self.session_id + 1
+        )
         self.pg2.add_stream(tx4)
         self.pg_start()
 
         # Create PPPoE session 2
-        pppoe_if2 = VppPppoeInterface(self,
-                                      self.pg2.remote_ip4,
-                                      self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                                      self.session_id + 1)
+        pppoe_if2 = VppPppoeInterface(
+            self, self.pg2.remote_ip4, self.pg2.remote_mac, self.session_id + 1
+        )
         pppoe_if2.add_vpp_config()
         pppoe_if2.set_unnumbered(self.pg0.sw_if_index)
 
@@ -475,10 +501,13 @@ class TestPPPoE(VppTestCase):
         # Send tunneled packets that match the created tunnel and
         # are decapped and forwarded
         #
-        tx2 = self.create_stream_pppoe_ip4(self.pg0, self.pg1,
-                                           self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                           self.session_id,
-                                           self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        tx2 = self.create_stream_pppoe_ip4(
+            self.pg0,
+            self.pg1,
+            self.pg0.remote_mac,
+            self.session_id,
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(tx2)
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -487,10 +516,13 @@ class TestPPPoE(VppTestCase):
         rx2 = self.pg1.get_capture(len(tx2))
         self.verify_decapped_pppoe(self.pg0, rx2, tx2)
 
-        tx5 = self.create_stream_pppoe_ip4(self.pg2, self.pg1,
-                                           self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                                           self.session_id + 1,
-                                           self.pg2.remote_ip4)
+        tx5 = self.create_stream_pppoe_ip4(
+            self.pg2,
+            self.pg1,
+            self.pg2.remote_mac,
+            self.session_id + 1,
+            self.pg2.remote_ip4,
+        )
         self.pg2.add_stream(tx5)
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -515,56 +547,59 @@ class TestPPPoE(VppTestCase):
         route_sever_dst.remove_vpp_config()
 
     def test_PPPoE_Encap_Multiple(self):
-        """ PPPoE Encap Multiple Sessions Test """
+        """PPPoE Encap Multiple Sessions Test"""
 
         self.vapi.cli("clear trace")
 
         #
         # Add a route that resolves the server's destination
         #
-        route_sever_dst = VppIpRoute(self, "100.1.1.100", 32,
-                                     [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                                   self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
+        route_sever_dst = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "100.1.1.100",
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4, self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         route_sever_dst.add_vpp_config()
 
         # Send PPPoE Discovery 1
-        tx0 = self.create_stream_pppoe_discovery(self.pg0, self.pg1,
-                                                 self.pg0.remote_mac)
+        tx0 = self.create_stream_pppoe_discovery(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg0.remote_mac
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(tx0)
         self.pg_start()
 
         # Send PPPoE PPP LCP 1
-        tx1 = self.create_stream_pppoe_lcp(self.pg0, self.pg1,
-                                           self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                           self.session_id)
+        tx1 = self.create_stream_pppoe_lcp(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1, self.pg0.remote_mac, self.session_id
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(tx1)
         self.pg_start()
 
         # Create PPPoE session 1
-        pppoe_if1 = VppPppoeInterface(self,
-                                      self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                      self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                                      self.session_id)
+        pppoe_if1 = VppPppoeInterface(
+            self, self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.pg0.remote_mac, self.session_id
+        )
         pppoe_if1.add_vpp_config()
 
         # Send PPPoE Discovery 2
-        tx3 = self.create_stream_pppoe_discovery(self.pg2, self.pg1,
-                                                 self.pg2.remote_mac)
+        tx3 = self.create_stream_pppoe_discovery(
+            self.pg2, self.pg1, self.pg2.remote_mac
+        )
         self.pg2.add_stream(tx3)
         self.pg_start()
 
         # Send PPPoE PPP LCP 2
-        tx4 = self.create_stream_pppoe_lcp(self.pg2, self.pg1,
-                                           self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                                           self.session_id + 1)
+        tx4 = self.create_stream_pppoe_lcp(
+            self.pg2, self.pg1, self.pg2.remote_mac, self.session_id + 1
+        )
         self.pg2.add_stream(tx4)
         self.pg_start()
 
         # Create PPPoE session 2
-        pppoe_if2 = VppPppoeInterface(self,
-                                      self.pg2.remote_ip4,
-                                      self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                                      self.session_id + 1)
+        pppoe_if2 = VppPppoeInterface(
+            self, self.pg2.remote_ip4, self.pg2.remote_mac, self.session_id + 1
+        )
         pppoe_if2.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -572,8 +607,9 @@ class TestPPPoE(VppTestCase):
         #  - packets are PPPoE encapped
         #
         self.vapi.cli("clear trace")
-        tx2 = self.create_stream_ip4(self.pg1, self.pg0,
-                                     self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.dst_ip)
+        tx2 = self.create_stream_ip4(
+            self.pg1, self.pg0, self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.dst_ip
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(tx2)
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -582,8 +618,9 @@ class TestPPPoE(VppTestCase):
         rx2 = self.pg0.get_capture(len(tx2))
         self.verify_encaped_pppoe(self.pg1, rx2, tx2, self.session_id)
 
-        tx5 = self.create_stream_ip4(self.pg1, self.pg2,
-                                     self.pg2.remote_ip4, self.dst_ip)
+        tx5 = self.create_stream_ip4(
+            self.pg1, self.pg2, self.pg2.remote_ip4, self.dst_ip
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(tx5)
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -607,5 +644,6 @@ class TestPPPoE(VppTestCase):
         # Delete a route that resolves the server's destination
         route_sever_dst.remove_vpp_config()
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_punt.py b/test/test_punt.py
index ac059e904bd..f33ab4ce3d5 100644
--- a/test/test_punt.py
+++ b/test/test_punt.py
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ NUM_PKTS = 67
 
 
 class serverSocketThread(threading.Thread):
-    """ Socket server thread"""
+    """Socket server thread"""
 
     def __init__(self, threadID, sockName):
         threading.Thread.__init__(self)
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ class serverSocketThread(threading.Thread):
 
 
 class TestPuntSocket(VppTestCase):
-    """ Punt Socket """
+    """Punt Socket"""
 
     ports = [1111, 2222, 3333, 4444]
     sock_servers = list()
@@ -109,7 +109,12 @@ class TestPuntSocket(VppTestCase):
     @classmethod
     def setUpConstants(cls):
         cls.extra_vpp_punt_config = [
-            "punt", "{", "socket", cls.tempdir+"/socket_punt", "}"]
+            "punt",
+            "{",
+            "socket",
+            cls.tempdir + "/socket_punt",
+            "}",
+        ]
         super(TestPuntSocket, cls).setUpConstants()
 
     def setUp(self):
@@ -137,25 +142,21 @@ class TestPuntSocket(VppTestCase):
         return rx_pkts
 
     def verify_port(self, pr, vpr):
-        self.assertEqual(vpr.punt.type, pr['type'])
-        self.assertEqual(vpr.punt.punt.l4.port,
-                         pr['punt']['l4']['port'])
-        self.assertEqual(vpr.punt.punt.l4.protocol,
-                         pr['punt']['l4']['protocol'])
-        self.assertEqual(vpr.punt.punt.l4.af,
-                         pr['punt']['l4']['af'])
+        self.assertEqual(vpr.punt.type, pr["type"])
+        self.assertEqual(vpr.punt.punt.l4.port, pr["punt"]["l4"]["port"])
+        self.assertEqual(vpr.punt.punt.l4.protocol, pr["punt"]["l4"]["protocol"])
+        self.assertEqual(vpr.punt.punt.l4.af, pr["punt"]["l4"]["af"])
 
     def verify_exception(self, pr, vpr):
-        self.assertEqual(vpr.punt.type, pr['type'])
-        self.assertEqual(vpr.punt.punt.exception.id,
-                         pr['punt']['exception']['id'])
+        self.assertEqual(vpr.punt.type, pr["type"])
+        self.assertEqual(vpr.punt.punt.exception.id, pr["punt"]["exception"]["id"])
 
     def verify_ip_proto(self, pr, vpr):
-        self.assertEqual(vpr.punt.type, pr['type'])
-        self.assertEqual(vpr.punt.punt.ip_proto.af,
-                         pr['punt']['ip_proto']['af'])
-        self.assertEqual(vpr.punt.punt.ip_proto.protocol,
-                         pr['punt']['ip_proto']['protocol'])
+        self.assertEqual(vpr.punt.type, pr["type"])
+        self.assertEqual(vpr.punt.punt.ip_proto.af, pr["punt"]["ip_proto"]["af"])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            vpr.punt.punt.ip_proto.protocol, pr["punt"]["ip_proto"]["protocol"]
+        )
 
     def verify_udp_pkts(self, rxs, n_rx, port):
         n_match = 0
@@ -167,12 +168,12 @@ class TestPuntSocket(VppTestCase):
 
 
 def set_port(pr, port):
-    pr['punt']['l4']['port'] = port
+    pr["punt"]["l4"]["port"] = port
     return pr
 
 
 def set_reason(pr, reason):
-    pr['punt']['exception']['id'] = reason
+    pr["punt"]["exception"]["id"] = reason
     return pr
 
 
@@ -180,15 +181,7 @@ def mk_vpp_cfg4():
     pt_l4 = VppEnum.vl_api_punt_type_t.PUNT_API_TYPE_L4
     af_ip4 = VppEnum.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP4
     udp_proto = VppEnum.vl_api_ip_proto_t.IP_API_PROTO_UDP
-    punt_l4 = {
-        'type': pt_l4,
-        'punt': {
-            'l4': {
-                'af': af_ip4,
-                'protocol': udp_proto
-            }
-        }
-    }
+    punt_l4 = {"type": pt_l4, "punt": {"l4": {"af": af_ip4, "protocol": udp_proto}}}
     return punt_l4
 
 
@@ -196,20 +189,12 @@ def mk_vpp_cfg6():
     pt_l4 = VppEnum.vl_api_punt_type_t.PUNT_API_TYPE_L4
     af_ip6 = VppEnum.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP6
     udp_proto = VppEnum.vl_api_ip_proto_t.IP_API_PROTO_UDP
-    punt_l4 = {
-        'type': pt_l4,
-        'punt': {
-            'l4': {
-                'af': af_ip6,
-                'protocol': udp_proto
-            }
-        }
-    }
+    punt_l4 = {"type": pt_l4, "punt": {"l4": {"af": af_ip6, "protocol": udp_proto}}}
     return punt_l4
 
 
 class TestIP4PuntSocket(TestPuntSocket):
-    """ Punt Socket for IPv4 UDP """
+    """Punt Socket for IPv4 UDP"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -233,7 +218,7 @@ class TestIP4PuntSocket(TestPuntSocket):
             i.admin_down()
 
     def test_punt_socket_dump(self):
-        """ Punt socket registration/deregistration"""
+        """Punt socket registration/deregistration"""
 
         pt_l4 = VppEnum.vl_api_punt_type_t.PUNT_API_TYPE_L4
         af_ip4 = VppEnum.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP4
@@ -247,10 +232,12 @@ class TestIP4PuntSocket(TestPuntSocket):
         #
         punt_l4 = mk_vpp_cfg4()
 
-        self.vapi.punt_socket_register(set_port(punt_l4, 1111),
-                                       "%s/socket_punt_1111" % self.tempdir)
-        self.vapi.punt_socket_register(set_port(punt_l4, 2222),
-                                       "%s/socket_punt_2222" % self.tempdir)
+        self.vapi.punt_socket_register(
+            set_port(punt_l4, 1111), "%s/socket_punt_1111" % self.tempdir
+        )
+        self.vapi.punt_socket_register(
+            set_port(punt_l4, 2222), "%s/socket_punt_2222" % self.tempdir
+        )
         punts = self.vapi.punt_socket_dump(type=pt_l4)
         self.assertEqual(len(punts), 2)
         self.verify_port(set_port(punt_l4, 1111), punts[0])
@@ -266,10 +253,12 @@ class TestIP4PuntSocket(TestPuntSocket):
         #
         # configure a punt socket again
         #
-        self.vapi.punt_socket_register(set_port(punt_l4, 1111),
-                                       "%s/socket_punt_1111" % self.tempdir)
-        self.vapi.punt_socket_register(set_port(punt_l4, 3333),
-                                       "%s/socket_punt_3333" % self.tempdir)
+        self.vapi.punt_socket_register(
+            set_port(punt_l4, 1111), "%s/socket_punt_1111" % self.tempdir
+        )
+        self.vapi.punt_socket_register(
+            set_port(punt_l4, 3333), "%s/socket_punt_3333" % self.tempdir
+        )
         punts = self.vapi.punt_socket_dump(type=pt_l4)
         self.assertEqual(len(punts), 3)
 
@@ -285,17 +274,18 @@ class TestIP4PuntSocket(TestPuntSocket):
         self.assertEqual(len(punts), 0)
 
     def test_punt_socket_traffic_single_port_single_socket(self):
-        """ Punt socket traffic single port single socket"""
+        """Punt socket traffic single port single socket"""
 
         port = self.ports[0]
         pt_l4 = VppEnum.vl_api_punt_type_t.PUNT_API_TYPE_L4
         punt_l4 = set_port(mk_vpp_cfg4(), port)
 
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                   dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=9876, dport=port) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=9876, dport=port)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         pkts = p * self.nr_packets
 
@@ -308,15 +298,14 @@ class TestIP4PuntSocket(TestPuntSocket):
         rx = self.send_and_expect_some(self.pg0, pkts, self.pg0)
 
         for p in rx:
-            self.assertEqual(int(p[IP].proto), 1)   # ICMP
+            self.assertEqual(int(p[IP].proto), 1)  # ICMP
             self.assertEqual(int(p[ICMP].code), 3)  # unreachable
 
         #
         # configure a punt socket
         #
         self.socket_client_create("%s/socket_%d" % (self.tempdir, port))
-        self.vapi.punt_socket_register(punt_l4, "%s/socket_%d" %
-                                       (self.tempdir, port))
+        self.vapi.punt_socket_register(punt_l4, "%s/socket_%d" % (self.tempdir, port))
         punts = self.vapi.punt_socket_dump(type=pt_l4)
         self.assertEqual(len(punts), 1)
 
@@ -336,11 +325,11 @@ class TestIP4PuntSocket(TestPuntSocket):
 
         rx = self.send_and_expect_some(self.pg0, pkts, self.pg0)
         for p in rx:
-            self.assertEqual(int(p[IP].proto), 1)   # ICMP
+            self.assertEqual(int(p[IP].proto), 1)  # ICMP
             self.assertEqual(int(p[ICMP].code), 3)  # unreachable
 
     def test_punt_socket_traffic_multi_ports_multi_sockets(self):
-        """ Punt socket traffic multi ports and multi sockets"""
+        """Punt socket traffic multi ports and multi sockets"""
 
         punt_l4 = mk_vpp_cfg4()
 
@@ -354,38 +343,40 @@ class TestIP4PuntSocket(TestPuntSocket):
             # choose port from port list
             cfgs[port] = {}
 
-            pkt = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                         dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                   IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-                   UDP(sport=9876, dport=port) /
-                   Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-            cfgs[port]['pkts'] = pkt * self.nr_packets
-            cfgs[port]['port'] = port
-            cfgs[port]['vpp'] = copy.deepcopy(set_port(punt_l4, port))
+            pkt = (
+                Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=9876, dport=port)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
+            cfgs[port]["pkts"] = pkt * self.nr_packets
+            cfgs[port]["port"] = port
+            cfgs[port]["vpp"] = copy.deepcopy(set_port(punt_l4, port))
 
             # configure punt sockets
-            cfgs[port]['sock'] = self.socket_client_create(
-                "%s/socket_%d" % (self.tempdir, port))
+            cfgs[port]["sock"] = self.socket_client_create(
+                "%s/socket_%d" % (self.tempdir, port)
+            )
             self.vapi.punt_socket_register(
-                cfgs[port]['vpp'],
-                "%s/socket_%d" % (self.tempdir, port))
+                cfgs[port]["vpp"], "%s/socket_%d" % (self.tempdir, port)
+            )
 
         #
         # send the packets that get punted
         #
         for cfg in cfgs.values():
-            self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, cfg['pkts'])
+            self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, cfg["pkts"])
 
         #
         # test that we got the excepted packets on the expected socket
         #
         for cfg in cfgs.values():
-            rx = cfg['sock'].close()
-            self.verify_udp_pkts(rx, len(cfg['pkts']), cfg['port'])
-            self.vapi.punt_socket_deregister(cfg['vpp'])
+            rx = cfg["sock"].close()
+            self.verify_udp_pkts(rx, len(cfg["pkts"]), cfg["port"])
+            self.vapi.punt_socket_deregister(cfg["vpp"])
 
     def test_punt_socket_traffic_multi_ports_single_socket(self):
-        """ Punt socket traffic multi ports and single socket"""
+        """Punt socket traffic multi ports and single socket"""
 
         pt_l4 = VppEnum.vl_api_punt_type_t.PUNT_API_TYPE_L4
         punt_l4 = mk_vpp_cfg4()
@@ -396,11 +387,12 @@ class TestIP4PuntSocket(TestPuntSocket):
         pkts = []
         for port in self.ports:
             # choose port from port list
-            pkt = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                         dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                   IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-                   UDP(sport=9876, dport=port) /
-                   Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+            pkt = (
+                Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=9876, dport=port)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
             pkts += pkt * self.nr_packets
 
         #
@@ -408,8 +400,9 @@ class TestIP4PuntSocket(TestPuntSocket):
         #
         self.socket_client_create("%s/socket_multi" % self.tempdir)
         for p in self.ports:
-            self.vapi.punt_socket_register(set_port(punt_l4, p),
-                                           "%s/socket_multi" % self.tempdir)
+            self.vapi.punt_socket_register(
+                set_port(punt_l4, p), "%s/socket_multi" % self.tempdir
+            )
         punts = self.vapi.punt_socket_dump(type=pt_l4)
         self.assertEqual(len(punts), len(self.ports))
 
@@ -428,7 +421,7 @@ class TestIP4PuntSocket(TestPuntSocket):
 
 
 class TestIP6PuntSocket(TestPuntSocket):
-    """ Punt Socket for IPv6 UDP """
+    """Punt Socket for IPv6 UDP"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -452,7 +445,7 @@ class TestIP6PuntSocket(TestPuntSocket):
             i.admin_down()
 
     def test_punt_socket_dump(self):
-        """ Punt socket registration """
+        """Punt socket registration"""
 
         pt_l4 = VppEnum.vl_api_punt_type_t.PUNT_API_TYPE_L4
         af_ip6 = VppEnum.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP6
@@ -460,15 +453,7 @@ class TestIP6PuntSocket(TestPuntSocket):
         #
         # configure a punt socket
         #
-        punt_l4 = {
-            'type': pt_l4,
-            'punt': {
-                'l4': {
-                    'af': af_ip6,
-                    'protocol': udp_proto
-                }
-            }
-        }
+        punt_l4 = {"type": pt_l4, "punt": {"l4": {"af": af_ip6, "protocol": udp_proto}}}
 
         punts = self.vapi.punt_socket_dump(type=pt_l4)
         self.assertEqual(len(punts), 0)
@@ -476,10 +461,12 @@ class TestIP6PuntSocket(TestPuntSocket):
         #
         # configure a punt socket
         #
-        self.vapi.punt_socket_register(set_port(punt_l4, 1111),
-                                       "%s/socket_1111" % self.tempdir)
-        self.vapi.punt_socket_register(set_port(punt_l4, 2222),
-                                       "%s/socket_2222" % self.tempdir)
+        self.vapi.punt_socket_register(
+            set_port(punt_l4, 1111), "%s/socket_1111" % self.tempdir
+        )
+        self.vapi.punt_socket_register(
+            set_port(punt_l4, 2222), "%s/socket_2222" % self.tempdir
+        )
         punts = self.vapi.punt_socket_dump(type=pt_l4)
         self.assertEqual(len(punts), 2)
         self.verify_port(set_port(punt_l4, 1111), punts[0])
@@ -495,8 +482,9 @@ class TestIP6PuntSocket(TestPuntSocket):
         #
         # configure a punt socket again
         #
-        self.vapi.punt_socket_register(set_port(punt_l4, 1111),
-                                       "%s/socket_1111" % self.tempdir)
+        self.vapi.punt_socket_register(
+            set_port(punt_l4, 1111), "%s/socket_1111" % self.tempdir
+        )
         punts = self.vapi.punt_socket_dump(type=pt_l4)
         self.assertEqual(len(punts), 2)
 
@@ -510,28 +498,29 @@ class TestIP6PuntSocket(TestPuntSocket):
         self.assertEqual(len(punts), 0)
 
     def test_punt_socket_traffic_single_port_single_socket(self):
-        """ Punt socket traffic single port single socket"""
+        """Punt socket traffic single port single socket"""
 
         port = self.ports[0]
         pt_l4 = VppEnum.vl_api_punt_type_t.PUNT_API_TYPE_L4
         af_ip6 = VppEnum.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP6
         udp_proto = VppEnum.vl_api_ip_proto_t.IP_API_PROTO_UDP
         punt_l4 = {
-            'type': pt_l4,
-            'punt': {
-                'l4': {
-                    'af': af_ip6,
-                    'protocol': udp_proto,
-                    'port': port,
+            "type": pt_l4,
+            "punt": {
+                "l4": {
+                    "af": af_ip6,
+                    "protocol": udp_proto,
+                    "port": port,
                 }
-            }
+            },
         }
 
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                   dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6) /
-             inet6.UDP(sport=9876, dport=port) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6)
+            / inet6.UDP(sport=9876, dport=port)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         pkts = p * self.nr_packets
 
@@ -555,8 +544,7 @@ class TestIP6PuntSocket(TestPuntSocket):
         # configure a punt socket
         #
         self.socket_client_create("%s/socket_%d" % (self.tempdir, port))
-        self.vapi.punt_socket_register(punt_l4, "%s/socket_%d" %
-                                       (self.tempdir, port))
+        self.vapi.punt_socket_register(punt_l4, "%s/socket_%d" % (self.tempdir, port))
         punts = self.vapi.punt_socket_dump(type=pt_l4)
         self.assertEqual(len(punts), 1)
 
@@ -586,7 +574,7 @@ class TestIP6PuntSocket(TestPuntSocket):
         # self.pg0.get_capture(nr_packets)
 
     def test_punt_socket_traffic_multi_ports_multi_sockets(self):
-        """ Punt socket traffic multi ports and multi sockets"""
+        """Punt socket traffic multi ports and multi sockets"""
 
         punt_l4 = mk_vpp_cfg6()
 
@@ -600,50 +588,52 @@ class TestIP6PuntSocket(TestPuntSocket):
             # choose port from port list
             cfgs[port] = {}
 
-            pkt = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                         dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                   IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6) /
-                   UDP(sport=9876, dport=port) /
-                   Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-            cfgs[port]['pkts'] = pkt * self.nr_packets
-            cfgs[port]['port'] = port
-            cfgs[port]['vpp'] = copy.deepcopy(set_port(punt_l4, port))
+            pkt = (
+                Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6)
+                / UDP(sport=9876, dport=port)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
+            cfgs[port]["pkts"] = pkt * self.nr_packets
+            cfgs[port]["port"] = port
+            cfgs[port]["vpp"] = copy.deepcopy(set_port(punt_l4, port))
 
             # configure punt sockets
-            cfgs[port]['sock'] = self.socket_client_create(
-                "%s/socket_%d" % (self.tempdir, port))
+            cfgs[port]["sock"] = self.socket_client_create(
+                "%s/socket_%d" % (self.tempdir, port)
+            )
             self.vapi.punt_socket_register(
-                cfgs[port]['vpp'],
-                "%s/socket_%d" % (self.tempdir, port))
+                cfgs[port]["vpp"], "%s/socket_%d" % (self.tempdir, port)
+            )
 
         #
         # send the packets that get punted
         #
         for cfg in cfgs.values():
-            self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, cfg['pkts'])
+            self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, cfg["pkts"])
 
         #
         # test that we got the excepted packets on the expected socket
         #
         for cfg in cfgs.values():
-            rx = cfg['sock'].close()
-            self.verify_udp_pkts(rx, len(cfg['pkts']), cfg['port'])
-            self.vapi.punt_socket_deregister(cfg['vpp'])
+            rx = cfg["sock"].close()
+            self.verify_udp_pkts(rx, len(cfg["pkts"]), cfg["port"])
+            self.vapi.punt_socket_deregister(cfg["vpp"])
 
     def test_punt_socket_traffic_multi_ports_single_socket(self):
-        """ Punt socket traffic multi ports and single socket"""
+        """Punt socket traffic multi ports and single socket"""
 
         pt_l4 = VppEnum.vl_api_punt_type_t.PUNT_API_TYPE_L4
         af_ip6 = VppEnum.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP6
         udp_proto = VppEnum.vl_api_ip_proto_t.IP_API_PROTO_UDP
         punt_l4 = {
-            'type': pt_l4,
-            'punt': {
-                'l4': {
-                    'af': af_ip6,
-                    'protocol': udp_proto,
+            "type": pt_l4,
+            "punt": {
+                "l4": {
+                    "af": af_ip6,
+                    "protocol": udp_proto,
                 }
-            }
+            },
         }
 
         #
@@ -652,11 +642,12 @@ class TestIP6PuntSocket(TestPuntSocket):
         pkts = []
         for port in self.ports:
             # choose port from port list
-            pkt = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                         dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                   IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6) /
-                   UDP(sport=9876, dport=port) /
-                   Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+            pkt = (
+                Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6)
+                / UDP(sport=9876, dport=port)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            )
             pkts += pkt * self.nr_packets
 
         #
@@ -670,8 +661,9 @@ class TestIP6PuntSocket(TestPuntSocket):
         #
         self.socket_client_create("%s/socket_multi" % self.tempdir)
         for p in self.ports:
-            self.vapi.punt_socket_register(set_port(punt_l4, p),
-                                           "%s/socket_multi" % self.tempdir)
+            self.vapi.punt_socket_register(
+                set_port(punt_l4, p), "%s/socket_multi" % self.tempdir
+            )
         punts = self.vapi.punt_socket_dump(type=pt_l4)
         self.assertEqual(len(punts), len(self.ports))
 
@@ -696,7 +688,7 @@ class TestIP6PuntSocket(TestPuntSocket):
 
 
 class TestExceptionPuntSocket(TestPuntSocket):
-    """ Punt Socket for Exceptions """
+    """Punt Socket for Exceptions"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -721,7 +713,7 @@ class TestExceptionPuntSocket(TestPuntSocket):
             i.admin_down()
 
     def test_registration(self):
-        """ Punt socket registration/deregistration"""
+        """Punt socket registration/deregistration"""
 
         pt_ex = VppEnum.vl_api_punt_type_t.PUNT_API_TYPE_EXCEPTION
 
@@ -731,17 +723,14 @@ class TestExceptionPuntSocket(TestPuntSocket):
         #
         # configure a punt socket
         #
-        punt_ex = {
-            'type': pt_ex,
-            'punt': {
-                'exception': {}
-            }
-        }
+        punt_ex = {"type": pt_ex, "punt": {"exception": {}}}
 
-        self.vapi.punt_socket_register(set_reason(punt_ex, 1),
-                                       "%s/socket_punt_1" % self.tempdir)
-        self.vapi.punt_socket_register(set_reason(punt_ex, 2),
-                                       "%s/socket_punt_2" % self.tempdir)
+        self.vapi.punt_socket_register(
+            set_reason(punt_ex, 1), "%s/socket_punt_1" % self.tempdir
+        )
+        self.vapi.punt_socket_register(
+            set_reason(punt_ex, 2), "%s/socket_punt_2" % self.tempdir
+        )
         punts = self.vapi.punt_socket_dump(type=pt_ex)
         self.assertEqual(len(punts), 2)
         self.verify_exception(set_reason(punt_ex, 1), punts[0])
@@ -757,10 +746,12 @@ class TestExceptionPuntSocket(TestPuntSocket):
         #
         # configure a punt socket again
         #
-        self.vapi.punt_socket_register(set_reason(punt_ex, 1),
-                                       "%s/socket_punt_1" % self.tempdir)
-        self.vapi.punt_socket_register(set_reason(punt_ex, 3),
-                                       "%s/socket_punt_3" % self.tempdir)
+        self.vapi.punt_socket_register(
+            set_reason(punt_ex, 1), "%s/socket_punt_1" % self.tempdir
+        )
+        self.vapi.punt_socket_register(
+            set_reason(punt_ex, 3), "%s/socket_punt_3" % self.tempdir
+        )
         punts = self.vapi.punt_socket_dump(type=pt_ex)
         self.assertEqual(len(punts), 3)
 
@@ -785,25 +776,18 @@ class TestExceptionPuntSocket(TestPuntSocket):
                 self.assertTrue(rx.haslayer(UDP))
 
     def test_traffic(self):
-        """ Punt socket traffic """
+        """Punt socket traffic"""
 
         port = self.ports[0]
         pt_ex = VppEnum.vl_api_punt_type_t.PUNT_API_TYPE_EXCEPTION
-        punt_ex = {
-            'type': pt_ex,
-            'punt': {
-                'exception': {}
-            }
-        }
+        punt_ex = {"type": pt_ex, "punt": {"exception": {}}}
 
         #
         # we're dealing with IPSec tunnels punting for no-such-tunnel
         # (SPI=0 goes to ikev2)
         #
         cfgs = dict()
-        cfgs['ipsec4-no-such-tunnel'] = {'spi': 99,
-                                         'udp': False,
-                                         'itf': self.pg0}
+        cfgs["ipsec4-no-such-tunnel"] = {"spi": 99, "udp": False, "itf": self.pg0}
 
         #
         # find the VPP ID for these punt exception reasin
@@ -814,99 +798,99 @@ class TestExceptionPuntSocket(TestPuntSocket):
                 print(r.reason.name)
                 print(key)
                 if r.reason.name == key:
-                    cfgs[key]['id'] = r.reason.id
-                    cfgs[key]['vpp'] = copy.deepcopy(
-                        set_reason(punt_ex,
-                                   cfgs[key]['id']))
+                    cfgs[key]["id"] = r.reason.id
+                    cfgs[key]["vpp"] = copy.deepcopy(
+                        set_reason(punt_ex, cfgs[key]["id"])
+                    )
                     break
 
         #
         # configure punt sockets
         #
         for cfg in cfgs.values():
-            cfg['sock'] = self.socket_client_create("%s/socket_%d" %
-                                                    (self.tempdir, cfg['id']))
+            cfg["sock"] = self.socket_client_create(
+                "%s/socket_%d" % (self.tempdir, cfg["id"])
+            )
             self.vapi.punt_socket_register(
-                cfg['vpp'], "%s/socket_%d" % (self.tempdir, cfg['id']))
+                cfg["vpp"], "%s/socket_%d" % (self.tempdir, cfg["id"])
+            )
 
         #
         # create packet streams for 'no-such-tunnel' exception
         #
         for cfg in cfgs.values():
-            pkt = (Ether(src=cfg['itf'].remote_mac,
-                         dst=cfg['itf'].local_mac) /
-                   IP(src=cfg['itf'].remote_ip4,
-                      dst=cfg['itf'].local_ip4))
-            if (cfg['udp']):
+            pkt = Ether(src=cfg["itf"].remote_mac, dst=cfg["itf"].local_mac) / IP(
+                src=cfg["itf"].remote_ip4, dst=cfg["itf"].local_ip4
+            )
+            if cfg["udp"]:
                 pkt = pkt / UDP(sport=666, dport=4500)
-            pkt = (pkt / ESP(spi=cfg['spi'], seq=3) /
-                   Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-            cfg['pkts'] = [pkt]
+            pkt = pkt / ESP(spi=cfg["spi"], seq=3) / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            cfg["pkts"] = [pkt]
 
         #
         # send packets for each SPI we expect to be punted
         #
         for cfg in cfgs.values():
-            self.send_and_assert_no_replies(cfg['itf'], cfg['pkts'])
+            self.send_and_assert_no_replies(cfg["itf"], cfg["pkts"])
 
         #
         # verify the punted packets arrived on the associated socket
         #
         for cfg in cfgs.values():
-            rx = cfg['sock'].close()
-            self.verify_esp_pkts(rx, len(cfg['pkts']),
-                                 cfg['spi'], cfg['udp'])
+            rx = cfg["sock"].close()
+            self.verify_esp_pkts(rx, len(cfg["pkts"]), cfg["spi"], cfg["udp"])
 
         #
         # add some tunnels, make sure it still punts
         #
         tun = VppIpsecInterface(self).add_vpp_config()
-        sa_in = VppIpsecSA(self, 11, 11,
-                           (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.
-                            IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA1_96),
-                           b"0123456701234567",
-                           (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.
-                            IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_CBC_128),
-                           b"0123456701234567",
-                           50,
-                           self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                           self.pg0.remote_ip4).add_vpp_config()
-        sa_out = VppIpsecSA(self, 22, 22,
-                            (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.
-                             IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA1_96),
-                            b"0123456701234567",
-                            (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.
-                             IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_CBC_128),
-                            b"0123456701234567",
-                            50,
-                            self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                            self.pg0.remote_ip4).add_vpp_config()
-        protect = VppIpsecTunProtect(self, tun,
-                                     sa_out,
-                                     [sa_in]).add_vpp_config()
+        sa_in = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            11,
+            11,
+            (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA1_96),
+            b"0123456701234567",
+            (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_CBC_128),
+            b"0123456701234567",
+            50,
+            self.pg0.local_ip4,
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+        ).add_vpp_config()
+        sa_out = VppIpsecSA(
+            self,
+            22,
+            22,
+            (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_integ_alg_t.IPSEC_API_INTEG_ALG_SHA1_96),
+            b"0123456701234567",
+            (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_crypto_alg_t.IPSEC_API_CRYPTO_ALG_AES_CBC_128),
+            b"0123456701234567",
+            50,
+            self.pg0.local_ip4,
+            self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+        ).add_vpp_config()
+        protect = VppIpsecTunProtect(self, tun, sa_out, [sa_in]).add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # send packets for each SPI we expect to be punted
         #
         for cfg in cfgs.values():
-            self.send_and_assert_no_replies(cfg['itf'], cfg['pkts'])
+            self.send_and_assert_no_replies(cfg["itf"], cfg["pkts"])
 
         #
         # verify the punted packets arrived on the associated socket
         #
         for cfg in cfgs.values():
-            rx = cfg['sock'].close()
-            self.verify_esp_pkts(rx, len(cfg['pkts']),
-                                 cfg['spi'], cfg['udp'])
+            rx = cfg["sock"].close()
+            self.verify_esp_pkts(rx, len(cfg["pkts"]), cfg["spi"], cfg["udp"])
         #
         # socket deregister
         #
         for cfg in cfgs.values():
-            self.vapi.punt_socket_deregister(cfg['vpp'])
+            self.vapi.punt_socket_deregister(cfg["vpp"])
 
 
 class TestIpProtoPuntSocket(TestPuntSocket):
-    """ Punt Socket for IP packets """
+    """Punt Socket for IP packets"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -930,7 +914,7 @@ class TestIpProtoPuntSocket(TestPuntSocket):
             i.admin_down()
 
     def test_registration(self):
-        """ Punt socket registration/deregistration"""
+        """Punt socket registration/deregistration"""
 
         af_ip4 = VppEnum.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP4
         pt_ip = VppEnum.vl_api_punt_type_t.PUNT_API_TYPE_IP_PROTO
@@ -944,28 +928,16 @@ class TestIpProtoPuntSocket(TestPuntSocket):
         # configure a punt socket
         #
         punt_ospf = {
-            'type': pt_ip,
-            'punt': {
-                'ip_proto': {
-                    'af': af_ip4,
-                    'protocol': proto_ospf
-                }
-            }
+            "type": pt_ip,
+            "punt": {"ip_proto": {"af": af_ip4, "protocol": proto_ospf}},
         }
         punt_eigrp = {
-            'type': pt_ip,
-            'punt': {
-                'ip_proto': {
-                    'af': af_ip4,
-                    'protocol': proto_eigrp
-                }
-            }
+            "type": pt_ip,
+            "punt": {"ip_proto": {"af": af_ip4, "protocol": proto_eigrp}},
         }
 
-        self.vapi.punt_socket_register(punt_ospf,
-                                       "%s/socket_punt_1" % self.tempdir)
-        self.vapi.punt_socket_register(punt_eigrp,
-                                       "%s/socket_punt_2" % self.tempdir)
+        self.vapi.punt_socket_register(punt_ospf, "%s/socket_punt_1" % self.tempdir)
+        self.vapi.punt_socket_register(punt_eigrp, "%s/socket_punt_2" % self.tempdir)
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh punt sock reg ip"))
         punts = self.vapi.punt_socket_dump(type=pt_ip)
         self.assertEqual(len(punts), 2)
@@ -982,8 +954,7 @@ class TestIpProtoPuntSocket(TestPuntSocket):
         #
         # configure a punt socket again
         #
-        self.vapi.punt_socket_register(punt_ospf,
-                                       "%s/socket_punt_3" % self.tempdir)
+        self.vapi.punt_socket_register(punt_ospf, "%s/socket_punt_3" % self.tempdir)
         punts = self.vapi.punt_socket_dump(type=pt_ip)
         self.assertEqual(len(punts), 2)
 
@@ -1003,7 +974,7 @@ class TestIpProtoPuntSocket(TestPuntSocket):
             self.assertTrue(rx.haslayer(OSPF_Hdr))
 
     def test_traffic(self):
-        """ Punt socket traffic """
+        """Punt socket traffic"""
 
         af_ip4 = VppEnum.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP4
         pt_ip = VppEnum.vl_api_punt_type_t.PUNT_API_TYPE_IP_PROTO
@@ -1013,28 +984,23 @@ class TestIpProtoPuntSocket(TestPuntSocket):
         # configure a punt socket to capture OSPF packets
         #
         punt_ospf = {
-            'type': pt_ip,
-            'punt': {
-                'ip_proto': {
-                    'af': af_ip4,
-                    'protocol': proto_ospf
-                }
-            }
+            "type": pt_ip,
+            "punt": {"ip_proto": {"af": af_ip4, "protocol": proto_ospf}},
         }
 
         #
         # create packet streams and configure a punt sockets
         #
-        pkt = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                     dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-               IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-               OSPF_Hdr() /
-               OSPFv3_Hello())
+        pkt = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+            / OSPF_Hdr()
+            / OSPFv3_Hello()
+        )
         pkts = pkt * 7
 
         sock = self.socket_client_create("%s/socket_1" % self.tempdir)
-        self.vapi.punt_socket_register(
-            punt_ospf, "%s/socket_1" % self.tempdir)
+        self.vapi.punt_socket_register(punt_ospf, "%s/socket_1" % self.tempdir)
 
         #
         # send packets for each SPI we expect to be punted
@@ -1051,7 +1017,7 @@ class TestIpProtoPuntSocket(TestPuntSocket):
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 class TestPunt(VppTestCase):
-    """ Exception Punt Test Case """
+    """Exception Punt Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -1081,7 +1047,7 @@ class TestPunt(VppTestCase):
         super(TestPunt, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_punt(self):
-        """ Exception Path testing """
+        """Exception Path testing"""
 
         #
         # dump the punt registered reasons
@@ -1089,9 +1055,11 @@ class TestPunt(VppTestCase):
         #
         rs = self.vapi.punt_reason_dump()
 
-        reasons = ["ipsec6-no-such-tunnel",
-                   "ipsec4-no-such-tunnel",
-                   "ipsec4-spi-o-udp-0"]
+        reasons = [
+            "ipsec6-no-such-tunnel",
+            "ipsec4-no-such-tunnel",
+            "ipsec4-spi-o-udp-0",
+        ]
 
         for reason in reasons:
             found = False
@@ -1106,28 +1074,41 @@ class TestPunt(VppTestCase):
         # send ACL deny packets out of pg0 and pg1.
         # the ACL is src,dst = 1.1.1.1,1.1.1.2
         #
-        ip_1_1_1_2 = VppIpRoute(self, "1.1.1.2", 32,
-                                [VppRoutePath(self.pg3.remote_ip4,
-                                              self.pg3.sw_if_index)])
+        ip_1_1_1_2 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "1.1.1.2",
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg3.remote_ip4, self.pg3.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         ip_1_1_1_2.add_vpp_config()
-        ip_1_2 = VppIpRoute(self, "1::2", 128,
-                            [VppRoutePath(self.pg3.remote_ip6,
-                                          self.pg3.sw_if_index,
-                                          proto=DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_IP6)])
+        ip_1_2 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "1::2",
+            128,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg3.remote_ip6,
+                    self.pg3.sw_if_index,
+                    proto=DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_IP6,
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         ip_1_2.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p4 = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                    dst=self.pg2.local_mac) /
-              IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="1.1.1.2") /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-        p6 = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                    dst=self.pg2.local_mac) /
-              IPv6(src="1::1", dst="1::2") /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-              Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-        self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, p4*1, self.pg3)
-        self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, p6*1, self.pg3)
+        p4 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac)
+            / IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="1.1.1.2")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
+        p6 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src="1::1", dst="1::2")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
+        self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, p4 * 1, self.pg3)
+        self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, p6 * 1, self.pg3)
 
         #
         # apply the punting features
@@ -1137,16 +1118,16 @@ class TestPunt(VppTestCase):
         #
         # dump the punt reasons to learn the IDs assigned
         #
-        rs = self.vapi.punt_reason_dump(reason={'name': "reason-v4"})
+        rs = self.vapi.punt_reason_dump(reason={"name": "reason-v4"})
         r4 = rs[0].reason.id
-        rs = self.vapi.punt_reason_dump(reason={'name': "reason-v6"})
+        rs = self.vapi.punt_reason_dump(reason={"name": "reason-v6"})
         r6 = rs[0].reason.id
 
         #
         # pkts now dropped
         #
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg2, p4*NUM_PKTS)
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg2, p6*NUM_PKTS)
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg2, p4 * NUM_PKTS)
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg2, p6 * NUM_PKTS)
 
         #
         # Check state:
@@ -1154,13 +1135,12 @@ class TestPunt(VppTestCase):
         #  2 - per-reason counters
         #    2, 3 are the index of the assigned punt reason
         #
-        stats = self.statistics.get_err_counter(
-            "/err/punt-dispatch/No registrations")
-        self.assertEqual(stats, 2*NUM_PKTS)
+        stats = self.statistics.get_err_counter("/err/punt-dispatch/No registrations")
+        self.assertEqual(stats, 2 * NUM_PKTS)
 
         stats = self.statistics.get_counter("/net/punt")
-        self.assertEqual(stats[0][r4]['packets'], NUM_PKTS)
-        self.assertEqual(stats[0][r6]['packets'], NUM_PKTS)
+        self.assertEqual(stats[0][r4]["packets"], NUM_PKTS)
+        self.assertEqual(stats[0][r6]["packets"], NUM_PKTS)
 
         #
         # use the test CLI to test a client that punts exception
@@ -1169,8 +1149,8 @@ class TestPunt(VppTestCase):
         self.vapi.cli("test punt pg0 %s" % self.pg0.remote_ip4)
         self.vapi.cli("test punt pg0 %s" % self.pg0.remote_ip6)
 
-        rx4s = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, p4*NUM_PKTS, self.pg0)
-        rx6s = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, p6*NUM_PKTS, self.pg0)
+        rx4s = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, p4 * NUM_PKTS, self.pg0)
+        rx6s = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, p6 * NUM_PKTS, self.pg0)
 
         #
         # check the packets come out IP unmodified but destined to pg0 host
@@ -1187,8 +1167,8 @@ class TestPunt(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(p6[IPv6].hlim, rx[IPv6].hlim)
 
         stats = self.statistics.get_counter("/net/punt")
-        self.assertEqual(stats[0][r4]['packets'], 2*NUM_PKTS)
-        self.assertEqual(stats[0][r6]['packets'], 2*NUM_PKTS)
+        self.assertEqual(stats[0][r4]["packets"], 2 * NUM_PKTS)
+        self.assertEqual(stats[0][r6]["packets"], 2 * NUM_PKTS)
 
         #
         # add another registration for the same reason to send packets
@@ -1234,8 +1214,8 @@ class TestPunt(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(p6[IPv6].hlim, rx[IPv6].hlim)
 
         stats = self.statistics.get_counter("/net/punt")
-        self.assertEqual(stats[0][r4]['packets'], 3*NUM_PKTS)
-        self.assertEqual(stats[0][r6]['packets'], 3*NUM_PKTS)
+        self.assertEqual(stats[0][r4]["packets"], 3 * NUM_PKTS)
+        self.assertEqual(stats[0][r6]["packets"], 3 * NUM_PKTS)
 
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show vlib graph punt-dispatch"))
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show punt client"))
@@ -1244,5 +1224,5 @@ class TestPunt(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show punt db"))
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_qos.py b/test/test_qos.py
index 02941a163b4..40a3ddea4f5 100644
--- a/test/test_qos.py
+++ b/test/test_qos.py
@@ -5,8 +5,14 @@ import unittest
 from framework import VppTestCase, VppTestRunner
 from vpp_sub_interface import VppDot1QSubint
 from vpp_ip import DpoProto
-from vpp_ip_route import VppIpRoute, VppRoutePath, VppMplsRoute, \
-    VppMplsLabel, VppMplsTable, FibPathProto
+from vpp_ip_route import (
+    VppIpRoute,
+    VppRoutePath,
+    VppMplsRoute,
+    VppMplsLabel,
+    VppMplsTable,
+    FibPathProto,
+)
 
 import scapy.compat
 from scapy.packet import Raw
@@ -21,7 +27,7 @@ NUM_PKTS = 67
 
 
 class TestQOS(VppTestCase):
-    """ QOS Test Case """
+    """QOS Test Case"""
 
     # Note: Since the enums aren't created dynamically until after
     #       the papi client attaches to VPP, we put it in a property to
@@ -63,7 +69,7 @@ class TestQOS(VppTestCase):
         super(TestQOS, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_qos_ip(self):
-        """ QoS Mark/Record/Store IP """
+        """QoS Mark/Record/Store IP"""
 
         #
         # for table 1 map the n=0xff possible values of input QoS mark,
@@ -72,11 +78,8 @@ class TestQOS(VppTestCase):
         output = [scapy.compat.chb(0)] * 256
         for i in range(0, 255):
             output[i] = scapy.compat.chb(255 - i)
-        os = b''.join(output)
-        rows = [{'outputs': os},
-                {'outputs': os},
-                {'outputs': os},
-                {'outputs': os}]
+        os = b"".join(output)
+        rows = [{"outputs": os}, {"outputs": os}, {"outputs": os}, {"outputs": os}]
 
         qem1 = VppQosEgressMap(self, 1, rows).add_vpp_config()
 
@@ -84,29 +87,20 @@ class TestQOS(VppTestCase):
         # For table 2 (and up) use the value n for everything
         #
         output = [scapy.compat.chb(2)] * 256
-        os = b''.join(output)
-        rows = [{'outputs': os},
-                {'outputs': os},
-                {'outputs': os},
-                {'outputs': os}]
+        os = b"".join(output)
+        rows = [{"outputs": os}, {"outputs": os}, {"outputs": os}, {"outputs": os}]
 
         qem2 = VppQosEgressMap(self, 2, rows).add_vpp_config()
 
         output = [scapy.compat.chb(3)] * 256
-        os = b''.join(output)
-        rows = [{'outputs': os},
-                {'outputs': os},
-                {'outputs': os},
-                {'outputs': os}]
+        os = b"".join(output)
+        rows = [{"outputs": os}, {"outputs": os}, {"outputs": os}, {"outputs": os}]
 
         qem3 = VppQosEgressMap(self, 3, rows).add_vpp_config()
 
         output = [scapy.compat.chb(4)] * 256
-        os = b''.join(output)
-        rows = [{'outputs': os},
-                {'outputs': os},
-                {'outputs': os},
-                {'outputs': os}]
+        os = b"".join(output)
+        rows = [{"outputs": os}, {"outputs": os}, {"outputs": os}, {"outputs": os}]
 
         qem4 = VppQosEgressMap(self, 4, rows).add_vpp_config()
         qem5 = VppQosEgressMap(self, 5, rows).add_vpp_config()
@@ -119,14 +113,18 @@ class TestQOS(VppTestCase):
         #
         # Bind interface pgN to table n
         #
-        qm1 = VppQosMark(self, self.pg1, qem1,
-                         self.QOS_SOURCE.QOS_API_SOURCE_IP).add_vpp_config()
-        qm2 = VppQosMark(self, self.pg2, qem2,
-                         self.QOS_SOURCE.QOS_API_SOURCE_IP).add_vpp_config()
-        qm3 = VppQosMark(self, self.pg3, qem3,
-                         self.QOS_SOURCE.QOS_API_SOURCE_IP).add_vpp_config()
-        qm4 = VppQosMark(self, self.pg4, qem4,
-                         self.QOS_SOURCE.QOS_API_SOURCE_IP).add_vpp_config()
+        qm1 = VppQosMark(
+            self, self.pg1, qem1, self.QOS_SOURCE.QOS_API_SOURCE_IP
+        ).add_vpp_config()
+        qm2 = VppQosMark(
+            self, self.pg2, qem2, self.QOS_SOURCE.QOS_API_SOURCE_IP
+        ).add_vpp_config()
+        qm3 = VppQosMark(
+            self, self.pg3, qem3, self.QOS_SOURCE.QOS_API_SOURCE_IP
+        ).add_vpp_config()
+        qm4 = VppQosMark(
+            self, self.pg4, qem4, self.QOS_SOURCE.QOS_API_SOURCE_IP
+        ).add_vpp_config()
         self.assertTrue(qm3.query_vpp_config())
 
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh qos mark"))
@@ -134,15 +132,18 @@ class TestQOS(VppTestCase):
         #
         # packets ingress on Pg0
         #
-        p_v4 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4, tos=1) /
-                UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                Raw(scapy.compat.chb(100) * NUM_PKTS))
-        p_v6 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                     tc=1) /
-                UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                Raw(scapy.compat.chb(100) * NUM_PKTS))
+        p_v4 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4, tos=1)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(scapy.compat.chb(100) * NUM_PKTS)
+        )
+        p_v6 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6, tc=1)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(scapy.compat.chb(100) * NUM_PKTS)
+        )
 
         #
         # Since we have not yet enabled the recording of the input QoS
@@ -158,8 +159,7 @@ class TestQOS(VppTestCase):
         #
         # Enable QoS recording on IP input for pg0
         #
-        qr1 = VppQosRecord(self, self.pg0,
-                           self.QOS_SOURCE.QOS_API_SOURCE_IP)
+        qr1 = VppQosRecord(self, self.pg0, self.QOS_SOURCE.QOS_API_SOURCE_IP)
         qr1.add_vpp_config()
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh qos record"))
 
@@ -258,9 +258,9 @@ class TestQOS(VppTestCase):
         #
         # enable QoS stroe instead of record
         #
-        qst1 = VppQosStore(self, self.pg0,
-                           self.QOS_SOURCE.QOS_API_SOURCE_IP,
-                           5).add_vpp_config()
+        qst1 = VppQosStore(
+            self, self.pg0, self.QOS_SOURCE.QOS_API_SOURCE_IP, 5
+        ).add_vpp_config()
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh qos store"))
 
         p_v4[IP].dst = self.pg1.remote_ip4
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ class TestQOS(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(p[IP].tos, 254)
 
     def test_qos_mpls(self):
-        """ QoS Mark/Record MPLS """
+        """QoS Mark/Record MPLS"""
 
         #
         # 255 QoS for all input values
@@ -305,58 +305,69 @@ class TestQOS(VppTestCase):
         from_mpls = 5
         from_vlan = 4
         output = [scapy.compat.chb(from_ext)] * 256
-        os1 = b''.join(output)
+        os1 = b"".join(output)
         output = [scapy.compat.chb(from_vlan)] * 256
-        os2 = b''.join(output)
+        os2 = b"".join(output)
         output = [scapy.compat.chb(from_mpls)] * 256
-        os3 = b''.join(output)
+        os3 = b"".join(output)
         output = [scapy.compat.chb(from_ip)] * 256
-        os4 = b''.join(output)
-        rows = [{'outputs': os1},
-                {'outputs': os2},
-                {'outputs': os3},
-                {'outputs': os4}]
+        os4 = b"".join(output)
+        rows = [{"outputs": os1}, {"outputs": os2}, {"outputs": os3}, {"outputs": os4}]
 
         qem1 = VppQosEgressMap(self, 1, rows).add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # a route with 1 MPLS label
         #
-        route_10_0_0_1 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.0.0.1", 32,
-                                    [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                                  self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                                  labels=[32])])
+        route_10_0_0_1 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10.0.0.1",
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4, self.pg1.sw_if_index, labels=[32])],
+        )
         route_10_0_0_1.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # a route with 3 MPLS labels
         #
-        route_10_0_0_3 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.0.0.3", 32,
-                                    [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                                  self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                                  labels=[63, 33, 34])])
+        route_10_0_0_3 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10.0.0.3",
+            32,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg1.remote_ip4, self.pg1.sw_if_index, labels=[63, 33, 34]
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route_10_0_0_3.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # enable IP QoS recording on the input Pg0 and MPLS egress marking
         # on Pg1
         #
-        qr1 = VppQosRecord(self, self.pg0,
-                           self.QOS_SOURCE.QOS_API_SOURCE_IP).add_vpp_config()
-        qm1 = VppQosMark(self, self.pg1, qem1,
-                         self.QOS_SOURCE.QOS_API_SOURCE_MPLS).add_vpp_config()
+        qr1 = VppQosRecord(
+            self, self.pg0, self.QOS_SOURCE.QOS_API_SOURCE_IP
+        ).add_vpp_config()
+        qm1 = VppQosMark(
+            self, self.pg1, qem1, self.QOS_SOURCE.QOS_API_SOURCE_MPLS
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # packet that will get one label added and 3 labels added resp.
         #
-        p_1 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-               IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="10.0.0.1", tos=1) /
-               UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-               Raw(scapy.compat.chb(100) * NUM_PKTS))
-        p_3 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-               IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="10.0.0.3", tos=1) /
-               UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-               Raw(scapy.compat.chb(100) * NUM_PKTS))
+        p_1 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="10.0.0.1", tos=1)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(scapy.compat.chb(100) * NUM_PKTS)
+        )
+        p_3 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="10.0.0.3", tos=1)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(scapy.compat.chb(100) * NUM_PKTS)
+        )
 
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_1 * NUM_PKTS, self.pg1)
 
@@ -387,26 +398,34 @@ class TestQOS(VppTestCase):
         # on Pg1
         #
         qr2 = VppQosRecord(
-            self, self.pg0,
-            self.QOS_SOURCE.QOS_API_SOURCE_MPLS).add_vpp_config()
+            self, self.pg0, self.QOS_SOURCE.QOS_API_SOURCE_MPLS
+        ).add_vpp_config()
         qm2 = VppQosMark(
-            self, self.pg1, qem1,
-            self.QOS_SOURCE.QOS_API_SOURCE_IP).add_vpp_config()
+            self, self.pg1, qem1, self.QOS_SOURCE.QOS_API_SOURCE_IP
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # MPLS x-connect - COS according to pg1 map
         #
-        route_32_eos = VppMplsRoute(self, 32, 1,
-                                    [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                                  self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                                  labels=[VppMplsLabel(33)])])
+        route_32_eos = VppMplsRoute(
+            self,
+            32,
+            1,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg1.remote_ip4, self.pg1.sw_if_index, labels=[VppMplsLabel(33)]
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route_32_eos.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p_m1 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                MPLS(label=32, cos=3, ttl=2) /
-                IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="10.0.0.1", tos=1) /
-                UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                Raw(scapy.compat.chb(100) * NUM_PKTS))
+        p_m1 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / MPLS(label=32, cos=3, ttl=2)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="10.0.0.1", tos=1)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(scapy.compat.chb(100) * NUM_PKTS)
+        )
 
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_m1 * NUM_PKTS, self.pg1)
         for p in rx:
@@ -417,22 +436,26 @@ class TestQOS(VppTestCase):
         #
         # MPLS deag - COS is copied from MPLS to IP
         #
-        route_33_eos = VppMplsRoute(self, 33, 1,
-                                    [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                                  0xffffffff,
-                                                  nh_table_id=0)])
+        route_33_eos = VppMplsRoute(
+            self, 33, 1, [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", 0xFFFFFFFF, nh_table_id=0)]
+        )
         route_33_eos.add_vpp_config()
 
-        route_10_0_0_4 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.0.0.4", 32,
-                                    [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                                  self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
+        route_10_0_0_4 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10.0.0.4",
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4, self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         route_10_0_0_4.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p_m2 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                MPLS(label=33, ttl=2, cos=3) /
-                IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="10.0.0.4", tos=1) /
-                UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                Raw(scapy.compat.chb(100) * NUM_PKTS))
+        p_m2 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / MPLS(label=33, ttl=2, cos=3)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="10.0.0.4", tos=1)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(scapy.compat.chb(100) * NUM_PKTS)
+        )
 
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_m2 * NUM_PKTS, self.pg1)
 
@@ -440,7 +463,7 @@ class TestQOS(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(p[IP].tos, from_mpls)
 
     def test_qos_vlan(self):
-        """QoS mark/record VLAN """
+        """QoS mark/record VLAN"""
 
         #
         # QoS for all input values
@@ -448,11 +471,8 @@ class TestQOS(VppTestCase):
         output = [scapy.compat.chb(0)] * 256
         for i in range(0, 255):
             output[i] = scapy.compat.chb(255 - i)
-        os = b''.join(output)
-        rows = [{'outputs': os},
-                {'outputs': os},
-                {'outputs': os},
-                {'outputs': os}]
+        os = b"".join(output)
+        rows = [{"outputs": os}, {"outputs": os}, {"outputs": os}, {"outputs": os}]
 
         qem1 = VppQosEgressMap(self, 1, rows).add_vpp_config()
 
@@ -468,58 +488,70 @@ class TestQOS(VppTestCase):
         # enable VLAN QoS recording/marking on the input Pg0 subinterface and
         #
         qr_v = VppQosRecord(
-            self, sub_if,
-            self.QOS_SOURCE.QOS_API_SOURCE_VLAN).add_vpp_config()
+            self, sub_if, self.QOS_SOURCE.QOS_API_SOURCE_VLAN
+        ).add_vpp_config()
         qm_v = VppQosMark(
-            self, sub_if, qem1,
-            self.QOS_SOURCE.QOS_API_SOURCE_VLAN).add_vpp_config()
+            self, sub_if, qem1, self.QOS_SOURCE.QOS_API_SOURCE_VLAN
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # IP marking/recording on pg1
         #
         qr_ip = VppQosRecord(
-            self, self.pg1,
-            self.QOS_SOURCE.QOS_API_SOURCE_IP).add_vpp_config()
+            self, self.pg1, self.QOS_SOURCE.QOS_API_SOURCE_IP
+        ).add_vpp_config()
         qm_ip = VppQosMark(
-            self, self.pg1, qem1,
-            self.QOS_SOURCE.QOS_API_SOURCE_IP).add_vpp_config()
+            self, self.pg1, qem1, self.QOS_SOURCE.QOS_API_SOURCE_IP
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # a routes to/from sub-interface
         #
-        route_10_0_0_1 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.0.0.1", 32,
-                                    [VppRoutePath(sub_if.remote_ip4,
-                                                  sub_if.sw_if_index)])
+        route_10_0_0_1 = VppIpRoute(
+            self, "10.0.0.1", 32, [VppRoutePath(sub_if.remote_ip4, sub_if.sw_if_index)]
+        )
         route_10_0_0_1.add_vpp_config()
-        route_10_0_0_2 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.0.0.2", 32,
-                                    [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                                  self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
+        route_10_0_0_2 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10.0.0.2",
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4, self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         route_10_0_0_2.add_vpp_config()
-        route_2001_1 = VppIpRoute(self, "2001::1", 128,
-                                  [VppRoutePath(sub_if.remote_ip6,
-                                                sub_if.sw_if_index)])
+        route_2001_1 = VppIpRoute(
+            self, "2001::1", 128, [VppRoutePath(sub_if.remote_ip6, sub_if.sw_if_index)]
+        )
         route_2001_1.add_vpp_config()
-        route_2001_2 = VppIpRoute(self, "2001::2", 128,
-                                  [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                                                self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
+        route_2001_2 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "2001::2",
+            128,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6, self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         route_2001_2.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p_v1 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                Dot1Q(vlan=11, prio=1) /
-                IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="10.0.0.2", tos=1) /
-                UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                Raw(scapy.compat.chb(100) * NUM_PKTS))
+        p_v1 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / Dot1Q(vlan=11, prio=1)
+            / IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="10.0.0.2", tos=1)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(scapy.compat.chb(100) * NUM_PKTS)
+        )
 
-        p_v2 = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-                IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="10.0.0.1", tos=1) /
-                UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                Raw(scapy.compat.chb(100) * NUM_PKTS))
+        p_v2 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="10.0.0.1", tos=1)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(scapy.compat.chb(100) * NUM_PKTS)
+        )
 
-        p_v3 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                Dot1Q(vlan=11, prio=1, id=1) /
-                IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="10.0.0.2", tos=2) /
-                UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                Raw(scapy.compat.chb(100) * NUM_PKTS))
+        p_v3 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / Dot1Q(vlan=11, prio=1, id=1)
+            / IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst="10.0.0.2", tos=2)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(scapy.compat.chb(100) * NUM_PKTS)
+        )
 
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p_v2 * NUM_PKTS, self.pg0)
 
@@ -537,16 +569,20 @@ class TestQOS(VppTestCase):
         for p in rx:
             self.assertEqual(p[IP].tos, 253)
 
-        p_v1 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                Dot1Q(vlan=11, prio=2) /
-                IPv6(src="2001::1", dst="2001::2", tc=1) /
-                UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                Raw(scapy.compat.chb(100) * NUM_PKTS))
+        p_v1 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / Dot1Q(vlan=11, prio=2)
+            / IPv6(src="2001::1", dst="2001::2", tc=1)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(scapy.compat.chb(100) * NUM_PKTS)
+        )
 
-        p_v2 = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-                IPv6(src="3001::1", dst="2001::1", tc=1) /
-                UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                Raw(scapy.compat.chb(100) * NUM_PKTS))
+        p_v2 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src="3001::1", dst="2001::1", tc=1)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(scapy.compat.chb(100) * NUM_PKTS)
+        )
 
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p_v2 * NUM_PKTS, self.pg0)
 
@@ -566,5 +602,5 @@ class TestQOS(VppTestCase):
         sub_if.unconfig_ip6()
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_quic.py b/test/test_quic.py
index 339557d4419..fde781c4f4a 100644
--- a/test/test_quic.py
+++ b/test/test_quic.py
@@ -12,20 +12,29 @@ from vpp_ip_route import VppIpTable, VppIpRoute, VppRoutePath
 
 
 class QUICAppWorker(Worker):
-    """ QUIC Test Application Worker """
+    """QUIC Test Application Worker"""
+
     process = None
 
-    def __init__(self, appname, executable_args, logger, role,
-                 testcase, env=None, *args, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        appname,
+        executable_args,
+        logger,
+        role,
+        testcase,
+        env=None,
+        *args,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
         if env is None:
             env = {}
         app = f"{config.vpp_build_dir}/vpp/bin/{appname}"
         self.args = [app] + executable_args
         self.role = role
-        self.wait_for_gdb = 'wait-for-gdb'
+        self.wait_for_gdb = "wait-for-gdb"
         self.testcase = testcase
-        super(QUICAppWorker, self).__init__(self.args, logger, env,
-                                            *args, **kwargs)
+        super(QUICAppWorker, self).__init__(self.args, logger, env, *args, **kwargs)
 
     def run(self):
         super(QUICAppWorker, self).run()
@@ -44,7 +53,7 @@ class QUICAppWorker(Worker):
 
 
 class QUICTestCase(VppTestCase):
-    """ QUIC Test Case """
+    """QUIC Test Case"""
 
     timeout = 20
     pre_test_sleep = 0.3
@@ -57,7 +66,7 @@ class QUICTestCase(VppTestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
         super(QUICTestCase, self).setUp()
-        self.vppDebug = 'vpp_debug' in config.vpp_build_dir
+        self.vppDebug = "vpp_debug" in config.vpp_build_dir
 
         self.create_loopback_interfaces(2)
         self.uri = "quic://%s/1234" % self.loop0.local_ip4
@@ -74,20 +83,28 @@ class QUICTestCase(VppTestCase):
             table_id += 1
 
         # Configure namespaces
-        self.vapi.app_namespace_add_del(namespace_id="server",
-                                        sw_if_index=self.loop0.sw_if_index)
-        self.vapi.app_namespace_add_del(namespace_id="client",
-                                        sw_if_index=self.loop1.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.app_namespace_add_del(
+            namespace_id="server", sw_if_index=self.loop0.sw_if_index
+        )
+        self.vapi.app_namespace_add_del(
+            namespace_id="client", sw_if_index=self.loop1.sw_if_index
+        )
 
         # Add inter-table routes
-        self.ip_t01 = VppIpRoute(self, self.loop1.local_ip4, 32,
-                                 [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                               0xffffffff,
-                                               nh_table_id=2)], table_id=1)
-        self.ip_t10 = VppIpRoute(self, self.loop0.local_ip4, 32,
-                                 [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                               0xffffffff,
-                                               nh_table_id=1)], table_id=2)
+        self.ip_t01 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            self.loop1.local_ip4,
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", 0xFFFFFFFF, nh_table_id=2)],
+            table_id=1,
+        )
+        self.ip_t10 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            self.loop0.local_ip4,
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", 0xFFFFFFFF, nh_table_id=1)],
+            table_id=2,
+        )
         self.ip_t01.add_vpp_config()
         self.ip_t10.add_vpp_config()
         self.logger.debug(self.vapi.cli("show ip fib"))
@@ -106,13 +123,15 @@ class QUICTestCase(VppTestCase):
 
 class QUICEchoIntTestCase(QUICTestCase):
     """QUIC Echo Internal Test Case"""
-    test_bytes = ' test-bytes'
+
+    test_bytes = " test-bytes"
     extra_vpp_punt_config = ["session", "{", "enable", "poll-main", "}"]
 
     def setUp(self):
         super(QUICEchoIntTestCase, self).setUp()
-        self.client_args = 'uri {uri} fifo-size 64{testbytes} appns client' \
-            .format(uri=self.uri, testbytes=self.test_bytes)
+        self.client_args = "uri {uri} fifo-size 64{testbytes} appns client".format(
+            uri=self.uri, testbytes=self.test_bytes
+        )
         self.server_args = "uri %s fifo-size 64 appns server" % self.uri
 
     def tearDown(self):
@@ -120,16 +139,16 @@ class QUICEchoIntTestCase(QUICTestCase):
 
     def server(self, *args):
         error = self.vapi.cli(
-            "test echo server %s %s" %
-            (self.server_args, ' '.join(args)))
+            "test echo server %s %s" % (self.server_args, " ".join(args))
+        )
         if error:
             self.logger.critical(error)
             self.assertNotIn("failed", error)
 
     def client(self, *args):
         error = self.vapi.cli(
-            "test echo client %s %s" %
-            (self.client_args, ' '.join(args)))
+            "test echo client %s %s" % (self.client_args, " ".join(args))
+        )
         if error:
             self.logger.critical(error)
             self.assertNotIn("failed", error)
@@ -138,6 +157,7 @@ class QUICEchoIntTestCase(QUICTestCase):
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 class QUICEchoIntTransferTestCase(QUICEchoIntTestCase):
     """QUIC Echo Internal Transfer Test Case"""
+
     def test_quic_int_transfer(self):
         """QUIC internal transfer"""
         self.server()
@@ -147,6 +167,7 @@ class QUICEchoIntTransferTestCase(QUICEchoIntTestCase):
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 class QUICEchoIntSerialTestCase(QUICEchoIntTestCase):
     """QUIC Echo Internal Serial Transfer Test Case"""
+
     def test_quic_serial_int_transfer(self):
         """QUIC serial internal transfer"""
         self.server()
@@ -160,6 +181,7 @@ class QUICEchoIntSerialTestCase(QUICEchoIntTestCase):
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 class QUICEchoIntMStreamTestCase(QUICEchoIntTestCase):
     """QUIC Echo Internal MultiStream Test Case"""
+
     def test_quic_int_multistream_transfer(self):
         """QUIC internal multi-stream transfer"""
         self.server()
@@ -176,36 +198,63 @@ class QUICEchoExtTestCase(QUICTestCase):
     vpp_worker_count = 1
     server_fifo_size = "1M"
     client_fifo_size = "4M"
-    extra_vpp_punt_config = ["session", "{",
-                             "enable", "poll-main", "evt_qs_memfd_seg",
-                             "evt_qs_seg_size", "64M",
-                             "event-queue-length", f"{evt_q_len}",
-                             "preallocated-sessions", "1024",
-                             "v4-session-table-buckets", "20000",
-                             "v4-session-table-memory", "64M",
-                             "v4-halfopen-table-buckets", "20000",
-                             "v4-halfopen-table-memory", "64M",
-                             "local-endpoints-table-buckets", "250000",
-                             "local-endpoints-table-memory", "512M",
-                             "}"]
+    extra_vpp_punt_config = [
+        "session",
+        "{",
+        "enable",
+        "poll-main",
+        "evt_qs_memfd_seg",
+        "evt_qs_seg_size",
+        "64M",
+        "event-queue-length",
+        f"{evt_q_len}",
+        "preallocated-sessions",
+        "1024",
+        "v4-session-table-buckets",
+        "20000",
+        "v4-session-table-memory",
+        "64M",
+        "v4-halfopen-table-buckets",
+        "20000",
+        "v4-halfopen-table-memory",
+        "64M",
+        "local-endpoints-table-buckets",
+        "250000",
+        "local-endpoints-table-memory",
+        "512M",
+        "}",
+    ]
 
     def setUp(self):
         super(QUICEchoExtTestCase, self).setUp()
         common_args = [
-            "uri", self.uri,
+            "uri",
+            self.uri,
             "json",
             self.test_bytes,
-            "socket-name", self.get_api_sock_path(),
-            "quic-setup", self.quic_setup,
-            "nthreads", "1",
-            "mq-size", f"{self.evt_q_len}"
+            "socket-name",
+            self.get_api_sock_path(),
+            "quic-setup",
+            self.quic_setup,
+            "nthreads",
+            "1",
+            "mq-size",
+            f"{self.evt_q_len}",
+        ]
+        self.server_echo_test_args = common_args + [
+            "server",
+            "appns",
+            "server",
+            "fifo-size",
+            f"{self.server_fifo_size}",
+        ]
+        self.client_echo_test_args = common_args + [
+            "client",
+            "appns",
+            "client",
+            "fifo-size",
+            f"{self.client_fifo_size}",
         ]
-        self.server_echo_test_args = common_args + \
-            ["server", "appns", "server", "fifo-size",
-             f"{self.server_fifo_size}"]
-        self.client_echo_test_args = common_args + \
-            ["client", "appns", "client", "fifo-size",
-             f"{self.client_fifo_size}"]
         error = self.vapi.cli("quic set fifo-size 2M")
         if error:
             self.logger.critical(error)
@@ -213,23 +262,13 @@ class QUICEchoExtTestCase(QUICTestCase):
 
     def server(self, *args):
         _args = self.server_echo_test_args + list(args)
-        self.worker_server = QUICAppWorker(
-            self.app,
-            _args,
-            self.logger,
-            'server',
-            self)
+        self.worker_server = QUICAppWorker(self.app, _args, self.logger, "server", self)
         self.worker_server.start()
         self.sleep(self.pre_test_sleep)
 
     def client(self, *args):
         _args = self.client_echo_test_args + list(args)
-        self.worker_client = QUICAppWorker(
-            self.app,
-            _args,
-            self.logger,
-            'client',
-            self)
+        self.worker_client = QUICAppWorker(self.app, _args, self.logger, "client", self)
         self.worker_client.start()
         timeout = None if self.debug_all else self.timeout
         self.worker_client.join(timeout)
@@ -246,22 +285,18 @@ class QUICEchoExtTestCase(QUICTestCase):
     def validate_ext_test_results(self):
         server_result = self.worker_server.result
         client_result = self.worker_client.result
-        self.logger.info("Server worker result is `%s'" %
-                         server_result)
-        self.logger.info("Client worker result is `%s'" %
-                         client_result)
+        self.logger.info("Server worker result is `%s'" % server_result)
+        self.logger.info("Client worker result is `%s'" % client_result)
         server_kill_error = False
         if self.worker_server.result is None:
-            server_kill_error = self.worker_server.teardown(
-                self.logger, self.timeout)
+            server_kill_error = self.worker_server.teardown(self.logger, self.timeout)
         if self.worker_client.result is None:
             self.worker_client.teardown(self.logger, self.timeout)
         err_msg = "Wrong server worker return code (%s)" % server_result
         self.assertEqual(server_result, 0, err_msg)
         self.assertIsNotNone(
-            client_result,
-            "Timeout! Client worker did not finish in %ss" %
-            self.timeout)
+            client_result, "Timeout! Client worker did not finish in %ss" % self.timeout
+        )
         err_msg = "Wrong client worker return code (%s)" % client_result
         self.assertEqual(client_result, 0, err_msg)
         self.assertFalse(server_kill_error, "Server kill errored")
@@ -269,6 +304,7 @@ class QUICEchoExtTestCase(QUICTestCase):
 
 class QUICEchoExtTransferTestCase(QUICEchoExtTestCase):
     """QUIC Echo External Transfer Test Case"""
+
     timeout = 60
 
     def test_quic_ext_transfer(self):
@@ -280,9 +316,10 @@ class QUICEchoExtTransferTestCase(QUICEchoExtTestCase):
 
 class QUICEchoExtTransferBigTestCase(QUICEchoExtTestCase):
     """QUIC Echo External Transfer Big Test Case"""
-    server_fifo_size = '4M'
-    client_fifo_size = '4M'
-    test_bytes = ''
+
+    server_fifo_size = "4M"
+    client_fifo_size = "4M"
+    test_bytes = ""
     timeout = 60
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
@@ -312,8 +349,7 @@ class QUICEchoExtQcloseTxTestCase(QUICEchoExtTestCase):
     @unittest.skip("testcase under development")
     def test_quic_ext_qclose_tx(self):
         """QUIC external transfer, tx close"""
-        self.server("TX=0", "RX=10M", "qclose=W", "sclose=W",
-                    "rx-results-diff")
+        self.server("TX=0", "RX=10M", "qclose=W", "sclose=W", "rx-results-diff")
         self.client("TX=10M", "RX=0", "qclose=Y", "sclose=N")
         self.validate_ext_test_results()
 
@@ -326,8 +362,7 @@ class QUICEchoExtEarlyQcloseRxTestCase(QUICEchoExtTestCase):
     def test_quic_ext_early_qclose_rx(self):
         """QUIC external transfer, early rx close"""
         self.server("TX=0", "RX=10M", "qclose=Y", "sclose=N")
-        self.client("TX=20M", "RX=0", "qclose=W", "sclose=W",
-                    "tx-results-diff")
+        self.client("TX=20M", "RX=0", "qclose=W", "sclose=W", "tx-results-diff")
         self.validate_ext_test_results()
 
 
@@ -338,8 +373,7 @@ class QUICEchoExtEarlyQcloseTxTestCase(QUICEchoExtTestCase):
     @unittest.skip("testcase under development")
     def test_quic_ext_early_qclose_tx(self):
         """QUIC external transfer, early tx close"""
-        self.server("TX=0", "RX=20M", "qclose=W", "sclose=W",
-                    "rx-results-diff")
+        self.server("TX=0", "RX=20M", "qclose=W", "sclose=W", "rx-results-diff")
         self.client("TX=10M", "RX=0", "qclose=Y", "sclose=N")
         self.validate_ext_test_results()
 
@@ -376,8 +410,7 @@ class QUICEchoExtEarlyScloseRxTestCase(QUICEchoExtTestCase):
     def test_quic_ext_early_sclose_rx(self):
         """QUIC external transfer, early rx stream close"""
         self.server("TX=0", "RX=10M", "qclose=N", "sclose=Y")
-        self.client("TX=20M", "RX=0", "qclose=W", "sclose=W",
-                    "tx-results-diff")
+        self.client("TX=20M", "RX=0", "qclose=W", "sclose=W", "tx-results-diff")
         self.validate_ext_test_results()
 
 
@@ -388,14 +421,14 @@ class QUICEchoExtEarlyScloseTxTestCase(QUICEchoExtTestCase):
     @unittest.skip("testcase under development")
     def test_quic_ext_early_sclose_tx(self):
         """QUIC external transfer, early tx stream close"""
-        self.server("TX=0", "RX=20M", "qclose=W", "sclose=W",
-                    "rx-results-diff")
+        self.server("TX=0", "RX=20M", "qclose=W", "sclose=W", "rx-results-diff")
         self.client("TX=10M", "RX=0", "qclose=Y", "sclose=Y")
         self.validate_ext_test_results()
 
 
 class QUICEchoExtServerStreamTestCase(QUICEchoExtTestCase):
     """QUIC Echo External Transfer Server Stream Test Case"""
+
     quic_setup = "serverstream"
     timeout = 60
 
@@ -408,10 +441,11 @@ class QUICEchoExtServerStreamTestCase(QUICEchoExtTestCase):
 
 class QUICEchoExtServerStreamBigTestCase(QUICEchoExtTestCase):
     """QUIC Echo External Transfer Server Stream Big Test Case"""
+
     quic_setup = "serverstream"
-    server_fifo_size = '4M'
-    client_fifo_size = '4M'
-    test_bytes = ''
+    server_fifo_size = "4M"
+    client_fifo_size = "4M"
+    test_bytes = ""
     timeout = 60
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
@@ -424,6 +458,7 @@ class QUICEchoExtServerStreamBigTestCase(QUICEchoExtTestCase):
 
 class QUICEchoExtServerStreamQcloseRxTestCase(QUICEchoExtTestCase):
     """QUIC Echo External Transfer Server Stream Qclose Rx Test Case"""
+
     quic_setup = "serverstream"
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
@@ -437,6 +472,7 @@ class QUICEchoExtServerStreamQcloseRxTestCase(QUICEchoExtTestCase):
 
 class QUICEchoExtServerStreamQcloseTxTestCase(QUICEchoExtTestCase):
     """QUIC Echo External Transfer Server Stream Qclose Tx Test Case"""
+
     quic_setup = "serverstream"
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
@@ -444,27 +480,27 @@ class QUICEchoExtServerStreamQcloseTxTestCase(QUICEchoExtTestCase):
     def test_quic_ext_server_stream_qclose_tx(self):
         """QUIC external server transfer, tx close"""
         self.server("TX=10M", "RX=0", "qclose=Y", "sclose=N")
-        self.client("TX=0", "RX=10M", "qclose=W", "sclose=W",
-                    "rx-results-diff")
+        self.client("TX=0", "RX=10M", "qclose=W", "sclose=W", "rx-results-diff")
         self.validate_ext_test_results()
 
 
 class QUICEchoExtServerStreamEarlyQcloseRxTestCase(QUICEchoExtTestCase):
     """QUIC Echo External Transfer Server Stream Early Qclose Rx Test Case"""
+
     quic_setup = "serverstream"
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
     @unittest.skip("testcase under development")
     def test_quic_ext_server_stream_early_qclose_rx(self):
         """QUIC external server transfer, early rx close"""
-        self.server("TX=20M", "RX=0", "qclose=W", "sclose=W",
-                    "tx-results-diff")
+        self.server("TX=20M", "RX=0", "qclose=W", "sclose=W", "tx-results-diff")
         self.client("TX=0", "RX=10M", "qclose=Y", "sclose=N")
         self.validate_ext_test_results()
 
 
 class QUICEchoExtServerStreamEarlyQcloseTxTestCase(QUICEchoExtTestCase):
     """QUIC Echo External Transfer Server Stream Early Qclose Tx Test Case"""
+
     quic_setup = "serverstream"
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
@@ -472,13 +508,13 @@ class QUICEchoExtServerStreamEarlyQcloseTxTestCase(QUICEchoExtTestCase):
     def test_quic_ext_server_stream_early_qclose_tx(self):
         """QUIC external server transfer, early tx close"""
         self.server("TX=10M", "RX=0", "qclose=Y", "sclose=N")
-        self.client("TX=0", "RX=20M", "qclose=W", "sclose=W",
-                    "rx-results-diff")
+        self.client("TX=0", "RX=20M", "qclose=W", "sclose=W", "rx-results-diff")
         self.validate_ext_test_results()
 
 
 class QUICEchoExtServerStreamScloseRxTestCase(QUICEchoExtTestCase):
     """QUIC Echo External Transfer Server Stream Sclose Rx Test Case"""
+
     quic_setup = "serverstream"
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
@@ -492,6 +528,7 @@ class QUICEchoExtServerStreamScloseRxTestCase(QUICEchoExtTestCase):
 
 class QUICEchoExtServerStreamScloseTxTestCase(QUICEchoExtTestCase):
     """QUIC Echo External Transfer Server Stream Sclose Tx Test Case"""
+
     quic_setup = "serverstream"
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
@@ -505,20 +542,21 @@ class QUICEchoExtServerStreamScloseTxTestCase(QUICEchoExtTestCase):
 
 class QUICEchoExtServerStreamEarlyScloseRxTestCase(QUICEchoExtTestCase):
     """QUIC Echo External Transfer Server Stream Early Sclose Rx Test Case"""
+
     quic_setup = "serverstream"
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
     @unittest.skip("testcase under development")
     def test_quic_ext_server_stream_early_sclose_rx(self):
         """QUIC external server transfer, early rx stream close"""
-        self.server("TX=20M", "RX=0", "qclose=W", "sclose=W",
-                    "tx-results-diff")
+        self.server("TX=20M", "RX=0", "qclose=W", "sclose=W", "tx-results-diff")
         self.client("TX=0", "RX=10M", "qclose=N", "sclose=Y")
         self.validate_ext_test_results()
 
 
 class QUICEchoExtServerStreamEarlyScloseTxTestCase(QUICEchoExtTestCase):
     """QUIC Echo Ext Transfer Server Stream Early Sclose Tx Test Case"""
+
     quic_setup = "serverstream"
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
@@ -526,13 +564,13 @@ class QUICEchoExtServerStreamEarlyScloseTxTestCase(QUICEchoExtTestCase):
     def test_quic_ext_server_stream_early_sclose_tx(self):
         """QUIC external server transfer, early tx stream close"""
         self.server("TX=10M", "RX=0", "qclose=Y", "sclose=Y")
-        self.client("TX=0", "RX=20M", "qclose=W", "sclose=W",
-                    "rx-results-diff")
+        self.client("TX=0", "RX=20M", "qclose=W", "sclose=W", "rx-results-diff")
         self.validate_ext_test_results()
 
 
 class QUICEchoExtServerStreamWorkersTestCase(QUICEchoExtTestCase):
     """QUIC Echo External Transfer Server Stream MultiWorker Test Case"""
+
     quic_setup = "serverstream"
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
@@ -544,5 +582,5 @@ class QUICEchoExtServerStreamWorkersTestCase(QUICEchoExtTestCase):
         self.validate_ext_test_results()
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_reassembly.py b/test/test_reassembly.py
index 4c7a7cd320b..cebe5837763 100644
--- a/test/test_reassembly.py
+++ b/test/test_reassembly.py
@@ -9,10 +9,18 @@ import scapy.compat
 from scapy.packet import Raw
 from scapy.layers.l2 import Ether, GRE
 from scapy.layers.inet import IP, UDP, ICMP, icmptypes
-from scapy.layers.inet6 import HBHOptUnknown, ICMPv6ParamProblem,\
-    ICMPv6TimeExceeded, IPv6, IPv6ExtHdrFragment,\
-    IPv6ExtHdrHopByHop, IPv6ExtHdrDestOpt, PadN, ICMPv6EchoRequest,\
-    ICMPv6EchoReply
+from scapy.layers.inet6 import (
+    HBHOptUnknown,
+    ICMPv6ParamProblem,
+    ICMPv6TimeExceeded,
+    IPv6,
+    IPv6ExtHdrFragment,
+    IPv6ExtHdrHopByHop,
+    IPv6ExtHdrDestOpt,
+    PadN,
+    ICMPv6EchoRequest,
+    ICMPv6EchoReply,
+)
 from framework import VppTestCase, VppTestRunner
 from util import ppp, ppc, fragment_rfc791, fragment_rfc8200
 from vpp_gre_interface import VppGreInterface
@@ -25,7 +33,7 @@ test_packet_count = 35
 
 
 class TestIPv4Reassembly(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv4 Reassembly """
+    """IPv4 Reassembly"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -52,21 +60,29 @@ class TestIPv4Reassembly(VppTestCase):
         super().tearDownClass()
 
     def setUp(self):
-        """ Test setup - force timeout on existing reassemblies """
+        """Test setup - force timeout on existing reassemblies"""
         super().setUp()
         self.vapi.ip_reassembly_enable_disable(
-            sw_if_index=self.src_if.sw_if_index, enable_ip4=True)
-        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(timeout_ms=0, max_reassemblies=1000,
-                                    max_reassembly_length=1000,
-                                    expire_walk_interval_ms=10)
-        self.virtual_sleep(.25)
-        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(timeout_ms=1000000, max_reassemblies=1000,
-                                    max_reassembly_length=1000,
-                                    expire_walk_interval_ms=10000)
+            sw_if_index=self.src_if.sw_if_index, enable_ip4=True
+        )
+        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(
+            timeout_ms=0,
+            max_reassemblies=1000,
+            max_reassembly_length=1000,
+            expire_walk_interval_ms=10,
+        )
+        self.virtual_sleep(0.25)
+        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(
+            timeout_ms=1000000,
+            max_reassemblies=1000,
+            max_reassembly_length=1000,
+            expire_walk_interval_ms=10000,
+        )
 
     def tearDown(self):
         self.vapi.ip_reassembly_enable_disable(
-            sw_if_index=self.src_if.sw_if_index, enable_ip4=False)
+            sw_if_index=self.src_if.sw_if_index, enable_ip4=False
+        )
         super().tearDown()
 
     def show_commands_at_teardown(self):
@@ -82,11 +98,14 @@ class TestIPv4Reassembly(VppTestCase):
         for i in range(0, packet_count):
             info = cls.create_packet_info(cls.src_if, cls.src_if)
             payload = cls.info_to_payload(info)
-            p = (Ether(dst=cls.src_if.local_mac, src=cls.src_if.remote_mac) /
-                 IP(id=info.index, src=cls.src_if.remote_ip4,
-                    dst=cls.dst_if.remote_ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678) /
-                 Raw(payload))
+            p = (
+                Ether(dst=cls.src_if.local_mac, src=cls.src_if.remote_mac)
+                / IP(
+                    id=info.index, src=cls.src_if.remote_ip4, dst=cls.dst_if.remote_ip4
+                )
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678)
+                / Raw(payload)
+            )
             size = packet_sizes[(i // 2) % len(packet_sizes)]
             cls.extend_packet(p, size, cls.padding)
             info.data = p
@@ -101,20 +120,21 @@ class TestIPv4Reassembly(VppTestCase):
             #                      p.__class__(scapy.compat.raw(p))))
             fragments_400 = fragment_rfc791(p, 400)
             fragments_300 = fragment_rfc791(p, 300)
-            fragments_200 = [
-                x for f in fragments_400 for x in fragment_rfc791(f, 200)]
-            cls.pkt_infos.append(
-                (index, fragments_400, fragments_300, fragments_200))
-        cls.fragments_400 = [
-            x for (_, frags, _, _) in cls.pkt_infos for x in frags]
-        cls.fragments_300 = [
-            x for (_, _, frags, _) in cls.pkt_infos for x in frags]
-        cls.fragments_200 = [
-            x for (_, _, _, frags) in cls.pkt_infos for x in frags]
-        cls.logger.debug("Fragmented %s packets into %s 400-byte fragments, "
-                         "%s 300-byte fragments and %s 200-byte fragments" %
-                         (len(infos), len(cls.fragments_400),
-                             len(cls.fragments_300), len(cls.fragments_200)))
+            fragments_200 = [x for f in fragments_400 for x in fragment_rfc791(f, 200)]
+            cls.pkt_infos.append((index, fragments_400, fragments_300, fragments_200))
+        cls.fragments_400 = [x for (_, frags, _, _) in cls.pkt_infos for x in frags]
+        cls.fragments_300 = [x for (_, _, frags, _) in cls.pkt_infos for x in frags]
+        cls.fragments_200 = [x for (_, _, _, frags) in cls.pkt_infos for x in frags]
+        cls.logger.debug(
+            "Fragmented %s packets into %s 400-byte fragments, "
+            "%s 300-byte fragments and %s 200-byte fragments"
+            % (
+                len(infos),
+                len(cls.fragments_400),
+                len(cls.fragments_300),
+                len(cls.fragments_200),
+            )
+        )
 
     def verify_capture(self, capture, dropped_packet_indexes=[]):
         """Verify captured packet stream.
@@ -132,7 +152,8 @@ class TestIPv4Reassembly(VppTestCase):
                 packet_index = payload_info.index
                 self.assertTrue(
                     packet_index not in dropped_packet_indexes,
-                    ppp("Packet received, but should be dropped:", packet))
+                    ppp("Packet received, but should be dropped:", packet),
+                )
                 if packet_index in seen:
                     raise Exception(ppp("Duplicate packet received", packet))
                 seen.add(packet_index)
@@ -148,11 +169,13 @@ class TestIPv4Reassembly(VppTestCase):
                 self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:", packet))
                 raise
         for index in self._packet_infos:
-            self.assertTrue(index in seen or index in dropped_packet_indexes,
-                            "Packet with packet_index %d not received" % index)
+            self.assertTrue(
+                index in seen or index in dropped_packet_indexes,
+                "Packet with packet_index %d not received" % index,
+            )
 
     def test_reassembly(self):
-        """ basic reassembly """
+        """basic reassembly"""
 
         self.pg_enable_capture()
         self.src_if.add_stream(self.fragments_200)
@@ -172,7 +195,7 @@ class TestIPv4Reassembly(VppTestCase):
         self.src_if.assert_nothing_captured()
 
     def test_verify_clear_trace_mid_reassembly(self):
-        """ verify clear trace works mid-reassembly """
+        """verify clear trace works mid-reassembly"""
 
         self.pg_enable_capture()
         self.src_if.add_stream(self.fragments_200[0:-1])
@@ -187,7 +210,7 @@ class TestIPv4Reassembly(VppTestCase):
         self.verify_capture(packets)
 
     def test_reversed(self):
-        """ reverse order reassembly """
+        """reverse order reassembly"""
 
         fragments = list(self.fragments_200)
         fragments.reverse()
@@ -210,27 +233,33 @@ class TestIPv4Reassembly(VppTestCase):
         self.src_if.assert_nothing_captured()
 
     def test_long_fragment_chain(self):
-        """ long fragment chain """
+        """long fragment chain"""
 
-        error_cnt_str = \
+        error_cnt_str = (
             "/err/ip4-full-reassembly-feature/fragment chain too long (drop)"
+        )
 
         error_cnt = self.statistics.get_err_counter(error_cnt_str)
 
-        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(timeout_ms=100, max_reassemblies=1000,
-                                    max_reassembly_length=3,
-                                    expire_walk_interval_ms=50)
+        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(
+            timeout_ms=100,
+            max_reassemblies=1000,
+            max_reassembly_length=3,
+            expire_walk_interval_ms=50,
+        )
 
-        p1 = (Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac) /
-              IP(id=1000, src=self.src_if.remote_ip4,
-                 dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip4) /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678) /
-              Raw(b"X" * 1000))
-        p2 = (Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac) /
-              IP(id=1001, src=self.src_if.remote_ip4,
-                 dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip4) /
-              UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678) /
-              Raw(b"X" * 1000))
+        p1 = (
+            Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac)
+            / IP(id=1000, src=self.src_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678)
+            / Raw(b"X" * 1000)
+        )
+        p2 = (
+            Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac)
+            / IP(id=1001, src=self.src_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678)
+            / Raw(b"X" * 1000)
+        )
         frags = fragment_rfc791(p1, 200) + fragment_rfc791(p2, 500)
 
         self.pg_enable_capture()
@@ -241,19 +270,20 @@ class TestIPv4Reassembly(VppTestCase):
         self.assert_error_counter_equal(error_cnt_str, error_cnt + 1)
 
     def test_5737(self):
-        """ fragment length + ip header size > 65535 """
+        """fragment length + ip header size > 65535"""
         self.vapi.cli("clear errors")
-        raw = b'''E\x00\x00\x88,\xf8\x1f\xfe@\x01\x98\x00\xc0\xa8\n-\xc0\xa8\n\
+        raw = b"""E\x00\x00\x88,\xf8\x1f\xfe@\x01\x98\x00\xc0\xa8\n-\xc0\xa8\n\
 \x01\x08\x00\xf0J\xed\xcb\xf1\xf5Test-group: IPv4.IPv4.ipv4-message.\
-Ethernet-Payload.IPv4-Packet.IPv4-Header.Fragment-Offset; Test-case: 5737'''
-        malformed_packet = (Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac,
-                                  src=self.src_if.remote_mac) /
-                            IP(raw))
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac) /
-             IP(id=1000, src=self.src_if.remote_ip4,
-                dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678) /
-             Raw(b"X" * 1000))
+Ethernet-Payload.IPv4-Packet.IPv4-Header.Fragment-Offset; Test-case: 5737"""
+        malformed_packet = Ether(
+            dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac
+        ) / IP(raw)
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac)
+            / IP(id=1000, src=self.src_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678)
+            / Raw(b"X" * 1000)
+        )
         valid_fragments = fragment_rfc791(p, 400)
 
         counter = "/err/ip4-full-reassembly-feature/malformed packets"
@@ -264,33 +294,50 @@ Ethernet-Payload.IPv4-Packet.IPv4-Header.Fragment-Offset; Test-case: 5737'''
 
         self.dst_if.get_capture(1)
         self.logger.debug(self.vapi.ppcli("show error"))
-        self.assertEqual(self.statistics.get_err_counter(counter),
-                         error_counter + 1)
+        self.assertEqual(self.statistics.get_err_counter(counter), error_counter + 1)
 
     def test_44924(self):
-        """ compress tiny fragments """
-        packets = [(Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac,
-                          src=self.src_if.remote_mac) /
-                    IP(id=24339, flags="MF", frag=0, ttl=64,
-                       src=self.src_if.remote_ip4,
-                       dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip4) /
-                    ICMP(type="echo-request", code=0, id=0x1fe6, seq=0x2407) /
-                    Raw(load='Test-group: IPv4')),
-                   (Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac,
-                          src=self.src_if.remote_mac) /
-                    IP(id=24339, flags="MF", frag=3, ttl=64,
-                       src=self.src_if.remote_ip4,
-                       dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip4) /
-                    ICMP(type="echo-request", code=0, id=0x1fe6, seq=0x2407) /
-                    Raw(load='.IPv4.Fragmentation.vali')),
-                   (Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac,
-                          src=self.src_if.remote_mac) /
-                    IP(id=24339, frag=6, ttl=64,
-                       src=self.src_if.remote_ip4,
-                       dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip4) /
-                    ICMP(type="echo-request", code=0, id=0x1fe6, seq=0x2407) /
-                    Raw(load='d; Test-case: 44924'))
-                   ]
+        """compress tiny fragments"""
+        packets = [
+            (
+                Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac)
+                / IP(
+                    id=24339,
+                    flags="MF",
+                    frag=0,
+                    ttl=64,
+                    src=self.src_if.remote_ip4,
+                    dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip4,
+                )
+                / ICMP(type="echo-request", code=0, id=0x1FE6, seq=0x2407)
+                / Raw(load="Test-group: IPv4")
+            ),
+            (
+                Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac)
+                / IP(
+                    id=24339,
+                    flags="MF",
+                    frag=3,
+                    ttl=64,
+                    src=self.src_if.remote_ip4,
+                    dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip4,
+                )
+                / ICMP(type="echo-request", code=0, id=0x1FE6, seq=0x2407)
+                / Raw(load=".IPv4.Fragmentation.vali")
+            ),
+            (
+                Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac)
+                / IP(
+                    id=24339,
+                    frag=6,
+                    ttl=64,
+                    src=self.src_if.remote_ip4,
+                    dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip4,
+                )
+                / ICMP(type="echo-request", code=0, id=0x1FE6, seq=0x2407)
+                / Raw(load="d; Test-case: 44924")
+            ),
+        ]
 
         self.pg_enable_capture()
         self.src_if.add_stream(packets)
@@ -299,27 +346,42 @@ Ethernet-Payload.IPv4-Packet.IPv4-Header.Fragment-Offset; Test-case: 5737'''
         self.dst_if.get_capture(1)
 
     def test_frag_1(self):
-        """ fragment of size 1 """
+        """fragment of size 1"""
         self.vapi.cli("clear errors")
-        malformed_packets = [(Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac,
-                                    src=self.src_if.remote_mac) /
-                              IP(id=7, len=21, flags="MF", frag=0, ttl=64,
-                                 src=self.src_if.remote_ip4,
-                                 dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip4) /
-                              ICMP(type="echo-request")),
-                             (Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac,
-                                    src=self.src_if.remote_mac) /
-                              IP(id=7, len=21, frag=1, ttl=64,
-                                 src=self.src_if.remote_ip4,
-                                 dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip4) /
-                              Raw(load=b'\x08')),
-                             ]
+        malformed_packets = [
+            (
+                Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac)
+                / IP(
+                    id=7,
+                    len=21,
+                    flags="MF",
+                    frag=0,
+                    ttl=64,
+                    src=self.src_if.remote_ip4,
+                    dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip4,
+                )
+                / ICMP(type="echo-request")
+            ),
+            (
+                Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac)
+                / IP(
+                    id=7,
+                    len=21,
+                    frag=1,
+                    ttl=64,
+                    src=self.src_if.remote_ip4,
+                    dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip4,
+                )
+                / Raw(load=b"\x08")
+            ),
+        ]
 
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac) /
-             IP(id=1000, src=self.src_if.remote_ip4,
-                dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678) /
-             Raw(b"X" * 1000))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac)
+            / IP(id=1000, src=self.src_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678)
+            / Raw(b"X" * 1000)
+        )
         valid_fragments = fragment_rfc791(p, 400)
 
         self.pg_enable_capture()
@@ -335,7 +397,7 @@ Ethernet-Payload.IPv4-Packet.IPv4-Header.Fragment-Offset; Test-case: 5737'''
         #     "/err/ip4-full-reassembly-feature/malformed packets", 1)
 
     def test_random(self):
-        """ random order reassembly """
+        """random order reassembly"""
 
         fragments = list(self.fragments_200)
         shuffle(fragments)
@@ -358,10 +420,11 @@ Ethernet-Payload.IPv4-Packet.IPv4-Header.Fragment-Offset; Test-case: 5737'''
         self.src_if.assert_nothing_captured()
 
     def test_duplicates(self):
-        """ duplicate fragments """
+        """duplicate fragments"""
 
         fragments = [
-            x for (_, frags, _, _) in self.pkt_infos
+            x
+            for (_, frags, _, _) in self.pkt_infos
             for x in frags
             for _ in range(0, min(2, len(frags)))
         ]
@@ -375,7 +438,7 @@ Ethernet-Payload.IPv4-Packet.IPv4-Header.Fragment-Offset; Test-case: 5737'''
         self.src_if.assert_nothing_captured()
 
     def test_overlap1(self):
-        """ overlapping fragments case #1 """
+        """overlapping fragments case #1"""
 
         fragments = []
         for _, _, frags_300, frags_200 in self.pkt_infos:
@@ -404,7 +467,7 @@ Ethernet-Payload.IPv4-Packet.IPv4-Header.Fragment-Offset; Test-case: 5737'''
         self.src_if.assert_nothing_captured()
 
     def test_overlap2(self):
-        """ overlapping fragments case #2 """
+        """overlapping fragments case #2"""
 
         fragments = []
         for _, _, frags_300, frags_200 in self.pkt_infos:
@@ -439,94 +502,112 @@ Ethernet-Payload.IPv4-Packet.IPv4-Header.Fragment-Offset; Test-case: 5737'''
         self.src_if.assert_nothing_captured()
 
     def test_timeout_inline(self):
-        """ timeout (inline) """
+        """timeout (inline)"""
 
         dropped_packet_indexes = set(
             index for (index, frags, _, _) in self.pkt_infos if len(frags) > 1
         )
 
-        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(timeout_ms=0, max_reassemblies=1000,
-                                    max_reassembly_length=3,
-                                    expire_walk_interval_ms=10000)
+        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(
+            timeout_ms=0,
+            max_reassemblies=1000,
+            max_reassembly_length=3,
+            expire_walk_interval_ms=10000,
+        )
 
         self.pg_enable_capture()
         self.src_if.add_stream(self.fragments_400)
         self.pg_start()
 
         packets = self.dst_if.get_capture(
-            len(self.pkt_infos) - len(dropped_packet_indexes))
+            len(self.pkt_infos) - len(dropped_packet_indexes)
+        )
         self.verify_capture(packets, dropped_packet_indexes)
         self.src_if.assert_nothing_captured()
 
     def test_timeout_cleanup(self):
-        """ timeout (cleanup) """
+        """timeout (cleanup)"""
 
         # whole packets + fragmented packets sans last fragment
         fragments = [
-            x for (_, frags_400, _, _) in self.pkt_infos
-            for x in frags_400[:-1 if len(frags_400) > 1 else None]
+            x
+            for (_, frags_400, _, _) in self.pkt_infos
+            for x in frags_400[: -1 if len(frags_400) > 1 else None]
         ]
 
         # last fragments for fragmented packets
-        fragments2 = [frags_400[-1]
-                      for (_, frags_400, _, _) in self.pkt_infos
-                      if len(frags_400) > 1]
+        fragments2 = [
+            frags_400[-1]
+            for (_, frags_400, _, _) in self.pkt_infos
+            if len(frags_400) > 1
+        ]
 
         dropped_packet_indexes = set(
-            index for (index, frags_400, _, _) in self.pkt_infos
-            if len(frags_400) > 1)
+            index for (index, frags_400, _, _) in self.pkt_infos if len(frags_400) > 1
+        )
 
-        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(timeout_ms=100, max_reassemblies=1000,
-                                    max_reassembly_length=1000,
-                                    expire_walk_interval_ms=50)
+        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(
+            timeout_ms=100,
+            max_reassemblies=1000,
+            max_reassembly_length=1000,
+            expire_walk_interval_ms=50,
+        )
 
         self.pg_enable_capture()
         self.src_if.add_stream(fragments)
         self.pg_start()
 
-        self.virtual_sleep(.25, "wait before sending rest of fragments")
+        self.virtual_sleep(0.25, "wait before sending rest of fragments")
 
         self.src_if.add_stream(fragments2)
         self.pg_start()
 
         packets = self.dst_if.get_capture(
-            len(self.pkt_infos) - len(dropped_packet_indexes))
+            len(self.pkt_infos) - len(dropped_packet_indexes)
+        )
         self.verify_capture(packets, dropped_packet_indexes)
         self.src_if.assert_nothing_captured()
 
     def test_disabled(self):
-        """ reassembly disabled """
+        """reassembly disabled"""
 
         dropped_packet_indexes = set(
-            index for (index, frags_400, _, _) in self.pkt_infos
-            if len(frags_400) > 1)
+            index for (index, frags_400, _, _) in self.pkt_infos if len(frags_400) > 1
+        )
 
-        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(timeout_ms=1000, max_reassemblies=0,
-                                    max_reassembly_length=3,
-                                    expire_walk_interval_ms=10000)
+        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(
+            timeout_ms=1000,
+            max_reassemblies=0,
+            max_reassembly_length=3,
+            expire_walk_interval_ms=10000,
+        )
 
         self.pg_enable_capture()
         self.src_if.add_stream(self.fragments_400)
         self.pg_start()
 
         packets = self.dst_if.get_capture(
-            len(self.pkt_infos) - len(dropped_packet_indexes))
+            len(self.pkt_infos) - len(dropped_packet_indexes)
+        )
         self.verify_capture(packets, dropped_packet_indexes)
         self.src_if.assert_nothing_captured()
 
     def test_local_enable_disable(self):
-        """ local reassembly enabled/disable """
+        """local reassembly enabled/disable"""
         self.vapi.ip_reassembly_enable_disable(
-            sw_if_index=self.src_if.sw_if_index, enable_ip4=False)
+            sw_if_index=self.src_if.sw_if_index, enable_ip4=False
+        )
         self.vapi.ip_local_reass_enable_disable(enable_ip4=True)
-        p = (Ether(src=self.src_if.remote_mac, dst=self.src_if.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.src_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.src_if.local_ip4) /
-             ICMP(id=1234, type='echo-request') /
-             Raw('x' * 1000))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.src_if.remote_mac, dst=self.src_if.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.src_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.src_if.local_ip4)
+            / ICMP(id=1234, type="echo-request")
+            / Raw("x" * 1000)
+        )
         frags = fragment_rfc791(p, 400)
         r = self.send_and_expect(self.src_if, frags, self.src_if, n_rx=1)[0]
         self.assertEqual(1234, r[ICMP].id)
-        self.assertEqual(icmptypes[r[ICMP].type], 'echo-reply')
+        self.assertEqual(icmptypes[r[ICMP].type], "echo-reply")
         self.vapi.ip_local_reass_enable_disable()
 
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.src_if, frags)
@@ -534,7 +615,7 @@ Ethernet-Payload.IPv4-Packet.IPv4-Header.Fragment-Offset; Test-case: 5737'''
 
 
 class TestIPv4SVReassembly(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv4 Shallow Virtual Reassembly """
+    """IPv4 Shallow Virtual Reassembly"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -551,22 +632,28 @@ class TestIPv4SVReassembly(VppTestCase):
             i.resolve_arp()
 
     def setUp(self):
-        """ Test setup - force timeout on existing reassemblies """
+        """Test setup - force timeout on existing reassemblies"""
         super().setUp()
         self.vapi.ip_reassembly_enable_disable(
-            sw_if_index=self.src_if.sw_if_index, enable_ip4=True,
-            type=VppEnum.vl_api_ip_reass_type_t.IP_REASS_TYPE_SHALLOW_VIRTUAL)
+            sw_if_index=self.src_if.sw_if_index,
+            enable_ip4=True,
+            type=VppEnum.vl_api_ip_reass_type_t.IP_REASS_TYPE_SHALLOW_VIRTUAL,
+        )
         self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(
-            timeout_ms=0, max_reassemblies=1000,
+            timeout_ms=0,
+            max_reassemblies=1000,
             max_reassembly_length=1000,
             type=VppEnum.vl_api_ip_reass_type_t.IP_REASS_TYPE_SHALLOW_VIRTUAL,
-            expire_walk_interval_ms=10)
-        self.virtual_sleep(.25)
+            expire_walk_interval_ms=10,
+        )
+        self.virtual_sleep(0.25)
         self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(
-            timeout_ms=1000000, max_reassemblies=1000,
+            timeout_ms=1000000,
+            max_reassemblies=1000,
             max_reassembly_length=1000,
             type=VppEnum.vl_api_ip_reass_type_t.IP_REASS_TYPE_SHALLOW_VIRTUAL,
-            expire_walk_interval_ms=10000)
+            expire_walk_interval_ms=10000,
+        )
 
     def tearDown(self):
         super().tearDown()
@@ -574,7 +661,7 @@ class TestIPv4SVReassembly(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.debug(self.vapi.ppcli("show buffers"))
 
     def test_basic(self):
-        """ basic reassembly """
+        """basic reassembly"""
         payload_len = 1000
         payload = ""
         counter = 0
@@ -582,12 +669,13 @@ class TestIPv4SVReassembly(VppTestCase):
             payload += "%u " % counter
             counter += 1
 
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac) /
-             IP(id=1, src=self.src_if.remote_ip4,
-                dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678) /
-             Raw(payload))
-        fragments = fragment_rfc791(p, payload_len/4)
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac)
+            / IP(id=1, src=self.src_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678)
+            / Raw(payload)
+        )
+        fragments = fragment_rfc791(p, payload_len / 4)
 
         # send fragment #2 - should be cached inside reassembly
         self.pg_enable_capture()
@@ -623,7 +711,7 @@ class TestIPv4SVReassembly(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(sent[Raw].payload, recvd[Raw].payload)
 
     def test_verify_clear_trace_mid_reassembly(self):
-        """ verify clear trace works mid-reassembly """
+        """verify clear trace works mid-reassembly"""
         payload_len = 1000
         payload = ""
         counter = 0
@@ -631,12 +719,13 @@ class TestIPv4SVReassembly(VppTestCase):
             payload += "%u " % counter
             counter += 1
 
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac) /
-             IP(id=1, src=self.src_if.remote_ip4,
-                dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678) /
-             Raw(payload))
-        fragments = fragment_rfc791(p, payload_len/4)
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac)
+            / IP(id=1, src=self.src_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678)
+            / Raw(payload)
+        )
+        fragments = fragment_rfc791(p, payload_len / 4)
 
         self.pg_enable_capture()
         self.src_if.add_stream(fragments[1])
@@ -659,7 +748,7 @@ class TestIPv4SVReassembly(VppTestCase):
         self.dst_if.get_capture(len(fragments[2:]))
 
     def test_timeout(self):
-        """ reassembly timeout """
+        """reassembly timeout"""
         payload_len = 1000
         payload = ""
         counter = 0
@@ -667,18 +756,21 @@ class TestIPv4SVReassembly(VppTestCase):
             payload += "%u " % counter
             counter += 1
 
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac) /
-             IP(id=1, src=self.src_if.remote_ip4,
-                dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678) /
-             Raw(payload))
-        fragments = fragment_rfc791(p, payload_len/4)
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac)
+            / IP(id=1, src=self.src_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678)
+            / Raw(payload)
+        )
+        fragments = fragment_rfc791(p, payload_len / 4)
 
         self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(
-            timeout_ms=100, max_reassemblies=1000,
+            timeout_ms=100,
+            max_reassemblies=1000,
             max_reassembly_length=1000,
             expire_walk_interval_ms=50,
-            type=VppEnum.vl_api_ip_reass_type_t.IP_REASS_TYPE_SHALLOW_VIRTUAL)
+            type=VppEnum.vl_api_ip_reass_type_t.IP_REASS_TYPE_SHALLOW_VIRTUAL,
+        )
 
         # send fragments #2 and #1 - should be forwarded
         self.pg_enable_capture()
@@ -694,7 +786,7 @@ class TestIPv4SVReassembly(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(sent[Raw].payload, recvd[Raw].payload)
 
         # wait for cleanup
-        self.virtual_sleep(.25, "wait before sending rest of fragments")
+        self.virtual_sleep(0.25, "wait before sending rest of fragments")
 
         # send rest of fragments - shouldn't be forwarded
         self.pg_enable_capture()
@@ -703,13 +795,15 @@ class TestIPv4SVReassembly(VppTestCase):
         self.dst_if.assert_nothing_captured()
 
     def test_lru(self):
-        """ reassembly reuses LRU element """
+        """reassembly reuses LRU element"""
 
         self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(
-            timeout_ms=1000000, max_reassemblies=1,
+            timeout_ms=1000000,
+            max_reassemblies=1,
             max_reassembly_length=1000,
             type=VppEnum.vl_api_ip_reass_type_t.IP_REASS_TYPE_SHALLOW_VIRTUAL,
-            expire_walk_interval_ms=10000)
+            expire_walk_interval_ms=10000,
+        )
 
         payload_len = 1000
         payload = ""
@@ -720,15 +814,17 @@ class TestIPv4SVReassembly(VppTestCase):
 
         packet_count = 10
 
-        fragments = [f
-                     for i in range(packet_count)
-                     for p in (Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac,
-                                     src=self.src_if.remote_mac) /
-                               IP(id=i, src=self.src_if.remote_ip4,
-                                   dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip4) /
-                               UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678) /
-                               Raw(payload))
-                     for f in fragment_rfc791(p, payload_len/4)]
+        fragments = [
+            f
+            for i in range(packet_count)
+            for p in (
+                Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac)
+                / IP(id=i, src=self.src_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678)
+                / Raw(payload)
+            )
+            for f in fragment_rfc791(p, payload_len / 4)
+        ]
 
         self.pg_enable_capture()
         self.src_if.add_stream(fragments)
@@ -742,16 +838,20 @@ class TestIPv4SVReassembly(VppTestCase):
     def send_mixed_and_verify_capture(self, traffic):
         stream = []
         for t in traffic:
-            for c in range(t['count']):
+            for c in range(t["count"]):
                 stream.append(
-                    (Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac,
-                           src=self.src_if.remote_mac) /
-                     IP(id=self.counter,
-                        flags=t['flags'],
-                        src=self.src_if.remote_ip4,
-                        dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip4) /
-                     UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678) /
-                     Raw("abcdef")))
+                    (
+                        Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac)
+                        / IP(
+                            id=self.counter,
+                            flags=t["flags"],
+                            src=self.src_if.remote_ip4,
+                            dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip4,
+                        )
+                        / UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678)
+                        / Raw("abcdef")
+                    )
+                )
                 self.counter = self.counter + 1
 
         self.pg_enable_capture()
@@ -763,58 +863,89 @@ class TestIPv4SVReassembly(VppTestCase):
         self.dst_if.get_capture(len(stream))
 
     def test_mixed(self):
-        """ mixed traffic correctly passes through SVR """
+        """mixed traffic correctly passes through SVR"""
         self.counter = 1
 
-        self.send_mixed_and_verify_capture([{'count': 1, 'flags': ''}])
-        self.send_mixed_and_verify_capture([{'count': 2, 'flags': ''}])
-        self.send_mixed_and_verify_capture([{'count': 3, 'flags': ''}])
-        self.send_mixed_and_verify_capture([{'count': 8, 'flags': ''}])
-        self.send_mixed_and_verify_capture([{'count': 257, 'flags': ''}])
+        self.send_mixed_and_verify_capture([{"count": 1, "flags": ""}])
+        self.send_mixed_and_verify_capture([{"count": 2, "flags": ""}])
+        self.send_mixed_and_verify_capture([{"count": 3, "flags": ""}])
+        self.send_mixed_and_verify_capture([{"count": 8, "flags": ""}])
+        self.send_mixed_and_verify_capture([{"count": 257, "flags": ""}])
 
-        self.send_mixed_and_verify_capture([{'count': 1, 'flags': 'MF'}])
-        self.send_mixed_and_verify_capture([{'count': 2, 'flags': 'MF'}])
-        self.send_mixed_and_verify_capture([{'count': 3, 'flags': 'MF'}])
-        self.send_mixed_and_verify_capture([{'count': 8, 'flags': 'MF'}])
-        self.send_mixed_and_verify_capture([{'count': 257, 'flags': 'MF'}])
+        self.send_mixed_and_verify_capture([{"count": 1, "flags": "MF"}])
+        self.send_mixed_and_verify_capture([{"count": 2, "flags": "MF"}])
+        self.send_mixed_and_verify_capture([{"count": 3, "flags": "MF"}])
+        self.send_mixed_and_verify_capture([{"count": 8, "flags": "MF"}])
+        self.send_mixed_and_verify_capture([{"count": 257, "flags": "MF"}])
 
         self.send_mixed_and_verify_capture(
-            [{'count': 1, 'flags': ''}, {'count': 1, 'flags': 'MF'}])
+            [{"count": 1, "flags": ""}, {"count": 1, "flags": "MF"}]
+        )
         self.send_mixed_and_verify_capture(
-            [{'count': 2, 'flags': ''}, {'count': 2, 'flags': 'MF'}])
+            [{"count": 2, "flags": ""}, {"count": 2, "flags": "MF"}]
+        )
         self.send_mixed_and_verify_capture(
-            [{'count': 3, 'flags': ''}, {'count': 3, 'flags': 'MF'}])
+            [{"count": 3, "flags": ""}, {"count": 3, "flags": "MF"}]
+        )
         self.send_mixed_and_verify_capture(
-            [{'count': 8, 'flags': ''}, {'count': 8, 'flags': 'MF'}])
+            [{"count": 8, "flags": ""}, {"count": 8, "flags": "MF"}]
+        )
         self.send_mixed_and_verify_capture(
-            [{'count': 129, 'flags': ''}, {'count': 129, 'flags': 'MF'}])
+            [{"count": 129, "flags": ""}, {"count": 129, "flags": "MF"}]
+        )
 
         self.send_mixed_and_verify_capture(
-            [{'count': 1, 'flags': ''}, {'count': 1, 'flags': 'MF'},
-             {'count': 1, 'flags': ''}, {'count': 1, 'flags': 'MF'}])
+            [
+                {"count": 1, "flags": ""},
+                {"count": 1, "flags": "MF"},
+                {"count": 1, "flags": ""},
+                {"count": 1, "flags": "MF"},
+            ]
+        )
         self.send_mixed_and_verify_capture(
-            [{'count': 2, 'flags': ''}, {'count': 2, 'flags': 'MF'},
-             {'count': 2, 'flags': ''}, {'count': 2, 'flags': 'MF'}])
+            [
+                {"count": 2, "flags": ""},
+                {"count": 2, "flags": "MF"},
+                {"count": 2, "flags": ""},
+                {"count": 2, "flags": "MF"},
+            ]
+        )
         self.send_mixed_and_verify_capture(
-            [{'count': 3, 'flags': ''}, {'count': 3, 'flags': 'MF'},
-             {'count': 3, 'flags': ''}, {'count': 3, 'flags': 'MF'}])
+            [
+                {"count": 3, "flags": ""},
+                {"count": 3, "flags": "MF"},
+                {"count": 3, "flags": ""},
+                {"count": 3, "flags": "MF"},
+            ]
+        )
         self.send_mixed_and_verify_capture(
-            [{'count': 8, 'flags': ''}, {'count': 8, 'flags': 'MF'},
-             {'count': 8, 'flags': ''}, {'count': 8, 'flags': 'MF'}])
+            [
+                {"count": 8, "flags": ""},
+                {"count": 8, "flags": "MF"},
+                {"count": 8, "flags": ""},
+                {"count": 8, "flags": "MF"},
+            ]
+        )
         self.send_mixed_and_verify_capture(
-            [{'count': 65, 'flags': ''}, {'count': 65, 'flags': 'MF'},
-             {'count': 65, 'flags': ''}, {'count': 65, 'flags': 'MF'}])
+            [
+                {"count": 65, "flags": ""},
+                {"count": 65, "flags": "MF"},
+                {"count": 65, "flags": ""},
+                {"count": 65, "flags": "MF"},
+            ]
+        )
 
 
 class TestIPv4MWReassembly(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv4 Reassembly (multiple workers) """
+    """IPv4 Reassembly (multiple workers)"""
+
     vpp_worker_count = 3
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
         super().setUpClass()
 
-        cls.create_pg_interfaces(range(cls.vpp_worker_count+1))
+        cls.create_pg_interfaces(range(cls.vpp_worker_count + 1))
         cls.src_if = cls.pg0
         cls.send_ifs = cls.pg_interfaces[:-1]
         cls.dst_if = cls.pg_interfaces[-1]
@@ -828,8 +959,12 @@ class TestIPv4MWReassembly(VppTestCase):
         # packets sizes reduced here because we are generating packets without
         # Ethernet headers, which are added later (diff fragments go via
         # different interfaces)
-        cls.packet_sizes = [64-len(Ether()), 512-len(Ether()),
-                            1518-len(Ether()), 9018-len(Ether())]
+        cls.packet_sizes = [
+            64 - len(Ether()),
+            512 - len(Ether()),
+            1518 - len(Ether()),
+            9018 - len(Ether()),
+        ]
         cls.padding = " abcdefghijklmn"
         cls.create_stream(cls.packet_sizes)
         cls.create_fragments()
@@ -839,23 +974,31 @@ class TestIPv4MWReassembly(VppTestCase):
         super().tearDownClass()
 
     def setUp(self):
-        """ Test setup - force timeout on existing reassemblies """
+        """Test setup - force timeout on existing reassemblies"""
         super().setUp()
         for intf in self.send_ifs:
             self.vapi.ip_reassembly_enable_disable(
-                sw_if_index=intf.sw_if_index, enable_ip4=True)
-        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(timeout_ms=0, max_reassemblies=1000,
-                                    max_reassembly_length=1000,
-                                    expire_walk_interval_ms=10)
-        self.virtual_sleep(.25)
-        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(timeout_ms=1000000, max_reassemblies=1000,
-                                    max_reassembly_length=1000,
-                                    expire_walk_interval_ms=10000)
+                sw_if_index=intf.sw_if_index, enable_ip4=True
+            )
+        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(
+            timeout_ms=0,
+            max_reassemblies=1000,
+            max_reassembly_length=1000,
+            expire_walk_interval_ms=10,
+        )
+        self.virtual_sleep(0.25)
+        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(
+            timeout_ms=1000000,
+            max_reassemblies=1000,
+            max_reassembly_length=1000,
+            expire_walk_interval_ms=10000,
+        )
 
     def tearDown(self):
         for intf in self.send_ifs:
             self.vapi.ip_reassembly_enable_disable(
-                sw_if_index=intf.sw_if_index, enable_ip4=False)
+                sw_if_index=intf.sw_if_index, enable_ip4=False
+            )
         super().tearDown()
 
     def show_commands_at_teardown(self):
@@ -871,10 +1014,11 @@ class TestIPv4MWReassembly(VppTestCase):
         for i in range(0, packet_count):
             info = cls.create_packet_info(cls.src_if, cls.src_if)
             payload = cls.info_to_payload(info)
-            p = (IP(id=info.index, src=cls.src_if.remote_ip4,
-                    dst=cls.dst_if.remote_ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678) /
-                 Raw(payload))
+            p = (
+                IP(id=info.index, src=cls.src_if.remote_ip4, dst=cls.dst_if.remote_ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678)
+                / Raw(payload)
+            )
             size = packet_sizes[(i // 2) % len(packet_sizes)]
             cls.extend_packet(p, size, cls.padding)
             info.data = p
@@ -889,10 +1033,11 @@ class TestIPv4MWReassembly(VppTestCase):
             #                      p.__class__(scapy.compat.raw(p))))
             fragments_400 = fragment_rfc791(p, 400)
             cls.pkt_infos.append((index, fragments_400))
-        cls.fragments_400 = [
-            x for (_, frags) in cls.pkt_infos for x in frags]
-        cls.logger.debug("Fragmented %s packets into %s 400-byte fragments, " %
-                         (len(infos), len(cls.fragments_400)))
+        cls.fragments_400 = [x for (_, frags) in cls.pkt_infos for x in frags]
+        cls.logger.debug(
+            "Fragmented %s packets into %s 400-byte fragments, "
+            % (len(infos), len(cls.fragments_400))
+        )
 
     def verify_capture(self, capture, dropped_packet_indexes=[]):
         """Verify captured packet stream.
@@ -910,7 +1055,8 @@ class TestIPv4MWReassembly(VppTestCase):
                 packet_index = payload_info.index
                 self.assertTrue(
                     packet_index not in dropped_packet_indexes,
-                    ppp("Packet received, but should be dropped:", packet))
+                    ppp("Packet received, but should be dropped:", packet),
+                )
                 if packet_index in seen:
                     raise Exception(ppp("Duplicate packet received", packet))
                 seen.add(packet_index)
@@ -926,8 +1072,10 @@ class TestIPv4MWReassembly(VppTestCase):
                 self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:", packet))
                 raise
         for index in self._packet_infos:
-            self.assertTrue(index in seen or index in dropped_packet_indexes,
-                            "Packet with packet_index %d not received" % index)
+            self.assertTrue(
+                index in seen or index in dropped_packet_indexes,
+                "Packet with packet_index %d not received" % index,
+            )
 
     def send_packets(self, packets):
         for counter in range(self.vpp_worker_count):
@@ -935,13 +1083,16 @@ class TestIPv4MWReassembly(VppTestCase):
                 continue
             send_if = self.send_ifs[counter]
             send_if.add_stream(
-                (Ether(dst=send_if.local_mac, src=send_if.remote_mac) / x
-                 for x in packets[counter]),
-                worker=counter)
+                (
+                    Ether(dst=send_if.local_mac, src=send_if.remote_mac) / x
+                    for x in packets[counter]
+                ),
+                worker=counter,
+            )
         self.pg_start()
 
     def test_worker_conflict(self):
-        """ 1st and FO=0 fragments on different workers """
+        """1st and FO=0 fragments on different workers"""
 
         # in first wave we send fragments which don't start at offset 0
         # then we send fragments with offset 0 on a different thread
@@ -988,7 +1139,7 @@ class TestIPv4MWReassembly(VppTestCase):
 
 
 class TestIPv6Reassembly(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv6 Reassembly """
+    """IPv6 Reassembly"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -1015,23 +1166,33 @@ class TestIPv6Reassembly(VppTestCase):
         super().tearDownClass()
 
     def setUp(self):
-        """ Test setup - force timeout on existing reassemblies """
+        """Test setup - force timeout on existing reassemblies"""
         super().setUp()
         self.vapi.ip_reassembly_enable_disable(
-            sw_if_index=self.src_if.sw_if_index, enable_ip6=True)
-        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(timeout_ms=0, max_reassemblies=1000,
-                                    max_reassembly_length=1000,
-                                    expire_walk_interval_ms=10, is_ip6=1)
-        self.virtual_sleep(.25)
-        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(timeout_ms=1000000, max_reassemblies=1000,
-                                    max_reassembly_length=1000,
-                                    expire_walk_interval_ms=10000, is_ip6=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.src_if.sw_if_index, enable_ip6=True
+        )
+        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(
+            timeout_ms=0,
+            max_reassemblies=1000,
+            max_reassembly_length=1000,
+            expire_walk_interval_ms=10,
+            is_ip6=1,
+        )
+        self.virtual_sleep(0.25)
+        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(
+            timeout_ms=1000000,
+            max_reassemblies=1000,
+            max_reassembly_length=1000,
+            expire_walk_interval_ms=10000,
+            is_ip6=1,
+        )
         self.logger.debug(self.vapi.ppcli("show ip6-full-reassembly details"))
         self.logger.debug(self.vapi.ppcli("show buffers"))
 
     def tearDown(self):
         self.vapi.ip_reassembly_enable_disable(
-            sw_if_index=self.src_if.sw_if_index, enable_ip6=False)
+            sw_if_index=self.src_if.sw_if_index, enable_ip6=False
+        )
         super().tearDown()
 
     def show_commands_at_teardown(self):
@@ -1047,11 +1208,12 @@ class TestIPv6Reassembly(VppTestCase):
         for i in range(0, packet_count):
             info = cls.create_packet_info(cls.src_if, cls.src_if)
             payload = cls.info_to_payload(info)
-            p = (Ether(dst=cls.src_if.local_mac, src=cls.src_if.remote_mac) /
-                 IPv6(src=cls.src_if.remote_ip6,
-                      dst=cls.dst_if.remote_ip6) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678) /
-                 Raw(payload))
+            p = (
+                Ether(dst=cls.src_if.local_mac, src=cls.src_if.remote_mac)
+                / IPv6(src=cls.src_if.remote_ip6, dst=cls.dst_if.remote_ip6)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678)
+                / Raw(payload)
+            )
             size = packet_sizes[(i // 2) % len(packet_sizes)]
             cls.extend_packet(p, size, cls.padding)
             info.data = p
@@ -1067,14 +1229,13 @@ class TestIPv6Reassembly(VppTestCase):
             fragments_400 = fragment_rfc8200(p, info.index, 400)
             fragments_300 = fragment_rfc8200(p, info.index, 300)
             cls.pkt_infos.append((index, fragments_400, fragments_300))
-        cls.fragments_400 = [
-            x for _, frags, _ in cls.pkt_infos for x in frags]
-        cls.fragments_300 = [
-            x for _, _, frags in cls.pkt_infos for x in frags]
-        cls.logger.debug("Fragmented %s packets into %s 400-byte fragments, "
-                         "and %s 300-byte fragments" %
-                         (len(infos), len(cls.fragments_400),
-                             len(cls.fragments_300)))
+        cls.fragments_400 = [x for _, frags, _ in cls.pkt_infos for x in frags]
+        cls.fragments_300 = [x for _, _, frags in cls.pkt_infos for x in frags]
+        cls.logger.debug(
+            "Fragmented %s packets into %s 400-byte fragments, "
+            "and %s 300-byte fragments"
+            % (len(infos), len(cls.fragments_400), len(cls.fragments_300))
+        )
 
     def verify_capture(self, capture, dropped_packet_indexes=[]):
         """Verify captured packet strea .
@@ -1092,7 +1253,8 @@ class TestIPv6Reassembly(VppTestCase):
                 packet_index = payload_info.index
                 self.assertTrue(
                     packet_index not in dropped_packet_indexes,
-                    ppp("Packet received, but should be dropped:", packet))
+                    ppp("Packet received, but should be dropped:", packet),
+                )
                 if packet_index in seen:
                     raise Exception(ppp("Duplicate packet received", packet))
                 seen.add(packet_index)
@@ -1108,11 +1270,13 @@ class TestIPv6Reassembly(VppTestCase):
                 self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:", packet))
                 raise
         for index in self._packet_infos:
-            self.assertTrue(index in seen or index in dropped_packet_indexes,
-                            "Packet with packet_index %d not received" % index)
+            self.assertTrue(
+                index in seen or index in dropped_packet_indexes,
+                "Packet with packet_index %d not received" % index,
+            )
 
     def test_reassembly(self):
-        """ basic reassembly """
+        """basic reassembly"""
 
         self.pg_enable_capture()
         self.src_if.add_stream(self.fragments_400)
@@ -1132,16 +1296,16 @@ class TestIPv6Reassembly(VppTestCase):
         self.src_if.assert_nothing_captured()
 
     def test_buffer_boundary(self):
-        """ fragment header crossing buffer boundary """
+        """fragment header crossing buffer boundary"""
 
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.src_if.remote_ip6,
-                  dst=self.src_if.local_ip6) /
-             IPv6ExtHdrHopByHop(
-                 options=[HBHOptUnknown(otype=0xff, optlen=0)] * 1000) /
-             IPv6ExtHdrFragment(m=1) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678) /
-             Raw())
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.src_if.remote_ip6, dst=self.src_if.local_ip6)
+            / IPv6ExtHdrHopByHop(options=[HBHOptUnknown(otype=0xFF, optlen=0)] * 1000)
+            / IPv6ExtHdrFragment(m=1)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678)
+            / Raw()
+        )
         self.pg_enable_capture()
         self.src_if.add_stream([p])
         self.pg_start()
@@ -1149,7 +1313,7 @@ class TestIPv6Reassembly(VppTestCase):
         self.dst_if.assert_nothing_captured()
 
     def test_verify_clear_trace_mid_reassembly(self):
-        """ verify clear trace works mid-reassembly """
+        """verify clear trace works mid-reassembly"""
 
         self.pg_enable_capture()
         self.src_if.add_stream(self.fragments_400[0:-1])
@@ -1164,7 +1328,7 @@ class TestIPv6Reassembly(VppTestCase):
         self.verify_capture(packets)
 
     def test_reversed(self):
-        """ reverse order reassembly """
+        """reverse order reassembly"""
 
         fragments = list(self.fragments_400)
         fragments.reverse()
@@ -1187,7 +1351,7 @@ class TestIPv6Reassembly(VppTestCase):
         self.src_if.assert_nothing_captured()
 
     def test_random(self):
-        """ random order reassembly """
+        """random order reassembly"""
 
         fragments = list(self.fragments_400)
         shuffle(fragments)
@@ -1210,10 +1374,11 @@ class TestIPv6Reassembly(VppTestCase):
         self.src_if.assert_nothing_captured()
 
     def test_duplicates(self):
-        """ duplicate fragments """
+        """duplicate fragments"""
 
         fragments = [
-            x for (_, frags, _) in self.pkt_infos
+            x
+            for (_, frags, _) in self.pkt_infos
             for x in frags
             for _ in range(0, min(2, len(frags)))
         ]
@@ -1227,22 +1392,28 @@ class TestIPv6Reassembly(VppTestCase):
         self.src_if.assert_nothing_captured()
 
     def test_long_fragment_chain(self):
-        """ long fragment chain """
+        """long fragment chain"""
 
-        error_cnt_str = \
+        error_cnt_str = (
             "/err/ip6-full-reassembly-feature/fragment chain too long (drop)"
+        )
 
         error_cnt = self.statistics.get_err_counter(error_cnt_str)
 
-        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(timeout_ms=100, max_reassemblies=1000,
-                                    max_reassembly_length=3,
-                                    expire_walk_interval_ms=50, is_ip6=1)
+        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(
+            timeout_ms=100,
+            max_reassemblies=1000,
+            max_reassembly_length=3,
+            expire_walk_interval_ms=50,
+            is_ip6=1,
+        )
 
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.src_if.remote_ip6,
-                  dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip6) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678) /
-             Raw(b"X" * 1000))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.src_if.remote_ip6, dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678)
+            / Raw(b"X" * 1000)
+        )
         frags = fragment_rfc8200(p, 1, 300) + fragment_rfc8200(p, 2, 500)
 
         self.pg_enable_capture()
@@ -1253,7 +1424,7 @@ class TestIPv6Reassembly(VppTestCase):
         self.assert_error_counter_equal(error_cnt_str, error_cnt + 1)
 
     def test_overlap1(self):
-        """ overlapping fragments case #1 """
+        """overlapping fragments case #1"""
 
         fragments = []
         for _, frags_400, frags_300 in self.pkt_infos:
@@ -1273,12 +1444,13 @@ class TestIPv6Reassembly(VppTestCase):
         self.pg_start()
 
         packets = self.dst_if.get_capture(
-            len(self.pkt_infos) - len(dropped_packet_indexes))
+            len(self.pkt_infos) - len(dropped_packet_indexes)
+        )
         self.verify_capture(packets, dropped_packet_indexes)
         self.src_if.assert_nothing_captured()
 
     def test_overlap2(self):
-        """ overlapping fragments case #2 """
+        """overlapping fragments case #2"""
 
         fragments = []
         for _, frags_400, frags_300 in self.pkt_infos:
@@ -1304,27 +1476,33 @@ class TestIPv6Reassembly(VppTestCase):
         self.pg_start()
 
         packets = self.dst_if.get_capture(
-            len(self.pkt_infos) - len(dropped_packet_indexes))
+            len(self.pkt_infos) - len(dropped_packet_indexes)
+        )
         self.verify_capture(packets, dropped_packet_indexes)
         self.src_if.assert_nothing_captured()
 
     def test_timeout_inline(self):
-        """ timeout (inline) """
+        """timeout (inline)"""
 
         dropped_packet_indexes = set(
             index for (index, frags, _) in self.pkt_infos if len(frags) > 1
         )
 
-        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(timeout_ms=0, max_reassemblies=1000,
-                                    max_reassembly_length=3,
-                                    expire_walk_interval_ms=10000, is_ip6=1)
+        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(
+            timeout_ms=0,
+            max_reassemblies=1000,
+            max_reassembly_length=3,
+            expire_walk_interval_ms=10000,
+            is_ip6=1,
+        )
 
         self.pg_enable_capture()
         self.src_if.add_stream(self.fragments_400)
         self.pg_start()
 
         packets = self.dst_if.get_capture(
-            len(self.pkt_infos) - len(dropped_packet_indexes))
+            len(self.pkt_infos) - len(dropped_packet_indexes)
+        )
         self.verify_capture(packets, dropped_packet_indexes)
         pkts = self.src_if._get_capture(1)
         for icmp in pkts:
@@ -1334,42 +1512,51 @@ class TestIPv6Reassembly(VppTestCase):
             dropped_packet_indexes.remove(icmp[IPv6ExtHdrFragment].id)
 
     def test_timeout_cleanup(self):
-        """ timeout (cleanup) """
+        """timeout (cleanup)"""
 
         # whole packets + fragmented packets sans last fragment
         fragments = [
-            x for (_, frags_400, _) in self.pkt_infos
-            for x in frags_400[:-1 if len(frags_400) > 1 else None]
+            x
+            for (_, frags_400, _) in self.pkt_infos
+            for x in frags_400[: -1 if len(frags_400) > 1 else None]
         ]
 
         # last fragments for fragmented packets
-        fragments2 = [frags_400[-1]
-                      for (_, frags_400, _) in self.pkt_infos
-                      if len(frags_400) > 1]
+        fragments2 = [
+            frags_400[-1] for (_, frags_400, _) in self.pkt_infos if len(frags_400) > 1
+        ]
 
         dropped_packet_indexes = set(
-            index for (index, frags_400, _) in self.pkt_infos
-            if len(frags_400) > 1)
+            index for (index, frags_400, _) in self.pkt_infos if len(frags_400) > 1
+        )
 
-        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(timeout_ms=100, max_reassemblies=1000,
-                                    max_reassembly_length=1000,
-                                    expire_walk_interval_ms=50)
+        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(
+            timeout_ms=100,
+            max_reassemblies=1000,
+            max_reassembly_length=1000,
+            expire_walk_interval_ms=50,
+        )
 
-        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(timeout_ms=100, max_reassemblies=1000,
-                                    max_reassembly_length=1000,
-                                    expire_walk_interval_ms=50, is_ip6=1)
+        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(
+            timeout_ms=100,
+            max_reassemblies=1000,
+            max_reassembly_length=1000,
+            expire_walk_interval_ms=50,
+            is_ip6=1,
+        )
 
         self.pg_enable_capture()
         self.src_if.add_stream(fragments)
         self.pg_start()
 
-        self.virtual_sleep(.25, "wait before sending rest of fragments")
+        self.virtual_sleep(0.25, "wait before sending rest of fragments")
 
         self.src_if.add_stream(fragments2)
         self.pg_start()
 
         packets = self.dst_if.get_capture(
-            len(self.pkt_infos) - len(dropped_packet_indexes))
+            len(self.pkt_infos) - len(dropped_packet_indexes)
+        )
         self.verify_capture(packets, dropped_packet_indexes)
         pkts = self.src_if._get_capture(1)
         for icmp in pkts:
@@ -1379,34 +1566,41 @@ class TestIPv6Reassembly(VppTestCase):
             dropped_packet_indexes.remove(icmp[IPv6ExtHdrFragment].id)
 
     def test_disabled(self):
-        """ reassembly disabled """
+        """reassembly disabled"""
 
         dropped_packet_indexes = set(
-            index for (index, frags_400, _) in self.pkt_infos
-            if len(frags_400) > 1)
+            index for (index, frags_400, _) in self.pkt_infos if len(frags_400) > 1
+        )
 
-        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(timeout_ms=1000, max_reassemblies=0,
-                                    max_reassembly_length=3,
-                                    expire_walk_interval_ms=10000, is_ip6=1)
+        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(
+            timeout_ms=1000,
+            max_reassemblies=0,
+            max_reassembly_length=3,
+            expire_walk_interval_ms=10000,
+            is_ip6=1,
+        )
 
         self.pg_enable_capture()
         self.src_if.add_stream(self.fragments_400)
         self.pg_start()
 
         packets = self.dst_if.get_capture(
-            len(self.pkt_infos) - len(dropped_packet_indexes))
+            len(self.pkt_infos) - len(dropped_packet_indexes)
+        )
         self.verify_capture(packets, dropped_packet_indexes)
         self.src_if.assert_nothing_captured()
 
     def test_missing_upper(self):
-        """ missing upper layer """
-        optdata = '\x00' * 100
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.src_if.remote_ip6,
-                  dst=self.src_if.local_ip6) /
-             IPv6ExtHdrFragment(m=1) /
-             IPv6ExtHdrDestOpt(nh=17, options=PadN(optdata='\101' * 255) /
-             PadN(optdata='\102'*255)))
+        """missing upper layer"""
+        optdata = "\x00" * 100
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.src_if.remote_ip6, dst=self.src_if.local_ip6)
+            / IPv6ExtHdrFragment(m=1)
+            / IPv6ExtHdrDestOpt(
+                nh=17, options=PadN(optdata="\101" * 255) / PadN(optdata="\102" * 255)
+            )
+        )
 
         self.pg_enable_capture()
         self.src_if.add_stream([p])
@@ -1417,21 +1611,23 @@ class TestIPv6Reassembly(VppTestCase):
         self.assert_equal(icmp[ICMPv6ParamProblem].code, 3, "ICMP code")
 
     def test_truncated_fragment(self):
-        """ truncated fragment """
-        pkt = (Ether(src=self.pg0.local_mac, dst=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-               IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6,
-                    nh=44, plen=2) /
-               IPv6ExtHdrFragment(nh=6))
+        """truncated fragment"""
+        pkt = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.local_mac, dst=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6, nh=44, plen=2)
+            / IPv6ExtHdrFragment(nh=6)
+        )
 
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, [pkt], self.pg0)
 
     def test_invalid_frag_size(self):
-        """ fragment size not a multiple of 8 """
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.src_if.remote_ip6,
-                  dst=self.src_if.local_ip6) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678) /
-             Raw())
+        """fragment size not a multiple of 8"""
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.src_if.remote_ip6, dst=self.src_if.local_ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678)
+            / Raw()
+        )
         self.extend_packet(p, 1000, self.padding)
         fragments = fragment_rfc8200(p, 1, 500)
         bad_fragment = fragments[0]
@@ -1445,12 +1641,13 @@ class TestIPv6Reassembly(VppTestCase):
         self.assert_equal(icmp[ICMPv6ParamProblem].code, 0, "ICMP code")
 
     def test_invalid_packet_size(self):
-        """ total packet size > 65535 """
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.src_if.remote_ip6,
-                  dst=self.src_if.local_ip6) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678) /
-             Raw())
+        """total packet size > 65535"""
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.src_if.remote_ip6, dst=self.src_if.local_ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678)
+            / Raw()
+        )
         self.extend_packet(p, 1000, self.padding)
         fragments = fragment_rfc8200(p, 1, 500)
         bad_fragment = fragments[1]
@@ -1464,44 +1661,56 @@ class TestIPv6Reassembly(VppTestCase):
         self.assert_equal(icmp[ICMPv6ParamProblem].code, 0, "ICMP code")
 
     def test_atomic_fragment(self):
-        """ IPv6 atomic fragment """
-        pkt = (Ether(src=self.pg0.local_mac, dst=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-               IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6,
-                    nh=44, plen=65535) /
-               IPv6ExtHdrFragment(offset=8191, m=1, res1=0xFF, res2=0xFF,
-                                  nh=255, id=0xffff)/('X'*1452))
+        """IPv6 atomic fragment"""
+        pkt = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.local_mac, dst=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6, nh=44, plen=65535)
+            / IPv6ExtHdrFragment(
+                offset=8191, m=1, res1=0xFF, res2=0xFF, nh=255, id=0xFFFF
+            )
+            / ("X" * 1452)
+        )
 
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [pkt], self.pg0)
         self.assertIn(ICMPv6ParamProblem, rx[0])
 
     def test_truncated_fragment(self):
-        """ IPv6 truncated fragment header """
-        pkt = (Ether(src=self.pg0.local_mac, dst=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-               IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6,
-                    nh=44, plen=2) /
-               IPv6ExtHdrFragment(nh=6))
+        """IPv6 truncated fragment header"""
+        pkt = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.local_mac, dst=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6, nh=44, plen=2)
+            / IPv6ExtHdrFragment(nh=6)
+        )
 
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, [pkt])
 
-        pkt = (Ether(src=self.pg0.local_mac, dst=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-               IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6) /
-               ICMPv6EchoRequest())
+        pkt = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.local_mac, dst=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+            / ICMPv6EchoRequest()
+        )
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [pkt], self.pg0)
 
     def test_one_fragment(self):
-        """ whole packet in one fragment processed independently """
-        pkt = (Ether(src=self.pg0.local_mac, dst=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-               IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6) /
-               ICMPv6EchoRequest()/Raw('X' * 1600))
+        """whole packet in one fragment processed independently"""
+        pkt = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.local_mac, dst=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6)
+            / ICMPv6EchoRequest()
+            / Raw("X" * 1600)
+        )
         frags = fragment_rfc8200(pkt, 1, 400)
 
         # send a fragment with known id
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, [frags[0]])
 
         # send an atomic fragment with same id - should be reassembled
-        pkt = (Ether(src=self.pg0.local_mac, dst=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-               IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6) /
-               IPv6ExtHdrFragment(id=1)/ICMPv6EchoRequest())
+        pkt = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.local_mac, dst=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6)
+            / IPv6ExtHdrFragment(id=1)
+            / ICMPv6EchoRequest()
+        )
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [pkt], self.pg0)
         self.assertNotIn(IPv6ExtHdrFragment, rx)
 
@@ -1510,33 +1719,46 @@ class TestIPv6Reassembly(VppTestCase):
         self.assertNotIn(IPv6ExtHdrFragment, rx)
 
     def test_bunch_of_fragments(self):
-        """ valid fragments followed by rogue fragments and atomic fragment"""
-        pkt = (Ether(src=self.pg0.local_mac, dst=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-               IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6) /
-               ICMPv6EchoRequest()/Raw('X' * 1600))
+        """valid fragments followed by rogue fragments and atomic fragment"""
+        pkt = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.local_mac, dst=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6)
+            / ICMPv6EchoRequest()
+            / Raw("X" * 1600)
+        )
         frags = fragment_rfc8200(pkt, 1, 400)
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, frags, self.pg0, n_rx=1)
 
-        inc_frag = (Ether(src=self.pg0.local_mac, dst=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                    IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6) /
-                    IPv6ExtHdrFragment(id=1, nh=58, offset=608)/Raw('X'*308))
+        inc_frag = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.local_mac, dst=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6)
+            / IPv6ExtHdrFragment(id=1, nh=58, offset=608)
+            / Raw("X" * 308)
+        )
 
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, inc_frag*604)
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, inc_frag * 604)
 
-        pkt = (Ether(src=self.pg0.local_mac, dst=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-               IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6) /
-               IPv6ExtHdrFragment(id=1)/ICMPv6EchoRequest())
+        pkt = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.local_mac, dst=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6)
+            / IPv6ExtHdrFragment(id=1)
+            / ICMPv6EchoRequest()
+        )
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, [pkt], self.pg0)
         self.assertNotIn(IPv6ExtHdrFragment, rx)
 
     def test_local_enable_disable(self):
-        """ local reassembly enabled/disable """
+        """local reassembly enabled/disable"""
         self.vapi.ip_reassembly_enable_disable(
-            sw_if_index=self.src_if.sw_if_index, enable_ip6=False)
+            sw_if_index=self.src_if.sw_if_index, enable_ip6=False
+        )
         self.vapi.ip_local_reass_enable_disable(enable_ip6=True)
-        pkt = (Ether(src=self.src_if.local_mac, dst=self.src_if.remote_mac) /
-               IPv6(src=self.src_if.remote_ip6, dst=self.src_if.local_ip6) /
-               ICMPv6EchoRequest(id=1234)/Raw('X' * 1600))
+        pkt = (
+            Ether(src=self.src_if.local_mac, dst=self.src_if.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.src_if.remote_ip6, dst=self.src_if.local_ip6)
+            / ICMPv6EchoRequest(id=1234)
+            / Raw("X" * 1600)
+        )
         frags = fragment_rfc8200(pkt, 1, 400)
         r = self.send_and_expect(self.src_if, frags, self.src_if, n_rx=1)[0]
         self.assertEqual(1234, r[ICMPv6EchoReply].id)
@@ -1547,14 +1769,15 @@ class TestIPv6Reassembly(VppTestCase):
 
 
 class TestIPv6MWReassembly(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv6 Reassembly (multiple workers) """
+    """IPv6 Reassembly (multiple workers)"""
+
     vpp_worker_count = 3
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
         super().setUpClass()
 
-        cls.create_pg_interfaces(range(cls.vpp_worker_count+1))
+        cls.create_pg_interfaces(range(cls.vpp_worker_count + 1))
         cls.src_if = cls.pg0
         cls.send_ifs = cls.pg_interfaces[:-1]
         cls.dst_if = cls.pg_interfaces[-1]
@@ -1568,8 +1791,12 @@ class TestIPv6MWReassembly(VppTestCase):
         # packets sizes reduced here because we are generating packets without
         # Ethernet headers, which are added later (diff fragments go via
         # different interfaces)
-        cls.packet_sizes = [64-len(Ether()), 512-len(Ether()),
-                            1518-len(Ether()), 9018-len(Ether())]
+        cls.packet_sizes = [
+            64 - len(Ether()),
+            512 - len(Ether()),
+            1518 - len(Ether()),
+            9018 - len(Ether()),
+        ]
         cls.padding = " abcdefghijklmn"
         cls.create_stream(cls.packet_sizes)
         cls.create_fragments()
@@ -1579,23 +1806,33 @@ class TestIPv6MWReassembly(VppTestCase):
         super().tearDownClass()
 
     def setUp(self):
-        """ Test setup - force timeout on existing reassemblies """
+        """Test setup - force timeout on existing reassemblies"""
         super().setUp()
         for intf in self.send_ifs:
             self.vapi.ip_reassembly_enable_disable(
-                sw_if_index=intf.sw_if_index, enable_ip6=True)
-        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(timeout_ms=0, max_reassemblies=1000,
-                                    max_reassembly_length=1000,
-                                    expire_walk_interval_ms=10, is_ip6=1)
-        self.virtual_sleep(.25)
-        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(timeout_ms=1000000, max_reassemblies=1000,
-                                    max_reassembly_length=1000,
-                                    expire_walk_interval_ms=1000, is_ip6=1)
+                sw_if_index=intf.sw_if_index, enable_ip6=True
+            )
+        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(
+            timeout_ms=0,
+            max_reassemblies=1000,
+            max_reassembly_length=1000,
+            expire_walk_interval_ms=10,
+            is_ip6=1,
+        )
+        self.virtual_sleep(0.25)
+        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(
+            timeout_ms=1000000,
+            max_reassemblies=1000,
+            max_reassembly_length=1000,
+            expire_walk_interval_ms=1000,
+            is_ip6=1,
+        )
 
     def tearDown(self):
         for intf in self.send_ifs:
             self.vapi.ip_reassembly_enable_disable(
-                sw_if_index=intf.sw_if_index, enable_ip6=False)
+                sw_if_index=intf.sw_if_index, enable_ip6=False
+            )
         super().tearDown()
 
     def show_commands_at_teardown(self):
@@ -1611,10 +1848,11 @@ class TestIPv6MWReassembly(VppTestCase):
         for i in range(0, packet_count):
             info = cls.create_packet_info(cls.src_if, cls.src_if)
             payload = cls.info_to_payload(info)
-            p = (IPv6(src=cls.src_if.remote_ip6,
-                      dst=cls.dst_if.remote_ip6) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678) /
-                 Raw(payload))
+            p = (
+                IPv6(src=cls.src_if.remote_ip6, dst=cls.dst_if.remote_ip6)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678)
+                / Raw(payload)
+            )
             size = packet_sizes[(i // 2) % len(packet_sizes)]
             cls.extend_packet(p, size, cls.padding)
             info.data = p
@@ -1629,10 +1867,11 @@ class TestIPv6MWReassembly(VppTestCase):
             #                      p.__class__(scapy.compat.raw(p))))
             fragments_400 = fragment_rfc8200(p, index, 400)
             cls.pkt_infos.append((index, fragments_400))
-        cls.fragments_400 = [
-            x for (_, frags) in cls.pkt_infos for x in frags]
-        cls.logger.debug("Fragmented %s packets into %s 400-byte fragments, " %
-                         (len(infos), len(cls.fragments_400)))
+        cls.fragments_400 = [x for (_, frags) in cls.pkt_infos for x in frags]
+        cls.logger.debug(
+            "Fragmented %s packets into %s 400-byte fragments, "
+            % (len(infos), len(cls.fragments_400))
+        )
 
     def verify_capture(self, capture, dropped_packet_indexes=[]):
         """Verify captured packet strea .
@@ -1650,7 +1889,8 @@ class TestIPv6MWReassembly(VppTestCase):
                 packet_index = payload_info.index
                 self.assertTrue(
                     packet_index not in dropped_packet_indexes,
-                    ppp("Packet received, but should be dropped:", packet))
+                    ppp("Packet received, but should be dropped:", packet),
+                )
                 if packet_index in seen:
                     raise Exception(ppp("Duplicate packet received", packet))
                 seen.add(packet_index)
@@ -1666,8 +1906,10 @@ class TestIPv6MWReassembly(VppTestCase):
                 self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:", packet))
                 raise
         for index in self._packet_infos:
-            self.assertTrue(index in seen or index in dropped_packet_indexes,
-                            "Packet with packet_index %d not received" % index)
+            self.assertTrue(
+                index in seen or index in dropped_packet_indexes,
+                "Packet with packet_index %d not received" % index,
+            )
 
     def send_packets(self, packets):
         for counter in range(self.vpp_worker_count):
@@ -1675,13 +1917,16 @@ class TestIPv6MWReassembly(VppTestCase):
                 continue
             send_if = self.send_ifs[counter]
             send_if.add_stream(
-                (Ether(dst=send_if.local_mac, src=send_if.remote_mac) / x
-                 for x in packets[counter]),
-                worker=counter)
+                (
+                    Ether(dst=send_if.local_mac, src=send_if.remote_mac) / x
+                    for x in packets[counter]
+                ),
+                worker=counter,
+            )
         self.pg_start()
 
     def test_worker_conflict(self):
-        """ 1st and FO=0 fragments on different workers """
+        """1st and FO=0 fragments on different workers"""
 
         # in first wave we send fragments which don't start at offset 0
         # then we send fragments with offset 0 on a different thread
@@ -1728,7 +1973,7 @@ class TestIPv6MWReassembly(VppTestCase):
 
 
 class TestIPv6SVReassembly(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv6 Shallow Virtual Reassembly """
+    """IPv6 Shallow Virtual Reassembly"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -1745,22 +1990,30 @@ class TestIPv6SVReassembly(VppTestCase):
             i.resolve_ndp()
 
     def setUp(self):
-        """ Test setup - force timeout on existing reassemblies """
+        """Test setup - force timeout on existing reassemblies"""
         super().setUp()
         self.vapi.ip_reassembly_enable_disable(
-            sw_if_index=self.src_if.sw_if_index, enable_ip6=True,
-            type=VppEnum.vl_api_ip_reass_type_t.IP_REASS_TYPE_SHALLOW_VIRTUAL)
+            sw_if_index=self.src_if.sw_if_index,
+            enable_ip6=True,
+            type=VppEnum.vl_api_ip_reass_type_t.IP_REASS_TYPE_SHALLOW_VIRTUAL,
+        )
         self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(
-            timeout_ms=0, max_reassemblies=1000,
+            timeout_ms=0,
+            max_reassemblies=1000,
             max_reassembly_length=1000,
             type=VppEnum.vl_api_ip_reass_type_t.IP_REASS_TYPE_SHALLOW_VIRTUAL,
-            expire_walk_interval_ms=10, is_ip6=1)
-        self.virtual_sleep(.25)
+            expire_walk_interval_ms=10,
+            is_ip6=1,
+        )
+        self.virtual_sleep(0.25)
         self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(
-            timeout_ms=1000000, max_reassemblies=1000,
+            timeout_ms=1000000,
+            max_reassemblies=1000,
             max_reassembly_length=1000,
             type=VppEnum.vl_api_ip_reass_type_t.IP_REASS_TYPE_SHALLOW_VIRTUAL,
-            expire_walk_interval_ms=10000, is_ip6=1)
+            expire_walk_interval_ms=10000,
+            is_ip6=1,
+        )
 
     def tearDown(self):
         super().tearDown()
@@ -1768,7 +2021,7 @@ class TestIPv6SVReassembly(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.debug(self.vapi.ppcli("show buffers"))
 
     def test_basic(self):
-        """ basic reassembly """
+        """basic reassembly"""
         payload_len = 1000
         payload = ""
         counter = 0
@@ -1776,11 +2029,13 @@ class TestIPv6SVReassembly(VppTestCase):
             payload += "%u " % counter
             counter += 1
 
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.src_if.remote_ip6, dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip6) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678) /
-             Raw(payload))
-        fragments = fragment_rfc8200(p, 1, payload_len/4)
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.src_if.remote_ip6, dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678)
+            / Raw(payload)
+        )
+        fragments = fragment_rfc8200(p, 1, payload_len / 4)
 
         # send fragment #2 - should be cached inside reassembly
         self.pg_enable_capture()
@@ -1816,7 +2071,7 @@ class TestIPv6SVReassembly(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(sent[Raw].payload, recvd[Raw].payload)
 
     def test_verify_clear_trace_mid_reassembly(self):
-        """ verify clear trace works mid-reassembly """
+        """verify clear trace works mid-reassembly"""
         payload_len = 1000
         payload = ""
         counter = 0
@@ -1824,11 +2079,13 @@ class TestIPv6SVReassembly(VppTestCase):
             payload += "%u " % counter
             counter += 1
 
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.src_if.remote_ip6, dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip6) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678) /
-             Raw(payload))
-        fragments = fragment_rfc8200(p, 1, payload_len/4)
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.src_if.remote_ip6, dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678)
+            / Raw(payload)
+        )
+        fragments = fragment_rfc8200(p, 1, payload_len / 4)
 
         self.pg_enable_capture()
         self.src_if.add_stream(fragments[1])
@@ -1851,7 +2108,7 @@ class TestIPv6SVReassembly(VppTestCase):
         self.dst_if.get_capture(len(fragments[2:]))
 
     def test_timeout(self):
-        """ reassembly timeout """
+        """reassembly timeout"""
         payload_len = 1000
         payload = ""
         counter = 0
@@ -1859,18 +2116,22 @@ class TestIPv6SVReassembly(VppTestCase):
             payload += "%u " % counter
             counter += 1
 
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.src_if.remote_ip6, dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip6) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678) /
-             Raw(payload))
-        fragments = fragment_rfc8200(p, 1, payload_len/4)
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.src_if.remote_ip6, dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678)
+            / Raw(payload)
+        )
+        fragments = fragment_rfc8200(p, 1, payload_len / 4)
 
         self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(
-            timeout_ms=100, max_reassemblies=1000,
+            timeout_ms=100,
+            max_reassemblies=1000,
             max_reassembly_length=1000,
             expire_walk_interval_ms=50,
             is_ip6=1,
-            type=VppEnum.vl_api_ip_reass_type_t.IP_REASS_TYPE_SHALLOW_VIRTUAL)
+            type=VppEnum.vl_api_ip_reass_type_t.IP_REASS_TYPE_SHALLOW_VIRTUAL,
+        )
 
         # send fragments #2 and #1 - should be forwarded
         self.pg_enable_capture()
@@ -1886,7 +2147,7 @@ class TestIPv6SVReassembly(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(sent[Raw].payload, recvd[Raw].payload)
 
         # wait for cleanup
-        self.virtual_sleep(.25, "wait before sending rest of fragments")
+        self.virtual_sleep(0.25, "wait before sending rest of fragments")
 
         # send rest of fragments - shouldn't be forwarded
         self.pg_enable_capture()
@@ -1895,13 +2156,16 @@ class TestIPv6SVReassembly(VppTestCase):
         self.dst_if.assert_nothing_captured()
 
     def test_lru(self):
-        """ reassembly reuses LRU element """
+        """reassembly reuses LRU element"""
 
         self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(
-            timeout_ms=1000000, max_reassemblies=1,
+            timeout_ms=1000000,
+            max_reassemblies=1,
             max_reassembly_length=1000,
             type=VppEnum.vl_api_ip_reass_type_t.IP_REASS_TYPE_SHALLOW_VIRTUAL,
-            is_ip6=1, expire_walk_interval_ms=10000)
+            is_ip6=1,
+            expire_walk_interval_ms=10000,
+        )
 
         payload_len = 1000
         payload = ""
@@ -1912,15 +2176,17 @@ class TestIPv6SVReassembly(VppTestCase):
 
         packet_count = 10
 
-        fragments = [f
-                     for i in range(packet_count)
-                     for p in (Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac,
-                                     src=self.src_if.remote_mac) /
-                               IPv6(src=self.src_if.remote_ip6,
-                                    dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip6) /
-                               UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678) /
-                               Raw(payload))
-                     for f in fragment_rfc8200(p, i, payload_len/4)]
+        fragments = [
+            f
+            for i in range(packet_count)
+            for p in (
+                Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac)
+                / IPv6(src=self.src_if.remote_ip6, dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip6)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678)
+                / Raw(payload)
+            )
+            for f in fragment_rfc8200(p, i, payload_len / 4)
+        ]
 
         self.pg_enable_capture()
         self.src_if.add_stream(fragments)
@@ -1932,55 +2198,71 @@ class TestIPv6SVReassembly(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(sent[Raw].payload, recvd[Raw].payload)
 
     def test_one_fragment(self):
-        """ whole packet in one fragment processed independently """
-        pkt = (Ether(src=self.src_if.local_mac, dst=self.src_if.remote_mac) /
-               IPv6(src=self.src_if.remote_ip6, dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip6) /
-               ICMPv6EchoRequest()/Raw('X' * 1600))
+        """whole packet in one fragment processed independently"""
+        pkt = (
+            Ether(src=self.src_if.local_mac, dst=self.src_if.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.src_if.remote_ip6, dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip6)
+            / ICMPv6EchoRequest()
+            / Raw("X" * 1600)
+        )
         frags = fragment_rfc8200(pkt, 1, 400)
 
         # send a fragment with known id
         self.send_and_expect(self.src_if, [frags[0]], self.dst_if)
 
         # send an atomic fragment with same id - should be reassembled
-        pkt = (Ether(src=self.src_if.local_mac, dst=self.src_if.remote_mac) /
-               IPv6(src=self.src_if.remote_ip6, dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip6) /
-               IPv6ExtHdrFragment(id=1)/ICMPv6EchoRequest())
+        pkt = (
+            Ether(src=self.src_if.local_mac, dst=self.src_if.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.src_if.remote_ip6, dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip6)
+            / IPv6ExtHdrFragment(id=1)
+            / ICMPv6EchoRequest()
+        )
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.src_if, [pkt], self.dst_if)
 
         # now forward packets matching original reassembly, should still work
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.src_if, frags[1:], self.dst_if)
 
     def test_bunch_of_fragments(self):
-        """ valid fragments followed by rogue fragments and atomic fragment"""
-        pkt = (Ether(src=self.src_if.local_mac, dst=self.src_if.remote_mac) /
-               IPv6(src=self.src_if.remote_ip6, dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip6) /
-               ICMPv6EchoRequest()/Raw('X' * 1600))
+        """valid fragments followed by rogue fragments and atomic fragment"""
+        pkt = (
+            Ether(src=self.src_if.local_mac, dst=self.src_if.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.src_if.remote_ip6, dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip6)
+            / ICMPv6EchoRequest()
+            / Raw("X" * 1600)
+        )
         frags = fragment_rfc8200(pkt, 1, 400)
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.src_if, frags, self.dst_if)
 
-        rogue = (Ether(src=self.src_if.local_mac, dst=self.src_if.remote_mac) /
-                 IPv6(src=self.src_if.remote_ip6, dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip6) /
-                 IPv6ExtHdrFragment(id=1, nh=58, offset=608)/Raw('X'*308))
+        rogue = (
+            Ether(src=self.src_if.local_mac, dst=self.src_if.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.src_if.remote_ip6, dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip6)
+            / IPv6ExtHdrFragment(id=1, nh=58, offset=608)
+            / Raw("X" * 308)
+        )
 
-        self.send_and_expect(self.src_if, rogue*604, self.dst_if)
+        self.send_and_expect(self.src_if, rogue * 604, self.dst_if)
 
-        pkt = (Ether(src=self.src_if.local_mac, dst=self.src_if.remote_mac) /
-               IPv6(src=self.src_if.remote_ip6, dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip6) /
-               IPv6ExtHdrFragment(id=1)/ICMPv6EchoRequest())
+        pkt = (
+            Ether(src=self.src_if.local_mac, dst=self.src_if.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.src_if.remote_ip6, dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip6)
+            / IPv6ExtHdrFragment(id=1)
+            / ICMPv6EchoRequest()
+        )
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.src_if, [pkt], self.dst_if)
 
     def test_truncated_fragment(self):
-        """ truncated fragment """
-        pkt = (Ether(src=self.pg0.local_mac, dst=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-               IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6,
-                    nh=44, plen=2) /
-               IPv6ExtHdrFragment(nh=6))
+        """truncated fragment"""
+        pkt = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.local_mac, dst=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6, nh=44, plen=2)
+            / IPv6ExtHdrFragment(nh=6)
+        )
 
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, [pkt], self.pg0)
 
 
 class TestIPv4ReassemblyLocalNode(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv4 Reassembly for packets coming to ip4-local node """
+    """IPv4 Reassembly for packets coming to ip4-local node"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -2004,15 +2286,21 @@ class TestIPv4ReassemblyLocalNode(VppTestCase):
         super().tearDownClass()
 
     def setUp(self):
-        """ Test setup - force timeout on existing reassemblies """
+        """Test setup - force timeout on existing reassemblies"""
         super().setUp()
-        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(timeout_ms=0, max_reassemblies=1000,
-                                    max_reassembly_length=1000,
-                                    expire_walk_interval_ms=10)
-        self.virtual_sleep(.25)
-        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(timeout_ms=1000000, max_reassemblies=1000,
-                                    max_reassembly_length=1000,
-                                    expire_walk_interval_ms=10000)
+        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(
+            timeout_ms=0,
+            max_reassemblies=1000,
+            max_reassembly_length=1000,
+            expire_walk_interval_ms=10,
+        )
+        self.virtual_sleep(0.25)
+        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(
+            timeout_ms=1000000,
+            max_reassemblies=1000,
+            max_reassembly_length=1000,
+            expire_walk_interval_ms=10000,
+        )
 
     def tearDown(self):
         super().tearDown()
@@ -2030,12 +2318,16 @@ class TestIPv4ReassemblyLocalNode(VppTestCase):
         for i in range(0, packet_count):
             info = cls.create_packet_info(cls.src_dst_if, cls.src_dst_if)
             payload = cls.info_to_payload(info)
-            p = (Ether(dst=cls.src_dst_if.local_mac,
-                       src=cls.src_dst_if.remote_mac) /
-                 IP(id=info.index, src=cls.src_dst_if.remote_ip4,
-                    dst=cls.src_dst_if.local_ip4) /
-                 ICMP(type='echo-request', id=1234) /
-                 Raw(payload))
+            p = (
+                Ether(dst=cls.src_dst_if.local_mac, src=cls.src_dst_if.remote_mac)
+                / IP(
+                    id=info.index,
+                    src=cls.src_dst_if.remote_ip4,
+                    dst=cls.src_dst_if.local_ip4,
+                )
+                / ICMP(type="echo-request", id=1234)
+                / Raw(payload)
+            )
             cls.extend_packet(p, 1518, cls.padding)
             info.data = p
 
@@ -2050,8 +2342,10 @@ class TestIPv4ReassemblyLocalNode(VppTestCase):
             fragments_300 = fragment_rfc791(p, 300)
             cls.pkt_infos.append((index, fragments_300))
         cls.fragments_300 = [x for (_, frags) in cls.pkt_infos for x in frags]
-        cls.logger.debug("Fragmented %s packets into %s 300-byte fragments" %
-                         (len(infos), len(cls.fragments_300)))
+        cls.logger.debug(
+            "Fragmented %s packets into %s 300-byte fragments"
+            % (len(infos), len(cls.fragments_300))
+        )
 
     def verify_capture(self, capture):
         """Verify captured packet stream.
@@ -2084,11 +2378,12 @@ class TestIPv4ReassemblyLocalNode(VppTestCase):
                 self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:", packet))
                 raise
         for index in self._packet_infos:
-            self.assertIn(index, seen,
-                          "Packet with packet_index %d not received" % index)
+            self.assertIn(
+                index, seen, "Packet with packet_index %d not received" % index
+            )
 
     def test_reassembly(self):
-        """ basic reassembly """
+        """basic reassembly"""
 
         self.pg_enable_capture()
         self.src_dst_if.add_stream(self.fragments_300)
@@ -2107,7 +2402,7 @@ class TestIPv4ReassemblyLocalNode(VppTestCase):
 
 
 class TestFIFReassembly(VppTestCase):
-    """ Fragments in fragments reassembly """
+    """Fragments in fragments reassembly"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -2131,27 +2426,41 @@ class TestFIFReassembly(VppTestCase):
         super().tearDownClass()
 
     def setUp(self):
-        """ Test setup - force timeout on existing reassemblies """
+        """Test setup - force timeout on existing reassemblies"""
         super().setUp()
         self.vapi.ip_reassembly_enable_disable(
-            sw_if_index=self.src_if.sw_if_index, enable_ip4=True,
-            enable_ip6=True)
+            sw_if_index=self.src_if.sw_if_index, enable_ip4=True, enable_ip6=True
+        )
         self.vapi.ip_reassembly_enable_disable(
-            sw_if_index=self.dst_if.sw_if_index, enable_ip4=True,
-            enable_ip6=True)
-        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(timeout_ms=0, max_reassemblies=1000,
-                                    max_reassembly_length=1000,
-                                    expire_walk_interval_ms=10)
-        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(timeout_ms=0, max_reassemblies=1000,
-                                    max_reassembly_length=1000,
-                                    expire_walk_interval_ms=10, is_ip6=1)
-        self.virtual_sleep(.25)
-        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(timeout_ms=1000000, max_reassemblies=1000,
-                                    max_reassembly_length=1000,
-                                    expire_walk_interval_ms=10000)
-        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(timeout_ms=1000000, max_reassemblies=1000,
-                                    max_reassembly_length=1000,
-                                    expire_walk_interval_ms=10000, is_ip6=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.dst_if.sw_if_index, enable_ip4=True, enable_ip6=True
+        )
+        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(
+            timeout_ms=0,
+            max_reassemblies=1000,
+            max_reassembly_length=1000,
+            expire_walk_interval_ms=10,
+        )
+        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(
+            timeout_ms=0,
+            max_reassemblies=1000,
+            max_reassembly_length=1000,
+            expire_walk_interval_ms=10,
+            is_ip6=1,
+        )
+        self.virtual_sleep(0.25)
+        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(
+            timeout_ms=1000000,
+            max_reassemblies=1000,
+            max_reassembly_length=1000,
+            expire_walk_interval_ms=10000,
+        )
+        self.vapi.ip_reassembly_set(
+            timeout_ms=1000000,
+            max_reassemblies=1000,
+            max_reassembly_length=1000,
+            expire_walk_interval_ms=10000,
+            is_ip6=1,
+        )
 
     def tearDown(self):
         super().tearDown()
@@ -2177,7 +2486,8 @@ class TestFIFReassembly(VppTestCase):
                 packet_index = payload_info.index
                 self.assertTrue(
                     packet_index not in dropped_packet_indexes,
-                    ppp("Packet received, but should be dropped:", packet))
+                    ppp("Packet received, but should be dropped:", packet),
+                )
                 if packet_index in seen:
                     raise Exception(ppp("Duplicate packet received", packet))
                 seen.add(packet_index)
@@ -2193,11 +2503,13 @@ class TestFIFReassembly(VppTestCase):
                 self.logger.error(ppp("Unexpected or invalid packet:", packet))
                 raise
         for index in self._packet_infos:
-            self.assertTrue(index in seen or index in dropped_packet_indexes,
-                            "Packet with packet_index %d not received" % index)
+            self.assertTrue(
+                index in seen or index in dropped_packet_indexes,
+                "Packet with packet_index %d not received" % index,
+            )
 
     def test_fif4(self):
-        """ Fragments in fragments (4o4) """
+        """Fragments in fragments (4o4)"""
 
         # TODO this should be ideally in setUpClass, but then we hit a bug
         # with VppIpRoute incorrectly reporting it's present when it's not
@@ -2211,11 +2523,15 @@ class TestFIFReassembly(VppTestCase):
         self.gre4.config_ip4()
 
         self.vapi.ip_reassembly_enable_disable(
-            sw_if_index=self.gre4.sw_if_index, enable_ip4=True)
+            sw_if_index=self.gre4.sw_if_index, enable_ip4=True
+        )
 
-        self.route4 = VppIpRoute(self, self.tun_ip4, 32,
-                                 [VppRoutePath(self.src_if.remote_ip4,
-                                               self.src_if.sw_if_index)])
+        self.route4 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            self.tun_ip4,
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.src_if.remote_ip4, self.src_if.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         self.route4.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.reset_packet_infos()
@@ -2225,28 +2541,33 @@ class TestFIFReassembly(VppTestCase):
             # Ethernet header here is only for size calculation, thus it
             # doesn't matter how it's initialized. This is to ensure that
             # reassembled packet is not > 9000 bytes, so that it's not dropped
-            p = (Ether() /
-                 IP(id=i, src=self.src_if.remote_ip4,
-                    dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678) /
-                 Raw(payload))
+            p = (
+                Ether()
+                / IP(id=i, src=self.src_if.remote_ip4, dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678)
+                / Raw(payload)
+            )
             size = self.packet_sizes[(i // 2) % len(self.packet_sizes)]
             self.extend_packet(p, size, self.padding)
             info.data = p[IP]  # use only IP part, without ethernet header
 
-        fragments = [x for _, p in self._packet_infos.items()
-                     for x in fragment_rfc791(p.data, 400)]
+        fragments = [
+            x
+            for _, p in self._packet_infos.items()
+            for x in fragment_rfc791(p.data, 400)
+        ]
 
-        encapped_fragments = \
-            [Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.tun_ip4, dst=self.src_if.local_ip4) /
-                GRE() /
-                p
-                for p in fragments]
+        encapped_fragments = [
+            Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.tun_ip4, dst=self.src_if.local_ip4)
+            / GRE()
+            / p
+            for p in fragments
+        ]
 
-        fragmented_encapped_fragments = \
-            [x for p in encapped_fragments
-             for x in fragment_rfc791(p, 200)]
+        fragmented_encapped_fragments = [
+            x for p in encapped_fragments for x in fragment_rfc791(p, 200)
+        ]
 
         self.src_if.add_stream(fragmented_encapped_fragments)
 
@@ -2263,7 +2584,7 @@ class TestFIFReassembly(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.debug(self.vapi.ppcli("show interface"))
 
     def test_fif6(self):
-        """ Fragments in fragments (6o6) """
+        """Fragments in fragments (6o6)"""
         # TODO this should be ideally in setUpClass, but then we hit a bug
         # with VppIpRoute incorrectly reporting it's present when it's not
         # so we need to manually remove the vpp config, thus we cannot have
@@ -2276,12 +2597,15 @@ class TestFIFReassembly(VppTestCase):
         self.gre6.config_ip6()
 
         self.vapi.ip_reassembly_enable_disable(
-            sw_if_index=self.gre6.sw_if_index, enable_ip6=True)
+            sw_if_index=self.gre6.sw_if_index, enable_ip6=True
+        )
 
-        self.route6 = VppIpRoute(self, self.tun_ip6, 128,
-                                 [VppRoutePath(
-                                     self.src_if.remote_ip6,
-                                     self.src_if.sw_if_index)])
+        self.route6 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            self.tun_ip6,
+            128,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.src_if.remote_ip6, self.src_if.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         self.route6.add_vpp_config()
 
         self.reset_packet_infos()
@@ -2291,34 +2615,41 @@ class TestFIFReassembly(VppTestCase):
             # Ethernet header here is only for size calculation, thus it
             # doesn't matter how it's initialized. This is to ensure that
             # reassembled packet is not > 9000 bytes, so that it's not dropped
-            p = (Ether() /
-                 IPv6(src=self.src_if.remote_ip6, dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip6) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678) /
-                 Raw(payload))
+            p = (
+                Ether()
+                / IPv6(src=self.src_if.remote_ip6, dst=self.dst_if.remote_ip6)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=5678)
+                / Raw(payload)
+            )
             size = self.packet_sizes[(i // 2) % len(self.packet_sizes)]
             self.extend_packet(p, size, self.padding)
             info.data = p[IPv6]  # use only IPv6 part, without ethernet header
 
-        fragments = [x for _, i in self._packet_infos.items()
-                     for x in fragment_rfc8200(
-                         i.data, i.index, 400)]
+        fragments = [
+            x
+            for _, i in self._packet_infos.items()
+            for x in fragment_rfc8200(i.data, i.index, 400)
+        ]
 
-        encapped_fragments = \
-            [Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.tun_ip6, dst=self.src_if.local_ip6) /
-                GRE() /
-                p
-                for p in fragments]
+        encapped_fragments = [
+            Ether(dst=self.src_if.local_mac, src=self.src_if.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.tun_ip6, dst=self.src_if.local_ip6)
+            / GRE()
+            / p
+            for p in fragments
+        ]
 
-        fragmented_encapped_fragments = \
-            [x for p in encapped_fragments for x in (
+        fragmented_encapped_fragments = [
+            x
+            for p in encapped_fragments
+            for x in (
                 fragment_rfc8200(
-                    p,
-                    2 * len(self._packet_infos) + p[IPv6ExtHdrFragment].id,
-                    200)
-                if IPv6ExtHdrFragment in p else [p]
+                    p, 2 * len(self._packet_infos) + p[IPv6ExtHdrFragment].id, 200
+                )
+                if IPv6ExtHdrFragment in p
+                else [p]
             )
-            ]
+        ]
 
         self.src_if.add_stream(fragmented_encapped_fragments)
 
@@ -2334,5 +2665,5 @@ class TestFIFReassembly(VppTestCase):
         self.gre6.remove_vpp_config()
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_session.py b/test/test_session.py
index 6c48e5467db..699ebafc386 100644
--- a/test/test_session.py
+++ b/test/test_session.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ from vpp_ip_route import VppIpTable, VppIpRoute, VppRoutePath
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 class TestSession(VppTestCase):
-    """ Session Test Case """
+    """Session Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -40,10 +40,12 @@ class TestSession(VppTestCase):
             table_id += 1
 
         # Configure namespaces
-        self.vapi.app_namespace_add_del(namespace_id="0",
-                                        sw_if_index=self.loop0.sw_if_index)
-        self.vapi.app_namespace_add_del(namespace_id="1",
-                                        sw_if_index=self.loop1.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.app_namespace_add_del(
+            namespace_id="0", sw_if_index=self.loop0.sw_if_index
+        )
+        self.vapi.app_namespace_add_del(
+            namespace_id="1", sw_if_index=self.loop1.sw_if_index
+        )
 
     def tearDown(self):
         for i in self.lo_interfaces:
@@ -55,31 +57,42 @@ class TestSession(VppTestCase):
         self.vapi.session_enable_disable(is_enable=1)
 
     def test_segment_manager_alloc(self):
-        """ Session Segment Manager Multiple Segment Allocation """
+        """Session Segment Manager Multiple Segment Allocation"""
 
         # Add inter-table routes
-        ip_t01 = VppIpRoute(self, self.loop1.local_ip4, 32,
-                            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                          0xffffffff,
-                                          nh_table_id=1)])
-        ip_t10 = VppIpRoute(self, self.loop0.local_ip4, 32,
-                            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                          0xffffffff,
-                                          nh_table_id=0)], table_id=1)
+        ip_t01 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            self.loop1.local_ip4,
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", 0xFFFFFFFF, nh_table_id=1)],
+        )
+        ip_t10 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            self.loop0.local_ip4,
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", 0xFFFFFFFF, nh_table_id=0)],
+            table_id=1,
+        )
         ip_t01.add_vpp_config()
         ip_t10.add_vpp_config()
 
         # Start builtin server and client with small private segments
         uri = "tcp://" + self.loop0.local_ip4 + "/1234"
-        error = self.vapi.cli("test echo server appns 0 fifo-size 64 " +
-                              "private-segment-size 1m uri " + uri)
+        error = self.vapi.cli(
+            "test echo server appns 0 fifo-size 64 "
+            + "private-segment-size 1m uri "
+            + uri
+        )
         if error:
             self.logger.critical(error)
             self.assertNotIn("failed", error)
 
-        error = self.vapi.cli("test echo client nclients 100 appns 1 " +
-                              "no-output fifo-size 64 syn-timeout 2 " +
-                              "private-segment-size 1m uri " + uri)
+        error = self.vapi.cli(
+            "test echo client nclients 100 appns 1 "
+            + "no-output fifo-size 64 syn-timeout 2 "
+            + "private-segment-size 1m uri "
+            + uri
+        )
         if error:
             self.logger.critical(error)
             self.assertNotIn("failed", error)
@@ -94,7 +107,7 @@ class TestSession(VppTestCase):
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 class TestSessionUnitTests(VppTestCase):
-    """ Session Unit Tests Case """
+    """Session Unit Tests Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -109,7 +122,7 @@ class TestSessionUnitTests(VppTestCase):
         self.vapi.session_enable_disable(is_enable=1)
 
     def test_session(self):
-        """ Session Unit Tests """
+        """Session Unit Tests"""
         error = self.vapi.cli("test session all")
 
         if error:
@@ -123,7 +136,7 @@ class TestSessionUnitTests(VppTestCase):
 
 @tag_run_solo
 class TestSegmentManagerTests(VppTestCase):
-    """ SVM Fifo Unit Tests Case """
+    """SVM Fifo Unit Tests Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -137,7 +150,7 @@ class TestSegmentManagerTests(VppTestCase):
         super(TestSegmentManagerTests, self).setUp()
 
     def test_segment_manager(self):
-        """ Segment manager Tests """
+        """Segment manager Tests"""
         error = self.vapi.cli("test segment-manager all")
 
         if error:
@@ -150,7 +163,7 @@ class TestSegmentManagerTests(VppTestCase):
 
 @tag_run_solo
 class TestSvmFifoUnitTests(VppTestCase):
-    """ SVM Fifo Unit Tests Case """
+    """SVM Fifo Unit Tests Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -164,7 +177,7 @@ class TestSvmFifoUnitTests(VppTestCase):
         super(TestSvmFifoUnitTests, self).setUp()
 
     def test_svm_fifo(self):
-        """ SVM Fifo Unit Tests """
+        """SVM Fifo Unit Tests"""
         error = self.vapi.cli("test svm fifo all")
 
         if error:
@@ -174,5 +187,6 @@ class TestSvmFifoUnitTests(VppTestCase):
     def tearDown(self):
         super(TestSvmFifoUnitTests, self).tearDown()
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_sixrd.py b/test/test_sixrd.py
index 24ff74b8d1c..70ff1fc8769 100644
--- a/test/test_sixrd.py
+++ b/test/test_sixrd.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ from socket import AF_INET, AF_INET6, inet_pton
 
 
 class Test6RD(VppTestCase):
-    """ 6RD Test Case """
+    """6RD Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class Test6RD(VppTestCase):
         for n in range(4):
             i = self.pg_interfaces[n]
             i.admin_up()
-            if (n > 1):
+            if n > 1:
                 i.set_table_ip4(10)
                 i.set_table_ip6(20)
             i.config_ip4()
@@ -82,28 +82,31 @@ class Test6RD(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(rx[IPv6].nh, expected[IPv6].nh)
 
     def payload(self, len):
-        return 'x' * len
+        return "x" * len
 
     def test_6rd_ip6_to_ip4(self):
-        """ ip6 -> ip4 (encap) 6rd test """
+        """ip6 -> ip4 (encap) 6rd test"""
         p_ether = Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
-        p_ip6 = IPv6(src="1::1", dst="2002:AC10:0202::1", nh='UDP')
+        p_ip6 = IPv6(src="1::1", dst="2002:AC10:0202::1", nh="UDP")
 
-        rv = self.vapi.ipip_6rd_add_tunnel(ip6_table_id=0,
-                                           ip4_table_id=0,
-                                           ip6_prefix='2002::/16',
-                                           ip4_prefix='0.0.0.0/0',
-                                           ip4_src=self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                           security_check=True)
+        rv = self.vapi.ipip_6rd_add_tunnel(
+            ip6_table_id=0,
+            ip4_table_id=0,
+            ip6_prefix="2002::/16",
+            ip4_prefix="0.0.0.0/0",
+            ip4_src=self.pg0.local_ip4,
+            security_check=True,
+        )
 
         self.tunnel_index = rv.sw_if_index
 
         self.vapi.cli("show ip6 fib")
         p_payload = UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
-        p = (p_ether / p_ip6 / p_payload)
+        p = p_ether / p_ip6 / p_payload
 
-        p_reply = (IP(src=self.pg0.local_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                      proto='ipv6') / p_ip6)
+        p_reply = (
+            IP(src=self.pg0.local_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4, proto="ipv6") / p_ip6
+        )
 
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * 10, self.pg1)
         for p in rx:
@@ -113,32 +116,37 @@ class Test6RD(VppTestCase):
         plen = 1481 - 40 - 8
         p_ip6 = IPv6(src="1::1", dst="2002:AC10:0202::1")
         p_payload = UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) / Raw(self.payload(plen))
-        p = (p_ether / p_ip6 / p_payload)
+        p = p_ether / p_ip6 / p_payload
 
-        p_reply = (IP(src=self.pg0.local_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                      proto='ipv6') / p_ip6)
+        p_reply = (
+            IP(src=self.pg0.local_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4, proto="ipv6") / p_ip6
+        )
 
         rx = self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p * 10)
         self.vapi.ipip_6rd_del_tunnel(self.tunnel_index)
 
     def test_6rd_ip6_to_ip4_vrf(self):
-        """ ip6 -> ip4 (encap) 6rd VRF test """
+        """ip6 -> ip4 (encap) 6rd VRF test"""
         p_ether = Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac)
-        p_ip6 = IPv6(src="1::1", dst="2002:AC10:0402::1", nh='UDP')
+        p_ip6 = IPv6(src="1::1", dst="2002:AC10:0402::1", nh="UDP")
 
-        rv = self.vapi.ipip_6rd_add_tunnel(ip6_table_id=20, ip4_table_id=10,
-                                           ip6_prefix='2002::/16',
-                                           ip4_prefix='0.0.0.0/0',
-                                           ip4_src=self.pg2.local_ip4,
-                                           security_check=True)
+        rv = self.vapi.ipip_6rd_add_tunnel(
+            ip6_table_id=20,
+            ip4_table_id=10,
+            ip6_prefix="2002::/16",
+            ip4_prefix="0.0.0.0/0",
+            ip4_src=self.pg2.local_ip4,
+            security_check=True,
+        )
         self.tunnel_index = rv.sw_if_index
 
         self.vapi.cli("show ip6 fib")
         p_payload = UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
-        p = (p_ether / p_ip6 / p_payload)
+        p = p_ether / p_ip6 / p_payload
 
-        p_reply = (IP(src=self.pg2.local_ip4, dst=self.pg3.remote_ip4,
-                      proto='ipv6') / p_ip6)
+        p_reply = (
+            IP(src=self.pg2.local_ip4, dst=self.pg3.remote_ip4, proto="ipv6") / p_ip6
+        )
 
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, p * 10, self.pg3)
         for p in rx:
@@ -148,40 +156,47 @@ class Test6RD(VppTestCase):
         plen = 1481 - 40 - 8
         p_ip6 = IPv6(src="1::1", dst="2002:AC10:0402::1")
         p_payload = UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) / Raw(self.payload(plen))
-        p = (p_ether / p_ip6 / p_payload)
+        p = p_ether / p_ip6 / p_payload
 
-        p_reply = (IP(src=self.pg2.local_ip4, dst=self.pg3.remote_ip4,
-                      proto='ipv6') / p_ip6)
+        p_reply = (
+            IP(src=self.pg2.local_ip4, dst=self.pg3.remote_ip4, proto="ipv6") / p_ip6
+        )
 
         rx = self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p * 10)
         self.vapi.ipip_6rd_del_tunnel(self.tunnel_index)
 
     def test_6rd_ip4_to_ip6(self):
-        """ ip4 -> ip6 (decap) 6rd test """
+        """ip4 -> ip6 (decap) 6rd test"""
 
-        rv = self.vapi.ipip_6rd_add_tunnel(ip6_table_id=0,
-                                           ip4_table_id=0,
-                                           ip6_prefix='2002::/16',
-                                           ip4_prefix='0.0.0.0/0',
-                                           ip4_src=self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                           security_check=True)
+        rv = self.vapi.ipip_6rd_add_tunnel(
+            ip6_table_id=0,
+            ip4_table_id=0,
+            ip6_prefix="2002::/16",
+            ip4_prefix="0.0.0.0/0",
+            ip4_src=self.pg0.local_ip4,
+            security_check=True,
+        )
         self.tunnel_index = rv.sw_if_index
         rv = self.vapi.ipip_6rd_del_tunnel(rv.sw_if_index)
-        rv = self.vapi.ipip_6rd_add_tunnel(ip6_table_id=0,
-                                           ip4_table_id=0,
-                                           ip6_prefix='2002::/16',
-                                           ip4_prefix='0.0.0.0/0',
-                                           ip4_src=self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                           security_check=True)
+        rv = self.vapi.ipip_6rd_add_tunnel(
+            ip6_table_id=0,
+            ip4_table_id=0,
+            ip6_prefix="2002::/16",
+            ip4_prefix="0.0.0.0/0",
+            ip4_src=self.pg0.local_ip4,
+            security_check=True,
+        )
         self.tunnel_index = rv.sw_if_index
 
-        p_ip6 = (IPv6(src="2002:AC10:0202::1", dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234))
+        p_ip6 = IPv6(src="2002:AC10:0202::1", dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6) / UDP(
+            sport=1234, dport=1234
+        )
 
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                   dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-             p_ip6)
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+            / p_ip6
+        )
 
         p_reply = p_ip6
 
@@ -191,32 +206,38 @@ class Test6RD(VppTestCase):
         self.vapi.ipip_6rd_del_tunnel(self.tunnel_index)
 
     def test_6rd_ip4_to_ip6_vrf(self):
-        """ ip4 -> ip6 (decap) 6rd VRF test """
+        """ip4 -> ip6 (decap) 6rd VRF test"""
 
-        rv = self.vapi.ipip_6rd_add_tunnel(ip6_table_id=20,
-                                           ip4_table_id=10,
-                                           ip6_prefix='2002::/16',
-                                           ip4_prefix='0.0.0.0/0',
-                                           ip4_src=self.pg2.local_ip4,
-                                           security_check=True)
+        rv = self.vapi.ipip_6rd_add_tunnel(
+            ip6_table_id=20,
+            ip4_table_id=10,
+            ip6_prefix="2002::/16",
+            ip4_prefix="0.0.0.0/0",
+            ip4_src=self.pg2.local_ip4,
+            security_check=True,
+        )
         self.tunnel_index = rv.sw_if_index
         rv = self.vapi.ipip_6rd_del_tunnel(rv.sw_if_index)
-        rv = self.vapi.ipip_6rd_add_tunnel(ip6_table_id=20,
-                                           ip4_table_id=10,
-                                           ip6_prefix='2002::/16',
-                                           ip4_prefix='0.0.0.0/0',
-                                           ip4_src=self.pg2.local_ip4,
-                                           security_check=True)
+        rv = self.vapi.ipip_6rd_add_tunnel(
+            ip6_table_id=20,
+            ip4_table_id=10,
+            ip6_prefix="2002::/16",
+            ip4_prefix="0.0.0.0/0",
+            ip4_src=self.pg2.local_ip4,
+            security_check=True,
+        )
         self.tunnel_index = rv.sw_if_index
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_table(self.tunnel_index, 1, 20)
 
-        p_ip6 = (IPv6(src="2002:AC10:0402::1", dst=self.pg3.remote_ip6) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234))
+        p_ip6 = IPv6(src="2002:AC10:0402::1", dst=self.pg3.remote_ip6) / UDP(
+            sport=1234, dport=1234
+        )
 
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                   dst=self.pg2.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg3.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg2.local_ip4) /
-             p_ip6)
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg3.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg2.local_ip4)
+            / p_ip6
+        )
 
         p_reply = p_ip6
 
@@ -227,39 +248,45 @@ class Test6RD(VppTestCase):
         self.vapi.ipip_6rd_del_tunnel(self.tunnel_index)
 
     def test_6rd_ip4_to_ip6_multiple(self):
-        """ ip4 -> ip6 (decap) 6rd test """
+        """ip4 -> ip6 (decap) 6rd test"""
 
         self.tunnel_index = []
-        rv = self.vapi.ipip_6rd_add_tunnel(ip6_table_id=0,
-                                           ip4_table_id=0,
-                                           ip6_prefix='2002::/16',
-                                           ip4_prefix='0.0.0.0/0',
-                                           ip4_src=self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                           security_check=True)
+        rv = self.vapi.ipip_6rd_add_tunnel(
+            ip6_table_id=0,
+            ip4_table_id=0,
+            ip6_prefix="2002::/16",
+            ip4_prefix="0.0.0.0/0",
+            ip4_src=self.pg0.local_ip4,
+            security_check=True,
+        )
         self.tunnel_index.append(rv.sw_if_index)
-        rv = self.vapi.ipip_6rd_add_tunnel(ip6_table_id=0,
-                                           ip4_table_id=0,
-                                           ip6_prefix='2003::/16',
-                                           ip4_prefix='0.0.0.0/0',
-                                           ip4_src=self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                                           security_check=True)
+        rv = self.vapi.ipip_6rd_add_tunnel(
+            ip6_table_id=0,
+            ip4_table_id=0,
+            ip6_prefix="2003::/16",
+            ip4_prefix="0.0.0.0/0",
+            ip4_src=self.pg1.local_ip4,
+            security_check=True,
+        )
 
         self.tunnel_index.append(rv.sw_if_index)
 
         self.vapi.cli("show ip6 fib")
         p_ether = Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
         p_ip4 = IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
-        p_ip6_1 = (IPv6(src="2002:AC10:0202::1", dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6) /
-                   UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234))
-        p_ip6_2 = (IPv6(src="2003:AC10:0202::1", dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6) /
-                   UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234))
+        p_ip6_1 = IPv6(src="2002:AC10:0202::1", dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6) / UDP(
+            sport=1234, dport=1234
+        )
+        p_ip6_2 = IPv6(src="2003:AC10:0202::1", dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6) / UDP(
+            sport=1234, dport=1234
+        )
 
-        p = (p_ether / p_ip4 / p_ip6_1)
+        p = p_ether / p_ip4 / p_ip6_1
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * 10, self.pg1)
         for p in rx:
             self.validate_4in6(p, p_ip6_1)
 
-        p = (p_ether / p_ip4 / p_ip6_2)
+        p = p_ether / p_ip4 / p_ip6_2
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * 10, self.pg1)
         for p in rx:
             self.validate_4in6(p, p_ip6_2)
@@ -267,49 +294,57 @@ class Test6RD(VppTestCase):
             self.vapi.ipip_6rd_del_tunnel(i)
 
     def test_6rd_ip4_to_ip6_suffix(self):
-        """ ip4 -> ip6 (decap) 6rd test """
+        """ip4 -> ip6 (decap) 6rd test"""
 
-        rv = self.vapi.ipip_6rd_add_tunnel(ip6_table_id=0,
-                                           ip4_table_id=0,
-                                           ip6_prefix='2002::/16',
-                                           ip4_prefix='172.0.0.0/8',
-                                           ip4_src=self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                           security_check=True)
+        rv = self.vapi.ipip_6rd_add_tunnel(
+            ip6_table_id=0,
+            ip4_table_id=0,
+            ip6_prefix="2002::/16",
+            ip4_prefix="172.0.0.0/8",
+            ip4_src=self.pg0.local_ip4,
+            security_check=True,
+        )
         self.tunnel_index = rv.sw_if_index
 
         self.vapi.cli("show ip6 fib")
         p_ether = Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
         p_ip4 = IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
-        p_ip6 = (IPv6(src="2002:1002:0200::1", dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234))
+        p_ip6 = IPv6(src="2002:1002:0200::1", dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6) / UDP(
+            sport=1234, dport=1234
+        )
 
-        p = (p_ether / p_ip4 / p_ip6)
+        p = p_ether / p_ip4 / p_ip6
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * 10, self.pg1)
         for p in rx:
             self.validate_4in6(p, p_ip6)
         self.vapi.ipip_6rd_del_tunnel(self.tunnel_index)
 
     def test_6rd_ip4_to_ip6_sec_check(self):
-        """ ip4 -> ip6 (decap) security check 6rd test """
+        """ip4 -> ip6 (decap) security check 6rd test"""
 
-        rv = self.vapi.ipip_6rd_add_tunnel(ip6_table_id=0,
-                                           ip4_table_id=0,
-                                           ip6_prefix='2002::/16',
-                                           ip4_prefix='0.0.0.0/0',
-                                           ip4_src=self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                           security_check=True)
+        rv = self.vapi.ipip_6rd_add_tunnel(
+            ip6_table_id=0,
+            ip4_table_id=0,
+            ip6_prefix="2002::/16",
+            ip4_prefix="0.0.0.0/0",
+            ip4_src=self.pg0.local_ip4,
+            security_check=True,
+        )
         self.tunnel_index = rv.sw_if_index
 
         self.vapi.cli("show ip6 fib")
-        p_ip6 = (IPv6(src="2002:AC10:0202::1", dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234))
-        p_ip6_fail = (IPv6(src="2002:DEAD:0202::1", dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6) /
-                      UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234))
+        p_ip6 = IPv6(src="2002:AC10:0202::1", dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6) / UDP(
+            sport=1234, dport=1234
+        )
+        p_ip6_fail = IPv6(src="2002:DEAD:0202::1", dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6) / UDP(
+            sport=1234, dport=1234
+        )
 
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                   dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-             p_ip6)
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+            / p_ip6
+        )
 
         p_reply = p_ip6
 
@@ -317,55 +352,62 @@ class Test6RD(VppTestCase):
         for p in rx:
             self.validate_4in6(p, p_reply)
 
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                   dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-             p_ip6_fail)
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+            / p_ip6_fail
+        )
         rx = self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p * 10)
         self.vapi.ipip_6rd_del_tunnel(self.tunnel_index)
 
     def test_6rd_bgp_tunnel(self):
-        """ 6rd BGP tunnel """
+        """6rd BGP tunnel"""
 
-        rv = self.vapi.ipip_6rd_add_tunnel(ip6_table_id=0,
-                                           ip4_table_id=0,
-                                           ip6_prefix='2002::/16',
-                                           ip4_prefix='0.0.0.0/0',
-                                           ip4_src=self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                           security_check=False)
+        rv = self.vapi.ipip_6rd_add_tunnel(
+            ip6_table_id=0,
+            ip4_table_id=0,
+            ip6_prefix="2002::/16",
+            ip4_prefix="0.0.0.0/0",
+            ip4_src=self.pg0.local_ip4,
+            security_check=False,
+        )
 
         self.tunnel_index = rv.sw_if_index
 
-        default_route = VppIpRoute(self, "DEAD::", 16,
-                                   [VppRoutePath("2002:0808:0808::",
-                                                 self.tunnel_index)])
+        default_route = VppIpRoute(
+            self, "DEAD::", 16, [VppRoutePath("2002:0808:0808::", self.tunnel_index)]
+        )
         default_route.add_vpp_config()
 
-        ip4_route = VppIpRoute(self, "8.0.0.0", 8,
-                               [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4, 0xFFFFFFFF)])
+        ip4_route = VppIpRoute(
+            self, "8.0.0.0", 8, [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4, 0xFFFFFFFF)]
+        )
         ip4_route.add_vpp_config()
 
         # Via recursive route 6 -> 4
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                   dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IPv6(src="1::1", dst="DEAD:BEEF::1") /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src="1::1", dst="DEAD:BEEF::1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+        )
 
-        p_reply = (IP(src=self.pg0.local_ip4, dst="8.8.8.8",
-                      proto='ipv6') /
-                   IPv6(src='1::1', dst='DEAD:BEEF::1', nh='UDP'))
+        p_reply = IP(src=self.pg0.local_ip4, dst="8.8.8.8", proto="ipv6") / IPv6(
+            src="1::1", dst="DEAD:BEEF::1", nh="UDP"
+        )
 
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * 10, self.pg1)
         for p in rx:
             self.validate_6in4(p, p_reply)
 
         # Via recursive route 4 -> 6 (Security check must be disabled)
-        p_ip6 = (IPv6(src="DEAD:BEEF::1", dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234))
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                   dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src="8.8.8.8", dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-             p_ip6)
+        p_ip6 = IPv6(src="DEAD:BEEF::1", dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6) / UDP(
+            sport=1234, dport=1234
+        )
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src="8.8.8.8", dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+            / p_ip6
+        )
 
         p_reply = p_ip6
 
@@ -377,5 +419,5 @@ class Test6RD(VppTestCase):
         self.vapi.ipip_6rd_del_tunnel(self.tunnel_index)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_span.py b/test/test_span.py
index ecefe153706..3572d64e79c 100644
--- a/test/test_span.py
+++ b/test/test_span.py
@@ -16,19 +16,19 @@ from collections import namedtuple
 from vpp_papi import VppEnum
 
 
-Tag = namedtuple('Tag', ['dot1', 'vlan'])
+Tag = namedtuple("Tag", ["dot1", "vlan"])
 DOT1AD = 0x88A8
 DOT1Q = 0x8100
 
 
 class TestSpan(VppTestCase):
-    """ SPAN Test Case """
+    """SPAN Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
         super(TestSpan, cls).setUpClass()
         # Test variables
-        cls.pkts_per_burst = 257    # Number of packets per burst
+        cls.pkts_per_burst = 257  # Number of packets per burst
         # create 3 pg interfaces
         cls.create_pg_interfaces(range(3))
 
@@ -56,8 +56,9 @@ class TestSpan(VppTestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
         super(TestSpan, self).setUp()
-        self.vxlan = VppVxlanTunnel(self, src=self.pg2.local_ip4,
-                                    dst=self.pg2.remote_ip4, vni=1111)
+        self.vxlan = VppVxlanTunnel(
+            self, src=self.pg2.local_ip4, dst=self.pg2.remote_ip4, vni=1111
+        )
         self.vxlan.add_vpp_config()
         self.reset_packet_infos()
 
@@ -72,8 +73,9 @@ class TestSpan(VppTestCase):
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_xconnect(b, a, enable=is_add)
 
     def bridge(self, sw_if_index, is_add=1):
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(rx_sw_if_index=sw_if_index,
-                                             bd_id=self.bd_id, enable=is_add)
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
+            rx_sw_if_index=sw_if_index, bd_id=self.bd_id, enable=is_add
+        )
 
     def _remove_tag(self, packet, vlan, tag_type):
         self.assertEqual(packet.type, tag_type)
@@ -145,10 +147,12 @@ class TestSpan(VppTestCase):
         for i in range(0, self.pkts_per_burst):
             payload = "span test"
             size = packet_sizes[int((i / 2) % len(packet_sizes))]
-            p = (Ether(src=src_if.local_mac, dst=dst_mac) /
-                 IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_if.remote_ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=10000 + src_if.sw_if_index * 1000 + i, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(payload))
+            p = (
+                Ether(src=src_if.local_mac, dst=dst_mac)
+                / IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_if.remote_ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=10000 + src_if.sw_if_index * 1000 + i, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(payload)
+            )
             if do_dot1:
                 p = self.sub_if.add_dot1_layer(p)
             self.extend_packet(p, size)
@@ -156,9 +160,12 @@ class TestSpan(VppTestCase):
         return pkts
 
     def verify_capture(self, cap1, cap2):
-        self.assertEqual(len(cap1), len(cap2),
-                         "Different number of sent and mirrored packets :"
-                         "%u != %u" % (len(cap1), len(cap2)))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            len(cap1),
+            len(cap2),
+            "Different number of sent and mirrored packets :"
+            "%u != %u" % (len(cap1), len(cap2)),
+        )
 
         pkts1 = [(pkt[Ether] / pkt[IP] / pkt[UDP]) for pkt in cap1]
         pkts2 = [(pkt[Ether] / pkt[IP] / pkt[UDP]) for pkt in cap2]
@@ -166,7 +173,7 @@ class TestSpan(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(pkts1.sort(), pkts2.sort())
 
     def test_device_span(self):
-        """ SPAN device rx mirror """
+        """SPAN device rx mirror"""
 
         # Create bi-directional cross-connects between pg0 and pg1
         self.xconnect(self.pg0.sw_if_index, self.pg1.sw_if_index)
@@ -176,7 +183,8 @@ class TestSpan(VppTestCase):
 
         # Enable SPAN on pg0 (mirrored to pg2)
         self.vapi.sw_interface_span_enable_disable(
-            self.pg0.sw_if_index, self.pg2.sw_if_index)
+            self.pg0.sw_if_index, self.pg2.sw_if_index
+        )
 
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli("show interface span"))
         # Enable packet capturing and start packet sending
@@ -190,13 +198,14 @@ class TestSpan(VppTestCase):
 
         # Disable SPAN on pg0 (mirrored to pg2)
         self.vapi.sw_interface_span_enable_disable(
-            self.pg0.sw_if_index, self.pg2.sw_if_index, state=0)
+            self.pg0.sw_if_index, self.pg2.sw_if_index, state=0
+        )
         self.xconnect(self.pg0.sw_if_index, self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=0)
 
         self.verify_capture(pg1_pkts, pg2_pkts)
 
     def test_span_l2_rx(self):
-        """ SPAN l2 rx mirror """
+        """SPAN l2 rx mirror"""
 
         self.sub_if.admin_up()
 
@@ -204,13 +213,13 @@ class TestSpan(VppTestCase):
         # Create bi-directional cross-connects between pg0 subif and pg1
         self.xconnect(self.sub_if.sw_if_index, self.pg1.sw_if_index)
         # Create incoming packet streams for packet-generator interfaces
-        pkts = self.create_stream(
-            self.pg0, self.pg_if_packet_sizes, do_dot1=True)
+        pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg_if_packet_sizes, do_dot1=True)
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
 
         # Enable SPAN on pg0 (mirrored to pg2)
         self.vapi.sw_interface_span_enable_disable(
-            self.sub_if.sw_if_index, self.pg2.sw_if_index, is_l2=1)
+            self.sub_if.sw_if_index, self.pg2.sw_if_index, is_l2=1
+        )
 
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli("show interface span"))
         # Enable packet capturing and start packet sending
@@ -225,29 +234,29 @@ class TestSpan(VppTestCase):
 
         # Disable SPAN on pg0 (mirrored to pg2)
         self.vapi.sw_interface_span_enable_disable(
-            self.sub_if.sw_if_index, self.pg2.sw_if_index, state=0, is_l2=1)
+            self.sub_if.sw_if_index, self.pg2.sw_if_index, state=0, is_l2=1
+        )
         self.xconnect(self.sub_if.sw_if_index, self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=0)
 
         self.verify_capture(pg1_pkts, pg2_pkts)
 
     def test_span_l2_rx_dst_vxlan(self):
-        """ SPAN l2 rx mirror into vxlan """
+        """SPAN l2 rx mirror into vxlan"""
 
         self.sub_if.admin_up()
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_flags(self.vxlan.sw_if_index,
-                                         flags=1)
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_flags(self.vxlan.sw_if_index, flags=1)
 
         self.bridge(self.vxlan.sw_if_index, is_add=1)
         # Create bi-directional cross-connects between pg0 subif and pg1
         self.xconnect(self.sub_if.sw_if_index, self.pg1.sw_if_index)
         # Create incoming packet streams for packet-generator interfaces
-        pkts = self.create_stream(
-            self.pg0, self.pg_if_packet_sizes, do_dot1=True)
+        pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg_if_packet_sizes, do_dot1=True)
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
 
         # Enable SPAN on pg0 sub if (mirrored to vxlan)
         self.vapi.sw_interface_span_enable_disable(
-            self.sub_if.sw_if_index, self.vxlan.sw_if_index, is_l2=1)
+            self.sub_if.sw_if_index, self.vxlan.sw_if_index, is_l2=1
+        )
 
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli("show interface span"))
         # Enable packet capturing and start packet sending
@@ -262,20 +271,23 @@ class TestSpan(VppTestCase):
         self.bridge(self.vxlan.sw_if_index, is_add=0)
         # Disable SPAN on pg0 sub if (mirrored to vxlan)
         self.vapi.sw_interface_span_enable_disable(
-            self.sub_if.sw_if_index, self.vxlan.sw_if_index, state=0, is_l2=1)
+            self.sub_if.sw_if_index, self.vxlan.sw_if_index, state=0, is_l2=1
+        )
         self.xconnect(self.sub_if.sw_if_index, self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=0)
         self.verify_capture(pg1_pkts, pg2_pkts)
 
     def test_span_l2_rx_dst_gre_erspan(self):
-        """ SPAN l2 rx mirror into gre-erspan """
+        """SPAN l2 rx mirror into gre-erspan"""
 
         self.sub_if.admin_up()
 
-        gre_if = VppGreInterface(self, self.pg2.local_ip4,
-                                 self.pg2.remote_ip4,
-                                 session=543,
-                                 type=(VppEnum.vl_api_gre_tunnel_type_t.
-                                       GRE_API_TUNNEL_TYPE_ERSPAN))
+        gre_if = VppGreInterface(
+            self,
+            self.pg2.local_ip4,
+            self.pg2.remote_ip4,
+            session=543,
+            type=(VppEnum.vl_api_gre_tunnel_type_t.GRE_API_TUNNEL_TYPE_ERSPAN),
+        )
 
         gre_if.add_vpp_config()
         gre_if.admin_up()
@@ -285,13 +297,13 @@ class TestSpan(VppTestCase):
         self.xconnect(self.sub_if.sw_if_index, self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1)
 
         # Create incoming packet streams for packet-generator interfaces
-        pkts = self.create_stream(
-            self.pg0, self.pg_if_packet_sizes, do_dot1=True)
+        pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg_if_packet_sizes, do_dot1=True)
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
 
         # Enable SPAN on pg0 sub if (mirrored to gre-erspan)
         self.vapi.sw_interface_span_enable_disable(
-            self.sub_if.sw_if_index, gre_if.sw_if_index, is_l2=1)
+            self.sub_if.sw_if_index, gre_if.sw_if_index, is_l2=1
+        )
 
         # Enable packet capturing and start packet sending
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -302,28 +314,33 @@ class TestSpan(VppTestCase):
         pg1_pkts = self.pg1.get_capture(n_pkts)
         pg2_pkts = self.pg2.get_capture(n_pkts)
 
-        def decap(p): return self.decap_erspan(p, session=543)
+        def decap(p):
+            return self.decap_erspan(p, session=543)
+
         pg2_decaped = [decap(p) for p in pg2_pkts]
 
         self.bridge(gre_if.sw_if_index, is_add=0)
 
         # Disable SPAN on pg0 sub if
         self.vapi.sw_interface_span_enable_disable(
-            self.sub_if.sw_if_index, gre_if.sw_if_index, state=0, is_l2=1)
+            self.sub_if.sw_if_index, gre_if.sw_if_index, state=0, is_l2=1
+        )
         gre_if.remove_vpp_config()
         self.xconnect(self.sub_if.sw_if_index, self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=0)
 
         self.verify_capture(pg1_pkts, pg2_decaped)
 
     def test_span_l2_rx_dst_gre_subif_vtr(self):
-        """ SPAN l2 rx mirror into gre-subif+vtr """
+        """SPAN l2 rx mirror into gre-subif+vtr"""
 
         self.sub_if.admin_up()
 
-        gre_if = VppGreInterface(self, self.pg2.local_ip4,
-                                 self.pg2.remote_ip4,
-                                 type=(VppEnum.vl_api_gre_tunnel_type_t.
-                                       GRE_API_TUNNEL_TYPE_TEB))
+        gre_if = VppGreInterface(
+            self,
+            self.pg2.local_ip4,
+            self.pg2.remote_ip4,
+            type=(VppEnum.vl_api_gre_tunnel_type_t.GRE_API_TUNNEL_TYPE_TEB),
+        )
 
         gre_if.add_vpp_config()
         gre_if.admin_up()
@@ -337,13 +354,13 @@ class TestSpan(VppTestCase):
         self.xconnect(self.sub_if.sw_if_index, self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1)
 
         # Create incoming packet streams for packet-generator interfaces
-        pkts = self.create_stream(
-            self.pg0, self.pg_if_packet_sizes, do_dot1=True)
+        pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg_if_packet_sizes, do_dot1=True)
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
 
         # Enable SPAN on pg0 sub if (mirrored to gre sub if)
         self.vapi.sw_interface_span_enable_disable(
-            self.sub_if.sw_if_index, gre_sub_if.sw_if_index, is_l2=1)
+            self.sub_if.sw_if_index, gre_sub_if.sw_if_index, is_l2=1
+        )
 
         # Enable packet capturing and start packet sending
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -354,22 +371,24 @@ class TestSpan(VppTestCase):
         pg1_pkts = self.pg1.get_capture(n_pkts)
         pg2_pkts = self.pg2.get_capture(n_pkts)
 
-        def decap(p): return self.remove_tags(
-            self.decap_gre(p), [Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=500)])
+        def decap(p):
+            return self.remove_tags(self.decap_gre(p), [Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=500)])
+
         pg2_decaped = [decap(p) for p in pg2_pkts]
 
         self.bridge(gre_sub_if.sw_if_index, is_add=0)
 
         # Disable SPAN on pg0 sub if
         self.vapi.sw_interface_span_enable_disable(
-            self.sub_if.sw_if_index, gre_sub_if.sw_if_index, state=0, is_l2=1)
+            self.sub_if.sw_if_index, gre_sub_if.sw_if_index, state=0, is_l2=1
+        )
         gre_if.remove_vpp_config()
         self.xconnect(self.sub_if.sw_if_index, self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=0)
 
         self.verify_capture(pg1_pkts, pg2_decaped)
 
     def test_span_l2_rx_dst_1q_vtr(self):
-        """ SPAN l2 rx mirror into 1q subif+vtr """
+        """SPAN l2 rx mirror into 1q subif+vtr"""
 
         self.sub_if.admin_up()
         self.vlan_sub_if.admin_up()
@@ -379,12 +398,12 @@ class TestSpan(VppTestCase):
         self.xconnect(self.sub_if.sw_if_index, self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1)
 
         # Create incoming packet streams for packet-generator interfaces
-        pkts = self.create_stream(
-            self.pg0, self.pg_if_packet_sizes, do_dot1=True)
+        pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg_if_packet_sizes, do_dot1=True)
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
 
         self.vapi.sw_interface_span_enable_disable(
-            self.sub_if.sw_if_index, self.vlan_sub_if.sw_if_index, is_l2=1)
+            self.sub_if.sw_if_index, self.vlan_sub_if.sw_if_index, is_l2=1
+        )
 
         # Enable packet capturing and start packet sending
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -394,20 +413,21 @@ class TestSpan(VppTestCase):
         n_pkts = len(pkts)
         pg1_pkts = self.pg1.get_capture(n_pkts)
         pg2_pkts = self.pg2.get_capture(n_pkts)
-        pg2_untagged = [self.remove_tags(p, [Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=300)])
-                        for p in pg2_pkts]
+        pg2_untagged = [
+            self.remove_tags(p, [Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=300)]) for p in pg2_pkts
+        ]
 
         self.bridge(self.vlan_sub_if.sw_if_index, is_add=0)
         # Disable SPAN on pg0 sub if (mirrored to vxlan)
         self.vapi.sw_interface_span_enable_disable(
-            self.sub_if.sw_if_index, self.vlan_sub_if.sw_if_index, state=0,
-            is_l2=1)
+            self.sub_if.sw_if_index, self.vlan_sub_if.sw_if_index, state=0, is_l2=1
+        )
         self.xconnect(self.sub_if.sw_if_index, self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=0)
 
         self.verify_capture(pg1_pkts, pg2_untagged)
 
     def test_span_l2_rx_dst_1ad_vtr(self):
-        """ SPAN l2 rx mirror into 1ad subif+vtr """
+        """SPAN l2 rx mirror into 1ad subif+vtr"""
 
         self.sub_if.admin_up()
         self.qinq_sub_if.admin_up()
@@ -417,12 +437,12 @@ class TestSpan(VppTestCase):
         self.xconnect(self.sub_if.sw_if_index, self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=1)
 
         # Create incoming packet streams for packet-generator interfaces
-        pkts = self.create_stream(
-            self.pg0, self.pg_if_packet_sizes, do_dot1=True)
+        pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg_if_packet_sizes, do_dot1=True)
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
 
         self.vapi.sw_interface_span_enable_disable(
-            self.sub_if.sw_if_index, self.qinq_sub_if.sw_if_index, is_l2=1)
+            self.sub_if.sw_if_index, self.qinq_sub_if.sw_if_index, is_l2=1
+        )
 
         # Enable packet capturing and start packet sending
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
@@ -432,34 +452,35 @@ class TestSpan(VppTestCase):
         n_pkts = len(pkts)
         pg1_pkts = self.pg1.get_capture(n_pkts)
         pg2_pkts = self.pg2.get_capture(n_pkts)
-        pg2_untagged = [self.remove_tags(p, [Tag(dot1=DOT1AD, vlan=400),
-                                             Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=500)])
-                        for p in pg2_pkts]
+        pg2_untagged = [
+            self.remove_tags(p, [Tag(dot1=DOT1AD, vlan=400), Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=500)])
+            for p in pg2_pkts
+        ]
 
         self.bridge(self.qinq_sub_if.sw_if_index, is_add=0)
         # Disable SPAN on pg0 sub if (mirrored to vxlan)
         self.vapi.sw_interface_span_enable_disable(
-            self.sub_if.sw_if_index, self.qinq_sub_if.sw_if_index, state=0,
-            is_l2=1)
+            self.sub_if.sw_if_index, self.qinq_sub_if.sw_if_index, state=0, is_l2=1
+        )
         self.xconnect(self.sub_if.sw_if_index, self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=0)
 
         self.verify_capture(pg1_pkts, pg2_untagged)
 
     def test_l2_tx_span(self):
-        """ SPAN l2 tx mirror """
+        """SPAN l2 tx mirror"""
 
         self.sub_if.admin_up()
         self.bridge(self.pg2.sw_if_index)
         # Create bi-directional cross-connects between pg0 and pg1
         self.xconnect(self.sub_if.sw_if_index, self.pg1.sw_if_index)
         # Create incoming packet streams for packet-generator interfaces
-        pkts = self.create_stream(
-            self.pg0, self.pg_if_packet_sizes, do_dot1=True)
+        pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg_if_packet_sizes, do_dot1=True)
         self.pg0.add_stream(pkts)
 
         # Enable SPAN on pg1 (mirrored to pg2)
         self.vapi.sw_interface_span_enable_disable(
-            self.pg1.sw_if_index, self.pg2.sw_if_index, is_l2=1, state=2)
+            self.pg1.sw_if_index, self.pg2.sw_if_index, is_l2=1, state=2
+        )
 
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli("show interface span"))
         # Enable packet capturing and start packet sending
@@ -473,13 +494,14 @@ class TestSpan(VppTestCase):
         self.bridge(self.pg2.sw_if_index, is_add=0)
         # Disable SPAN on pg0 (mirrored to pg2)
         self.vapi.sw_interface_span_enable_disable(
-            self.pg1.sw_if_index, self.pg2.sw_if_index, state=0, is_l2=1)
+            self.pg1.sw_if_index, self.pg2.sw_if_index, state=0, is_l2=1
+        )
         self.xconnect(self.sub_if.sw_if_index, self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=0)
 
         self.verify_capture(pg1_pkts, pg2_pkts)
 
     def test_l2_rx_tx_span(self):
-        """ SPAN l2 rx tx mirror """
+        """SPAN l2 rx tx mirror"""
 
         self.sub_if.admin_up()
         self.bridge(self.pg2.sw_if_index)
@@ -487,16 +509,15 @@ class TestSpan(VppTestCase):
         self.xconnect(self.sub_if.sw_if_index, self.pg1.sw_if_index)
 
         # Create incoming packet streams for packet-generator interfaces
-        pg0_pkts = self.create_stream(
-            self.pg0, self.pg_if_packet_sizes, do_dot1=True)
+        pg0_pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg_if_packet_sizes, do_dot1=True)
         self.pg0.add_stream(pg0_pkts)
-        pg1_pkts = self.create_stream(
-            self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes, do_dot1=False)
+        pg1_pkts = self.create_stream(self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes, do_dot1=False)
         self.pg1.add_stream(pg1_pkts)
 
         # Enable SPAN on pg0 (mirrored to pg2)
         self.vapi.sw_interface_span_enable_disable(
-            self.sub_if.sw_if_index, self.pg2.sw_if_index, is_l2=1, state=3)
+            self.sub_if.sw_if_index, self.pg2.sw_if_index, is_l2=1, state=3
+        )
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli("show interface span"))
 
         # Enable packet capturing and start packet sending
@@ -515,34 +536,40 @@ class TestSpan(VppTestCase):
         self.bridge(self.pg2.sw_if_index, is_add=0)
         # Disable SPAN on pg0 (mirrored to pg2)
         self.vapi.sw_interface_span_enable_disable(
-            self.sub_if.sw_if_index, self.pg2.sw_if_index, state=0, is_l2=1)
+            self.sub_if.sw_if_index, self.pg2.sw_if_index, state=0, is_l2=1
+        )
         self.xconnect(self.sub_if.sw_if_index, self.pg1.sw_if_index, is_add=0)
 
         self.verify_capture(pg0_pkts + pg1_pkts, pg2_pkts)
 
     def test_l2_bcast_mirror(self):
-        """ SPAN l2 broadcast mirror """
+        """SPAN l2 broadcast mirror"""
 
         self.sub_if.admin_up()
         self.bridge(self.pg2.sw_if_index)
 
         # Create bi-directional cross-connects between pg0 and pg1
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=self.sub_if.sw_if_index, bd_id=99, enable=1)
+            rx_sw_if_index=self.sub_if.sw_if_index, bd_id=99, enable=1
+        )
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, bd_id=99, enable=1)
+            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, bd_id=99, enable=1
+        )
 
         # Create incoming packet streams for packet-generator interfaces
         pg0_pkts = self.create_stream(
-            self.pg0, self.pg_if_packet_sizes, do_dot1=True, bcast=True)
+            self.pg0, self.pg_if_packet_sizes, do_dot1=True, bcast=True
+        )
         self.pg0.add_stream(pg0_pkts)
         pg1_pkts = self.create_stream(
-            self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes, do_dot1=False, bcast=True)
+            self.pg1, self.pg_if_packet_sizes, do_dot1=False, bcast=True
+        )
         self.pg1.add_stream(pg1_pkts)
 
         # Enable SPAN on pg0 (mirrored to pg2)
         self.vapi.sw_interface_span_enable_disable(
-            self.sub_if.sw_if_index, self.pg2.sw_if_index, is_l2=1, state=3)
+            self.sub_if.sw_if_index, self.pg2.sw_if_index, is_l2=1, state=3
+        )
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli("show interface span"))
 
         # Enable packet capturing and start packet sending
@@ -560,15 +587,18 @@ class TestSpan(VppTestCase):
 
         self.bridge(self.pg2.sw_if_index, is_add=0)
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=self.sub_if.sw_if_index, bd_id=99, enable=0)
+            rx_sw_if_index=self.sub_if.sw_if_index, bd_id=99, enable=0
+        )
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, bd_id=99, enable=0)
+            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, bd_id=99, enable=0
+        )
         # Disable SPAN on pg0 (mirrored to pg2)
         self.vapi.sw_interface_span_enable_disable(
-            self.sub_if.sw_if_index, self.pg2.sw_if_index, state=0, is_l2=1)
+            self.sub_if.sw_if_index, self.pg2.sw_if_index, state=0, is_l2=1
+        )
 
         self.verify_capture(pg0_pkts + pg1_pkts, pg2_pkts)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_sparse_vec.py b/test/test_sparse_vec.py
index a683faefd57..6b1cb2885e0 100644
--- a/test/test_sparse_vec.py
+++ b/test/test_sparse_vec.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from vpp_ip_route import VppIpTable, VppIpRoute, VppRoutePath
 
 
 class TestSparseVec(VppTestCase):
-    """ SparseVec Test Cases """
+    """SparseVec Test Cases"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -24,11 +24,12 @@ class TestSparseVec(VppTestCase):
         super(TestSparseVec, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_string_unittest(self):
-        """ SparseVec unit tests """
+        """SparseVec unit tests"""
         error = self.vapi.cli("test sparse_vec")
         if error.find("failed") != -1:
             self.logger.critical("FAILURE in the sparse_vec test")
         self.assertNotIn("failed", error)
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_srmpls.py b/test/test_srmpls.py
index b9abeaeffec..bac3eff2542 100644
--- a/test/test_srmpls.py
+++ b/test/test_srmpls.py
@@ -5,8 +5,14 @@ import socket
 
 from framework import VppTestCase, VppTestRunner
 from vpp_ip import DpoProto
-from vpp_ip_route import VppIpRoute, VppRoutePath, VppMplsRoute, \
-    VppIpTable, VppMplsTable, VppMplsLabel
+from vpp_ip_route import (
+    VppIpRoute,
+    VppRoutePath,
+    VppMplsRoute,
+    VppIpTable,
+    VppMplsTable,
+    VppMplsLabel,
+)
 from vpp_mpls_tunnel_interface import VppMPLSTunnelInterface
 
 from scapy.packet import Raw
@@ -47,7 +53,7 @@ def verify_mpls_stack(tst, rx, mpls_labels):
 
 
 class TestSRMPLS(VppTestCase):
-    """ SR-MPLS Test Case """
+    """SR-MPLS Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -94,17 +100,19 @@ class TestSRMPLS(VppTestCase):
         for i in range(0, 257):
             info = self.create_packet_info(src_if, src_if)
             payload = self.info_to_payload(info)
-            p = (Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac) /
-                 IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_ip,
-                    ttl=ip_ttl, tos=ip_dscp) /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(payload))
+            p = (
+                Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac)
+                / IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_ip, ttl=ip_ttl, tos=ip_dscp)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(payload)
+            )
             info.data = p.copy()
             pkts.append(p)
         return pkts
 
-    def verify_capture_labelled_ip4(self, src_if, capture, sent,
-                                    mpls_labels, ip_ttl=None):
+    def verify_capture_labelled_ip4(
+        self, src_if, capture, sent, mpls_labels, ip_ttl=None
+    ):
         try:
             capture = verify_filter(capture, sent)
 
@@ -152,15 +160,21 @@ class TestSRMPLS(VppTestCase):
             raise
 
     def test_sr_mpls(self):
-        """ SR MPLS """
+        """SR MPLS"""
 
         #
         # A simple MPLS xconnect - neos label in label out
         #
-        route_32_eos = VppMplsRoute(self, 32, 0,
-                                    [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                                  self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                                  labels=[VppMplsLabel(32)])])
+        route_32_eos = VppMplsRoute(
+            self,
+            32,
+            0,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.remote_ip4, self.pg0.sw_if_index, labels=[VppMplsLabel(32)]
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route_32_eos.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
@@ -171,32 +185,38 @@ class TestSRMPLS(VppTestCase):
         #
         # A labeled IP route that resolves thru the binding SID
         #
-        ip_10_0_0_1 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.0.0.1", 32,
-                                 [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                               0xffffffff,
-                                               nh_via_label=999,
-                                               labels=[VppMplsLabel(55)])])
+        ip_10_0_0_1 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10.0.0.1",
+            32,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "0.0.0.0", 0xFFFFFFFF, nh_via_label=999, labels=[VppMplsLabel(55)]
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         ip_10_0_0_1.add_vpp_config()
 
         tx = self.create_stream_ip4(self.pg1, "10.0.0.1")
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, tx, self.pg0)
-        self.verify_capture_labelled_ip4(self.pg0, rx, tx,
-                                         [VppMplsLabel(32),
-                                          VppMplsLabel(55)])
+        self.verify_capture_labelled_ip4(
+            self.pg0, rx, tx, [VppMplsLabel(32), VppMplsLabel(55)]
+        )
 
         #
         # An unlabeled IP route that resolves thru the binding SID
         #
-        ip_10_0_0_1 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.0.0.2", 32,
-                                 [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                               0xffffffff,
-                                               nh_via_label=999)])
+        ip_10_0_0_1 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10.0.0.2",
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", 0xFFFFFFFF, nh_via_label=999)],
+        )
         ip_10_0_0_1.add_vpp_config()
 
         tx = self.create_stream_ip4(self.pg1, "10.0.0.2")
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, tx, self.pg0)
-        self.verify_capture_labelled_ip4(self.pg0, rx, tx,
-                                         [VppMplsLabel(32)])
+        self.verify_capture_labelled_ip4(self.pg0, rx, tx, [VppMplsLabel(32)])
 
         self.vapi.sr_mpls_policy_del(999)
 
@@ -207,71 +227,89 @@ class TestSRMPLS(VppTestCase):
 
         tx = self.create_stream_ip4(self.pg1, "10.0.0.1")
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, tx, self.pg0)
-        self.verify_capture_labelled_ip4(self.pg0, rx, tx,
-                                         [VppMplsLabel(32),
-                                          VppMplsLabel(33),
-                                          VppMplsLabel(34),
-                                          VppMplsLabel(55)])
+        self.verify_capture_labelled_ip4(
+            self.pg0,
+            rx,
+            tx,
+            [VppMplsLabel(32), VppMplsLabel(33), VppMplsLabel(34), VppMplsLabel(55)],
+        )
         tx = self.create_stream_ip4(self.pg1, "10.0.0.2")
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, tx, self.pg0)
-        self.verify_capture_labelled_ip4(self.pg0, rx, tx,
-                                         [VppMplsLabel(32),
-                                          VppMplsLabel(33),
-                                          VppMplsLabel(34)])
+        self.verify_capture_labelled_ip4(
+            self.pg0, rx, tx, [VppMplsLabel(32), VppMplsLabel(33), VppMplsLabel(34)]
+        )
 
         #
         # Resolve an MPLS tunnel via the SID
         #
         mpls_tun = VppMPLSTunnelInterface(
             self,
-            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                          0xffffffff,
-                          nh_via_label=999,
-                          labels=[VppMplsLabel(44),
-                                  VppMplsLabel(46)])])
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "0.0.0.0",
+                    0xFFFFFFFF,
+                    nh_via_label=999,
+                    labels=[VppMplsLabel(44), VppMplsLabel(46)],
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         mpls_tun.add_vpp_config()
         mpls_tun.admin_up()
 
         #
         # add an unlabelled route through the new tunnel
         #
-        route_10_0_0_3 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.0.0.3", 32,
-                                    [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                                  mpls_tun._sw_if_index)])
+        route_10_0_0_3 = VppIpRoute(
+            self, "10.0.0.3", 32, [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", mpls_tun._sw_if_index)]
+        )
         route_10_0_0_3.add_vpp_config()
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh mpls tun 0"))
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh adj 21"))
 
         tx = self.create_stream_ip4(self.pg1, "10.0.0.3")
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, tx, self.pg0)
-        self.verify_capture_tunneled_ip4(self.pg0, rx, tx,
-                                         [VppMplsLabel(32),
-                                          VppMplsLabel(33),
-                                          VppMplsLabel(34),
-                                          VppMplsLabel(44),
-                                          VppMplsLabel(46)])
+        self.verify_capture_tunneled_ip4(
+            self.pg0,
+            rx,
+            tx,
+            [
+                VppMplsLabel(32),
+                VppMplsLabel(33),
+                VppMplsLabel(34),
+                VppMplsLabel(44),
+                VppMplsLabel(46),
+            ],
+        )
 
         #
         # add a labelled route through the new tunnel
         #
-        route_10_0_0_3 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.0.0.4", 32,
-                                    [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                                  mpls_tun._sw_if_index,
-                                                  labels=[VppMplsLabel(55)])])
+        route_10_0_0_3 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "10.0.0.4",
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", mpls_tun._sw_if_index, labels=[VppMplsLabel(55)])],
+        )
         route_10_0_0_3.add_vpp_config()
 
         tx = self.create_stream_ip4(self.pg1, "10.0.0.4")
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, tx, self.pg0)
-        self.verify_capture_tunneled_ip4(self.pg0, rx, tx,
-                                         [VppMplsLabel(32),
-                                          VppMplsLabel(33),
-                                          VppMplsLabel(34),
-                                          VppMplsLabel(44),
-                                          VppMplsLabel(46),
-                                          VppMplsLabel(55)])
+        self.verify_capture_tunneled_ip4(
+            self.pg0,
+            rx,
+            tx,
+            [
+                VppMplsLabel(32),
+                VppMplsLabel(33),
+                VppMplsLabel(34),
+                VppMplsLabel(44),
+                VppMplsLabel(46),
+                VppMplsLabel(55),
+            ],
+        )
 
         self.vapi.sr_mpls_policy_del(999)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_srv6.py b/test/test_srv6.py
index ec2fb6d4369..40b53375ddb 100644
--- a/test/test_srv6.py
+++ b/test/test_srv6.py
@@ -6,8 +6,14 @@ from socket import AF_INET6
 
 from framework import VppTestCase, VppTestRunner
 from vpp_ip_route import VppIpRoute, VppRoutePath, FibPathProto, VppIpTable
-from vpp_srv6 import SRv6LocalSIDBehaviors, VppSRv6LocalSID, VppSRv6Policy, \
-    SRv6PolicyType, VppSRv6Steering, SRv6PolicySteeringTypes
+from vpp_srv6 import (
+    SRv6LocalSIDBehaviors,
+    VppSRv6LocalSID,
+    VppSRv6Policy,
+    SRv6PolicyType,
+    VppSRv6Steering,
+    SRv6PolicySteeringTypes,
+)
 
 import scapy.compat
 from scapy.packet import Raw
@@ -19,7 +25,7 @@ from util import ppp
 
 
 class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
-    """ SRv6 Test Case """
+    """SRv6 Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -30,8 +36,7 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         super(TestSRv6, cls).tearDownClass()
 
     def setUp(self):
-        """ Perform test setup before each test case.
-        """
+        """Perform test setup before each test case."""
         super(TestSRv6, self).setUp()
 
         # packet sizes, inclusive L2 overhead
@@ -41,17 +46,15 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         self.reset_packet_infos()
 
     def tearDown(self):
-        """ Clean up test setup after each test case.
-        """
+        """Clean up test setup after each test case."""
         self.teardown_interfaces()
 
         super(TestSRv6, self).tearDown()
 
-    def configure_interface(self,
-                            interface,
-                            ipv6=False, ipv4=False,
-                            ipv6_table_id=0, ipv4_table_id=0):
-        """ Configure interface.
+    def configure_interface(
+        self, interface, ipv6=False, ipv4=False, ipv6_table_id=0, ipv4_table_id=0
+    ):
+        """Configure interface.
         :param ipv6: configure IPv6 on interface
         :param ipv4: configure IPv4 on interface
         :param ipv6_table_id: FIB table_id for IPv6
@@ -70,9 +73,8 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
             interface.resolve_arp()
         interface.admin_up()
 
-    def setup_interfaces(self, ipv6=[], ipv4=[],
-                         ipv6_table_id=[], ipv4_table_id=[]):
-        """ Create and configure interfaces.
+    def setup_interfaces(self, ipv6=[], ipv4=[], ipv6_table_id=[], ipv4_table_id=[]):
+        """Create and configure interfaces.
 
         :param ipv6: list of interface IPv6 capabilities
         :param ipv4: list of interface IPv4 capabilities
@@ -107,9 +109,9 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         # setup all interfaces
         for i in range(count):
             intf = self.pg_interfaces[i]
-            self.configure_interface(intf,
-                                     ipv6[i], ipv4[i],
-                                     ipv6_table_id[i], ipv4_table_id[i])
+            self.configure_interface(
+                intf, ipv6[i], ipv4[i], ipv6_table_id[i], ipv4_table_id[i]
+            )
 
         if any(ipv6):
             self.logger.debug(self.vapi.cli("show ip6 neighbors"))
@@ -121,8 +123,7 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         return self.pg_interfaces
 
     def teardown_interfaces(self):
-        """ Unconfigure and bring down interface.
-        """
+        """Unconfigure and bring down interface."""
         self.logger.debug("Tearing down interfaces")
         # tear down all interfaces
         # AFAIK they cannot be deleted
@@ -135,16 +136,15 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(0, "PC to fix")
     def test_SRv6_T_Encaps(self):
-        """ Test SRv6 Transit.Encaps behavior for IPv6.
-        """
+        """Test SRv6 Transit.Encaps behavior for IPv6."""
         # send traffic to one destination interface
         # source and destination are IPv6 only
         self.setup_interfaces(ipv6=[True, True])
 
         # configure FIB entries
-        route = VppIpRoute(self, "a4::", 64,
-                           [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                                         self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
+        route = VppIpRoute(
+            self, "a4::", 64, [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6, self.pg1.sw_if_index)]
+        )
         route.add_vpp_config()
 
         # configure encaps IPv6 source address
@@ -152,16 +152,19 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         # TODO: API?
         self.vapi.cli("set sr encaps source addr a3::")
 
-        bsid = 'a3::9999:1'
+        bsid = "a3::9999:1"
         # configure SRv6 Policy
         # Note: segment list order: first -> last
         sr_policy = VppSRv6Policy(
-            self, bsid=bsid,
+            self,
+            bsid=bsid,
             is_encap=1,
             sr_type=SRv6PolicyType.SR_POLICY_TYPE_DEFAULT,
-            weight=1, fib_table=0,
-            segments=['a4::', 'a5::', 'a6::c7'],
-            source='a3::')
+            weight=1,
+            fib_table=0,
+            segments=["a4::", "a5::", "a6::c7"],
+            source="a3::",
+        )
         sr_policy.add_vpp_config()
         self.sr_policy = sr_policy
 
@@ -171,12 +174,15 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         # steer IPv6 traffic to a7::/64 into SRv6 Policy
         # use the bsid of the above self.sr_policy
         pol_steering = VppSRv6Steering(
-                        self,
-                        bsid=self.sr_policy.bsid,
-                        prefix="a7::", mask_width=64,
-                        traffic_type=SRv6PolicySteeringTypes.SR_STEER_IPV6,
-                        sr_policy_index=0, table_id=0,
-                        sw_if_index=0)
+            self,
+            bsid=self.sr_policy.bsid,
+            prefix="a7::",
+            mask_width=64,
+            traffic_type=SRv6PolicySteeringTypes.SR_STEER_IPV6,
+            sr_policy_index=0,
+            table_id=0,
+            sw_if_index=0,
+        )
         pol_steering.add_vpp_config()
 
         # log the sr steering policies
@@ -184,37 +190,46 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
 
         # create packets
         count = len(self.pg_packet_sizes)
-        dst_inner = 'a7::1234'
+        dst_inner = "a7::1234"
         pkts = []
 
         # create IPv6 packets without SRH
         packet_header = self.create_packet_header_IPv6(dst_inner)
         # create traffic stream pg0->pg1
-        pkts.extend(self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header,
-                                       self.pg_packet_sizes, count))
+        pkts.extend(
+            self.create_stream(
+                self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+            )
+        )
 
         # create IPv6 packets with SRH
         # packets with segments-left 1, active segment a7::
         packet_header = self.create_packet_header_IPv6_SRH(
-            sidlist=['a8::', 'a7::', 'a6::'],
-            segleft=1)
+            sidlist=["a8::", "a7::", "a6::"], segleft=1
+        )
         # create traffic stream pg0->pg1
-        pkts.extend(self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header,
-                                       self.pg_packet_sizes, count))
+        pkts.extend(
+            self.create_stream(
+                self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+            )
+        )
 
         # create IPv6 packets with SRH and IPv6
         # packets with segments-left 1, active segment a7::
         packet_header = self.create_packet_header_IPv6_SRH_IPv6(
-            dst_inner,
-            sidlist=['a8::', 'a7::', 'a6::'],
-            segleft=1)
+            dst_inner, sidlist=["a8::", "a7::", "a6::"], segleft=1
+        )
         # create traffic stream pg0->pg1
-        pkts.extend(self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header,
-                                       self.pg_packet_sizes, count))
+        pkts.extend(
+            self.create_stream(
+                self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+            )
+        )
 
         # send packets and verify received packets
-        self.send_and_verify_pkts(self.pg0, pkts, self.pg1,
-                                  self.compare_rx_tx_packet_T_Encaps)
+        self.send_and_verify_pkts(
+            self.pg0, pkts, self.pg1, self.compare_rx_tx_packet_T_Encaps
+        )
 
         # log the localsid counters
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show sr localsid"))
@@ -235,16 +250,15 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(0, "PC to fix")
     def test_SRv6_T_Insert(self):
-        """ Test SRv6 Transit.Insert behavior (IPv6 only).
-        """
+        """Test SRv6 Transit.Insert behavior (IPv6 only)."""
         # send traffic to one destination interface
         # source and destination are IPv6 only
         self.setup_interfaces(ipv6=[True, True])
 
         # configure FIB entries
-        route = VppIpRoute(self, "a4::", 64,
-                           [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                                         self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
+        route = VppIpRoute(
+            self, "a4::", 64, [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6, self.pg1.sw_if_index)]
+        )
         route.add_vpp_config()
 
         # configure encaps IPv6 source address
@@ -252,16 +266,19 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         # TODO: API?
         self.vapi.cli("set sr encaps source addr a3::")
 
-        bsid = 'a3::9999:1'
+        bsid = "a3::9999:1"
         # configure SRv6 Policy
         # Note: segment list order: first -> last
         sr_policy = VppSRv6Policy(
-            self, bsid=bsid,
+            self,
+            bsid=bsid,
             is_encap=0,
             sr_type=SRv6PolicyType.SR_POLICY_TYPE_DEFAULT,
-            weight=1, fib_table=0,
-            segments=['a4::', 'a5::', 'a6::c7'],
-            source='a3::')
+            weight=1,
+            fib_table=0,
+            segments=["a4::", "a5::", "a6::c7"],
+            source="a3::",
+        )
         sr_policy.add_vpp_config()
         self.sr_policy = sr_policy
 
@@ -271,12 +288,15 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         # steer IPv6 traffic to a7::/64 into SRv6 Policy
         # use the bsid of the above self.sr_policy
         pol_steering = VppSRv6Steering(
-                        self,
-                        bsid=self.sr_policy.bsid,
-                        prefix="a7::", mask_width=64,
-                        traffic_type=SRv6PolicySteeringTypes.SR_STEER_IPV6,
-                        sr_policy_index=0, table_id=0,
-                        sw_if_index=0)
+            self,
+            bsid=self.sr_policy.bsid,
+            prefix="a7::",
+            mask_width=64,
+            traffic_type=SRv6PolicySteeringTypes.SR_STEER_IPV6,
+            sr_policy_index=0,
+            table_id=0,
+            sw_if_index=0,
+        )
         pol_steering.add_vpp_config()
 
         # log the sr steering policies
@@ -284,27 +304,34 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
 
         # create packets
         count = len(self.pg_packet_sizes)
-        dst_inner = 'a7::1234'
+        dst_inner = "a7::1234"
         pkts = []
 
         # create IPv6 packets without SRH
         packet_header = self.create_packet_header_IPv6(dst_inner)
         # create traffic stream pg0->pg1
-        pkts.extend(self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header,
-                                       self.pg_packet_sizes, count))
+        pkts.extend(
+            self.create_stream(
+                self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+            )
+        )
 
         # create IPv6 packets with SRH
         # packets with segments-left 1, active segment a7::
         packet_header = self.create_packet_header_IPv6_SRH(
-            sidlist=['a8::', 'a7::', 'a6::'],
-            segleft=1)
+            sidlist=["a8::", "a7::", "a6::"], segleft=1
+        )
         # create traffic stream pg0->pg1
-        pkts.extend(self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header,
-                                       self.pg_packet_sizes, count))
+        pkts.extend(
+            self.create_stream(
+                self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+            )
+        )
 
         # send packets and verify received packets
-        self.send_and_verify_pkts(self.pg0, pkts, self.pg1,
-                                  self.compare_rx_tx_packet_T_Insert)
+        self.send_and_verify_pkts(
+            self.pg0, pkts, self.pg1, self.compare_rx_tx_packet_T_Insert
+        )
 
         # log the localsid counters
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show sr localsid"))
@@ -325,17 +352,16 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(0, "PC to fix")
     def test_SRv6_T_Encaps_IPv4(self):
-        """ Test SRv6 Transit.Encaps behavior for IPv4.
-        """
+        """Test SRv6 Transit.Encaps behavior for IPv4."""
         # send traffic to one destination interface
         # source interface is IPv4 only
         # destination interface is IPv6 only
         self.setup_interfaces(ipv6=[False, True], ipv4=[True, False])
 
         # configure FIB entries
-        route = VppIpRoute(self, "a4::", 64,
-                           [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                                         self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
+        route = VppIpRoute(
+            self, "a4::", 64, [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6, self.pg1.sw_if_index)]
+        )
         route.add_vpp_config()
 
         # configure encaps IPv6 source address
@@ -343,16 +369,19 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         # TODO: API?
         self.vapi.cli("set sr encaps source addr a3::")
 
-        bsid = 'a3::9999:1'
+        bsid = "a3::9999:1"
         # configure SRv6 Policy
         # Note: segment list order: first -> last
         sr_policy = VppSRv6Policy(
-            self, bsid=bsid,
+            self,
+            bsid=bsid,
             is_encap=1,
             sr_type=SRv6PolicyType.SR_POLICY_TYPE_DEFAULT,
-            weight=1, fib_table=0,
-            segments=['a4::', 'a5::', 'a6::c7'],
-            source='a3::')
+            weight=1,
+            fib_table=0,
+            segments=["a4::", "a5::", "a6::c7"],
+            source="a3::",
+        )
         sr_policy.add_vpp_config()
         self.sr_policy = sr_policy
 
@@ -362,12 +391,15 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         # steer IPv4 traffic to 7.1.1.0/24 into SRv6 Policy
         # use the bsid of the above self.sr_policy
         pol_steering = VppSRv6Steering(
-                        self,
-                        bsid=self.sr_policy.bsid,
-                        prefix="7.1.1.0", mask_width=24,
-                        traffic_type=SRv6PolicySteeringTypes.SR_STEER_IPV4,
-                        sr_policy_index=0, table_id=0,
-                        sw_if_index=0)
+            self,
+            bsid=self.sr_policy.bsid,
+            prefix="7.1.1.0",
+            mask_width=24,
+            traffic_type=SRv6PolicySteeringTypes.SR_STEER_IPV4,
+            sr_policy_index=0,
+            table_id=0,
+            sw_if_index=0,
+        )
         pol_steering.add_vpp_config()
 
         # log the sr steering policies
@@ -375,18 +407,22 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
 
         # create packets
         count = len(self.pg_packet_sizes)
-        dst_inner = '7.1.1.123'
+        dst_inner = "7.1.1.123"
         pkts = []
 
         # create IPv4 packets
         packet_header = self.create_packet_header_IPv4(dst_inner)
         # create traffic stream pg0->pg1
-        pkts.extend(self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header,
-                                       self.pg_packet_sizes, count))
+        pkts.extend(
+            self.create_stream(
+                self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+            )
+        )
 
         # send packets and verify received packets
-        self.send_and_verify_pkts(self.pg0, pkts, self.pg1,
-                                  self.compare_rx_tx_packet_T_Encaps_IPv4)
+        self.send_and_verify_pkts(
+            self.pg0, pkts, self.pg1, self.compare_rx_tx_packet_T_Encaps_IPv4
+        )
 
         # log the localsid counters
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show sr localsid"))
@@ -407,17 +443,16 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
 
     @unittest.skip("VPP crashes after running this test")
     def test_SRv6_T_Encaps_L2(self):
-        """ Test SRv6 Transit.Encaps behavior for L2.
-        """
+        """Test SRv6 Transit.Encaps behavior for L2."""
         # send traffic to one destination interface
         # source interface is IPv4 only TODO?
         # destination interface is IPv6 only
         self.setup_interfaces(ipv6=[False, True], ipv4=[False, False])
 
         # configure FIB entries
-        route = VppIpRoute(self, "a4::", 64,
-                           [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                                         self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
+        route = VppIpRoute(
+            self, "a4::", 64, [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6, self.pg1.sw_if_index)]
+        )
         route.add_vpp_config()
 
         # configure encaps IPv6 source address
@@ -425,16 +460,19 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         # TODO: API?
         self.vapi.cli("set sr encaps source addr a3::")
 
-        bsid = 'a3::9999:1'
+        bsid = "a3::9999:1"
         # configure SRv6 Policy
         # Note: segment list order: first -> last
         sr_policy = VppSRv6Policy(
-            self, bsid=bsid,
+            self,
+            bsid=bsid,
             is_encap=1,
             sr_type=SRv6PolicyType.SR_POLICY_TYPE_DEFAULT,
-            weight=1, fib_table=0,
-            segments=['a4::', 'a5::', 'a6::c7'],
-            source='a3::')
+            weight=1,
+            fib_table=0,
+            segments=["a4::", "a5::", "a6::c7"],
+            source="a3::",
+        )
         sr_policy.add_vpp_config()
         self.sr_policy = sr_policy
 
@@ -444,12 +482,15 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         # steer L2 traffic into SRv6 Policy
         # use the bsid of the above self.sr_policy
         pol_steering = VppSRv6Steering(
-                        self,
-                        bsid=self.sr_policy.bsid,
-                        prefix="::", mask_width=0,
-                        traffic_type=SRv6PolicySteeringTypes.SR_STEER_L2,
-                        sr_policy_index=0, table_id=0,
-                        sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index)
+            self,
+            bsid=self.sr_policy.bsid,
+            prefix="::",
+            mask_width=0,
+            traffic_type=SRv6PolicySteeringTypes.SR_STEER_L2,
+            sr_policy_index=0,
+            table_id=0,
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+        )
         pol_steering.add_vpp_config()
 
         # log the sr steering policies
@@ -462,18 +503,25 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         # create L2 packets without dot1q header
         packet_header = self.create_packet_header_L2()
         # create traffic stream pg0->pg1
-        pkts.extend(self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header,
-                                       self.pg_packet_sizes, count))
+        pkts.extend(
+            self.create_stream(
+                self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+            )
+        )
 
         # create L2 packets with dot1q header
         packet_header = self.create_packet_header_L2(vlan=123)
         # create traffic stream pg0->pg1
-        pkts.extend(self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header,
-                                       self.pg_packet_sizes, count))
+        pkts.extend(
+            self.create_stream(
+                self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+            )
+        )
 
         # send packets and verify received packets
-        self.send_and_verify_pkts(self.pg0, pkts, self.pg1,
-                                  self.compare_rx_tx_packet_T_Encaps_L2)
+        self.send_and_verify_pkts(
+            self.pg0, pkts, self.pg1, self.compare_rx_tx_packet_T_Encaps_L2
+        )
 
         # log the localsid counters
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show sr localsid"))
@@ -493,27 +541,28 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         self.teardown_interfaces()
 
     def test_SRv6_End(self):
-        """ Test SRv6 End (without PSP) behavior.
-        """
+        """Test SRv6 End (without PSP) behavior."""
         # send traffic to one destination interface
         # source and destination interfaces are IPv6 only
         self.setup_interfaces(ipv6=[True, True])
 
         # configure FIB entries
-        route = VppIpRoute(self, "a4::", 64,
-                           [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                                         self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
+        route = VppIpRoute(
+            self, "a4::", 64, [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6, self.pg1.sw_if_index)]
+        )
         route.add_vpp_config()
 
         # configure SRv6 localSID End without PSP behavior
         localsid = VppSRv6LocalSID(
-                        self, localsid='A3::0',
-                        behavior=SRv6LocalSIDBehaviors.SR_BEHAVIOR_END,
-                        nh_addr=0,
-                        end_psp=0,
-                        sw_if_index=0,
-                        vlan_index=0,
-                        fib_table=0)
+            self,
+            localsid="A3::0",
+            behavior=SRv6LocalSIDBehaviors.SR_BEHAVIOR_END,
+            nh_addr=0,
+            end_psp=0,
+            sw_if_index=0,
+            vlan_index=0,
+            fib_table=0,
+        )
         localsid.add_vpp_config()
         # log the localsids
         self.logger.debug(self.vapi.cli("show sr localsid"))
@@ -522,41 +571,52 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         # send one packet per SL value per packet size
         # SL=0 packet with localSID End with USP needs 2nd SRH
         count = len(self.pg_packet_sizes)
-        dst_inner = 'a4::1234'
+        dst_inner = "a4::1234"
         pkts = []
 
         # packets with segments-left 2, active segment a3::
         packet_header = self.create_packet_header_IPv6_SRH_IPv6(
-                dst_inner,
-                sidlist=['a5::', 'a4::', 'a3::'],
-                segleft=2)
+            dst_inner, sidlist=["a5::", "a4::", "a3::"], segleft=2
+        )
         # create traffic stream pg0->pg1
-        pkts.extend(self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header,
-                                       self.pg_packet_sizes, count))
+        pkts.extend(
+            self.create_stream(
+                self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+            )
+        )
 
         # packets with segments-left 1, active segment a3::
         packet_header = self.create_packet_header_IPv6_SRH_IPv6(
-                dst_inner,
-                sidlist=['a4::', 'a3::', 'a2::'],
-                segleft=1)
+            dst_inner, sidlist=["a4::", "a3::", "a2::"], segleft=1
+        )
         # add to traffic stream pg0->pg1
-        pkts.extend(self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header,
-                                       self.pg_packet_sizes, count))
+        pkts.extend(
+            self.create_stream(
+                self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+            )
+        )
 
         # TODO: test behavior with SL=0 packet (needs 2*SRH?)
 
         expected_count = len(pkts)
 
         # packets without SRH (should not crash)
-        packet_header = self.create_packet_header_IPv6('a3::')
+        packet_header = self.create_packet_header_IPv6("a3::")
         # create traffic stream pg0->pg1
-        pkts.extend(self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header,
-                                       self.pg_packet_sizes, count))
+        pkts.extend(
+            self.create_stream(
+                self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+            )
+        )
 
         # send packets and verify received packets
-        self.send_and_verify_pkts(self.pg0, pkts, self.pg1,
-                                  self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End,
-                                  expected_count=expected_count)
+        self.send_and_verify_pkts(
+            self.pg0,
+            pkts,
+            self.pg1,
+            self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End,
+            expected_count=expected_count,
+        )
 
         # log the localsid counters
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show sr localsid"))
@@ -571,27 +631,28 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         self.teardown_interfaces()
 
     def test_SRv6_End_with_PSP(self):
-        """ Test SRv6 End with PSP behavior.
-        """
+        """Test SRv6 End with PSP behavior."""
         # send traffic to one destination interface
         # source and destination interfaces are IPv6 only
         self.setup_interfaces(ipv6=[True, True])
 
         # configure FIB entries
-        route = VppIpRoute(self, "a4::", 64,
-                           [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                                         self.pg1.sw_if_index)])
+        route = VppIpRoute(
+            self, "a4::", 64, [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6, self.pg1.sw_if_index)]
+        )
         route.add_vpp_config()
 
         # configure SRv6 localSID End with PSP behavior
         localsid = VppSRv6LocalSID(
-                        self, localsid='A3::0',
-                        behavior=SRv6LocalSIDBehaviors.SR_BEHAVIOR_END,
-                        nh_addr=0,
-                        end_psp=1,
-                        sw_if_index=0,
-                        vlan_index=0,
-                        fib_table=0)
+            self,
+            localsid="A3::0",
+            behavior=SRv6LocalSIDBehaviors.SR_BEHAVIOR_END,
+            nh_addr=0,
+            end_psp=1,
+            sw_if_index=0,
+            vlan_index=0,
+            fib_table=0,
+        )
         localsid.add_vpp_config()
         # log the localsids
         self.logger.debug(self.vapi.cli("show sr localsid"))
@@ -600,30 +661,35 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         # send one packet per SL value per packet size
         # SL=0 packet with localSID End with PSP is dropped
         count = len(self.pg_packet_sizes)
-        dst_inner = 'a4::1234'
+        dst_inner = "a4::1234"
         pkts = []
 
         # packets with segments-left 2, active segment a3::
         packet_header = self.create_packet_header_IPv6_SRH_IPv6(
-                    dst_inner,
-                    sidlist=['a5::', 'a4::', 'a3::'],
-                    segleft=2)
+            dst_inner, sidlist=["a5::", "a4::", "a3::"], segleft=2
+        )
         # create traffic stream pg0->pg1
-        pkts.extend(self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header,
-                                       self.pg_packet_sizes, count))
+        pkts.extend(
+            self.create_stream(
+                self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+            )
+        )
 
         # packets with segments-left 1, active segment a3::
         packet_header = self.create_packet_header_IPv6_SRH_IPv6(
-                    dst_inner,
-                    sidlist=['a4::', 'a3::', 'a2::'],
-                    segleft=1)
+            dst_inner, sidlist=["a4::", "a3::", "a2::"], segleft=1
+        )
         # add to traffic stream pg0->pg1
-        pkts.extend(self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header,
-                                       self.pg_packet_sizes, count))
+        pkts.extend(
+            self.create_stream(
+                self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+            )
+        )
 
         # send packets and verify received packets
-        self.send_and_verify_pkts(self.pg0, pkts, self.pg1,
-                                  self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_PSP)
+        self.send_and_verify_pkts(
+            self.pg0, pkts, self.pg1, self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_PSP
+        )
 
         # log the localsid counters
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show sr localsid"))
@@ -638,32 +704,37 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         self.teardown_interfaces()
 
     def test_SRv6_End_X(self):
-        """ Test SRv6 End.X (without PSP) behavior.
-        """
+        """Test SRv6 End.X (without PSP) behavior."""
         # create three interfaces (1 source, 2 destinations)
         # source and destination interfaces are IPv6 only
         self.setup_interfaces(ipv6=[True, True, True])
 
         # configure FIB entries
         # a4::/64 via pg1 and pg2
-        route = VppIpRoute(self, "a4::", 64,
-                           [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                                         self.pg1.sw_if_index),
-                            VppRoutePath(self.pg2.remote_ip6,
-                                         self.pg2.sw_if_index)])
+        route = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "a4::",
+            64,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6, self.pg1.sw_if_index),
+                VppRoutePath(self.pg2.remote_ip6, self.pg2.sw_if_index),
+            ],
+        )
         route.add_vpp_config()
         self.logger.debug(self.vapi.cli("show ip6 fib"))
 
         # configure SRv6 localSID End.X without PSP behavior
         # End.X points to interface pg1
         localsid = VppSRv6LocalSID(
-                        self, localsid='A3::C4',
-                        behavior=SRv6LocalSIDBehaviors.SR_BEHAVIOR_X,
-                        nh_addr=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                        end_psp=0,
-                        sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                        vlan_index=0,
-                        fib_table=0)
+            self,
+            localsid="A3::C4",
+            behavior=SRv6LocalSIDBehaviors.SR_BEHAVIOR_X,
+            nh_addr=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
+            end_psp=0,
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+            vlan_index=0,
+            fib_table=0,
+        )
         localsid.add_vpp_config()
         # log the localsids
         self.logger.debug(self.vapi.cli("show sr localsid"))
@@ -672,31 +743,36 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         # send one packet per SL value per packet size
         # SL=0 packet with localSID End with PSP is dropped
         count = len(self.pg_packet_sizes)
-        dst_inner = 'a4::1234'
+        dst_inner = "a4::1234"
         pkts = []
 
         # packets with segments-left 2, active segment a3::c4
         packet_header = self.create_packet_header_IPv6_SRH_IPv6(
-                    dst_inner,
-                    sidlist=['a5::', 'a4::', 'a3::c4'],
-                    segleft=2)
+            dst_inner, sidlist=["a5::", "a4::", "a3::c4"], segleft=2
+        )
         # create traffic stream pg0->pg1
-        pkts.extend(self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header,
-                                       self.pg_packet_sizes, count))
+        pkts.extend(
+            self.create_stream(
+                self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+            )
+        )
 
         # packets with segments-left 1, active segment a3::c4
         packet_header = self.create_packet_header_IPv6_SRH_IPv6(
-                    dst_inner,
-                    sidlist=['a4::', 'a3::c4', 'a2::'],
-                    segleft=1)
+            dst_inner, sidlist=["a4::", "a3::c4", "a2::"], segleft=1
+        )
         # add to traffic stream pg0->pg1
-        pkts.extend(self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header,
-                                       self.pg_packet_sizes, count))
+        pkts.extend(
+            self.create_stream(
+                self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+            )
+        )
 
         # send packets and verify received packets
         # using same comparison function as End (no PSP)
-        self.send_and_verify_pkts(self.pg0, pkts, self.pg1,
-                                  self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End)
+        self.send_and_verify_pkts(
+            self.pg0, pkts, self.pg1, self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End
+        )
 
         # assert nothing was received on the other interface (pg2)
         self.pg2.assert_nothing_captured(remark="mis-directed packet(s)")
@@ -714,31 +790,35 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         self.teardown_interfaces()
 
     def test_SRv6_End_X_with_PSP(self):
-        """ Test SRv6 End.X with PSP behavior.
-        """
+        """Test SRv6 End.X with PSP behavior."""
         # create three interfaces (1 source, 2 destinations)
         # source and destination interfaces are IPv6 only
         self.setup_interfaces(ipv6=[True, True, True])
 
         # configure FIB entries
         # a4::/64 via pg1 and pg2
-        route = VppIpRoute(self, "a4::", 64,
-                           [VppRoutePath(
-                               self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                               self.pg1.sw_if_index),
-                            VppRoutePath(self.pg2.remote_ip6,
-                                         self.pg2.sw_if_index)])
+        route = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "a4::",
+            64,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6, self.pg1.sw_if_index),
+                VppRoutePath(self.pg2.remote_ip6, self.pg2.sw_if_index),
+            ],
+        )
         route.add_vpp_config()
 
         # configure SRv6 localSID End with PSP behavior
         localsid = VppSRv6LocalSID(
-                        self, localsid='A3::C4',
-                        behavior=SRv6LocalSIDBehaviors.SR_BEHAVIOR_X,
-                        nh_addr=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                        end_psp=1,
-                        sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                        vlan_index=0,
-                        fib_table=0)
+            self,
+            localsid="A3::C4",
+            behavior=SRv6LocalSIDBehaviors.SR_BEHAVIOR_X,
+            nh_addr=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
+            end_psp=1,
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+            vlan_index=0,
+            fib_table=0,
+        )
         localsid.add_vpp_config()
         # log the localsids
         self.logger.debug(self.vapi.cli("show sr localsid"))
@@ -747,31 +827,36 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         # send one packet per SL value per packet size
         # SL=0 packet with localSID End with PSP is dropped
         count = len(self.pg_packet_sizes)
-        dst_inner = 'a4::1234'
+        dst_inner = "a4::1234"
         pkts = []
 
         # packets with segments-left 2, active segment a3::
         packet_header = self.create_packet_header_IPv6_SRH_IPv6(
-                    dst_inner,
-                    sidlist=['a5::', 'a4::', 'a3::c4'],
-                    segleft=2)
+            dst_inner, sidlist=["a5::", "a4::", "a3::c4"], segleft=2
+        )
         # create traffic stream pg0->pg1
-        pkts.extend(self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header,
-                                       self.pg_packet_sizes, count))
+        pkts.extend(
+            self.create_stream(
+                self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+            )
+        )
 
         # packets with segments-left 1, active segment a3::
         packet_header = self.create_packet_header_IPv6_SRH_IPv6(
-                    dst_inner,
-                    sidlist=['a4::', 'a3::c4', 'a2::'],
-                    segleft=1)
+            dst_inner, sidlist=["a4::", "a3::c4", "a2::"], segleft=1
+        )
         # add to traffic stream pg0->pg1
-        pkts.extend(self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header,
-                                       self.pg_packet_sizes, count))
+        pkts.extend(
+            self.create_stream(
+                self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+            )
+        )
 
         # send packets and verify received packets
         # using same comparison function as End with PSP
-        self.send_and_verify_pkts(self.pg0, pkts, self.pg1,
-                                  self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_PSP)
+        self.send_and_verify_pkts(
+            self.pg0, pkts, self.pg1, self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_PSP
+        )
 
         # assert nothing was received on the other interface (pg2)
         self.pg2.assert_nothing_captured(remark="mis-directed packet(s)")
@@ -789,21 +874,22 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         self.teardown_interfaces()
 
     def test_SRv6_End_DX6(self):
-        """ Test SRv6 End.DX6 behavior.
-        """
+        """Test SRv6 End.DX6 behavior."""
         # send traffic to one destination interface
         # source and destination interfaces are IPv6 only
         self.setup_interfaces(ipv6=[True, True])
 
         # configure SRv6 localSID End.DX6 behavior
         localsid = VppSRv6LocalSID(
-                        self, localsid='A3::C4',
-                        behavior=SRv6LocalSIDBehaviors.SR_BEHAVIOR_DX6,
-                        nh_addr=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                        end_psp=0,
-                        sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                        vlan_index=0,
-                        fib_table=0)
+            self,
+            localsid="A3::C4",
+            behavior=SRv6LocalSIDBehaviors.SR_BEHAVIOR_DX6,
+            nh_addr=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
+            end_psp=0,
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+            vlan_index=0,
+            fib_table=0,
+        )
         localsid.add_vpp_config()
         # log the localsids
         self.logger.debug(self.vapi.cli("show sr localsid"))
@@ -811,30 +897,36 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         # create IPv6 packets with SRH (SL=0)
         # send one packet per packet size
         count = len(self.pg_packet_sizes)
-        dst_inner = 'a4::1234'  # inner header destination address
+        dst_inner = "a4::1234"  # inner header destination address
         pkts = []
 
         # packets with SRH, segments-left 0, active segment a3::c4
         packet_header = self.create_packet_header_IPv6_SRH_IPv6(
-                        dst_inner,
-                        sidlist=['a3::c4', 'a2::', 'a1::'],
-                        segleft=0)
+            dst_inner, sidlist=["a3::c4", "a2::", "a1::"], segleft=0
+        )
         # add to traffic stream pg0->pg1
-        pkts.extend(self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header,
-                                       self.pg_packet_sizes, count))
+        pkts.extend(
+            self.create_stream(
+                self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+            )
+        )
 
         # packets without SRH, IPv6 in IPv6
         # outer IPv6 dest addr is the localsid End.DX6
         packet_header = self.create_packet_header_IPv6_IPv6(
-                                            dst_inner,
-                                            dst_outer='a3::c4')
+            dst_inner, dst_outer="a3::c4"
+        )
         # add to traffic stream pg0->pg1
-        pkts.extend(self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header,
-                                       self.pg_packet_sizes, count))
+        pkts.extend(
+            self.create_stream(
+                self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+            )
+        )
 
         # send packets and verify received packets
-        self.send_and_verify_pkts(self.pg0, pkts, self.pg1,
-                                  self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_DX6)
+        self.send_and_verify_pkts(
+            self.pg0, pkts, self.pg1, self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_DX6
+        )
 
         # log the localsid counters
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show sr localsid"))
@@ -846,8 +938,7 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         self.teardown_interfaces()
 
     def test_SRv6_End_DT6(self):
-        """ Test SRv6 End.DT6 behavior.
-        """
+        """Test SRv6 End.DT6 behavior."""
         # create three interfaces (1 source, 2 destinations)
         # all interfaces are IPv6 only
         # source interface in global FIB (0)
@@ -855,24 +946,31 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         vrf_1 = 1
         ipt = VppIpTable(self, vrf_1, is_ip6=True)
         ipt.add_vpp_config()
-        self.setup_interfaces(ipv6=[True, True, True],
-                              ipv6_table_id=[0, 0, vrf_1])
+        self.setup_interfaces(ipv6=[True, True, True], ipv6_table_id=[0, 0, vrf_1])
 
         # configure FIB entries
         # a4::/64 is reachable
         #     via pg1 in table 0 (global)
         #     and via pg2 in table vrf_1
-        route0 = VppIpRoute(self, "a4::", 64,
-                            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                                          self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                          nh_table_id=0)],
-                            table_id=0)
+        route0 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "a4::",
+            64,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip6, self.pg1.sw_if_index, nh_table_id=0)],
+            table_id=0,
+        )
         route0.add_vpp_config()
-        route1 = VppIpRoute(self, "a4::", 64,
-                            [VppRoutePath(self.pg2.remote_ip6,
-                                          self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                                          nh_table_id=vrf_1)],
-                            table_id=vrf_1)
+        route1 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "a4::",
+            64,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg2.remote_ip6, self.pg2.sw_if_index, nh_table_id=vrf_1
+                )
+            ],
+            table_id=vrf_1,
+        )
         route1.add_vpp_config()
         self.logger.debug(self.vapi.cli("show ip6 fib"))
 
@@ -881,13 +979,15 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         # fib_table: where the localsid is installed
         # sw_if_index: in T-variants of localsid this is the vrf table_id
         localsid = VppSRv6LocalSID(
-                        self, localsid='A3::C4',
-                        behavior=SRv6LocalSIDBehaviors.SR_BEHAVIOR_DT6,
-                        nh_addr=0,
-                        end_psp=0,
-                        sw_if_index=vrf_1,
-                        vlan_index=0,
-                        fib_table=0)
+            self,
+            localsid="A3::C4",
+            behavior=SRv6LocalSIDBehaviors.SR_BEHAVIOR_DT6,
+            nh_addr=0,
+            end_psp=0,
+            sw_if_index=vrf_1,
+            vlan_index=0,
+            fib_table=0,
+        )
         localsid.add_vpp_config()
         # log the localsids
         self.logger.debug(self.vapi.cli("show sr localsid"))
@@ -895,31 +995,37 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         # create IPv6 packets with SRH (SL=0)
         # send one packet per packet size
         count = len(self.pg_packet_sizes)
-        dst_inner = 'a4::1234'  # inner header destination address
+        dst_inner = "a4::1234"  # inner header destination address
         pkts = []
 
         # packets with SRH, segments-left 0, active segment a3::c4
         packet_header = self.create_packet_header_IPv6_SRH_IPv6(
-                        dst_inner,
-                        sidlist=['a3::c4', 'a2::', 'a1::'],
-                        segleft=0)
+            dst_inner, sidlist=["a3::c4", "a2::", "a1::"], segleft=0
+        )
         # add to traffic stream pg0->pg1
-        pkts.extend(self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg2, packet_header,
-                                       self.pg_packet_sizes, count))
+        pkts.extend(
+            self.create_stream(
+                self.pg0, self.pg2, packet_header, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+            )
+        )
 
         # packets without SRH, IPv6 in IPv6
         # outer IPv6 dest addr is the localsid End.DT6
         packet_header = self.create_packet_header_IPv6_IPv6(
-                                            dst_inner,
-                                            dst_outer='a3::c4')
+            dst_inner, dst_outer="a3::c4"
+        )
         # add to traffic stream pg0->pg1
-        pkts.extend(self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg2, packet_header,
-                                       self.pg_packet_sizes, count))
+        pkts.extend(
+            self.create_stream(
+                self.pg0, self.pg2, packet_header, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+            )
+        )
 
         # send packets and verify received packets
         # using same comparison function as End.DX6
-        self.send_and_verify_pkts(self.pg0, pkts, self.pg2,
-                                  self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_DX6)
+        self.send_and_verify_pkts(
+            self.pg0, pkts, self.pg2, self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_DX6
+        )
 
         # assert nothing was received on the other interface (pg2)
         self.pg1.assert_nothing_captured(remark="mis-directed packet(s)")
@@ -937,8 +1043,7 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         self.teardown_interfaces()
 
     def test_SRv6_End_DX4(self):
-        """ Test SRv6 End.DX4 behavior.
-        """
+        """Test SRv6 End.DX4 behavior."""
         # send traffic to one destination interface
         # source interface is IPv6 only
         # destination interface is IPv4 only
@@ -946,43 +1051,51 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
 
         # configure SRv6 localSID End.DX4 behavior
         localsid = VppSRv6LocalSID(
-                        self, localsid='A3::C4',
-                        behavior=SRv6LocalSIDBehaviors.SR_BEHAVIOR_DX4,
-                        nh_addr=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                        end_psp=0,
-                        sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                        vlan_index=0,
-                        fib_table=0)
+            self,
+            localsid="A3::C4",
+            behavior=SRv6LocalSIDBehaviors.SR_BEHAVIOR_DX4,
+            nh_addr=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
+            end_psp=0,
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+            vlan_index=0,
+            fib_table=0,
+        )
         localsid.add_vpp_config()
         # log the localsids
         self.logger.debug(self.vapi.cli("show sr localsid"))
 
         # send one packet per packet size
         count = len(self.pg_packet_sizes)
-        dst_inner = '4.1.1.123'  # inner header destination address
+        dst_inner = "4.1.1.123"  # inner header destination address
         pkts = []
 
         # packets with SRH, segments-left 0, active segment a3::c4
         packet_header = self.create_packet_header_IPv6_SRH_IPv4(
-                        dst_inner,
-                        sidlist=['a3::c4', 'a2::', 'a1::'],
-                        segleft=0)
+            dst_inner, sidlist=["a3::c4", "a2::", "a1::"], segleft=0
+        )
         # add to traffic stream pg0->pg1
-        pkts.extend(self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header,
-                                       self.pg_packet_sizes, count))
+        pkts.extend(
+            self.create_stream(
+                self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+            )
+        )
 
         # packets without SRH, IPv4 in IPv6
         # outer IPv6 dest addr is the localsid End.DX4
         packet_header = self.create_packet_header_IPv6_IPv4(
-                                            dst_inner,
-                                            dst_outer='a3::c4')
+            dst_inner, dst_outer="a3::c4"
+        )
         # add to traffic stream pg0->pg1
-        pkts.extend(self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header,
-                                       self.pg_packet_sizes, count))
+        pkts.extend(
+            self.create_stream(
+                self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+            )
+        )
 
         # send packets and verify received packets
-        self.send_and_verify_pkts(self.pg0, pkts, self.pg1,
-                                  self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_DX4)
+        self.send_and_verify_pkts(
+            self.pg0, pkts, self.pg1, self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_DX4
+        )
 
         # log the localsid counters
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show sr localsid"))
@@ -994,8 +1107,7 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         self.teardown_interfaces()
 
     def test_SRv6_End_DT4(self):
-        """ Test SRv6 End.DT4 behavior.
-        """
+        """Test SRv6 End.DT4 behavior."""
         # create three interfaces (1 source, 2 destinations)
         # source interface is IPv6-only
         # destination interfaces are IPv4 only
@@ -1004,26 +1116,36 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         vrf_1 = 1
         ipt = VppIpTable(self, vrf_1)
         ipt.add_vpp_config()
-        self.setup_interfaces(ipv6=[True, False, False],
-                              ipv4=[False, True, True],
-                              ipv6_table_id=[0, 0, 0],
-                              ipv4_table_id=[0, 0, vrf_1])
+        self.setup_interfaces(
+            ipv6=[True, False, False],
+            ipv4=[False, True, True],
+            ipv6_table_id=[0, 0, 0],
+            ipv4_table_id=[0, 0, vrf_1],
+        )
 
         # configure FIB entries
         # 4.1.1.0/24 is reachable
         #     via pg1 in table 0 (global)
         #     and via pg2 in table vrf_1
-        route0 = VppIpRoute(self, "4.1.1.0", 24,
-                            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                          self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                          nh_table_id=0)],
-                            table_id=0)
+        route0 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "4.1.1.0",
+            24,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_ip4, self.pg1.sw_if_index, nh_table_id=0)],
+            table_id=0,
+        )
         route0.add_vpp_config()
-        route1 = VppIpRoute(self, "4.1.1.0", 24,
-                            [VppRoutePath(self.pg2.remote_ip4,
-                                          self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                                          nh_table_id=vrf_1)],
-                            table_id=vrf_1)
+        route1 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            "4.1.1.0",
+            24,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg2.remote_ip4, self.pg2.sw_if_index, nh_table_id=vrf_1
+                )
+            ],
+            table_id=vrf_1,
+        )
         route1.add_vpp_config()
         self.logger.debug(self.vapi.cli("show ip fib"))
 
@@ -1032,13 +1154,15 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         # fib_table: where the localsid is installed
         # sw_if_index: in T-variants of localsid: vrf table_id
         localsid = VppSRv6LocalSID(
-                        self, localsid='A3::C4',
-                        behavior=SRv6LocalSIDBehaviors.SR_BEHAVIOR_DT4,
-                        nh_addr=0,
-                        end_psp=0,
-                        sw_if_index=vrf_1,
-                        vlan_index=0,
-                        fib_table=0)
+            self,
+            localsid="A3::C4",
+            behavior=SRv6LocalSIDBehaviors.SR_BEHAVIOR_DT4,
+            nh_addr=0,
+            end_psp=0,
+            sw_if_index=vrf_1,
+            vlan_index=0,
+            fib_table=0,
+        )
         localsid.add_vpp_config()
         # log the localsids
         self.logger.debug(self.vapi.cli("show sr localsid"))
@@ -1046,31 +1170,37 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         # create IPv6 packets with SRH (SL=0)
         # send one packet per packet size
         count = len(self.pg_packet_sizes)
-        dst_inner = '4.1.1.123'  # inner header destination address
+        dst_inner = "4.1.1.123"  # inner header destination address
         pkts = []
 
         # packets with SRH, segments-left 0, active segment a3::c4
         packet_header = self.create_packet_header_IPv6_SRH_IPv4(
-                        dst_inner,
-                        sidlist=['a3::c4', 'a2::', 'a1::'],
-                        segleft=0)
+            dst_inner, sidlist=["a3::c4", "a2::", "a1::"], segleft=0
+        )
         # add to traffic stream pg0->pg1
-        pkts.extend(self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg2, packet_header,
-                                       self.pg_packet_sizes, count))
+        pkts.extend(
+            self.create_stream(
+                self.pg0, self.pg2, packet_header, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+            )
+        )
 
         # packets without SRH, IPv6 in IPv6
         # outer IPv6 dest addr is the localsid End.DX4
         packet_header = self.create_packet_header_IPv6_IPv4(
-                                            dst_inner,
-                                            dst_outer='a3::c4')
+            dst_inner, dst_outer="a3::c4"
+        )
         # add to traffic stream pg0->pg1
-        pkts.extend(self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg2, packet_header,
-                                       self.pg_packet_sizes, count))
+        pkts.extend(
+            self.create_stream(
+                self.pg0, self.pg2, packet_header, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+            )
+        )
 
         # send packets and verify received packets
         # using same comparison function as End.DX4
-        self.send_and_verify_pkts(self.pg0, pkts, self.pg2,
-                                  self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_DX4)
+        self.send_and_verify_pkts(
+            self.pg0, pkts, self.pg2, self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_DX4
+        )
 
         # assert nothing was received on the other interface (pg2)
         self.pg1.assert_nothing_captured(remark="mis-directed packet(s)")
@@ -1088,21 +1218,22 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         self.teardown_interfaces()
 
     def test_SRv6_End_DX2(self):
-        """ Test SRv6 End.DX2 behavior.
-        """
+        """Test SRv6 End.DX2 behavior."""
         # send traffic to one destination interface
         # source interface is IPv6 only
         self.setup_interfaces(ipv6=[True, False], ipv4=[False, False])
 
         # configure SRv6 localSID End.DX2 behavior
         localsid = VppSRv6LocalSID(
-                        self, localsid='A3::C4',
-                        behavior=SRv6LocalSIDBehaviors.SR_BEHAVIOR_DX2,
-                        nh_addr=0,
-                        end_psp=0,
-                        sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                        vlan_index=0,
-                        fib_table=0)
+            self,
+            localsid="A3::C4",
+            behavior=SRv6LocalSIDBehaviors.SR_BEHAVIOR_DX2,
+            nh_addr=0,
+            end_psp=0,
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+            vlan_index=0,
+            fib_table=0,
+        )
         localsid.add_vpp_config()
         # log the localsids
         self.logger.debug(self.vapi.cli("show sr localsid"))
@@ -1114,46 +1245,53 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         # packets with SRH, segments-left 0, active segment a3::c4
         # L2 has no dot1q header
         packet_header = self.create_packet_header_IPv6_SRH_L2(
-                            sidlist=['a3::c4', 'a2::', 'a1::'],
-                            segleft=0,
-                            vlan=0)
+            sidlist=["a3::c4", "a2::", "a1::"], segleft=0, vlan=0
+        )
         # add to traffic stream pg0->pg1
-        pkts.extend(self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header,
-                                       self.pg_packet_sizes, count))
+        pkts.extend(
+            self.create_stream(
+                self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+            )
+        )
 
         # packets with SRH, segments-left 0, active segment a3::c4
         # L2 has dot1q header
         packet_header = self.create_packet_header_IPv6_SRH_L2(
-                            sidlist=['a3::c4', 'a2::', 'a1::'],
-                            segleft=0,
-                            vlan=123)
+            sidlist=["a3::c4", "a2::", "a1::"], segleft=0, vlan=123
+        )
         # add to traffic stream pg0->pg1
-        pkts.extend(self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header,
-                                       self.pg_packet_sizes, count))
+        pkts.extend(
+            self.create_stream(
+                self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+            )
+        )
 
         # packets without SRH, L2 in IPv6
         # outer IPv6 dest addr is the localsid End.DX2
         # L2 has no dot1q header
-        packet_header = self.create_packet_header_IPv6_L2(
-                                            dst_outer='a3::c4',
-                                            vlan=0)
+        packet_header = self.create_packet_header_IPv6_L2(dst_outer="a3::c4", vlan=0)
         # add to traffic stream pg0->pg1
-        pkts.extend(self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header,
-                                       self.pg_packet_sizes, count))
+        pkts.extend(
+            self.create_stream(
+                self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+            )
+        )
 
         # packets without SRH, L2 in IPv6
         # outer IPv6 dest addr is the localsid End.DX2
         # L2 has dot1q header
-        packet_header = self.create_packet_header_IPv6_L2(
-                                            dst_outer='a3::c4',
-                                            vlan=123)
+        packet_header = self.create_packet_header_IPv6_L2(dst_outer="a3::c4", vlan=123)
         # add to traffic stream pg0->pg1
-        pkts.extend(self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header,
-                                       self.pg_packet_sizes, count))
+        pkts.extend(
+            self.create_stream(
+                self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+            )
+        )
 
         # send packets and verify received packets
-        self.send_and_verify_pkts(self.pg0, pkts, self.pg1,
-                                  self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_DX2)
+        self.send_and_verify_pkts(
+            self.pg0, pkts, self.pg1, self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_DX2
+        )
 
         # log the localsid counters
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show sr localsid"))
@@ -1166,18 +1304,17 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(0, "PC to fix")
     def test_SRv6_T_Insert_Classifier(self):
-        """ Test SRv6 Transit.Insert behavior (IPv6 only).
-            steer packets using the classifier
+        """Test SRv6 Transit.Insert behavior (IPv6 only).
+        steer packets using the classifier
         """
         # send traffic to one destination interface
         # source and destination are IPv6 only
         self.setup_interfaces(ipv6=[False, False, False, True, True])
 
         # configure FIB entries
-        route = VppIpRoute(self, "a4::", 64,
-                           [VppRoutePath(
-                               self.pg4.remote_ip6,
-                               self.pg4.sw_if_index)])
+        route = VppIpRoute(
+            self, "a4::", 64, [VppRoutePath(self.pg4.remote_ip6, self.pg4.sw_if_index)]
+        )
         route.add_vpp_config()
 
         # configure encaps IPv6 source address
@@ -1185,16 +1322,19 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         # TODO: API?
         self.vapi.cli("set sr encaps source addr a3::")
 
-        bsid = 'a3::9999:1'
+        bsid = "a3::9999:1"
         # configure SRv6 Policy
         # Note: segment list order: first -> last
         sr_policy = VppSRv6Policy(
-            self, bsid=bsid,
+            self,
+            bsid=bsid,
             is_encap=0,
             sr_type=SRv6PolicyType.SR_POLICY_TYPE_DEFAULT,
-            weight=1, fib_table=0,
-            segments=['a4::', 'a5::', 'a6::c7'],
-            source='a3::')
+            weight=1,
+            fib_table=0,
+            segments=["a4::", "a5::", "a6::c7"],
+            source="a3::",
+        )
         sr_policy.add_vpp_config()
         self.sr_policy = sr_policy
 
@@ -1203,75 +1343,79 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
 
         # add classify table
         # mask on dst ip address prefix a7::/8
-        mask = '{!s:0<16}'.format('ff')
+        mask = "{!s:0<16}".format("ff")
         r = self.vapi.classify_add_del_table(
             1,
             binascii.unhexlify(mask),
             match_n_vectors=(len(mask) - 1) // 32 + 1,
             current_data_flag=1,
-            skip_n_vectors=2)  # data offset
-        self.assertIsNotNone(r, 'No response msg for add_del_table')
+            skip_n_vectors=2,
+        )  # data offset
+        self.assertIsNotNone(r, "No response msg for add_del_table")
         table_index = r.new_table_index
 
         # add the source routing node as a ip6 inacl netxt node
-        r = self.vapi.add_node_next('ip6-inacl',
-                                    'sr-pl-rewrite-insert')
+        r = self.vapi.add_node_next("ip6-inacl", "sr-pl-rewrite-insert")
         inacl_next_node_index = r.node_index
 
-        match = '{!s:0<16}'.format('a7')
+        match = "{!s:0<16}".format("a7")
         r = self.vapi.classify_add_del_session(
             1,
             table_index,
             binascii.unhexlify(match),
             hit_next_index=inacl_next_node_index,
             action=3,
-            metadata=0)  # sr policy index
-        self.assertIsNotNone(r, 'No response msg for add_del_session')
+            metadata=0,
+        )  # sr policy index
+        self.assertIsNotNone(r, "No response msg for add_del_session")
 
         # log the classify table used in the steering policy
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show classify table"))
 
         r = self.vapi.input_acl_set_interface(
-            is_add=1,
-            sw_if_index=self.pg3.sw_if_index,
-            ip6_table_index=table_index)
-        self.assertIsNotNone(r,
-                             'No response msg for input_acl_set_interface')
+            is_add=1, sw_if_index=self.pg3.sw_if_index, ip6_table_index=table_index
+        )
+        self.assertIsNotNone(r, "No response msg for input_acl_set_interface")
 
         # log the ip6 inacl
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show inacl type ip6"))
 
         # create packets
         count = len(self.pg_packet_sizes)
-        dst_inner = 'a7::1234'
+        dst_inner = "a7::1234"
         pkts = []
 
         # create IPv6 packets without SRH
         packet_header = self.create_packet_header_IPv6(dst_inner)
         # create traffic stream pg3->pg4
-        pkts.extend(self.create_stream(self.pg3, self.pg4, packet_header,
-                                       self.pg_packet_sizes, count))
+        pkts.extend(
+            self.create_stream(
+                self.pg3, self.pg4, packet_header, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+            )
+        )
 
         # create IPv6 packets with SRH
         # packets with segments-left 1, active segment a7::
         packet_header = self.create_packet_header_IPv6_SRH(
-            sidlist=['a8::', 'a7::', 'a6::'],
-            segleft=1)
+            sidlist=["a8::", "a7::", "a6::"], segleft=1
+        )
         # create traffic stream pg3->pg4
-        pkts.extend(self.create_stream(self.pg3, self.pg4, packet_header,
-                                       self.pg_packet_sizes, count))
+        pkts.extend(
+            self.create_stream(
+                self.pg3, self.pg4, packet_header, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+            )
+        )
 
         # send packets and verify received packets
-        self.send_and_verify_pkts(self.pg3, pkts, self.pg4,
-                                  self.compare_rx_tx_packet_T_Insert)
+        self.send_and_verify_pkts(
+            self.pg3, pkts, self.pg4, self.compare_rx_tx_packet_T_Insert
+        )
 
         # remove the interface l2 input feature
         r = self.vapi.input_acl_set_interface(
-            is_add=0,
-            sw_if_index=self.pg3.sw_if_index,
-            ip6_table_index=table_index)
-        self.assertIsNotNone(r,
-                             'No response msg for input_acl_set_interface')
+            is_add=0, sw_if_index=self.pg3.sw_if_index, ip6_table_index=table_index
+        )
+        self.assertIsNotNone(r, "No response msg for input_acl_set_interface")
 
         # log the ip6 inacl after cleaning
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show inacl type ip6"))
@@ -1289,16 +1433,14 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
 
         # remove classify session and table
         r = self.vapi.classify_add_del_session(
-            0,
-            table_index,
-            binascii.unhexlify(match))
-        self.assertIsNotNone(r, 'No response msg for add_del_session')
+            0, table_index, binascii.unhexlify(match)
+        )
+        self.assertIsNotNone(r, "No response msg for add_del_session")
 
         r = self.vapi.classify_add_del_table(
-            0,
-            binascii.unhexlify(mask),
-            table_index=table_index)
-        self.assertIsNotNone(r, 'No response msg for add_del_table')
+            0, binascii.unhexlify(mask), table_index=table_index
+        )
+        self.assertIsNotNone(r, "No response msg for add_del_table")
 
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show classify table"))
 
@@ -1309,7 +1451,7 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         self.teardown_interfaces()
 
     def compare_rx_tx_packet_T_Encaps(self, tx_pkt, rx_pkt):
-        """ Compare input and output packet after passing T.Encaps
+        """Compare input and output packet after passing T.Encaps
 
         :param tx_pkt: transmitted packet
         :param rx_pkt: received packet
@@ -1350,7 +1492,7 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         # rx'ed seglist should be equal to expected seglist
         self.assertEqual(rx_srh.addresses, tx_seglist)
         # segleft should be equal to size expected seglist-1
-        self.assertEqual(rx_srh.segleft, len(tx_seglist)-1)
+        self.assertEqual(rx_srh.segleft, len(tx_seglist) - 1)
         # segleft should be equal to lastentry
         self.assertEqual(rx_srh.segleft, rx_srh.lastentry)
 
@@ -1364,7 +1506,7 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.debug("packet verification: SUCCESS")
 
     def compare_rx_tx_packet_T_Encaps_IPv4(self, tx_pkt, rx_pkt):
-        """ Compare input and output packet after passing T.Encaps for IPv4
+        """Compare input and output packet after passing T.Encaps for IPv4
 
         :param tx_pkt: transmitted packet
         :param rx_pkt: received packet
@@ -1404,7 +1546,7 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         # rx'ed seglist should be equal to seglist
         self.assertEqual(rx_srh.addresses, tx_seglist)
         # segleft should be equal to size seglist-1
-        self.assertEqual(rx_srh.segleft, len(tx_seglist)-1)
+        self.assertEqual(rx_srh.segleft, len(tx_seglist) - 1)
         # segleft should be equal to lastentry
         self.assertEqual(rx_srh.segleft, rx_srh.lastentry)
 
@@ -1423,7 +1565,7 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.debug("packet verification: SUCCESS")
 
     def compare_rx_tx_packet_T_Encaps_L2(self, tx_pkt, rx_pkt):
-        """ Compare input and output packet after passing T.Encaps for L2
+        """Compare input and output packet after passing T.Encaps for L2
 
         :param tx_pkt: transmitted packet
         :param rx_pkt: received packet
@@ -1461,7 +1603,7 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         # rx'ed seglist should be equal to seglist
         self.assertEqual(rx_srh.addresses, tx_seglist)
         # segleft should be equal to size seglist-1
-        self.assertEqual(rx_srh.segleft, len(tx_seglist)-1)
+        self.assertEqual(rx_srh.segleft, len(tx_seglist) - 1)
         # segleft should be equal to lastentry
         self.assertEqual(rx_srh.segleft, rx_srh.lastentry)
         # nh should be "No Next Header" (143)
@@ -1473,7 +1615,7 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.debug("packet verification: SUCCESS")
 
     def compare_rx_tx_packet_T_Insert(self, tx_pkt, rx_pkt):
-        """ Compare input and output packet after passing T.Insert
+        """Compare input and output packet after passing T.Insert
 
         :param tx_pkt: transmitted packet
         :param rx_pkt: received packet
@@ -1529,7 +1671,7 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         # rx'ed seglist should be equal to expected seglist
         self.assertEqual(rx_srh.addresses, tx_seglist)
         # segleft should be equal to size(expected seglist)-1
-        self.assertEqual(rx_srh.segleft, len(tx_seglist)-1)
+        self.assertEqual(rx_srh.segleft, len(tx_seglist) - 1)
         # segleft should be equal to lastentry
         self.assertEqual(rx_srh.segleft, rx_srh.lastentry)
 
@@ -1556,7 +1698,7 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.debug("packet verification: SUCCESS")
 
     def compare_rx_tx_packet_End(self, tx_pkt, rx_pkt):
-        """ Compare input and output packet after passing End (without PSP)
+        """Compare input and output packet after passing End (without PSP)
 
         :param tx_pkt: transmitted packet
         :param rx_pkt: received packet
@@ -1596,7 +1738,7 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
             # sidlist should be unchanged
             self.assertEqual(rx_srh.addresses, tx_srh.addresses)
             # segleft should have been decremented
-            self.assertEqual(rx_srh.segleft, tx_srh.segleft-1)
+            self.assertEqual(rx_srh.segleft, tx_srh.segleft - 1)
             # received ip.dst should be equal to sidlist[segleft]
             self.assertEqual(rx_ip.dst, rx_srh.addresses[rx_srh.segleft])
             # lastentry should be unchanged
@@ -1605,7 +1747,7 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(rx_ip2.src, tx_ip2.src)
             self.assertEqual(rx_ip2.dst, tx_ip2.dst)
         # else:  # tx_ip.segleft == 0
-            # TODO: Does this work with 2 SRHs in ingress packet?
+        # TODO: Does this work with 2 SRHs in ingress packet?
 
         # UDP layer should be unchanged
         self.assertEqual(rx_udp, tx_udp)
@@ -1613,7 +1755,7 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.debug("packet verification: SUCCESS")
 
     def compare_rx_tx_packet_End_PSP(self, tx_pkt, rx_pkt):
-        """ Compare input and output packet after passing End with PSP
+        """Compare input and output packet after passing End with PSP
 
         :param tx_pkt: transmitted packet
         :param rx_pkt: received packet
@@ -1658,7 +1800,7 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
             # sidlist should be unchanged
             self.assertEqual(rx_srh.addresses, tx_srh.addresses)
             # segleft should have been decremented
-            self.assertEqual(rx_srh.segleft, tx_srh.segleft-1)
+            self.assertEqual(rx_srh.segleft, tx_srh.segleft - 1)
             # received ip.dst should be equal to sidlist[segleft]
             self.assertEqual(rx_ip.dst, rx_srh.addresses[rx_srh.segleft])
             # lastentry should be unchanged
@@ -1674,7 +1816,7 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
             # outer IPv6 header ip.src should be equal to tx'ed ip.src
             self.assertEqual(rx_ip.src, tx_ip.src)
             # outer IPv6 header ip.dst should be = to tx'ed sidlist[segleft-1]
-            self.assertEqual(rx_ip.dst, tx_srh.addresses[tx_srh.segleft-1])
+            self.assertEqual(rx_ip.dst, tx_srh.addresses[tx_srh.segleft - 1])
 
         # UDP layer should be unchanged
         self.assertEqual(rx_udp, tx_udp)
@@ -1682,7 +1824,7 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.debug("packet verification: SUCCESS")
 
     def compare_rx_tx_packet_End_DX6(self, tx_pkt, rx_pkt):
-        """ Compare input and output packet after passing End.DX6
+        """Compare input and output packet after passing End.DX6
 
         :param tx_pkt: transmitted packet
         :param rx_pkt: received packet
@@ -1714,7 +1856,7 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.debug("packet verification: SUCCESS")
 
     def compare_rx_tx_packet_End_DX4(self, tx_pkt, rx_pkt):
-        """ Compare input and output packet after passing End.DX4
+        """Compare input and output packet after passing End.DX4
 
         :param tx_pkt: transmitted packet
         :param rx_pkt: received packet
@@ -1751,7 +1893,7 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.debug("packet verification: SUCCESS")
 
     def compare_rx_tx_packet_End_DX2(self, tx_pkt, rx_pkt):
-        """ Compare input and output packet after passing End.DX2
+        """Compare input and output packet after passing End.DX2
 
         :param tx_pkt: transmitted packet
         :param rx_pkt: received packet
@@ -1780,8 +1922,7 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
 
         self.logger.debug("packet verification: SUCCESS")
 
-    def create_stream(self, src_if, dst_if, packet_header, packet_sizes,
-                      count):
+    def create_stream(self, src_if, dst_if, packet_header, packet_sizes, count):
         """Create SRv6 input packet stream for defined interface.
 
         :param VppInterface src_if: Interface to create packet stream for
@@ -1796,19 +1937,19 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         """
         self.logger.info("Creating packets")
         pkts = []
-        for i in range(0, count-1):
+        for i in range(0, count - 1):
             payload_info = self.create_packet_info(src_if, dst_if)
-            self.logger.debug(
-                "Creating packet with index %d" % (payload_info.index))
+            self.logger.debug("Creating packet with index %d" % (payload_info.index))
             payload = self.info_to_payload(payload_info)
             # add L2 header if not yet provided in packet_header
-            if packet_header.getlayer(0).name == 'Ethernet':
-                p = (packet_header /
-                     Raw(payload))
+            if packet_header.getlayer(0).name == "Ethernet":
+                p = packet_header / Raw(payload)
             else:
-                p = (Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac) /
-                     packet_header /
-                     Raw(payload))
+                p = (
+                    Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac)
+                    / packet_header
+                    / Raw(payload)
+                )
             size = packet_sizes[i % len(packet_sizes)]
             self.logger.debug("Packet size %d" % (size))
             self.extend_packet(p, size)
@@ -1823,8 +1964,9 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.info("Done creating packets")
         return pkts
 
-    def send_and_verify_pkts(self, input, pkts, output, compare_func,
-                             expected_count=None):
+    def send_and_verify_pkts(
+        self, input, pkts, output, compare_func, expected_count=None
+    ):
         """Send packets and verify received packets using compare_func
 
         :param input: ingress interface of DUT
@@ -1863,8 +2005,7 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         UDP source port and destination port are 1234
         """
 
-        p = (IPv6(src='1234::1', dst=dst) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234))
+        p = IPv6(src="1234::1", dst=dst) / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
         return p
 
     def create_packet_header_IPv6_SRH(self, sidlist, segleft):
@@ -1878,9 +2019,11 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         UDP source port and destination port are 1234
         """
 
-        p = (IPv6(src='1234::1', dst=sidlist[segleft]) /
-             IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting(addresses=sidlist) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234))
+        p = (
+            IPv6(src="1234::1", dst=sidlist[segleft])
+            / IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting(addresses=sidlist)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+        )
         return p
 
     def create_packet_header_IPv6_SRH_IPv6(self, dst, sidlist, segleft):
@@ -1896,11 +2039,12 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         UDP source port and destination port are 1234
         """
 
-        p = (IPv6(src='1234::1', dst=sidlist[segleft]) /
-             IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting(addresses=sidlist,
-                                      segleft=segleft, nh=41) /
-             IPv6(src='4321::1', dst=dst) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234))
+        p = (
+            IPv6(src="1234::1", dst=sidlist[segleft])
+            / IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting(addresses=sidlist, segleft=segleft, nh=41)
+            / IPv6(src="4321::1", dst=dst)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+        )
         return p
 
     def create_packet_header_IPv6_IPv6(self, dst_inner, dst_outer):
@@ -1914,13 +2058,16 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         UDP source port and destination port are 1234
         """
 
-        p = (IPv6(src='1234::1', dst=dst_outer) /
-             IPv6(src='4321::1', dst=dst_inner) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234))
+        p = (
+            IPv6(src="1234::1", dst=dst_outer)
+            / IPv6(src="4321::1", dst=dst_inner)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+        )
         return p
 
-    def create_packet_header_IPv6_SRH_SRH_IPv6(self, dst, sidlist1, segleft1,
-                                               sidlist2, segleft2):
+    def create_packet_header_IPv6_SRH_SRH_IPv6(
+        self, dst, sidlist1, segleft1, sidlist2, segleft2
+    ):
         """Create packet header: IPv6 encapsulated in SRv6 with 2 SRH:
         IPv6 header with SRH, 2nd SRH, IPv6 header, UDP header
 
@@ -1935,13 +2082,13 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         UDP source port and destination port are 1234
         """
 
-        p = (IPv6(src='1234::1', dst=sidlist1[segleft1]) /
-             IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting(addresses=sidlist1,
-                                      segleft=segleft1, nh=43) /
-             IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting(addresses=sidlist2,
-                                      segleft=segleft2, nh=41) /
-             IPv6(src='4321::1', dst=dst) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234))
+        p = (
+            IPv6(src="1234::1", dst=sidlist1[segleft1])
+            / IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting(addresses=sidlist1, segleft=segleft1, nh=43)
+            / IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting(addresses=sidlist2, segleft=segleft2, nh=41)
+            / IPv6(src="4321::1", dst=dst)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+        )
         return p
 
     def create_packet_header_IPv4(self, dst):
@@ -1953,8 +2100,7 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         UDP source port and destination port are 1234
         """
 
-        p = (IP(src='123.1.1.1', dst=dst) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234))
+        p = IP(src="123.1.1.1", dst=dst) / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
         return p
 
     def create_packet_header_IPv6_IPv4(self, dst_inner, dst_outer):
@@ -1969,9 +2115,11 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         UDP source port and destination port are 1234
         """
 
-        p = (IPv6(src='1234::1', dst=dst_outer) /
-             IP(src='123.1.1.1', dst=dst_inner) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234))
+        p = (
+            IPv6(src="1234::1", dst=dst_outer)
+            / IP(src="123.1.1.1", dst=dst_inner)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+        )
         return p
 
     def create_packet_header_IPv6_SRH_IPv4(self, dst, sidlist, segleft):
@@ -1988,11 +2136,12 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         UDP source port and destination port are 1234
         """
 
-        p = (IPv6(src='1234::1', dst=sidlist[segleft]) /
-             IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting(addresses=sidlist,
-                                      segleft=segleft, nh=4) /
-             IP(src='123.1.1.1', dst=dst) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234))
+        p = (
+            IPv6(src="1234::1", dst=sidlist[segleft])
+            / IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting(addresses=sidlist, segleft=segleft, nh=4)
+            / IP(src="123.1.1.1", dst=dst)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+        )
         return p
 
     def create_packet_header_L2(self, vlan=0):
@@ -2003,7 +2152,7 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         # Note: the dst addr ('00:55:44:33:22:11') is used in
         # the compare function compare_rx_tx_packet_T_Encaps_L2
         # to detect presence of L2 in SRH payload
-        p = Ether(src='00:11:22:33:44:55', dst='00:55:44:33:22:11')
+        p = Ether(src="00:11:22:33:44:55", dst="00:55:44:33:22:11")
         etype = 0x8137  # IPX
         if vlan:
             # add 802.1q layer
@@ -2023,7 +2172,7 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         Outer IPv6 destination address is set to sidlist[segleft]
         IPv6 source address is 1234::1
         """
-        eth = Ether(src='00:11:22:33:44:55', dst='00:55:44:33:22:11')
+        eth = Ether(src="00:11:22:33:44:55", dst="00:55:44:33:22:11")
         etype = 0x8137  # IPX
         if vlan:
             # add 802.1q layer
@@ -2031,10 +2180,11 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         else:
             eth.type = etype
 
-        p = (IPv6(src='1234::1', dst=sidlist[segleft]) /
-             IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting(addresses=sidlist,
-                                      segleft=segleft, nh=143) /
-             eth)
+        p = (
+            IPv6(src="1234::1", dst=sidlist[segleft])
+            / IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting(addresses=sidlist, segleft=segleft, nh=143)
+            / eth
+        )
         return p
 
     def create_packet_header_IPv6_L2(self, dst_outer, vlan=0):
@@ -2044,7 +2194,7 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         :param ipv6address dst_outer: outer IPv6 destination address
         :param vlan: L2 vlan; if vlan!=0 then add 802.1q header
         """
-        eth = Ether(src='00:11:22:33:44:55', dst='00:55:44:33:22:11')
+        eth = Ether(src="00:11:22:33:44:55", dst="00:55:44:33:22:11")
         etype = 0x8137  # IPX
         if vlan:
             # add 802.1q layer
@@ -2052,12 +2202,11 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         else:
             eth.type = etype
 
-        p = (IPv6(src='1234::1', dst=dst_outer, nh=143) / eth)
+        p = IPv6(src="1234::1", dst=dst_outer, nh=143) / eth
         return p
 
     def get_payload_info(self, packet):
-        """ Extract the payload_info from the packet
-        """
+        """Extract the payload_info from the packet"""
         # in most cases, payload_info is in packet[Raw]
         # but packet[Raw] gives the complete payload
         # (incl L2 header) for the T.Encaps L2 case
@@ -2068,8 +2217,7 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
             # remote L2 header from packet[Raw]:
             # take packet[Raw], convert it to an Ether layer
             # and then extract Raw from it
-            payload_info = self.payload_to_info(
-                Ether(scapy.compat.r(packet[Raw]))[Raw])
+            payload_info = self.payload_to_info(Ether(scapy.compat.r(packet[Raw]))[Raw])
 
         return payload_info
 
@@ -2082,8 +2230,10 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         :param capture: captured packets
         :param compare_func: function to compare in and out packet
         """
-        self.logger.info("Verifying capture on interface %s using function %s"
-                         % (dst_if.name, compare_func.__name__))
+        self.logger.info(
+            "Verifying capture on interface %s using function %s"
+            % (dst_if.name, compare_func.__name__)
+        )
 
         last_info = dict()
         for i in self.pg_interfaces:
@@ -2096,19 +2246,19 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
                 payload_info = self.get_payload_info(packet)
                 packet_index = payload_info.index
 
-                self.logger.debug("Verifying packet with index %d"
-                                  % (packet_index))
+                self.logger.debug("Verifying packet with index %d" % (packet_index))
                 # packet should have arrived on the expected interface
                 self.assertEqual(payload_info.dst, dst_sw_if_index)
                 self.logger.debug(
-                    "Got packet on interface %s: src=%u (idx=%u)" %
-                    (dst_if.name, payload_info.src, packet_index))
+                    "Got packet on interface %s: src=%u (idx=%u)"
+                    % (dst_if.name, payload_info.src, packet_index)
+                )
 
                 # search for payload_info with same src and dst if_index
                 # this will give us the transmitted packet
                 next_info = self.get_next_packet_info_for_interface2(
-                    payload_info.src, dst_sw_if_index,
-                    last_info[payload_info.src])
+                    payload_info.src, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[payload_info.src]
+                )
                 last_info[payload_info.src] = next_info
                 # next_info should not be None
                 self.assertTrue(next_info is not None)
@@ -2117,8 +2267,9 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
                 # data field of next_info contains the tx packet
                 txed_packet = next_info.data
 
-                self.logger.debug(ppp("Transmitted packet:",
-                                      txed_packet))  # ppp=Pretty Print Packet
+                self.logger.debug(
+                    ppp("Transmitted packet:", txed_packet)
+                )  # ppp=Pretty Print Packet
 
                 self.logger.debug(ppp("Received packet:", packet))
 
@@ -2143,5 +2294,5 @@ class TestSRv6(VppTestCase):
         #                    "didn't arrive" % (dst_if.name, i.name))
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_srv6_ad.py b/test/test_srv6_ad.py
index dad7c186a93..88c0b1d8074 100644
--- a/test/test_srv6_ad.py
+++ b/test/test_srv6_ad.py
@@ -7,8 +7,14 @@ from socket import AF_INET6
 from framework import VppTestCase, VppTestRunner
 from vpp_ip import DpoProto
 from vpp_ip_route import VppIpRoute, VppRoutePath, VppIpTable
-from vpp_srv6 import SRv6LocalSIDBehaviors, VppSRv6LocalSID, VppSRv6Policy, \
-    SRv6PolicyType, VppSRv6Steering, SRv6PolicySteeringTypes
+from vpp_srv6 import (
+    SRv6LocalSIDBehaviors,
+    VppSRv6LocalSID,
+    VppSRv6Policy,
+    SRv6PolicyType,
+    VppSRv6Steering,
+    SRv6PolicySteeringTypes,
+)
 
 import scapy.compat
 from scapy.packet import Raw
@@ -20,7 +26,7 @@ from util import ppp
 
 
 class TestSRv6Ad(VppTestCase):
-    """ SRv6 Dynamic Proxy plugin Test Case """
+    """SRv6 Dynamic Proxy plugin Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(self):
@@ -31,8 +37,7 @@ class TestSRv6Ad(VppTestCase):
         super(TestSRv6Ad, cls).tearDownClass()
 
     def setUp(self):
-        """ Perform test setup before each test case.
-        """
+        """Perform test setup before each test case."""
         super(TestSRv6Ad, self).setUp()
 
         # packet sizes, inclusive L2 overhead
@@ -42,17 +47,15 @@ class TestSRv6Ad(VppTestCase):
         self.reset_packet_infos()
 
     def tearDown(self):
-        """ Clean up test setup after each test case.
-        """
+        """Clean up test setup after each test case."""
         self.teardown_interfaces()
 
         super(TestSRv6Ad, self).tearDown()
 
-    def configure_interface(self,
-                            interface,
-                            ipv6=False, ipv4=False,
-                            ipv6_table_id=0, ipv4_table_id=0):
-        """ Configure interface.
+    def configure_interface(
+        self, interface, ipv6=False, ipv4=False, ipv6_table_id=0, ipv4_table_id=0
+    ):
+        """Configure interface.
         :param ipv6: configure IPv6 on interface
         :param ipv4: configure IPv4 on interface
         :param ipv6_table_id: FIB table_id for IPv6
@@ -71,9 +74,8 @@ class TestSRv6Ad(VppTestCase):
             interface.resolve_arp()
         interface.admin_up()
 
-    def setup_interfaces(self, ipv6=[], ipv4=[],
-                         ipv6_table_id=[], ipv4_table_id=[]):
-        """ Create and configure interfaces.
+    def setup_interfaces(self, ipv6=[], ipv4=[], ipv6_table_id=[], ipv4_table_id=[]):
+        """Create and configure interfaces.
 
         :param ipv6: list of interface IPv6 capabilities
         :param ipv4: list of interface IPv4 capabilities
@@ -108,9 +110,9 @@ class TestSRv6Ad(VppTestCase):
         # setup all interfaces
         for i in range(count):
             intf = self.pg_interfaces[i]
-            self.configure_interface(intf,
-                                     ipv6[i], ipv4[i],
-                                     ipv6_table_id[i], ipv4_table_id[i])
+            self.configure_interface(
+                intf, ipv6[i], ipv4[i], ipv6_table_id[i], ipv4_table_id[i]
+            )
 
         if any(ipv6):
             self.logger.debug(self.vapi.cli("show ip6 neighbors"))
@@ -122,8 +124,7 @@ class TestSRv6Ad(VppTestCase):
         return self.pg_interfaces
 
     def teardown_interfaces(self):
-        """ Unconfigure and bring down interface.
-        """
+        """Unconfigure and bring down interface."""
         self.logger.debug("Tearing down interfaces")
         # tear down all interfaces
         # AFAIK they cannot be deleted
@@ -135,10 +136,9 @@ class TestSRv6Ad(VppTestCase):
             i.set_table_ip6(0)
 
     def test_SRv6_End_AD_IPv6(self):
-        """ Test SRv6 End.AD behavior with IPv6 traffic.
-        """
-        self.src_addr = 'a0::'
-        self.sid_list = ['a1::', 'a2::a6', 'a3::']
+        """Test SRv6 End.AD behavior with IPv6 traffic."""
+        self.src_addr = "a0::"
+        self.sid_list = ["a1::", "a2::a6", "a3::"]
         self.test_sid_index = 1
 
         # send traffic to one destination interface
@@ -146,19 +146,32 @@ class TestSRv6Ad(VppTestCase):
         self.setup_interfaces(ipv6=[True, True])
 
         # configure route to next segment
-        route = VppIpRoute(self, self.sid_list[self.test_sid_index + 1], 128,
-                           [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                                         self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                         proto=DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_IP6)])
+        route = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            self.sid_list[self.test_sid_index + 1],
+            128,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.remote_ip6,
+                    self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+                    proto=DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_IP6,
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route.add_vpp_config()
 
         # configure SRv6 localSID behavior
-        cli_str = "sr localsid address " + \
-                  self.sid_list[self.test_sid_index] + \
-                  " behavior end.ad" + \
-                  " nh " + self.pg1.remote_ip6 + \
-                  " oif " + self.pg1.name + \
-                  " iif " + self.pg1.name
+        cli_str = (
+            "sr localsid address "
+            + self.sid_list[self.test_sid_index]
+            + " behavior end.ad"
+            + " nh "
+            + self.pg1.remote_ip6
+            + " oif "
+            + self.pg1.name
+            + " iif "
+            + self.pg1.name
+        )
         self.vapi.cli(cli_str)
 
         # log the localsids
@@ -171,15 +184,18 @@ class TestSRv6Ad(VppTestCase):
         packet_header1 = self.create_packet_header_IPv6_SRH_IPv6(
             srcaddr=self.src_addr,
             sidlist=self.sid_list[::-1],
-            segleft=len(self.sid_list) - self.test_sid_index - 1)
+            segleft=len(self.sid_list) - self.test_sid_index - 1,
+        )
 
         # generate packets (pg0->pg1)
-        pkts1 = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header1,
-                                   self.pg_packet_sizes, count)
+        pkts1 = self.create_stream(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header1, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+        )
 
         # send packets and verify received packets
-        self.send_and_verify_pkts(self.pg0, pkts1, self.pg1,
-                                  self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AD_IPv6_out)
+        self.send_and_verify_pkts(
+            self.pg0, pkts1, self.pg1, self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AD_IPv6_out
+        )
 
         # log the localsid counters
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show sr localsid"))
@@ -188,26 +204,27 @@ class TestSRv6Ad(VppTestCase):
         packet_header2 = self.create_packet_header_IPv6()
 
         # generate returning packets (pg1->pg0)
-        pkts2 = self.create_stream(self.pg1, self.pg0, packet_header2,
-                                   self.pg_packet_sizes, count)
+        pkts2 = self.create_stream(
+            self.pg1, self.pg0, packet_header2, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+        )
 
         # send packets and verify received packets
-        self.send_and_verify_pkts(self.pg1, pkts2, self.pg0,
-                                  self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AD_IPv6_in)
+        self.send_and_verify_pkts(
+            self.pg1, pkts2, self.pg0, self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AD_IPv6_in
+        )
 
         # log the localsid counters
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show sr localsid"))
 
         # remove SRv6 localSIDs
-        cli_str = "sr localsid del address " + \
-                  self.sid_list[self.test_sid_index]
+        cli_str = "sr localsid del address " + self.sid_list[self.test_sid_index]
         self.vapi.cli(cli_str)
 
         # cleanup interfaces
         self.teardown_interfaces()
 
     def compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AD_IPv6_out(self, tx_pkt, rx_pkt):
-        """ Compare input and output packet after passing End.AD with IPv6
+        """Compare input and output packet after passing End.AD with IPv6
 
         :param tx_pkt: transmitted packet
         :param rx_pkt: received packet
@@ -232,7 +249,7 @@ class TestSRv6Ad(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.debug("packet verification: SUCCESS")
 
     def compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AD_IPv6_in(self, tx_pkt, rx_pkt):
-        """ Compare input and output packet after passing End.AD
+        """Compare input and output packet after passing End.AD
 
         :param tx_pkt: transmitted packet
         :param rx_pkt: received packet
@@ -253,8 +270,7 @@ class TestSRv6Ad(VppTestCase):
         # rx'ed seglist should be equal to SID-list in reversed order
         self.assertEqual(rx_srh.addresses, self.sid_list[::-1])
         # segleft should be equal to previous segleft value minus 1
-        self.assertEqual(rx_srh.segleft,
-                         len(self.sid_list) - self.test_sid_index - 2)
+        self.assertEqual(rx_srh.segleft, len(self.sid_list) - self.test_sid_index - 2)
         # lastentry should be equal to the SID-list length minus 1
         self.assertEqual(rx_srh.lastentry, len(self.sid_list) - 1)
 
@@ -269,10 +285,9 @@ class TestSRv6Ad(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.debug("packet verification: SUCCESS")
 
     def test_SRv6_End_AD_IPv4(self):
-        """ Test SRv6 End.AD behavior with IPv4 traffic.
-        """
-        self.src_addr = 'a0::'
-        self.sid_list = ['a1::', 'a2::a4', 'a3::']
+        """Test SRv6 End.AD behavior with IPv4 traffic."""
+        self.src_addr = "a0::"
+        self.sid_list = ["a1::", "a2::a4", "a3::"]
         self.test_sid_index = 1
 
         # send traffic to one destination interface
@@ -280,19 +295,32 @@ class TestSRv6Ad(VppTestCase):
         self.setup_interfaces(ipv6=[True, False], ipv4=[False, True])
 
         # configure route to next segment
-        route = VppIpRoute(self, self.sid_list[self.test_sid_index + 1], 128,
-                           [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                                         self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                         proto=DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_IP6)])
+        route = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            self.sid_list[self.test_sid_index + 1],
+            128,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.remote_ip6,
+                    self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+                    proto=DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_IP6,
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route.add_vpp_config()
 
         # configure SRv6 localSID behavior
-        cli_str = "sr localsid address " + \
-                  self.sid_list[self.test_sid_index] + \
-                  " behavior end.ad" + \
-                  " nh " + self.pg1.remote_ip4 + \
-                  " oif " + self.pg1.name + \
-                  " iif " + self.pg1.name
+        cli_str = (
+            "sr localsid address "
+            + self.sid_list[self.test_sid_index]
+            + " behavior end.ad"
+            + " nh "
+            + self.pg1.remote_ip4
+            + " oif "
+            + self.pg1.name
+            + " iif "
+            + self.pg1.name
+        )
         self.vapi.cli(cli_str)
 
         # log the localsids
@@ -305,15 +333,18 @@ class TestSRv6Ad(VppTestCase):
         packet_header1 = self.create_packet_header_IPv6_SRH_IPv4(
             srcaddr=self.src_addr,
             sidlist=self.sid_list[::-1],
-            segleft=len(self.sid_list) - self.test_sid_index - 1)
+            segleft=len(self.sid_list) - self.test_sid_index - 1,
+        )
 
         # generate packets (pg0->pg1)
-        pkts1 = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header1,
-                                   self.pg_packet_sizes, count)
+        pkts1 = self.create_stream(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header1, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+        )
 
         # send packets and verify received packets
-        self.send_and_verify_pkts(self.pg0, pkts1, self.pg1,
-                                  self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AD_IPv4_out)
+        self.send_and_verify_pkts(
+            self.pg0, pkts1, self.pg1, self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AD_IPv4_out
+        )
 
         # log the localsid counters
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show sr localsid"))
@@ -322,26 +353,27 @@ class TestSRv6Ad(VppTestCase):
         packet_header2 = self.create_packet_header_IPv4()
 
         # generate returning packets (pg1->pg0)
-        pkts2 = self.create_stream(self.pg1, self.pg0, packet_header2,
-                                   self.pg_packet_sizes, count)
+        pkts2 = self.create_stream(
+            self.pg1, self.pg0, packet_header2, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+        )
 
         # send packets and verify received packets
-        self.send_and_verify_pkts(self.pg1, pkts2, self.pg0,
-                                  self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AD_IPv4_in)
+        self.send_and_verify_pkts(
+            self.pg1, pkts2, self.pg0, self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AD_IPv4_in
+        )
 
         # log the localsid counters
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show sr localsid"))
 
         # remove SRv6 localSIDs
-        cli_str = "sr localsid del address " + \
-                  self.sid_list[self.test_sid_index]
+        cli_str = "sr localsid del address " + self.sid_list[self.test_sid_index]
         self.vapi.cli(cli_str)
 
         # cleanup interfaces
         self.teardown_interfaces()
 
     def compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AD_IPv4_out(self, tx_pkt, rx_pkt):
-        """ Compare input and output packet after passing End.AD with IPv4
+        """Compare input and output packet after passing End.AD with IPv4
 
         :param tx_pkt: transmitted packet
         :param rx_pkt: received packet
@@ -371,7 +403,7 @@ class TestSRv6Ad(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.debug("packet verification: SUCCESS")
 
     def compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AD_IPv4_in(self, tx_pkt, rx_pkt):
-        """ Compare input and output packet after passing End.AD
+        """Compare input and output packet after passing End.AD
 
         :param tx_pkt: transmitted packet
         :param rx_pkt: received packet
@@ -392,8 +424,7 @@ class TestSRv6Ad(VppTestCase):
         # rx'ed seglist should be equal to SID-list in reversed order
         self.assertEqual(rx_srh.addresses, self.sid_list[::-1])
         # segleft should be equal to previous segleft value minus 1
-        self.assertEqual(rx_srh.segleft,
-                         len(self.sid_list) - self.test_sid_index - 2)
+        self.assertEqual(rx_srh.segleft, len(self.sid_list) - self.test_sid_index - 2)
         # lastentry should be equal to the SID-list length minus 1
         self.assertEqual(rx_srh.lastentry, len(self.sid_list) - 1)
 
@@ -411,10 +442,9 @@ class TestSRv6Ad(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.debug("packet verification: SUCCESS")
 
     def test_SRv6_End_AD_L2(self):
-        """ Test SRv6 End.AD behavior with L2 traffic.
-        """
-        self.src_addr = 'a0::'
-        self.sid_list = ['a1::', 'a2::a4', 'a3::']
+        """Test SRv6 End.AD behavior with L2 traffic."""
+        self.src_addr = "a0::"
+        self.sid_list = ["a1::", "a2::a4", "a3::"]
         self.test_sid_index = 1
 
         # send traffic to one destination interface
@@ -422,18 +452,30 @@ class TestSRv6Ad(VppTestCase):
         self.setup_interfaces(ipv6=[True, False])
 
         # configure route to next segment
-        route = VppIpRoute(self, self.sid_list[self.test_sid_index + 1], 128,
-                           [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                                         self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                         proto=DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_IP6)])
+        route = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            self.sid_list[self.test_sid_index + 1],
+            128,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.remote_ip6,
+                    self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+                    proto=DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_IP6,
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route.add_vpp_config()
 
         # configure SRv6 localSID behavior
-        cli_str = "sr localsid address " + \
-                  self.sid_list[self.test_sid_index] + \
-                  " behavior end.ad" + \
-                  " oif " + self.pg1.name + \
-                  " iif " + self.pg1.name
+        cli_str = (
+            "sr localsid address "
+            + self.sid_list[self.test_sid_index]
+            + " behavior end.ad"
+            + " oif "
+            + self.pg1.name
+            + " iif "
+            + self.pg1.name
+        )
         self.vapi.cli(cli_str)
 
         # log the localsids
@@ -447,15 +489,18 @@ class TestSRv6Ad(VppTestCase):
             srcaddr=self.src_addr,
             sidlist=self.sid_list[::-1],
             segleft=len(self.sid_list) - self.test_sid_index - 1,
-            vlan=0)
+            vlan=0,
+        )
 
         # generate packets (pg0->pg1)
-        pkts1 = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header1,
-                                   self.pg_packet_sizes, count)
+        pkts1 = self.create_stream(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header1, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+        )
 
         # send packets and verify received packets
-        self.send_and_verify_pkts(self.pg0, pkts1, self.pg1,
-                                  self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AD_L2_out)
+        self.send_and_verify_pkts(
+            self.pg0, pkts1, self.pg1, self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AD_L2_out
+        )
 
         # log the localsid counters
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show sr localsid"))
@@ -464,26 +509,27 @@ class TestSRv6Ad(VppTestCase):
         packet_header2 = self.create_packet_header_L2()
 
         # generate returning packets (pg1->pg0)
-        pkts2 = self.create_stream(self.pg1, self.pg0, packet_header2,
-                                   self.pg_packet_sizes, count)
+        pkts2 = self.create_stream(
+            self.pg1, self.pg0, packet_header2, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+        )
 
         # send packets and verify received packets
-        self.send_and_verify_pkts(self.pg1, pkts2, self.pg0,
-                                  self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AD_L2_in)
+        self.send_and_verify_pkts(
+            self.pg1, pkts2, self.pg0, self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AD_L2_in
+        )
 
         # log the localsid counters
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show sr localsid"))
 
         # remove SRv6 localSIDs
-        cli_str = "sr localsid del address " + \
-                  self.sid_list[self.test_sid_index]
+        cli_str = "sr localsid del address " + self.sid_list[self.test_sid_index]
         self.vapi.cli(cli_str)
 
         # cleanup interfaces
         self.teardown_interfaces()
 
     def compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AD_L2_out(self, tx_pkt, rx_pkt):
-        """ Compare input and output packet after passing End.AD with L2
+        """Compare input and output packet after passing End.AD with L2
 
         :param tx_pkt: transmitted packet
         :param rx_pkt: received packet
@@ -506,7 +552,7 @@ class TestSRv6Ad(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.debug("packet verification: SUCCESS")
 
     def compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AD_L2_in(self, tx_pkt, rx_pkt):
-        """ Compare input and output packet after passing End.AD
+        """Compare input and output packet after passing End.AD
 
         :param tx_pkt: transmitted packet
         :param rx_pkt: received packet
@@ -528,8 +574,7 @@ class TestSRv6Ad(VppTestCase):
         # rx'ed seglist should be equal to SID-list in reversed order
         self.assertEqual(rx_srh.addresses, self.sid_list[::-1])
         # segleft should be equal to previous segleft value minus 1
-        self.assertEqual(rx_srh.segleft,
-                         len(self.sid_list) - self.test_sid_index - 2)
+        self.assertEqual(rx_srh.segleft, len(self.sid_list) - self.test_sid_index - 2)
         # lastentry should be equal to the SID-list length minus 1
         self.assertEqual(rx_srh.lastentry, len(self.sid_list) - 1)
 
@@ -539,8 +584,7 @@ class TestSRv6Ad(VppTestCase):
 
         self.logger.debug("packet verification: SUCCESS")
 
-    def create_stream(self, src_if, dst_if, packet_header, packet_sizes,
-                      count):
+    def create_stream(self, src_if, dst_if, packet_header, packet_sizes, count):
         """Create SRv6 input packet stream for defined interface.
 
         :param VppInterface src_if: Interface to create packet stream for
@@ -557,15 +601,17 @@ class TestSRv6Ad(VppTestCase):
         pkts = []
         for i in range(0, count - 1):
             payload_info = self.create_packet_info(src_if, dst_if)
-            self.logger.debug(
-                "Creating packet with index %d" % (payload_info.index))
+            self.logger.debug("Creating packet with index %d" % (payload_info.index))
             payload = self.info_to_payload(payload_info)
             # add L2 header if not yet provided in packet_header
-            if packet_header.getlayer(0).name == 'Ethernet':
+            if packet_header.getlayer(0).name == "Ethernet":
                 p = packet_header / Raw(payload)
             else:
-                p = Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac) / \
-                    packet_header / Raw(payload)
+                p = (
+                    Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac)
+                    / packet_header
+                    / Raw(payload)
+                )
             size = packet_sizes[i % len(packet_sizes)]
             self.logger.debug("Packet size %d" % (size))
             self.extend_packet(p, size)
@@ -618,7 +664,7 @@ class TestSRv6Ad(VppTestCase):
         UDP source port and destination port are 1234
         """
 
-        p = IPv6(src='1234::1', dst='4321::1') / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+        p = IPv6(src="1234::1", dst="4321::1") / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
         return p
 
     def create_packet_header_IPv6_SRH_IPv6(self, srcaddr, sidlist, segleft):
@@ -636,11 +682,12 @@ class TestSRv6Ad(VppTestCase):
         UDP source port and destination port are 1234
         """
 
-        p = IPv6(src=srcaddr, dst=sidlist[segleft]) / \
-            IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting(addresses=sidlist,
-                                     segleft=segleft, nh=41) / \
-            IPv6(src='1234::1', dst='4321::1') / \
-            UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+        p = (
+            IPv6(src=srcaddr, dst=sidlist[segleft])
+            / IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting(addresses=sidlist, segleft=segleft, nh=41)
+            / IPv6(src="1234::1", dst="4321::1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+        )
         return p
 
     def create_packet_header_IPv4(self):
@@ -653,7 +700,7 @@ class TestSRv6Ad(VppTestCase):
         UDP source port and destination port are 1234
         """
 
-        p = IP(src='123.1.1.1', dst='124.1.1.1') / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+        p = IP(src="123.1.1.1", dst="124.1.1.1") / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
         return p
 
     def create_packet_header_IPv6_SRH_IPv4(self, srcaddr, sidlist, segleft):
@@ -671,11 +718,12 @@ class TestSRv6Ad(VppTestCase):
         UDP source port and destination port are 1234
         """
 
-        p = IPv6(src=srcaddr, dst=sidlist[segleft]) / \
-            IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting(addresses=sidlist,
-                                     segleft=segleft, nh=4) / \
-            IP(src='123.1.1.1', dst='124.1.1.1') / \
-            UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+        p = (
+            IPv6(src=srcaddr, dst=sidlist[segleft])
+            / IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting(addresses=sidlist, segleft=segleft, nh=4)
+            / IP(src="123.1.1.1", dst="124.1.1.1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+        )
         return p
 
     def create_packet_header_L2(self, vlan=0):
@@ -686,7 +734,7 @@ class TestSRv6Ad(VppTestCase):
         # Note: the dst addr ('00:55:44:33:22:11') is used in
         # the compare function compare_rx_tx_packet_T_Encaps_L2
         # to detect presence of L2 in SRH payload
-        p = Ether(src='00:11:22:33:44:55', dst='00:55:44:33:22:11')
+        p = Ether(src="00:11:22:33:44:55", dst="00:55:44:33:22:11")
         etype = 0x8137  # IPX
         if vlan:
             # add 802.1q layer
@@ -695,8 +743,7 @@ class TestSRv6Ad(VppTestCase):
             p.type = etype
         return p
 
-    def create_packet_header_IPv6_SRH_L2(self, srcaddr, sidlist, segleft,
-                                         vlan=0):
+    def create_packet_header_IPv6_SRH_L2(self, srcaddr, sidlist, segleft, vlan=0):
         """Create packet header: L2 encapsulated in SRv6:
         IPv6 header with SRH, L2
 
@@ -708,7 +755,7 @@ class TestSRv6Ad(VppTestCase):
         IPv6 source address is set to srcaddr
         IPv6 destination address is set to sidlist[segleft]
         """
-        eth = Ether(src='00:11:22:33:44:55', dst='00:55:44:33:22:11')
+        eth = Ether(src="00:11:22:33:44:55", dst="00:55:44:33:22:11")
         etype = 0x8137  # IPX
         if vlan:
             # add 802.1q layer
@@ -716,15 +763,15 @@ class TestSRv6Ad(VppTestCase):
         else:
             eth.type = etype
 
-        p = IPv6(src=srcaddr, dst=sidlist[segleft]) / \
-            IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting(addresses=sidlist,
-                                     segleft=segleft, nh=143) / \
-            eth
+        p = (
+            IPv6(src=srcaddr, dst=sidlist[segleft])
+            / IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting(addresses=sidlist, segleft=segleft, nh=143)
+            / eth
+        )
         return p
 
     def get_payload_info(self, packet):
-        """ Extract the payload_info from the packet
-        """
+        """Extract the payload_info from the packet"""
         # in most cases, payload_info is in packet[Raw]
         # but packet[Raw] gives the complete payload
         # (incl L2 header) for the T.Encaps L2 case
@@ -736,7 +783,8 @@ class TestSRv6Ad(VppTestCase):
             # take packet[Raw], convert it to an Ether layer
             # and then extract Raw from it
             payload_info = self.payload_to_info(
-                Ether(scapy.compat.raw(packet[Raw]))[Raw])
+                Ether(scapy.compat.raw(packet[Raw]))[Raw]
+            )
 
         return payload_info
 
@@ -749,8 +797,10 @@ class TestSRv6Ad(VppTestCase):
         :param capture: captured packets
         :param compare_func: function to compare in and out packet
         """
-        self.logger.info("Verifying capture on interface %s using function %s"
-                         % (dst_if.name, compare_func.__name__))
+        self.logger.info(
+            "Verifying capture on interface %s using function %s"
+            % (dst_if.name, compare_func.__name__)
+        )
 
         last_info = dict()
         for i in self.pg_interfaces:
@@ -763,19 +813,19 @@ class TestSRv6Ad(VppTestCase):
                 payload_info = self.get_payload_info(packet)
                 packet_index = payload_info.index
 
-                self.logger.debug("Verifying packet with index %d"
-                                  % (packet_index))
+                self.logger.debug("Verifying packet with index %d" % (packet_index))
                 # packet should have arrived on the expected interface
                 self.assertEqual(payload_info.dst, dst_sw_if_index)
                 self.logger.debug(
-                    "Got packet on interface %s: src=%u (idx=%u)" %
-                    (dst_if.name, payload_info.src, packet_index))
+                    "Got packet on interface %s: src=%u (idx=%u)"
+                    % (dst_if.name, payload_info.src, packet_index)
+                )
 
                 # search for payload_info with same src and dst if_index
                 # this will give us the transmitted packet
                 next_info = self.get_next_packet_info_for_interface2(
-                    payload_info.src, dst_sw_if_index,
-                    last_info[payload_info.src])
+                    payload_info.src, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[payload_info.src]
+                )
                 last_info[payload_info.src] = next_info
                 # next_info should not be None
                 self.assertTrue(next_info is not None)
@@ -784,8 +834,9 @@ class TestSRv6Ad(VppTestCase):
                 # data field of next_info contains the tx packet
                 txed_packet = next_info.data
 
-                self.logger.debug(ppp("Transmitted packet:",
-                                      txed_packet))  # ppp=Pretty Print Packet
+                self.logger.debug(
+                    ppp("Transmitted packet:", txed_packet)
+                )  # ppp=Pretty Print Packet
 
                 self.logger.debug(ppp("Received packet:", packet))
 
@@ -799,11 +850,14 @@ class TestSRv6Ad(VppTestCase):
         # have all expected packets arrived?
         for i in self.pg_interfaces:
             remaining_packet = self.get_next_packet_info_for_interface2(
-                i.sw_if_index, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[i.sw_if_index])
-            self.assertTrue(remaining_packet is None,
-                            "Interface %s: Packet expected from interface %s "
-                            "didn't arrive" % (dst_if.name, i.name))
+                i.sw_if_index, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[i.sw_if_index]
+            )
+            self.assertTrue(
+                remaining_packet is None,
+                "Interface %s: Packet expected from interface %s "
+                "didn't arrive" % (dst_if.name, i.name),
+            )
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_srv6_ad_flow.py b/test/test_srv6_ad_flow.py
index 6b4ec19a31b..4b274c92232 100644
--- a/test/test_srv6_ad_flow.py
+++ b/test/test_srv6_ad_flow.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ from util import ppp
 
 
 class TestSRv6AdFlow(VppTestCase):
-    """ SRv6 Flow-based Dynamic Proxy plugin Test Case """
+    """SRv6 Flow-based Dynamic Proxy plugin Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(self):
@@ -29,8 +29,7 @@ class TestSRv6AdFlow(VppTestCase):
         super(TestSRv6AdFlow, cls).tearDownClass()
 
     def setUp(self):
-        """ Perform test setup before each test case.
-        """
+        """Perform test setup before each test case."""
         super(TestSRv6AdFlow, self).setUp()
 
         # packet sizes, inclusive L2 overhead
@@ -40,17 +39,15 @@ class TestSRv6AdFlow(VppTestCase):
         self.reset_packet_infos()
 
     def tearDown(self):
-        """ Clean up test setup after each test case.
-        """
+        """Clean up test setup after each test case."""
         self.teardown_interfaces()
 
         super(TestSRv6AdFlow, self).tearDown()
 
-    def configure_interface(self,
-                            interface,
-                            ipv6=False, ipv4=False,
-                            ipv6_table_id=0, ipv4_table_id=0):
-        """ Configure interface.
+    def configure_interface(
+        self, interface, ipv6=False, ipv4=False, ipv6_table_id=0, ipv4_table_id=0
+    ):
+        """Configure interface.
         :param ipv6: configure IPv6 on interface
         :param ipv4: configure IPv4 on interface
         :param ipv6_table_id: FIB table_id for IPv6
@@ -69,9 +66,8 @@ class TestSRv6AdFlow(VppTestCase):
             interface.resolve_arp()
         interface.admin_up()
 
-    def setup_interfaces(self, ipv6=[], ipv4=[],
-                         ipv6_table_id=[], ipv4_table_id=[]):
-        """ Create and configure interfaces.
+    def setup_interfaces(self, ipv6=[], ipv4=[], ipv6_table_id=[], ipv4_table_id=[]):
+        """Create and configure interfaces.
 
         :param ipv6: list of interface IPv6 capabilities
         :param ipv4: list of interface IPv4 capabilities
@@ -106,9 +102,9 @@ class TestSRv6AdFlow(VppTestCase):
         # setup all interfaces
         for i in range(count):
             intf = self.pg_interfaces[i]
-            self.configure_interface(intf,
-                                     ipv6[i], ipv4[i],
-                                     ipv6_table_id[i], ipv4_table_id[i])
+            self.configure_interface(
+                intf, ipv6[i], ipv4[i], ipv6_table_id[i], ipv4_table_id[i]
+            )
 
         if any(ipv6):
             self.logger.debug(self.vapi.cli("show ip6 neighbors"))
@@ -120,8 +116,7 @@ class TestSRv6AdFlow(VppTestCase):
         return self.pg_interfaces
 
     def teardown_interfaces(self):
-        """ Unconfigure and bring down interface.
-        """
+        """Unconfigure and bring down interface."""
         self.logger.debug("Tearing down interfaces")
         # tear down all interfaces
         # AFAIK they cannot be deleted
@@ -133,10 +128,9 @@ class TestSRv6AdFlow(VppTestCase):
             i.set_table_ip6(0)
 
     def test_SRv6_End_AD_IPv6(self):
-        """ Test SRv6 End.AD behavior with IPv6 traffic.
-        """
-        self.src_addr = 'a0::'
-        self.sid_list = ['a1::', 'a2::a6', 'a3::']
+        """Test SRv6 End.AD behavior with IPv6 traffic."""
+        self.src_addr = "a0::"
+        self.sid_list = ["a1::", "a2::a6", "a3::"]
         self.test_sid_index = 1
 
         # send traffic to one destination interface
@@ -144,19 +138,32 @@ class TestSRv6AdFlow(VppTestCase):
         self.setup_interfaces(ipv6=[True, True])
 
         # configure route to next segment
-        route = VppIpRoute(self, self.sid_list[self.test_sid_index + 1], 128,
-                           [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                                         self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                         proto=DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_IP6)])
+        route = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            self.sid_list[self.test_sid_index + 1],
+            128,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.remote_ip6,
+                    self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+                    proto=DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_IP6,
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route.add_vpp_config()
 
         # configure SRv6 localSID behavior
-        cli_str = "sr localsid address " + \
-                  self.sid_list[self.test_sid_index] + \
-                  " behavior end.ad.flow" + \
-                  " nh " + self.pg1.remote_ip6 + \
-                  " oif " + self.pg1.name + \
-                  " iif " + self.pg1.name
+        cli_str = (
+            "sr localsid address "
+            + self.sid_list[self.test_sid_index]
+            + " behavior end.ad.flow"
+            + " nh "
+            + self.pg1.remote_ip6
+            + " oif "
+            + self.pg1.name
+            + " iif "
+            + self.pg1.name
+        )
         self.vapi.cli(cli_str)
 
         # log the localsids
@@ -169,15 +176,18 @@ class TestSRv6AdFlow(VppTestCase):
         packet_header1 = self.create_packet_header_IPv6_SRH_IPv6(
             srcaddr=self.src_addr,
             sidlist=self.sid_list[::-1],
-            segleft=len(self.sid_list) - self.test_sid_index - 1)
+            segleft=len(self.sid_list) - self.test_sid_index - 1,
+        )
 
         # generate packets (pg0->pg1)
-        pkts1 = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header1,
-                                   self.pg_packet_sizes, count)
+        pkts1 = self.create_stream(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header1, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+        )
 
         # send packets and verify received packets
-        self.send_and_verify_pkts(self.pg0, pkts1, self.pg1,
-                                  self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AD_IPv6_out)
+        self.send_and_verify_pkts(
+            self.pg0, pkts1, self.pg1, self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AD_IPv6_out
+        )
 
         # log the localsid counters
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show sr localsid"))
@@ -186,26 +196,27 @@ class TestSRv6AdFlow(VppTestCase):
         packet_header2 = self.create_packet_header_IPv6()
 
         # generate returning packets (pg1->pg0)
-        pkts2 = self.create_stream(self.pg1, self.pg0, packet_header2,
-                                   self.pg_packet_sizes, count)
+        pkts2 = self.create_stream(
+            self.pg1, self.pg0, packet_header2, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+        )
 
         # send packets and verify received packets
-        self.send_and_verify_pkts(self.pg1, pkts2, self.pg0,
-                                  self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AD_IPv6_in)
+        self.send_and_verify_pkts(
+            self.pg1, pkts2, self.pg0, self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AD_IPv6_in
+        )
 
         # log the localsid counters
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show sr localsid"))
 
         # remove SRv6 localSIDs
-        cli_str = "sr localsid del address " + \
-                  self.sid_list[self.test_sid_index]
+        cli_str = "sr localsid del address " + self.sid_list[self.test_sid_index]
         self.vapi.cli(cli_str)
 
         # cleanup interfaces
         self.teardown_interfaces()
 
     def compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AD_IPv6_out(self, tx_pkt, rx_pkt):
-        """ Compare input and output packet after passing End.AD with IPv6
+        """Compare input and output packet after passing End.AD with IPv6
 
         :param tx_pkt: transmitted packet
         :param rx_pkt: received packet
@@ -230,7 +241,7 @@ class TestSRv6AdFlow(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.debug("packet verification: SUCCESS")
 
     def compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AD_IPv6_in(self, tx_pkt, rx_pkt):
-        """ Compare input and output packet after passing End.AD
+        """Compare input and output packet after passing End.AD
 
         :param tx_pkt: transmitted packet
         :param rx_pkt: received packet
@@ -251,8 +262,7 @@ class TestSRv6AdFlow(VppTestCase):
         # rx'ed seglist should be equal to SID-list in reversed order
         self.assertEqual(rx_srh.addresses, self.sid_list[::-1])
         # segleft should be equal to previous segleft value minus 1
-        self.assertEqual(rx_srh.segleft,
-                         len(self.sid_list) - self.test_sid_index - 2)
+        self.assertEqual(rx_srh.segleft, len(self.sid_list) - self.test_sid_index - 2)
         # lastentry should be equal to the SID-list length minus 1
         self.assertEqual(rx_srh.lastentry, len(self.sid_list) - 1)
 
@@ -267,10 +277,9 @@ class TestSRv6AdFlow(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.debug("packet verification: SUCCESS")
 
     def test_SRv6_End_AD_IPv4(self):
-        """ Test SRv6 End.AD behavior with IPv4 traffic.
-        """
-        self.src_addr = 'a0::'
-        self.sid_list = ['a1::', 'a2::a4', 'a3::']
+        """Test SRv6 End.AD behavior with IPv4 traffic."""
+        self.src_addr = "a0::"
+        self.sid_list = ["a1::", "a2::a4", "a3::"]
         self.test_sid_index = 1
 
         # send traffic to one destination interface
@@ -278,19 +287,32 @@ class TestSRv6AdFlow(VppTestCase):
         self.setup_interfaces(ipv6=[True, False], ipv4=[False, True])
 
         # configure route to next segment
-        route = VppIpRoute(self, self.sid_list[self.test_sid_index + 1], 128,
-                           [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                                         self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                                         proto=DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_IP6)])
+        route = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            self.sid_list[self.test_sid_index + 1],
+            128,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    self.pg0.remote_ip6,
+                    self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+                    proto=DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_IP6,
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route.add_vpp_config()
 
         # configure SRv6 localSID behavior
-        cli_str = "sr localsid address " + \
-                  self.sid_list[self.test_sid_index] + \
-                  " behavior end.ad.flow" + \
-                  " nh " + self.pg1.remote_ip4 + \
-                  " oif " + self.pg1.name + \
-                  " iif " + self.pg1.name
+        cli_str = (
+            "sr localsid address "
+            + self.sid_list[self.test_sid_index]
+            + " behavior end.ad.flow"
+            + " nh "
+            + self.pg1.remote_ip4
+            + " oif "
+            + self.pg1.name
+            + " iif "
+            + self.pg1.name
+        )
         self.vapi.cli(cli_str)
 
         # log the localsids
@@ -303,15 +325,18 @@ class TestSRv6AdFlow(VppTestCase):
         packet_header1 = self.create_packet_header_IPv6_SRH_IPv4(
             srcaddr=self.src_addr,
             sidlist=self.sid_list[::-1],
-            segleft=len(self.sid_list) - self.test_sid_index - 1)
+            segleft=len(self.sid_list) - self.test_sid_index - 1,
+        )
 
         # generate packets (pg0->pg1)
-        pkts1 = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header1,
-                                   self.pg_packet_sizes, count)
+        pkts1 = self.create_stream(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header1, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+        )
 
         # send packets and verify received packets
-        self.send_and_verify_pkts(self.pg0, pkts1, self.pg1,
-                                  self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AD_IPv4_out)
+        self.send_and_verify_pkts(
+            self.pg0, pkts1, self.pg1, self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AD_IPv4_out
+        )
 
         # log the localsid counters
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show sr localsid"))
@@ -320,26 +345,27 @@ class TestSRv6AdFlow(VppTestCase):
         packet_header2 = self.create_packet_header_IPv4()
 
         # generate returning packets (pg1->pg0)
-        pkts2 = self.create_stream(self.pg1, self.pg0, packet_header2,
-                                   self.pg_packet_sizes, count)
+        pkts2 = self.create_stream(
+            self.pg1, self.pg0, packet_header2, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+        )
 
         # send packets and verify received packets
-        self.send_and_verify_pkts(self.pg1, pkts2, self.pg0,
-                                  self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AD_IPv4_in)
+        self.send_and_verify_pkts(
+            self.pg1, pkts2, self.pg0, self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AD_IPv4_in
+        )
 
         # log the localsid counters
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show sr localsid"))
 
         # remove SRv6 localSIDs
-        cli_str = "sr localsid del address " + \
-                  self.sid_list[self.test_sid_index]
+        cli_str = "sr localsid del address " + self.sid_list[self.test_sid_index]
         self.vapi.cli(cli_str)
 
         # cleanup interfaces
         self.teardown_interfaces()
 
     def compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AD_IPv4_out(self, tx_pkt, rx_pkt):
-        """ Compare input and output packet after passing End.AD with IPv4
+        """Compare input and output packet after passing End.AD with IPv4
 
         :param tx_pkt: transmitted packet
         :param rx_pkt: received packet
@@ -369,7 +395,7 @@ class TestSRv6AdFlow(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.debug("packet verification: SUCCESS")
 
     def compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AD_IPv4_in(self, tx_pkt, rx_pkt):
-        """ Compare input and output packet after passing End.AD
+        """Compare input and output packet after passing End.AD
 
         :param tx_pkt: transmitted packet
         :param rx_pkt: received packet
@@ -390,8 +416,7 @@ class TestSRv6AdFlow(VppTestCase):
         # rx'ed seglist should be equal to SID-list in reversed order
         self.assertEqual(rx_srh.addresses, self.sid_list[::-1])
         # segleft should be equal to previous segleft value minus 1
-        self.assertEqual(rx_srh.segleft,
-                         len(self.sid_list) - self.test_sid_index - 2)
+        self.assertEqual(rx_srh.segleft, len(self.sid_list) - self.test_sid_index - 2)
         # lastentry should be equal to the SID-list length minus 1
         self.assertEqual(rx_srh.lastentry, len(self.sid_list) - 1)
 
@@ -408,8 +433,7 @@ class TestSRv6AdFlow(VppTestCase):
 
         self.logger.debug("packet verification: SUCCESS")
 
-    def create_stream(self, src_if, dst_if, packet_header, packet_sizes,
-                      count):
+    def create_stream(self, src_if, dst_if, packet_header, packet_sizes, count):
         """Create SRv6 input packet stream for defined interface.
 
         :param VppInterface src_if: Interface to create packet stream for
@@ -426,15 +450,17 @@ class TestSRv6AdFlow(VppTestCase):
         pkts = []
         for i in range(0, count - 1):
             payload_info = self.create_packet_info(src_if, dst_if)
-            self.logger.debug(
-                "Creating packet with index %d" % (payload_info.index))
+            self.logger.debug("Creating packet with index %d" % (payload_info.index))
             payload = self.info_to_payload(payload_info)
             # add L2 header if not yet provided in packet_header
-            if packet_header.getlayer(0).name == 'Ethernet':
+            if packet_header.getlayer(0).name == "Ethernet":
                 p = packet_header / Raw(payload)
             else:
-                p = Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac) / \
-                    packet_header / Raw(payload)
+                p = (
+                    Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac)
+                    / packet_header
+                    / Raw(payload)
+                )
             size = packet_sizes[i % len(packet_sizes)]
             self.logger.debug("Packet size %d" % (size))
             self.extend_packet(p, size)
@@ -477,8 +503,9 @@ class TestSRv6AdFlow(VppTestCase):
         # verify captured packets
         self.verify_captured_pkts(output, capture, compare_func)
 
-    def create_packet_header_IPv6(self, saddr='1234::1', daddr='4321::1',
-                                  sport=1234, dport=1234):
+    def create_packet_header_IPv6(
+        self, saddr="1234::1", daddr="4321::1", sport=1234, dport=1234
+    ):
         """Create packet header: IPv6 header, UDP header
 
         :param dst: IPv6 destination address
@@ -491,9 +518,16 @@ class TestSRv6AdFlow(VppTestCase):
         p = IPv6(src=saddr, dst=daddr) / UDP(sport=sport, dport=dport)
         return p
 
-    def create_packet_header_IPv6_SRH_IPv6(self, srcaddr, sidlist, segleft,
-                                           insrc='1234::1', indst='4321::1',
-                                           sport=1234, dport=1234):
+    def create_packet_header_IPv6_SRH_IPv6(
+        self,
+        srcaddr,
+        sidlist,
+        segleft,
+        insrc="1234::1",
+        indst="4321::1",
+        sport=1234,
+        dport=1234,
+    ):
         """Create packet header: IPv6 encapsulated in SRv6:
         IPv6 header with SRH, IPv6 header, UDP header
 
@@ -508,11 +542,12 @@ class TestSRv6AdFlow(VppTestCase):
         UDP source port and destination port are 1234
         """
 
-        p = IPv6(src=srcaddr, dst=sidlist[segleft]) / \
-            IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting(addresses=sidlist,
-                                     segleft=segleft, nh=41) / \
-            IPv6(src=insrc, dst=indst) / \
-            UDP(sport=sport, dport=dport)
+        p = (
+            IPv6(src=srcaddr, dst=sidlist[segleft])
+            / IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting(addresses=sidlist, segleft=segleft, nh=41)
+            / IPv6(src=insrc, dst=indst)
+            / UDP(sport=sport, dport=dport)
+        )
         return p
 
     def create_packet_header_IPv4(self):
@@ -525,7 +560,7 @@ class TestSRv6AdFlow(VppTestCase):
         UDP source port and destination port are 1234
         """
 
-        p = IP(src='123.1.1.1', dst='124.1.1.1') / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+        p = IP(src="123.1.1.1", dst="124.1.1.1") / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
         return p
 
     def create_packet_header_IPv6_SRH_IPv4(self, srcaddr, sidlist, segleft):
@@ -543,16 +578,16 @@ class TestSRv6AdFlow(VppTestCase):
         UDP source port and destination port are 1234
         """
 
-        p = IPv6(src=srcaddr, dst=sidlist[segleft]) / \
-            IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting(addresses=sidlist,
-                                     segleft=segleft, nh=4) / \
-            IP(src='123.1.1.1', dst='124.1.1.1') / \
-            UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+        p = (
+            IPv6(src=srcaddr, dst=sidlist[segleft])
+            / IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting(addresses=sidlist, segleft=segleft, nh=4)
+            / IP(src="123.1.1.1", dst="124.1.1.1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+        )
         return p
 
     def get_payload_info(self, packet):
-        """ Extract the payload_info from the packet
-        """
+        """Extract the payload_info from the packet"""
         # in most cases, payload_info is in packet[Raw]
         # but packet[Raw] gives the complete payload
         # (incl L2 header) for the T.Encaps L2 case
@@ -564,7 +599,8 @@ class TestSRv6AdFlow(VppTestCase):
             # take packet[Raw], convert it to an Ether layer
             # and then extract Raw from it
             payload_info = self.payload_to_info(
-                Ether(scapy.compat.raw(packet[Raw]))[Raw])
+                Ether(scapy.compat.raw(packet[Raw]))[Raw]
+            )
 
         return payload_info
 
@@ -577,8 +613,10 @@ class TestSRv6AdFlow(VppTestCase):
         :param capture: captured packets
         :param compare_func: function to compare in and out packet
         """
-        self.logger.info("Verifying capture on interface %s using function %s"
-                         % (dst_if.name, compare_func.__name__))
+        self.logger.info(
+            "Verifying capture on interface %s using function %s"
+            % (dst_if.name, compare_func.__name__)
+        )
 
         last_info = dict()
         for i in self.pg_interfaces:
@@ -591,19 +629,19 @@ class TestSRv6AdFlow(VppTestCase):
                 payload_info = self.get_payload_info(packet)
                 packet_index = payload_info.index
 
-                self.logger.debug("Verifying packet with index %d"
-                                  % (packet_index))
+                self.logger.debug("Verifying packet with index %d" % (packet_index))
                 # packet should have arrived on the expected interface
                 self.assertEqual(payload_info.dst, dst_sw_if_index)
                 self.logger.debug(
-                    "Got packet on interface %s: src=%u (idx=%u)" %
-                    (dst_if.name, payload_info.src, packet_index))
+                    "Got packet on interface %s: src=%u (idx=%u)"
+                    % (dst_if.name, payload_info.src, packet_index)
+                )
 
                 # search for payload_info with same src and dst if_index
                 # this will give us the transmitted packet
                 next_info = self.get_next_packet_info_for_interface2(
-                    payload_info.src, dst_sw_if_index,
-                    last_info[payload_info.src])
+                    payload_info.src, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[payload_info.src]
+                )
                 last_info[payload_info.src] = next_info
                 # next_info should not be None
                 self.assertTrue(next_info is not None)
@@ -612,8 +650,9 @@ class TestSRv6AdFlow(VppTestCase):
                 # data field of next_info contains the tx packet
                 txed_packet = next_info.data
 
-                self.logger.debug(ppp("Transmitted packet:",
-                                      txed_packet))  # ppp=Pretty Print Packet
+                self.logger.debug(
+                    ppp("Transmitted packet:", txed_packet)
+                )  # ppp=Pretty Print Packet
 
                 self.logger.debug(ppp("Received packet:", packet))
 
@@ -627,11 +666,14 @@ class TestSRv6AdFlow(VppTestCase):
         # have all expected packets arrived?
         for i in self.pg_interfaces:
             remaining_packet = self.get_next_packet_info_for_interface2(
-                i.sw_if_index, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[i.sw_if_index])
-            self.assertTrue(remaining_packet is None,
-                            "Interface %s: Packet expected from interface %s "
-                            "didn't arrive" % (dst_if.name, i.name))
+                i.sw_if_index, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[i.sw_if_index]
+            )
+            self.assertTrue(
+                remaining_packet is None,
+                "Interface %s: Packet expected from interface %s "
+                "didn't arrive" % (dst_if.name, i.name),
+            )
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_srv6_as.py b/test/test_srv6_as.py
index 947633e7fab..87cafd1e5ed 100644
--- a/test/test_srv6_as.py
+++ b/test/test_srv6_as.py
@@ -6,8 +6,14 @@ from socket import AF_INET6
 
 from framework import VppTestCase, VppTestRunner
 from vpp_ip_route import VppIpRoute, VppRoutePath, FibPathProto, VppIpTable
-from vpp_srv6 import SRv6LocalSIDBehaviors, VppSRv6LocalSID, VppSRv6Policy, \
-    SRv6PolicyType, VppSRv6Steering, SRv6PolicySteeringTypes
+from vpp_srv6 import (
+    SRv6LocalSIDBehaviors,
+    VppSRv6LocalSID,
+    VppSRv6Policy,
+    SRv6PolicyType,
+    VppSRv6Steering,
+    SRv6PolicySteeringTypes,
+)
 
 import scapy.compat
 from scapy.packet import Raw
@@ -19,7 +25,7 @@ from util import ppp
 
 
 class TestSRv6As(VppTestCase):
-    """ SRv6 Static Proxy plugin Test Case """
+    """SRv6 Static Proxy plugin Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(self):
@@ -30,8 +36,7 @@ class TestSRv6As(VppTestCase):
         super(TestSRv6As, cls).tearDownClass()
 
     def setUp(self):
-        """ Perform test setup before each test case.
-        """
+        """Perform test setup before each test case."""
         super(TestSRv6As, self).setUp()
 
         # packet sizes, inclusive L2 overhead
@@ -41,17 +46,15 @@ class TestSRv6As(VppTestCase):
         self.reset_packet_infos()
 
     def tearDown(self):
-        """ Clean up test setup after each test case.
-        """
+        """Clean up test setup after each test case."""
         self.teardown_interfaces()
 
         super(TestSRv6As, self).tearDown()
 
-    def configure_interface(self,
-                            interface,
-                            ipv6=False, ipv4=False,
-                            ipv6_table_id=0, ipv4_table_id=0):
-        """ Configure interface.
+    def configure_interface(
+        self, interface, ipv6=False, ipv4=False, ipv6_table_id=0, ipv4_table_id=0
+    ):
+        """Configure interface.
         :param ipv6: configure IPv6 on interface
         :param ipv4: configure IPv4 on interface
         :param ipv6_table_id: FIB table_id for IPv6
@@ -70,9 +73,8 @@ class TestSRv6As(VppTestCase):
             interface.resolve_arp()
         interface.admin_up()
 
-    def setup_interfaces(self, ipv6=[], ipv4=[],
-                         ipv6_table_id=[], ipv4_table_id=[]):
-        """ Create and configure interfaces.
+    def setup_interfaces(self, ipv6=[], ipv4=[], ipv6_table_id=[], ipv4_table_id=[]):
+        """Create and configure interfaces.
 
         :param ipv6: list of interface IPv6 capabilities
         :param ipv4: list of interface IPv4 capabilities
@@ -107,9 +109,9 @@ class TestSRv6As(VppTestCase):
         # setup all interfaces
         for i in range(count):
             intf = self.pg_interfaces[i]
-            self.configure_interface(intf,
-                                     ipv6[i], ipv4[i],
-                                     ipv6_table_id[i], ipv4_table_id[i])
+            self.configure_interface(
+                intf, ipv6[i], ipv4[i], ipv6_table_id[i], ipv4_table_id[i]
+            )
 
         if any(ipv6):
             self.logger.debug(self.vapi.cli("show ip6 neighbors"))
@@ -121,8 +123,7 @@ class TestSRv6As(VppTestCase):
         return self.pg_interfaces
 
     def teardown_interfaces(self):
-        """ Unconfigure and bring down interface.
-        """
+        """Unconfigure and bring down interface."""
         self.logger.debug("Tearing down interfaces")
         # tear down all interfaces
         # AFAIK they cannot be deleted
@@ -134,75 +135,83 @@ class TestSRv6As(VppTestCase):
             i.set_table_ip6(0)
 
     def test_SRv6_End_AS_IPv6_noSRH(self):
-        """ Test SRv6 End.AS behavior with IPv6 traffic and no SRH rewrite.
-        """
+        """Test SRv6 End.AS behavior with IPv6 traffic and no SRH rewrite."""
         self.run_SRv6_End_AS_IPv6(
-            sid_list=['a1::', 'a2::a6', 'a3::'],
+            sid_list=["a1::", "a2::a6", "a3::"],
             test_sid_index=1,
-            rewrite_src_addr='a2::')
+            rewrite_src_addr="a2::",
+        )
 
     def test_SRv6_End_AS_IPv6_SRH(self):
-        """ Test SRv6 End.AS behavior with IPv6 traffic and SRH rewrite.
-        """
+        """Test SRv6 End.AS behavior with IPv6 traffic and SRH rewrite."""
         self.run_SRv6_End_AS_IPv6(
-            sid_list=['a1::a6', 'a2::', 'a3::'],
+            sid_list=["a1::a6", "a2::", "a3::"],
             test_sid_index=0,
-            rewrite_src_addr='a1::')
+            rewrite_src_addr="a1::",
+        )
 
     def test_SRv6_End_AS_IPv4_noSRH(self):
-        """ Test SRv6 End.AS behavior with IPv4 traffic and no SRH rewrite.
-        """
+        """Test SRv6 End.AS behavior with IPv4 traffic and no SRH rewrite."""
         self.run_SRv6_End_AS_IPv4(
-            sid_list=['a1::', 'a2::a6', 'a3::'],
+            sid_list=["a1::", "a2::a6", "a3::"],
             test_sid_index=1,
-            rewrite_src_addr='a2::')
+            rewrite_src_addr="a2::",
+        )
 
     def test_SRv6_End_AS_IPv4_SRH(self):
-        """ Test SRv6 End.AS behavior with IPv4 traffic and SRH rewrite.
-        """
+        """Test SRv6 End.AS behavior with IPv4 traffic and SRH rewrite."""
         self.run_SRv6_End_AS_IPv4(
-            sid_list=['a1::a6', 'a2::', 'a3::'],
+            sid_list=["a1::a6", "a2::", "a3::"],
             test_sid_index=0,
-            rewrite_src_addr='a1::')
+            rewrite_src_addr="a1::",
+        )
 
     def test_SRv6_End_AS_L2_noSRH(self):
-        """ Test SRv6 End.AS behavior with L2 traffic and no SRH rewrite.
-        """
+        """Test SRv6 End.AS behavior with L2 traffic and no SRH rewrite."""
         self.run_SRv6_End_AS_L2(
-            sid_list=['a1::', 'a2::a6', 'a3::'],
+            sid_list=["a1::", "a2::a6", "a3::"],
             test_sid_index=1,
-            rewrite_src_addr='a2::')
+            rewrite_src_addr="a2::",
+        )
 
     def test_SRv6_End_AS_L2_SRH(self):
-        """ Test SRv6 End.AS behavior with L2 traffic and SRH rewrite.
-        """
+        """Test SRv6 End.AS behavior with L2 traffic and SRH rewrite."""
         self.run_SRv6_End_AS_L2(
-            sid_list=['a1::a6', 'a2::', 'a3::'],
+            sid_list=["a1::a6", "a2::", "a3::"],
             test_sid_index=0,
-            rewrite_src_addr='a1::')
+            rewrite_src_addr="a1::",
+        )
 
     def run_SRv6_End_AS_L2(self, sid_list, test_sid_index, rewrite_src_addr):
-        """ Run SRv6 End.AS test with L2 traffic.
-        """
+        """Run SRv6 End.AS test with L2 traffic."""
         self.rewrite_src_addr = rewrite_src_addr
-        self.rewrite_sid_list = sid_list[test_sid_index + 1::]
+        self.rewrite_sid_list = sid_list[test_sid_index + 1 : :]
 
         # send traffic to one destination interface
         # source and destination interfaces are IPv6 only
         self.setup_interfaces(ipv6=[True, False])
 
         # configure route to next segment
-        route = VppIpRoute(self, sid_list[test_sid_index + 1], 128,
-                           [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                                         self.pg0.sw_if_index)])
+        route = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            sid_list[test_sid_index + 1],
+            128,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip6, self.pg0.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         route.add_vpp_config()
 
         # configure SRv6 localSID behavior
-        cli_str = "sr localsid address " + sid_list[test_sid_index] \
-            + " behavior end.as" \
-            + " oif " + self.pg1.name \
-            + " iif " + self.pg1.name \
-            + " src " + self.rewrite_src_addr
+        cli_str = (
+            "sr localsid address "
+            + sid_list[test_sid_index]
+            + " behavior end.as"
+            + " oif "
+            + self.pg1.name
+            + " iif "
+            + self.pg1.name
+            + " src "
+            + self.rewrite_src_addr
+        )
         for s in self.rewrite_sid_list:
             cli_str += " next " + s
         self.vapi.cli(cli_str)
@@ -215,17 +224,18 @@ class TestSRv6As(VppTestCase):
 
         # prepare L2 in SRv6 headers
         packet_header1 = self.create_packet_header_IPv6_SRH_L2(
-                        sidlist=sid_list[::-1],
-                        segleft=len(sid_list) - test_sid_index - 1,
-                        vlan=0)
+            sidlist=sid_list[::-1], segleft=len(sid_list) - test_sid_index - 1, vlan=0
+        )
 
         # generate packets (pg0->pg1)
-        pkts1 = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header1,
-                                   self.pg_packet_sizes, count)
+        pkts1 = self.create_stream(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header1, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+        )
 
         # send packets and verify received packets
-        self.send_and_verify_pkts(self.pg0, pkts1, self.pg1,
-                                  self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AS_L2_out)
+        self.send_and_verify_pkts(
+            self.pg0, pkts1, self.pg1, self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AS_L2_out
+        )
 
         # log the localsid counters
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show sr localsid"))
@@ -234,12 +244,14 @@ class TestSRv6As(VppTestCase):
         packet_header2 = self.create_packet_header_L2()
 
         # generate returning packets (pg1->pg0)
-        pkts2 = self.create_stream(self.pg1, self.pg0, packet_header2,
-                                   self.pg_packet_sizes, count)
+        pkts2 = self.create_stream(
+            self.pg1, self.pg0, packet_header2, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+        )
 
         # send packets and verify received packets
-        self.send_and_verify_pkts(self.pg1, pkts2, self.pg0,
-                                  self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AS_L2_in)
+        self.send_and_verify_pkts(
+            self.pg1, pkts2, self.pg0, self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AS_L2_in
+        )
 
         # log the localsid counters
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show sr localsid"))
@@ -251,28 +263,37 @@ class TestSRv6As(VppTestCase):
         self.teardown_interfaces()
 
     def run_SRv6_End_AS_IPv6(self, sid_list, test_sid_index, rewrite_src_addr):
-        """ Run SRv6 End.AS test with IPv6 traffic.
-        """
+        """Run SRv6 End.AS test with IPv6 traffic."""
         self.rewrite_src_addr = rewrite_src_addr
-        self.rewrite_sid_list = sid_list[test_sid_index + 1::]
+        self.rewrite_sid_list = sid_list[test_sid_index + 1 : :]
 
         # send traffic to one destination interface
         # source and destination interfaces are IPv6 only
         self.setup_interfaces(ipv6=[True, True])
 
         # configure route to next segment
-        route = VppIpRoute(self, sid_list[test_sid_index + 1], 128,
-                           [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                                         self.pg0.sw_if_index)])
+        route = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            sid_list[test_sid_index + 1],
+            128,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip6, self.pg0.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         route.add_vpp_config()
 
         # configure SRv6 localSID behavior
-        cli_str = "sr localsid address " + sid_list[test_sid_index] \
-            + " behavior end.as" \
-            + " nh " + self.pg1.remote_ip6 \
-            + " oif " + self.pg1.name \
-            + " iif " + self.pg1.name \
-            + " src " + self.rewrite_src_addr
+        cli_str = (
+            "sr localsid address "
+            + sid_list[test_sid_index]
+            + " behavior end.as"
+            + " nh "
+            + self.pg1.remote_ip6
+            + " oif "
+            + self.pg1.name
+            + " iif "
+            + self.pg1.name
+            + " src "
+            + self.rewrite_src_addr
+        )
         for s in self.rewrite_sid_list:
             cli_str += " next " + s
         self.vapi.cli(cli_str)
@@ -285,16 +306,18 @@ class TestSRv6As(VppTestCase):
 
         # prepare IPv6 in SRv6 headers
         packet_header1 = self.create_packet_header_IPv6_SRH_IPv6(
-                        sidlist=sid_list[::-1],
-                        segleft=len(sid_list) - test_sid_index - 1)
+            sidlist=sid_list[::-1], segleft=len(sid_list) - test_sid_index - 1
+        )
 
         # generate packets (pg0->pg1)
-        pkts1 = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header1,
-                                   self.pg_packet_sizes, count)
+        pkts1 = self.create_stream(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header1, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+        )
 
         # send packets and verify received packets
-        self.send_and_verify_pkts(self.pg0, pkts1, self.pg1,
-                                  self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AS_IPv6_out)
+        self.send_and_verify_pkts(
+            self.pg0, pkts1, self.pg1, self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AS_IPv6_out
+        )
 
         # log the localsid counters
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show sr localsid"))
@@ -303,12 +326,14 @@ class TestSRv6As(VppTestCase):
         packet_header2 = self.create_packet_header_IPv6()
 
         # generate returning packets (pg1->pg0)
-        pkts2 = self.create_stream(self.pg1, self.pg0, packet_header2,
-                                   self.pg_packet_sizes, count)
+        pkts2 = self.create_stream(
+            self.pg1, self.pg0, packet_header2, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+        )
 
         # send packets and verify received packets
-        self.send_and_verify_pkts(self.pg1, pkts2, self.pg0,
-                                  self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AS_IPv6_in)
+        self.send_and_verify_pkts(
+            self.pg1, pkts2, self.pg0, self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AS_IPv6_in
+        )
 
         # log the localsid counters
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show sr localsid"))
@@ -320,28 +345,37 @@ class TestSRv6As(VppTestCase):
         self.teardown_interfaces()
 
     def run_SRv6_End_AS_IPv4(self, sid_list, test_sid_index, rewrite_src_addr):
-        """ Run SRv6 End.AS test with IPv4 traffic.
-        """
+        """Run SRv6 End.AS test with IPv4 traffic."""
         self.rewrite_src_addr = rewrite_src_addr
-        self.rewrite_sid_list = sid_list[test_sid_index + 1::]
+        self.rewrite_sid_list = sid_list[test_sid_index + 1 : :]
 
         # send traffic to one destination interface
         # source and destination interfaces are IPv6 only
         self.setup_interfaces(ipv6=[True, False], ipv4=[True, True])
 
         # configure route to next segment
-        route = VppIpRoute(self, sid_list[test_sid_index + 1], 128,
-                           [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                                         self.pg0.sw_if_index)])
+        route = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            sid_list[test_sid_index + 1],
+            128,
+            [VppRoutePath(self.pg0.remote_ip6, self.pg0.sw_if_index)],
+        )
         route.add_vpp_config()
 
         # configure SRv6 localSID behavior
-        cli_str = "sr localsid address " + sid_list[test_sid_index] \
-            + " behavior end.as" \
-            + " nh " + self.pg1.remote_ip4 \
-            + " oif " + self.pg1.name \
-            + " iif " + self.pg1.name \
-            + " src " + self.rewrite_src_addr
+        cli_str = (
+            "sr localsid address "
+            + sid_list[test_sid_index]
+            + " behavior end.as"
+            + " nh "
+            + self.pg1.remote_ip4
+            + " oif "
+            + self.pg1.name
+            + " iif "
+            + self.pg1.name
+            + " src "
+            + self.rewrite_src_addr
+        )
         for s in self.rewrite_sid_list:
             cli_str += " next " + s
         self.vapi.cli(cli_str)
@@ -354,16 +388,18 @@ class TestSRv6As(VppTestCase):
 
         # prepare IPv4 in SRv6 headers
         packet_header1 = self.create_packet_header_IPv6_SRH_IPv4(
-                        sidlist=sid_list[::-1],
-                        segleft=len(sid_list) - test_sid_index - 1)
+            sidlist=sid_list[::-1], segleft=len(sid_list) - test_sid_index - 1
+        )
 
         # generate packets (pg0->pg1)
-        pkts1 = self.create_stream(self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header1,
-                                   self.pg_packet_sizes, count)
+        pkts1 = self.create_stream(
+            self.pg0, self.pg1, packet_header1, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+        )
 
         # send packets and verify received packets
-        self.send_and_verify_pkts(self.pg0, pkts1, self.pg1,
-                                  self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AS_IPv4_out)
+        self.send_and_verify_pkts(
+            self.pg0, pkts1, self.pg1, self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AS_IPv4_out
+        )
 
         # log the localsid counters
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show sr localsid"))
@@ -372,12 +408,14 @@ class TestSRv6As(VppTestCase):
         packet_header2 = self.create_packet_header_IPv4()
 
         # generate returning packets (pg1->pg0)
-        pkts2 = self.create_stream(self.pg1, self.pg0, packet_header2,
-                                   self.pg_packet_sizes, count)
+        pkts2 = self.create_stream(
+            self.pg1, self.pg0, packet_header2, self.pg_packet_sizes, count
+        )
 
         # send packets and verify received packets
-        self.send_and_verify_pkts(self.pg1, pkts2, self.pg0,
-                                  self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AS_IPv4_in)
+        self.send_and_verify_pkts(
+            self.pg1, pkts2, self.pg0, self.compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AS_IPv4_in
+        )
 
         # log the localsid counters
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show sr localsid"))
@@ -389,7 +427,7 @@ class TestSRv6As(VppTestCase):
         self.teardown_interfaces()
 
     def compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AS_IPv6_in(self, tx_pkt, rx_pkt):
-        """ Compare input and output packet after passing End.AS
+        """Compare input and output packet after passing End.AS
 
         :param tx_pkt: transmitted packet
         :param rx_pkt: received packet
@@ -417,7 +455,7 @@ class TestSRv6As(VppTestCase):
             # rx'ed seglist should be equal to expected seglist
             self.assertEqual(rx_srh.addresses, tx_seglist)
             # segleft should be equal to size expected seglist-1
-            self.assertEqual(rx_srh.segleft, len(tx_seglist)-1)
+            self.assertEqual(rx_srh.segleft, len(tx_seglist) - 1)
             # segleft should be equal to lastentry
             self.assertEqual(rx_srh.segleft, rx_srh.lastentry)
             # get payload
@@ -438,7 +476,7 @@ class TestSRv6As(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.debug("packet verification: SUCCESS")
 
     def compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AS_IPv4_in(self, tx_pkt, rx_pkt):
-        """ Compare input and output packet after passing End.AS
+        """Compare input and output packet after passing End.AS
 
         :param tx_pkt: transmitted packet
         :param rx_pkt: received packet
@@ -467,7 +505,7 @@ class TestSRv6As(VppTestCase):
             # rx'ed seglist should be equal to seglist
             self.assertEqual(rx_srh.addresses, tx_seglist)
             # segleft should be equal to size seglist-1
-            self.assertEqual(rx_srh.segleft, len(tx_seglist)-1)
+            self.assertEqual(rx_srh.segleft, len(tx_seglist) - 1)
             # segleft should be equal to lastentry
             self.assertEqual(rx_srh.segleft, rx_srh.lastentry)
             payload = rx_srh.payload
@@ -492,7 +530,7 @@ class TestSRv6As(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.debug("packet verification: SUCCESS")
 
     def compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AS_L2_in(self, tx_pkt, rx_pkt):
-        """ Compare input and output packet after passing End.AS
+        """Compare input and output packet after passing End.AS
 
         :param tx_pkt: transmitted packet
         :param rx_pkt: received packet
@@ -520,7 +558,7 @@ class TestSRv6As(VppTestCase):
             # rx'ed seglist should be equal to seglist
             self.assertEqual(rx_srh.addresses, tx_seglist)
             # segleft should be equal to size seglist-1
-            self.assertEqual(rx_srh.segleft, len(tx_seglist)-1)
+            self.assertEqual(rx_srh.segleft, len(tx_seglist) - 1)
             # segleft should be equal to lastentry
             self.assertEqual(rx_srh.segleft, rx_srh.lastentry)
             # nh should be "No Next Header" (143)
@@ -539,7 +577,7 @@ class TestSRv6As(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.debug("packet verification: SUCCESS")
 
     def compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AS_IPv6_out(self, tx_pkt, rx_pkt):
-        """ Compare input and output packet after passing End.AS with IPv6
+        """Compare input and output packet after passing End.AS with IPv6
 
         :param tx_pkt: transmitted packet
         :param rx_pkt: received packet
@@ -564,7 +602,7 @@ class TestSRv6As(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.debug("packet verification: SUCCESS")
 
     def compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AS_IPv4_out(self, tx_pkt, rx_pkt):
-        """ Compare input and output packet after passing End.AS with IPv4
+        """Compare input and output packet after passing End.AS with IPv4
 
         :param tx_pkt: transmitted packet
         :param rx_pkt: received packet
@@ -594,7 +632,7 @@ class TestSRv6As(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.debug("packet verification: SUCCESS")
 
     def compare_rx_tx_packet_End_AS_L2_out(self, tx_pkt, rx_pkt):
-        """ Compare input and output packet after passing End.AS with L2
+        """Compare input and output packet after passing End.AS with L2
 
         :param tx_pkt: transmitted packet
         :param rx_pkt: received packet
@@ -616,8 +654,7 @@ class TestSRv6As(VppTestCase):
 
         self.logger.debug("packet verification: SUCCESS")
 
-    def create_stream(self, src_if, dst_if, packet_header, packet_sizes,
-                      count):
+    def create_stream(self, src_if, dst_if, packet_header, packet_sizes, count):
         """Create SRv6 input packet stream for defined interface.
 
         :param VppInterface src_if: Interface to create packet stream for
@@ -632,19 +669,19 @@ class TestSRv6As(VppTestCase):
         """
         self.logger.info("Creating packets")
         pkts = []
-        for i in range(0, count-1):
+        for i in range(0, count - 1):
             payload_info = self.create_packet_info(src_if, dst_if)
-            self.logger.debug(
-                "Creating packet with index %d" % (payload_info.index))
+            self.logger.debug("Creating packet with index %d" % (payload_info.index))
             payload = self.info_to_payload(payload_info)
             # add L2 header if not yet provided in packet_header
-            if packet_header.getlayer(0).name == 'Ethernet':
-                p = (packet_header /
-                     Raw(payload))
+            if packet_header.getlayer(0).name == "Ethernet":
+                p = packet_header / Raw(payload)
             else:
-                p = (Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac) /
-                     packet_header /
-                     Raw(payload))
+                p = (
+                    Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac)
+                    / packet_header
+                    / Raw(payload)
+                )
             size = packet_sizes[i % len(packet_sizes)]
             self.logger.debug("Packet size %d" % (size))
             self.extend_packet(p, size)
@@ -697,8 +734,7 @@ class TestSRv6As(VppTestCase):
         UDP source port and destination port are 1234
         """
 
-        p = (IPv6(src='1234::1', dst='4321::1') /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234))
+        p = IPv6(src="1234::1", dst="4321::1") / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
         return p
 
     def create_packet_header_IPv6_SRH_IPv6(self, sidlist, segleft):
@@ -715,11 +751,12 @@ class TestSRv6As(VppTestCase):
         UDP source port and destination port are 1234
         """
 
-        p = (IPv6(src='5678::1', dst=sidlist[segleft]) /
-             IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting(addresses=sidlist,
-                                      segleft=segleft, nh=41) /
-             IPv6(src='1234::1', dst='4321::1') /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234))
+        p = (
+            IPv6(src="5678::1", dst=sidlist[segleft])
+            / IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting(addresses=sidlist, segleft=segleft, nh=41)
+            / IPv6(src="1234::1", dst="4321::1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+        )
         return p
 
     def create_packet_header_IPv4(self):
@@ -732,8 +769,7 @@ class TestSRv6As(VppTestCase):
         UDP source port and destination port are 1234
         """
 
-        p = (IP(src='123.1.1.1', dst='124.1.1.1') /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234))
+        p = IP(src="123.1.1.1", dst="124.1.1.1") / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
         return p
 
     def create_packet_header_IPv6_SRH_IPv4(self, sidlist, segleft):
@@ -751,11 +787,12 @@ class TestSRv6As(VppTestCase):
         UDP source port and destination port are 1234
         """
 
-        p = (IPv6(src='1234::1', dst=sidlist[segleft]) /
-             IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting(addresses=sidlist,
-                                      segleft=segleft, nh=4) /
-             IP(src='123.1.1.1', dst='124.1.1.1') /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234))
+        p = (
+            IPv6(src="1234::1", dst=sidlist[segleft])
+            / IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting(addresses=sidlist, segleft=segleft, nh=4)
+            / IP(src="123.1.1.1", dst="124.1.1.1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+        )
         return p
 
     def create_packet_header_L2(self, vlan=0):
@@ -766,7 +803,7 @@ class TestSRv6As(VppTestCase):
         # Note: the dst addr ('00:55:44:33:22:11') is used in
         # the compare function compare_rx_tx_packet_T_Encaps_L2
         # to detect presence of L2 in SRH payload
-        p = Ether(src='00:11:22:33:44:55', dst='00:55:44:33:22:11')
+        p = Ether(src="00:11:22:33:44:55", dst="00:55:44:33:22:11")
         etype = 0x8137  # IPX
         if vlan:
             # add 802.1q layer
@@ -786,7 +823,7 @@ class TestSRv6As(VppTestCase):
         Outer IPv6 destination address is set to sidlist[segleft]
         IPv6 source address is 1234::1
         """
-        eth = Ether(src='00:11:22:33:44:55', dst='00:55:44:33:22:11')
+        eth = Ether(src="00:11:22:33:44:55", dst="00:55:44:33:22:11")
         etype = 0x8137  # IPX
         if vlan:
             # add 802.1q layer
@@ -794,15 +831,15 @@ class TestSRv6As(VppTestCase):
         else:
             eth.type = etype
 
-        p = (IPv6(src='1234::1', dst=sidlist[segleft]) /
-             IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting(addresses=sidlist,
-                                      segleft=segleft, nh=143) /
-             eth)
+        p = (
+            IPv6(src="1234::1", dst=sidlist[segleft])
+            / IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting(addresses=sidlist, segleft=segleft, nh=143)
+            / eth
+        )
         return p
 
     def get_payload_info(self, packet):
-        """ Extract the payload_info from the packet
-        """
+        """Extract the payload_info from the packet"""
         # in most cases, payload_info is in packet[Raw]
         # but packet[Raw] gives the complete payload
         # (incl L2 header) for the T.Encaps L2 case
@@ -814,7 +851,8 @@ class TestSRv6As(VppTestCase):
             # take packet[Raw], convert it to an Ether layer
             # and then extract Raw from it
             payload_info = self.payload_to_info(
-                Ether(scapy.compat.raw(packet[Raw]))[Raw])
+                Ether(scapy.compat.raw(packet[Raw]))[Raw]
+            )
 
         return payload_info
 
@@ -827,8 +865,10 @@ class TestSRv6As(VppTestCase):
         :param capture: captured packets
         :param compare_func: function to compare in and out packet
         """
-        self.logger.info("Verifying capture on interface %s using function %s"
-                         % (dst_if.name, compare_func.__name__))
+        self.logger.info(
+            "Verifying capture on interface %s using function %s"
+            % (dst_if.name, compare_func.__name__)
+        )
 
         last_info = dict()
         for i in self.pg_interfaces:
@@ -841,19 +881,19 @@ class TestSRv6As(VppTestCase):
                 payload_info = self.get_payload_info(packet)
                 packet_index = payload_info.index
 
-                self.logger.debug("Verifying packet with index %d"
-                                  % (packet_index))
+                self.logger.debug("Verifying packet with index %d" % (packet_index))
                 # packet should have arrived on the expected interface
                 self.assertEqual(payload_info.dst, dst_sw_if_index)
                 self.logger.debug(
-                    "Got packet on interface %s: src=%u (idx=%u)" %
-                    (dst_if.name, payload_info.src, packet_index))
+                    "Got packet on interface %s: src=%u (idx=%u)"
+                    % (dst_if.name, payload_info.src, packet_index)
+                )
 
                 # search for payload_info with same src and dst if_index
                 # this will give us the transmitted packet
                 next_info = self.get_next_packet_info_for_interface2(
-                    payload_info.src, dst_sw_if_index,
-                    last_info[payload_info.src])
+                    payload_info.src, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[payload_info.src]
+                )
                 last_info[payload_info.src] = next_info
                 # next_info should not be None
                 self.assertTrue(next_info is not None)
@@ -862,8 +902,9 @@ class TestSRv6As(VppTestCase):
                 # data field of next_info contains the tx packet
                 txed_packet = next_info.data
 
-                self.logger.debug(ppp("Transmitted packet:",
-                                      txed_packet))  # ppp=Pretty Print Packet
+                self.logger.debug(
+                    ppp("Transmitted packet:", txed_packet)
+                )  # ppp=Pretty Print Packet
 
                 self.logger.debug(ppp("Received packet:", packet))
 
@@ -877,11 +918,14 @@ class TestSRv6As(VppTestCase):
         # have all expected packets arrived?
         for i in self.pg_interfaces:
             remaining_packet = self.get_next_packet_info_for_interface2(
-                i.sw_if_index, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[i.sw_if_index])
-            self.assertTrue(remaining_packet is None,
-                            "Interface %s: Packet expected from interface %s "
-                            "didn't arrive" % (dst_if.name, i.name))
+                i.sw_if_index, dst_sw_if_index, last_info[i.sw_if_index]
+            )
+            self.assertTrue(
+                remaining_packet is None,
+                "Interface %s: Packet expected from interface %s "
+                "didn't arrive" % (dst_if.name, i.name),
+            )
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_srv6_mobile.py b/test/test_srv6_mobile.py
index e617acef9ab..33190b84ba0 100644
--- a/test/test_srv6_mobile.py
+++ b/test/test_srv6_mobile.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from scapy.all import *
 
 
 class TestSRv6EndMGTP4E(VppTestCase):
-    """ SRv6 End.M.GTP4.E (SRv6 -> GTP-U) """
+    """SRv6 End.M.GTP4.E (SRv6 -> GTP-U)"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -37,14 +37,12 @@ class TestSRv6EndMGTP4E(VppTestCase):
 
         ip4_dst = IPv4Address(str(self.ip4_dst))
         # 32bit prefix + 32bit IPv4 DA + 8bit + 32bit TEID + 24bit
-        dst = b'\xaa' * 4 + ip4_dst.packed + \
-            b'\x11' + b'\xbb' * 4 + b'\x11' * 3
+        dst = b"\xaa" * 4 + ip4_dst.packed + b"\x11" + b"\xbb" * 4 + b"\x11" * 3
         ip6_dst = IPv6Address(dst)
 
         ip4_src = IPv4Address(str(self.ip4_src))
         # 64bit prefix + 32bit IPv4 SA + 16 bit port + 16bit
-        src = b'\xcc' * 8 + ip4_src.packed + \
-            b'\xdd' * 2 + b'\x11' * 2
+        src = b"\xcc" * 8 + ip4_src.packed + b"\xdd" * 2 + b"\x11" * 2
         ip6_src = IPv6Address(src)
 
         self.logger.info("ip4 dst: {}".format(ip4_dst))
@@ -54,24 +52,26 @@ class TestSRv6EndMGTP4E(VppTestCase):
 
         pkts = list()
         for d, s in inner:
-            pkt = (Ether() /
-                   IPv6(dst=str(ip6_dst), src=str(ip6_src)) /
-                   IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting() /
-                   IPv6(dst=d, src=s) /
-                   UDP(sport=1000, dport=23))
+            pkt = (
+                Ether()
+                / IPv6(dst=str(ip6_dst), src=str(ip6_src))
+                / IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting()
+                / IPv6(dst=d, src=s)
+                / UDP(sport=1000, dport=23)
+            )
             self.logger.info(pkt.show2(dump=True))
             pkts.append(pkt)
 
         return pkts
 
     def test_srv6_mobile(self):
-        """ test_srv6_mobile """
+        """test_srv6_mobile"""
         pkts = self.create_packets([("A::1", "B::1"), ("C::1", "D::1")])
 
         self.vapi.cli(
-            "sr localsid address {} behavior end.m.gtp4.e "
-            .format(pkts[0]['IPv6'].dst) +
-            "v4src_position 64 fib-table 0")
+            "sr localsid address {} behavior end.m.gtp4.e ".format(pkts[0]["IPv6"].dst)
+            + "v4src_position 64 fib-table 0"
+        )
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show sr localsid"))
 
         self.vapi.cli("clear errors")
@@ -89,11 +89,11 @@ class TestSRv6EndMGTP4E(VppTestCase):
             self.logger.info(pkt.show2(dump=True))
             self.assertEqual(pkt[IP].dst, self.ip4_dst)
             self.assertEqual(pkt[IP].src, self.ip4_src)
-            self.assertEqual(pkt[GTP_U_Header].teid, 0xbbbbbbbb)
+            self.assertEqual(pkt[GTP_U_Header].teid, 0xBBBBBBBB)
 
 
 class TestSRv6TMGTP4D(VppTestCase):
-    """ SRv6 T.M.GTP4.D (GTP-U -> SRv6) """
+    """SRv6 T.M.GTP4.D (GTP-U -> SRv6)"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -133,26 +133,29 @@ class TestSRv6TMGTP4D(VppTestCase):
 
         pkts = list()
         for d, s in inner:
-            pkt = (Ether() /
-                   IP(dst=str(ip4_dst), src=str(ip4_src)) /
-                   UDP(sport=2152, dport=2152) /
-                   GTP_U_Header(gtp_type="g_pdu", teid=200) /
-                   IPv6(dst=d, src=s) /
-                   UDP(sport=1000, dport=23))
+            pkt = (
+                Ether()
+                / IP(dst=str(ip4_dst), src=str(ip4_src))
+                / UDP(sport=2152, dport=2152)
+                / GTP_U_Header(gtp_type="g_pdu", teid=200)
+                / IPv6(dst=d, src=s)
+                / UDP(sport=1000, dport=23)
+            )
             self.logger.info(pkt.show2(dump=True))
             pkts.append(pkt)
 
         return pkts
 
     def test_srv6_mobile(self):
-        """ test_srv6_mobile """
+        """test_srv6_mobile"""
         pkts = self.create_packets([("A::1", "B::1"), ("C::1", "D::1")])
 
         self.vapi.cli("set sr encaps source addr A1::1")
         self.vapi.cli("sr policy add bsid D4:: next D2:: next D3::")
         self.vapi.cli(
-            "sr policy add bsid D5:: behavior t.m.gtp4.d D4::/32 " +
-            "v6src_prefix C1::/64 nhtype ipv6 fib-table 0 drop-in")
+            "sr policy add bsid D5:: behavior t.m.gtp4.d D4::/32 "
+            + "v6src_prefix C1::/64 nhtype ipv6 fib-table 0 drop-in"
+        )
         self.vapi.cli("sr steer l3 {}/32 via bsid D5::".format(self.ip4_dst))
         self.vapi.cli("ip route add D2::/32 via {}".format(self.ip6_dst))
 
@@ -172,15 +175,18 @@ class TestSRv6TMGTP4D(VppTestCase):
 
         for pkt in capture:
             self.logger.info(pkt.show2(dump=True))
-            self.logger.info("GTP4.D Address={}".format(
-                str(pkt[IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting].addresses[0])))
+            self.logger.info(
+                "GTP4.D Address={}".format(
+                    str(pkt[IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting].addresses[0])
+                )
+            )
             self.assertEqual(
-                str(pkt[IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting].addresses[0]),
-                "d4:0:101:101::c800:0")
+                str(pkt[IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting].addresses[0]), "d4:0:101:101::c800:0"
+            )
 
 
 class TestSRv6EndMGTP6E(VppTestCase):
-    """ SRv6 End.M.GTP6.E """
+    """SRv6 End.M.GTP6.E"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -205,42 +211,42 @@ class TestSRv6EndMGTP6E(VppTestCase):
 
     def create_packets(self, inner):
         # 64bit prefix + 8bit QFI + 32bit TEID + 24bit
-        dst = b'\xaa' * 8 + b'\x00' + \
-            b'\xbb' * 4 + b'\x00' * 3
+        dst = b"\xaa" * 8 + b"\x00" + b"\xbb" * 4 + b"\x00" * 3
         ip6_dst = IPv6Address(dst)
 
         self.ip6_dst = ip6_dst
 
-        src = b'\xcc' * 8 + \
-            b'\xdd' * 4 + b'\x11' * 4
+        src = b"\xcc" * 8 + b"\xdd" * 4 + b"\x11" * 4
         ip6_src = IPv6Address(src)
 
         self.ip6_src = ip6_src
 
         pkts = list()
         for d, s in inner:
-            pkt = (Ether() /
-                   IPv6(dst=str(ip6_dst),
-                        src=str(ip6_src)) /
-                   IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting(segleft=1,
-                                            lastentry=0,
-                                            tag=0,
-                                            addresses=["a1::1"]) /
-                   IPv6(dst=d, src=s) / UDP(sport=1000, dport=23))
+            pkt = (
+                Ether()
+                / IPv6(dst=str(ip6_dst), src=str(ip6_src))
+                / IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting(
+                    segleft=1, lastentry=0, tag=0, addresses=["a1::1"]
+                )
+                / IPv6(dst=d, src=s)
+                / UDP(sport=1000, dport=23)
+            )
             self.logger.info(pkt.show2(dump=True))
             pkts.append(pkt)
 
         return pkts
 
     def test_srv6_mobile(self):
-        """ test_srv6_mobile """
+        """test_srv6_mobile"""
         pkts = self.create_packets([("A::1", "B::1"), ("C::1", "D::1")])
 
         self.vapi.cli(
-            "sr localsid prefix {}/64 behavior end.m.gtp6.e fib-table 0"
-            .format(pkts[0]['IPv6'].dst))
-        self.vapi.cli(
-            "ip route add a1::/64 via {}".format(self.ip6_nhop))
+            "sr localsid prefix {}/64 behavior end.m.gtp6.e fib-table 0".format(
+                pkts[0]["IPv6"].dst
+            )
+        )
+        self.vapi.cli("ip route add a1::/64 via {}".format(self.ip6_nhop))
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show sr localsid"))
 
         self.vapi.cli("clear errors")
@@ -258,11 +264,11 @@ class TestSRv6EndMGTP6E(VppTestCase):
             self.logger.info(pkt.show2(dump=True))
             self.assertEqual(pkt[IPv6].dst, "a1::1")
             self.assertEqual(pkt[IPv6].src, str(self.ip6_src))
-            self.assertEqual(pkt[GTP_U_Header].teid, 0xbbbbbbbb)
+            self.assertEqual(pkt[GTP_U_Header].teid, 0xBBBBBBBB)
 
 
 class TestSRv6EndMGTP6D(VppTestCase):
-    """ SRv6 End.M.GTP6.D """
+    """SRv6 End.M.GTP6.D"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -299,26 +305,29 @@ class TestSRv6EndMGTP6D(VppTestCase):
 
         pkts = list()
         for d, s in inner:
-            pkt = (Ether() /
-                   IPv6(dst=str(ip6_dst), src=str(ip6_src)) /
-                   UDP(sport=2152, dport=2152) /
-                   GTP_U_Header(gtp_type="g_pdu", teid=200) /
-                   IPv6(dst=d, src=s) /
-                   UDP(sport=1000, dport=23))
+            pkt = (
+                Ether()
+                / IPv6(dst=str(ip6_dst), src=str(ip6_src))
+                / UDP(sport=2152, dport=2152)
+                / GTP_U_Header(gtp_type="g_pdu", teid=200)
+                / IPv6(dst=d, src=s)
+                / UDP(sport=1000, dport=23)
+            )
             self.logger.info(pkt.show2(dump=True))
             pkts.append(pkt)
 
         return pkts
 
     def test_srv6_mobile(self):
-        """ test_srv6_mobile """
+        """test_srv6_mobile"""
         pkts = self.create_packets([("A::1", "B::1"), ("C::1", "D::1")])
 
         self.vapi.cli("set sr encaps source addr A1::1")
         self.vapi.cli("sr policy add bsid D4:: next D2:: next D3::")
         self.vapi.cli(
-            "sr localsid prefix 2001::/64 behavior end.m.gtp6.d " +
-            "D4::/64 fib-table 0 drop-in")
+            "sr localsid prefix 2001::/64 behavior end.m.gtp6.d "
+            + "D4::/64 fib-table 0 drop-in"
+        )
         self.vapi.cli("ip route add D2::/64 via {}".format(self.ip6_nhop))
 
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show sr policies"))
@@ -337,11 +346,13 @@ class TestSRv6EndMGTP6D(VppTestCase):
 
         for pkt in capture:
             self.logger.info(pkt.show2(dump=True))
-            self.logger.info("GTP6.D SID0={}".format(
-                str(pkt[IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting].addresses[0])))
-            self.logger.info("GTP6.D SID1={}".format(
-                str(pkt[IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting].addresses[1])))
+            self.logger.info(
+                "GTP6.D SID0={}".format(str(pkt[IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting].addresses[0]))
+            )
+            self.logger.info(
+                "GTP6.D SID1={}".format(str(pkt[IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting].addresses[1]))
+            )
+            self.assertEqual(str(pkt[IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting].addresses[0]), "2001::1")
             self.assertEqual(
-                str(pkt[IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting].addresses[0]), "2001::1")
-            self.assertEqual(
-                str(pkt[IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting].addresses[1]), "d4::c800:0")
+                str(pkt[IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting].addresses[1]), "d4::c800:0"
+            )
diff --git a/test/test_srv6_un.py b/test/test_srv6_un.py
index 73285bbac87..22a3c486584 100644
--- a/test/test_srv6_un.py
+++ b/test/test_srv6_un.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from scapy.all import *
 
 
 class TestSRv6uSIDSRH(VppTestCase):
-    """ SRv6 End.uSID w/ SRH """
+    """SRv6 End.uSID w/ SRH"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -45,30 +45,30 @@ class TestSRv6uSIDSRH(VppTestCase):
 
         pkts = list()
         for d, s in inner:
-            pkt = (Ether() /
-                   IPv6(dst=str(ip6_dst), src=str(ip6_src)) /
-                   IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting(segleft=1,
-                                            lastentry=0,
-                                            tag=0,
-                                            addresses=[
-                                                "a1::1",
-                                                "1111:2222:aaaa:bbbb::"]) /
-                   IPv6(dst=d, src=s) /
-                   UDP(sport=1000, dport=23))
+            pkt = (
+                Ether()
+                / IPv6(dst=str(ip6_dst), src=str(ip6_src))
+                / IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting(
+                    segleft=1,
+                    lastentry=0,
+                    tag=0,
+                    addresses=["a1::1", "1111:2222:aaaa:bbbb::"],
+                )
+                / IPv6(dst=d, src=s)
+                / UDP(sport=1000, dport=23)
+            )
             self.logger.info(pkt.show2(dump=True))
             pkts.append(pkt)
 
         return pkts
 
     def test_srv6_usid_srh(self):
-        """ test_srv6_usid_srh """
+        """test_srv6_usid_srh"""
         pkts = self.create_packets([("A::1", "B::1"), ("C::1", "D::1")])
 
         self.vapi.cli("set sr encaps source addr A1::1")
-        self.vapi.cli(
-            "sr localsid prefix 1111:2222:aaaa::/48 behavior un 16")
-        self.vapi.cli(
-            "ip route add 1111:2222:bbbb::/48 via {}".format(self.ip6_nhop))
+        self.vapi.cli("sr localsid prefix 1111:2222:aaaa::/48 behavior un 16")
+        self.vapi.cli("ip route add 1111:2222:bbbb::/48 via {}".format(self.ip6_nhop))
 
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show sr localsids"))
 
@@ -85,12 +85,11 @@ class TestSRv6uSIDSRH(VppTestCase):
 
         for pkt in capture:
             self.logger.info(pkt.show2(dump=True))
-            self.assertEqual(
-                    pkt[IPv6].dst, "1111:2222:bbbb:cccc:dddd:eeee:ffff:0")
+            self.assertEqual(pkt[IPv6].dst, "1111:2222:bbbb:cccc:dddd:eeee:ffff:0")
 
 
 class TestSRv6uSID(VppTestCase):
-    """ SRv6 End.uSID w/o SRH """
+    """SRv6 End.uSID w/o SRH"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -127,24 +126,24 @@ class TestSRv6uSID(VppTestCase):
 
         pkts = list()
         for d, s in inner:
-            pkt = (Ether() /
-                   IPv6(dst=str(ip6_dst), src=str(ip6_src)) /
-                   IPv6(dst=d, src=s) /
-                   UDP(sport=1000, dport=23))
+            pkt = (
+                Ether()
+                / IPv6(dst=str(ip6_dst), src=str(ip6_src))
+                / IPv6(dst=d, src=s)
+                / UDP(sport=1000, dport=23)
+            )
             self.logger.info(pkt.show2(dump=True))
             pkts.append(pkt)
 
         return pkts
 
     def test_srv6_usid(self):
-        """ test_srv6_usid """
+        """test_srv6_usid"""
         pkts = self.create_packets([("A::1", "B::1"), ("C::1", "D::1")])
 
         self.vapi.cli("set sr encaps source addr A1::1")
-        self.vapi.cli(
-            "sr localsid prefix 1111:2222:aaaa::/48 behavior un 16")
-        self.vapi.cli(
-            "ip route add 1111:2222:bbbb::/48 via {}".format(self.ip6_nhop))
+        self.vapi.cli("sr localsid prefix 1111:2222:aaaa::/48 behavior un 16")
+        self.vapi.cli("ip route add 1111:2222:bbbb::/48 via {}".format(self.ip6_nhop))
 
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show sr localsids"))
 
@@ -161,12 +160,11 @@ class TestSRv6uSID(VppTestCase):
 
         for pkt in capture:
             self.logger.info(pkt.show2(dump=True))
-            self.assertEqual(
-                    pkt[IPv6].dst, "1111:2222:bbbb:cccc:dddd:eeee:ffff:0")
+            self.assertEqual(pkt[IPv6].dst, "1111:2222:bbbb:cccc:dddd:eeee:ffff:0")
 
 
 class TestSRv6uSIDFlexSRH(VppTestCase):
-    """ SRv6 End.uSID.Flex w/ SRH """
+    """SRv6 End.uSID.Flex w/ SRH"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -203,30 +201,30 @@ class TestSRv6uSIDFlexSRH(VppTestCase):
 
         pkts = list()
         for d, s in inner:
-            pkt = (Ether() /
-                   IPv6(dst=str(ip6_dst), src=str(ip6_src)) /
-                   IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting(segleft=1,
-                                            lastentry=0,
-                                            tag=0,
-                                            addresses=[
-                                                "a1::1",
-                                                "1111:2222:aaaa:bbbb::"]) /
-                   IPv6(dst=d, src=s) /
-                   UDP(sport=1000, dport=23))
+            pkt = (
+                Ether()
+                / IPv6(dst=str(ip6_dst), src=str(ip6_src))
+                / IPv6ExtHdrSegmentRouting(
+                    segleft=1,
+                    lastentry=0,
+                    tag=0,
+                    addresses=["a1::1", "1111:2222:aaaa:bbbb::"],
+                )
+                / IPv6(dst=d, src=s)
+                / UDP(sport=1000, dport=23)
+            )
             self.logger.info(pkt.show2(dump=True))
             pkts.append(pkt)
 
         return pkts
 
     def test_srv6_usid_flex_srh(self):
-        """ test_srv6_usid_flex_srh """
+        """test_srv6_usid_flex_srh"""
         pkts = self.create_packets([("A::1", "B::1"), ("C::1", "D::1")])
 
         self.vapi.cli("set sr encaps source addr A1::1")
-        self.vapi.cli(
-            "sr localsid prefix 1111:2222:aaaa::/48 behavior un.flex 16")
-        self.vapi.cli(
-            "ip route add 1111:2222:bbbb::/48 via {}".format(self.ip6_nhop))
+        self.vapi.cli("sr localsid prefix 1111:2222:aaaa::/48 behavior un.flex 16")
+        self.vapi.cli("ip route add 1111:2222:bbbb::/48 via {}".format(self.ip6_nhop))
 
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show sr localsids"))
 
@@ -243,12 +241,11 @@ class TestSRv6uSIDFlexSRH(VppTestCase):
 
         for pkt in capture:
             self.logger.info(pkt.show2(dump=True))
-            self.assertEqual(
-                    pkt[IPv6].dst, "1111:2222:bbbb:cccc:dddd:eeee:ffff:0")
+            self.assertEqual(pkt[IPv6].dst, "1111:2222:bbbb:cccc:dddd:eeee:ffff:0")
 
 
 class TestSRv6uSIDFlex(VppTestCase):
-    """ SRv6 End.uSID.Flex w/o SRH """
+    """SRv6 End.uSID.Flex w/o SRH"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -285,24 +282,24 @@ class TestSRv6uSIDFlex(VppTestCase):
 
         pkts = list()
         for d, s in inner:
-            pkt = (Ether() /
-                   IPv6(dst=str(ip6_dst), src=str(ip6_src)) /
-                   IPv6(dst=d, src=s) /
-                   UDP(sport=1000, dport=23))
+            pkt = (
+                Ether()
+                / IPv6(dst=str(ip6_dst), src=str(ip6_src))
+                / IPv6(dst=d, src=s)
+                / UDP(sport=1000, dport=23)
+            )
             self.logger.info(pkt.show2(dump=True))
             pkts.append(pkt)
 
         return pkts
 
     def test_srv6_usid_flex(self):
-        """ test_srv6_usid_flex """
+        """test_srv6_usid_flex"""
         pkts = self.create_packets([("A::1", "B::1"), ("C::1", "D::1")])
 
         self.vapi.cli("set sr encaps source addr A1::1")
-        self.vapi.cli(
-            "sr localsid prefix 1111:2222:aaaa::/48 behavior un.flex 16")
-        self.vapi.cli(
-            "ip route add 1111:2222:bbbb::/48 via {}".format(self.ip6_nhop))
+        self.vapi.cli("sr localsid prefix 1111:2222:aaaa::/48 behavior un.flex 16")
+        self.vapi.cli("ip route add 1111:2222:bbbb::/48 via {}".format(self.ip6_nhop))
 
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show sr localsids"))
 
@@ -319,5 +316,4 @@ class TestSRv6uSIDFlex(VppTestCase):
 
         for pkt in capture:
             self.logger.info(pkt.show2(dump=True))
-            self.assertEqual(
-                    pkt[IPv6].dst, "1111:2222:bbbb:cccc:dddd:eeee:ffff:0")
+            self.assertEqual(pkt[IPv6].dst, "1111:2222:bbbb:cccc:dddd:eeee:ffff:0")
diff --git a/test/test_stats_client.py b/test/test_stats_client.py
index f3db2ef3b2e..7b62b292853 100644
--- a/test/test_stats_client.py
+++ b/test/test_stats_client.py
@@ -32,7 +32,8 @@ class StatsClientTestCase(VppTestCase):
         """Test set errors"""
         self.assertEqual(self.statistics.set_errors(), {})
         self.assertEqual(
-            self.statistics.get_counter('/err/ethernet-input/no error'), [0])
+            self.statistics.get_counter("/err/ethernet-input/no error"), [0]
+        )
 
     def test_client_fd_leak(self):
         """Test file descriptor count - VPP-1486"""
@@ -46,11 +47,13 @@ class StatsClientTestCase(VppTestCase):
             stats.disconnect()
 
         ending_fds = p.num_fds()
-        self.assertEqual(initial_fds, ending_fds,
-                         "initial client side file descriptor count: %s "
-                         "is not equal to "
-                         "ending client side file descriptor count: %s" % (
-                             initial_fds, ending_fds))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            initial_fds,
+            ending_fds,
+            "initial client side file descriptor count: %s "
+            "is not equal to "
+            "ending client side file descriptor count: %s" % (initial_fds, ending_fds),
+        )
 
     def test_symlink_values(self):
         """Test symlinks reported values"""
@@ -63,16 +66,16 @@ class StatsClientTestCase(VppTestCase):
 
         p = list()
         for i in range(5):
-            packet = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                      IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4))
+            packet = Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) / IP(
+                src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4
+            )
             p.append(packet)
 
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg1)
-        pg1_tx = self.statistics.get_counter('/interfaces/pg1/tx')
-        if_tx = self.statistics.get_counter('/if/tx')
+        pg1_tx = self.statistics.get_counter("/interfaces/pg1/tx")
+        if_tx = self.statistics.get_counter("/if/tx")
 
-        self.assertEqual(pg1_tx[0]['bytes'],
-                         if_tx[0][self.pg1.sw_if_index]['bytes'])
+        self.assertEqual(pg1_tx[0]["bytes"], if_tx[0][self.pg1.sw_if_index]["bytes"])
         for i in self.pg_interfaces:
             i.unconfig()
             i.admin_down()
@@ -93,31 +96,28 @@ class StatsClientTestCase(VppTestCase):
         p = list()
         bytes_to_send = 0
         for i in range(5):
-            packet = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                      IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4))
+            packet = Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) / IP(
+                src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4
+            )
             bytes_to_send += len(packet)
             p.append(packet)
 
-        tx_before_sending = self.statistics.get_counter('/interfaces/pg1/tx')
-        rx_before_sending = self.statistics.get_counter('/interfaces/pg0/rx')
+        tx_before_sending = self.statistics.get_counter("/interfaces/pg1/tx")
+        rx_before_sending = self.statistics.get_counter("/interfaces/pg0/rx")
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg1)
-        tx = self.statistics.get_counter('/interfaces/pg1/tx')
-        rx = self.statistics.get_counter('/interfaces/pg0/rx')
+        tx = self.statistics.get_counter("/interfaces/pg1/tx")
+        rx = self.statistics.get_counter("/interfaces/pg0/rx")
 
         # We wait for nodes symlinks to update (interfaces created/deleted).
         # ... and packets to be sent
         self.sleep(0.1)
-        vectors = self.statistics.get_counter('/nodes/pg1-tx/vectors')
+        vectors = self.statistics.get_counter("/nodes/pg1-tx/vectors")
 
-        self.assertEqual(tx[0]['bytes'] - tx_before_sending[0]['bytes'],
-                         bytes_to_send)
-        self.assertEqual(tx[0]['packets'] - tx_before_sending[0]['packets'],
-                         5)
-        self.assertEqual(rx[0]['bytes'] - rx_before_sending[0]['bytes'],
-                         bytes_to_send)
-        self.assertEqual(rx[0]['packets'] - rx_before_sending[0]['packets'],
-                         5)
-        self.assertEqual(vectors[0], rx[0]['packets'])
+        self.assertEqual(tx[0]["bytes"] - tx_before_sending[0]["bytes"], bytes_to_send)
+        self.assertEqual(tx[0]["packets"] - tx_before_sending[0]["packets"], 5)
+        self.assertEqual(rx[0]["bytes"] - rx_before_sending[0]["bytes"], bytes_to_send)
+        self.assertEqual(rx[0]["packets"] - rx_before_sending[0]["packets"], 5)
+        self.assertEqual(vectors[0], rx[0]["packets"])
 
         for i in self.pg_interfaces:
             i.unconfig()
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ class StatsClientTestCase(VppTestCase):
 
     def test_index_consistency(self):
         """Test index consistency despite changes in the stats"""
-        d = self.statistics.ls(['/if/names'])
+        d = self.statistics.ls(["/if/names"])
         self.create_loopback_interfaces(10)
         for i in range(10):
             try:
@@ -142,22 +142,21 @@ class StatsClientTestCase(VppTestCase):
     @unittest.skip("Manual only")
     def test_mem_leak(self):
         def loop():
-            print('Running loop')
+            print("Running loop")
             for i in range(50):
                 rv = self.vapi.papi.tap_create_v2(id=i, use_random_mac=1)
                 self.assertEqual(rv.retval, 0)
                 rv = self.vapi.papi.tap_delete_v2(sw_if_index=rv.sw_if_index)
                 self.assertEqual(rv.retval, 0)
 
-        before = self.statistics.get_counter('/mem/statseg/used')
+        before = self.statistics.get_counter("/mem/statseg/used")
         loop()
         self.vapi.cli("memory-trace on stats-segment")
         for j in range(100):
             loop()
         print(self.vapi.cli("show memory stats-segment verbose"))
-        print('AFTER', before,
-              self.statistics.get_counter('/mem/statseg/used'))
+        print("AFTER", before, self.statistics.get_counter("/mem/statseg/used"))
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_string.py b/test/test_string.py
index c507c7559ca..866a6597107 100644
--- a/test/test_string.py
+++ b/test/test_string.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from vpp_ip_route import VppIpTable, VppIpRoute, VppRoutePath
 
 
 class TestString(VppTestCase):
-    """ String Test Cases """
+    """String Test Cases"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -24,15 +24,30 @@ class TestString(VppTestCase):
         super(TestString, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_string_unittest(self):
-        """ String unit tests """
-        names = ["memcpy_s",
-                 "clib_memcmp", "clib_memcpy", "clib_memset",
-                 "clib_strcmp", "clib_strncmp", "clib_strncpy",
-                 "clib_strnlen", "clib_strtok",
-                 "memcmp_s", "memcpy_s", "memset_s ",
-                 "strcat_s", "strcmp_s", "strcpy_s",
-                 "strncat_s", "strncmp_s", "strncpy_s",
-                 "strnlen_s", "strstr_s", "strtok_s"]
+        """String unit tests"""
+        names = [
+            "memcpy_s",
+            "clib_memcmp",
+            "clib_memcpy",
+            "clib_memset",
+            "clib_strcmp",
+            "clib_strncmp",
+            "clib_strncpy",
+            "clib_strnlen",
+            "clib_strtok",
+            "memcmp_s",
+            "memcpy_s",
+            "memset_s ",
+            "strcat_s",
+            "strcmp_s",
+            "strcpy_s",
+            "strncat_s",
+            "strncmp_s",
+            "strncpy_s",
+            "strnlen_s",
+            "strstr_s",
+            "strtok_s",
+        ]
 
         for name in names:
             error = self.vapi.cli("test string " + name)
@@ -41,5 +56,5 @@ class TestString(VppTestCase):
                 self.assertNotIn("failed", error)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_svs.py b/test/test_svs.py
index db4ad8078e0..91603966453 100644
--- a/test/test_svs.py
+++ b/test/test_svs.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ NUM_PKTS = 67
 
 
 class TestSVS(VppTestCase):
-    """ SVS Test Case """
+    """SVS Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -61,35 +61,51 @@ class TestSVS(VppTestCase):
         super(TestSVS, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_svs4(self):
-        """ Source VRF Select IP4 """
+        """Source VRF Select IP4"""
 
         #
         # packets destined out of the 3 non-default table interfaces
         #
-        pkts_0 = [(Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                   IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-                   UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                   Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)),
-                  (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                   IP(src="2.2.2.2", dst=self.pg2.remote_ip4) /
-                   UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                   Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)),
-                  (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                   IP(src="3.3.3.3", dst=self.pg3.remote_ip4) /
-                   UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                   Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))]
-        pkts_1 = [(Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-                   IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-                   UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                   Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)),
-                  (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-                   IP(src="2.2.2.2", dst=self.pg2.remote_ip4) /
-                   UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                   Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)),
-                  (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-                   IP(src="3.3.3.3", dst=self.pg3.remote_ip4) /
-                   UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                   Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))]
+        pkts_0 = [
+            (
+                Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+                / IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            ),
+            (
+                Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+                / IP(src="2.2.2.2", dst=self.pg2.remote_ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            ),
+            (
+                Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+                / IP(src="3.3.3.3", dst=self.pg3.remote_ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            ),
+        ]
+        pkts_1 = [
+            (
+                Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+                / IP(src="1.1.1.1", dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            ),
+            (
+                Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+                / IP(src="2.2.2.2", dst=self.pg2.remote_ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            ),
+            (
+                Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+                / IP(src="3.3.3.3", dst=self.pg3.remote_ip4)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            ),
+        ]
 
         #
         # before adding the SVS config all these packets are dropped when
@@ -108,7 +124,8 @@ class TestSVS(VppTestCase):
             self.vapi.svs_table_add_del(
                 is_add=1,
                 af=VppEnum.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP4,
-                table_id=table_id)
+                table_id=table_id,
+            )
 
             #
             # map X.0.0.0/8 to each SVS table for lookup in table X
@@ -118,7 +135,8 @@ class TestSVS(VppTestCase):
                     is_add=1,
                     prefix="%d.0.0.0/8" % i,
                     table_id=table_id,
-                    source_table_id=i)
+                    source_table_id=i,
+                )
 
         #
         # Enable SVS on pg0/pg1 using table 1001/1002
@@ -127,12 +145,14 @@ class TestSVS(VppTestCase):
             is_enable=1,
             af=VppEnum.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP4,
             table_id=table_ids[0],
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+        )
         self.vapi.svs_enable_disable(
             is_enable=1,
             af=VppEnum.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP4,
             table_id=table_ids[1],
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+        )
 
         #
         # now all the packets should be delivered out the respective interface
@@ -148,16 +168,20 @@ class TestSVS(VppTestCase):
         # check that if the SVS lookup does not match a route the packet
         # is forwarded using the interface's routing table
         #
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * NUM_PKTS, self.pg0)
 
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p * NUM_PKTS, self.pg1)
 
         #
@@ -179,12 +203,14 @@ class TestSVS(VppTestCase):
             is_enable=0,
             af=VppEnum.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP4,
             table_id=table_ids[0],
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+        )
         self.vapi.svs_enable_disable(
             is_enable=0,
             af=VppEnum.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP4,
             table_id=table_ids[1],
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+        )
 
         for table_id in table_ids:
             for i in range(1, 4):
@@ -192,43 +218,61 @@ class TestSVS(VppTestCase):
                     is_add=0,
                     prefix="%d.0.0.0/8" % i,
                     table_id=table_id,
-                    source_table_id=0)
+                    source_table_id=0,
+                )
 
             self.vapi.svs_table_add_del(
                 is_add=0,
                 af=VppEnum.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP4,
-                table_id=table_id)
+                table_id=table_id,
+            )
 
     def test_svs6(self):
-        """ Source VRF Select IP6 """
+        """Source VRF Select IP6"""
 
         #
         # packets destined out of the 3 non-default table interfaces
         #
-        pkts_0 = [(Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                   IPv6(src="2001:1::1", dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6) /
-                   UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                   Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)),
-                  (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                   IPv6(src="2001:2::1", dst=self.pg2.remote_ip6) /
-                   UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                   Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)),
-                  (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                   IPv6(src="2001:3::1", dst=self.pg3.remote_ip6) /
-                   UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                   Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))]
-        pkts_1 = [(Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-                   IPv6(src="2001:1::1", dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6) /
-                   UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                   Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)),
-                  (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-                   IPv6(src="2001:2::1", dst=self.pg2.remote_ip6) /
-                   UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                   Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)),
-                  (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-                   IPv6(src="2001:3::1", dst=self.pg3.remote_ip6) /
-                   UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                   Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))]
+        pkts_0 = [
+            (
+                Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+                / IPv6(src="2001:1::1", dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            ),
+            (
+                Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+                / IPv6(src="2001:2::1", dst=self.pg2.remote_ip6)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            ),
+            (
+                Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+                / IPv6(src="2001:3::1", dst=self.pg3.remote_ip6)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            ),
+        ]
+        pkts_1 = [
+            (
+                Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+                / IPv6(src="2001:1::1", dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            ),
+            (
+                Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+                / IPv6(src="2001:2::1", dst=self.pg2.remote_ip6)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            ),
+            (
+                Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+                / IPv6(src="2001:3::1", dst=self.pg3.remote_ip6)
+                / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+                / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+            ),
+        ]
 
         #
         # before adding the SVS config all these packets are dropped when
@@ -247,7 +291,8 @@ class TestSVS(VppTestCase):
             self.vapi.svs_table_add_del(
                 is_add=1,
                 af=VppEnum.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP6,
-                table_id=table_id)
+                table_id=table_id,
+            )
 
             #
             # map X.0.0.0/8 to each SVS table for lookup in table X
@@ -257,7 +302,8 @@ class TestSVS(VppTestCase):
                     is_add=1,
                     prefix="2001:%d::/32" % i,
                     table_id=table_id,
-                    source_table_id=i)
+                    source_table_id=i,
+                )
 
         #
         # Enable SVS on pg0/pg1 using table 1001/1002
@@ -266,12 +312,14 @@ class TestSVS(VppTestCase):
             is_enable=1,
             af=VppEnum.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP6,
             table_id=table_ids[0],
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+        )
         self.vapi.svs_enable_disable(
             is_enable=1,
             af=VppEnum.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP6,
             table_id=table_ids[1],
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+        )
 
         #
         # now all the packets should be delivered out the respective interface
@@ -287,16 +335,20 @@ class TestSVS(VppTestCase):
         # check that if the SVS lookup does not match a route the packet
         # is forwarded using the interface's routing table
         #
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * NUM_PKTS, self.pg0)
 
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.pg1.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg1.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p * NUM_PKTS, self.pg1)
 
         #
@@ -318,12 +370,14 @@ class TestSVS(VppTestCase):
             is_enable=0,
             af=VppEnum.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP6,
             table_id=table_ids[0],
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+        )
         self.vapi.svs_enable_disable(
             is_enable=0,
             af=VppEnum.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP6,
             table_id=table_ids[1],
-            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+        )
 
         for table_id in table_ids:
             for i in range(1, 4):
@@ -331,12 +385,15 @@ class TestSVS(VppTestCase):
                     is_add=0,
                     prefix="2001:%d::/32" % i,
                     table_id=table_id,
-                    source_table_id=0)
+                    source_table_id=0,
+                )
 
             self.vapi.svs_table_add_del(
                 is_add=0,
                 af=VppEnum.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP6,
-                table_id=table_id)
+                table_id=table_id,
+            )
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_syslog.py b/test/test_syslog.py
index b084a1d1846..b84c89c57d0 100644
--- a/test/test_syslog.py
+++ b/test/test_syslog.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ from vpp_papi import VppEnum
 
 
 class TestSyslog(VppTestCase):
-    """ Syslog Protocol Test Cases """
+    """Syslog Protocol Test Cases"""
 
     @property
     def SYSLOG_SEVERITY(self):
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class TestSyslog(VppTestCase):
         super(TestSyslog, cls).setUpClass()
 
         try:
-            cls.pg0, = cls.create_pg_interfaces(range(1))
+            (cls.pg0,) = cls.create_pg_interfaces(range(1))
             cls.pg0.admin_up()
             cls.pg0.config_ip4()
             cls.pg0.resolve_arp()
@@ -35,8 +35,7 @@ class TestSyslog(VppTestCase):
     def tearDownClass(cls):
         super(TestSyslog, cls).tearDownClass()
 
-    def syslog_generate(self, facility, severity, appname, msgid, sd=None,
-                        msg=None):
+    def syslog_generate(self, facility, severity, appname, msgid, sd=None, msg=None):
         """
         Generate syslog message
 
@@ -47,20 +46,50 @@ class TestSyslog(VppTestCase):
         :param sd: structured data (optional)
         :param msg: free-form message (optional)
         """
-        facility_str = ['kernel', 'user-level', 'mail-system',
-                        'system-daemons', 'security-authorization', 'syslogd',
-                        'line-printer', 'network-news', 'uucp', 'clock-daemon',
-                        '', 'ftp-daemon', 'ntp-subsystem', 'log-audit',
-                        'log-alert', '', 'local0', 'local1', 'local2',
-                        'local3', 'local4', 'local5', 'local6', 'local7']
+        facility_str = [
+            "kernel",
+            "user-level",
+            "mail-system",
+            "system-daemons",
+            "security-authorization",
+            "syslogd",
+            "line-printer",
+            "network-news",
+            "uucp",
+            "clock-daemon",
+            "",
+            "ftp-daemon",
+            "ntp-subsystem",
+            "log-audit",
+            "log-alert",
+            "",
+            "local0",
+            "local1",
+            "local2",
+            "local3",
+            "local4",
+            "local5",
+            "local6",
+            "local7",
+        ]
 
-        severity_str = ['emergency', 'alert', 'critical', 'error', 'warning',
-                        'notice', 'informational', 'debug']
+        severity_str = [
+            "emergency",
+            "alert",
+            "critical",
+            "error",
+            "warning",
+            "notice",
+            "informational",
+            "debug",
+        ]
 
-        cli_str = "test syslog %s %s %s %s" % (facility_str[facility],
-                                               severity_str[severity],
-                                               appname,
-                                               msgid)
+        cli_str = "test syslog %s %s %s %s" % (
+            facility_str[facility],
+            severity_str[severity],
+            appname,
+            msgid,
+        )
         if sd is not None:
             for sd_id, sd_params in sd.items():
                 cli_str += " sd-id %s" % (sd_id)
@@ -70,8 +99,9 @@ class TestSyslog(VppTestCase):
             cli_str += " %s" % (msg)
         self.vapi.cli(cli_str)
 
-    def syslog_verify(self, data, facility, severity, appname, msgid, sd=None,
-                      msg=None):
+    def syslog_verify(
+        self, data, facility, severity, appname, msgid, sd=None, msg=None
+    ):
         """
         Verify syslog message
 
@@ -83,7 +113,7 @@ class TestSyslog(VppTestCase):
         :param sd: structured data (optional)
         :param msg: free-form message (optional)
         """
-        message = data.decode('utf-8')
+        message = data.decode("utf-8")
         if sd is None:
             sd = {}
         try:
@@ -102,35 +132,32 @@ class TestSyslog(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(message.hostname, self.pg0.local_ip4)
 
     def test_syslog(self):
-        """ Syslog Protocol test """
-        self.vapi.syslog_set_sender(src_address=self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                    collector_address=self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        """Syslog Protocol test"""
+        self.vapi.syslog_set_sender(
+            src_address=self.pg0.local_ip4, collector_address=self.pg0.remote_ip4
+        )
         config = self.vapi.syslog_get_sender()
-        self.assertEqual(str(config.collector_address),
-                         self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        self.assertEqual(str(config.collector_address), self.pg0.remote_ip4)
         self.assertEqual(config.collector_port, 514)
         self.assertEqual(str(config.src_address), self.pg0.local_ip4)
         self.assertEqual(config.vrf_id, 0)
         self.assertEqual(config.max_msg_size, 480)
 
-        appname = 'test'
-        msgid = 'testMsg'
-        msg = 'this is message'
-        sd1 = {'exampleSDID@32473': {'iut': '3',
-                                     'eventSource': 'App',
-                                     'eventID': '1011'}}
-        sd2 = {'exampleSDID@32473': {'iut': '3',
-                                     'eventSource': 'App',
-                                     'eventID': '1011'},
-               'examplePriority@32473': {'class': 'high'}}
+        appname = "test"
+        msgid = "testMsg"
+        msg = "this is message"
+        sd1 = {
+            "exampleSDID@32473": {"iut": "3", "eventSource": "App", "eventID": "1011"}
+        }
+        sd2 = {
+            "exampleSDID@32473": {"iut": "3", "eventSource": "App", "eventID": "1011"},
+            "examplePriority@32473": {"class": "high"},
+        }
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
-        self.syslog_generate(SyslogFacility.local7,
-                             SyslogSeverity.info,
-                             appname,
-                             msgid,
-                             None,
-                             msg)
+        self.syslog_generate(
+            SyslogFacility.local7, SyslogSeverity.info, appname, msgid, None, msg
+        )
         capture = self.pg0.get_capture(1)
         try:
             self.assertEqual(capture[0][IP].src, self.pg0.local_ip4)
@@ -140,71 +167,66 @@ class TestSyslog(VppTestCase):
         except:
             self.logger.error(ppp("invalid packet:", capture[0]))
             raise
-        self.syslog_verify(capture[0][Raw].load,
-                           SyslogFacility.local7,
-                           SyslogSeverity.info,
-                           appname,
-                           msgid,
-                           None,
-                           msg)
+        self.syslog_verify(
+            capture[0][Raw].load,
+            SyslogFacility.local7,
+            SyslogSeverity.info,
+            appname,
+            msgid,
+            None,
+            msg,
+        )
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
-        self.vapi.syslog_set_filter(
-            self.SYSLOG_SEVERITY.SYSLOG_API_SEVERITY_WARN)
+        self.vapi.syslog_set_filter(self.SYSLOG_SEVERITY.SYSLOG_API_SEVERITY_WARN)
         filter = self.vapi.syslog_get_filter()
-        self.assertEqual(filter.severity,
-                         self.SYSLOG_SEVERITY.SYSLOG_API_SEVERITY_WARN)
-        self.syslog_generate(SyslogFacility.local7,
-                             SyslogSeverity.info,
-                             appname,
-                             msgid,
-                             None,
-                             msg)
+        self.assertEqual(filter.severity, self.SYSLOG_SEVERITY.SYSLOG_API_SEVERITY_WARN)
+        self.syslog_generate(
+            SyslogFacility.local7, SyslogSeverity.info, appname, msgid, None, msg
+        )
         self.pg0.assert_nothing_captured()
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
-        self.syslog_generate(SyslogFacility.local6,
-                             SyslogSeverity.warning,
-                             appname,
-                             msgid,
-                             sd1,
-                             msg)
+        self.syslog_generate(
+            SyslogFacility.local6, SyslogSeverity.warning, appname, msgid, sd1, msg
+        )
         capture = self.pg0.get_capture(1)
-        self.syslog_verify(capture[0][Raw].load,
-                           SyslogFacility.local6,
-                           SyslogSeverity.warning,
-                           appname,
-                           msgid,
-                           sd1,
-                           msg)
+        self.syslog_verify(
+            capture[0][Raw].load,
+            SyslogFacility.local6,
+            SyslogSeverity.warning,
+            appname,
+            msgid,
+            sd1,
+            msg,
+        )
 
-        self.vapi.syslog_set_sender(self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                    self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                    collector_port=12345)
+        self.vapi.syslog_set_sender(
+            self.pg0.local_ip4, self.pg0.remote_ip4, collector_port=12345
+        )
         config = self.vapi.syslog_get_sender()
         self.assertEqual(config.collector_port, 12345)
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
-        self.syslog_generate(SyslogFacility.local5,
-                             SyslogSeverity.err,
-                             appname,
-                             msgid,
-                             sd2,
-                             None)
+        self.syslog_generate(
+            SyslogFacility.local5, SyslogSeverity.err, appname, msgid, sd2, None
+        )
         capture = self.pg0.get_capture(1)
         try:
             self.assertEqual(capture[0][UDP].dport, 12345)
         except:
             self.logger.error(ppp("invalid packet:", capture[0]))
             raise
-        self.syslog_verify(capture[0][Raw].load,
-                           SyslogFacility.local5,
-                           SyslogSeverity.err,
-                           appname,
-                           msgid,
-                           sd2,
-                           None)
+        self.syslog_verify(
+            capture[0][Raw].load,
+            SyslogFacility.local5,
+            SyslogSeverity.err,
+            appname,
+            msgid,
+            sd2,
+            None,
+        )
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_tap.py b/test/test_tap.py
index 0e5b315963e..57014e4ecb3 100644
--- a/test/test_tap.py
+++ b/test/test_tap.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ def check_tuntap_driver_access():
 
 @unittest.skip("Requires root")
 class TestTAP(VppTestCase):
-    """ TAP Test Case """
+    """TAP Test Case"""
 
     def test_tap_add_del(self):
         """Create TAP interface"""
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ class TestTAP(VppTestCase):
         self.assertTrue(tap0.query_vpp_config())
 
     def test_tap_dump(self):
-        """ Test api dump w/ and w/o sw_if_index filtering"""
+        """Test api dump w/ and w/o sw_if_index filtering"""
         MAX_INSTANCES = 10
         tap_instances = []
         for instance in range(MAX_INSTANCES):
@@ -29,10 +29,9 @@ class TestTAP(VppTestCase):
             tap_instances.append(i)
         details = self.vapi.sw_interface_tap_v2_dump()
         self.assertEqual(MAX_INSTANCES, len(details))
-        details = self.vapi.sw_interface_tap_v2_dump(
-            tap_instances[5].sw_if_index)
+        details = self.vapi.sw_interface_tap_v2_dump(tap_instances[5].sw_if_index)
         self.assertEqual(1, len(details))
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_tcp.py b/test/test_tcp.py
index f8e51057d38..de126362107 100644
--- a/test/test_tcp.py
+++ b/test/test_tcp.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from vpp_ip_route import VppIpTable, VppIpRoute, VppRoutePath
 
 
 class TestTCP(VppTestCase):
-    """ TCP Test Case """
+    """TCP Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -36,10 +36,12 @@ class TestTCP(VppTestCase):
             table_id += 1
 
         # Configure namespaces
-        self.vapi.app_namespace_add_del(namespace_id="0",
-                                        sw_if_index=self.loop0.sw_if_index)
-        self.vapi.app_namespace_add_del(namespace_id="1",
-                                        sw_if_index=self.loop1.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.app_namespace_add_del(
+            namespace_id="0", sw_if_index=self.loop0.sw_if_index
+        )
+        self.vapi.app_namespace_add_del(
+            namespace_id="1", sw_if_index=self.loop1.sw_if_index
+        )
 
     def tearDown(self):
         for i in self.lo_interfaces:
@@ -50,31 +52,38 @@ class TestTCP(VppTestCase):
         super(TestTCP, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_tcp_transfer(self):
-        """ TCP echo client/server transfer """
+        """TCP echo client/server transfer"""
 
         # Add inter-table routes
-        ip_t01 = VppIpRoute(self, self.loop1.local_ip4, 32,
-                            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                          0xffffffff,
-                                          nh_table_id=1)])
-        ip_t10 = VppIpRoute(self, self.loop0.local_ip4, 32,
-                            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                          0xffffffff,
-                                          nh_table_id=0)], table_id=1)
+        ip_t01 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            self.loop1.local_ip4,
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", 0xFFFFFFFF, nh_table_id=1)],
+        )
+        ip_t10 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            self.loop0.local_ip4,
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", 0xFFFFFFFF, nh_table_id=0)],
+            table_id=1,
+        )
         ip_t01.add_vpp_config()
         ip_t10.add_vpp_config()
 
         # Start builtin server and client
         uri = "tcp://" + self.loop0.local_ip4 + "/1234"
-        error = self.vapi.cli("test echo server appns 0 fifo-size 4 uri " +
-                              uri)
+        error = self.vapi.cli("test echo server appns 0 fifo-size 4 uri " + uri)
         if error:
             self.logger.critical(error)
             self.assertNotIn("failed", error)
 
-        error = self.vapi.cli("test echo client mbytes 10 appns 1 " +
-                              "fifo-size 4 no-output test-bytes " +
-                              "syn-timeout 2 uri " + uri)
+        error = self.vapi.cli(
+            "test echo client mbytes 10 appns 1 "
+            + "fifo-size 4 no-output test-bytes "
+            + "syn-timeout 2 uri "
+            + uri
+        )
         if error:
             self.logger.critical(error)
             self.assertNotIn("failed", error)
@@ -104,12 +113,13 @@ class TestTCPUnitTests(VppTestCase):
         self.vapi.session_enable_disable(is_enable=0)
 
     def test_tcp_unittest(self):
-        """ TCP Unit Tests """
+        """TCP Unit Tests"""
         error = self.vapi.cli("test tcp all")
 
         if error:
             self.logger.critical(error)
         self.assertNotIn("failed", error)
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_tls.py b/test/test_tls.py
index 2f8edd4e0e2..301cddf5082 100644
--- a/test/test_tls.py
+++ b/test/test_tls.py
@@ -23,8 +23,9 @@ def checkOpenSSLVersion():
     r = "OPENSSL_ROOT_DIR" in os.environ
     if r:
         ssl = os.environ["OPENSSL_ROOT_DIR"] + "/bin/openssl version"
-        p = subprocess.Popen(ssl, stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
-                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE, shell=True)
+        p = subprocess.Popen(
+            ssl, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, shell=True
+        )
         p.wait()
         output = p.stdout.read()
         status = p.returncode
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ def checkAll():
 
 
 class TestTLS(VppTestCase):
-    """ TLS Qat Test Case. """
+    """TLS Qat Test Case."""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -82,10 +83,12 @@ class TestTLS(VppTestCase):
             table_id += 1
 
         # Configure namespaces
-        self.vapi.app_namespace_add_del(namespace_id="0",
-                                        sw_if_index=self.loop0.sw_if_index)
-        self.vapi.app_namespace_add_del(namespace_id="1",
-                                        sw_if_index=self.loop1.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.app_namespace_add_del(
+            namespace_id="0", sw_if_index=self.loop0.sw_if_index
+        )
+        self.vapi.app_namespace_add_del(
+            namespace_id="1", sw_if_index=self.loop1.sw_if_index
+        )
 
     def tearDown(self):
         for i in self.lo_interfaces:
@@ -95,46 +98,49 @@ class TestTLS(VppTestCase):
         self.vapi.session_enable_disable(is_enable=0)
         super(TestTLS, self).tearDown()
 
-    @unittest.skipUnless(checkAll(),
-                         "QAT or OpenSSL not satisfied,skip.")
+    @unittest.skipUnless(checkAll(), "QAT or OpenSSL not satisfied,skip.")
     def test_tls_transfer(self):
-        """ TLS qat echo client/server transfer """
+        """TLS qat echo client/server transfer"""
 
         # Add inter-table routes
-        ip_t01 = VppIpRoute(self, self.loop1.local_ip4, 32,
-                            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                          0xffffffff,
-                                          nh_table_id=1)])
+        ip_t01 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            self.loop1.local_ip4,
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", 0xFFFFFFFF, nh_table_id=1)],
+        )
 
-        ip_t10 = VppIpRoute(self, self.loop0.local_ip4, 32,
-                            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                          0xffffffff,
-                                          nh_table_id=0)], table_id=1)
+        ip_t10 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            self.loop0.local_ip4,
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", 0xFFFFFFFF, nh_table_id=0)],
+            table_id=1,
+        )
         ip_t01.add_vpp_config()
         ip_t10.add_vpp_config()
 
         # Enable QAT engine and TLS async
         r = self.vapi.tls_openssl_set_engine(
-                async_enable=1,
-                engine="qat",
-                algorithm="RSA,PKEY_CRYPTO",
-                ciphers="RSA")
-        self.assertIsNotNone(r,
-                             'No response msg ')
+            async_enable=1, engine="qat", algorithm="RSA,PKEY_CRYPTO", ciphers="RSA"
+        )
+        self.assertIsNotNone(r, "No response msg ")
 
         # Start builtin server and client
         uri = "tls://" + self.loop0.local_ip4 + "/1234"
-        error = self.vapi.cli("test echo server appns 0 fifo-size 4 "
-                              "tls-engine 1 uri " +
-                              uri)
+        error = self.vapi.cli(
+            "test echo server appns 0 fifo-size 4 tls-engine 1 uri " + uri
+        )
         if error:
             self.logger.critical(error)
             self.assertNotIn("failed", error)
 
-        error = self.vapi.cli("test echo client mbytes 10 appns 1 "
-                              "fifo-size 4 no-output test-bytes "
-                              "tls-engine 1 "
-                              "syn-timeout 2 uri " + uri)
+        error = self.vapi.cli(
+            "test echo client mbytes 10 appns 1 "
+            "fifo-size 4 no-output test-bytes "
+            "tls-engine 1 "
+            "syn-timeout 2 uri " + uri
+        )
         if error:
             self.logger.critical(error)
             self.assertNotIn("failed", error)
@@ -144,5 +150,5 @@ class TestTLS(VppTestCase):
         ip_t10.remove_vpp_config()
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_trace_filter.py b/test/test_trace_filter.py
index fa0d74812f5..3c1f778a0f7 100644
--- a/test/test_trace_filter.py
+++ b/test/test_trace_filter.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ from scapy.utils import rdpcap
 
 
 class TestTracefilter(VppTestCase):
-    """ Packet Tracer Filter Test """
+    """Packet Tracer Filter Test"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -43,8 +43,11 @@ class TestTracefilter(VppTestCase):
     def cli(self, cmd):
         r = self.vapi.cli_return_response(cmd)
         if r.retval != 0:
-            s = "reply '%s'" % r.reply if hasattr(
-                r, "reply") else "retval '%s'" % r.retval
+            s = (
+                "reply '%s'" % r.reply
+                if hasattr(r, "reply")
+                else "retval '%s'" % r.retval
+            )
             raise RuntimeError("cli command '%s' FAIL with %s" % (cmd, s))
         return r
 
@@ -71,26 +74,34 @@ class TestTracefilter(VppTestCase):
         self.assertTrue(r.reply.find(s) != -1)
 
     def test_basic(self):
-        """ Packet Tracer Filter Test """
+        """Packet Tracer Filter Test"""
         self.add_trace_filter(
-            "l3 ip4 src",
-            "l3 ip4 src %s" %
-            self.pg0.remote_hosts[5].ip4)
+            "l3 ip4 src", "l3 ip4 src %s" % self.pg0.remote_hosts[5].ip4
+        )
         self.add_trace_filter(
-            "l3 ip4 proto l4 src_port",
-            "l3 ip4 proto 17 l4 src_port 2345")
+            "l3 ip4 proto l4 src_port", "l3 ip4 proto 17 l4 src_port 2345"
+        )
         # the packet we are trying to match
         p = list()
         for i in range(100):
             src = self.pg0.remote_hosts[i % len(self.pg0.remote_hosts)].ip4
-            p.append((Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                      IP(src=src, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-                      UDP(sport=1234, dport=2345) / Raw('\xa5' * 100)))
+            p.append(
+                (
+                    Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                    / IP(src=src, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+                    / UDP(sport=1234, dport=2345)
+                    / Raw("\xa5" * 100)
+                )
+            )
         for i in range(17):
-            p.append((Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                      IP(src=self.pg0.remote_hosts[0].ip4,
-                         dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-                      UDP(sport=2345, dport=1234) / Raw('\xa5' * 100)))
+            p.append(
+                (
+                    Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                    / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_hosts[0].ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+                    / UDP(sport=2345, dport=1234)
+                    / Raw("\xa5" * 100)
+                )
+            )
 
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg1, trace=False)
 
@@ -108,21 +119,23 @@ class TestTracefilter(VppTestCase):
         self.del_trace_filters()
 
     def test_encap(self):
-        """ Packet Tracer Filter Test with encap """
+        """Packet Tracer Filter Test with encap"""
 
         # the packet we are trying to match
-        p = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-             UDP() /
-             VXLAN() /
-             Ether() /
-             IP() /
-             UDP() /
-             GENEVE(vni=1234) /
-             Ether() /
-             IP(src='192.168.4.167') /
-             UDP() /
-             Raw('\xa5' * 100))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / UDP()
+            / VXLAN()
+            / Ether()
+            / IP()
+            / UDP()
+            / GENEVE(vni=1234)
+            / Ether()
+            / IP(src="192.168.4.167")
+            / UDP()
+            / Raw("\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         #
         # compute filter mask & value
@@ -130,29 +143,31 @@ class TestTracefilter(VppTestCase):
         # we need to set checksums to 0 to make sure scapy will not recompute
         # them
         #
-        tmpl = (Ether() /
-                IP(chksum=0) /
-                UDP(chksum=0) /
-                VXLAN() /
-                Ether() /
-                IP(chksum=0) /
-                UDP(chksum=0) /
-                GENEVE(vni=0) /
-                Ether() /
-                IP(src='0.0.0.0', chksum=0))
+        tmpl = (
+            Ether()
+            / IP(chksum=0)
+            / UDP(chksum=0)
+            / VXLAN()
+            / Ether()
+            / IP(chksum=0)
+            / UDP(chksum=0)
+            / GENEVE(vni=0)
+            / Ether()
+            / IP(src="0.0.0.0", chksum=0)
+        )
         ori = raw(tmpl)
 
         # the mask
-        tmpl[GENEVE].vni = 0xffffff
+        tmpl[GENEVE].vni = 0xFFFFFF
         user = tmpl[GENEVE].payload
-        user[IP].src = '255.255.255.255'
+        user[IP].src = "255.255.255.255"
         new = raw(tmpl)
         mask = "".join(("{:02x}".format(o ^ n) for o, n in zip(ori, new)))
 
         # this does not match (wrong vni)
         tmpl[GENEVE].vni = 1
         user = tmpl[GENEVE].payload
-        user[IP].src = '192.168.4.167'
+        user[IP].src = "192.168.4.167"
         new = raw(tmpl)
         match = "".join(("{:02x}".format(o ^ n) for o, n in zip(ori, new)))
         self.assert_classify(mask, match, [p] * 11, 0)
@@ -164,29 +179,41 @@ class TestTracefilter(VppTestCase):
         self.assert_classify(mask, match, [p] * 17)
 
     def test_pcap(self):
-        """ Packet Capture Filter Test """
+        """Packet Capture Filter Test"""
         self.cli(
-            "classify filter pcap mask l3 ip4 src match l3 ip4 src %s" %
-            self.pg0.remote_hosts[5].ip4)
+            "classify filter pcap mask l3 ip4 src match l3 ip4 src %s"
+            % self.pg0.remote_hosts[5].ip4
+        )
         self.cli(
             "classify filter pcap "
             "mask l3 ip4 proto l4 src_port "
-            "match l3 ip4 proto 17 l4 src_port 2345")
+            "match l3 ip4 proto 17 l4 src_port 2345"
+        )
         self.cli(
             "pcap trace rx tx max 1000 intfc pg0 "
-            "file vpp_test_trace_filter_test_pcap.pcap filter")
+            "file vpp_test_trace_filter_test_pcap.pcap filter"
+        )
         # the packet we are trying to match
         p = list()
         for i in range(100):
             src = self.pg0.remote_hosts[i % len(self.pg0.remote_hosts)].ip4
-            p.append((Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                      IP(src=src, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-                      UDP(sport=1234, dport=2345) / Raw('\xa5' * 100)))
+            p.append(
+                (
+                    Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                    / IP(src=src, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+                    / UDP(sport=1234, dport=2345)
+                    / Raw("\xa5" * 100)
+                )
+            )
         for i in range(17):
-            p.append((Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                      IP(src=self.pg0.remote_hosts[0].ip4,
-                         dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-                      UDP(sport=2345, dport=1234) / Raw('\xa5' * 100)))
+            p.append(
+                (
+                    Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                    / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_hosts[0].ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+                    / UDP(sport=2345, dport=1234)
+                    / Raw("\xa5" * 100)
+                )
+            )
 
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg1, trace=False)
 
@@ -208,28 +235,42 @@ class TestTracefilter(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(str(pcap[i]), p_)
 
     def test_pcap_drop(self):
-        """ Drop Packet Capture Filter Test """
+        """Drop Packet Capture Filter Test"""
         self.cli(
             "pcap trace drop max 1000 "
             "error {ip4-udp-lookup}.{no_listener} "
-            "file vpp_test_trace_filter_test_pcap_drop.pcap")
+            "file vpp_test_trace_filter_test_pcap_drop.pcap"
+        )
         # the packet we are trying to match
         p = list()
         for i in range(17):
             # this packet should be forwarded
-            p.append((Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                      IP(src=self.pg0.remote_hosts[0].ip4,
-                         dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-                      UDP(sport=2345, dport=1234) / Raw('\xa5' * 100)))
+            p.append(
+                (
+                    Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                    / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_hosts[0].ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+                    / UDP(sport=2345, dport=1234)
+                    / Raw("\xa5" * 100)
+                )
+            )
             # this packet should be captured (no listener)
-            p.append((Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                      IP(src=self.pg0.remote_hosts[0].ip4,
-                         dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-                      UDP(sport=2345, dport=1234) / Raw('\xa5' * 100)))
+            p.append(
+                (
+                    Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                    / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_hosts[0].ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+                    / UDP(sport=2345, dport=1234)
+                    / Raw("\xa5" * 100)
+                )
+            )
         # this packet will be blackholed but not captured
-        p.append((Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                  IP(src=self.pg0.remote_hosts[0].ip4, dst="0.0.0.0") /
-                  UDP(sport=2345, dport=1234) / Raw('\xa5' * 100)))
+        p.append(
+            (
+                Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_hosts[0].ip4, dst="0.0.0.0")
+                / UDP(sport=2345, dport=1234)
+                / Raw("\xa5" * 100)
+            )
+        )
 
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p, self.pg1, n_rx=17, trace=False)
 
@@ -240,5 +281,5 @@ class TestTracefilter(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(len(pcap), 17)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_udp.py b/test/test_udp.py
index 031867cf63d..c7e97c641b8 100644
--- a/test/test_udp.py
+++ b/test/test_udp.py
@@ -5,8 +5,16 @@ from framework import VppTestCase, VppTestRunner
 
 from vpp_udp_encap import find_udp_encap, VppUdpEncap
 from vpp_udp_decap import VppUdpDecap
-from vpp_ip_route import VppIpRoute, VppRoutePath, VppIpTable, VppMplsLabel, \
-    VppMplsTable, VppMplsRoute, FibPathType, FibPathProto
+from vpp_ip_route import (
+    VppIpRoute,
+    VppRoutePath,
+    VppIpTable,
+    VppMplsLabel,
+    VppMplsTable,
+    VppMplsRoute,
+    FibPathType,
+    FibPathProto,
+)
 from vpp_neighbor import VppNeighbor
 from vpp_papi import VppEnum
 
@@ -21,7 +29,7 @@ NUM_PKTS = 67
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 class TestUdpEncap(VppTestCase):
-    """ UDP Encap Test Case """
+    """UDP Encap Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -99,8 +107,7 @@ class TestUdpEncap(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(rx.hlim, tx[IPv6].hlim)
 
     def test_udp_encap(self):
-        """ UDP Encap test
-        """
+        """UDP Encap test"""
 
         #
         # construct a UDP encap object through each of the peers
@@ -109,29 +116,21 @@ class TestUdpEncap(VppTestCase):
         # where 2 different udp encap objects are processed at the
         # same time
         #
-        udp_encap_0 = VppUdpEncap(self,
-                                  self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                  self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                  330, 440)
-        udp_encap_1 = VppUdpEncap(self,
-                                  self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                                  self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                                  331, 441,
-                                  table_id=1)
-        udp_encap_2 = VppUdpEncap(self,
-                                  self.pg2.local_ip6,
-                                  self.pg2.remote_ip6,
-                                  332, 442,
-                                  table_id=2)
-        udp_encap_3 = VppUdpEncap(self,
-                                  self.pg3.local_ip6,
-                                  self.pg3.remote_ip6,
-                                  333, 443,
-                                  table_id=3)
-        udp_encap_4 = VppUdpEncap(self,
-                                  self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                  self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                                  334, 444)
+        udp_encap_0 = VppUdpEncap(
+            self, self.pg0.local_ip4, self.pg0.remote_ip4, 330, 440
+        )
+        udp_encap_1 = VppUdpEncap(
+            self, self.pg1.local_ip4, self.pg1.remote_ip4, 331, 441, table_id=1
+        )
+        udp_encap_2 = VppUdpEncap(
+            self, self.pg2.local_ip6, self.pg2.remote_ip6, 332, 442, table_id=2
+        )
+        udp_encap_3 = VppUdpEncap(
+            self, self.pg3.local_ip6, self.pg3.remote_ip6, 333, 443, table_id=3
+        )
+        udp_encap_4 = VppUdpEncap(
+            self, self.pg0.local_ip4, self.pg0.remote_ip4, 334, 444
+        )
         udp_encap_0.add_vpp_config()
         udp_encap_1.add_vpp_config()
         udp_encap_2.add_vpp_config()
@@ -150,44 +149,79 @@ class TestUdpEncap(VppTestCase):
         # Routes via each UDP encap object - all combinations of v4 and v6.
         #
         route_4o4 = VppIpRoute(
-            self, "1.1.0.1", 24,
-            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                          0xFFFFFFFF,
-                          type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_UDP_ENCAP,
-                          next_hop_id=udp_encap_0.id,
-                          proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP4)],
-            table_id=1)
+            self,
+            "1.1.0.1",
+            24,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "0.0.0.0",
+                    0xFFFFFFFF,
+                    type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_UDP_ENCAP,
+                    next_hop_id=udp_encap_0.id,
+                    proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP4,
+                )
+            ],
+            table_id=1,
+        )
         # specific route to match encap4, to test encap of 2 packets using 2
         # different encap
         route_4o4_2 = VppIpRoute(
-            self, "1.1.0.2", 32,
-            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                          0xFFFFFFFF,
-                          type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_UDP_ENCAP,
-                          next_hop_id=udp_encap_4.id,
-                          proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP4)],
-            table_id=1)
+            self,
+            "1.1.0.2",
+            32,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "0.0.0.0",
+                    0xFFFFFFFF,
+                    type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_UDP_ENCAP,
+                    next_hop_id=udp_encap_4.id,
+                    proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP4,
+                )
+            ],
+            table_id=1,
+        )
         route_4o6 = VppIpRoute(
-            self, "1.1.2.1", 32,
-            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                          0xFFFFFFFF,
-                          type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_UDP_ENCAP,
-                          next_hop_id=udp_encap_2.id,
-                          proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP4)])
+            self,
+            "1.1.2.1",
+            32,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "0.0.0.0",
+                    0xFFFFFFFF,
+                    type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_UDP_ENCAP,
+                    next_hop_id=udp_encap_2.id,
+                    proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP4,
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route_6o4 = VppIpRoute(
-            self, "2001::1", 128,
-            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                          0xFFFFFFFF,
-                          type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_UDP_ENCAP,
-                          next_hop_id=udp_encap_1.id,
-                          proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6)])
+            self,
+            "2001::1",
+            128,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "0.0.0.0",
+                    0xFFFFFFFF,
+                    type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_UDP_ENCAP,
+                    next_hop_id=udp_encap_1.id,
+                    proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6,
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route_6o6 = VppIpRoute(
-            self, "2001::3", 128,
-            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                          0xFFFFFFFF,
-                          type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_UDP_ENCAP,
-                          next_hop_id=udp_encap_3.id,
-                          proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6)])
+            self,
+            "2001::3",
+            128,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "0.0.0.0",
+                    0xFFFFFFFF,
+                    type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_UDP_ENCAP,
+                    next_hop_id=udp_encap_3.id,
+                    proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6,
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route_4o6.add_vpp_config()
         route_6o6.add_vpp_config()
         route_6o4.add_vpp_config()
@@ -200,104 +234,117 @@ class TestUdpEncap(VppTestCase):
         # the packet vector so that we encap 2 packets with different udp
         # encap object at the same time
         #
-        p_4o4 = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-                 IP(src="2.2.2.2", dst="1.1.0.1") /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-        p_4o4_2 = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                         dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-                   IP(src="2.2.2.2", dst="1.1.0.2") /
-                   UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                   Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p_4o4 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src="2.2.2.2", dst="1.1.0.1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
+        p_4o4_2 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IP(src="2.2.2.2", dst="1.1.0.2")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
         rx = self.send_and_expect(
-            self.pg1, p_4o4_2 * 1 + p_4o4 * (NUM_PKTS - 1), self.pg0)
+            self.pg1, p_4o4_2 * 1 + p_4o4 * (NUM_PKTS - 1), self.pg0
+        )
         # checking encap4 magic packet
         p = rx.pop(0)
         self.validate_outer4(p, udp_encap_4)
         p = IP(p["UDP"].payload.load)
         self.validate_inner4(p, p_4o4_2)
-        self.assertEqual(udp_encap_4.get_stats()['packets'], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(udp_encap_4.get_stats()["packets"], 1)
         # checking remaining packets for encap0
         for p in rx:
             self.validate_outer4(p, udp_encap_0)
             p = IP(p["UDP"].payload.load)
             self.validate_inner4(p, p_4o4)
-        self.assertEqual(udp_encap_0.get_stats()['packets'], NUM_PKTS - 1)
+        self.assertEqual(udp_encap_0.get_stats()["packets"], NUM_PKTS - 1)
 
         #
         # 4o6 encap
         #
-        p_4o6 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                 IP(src="2.2.2.2", dst="1.1.2.1") /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_4o6*NUM_PKTS, self.pg2)
+        p_4o6 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src="2.2.2.2", dst="1.1.2.1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
+        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_4o6 * NUM_PKTS, self.pg2)
         for p in rx:
             self.validate_outer6(p, udp_encap_2)
             p = IP(p["UDP"].payload.load)
             self.validate_inner4(p, p_4o6)
-        self.assertEqual(udp_encap_2.get_stats()['packets'], NUM_PKTS)
+        self.assertEqual(udp_encap_2.get_stats()["packets"], NUM_PKTS)
 
         #
         # 6o4 encap
         #
-        p_6o4 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                 IPv6(src="2001::100", dst="2001::1") /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_6o4*NUM_PKTS, self.pg1)
+        p_6o4 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src="2001::100", dst="2001::1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
+        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_6o4 * NUM_PKTS, self.pg1)
         for p in rx:
             self.validate_outer4(p, udp_encap_1)
             p = IPv6(p["UDP"].payload.load)
             self.validate_inner6(p, p_6o4)
-        self.assertEqual(udp_encap_1.get_stats()['packets'], NUM_PKTS)
+        self.assertEqual(udp_encap_1.get_stats()["packets"], NUM_PKTS)
 
         #
         # 6o6 encap
         #
-        p_6o6 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                 IPv6(src="2001::100", dst="2001::3") /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_6o6*NUM_PKTS, self.pg3)
+        p_6o6 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src="2001::100", dst="2001::3")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
+        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_6o6 * NUM_PKTS, self.pg3)
         for p in rx:
             self.validate_outer6(p, udp_encap_3)
             p = IPv6(p["UDP"].payload.load)
             self.validate_inner6(p, p_6o6)
-        self.assertEqual(udp_encap_3.get_stats()['packets'], NUM_PKTS)
+        self.assertEqual(udp_encap_3.get_stats()["packets"], NUM_PKTS)
 
         #
         # A route with an output label
         # the TTL of the inner packet is decremented on LSP ingress
         #
         route_4oMPLSo4 = VppIpRoute(
-            self, "1.1.2.22", 32,
-            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                          0xFFFFFFFF,
-                          type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_UDP_ENCAP,
-                          next_hop_id=1,
-                          labels=[VppMplsLabel(66)])])
+            self,
+            "1.1.2.22",
+            32,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "0.0.0.0",
+                    0xFFFFFFFF,
+                    type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_UDP_ENCAP,
+                    next_hop_id=1,
+                    labels=[VppMplsLabel(66)],
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         route_4oMPLSo4.add_vpp_config()
 
-        p_4omo4 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                         dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                   IP(src="2.2.2.2", dst="1.1.2.22") /
-                   UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                   Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
-        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_4omo4*NUM_PKTS, self.pg1)
+        p_4omo4 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src="2.2.2.2", dst="1.1.2.22")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
+        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_4omo4 * NUM_PKTS, self.pg1)
         for p in rx:
             self.validate_outer4(p, udp_encap_1)
             p = MPLS(p["UDP"].payload.load)
             self.validate_inner4(p, p_4omo4, ttl=63)
-        self.assertEqual(udp_encap_1.get_stats()['packets'], 2*NUM_PKTS)
+        self.assertEqual(udp_encap_1.get_stats()["packets"], 2 * NUM_PKTS)
 
     def test_udp_decap(self):
-        """ UDP Decap test
-        """
+        """UDP Decap test"""
         #
         # construct a UDP decap object for each type of protocol
         #
@@ -323,19 +370,24 @@ class TestUdpEncap(VppTestCase):
         # Routes via the corresponding pg after the UDP decap
         #
         route_4 = VppIpRoute(
-            self, "1.1.1.1", 32,
+            self,
+            "1.1.1.1",
+            32,
             [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", self.pg0.sw_if_index)],
-            table_id=0)
+            table_id=0,
+        )
 
         route_6 = VppIpRoute(
-            self, "2001::1", 128,
-            [VppRoutePath("::", self.pg1.sw_if_index)],
-            table_id=1)
+            self, "2001::1", 128, [VppRoutePath("::", self.pg1.sw_if_index)], table_id=1
+        )
 
         route_mo4 = VppIpRoute(
-            self, "3.3.3.3", 32,
+            self,
+            "3.3.3.3",
+            32,
             [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", self.pg2.sw_if_index)],
-            table_id=2)
+            table_id=2,
+        )
 
         route_4.add_vpp_config()
         route_6.add_vpp_config()
@@ -344,18 +396,9 @@ class TestUdpEncap(VppTestCase):
         #
         # Adding neighbors to route the packets
         #
-        n_4 = VppNeighbor(self,
-                          self.pg0.sw_if_index,
-                          "00:11:22:33:44:55",
-                          "1.1.1.1")
-        n_6 = VppNeighbor(self,
-                          self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                          "11:22:33:44:55:66",
-                          "2001::1")
-        n_mo4 = VppNeighbor(self,
-                            self.pg2.sw_if_index,
-                            "22:33:44:55:66:77",
-                            "3.3.3.3")
+        n_4 = VppNeighbor(self, self.pg0.sw_if_index, "00:11:22:33:44:55", "1.1.1.1")
+        n_6 = VppNeighbor(self, self.pg1.sw_if_index, "11:22:33:44:55:66", "2001::1")
+        n_mo4 = VppNeighbor(self, self.pg2.sw_if_index, "22:33:44:55:66:77", "3.3.3.3")
 
         n_4.add_vpp_config()
         n_6.add_vpp_config()
@@ -367,25 +410,33 @@ class TestUdpEncap(VppTestCase):
         mpls_table = VppMplsTable(self, 0)
         mpls_table.add_vpp_config()
         mpls_route = VppMplsRoute(
-            self, 77, 1,
-            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                          0xFFFFFFFF,
-                          nh_table_id=2,
-                          proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP4)])
+            self,
+            77,
+            1,
+            [
+                VppRoutePath(
+                    "0.0.0.0",
+                    0xFFFFFFFF,
+                    nh_table_id=2,
+                    proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP4,
+                )
+            ],
+        )
         mpls_route.add_vpp_config()
 
         #
         # UDP over ipv4 decap
         #
-        p_4 = (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac,
-                     dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-               IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-               UDP(sport=1111, dport=220) /
-               IP(src="2.2.2.2", dst="1.1.1.1") /
-               UDP(sport=1234, dport=4321) /
-               Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p_4 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1111, dport=220)
+            / IP(src="2.2.2.2", dst="1.1.1.1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=4321)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
-        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_4*NUM_PKTS, self.pg0)
+        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_4 * NUM_PKTS, self.pg0)
         p_4 = IP(p_4["UDP"].payload)
         for p in rx:
             p = IP(p["Ether"].payload)
@@ -394,15 +445,16 @@ class TestUdpEncap(VppTestCase):
         #
         # UDP over ipv6 decap
         #
-        p_6 = (Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                     dst=self.pg1.local_mac) /
-               IPv6(src=self.pg1.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg1.local_ip6) /
-               UDP(sport=2222, dport=221) /
-               IPv6(src="2001::100", dst="2001::1") /
-               UDP(sport=1234, dport=4321) /
-               Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p_6 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg1.remote_mac, dst=self.pg1.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg1.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg1.local_ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=2222, dport=221)
+            / IPv6(src="2001::100", dst="2001::1")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=4321)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
-        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p_6*NUM_PKTS, self.pg1)
+        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p_6 * NUM_PKTS, self.pg1)
         p_6 = IPv6(p_6["UDP"].payload)
         p = IPv6(rx[0]["Ether"].payload)
         for p in rx:
@@ -412,17 +464,18 @@ class TestUdpEncap(VppTestCase):
         #
         # UDP over mpls decap
         #
-        p_mo4 = (Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac,
-                       dst=self.pg2.local_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg2.local_ip4) /
-                 UDP(sport=3333, dport=222) /
-                 MPLS(label=77, ttl=1) /
-                 IP(src="4.4.4.4", dst="3.3.3.3") /
-                 UDP(sport=1234, dport=4321) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 100))
+        p_mo4 = (
+            Ether(src=self.pg2.remote_mac, dst=self.pg2.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg2.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=3333, dport=222)
+            / MPLS(label=77, ttl=1)
+            / IP(src="4.4.4.4", dst="3.3.3.3")
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=4321)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        )
 
         self.pg2.enable_mpls()
-        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, p_mo4*NUM_PKTS, self.pg2)
+        rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, p_mo4 * NUM_PKTS, self.pg2)
         self.pg2.disable_mpls()
         p_mo4 = IP(MPLS(p_mo4["UDP"].payload).payload)
         for p in rx:
@@ -432,7 +485,7 @@ class TestUdpEncap(VppTestCase):
 
 @tag_fixme_vpp_workers
 class TestUDP(VppTestCase):
-    """ UDP Test Case """
+    """UDP Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -461,10 +514,12 @@ class TestUDP(VppTestCase):
             table_id += 1
 
         # Configure namespaces
-        self.vapi.app_namespace_add_del(namespace_id="0",
-                                        sw_if_index=self.loop0.sw_if_index)
-        self.vapi.app_namespace_add_del(namespace_id="1",
-                                        sw_if_index=self.loop1.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.app_namespace_add_del(
+            namespace_id="0", sw_if_index=self.loop0.sw_if_index
+        )
+        self.vapi.app_namespace_add_del(
+            namespace_id="1", sw_if_index=self.loop1.sw_if_index
+        )
 
     def tearDown(self):
         for i in self.lo_interfaces:
@@ -475,31 +530,40 @@ class TestUDP(VppTestCase):
         super(TestUDP, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_udp_transfer(self):
-        """ UDP echo client/server transfer """
+        """UDP echo client/server transfer"""
 
         # Add inter-table routes
-        ip_t01 = VppIpRoute(self, self.loop1.local_ip4, 32,
-                            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                          0xffffffff,
-                                          nh_table_id=1)])
-        ip_t10 = VppIpRoute(self, self.loop0.local_ip4, 32,
-                            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                          0xffffffff,
-                                          nh_table_id=0)], table_id=1)
+        ip_t01 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            self.loop1.local_ip4,
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", 0xFFFFFFFF, nh_table_id=1)],
+        )
+        ip_t10 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            self.loop0.local_ip4,
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", 0xFFFFFFFF, nh_table_id=0)],
+            table_id=1,
+        )
         ip_t01.add_vpp_config()
         ip_t10.add_vpp_config()
 
         # Start builtin server and client
         uri = "udp://" + self.loop0.local_ip4 + "/1234"
-        error = self.vapi.cli("test echo server appns 0 fifo-size 4 no-echo" +
-                              "uri " + uri)
+        error = self.vapi.cli(
+            "test echo server appns 0 fifo-size 4 no-echo" + "uri " + uri
+        )
         if error:
             self.logger.critical(error)
             self.assertNotIn("failed", error)
 
-        error = self.vapi.cli("test echo client mbytes 10 appns 1 " +
-                              "fifo-size 4 no-output test-bytes " +
-                              "syn-timeout 2 no-return uri " + uri)
+        error = self.vapi.cli(
+            "test echo client mbytes 10 appns 1 "
+            + "fifo-size 4 no-output test-bytes "
+            + "syn-timeout 2 no-return uri "
+            + uri
+        )
         if error:
             self.logger.critical(error)
             self.assertNotIn("failed", error)
@@ -511,5 +575,5 @@ class TestUDP(VppTestCase):
         ip_t10.remove_vpp_config()
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_urpf.py b/test/test_urpf.py
index 8f4e563f8bc..e0dc1210bfc 100644
--- a/test/test_urpf.py
+++ b/test/test_urpf.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ N_PKTS = 63
 
 
 class TestURPF(VppTestCase):
-    """ Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding Test Case """
+    """Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -47,26 +47,27 @@ class TestURPF(VppTestCase):
         super(TestURPF, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_urpf4(self):
-        """ uRPF IP4 """
+        """uRPF IP4"""
 
         e = VppEnum
-        p_spoof_loose = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                               src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                         IP(src="3.3.3.3", dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-                         UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                         Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)) * N_PKTS
-        p_spoof_strict = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                                src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                          IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4,
-                             dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-                          UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                          Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)) * N_PKTS
-        p_good = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                        src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                  IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                     dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-                  UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                  Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)) * N_PKTS
+        p_spoof_loose = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src="3.3.3.3", dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        ) * N_PKTS
+        p_spoof_strict = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg2.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        ) * N_PKTS
+        p_good = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        ) * N_PKTS
 
         #
         # before adding the uRPF, ensure all packets are forwarded
@@ -78,10 +79,12 @@ class TestURPF(VppTestCase):
         #
         # apply loose uRPF check on pg0 rx
         #
-        self.vapi.urpf_update(is_input=True,
-                              mode=e.vl_api_urpf_mode_t.URPF_API_MODE_LOOSE,
-                              af=e.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP4,
-                              sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.urpf_update(
+            is_input=True,
+            mode=e.vl_api_urpf_mode_t.URPF_API_MODE_LOOSE,
+            af=e.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP4,
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+        )
 
         # good packets still pass
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_good, self.pg1)
@@ -90,16 +93,17 @@ class TestURPF(VppTestCase):
         # packets from address to which there is no route are dropped
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p_spoof_loose)
 
-        self.assert_error_counter_equal("/err/ip4-rx-urpf-loose/uRPF Drop",
-                                        N_PKTS)
+        self.assert_error_counter_equal("/err/ip4-rx-urpf-loose/uRPF Drop", N_PKTS)
 
         #
         # crank it up to strict mode
         #
-        self.vapi.urpf_update(is_input=True,
-                              mode=e.vl_api_urpf_mode_t.URPF_API_MODE_STRICT,
-                              af=e.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP4,
-                              sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.urpf_update(
+            is_input=True,
+            mode=e.vl_api_urpf_mode_t.URPF_API_MODE_STRICT,
+            af=e.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP4,
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+        )
 
         # good packets still pass
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_good, self.pg1)
@@ -107,16 +111,17 @@ class TestURPF(VppTestCase):
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p_spoof_strict)
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p_spoof_loose)
 
-        self.assert_error_counter_equal("/err/ip4-rx-urpf-strict/uRPF Drop",
-                                        2 * N_PKTS)
+        self.assert_error_counter_equal("/err/ip4-rx-urpf-strict/uRPF Drop", 2 * N_PKTS)
 
         #
         # disable uRPF, all traffic should pass
         #
-        self.vapi.urpf_update(is_input=True,
-                              mode=e.vl_api_urpf_mode_t.URPF_API_MODE_OFF,
-                              af=e.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP4,
-                              sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.urpf_update(
+            is_input=True,
+            mode=e.vl_api_urpf_mode_t.URPF_API_MODE_OFF,
+            af=e.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP4,
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+        )
 
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_good, self.pg1)
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_spoof_strict, self.pg1)
@@ -129,22 +134,25 @@ class TestURPF(VppTestCase):
         #  for strict they should not be forwarded if they would be
         #  forwarded thru that interface.
         #
-        self.vapi.urpf_update(is_input=False,
-                              mode=e.vl_api_urpf_mode_t.URPF_API_MODE_LOOSE,
-                              af=e.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP4,
-                              sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.urpf_update(
+            is_input=False,
+            mode=e.vl_api_urpf_mode_t.URPF_API_MODE_LOOSE,
+            af=e.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP4,
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+        )
 
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_good, self.pg1)
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_spoof_strict, self.pg1)
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p_spoof_loose)
 
-        self.assert_error_counter_equal("/err/ip4-tx-urpf-loose/uRPF Drop",
-                                        N_PKTS)
+        self.assert_error_counter_equal("/err/ip4-tx-urpf-loose/uRPF Drop", N_PKTS)
 
-        self.vapi.urpf_update(is_input=False,
-                              mode=e.vl_api_urpf_mode_t.URPF_API_MODE_STRICT,
-                              af=e.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP4,
-                              sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.urpf_update(
+            is_input=False,
+            mode=e.vl_api_urpf_mode_t.URPF_API_MODE_STRICT,
+            af=e.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP4,
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+        )
 
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_good, self.pg1)
         # the strict packet, from a peer is allowed, since it does
@@ -152,48 +160,49 @@ class TestURPF(VppTestCase):
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_spoof_strict, self.pg1)
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p_spoof_loose)
 
-        self.assert_error_counter_equal("/err/ip4-tx-urpf-strict/uRPF Drop",
-                                        N_PKTS)
+        self.assert_error_counter_equal("/err/ip4-tx-urpf-strict/uRPF Drop", N_PKTS)
 
         # change the strict packet so that it would forward through pg1
-        p_spoof_strict = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                                src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                          IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                             dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4) /
-                          UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-                          Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)) * N_PKTS
+        p_spoof_strict = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        ) * N_PKTS
 
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p_spoof_strict)
-        self.assert_error_counter_equal("/err/ip4-tx-urpf-strict/uRPF Drop",
-                                        2 * N_PKTS)
+        self.assert_error_counter_equal("/err/ip4-tx-urpf-strict/uRPF Drop", 2 * N_PKTS)
 
         # cleanup
-        self.vapi.urpf_update(is_input=False,
-                              mode=e.vl_api_urpf_mode_t.URPF_API_MODE_OFF,
-                              af=e.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP4,
-                              sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.urpf_update(
+            is_input=False,
+            mode=e.vl_api_urpf_mode_t.URPF_API_MODE_OFF,
+            af=e.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP4,
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+        )
 
     def test_urpf6(self):
-        """ uRPF IP6 """
+        """uRPF IP6"""
 
         e = VppEnum
-        p_spoof_loose = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                               src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                         IPv6(src="3::3", dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6) /
-                         UDP(sport=1236, dport=1236) /
-                         Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)) * N_PKTS
-        p_spoof_strict = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                                src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                          IPv6(src=self.pg2.remote_ip6,
-                               dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6) /
-                          UDP(sport=1236, dport=1236) /
-                          Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)) * N_PKTS
-        p_good = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                        src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                  IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                       dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6) /
-                  UDP(sport=1236, dport=1236) /
-                  Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)) * N_PKTS
+        p_spoof_loose = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src="3::3", dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=1236, dport=1236)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        ) * N_PKTS
+        p_spoof_strict = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg2.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=1236, dport=1236)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        ) * N_PKTS
+        p_good = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=1236, dport=1236)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        ) * N_PKTS
 
         #
         # before adding the uRPF, ensure all packets are forwarded
@@ -205,10 +214,12 @@ class TestURPF(VppTestCase):
         #
         # apply loose uRPF check on pg0 rx
         #
-        self.vapi.urpf_update(is_input=True,
-                              mode=e.vl_api_urpf_mode_t.URPF_API_MODE_LOOSE,
-                              af=e.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP6,
-                              sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.urpf_update(
+            is_input=True,
+            mode=e.vl_api_urpf_mode_t.URPF_API_MODE_LOOSE,
+            af=e.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP6,
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+        )
 
         # good packets still pass
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_good, self.pg1)
@@ -217,16 +228,17 @@ class TestURPF(VppTestCase):
         # packets from address to which there is no route are dropped
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p_spoof_loose)
 
-        self.assert_error_counter_equal("/err/ip6-rx-urpf-loose/uRPF Drop",
-                                        N_PKTS)
+        self.assert_error_counter_equal("/err/ip6-rx-urpf-loose/uRPF Drop", N_PKTS)
 
         #
         # crank it up to strict mode
         #
-        self.vapi.urpf_update(is_input=True,
-                              mode=e.vl_api_urpf_mode_t.URPF_API_MODE_STRICT,
-                              af=e.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP6,
-                              sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.urpf_update(
+            is_input=True,
+            mode=e.vl_api_urpf_mode_t.URPF_API_MODE_STRICT,
+            af=e.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP6,
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+        )
 
         # good packets still pass
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_good, self.pg1)
@@ -234,16 +246,17 @@ class TestURPF(VppTestCase):
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p_spoof_strict)
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p_spoof_loose)
 
-        self.assert_error_counter_equal("/err/ip6-rx-urpf-strict/uRPF Drop",
-                                        2 * N_PKTS)
+        self.assert_error_counter_equal("/err/ip6-rx-urpf-strict/uRPF Drop", 2 * N_PKTS)
 
         #
         # disable uRPF, all traffic should pass
         #
-        self.vapi.urpf_update(is_input=True,
-                              mode=e.vl_api_urpf_mode_t.URPF_API_MODE_OFF,
-                              af=e.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP6,
-                              sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.urpf_update(
+            is_input=True,
+            mode=e.vl_api_urpf_mode_t.URPF_API_MODE_OFF,
+            af=e.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP6,
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+        )
 
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_good, self.pg1)
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_spoof_strict, self.pg1)
@@ -256,22 +269,25 @@ class TestURPF(VppTestCase):
         #  for strict they should not be forwarded if they would be
         #  forwarded thru that interface.
         #
-        self.vapi.urpf_update(is_input=False,
-                              mode=e.vl_api_urpf_mode_t.URPF_API_MODE_LOOSE,
-                              af=e.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP6,
-                              sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.urpf_update(
+            is_input=False,
+            mode=e.vl_api_urpf_mode_t.URPF_API_MODE_LOOSE,
+            af=e.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP6,
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+        )
 
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_good, self.pg1)
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_spoof_strict, self.pg1)
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p_spoof_loose)
 
-        self.assert_error_counter_equal("/err/ip6-tx-urpf-loose/uRPF Drop",
-                                        N_PKTS)
+        self.assert_error_counter_equal("/err/ip6-tx-urpf-loose/uRPF Drop", N_PKTS)
 
-        self.vapi.urpf_update(is_input=False,
-                              mode=e.vl_api_urpf_mode_t.URPF_API_MODE_STRICT,
-                              af=e.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP6,
-                              sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.urpf_update(
+            is_input=False,
+            mode=e.vl_api_urpf_mode_t.URPF_API_MODE_STRICT,
+            af=e.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP6,
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+        )
 
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_good, self.pg1)
         # the strict packet, from a peer is allowed, since it does
@@ -279,27 +295,27 @@ class TestURPF(VppTestCase):
         self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p_spoof_strict, self.pg1)
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p_spoof_loose)
 
-        self.assert_error_counter_equal("/err/ip6-tx-urpf-strict/uRPF Drop",
-                                        N_PKTS)
+        self.assert_error_counter_equal("/err/ip6-tx-urpf-strict/uRPF Drop", N_PKTS)
 
         # change the strict packet so that it would forward through pg1
-        p_spoof_strict = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac,
-                                src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                          IPv6(src=self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                               dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6) /
-                          UDP(sport=1236, dport=1236) /
-                          Raw(b'\xa5' * 100)) * N_PKTS
+        p_spoof_strict = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg1.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg1.remote_ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=1236, dport=1236)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 100)
+        ) * N_PKTS
 
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, p_spoof_strict)
-        self.assert_error_counter_equal("/err/ip6-tx-urpf-strict/uRPF Drop",
-                                        2 * N_PKTS)
+        self.assert_error_counter_equal("/err/ip6-tx-urpf-strict/uRPF Drop", 2 * N_PKTS)
 
         # cleanup
-        self.vapi.urpf_update(is_input=False,
-                              mode=e.vl_api_urpf_mode_t.URPF_API_MODE_OFF,
-                              af=e.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP6,
-                              sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.urpf_update(
+            is_input=False,
+            mode=e.vl_api_urpf_mode_t.URPF_API_MODE_OFF,
+            af=e.vl_api_address_family_t.ADDRESS_IP6,
+            sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
+        )
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_util.py b/test/test_util.py
index 3a61d64b28f..52aeeb1691e 100644
--- a/test/test_util.py
+++ b/test/test_util.py
@@ -6,17 +6,17 @@ from framework import VppTestRunner, CPUInterface
 from vpp_papi import mac_pton, mac_ntop
 
 
-class TestUtil (CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
-    """ Test framework utility tests """
+class TestUtil(CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
+    """Test framework utility tests"""
 
     @classmethod
     def is_tagged_run_solo(cls):
-        """ if the test case class is timing-sensitive - return true """
+        """if the test case class is timing-sensitive - return true"""
         return False
 
     @classmethod
     def has_tag(cls, tag):
-        """ if the test case has a given tag - return true """
+        """if the test case has a given tag - return true"""
         try:
             return tag in cls.test_tags
         except AttributeError:
@@ -28,13 +28,13 @@ class TestUtil (CPUInterface, unittest.TestCase):
         return 0
 
     def test_mac_to_binary(self):
-        """ MAC to binary and back """
-        mac = 'aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff'
+        """MAC to binary and back"""
+        mac = "aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff"
         b = mac_pton(mac)
         mac2 = mac_ntop(b)
         self.assertEqual(type(mac), type(mac2))
         self.assertEqual(mac2, mac)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_vapi.py b/test/test_vapi.py
index 5a04abe4de7..6817fae6498 100644
--- a/test/test_vapi.py
+++ b/test/test_vapi.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ from framework import VppTestCase, VppTestRunner, Worker
 
 
 class VAPITestCase(VppTestCase):
-    """ VAPI test """
+    """VAPI test"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -20,10 +20,11 @@ class VAPITestCase(VppTestCase):
         super(VAPITestCase, cls).tearDownClass()
 
     def test_vapi_c(self):
-        """ run C VAPI tests """
+        """run C VAPI tests"""
         executable = f"{config.vpp_build_dir}/vpp/bin/vapi_c_test"
-        worker = Worker([executable, "vapi client",
-                         self.get_api_segment_prefix()], self.logger)
+        worker = Worker(
+            [executable, "vapi client", self.get_api_segment_prefix()], self.logger
+        )
         worker.start()
         timeout = 60
         worker.join(timeout)
@@ -32,23 +33,22 @@ class VAPITestCase(VppTestCase):
         if worker.result is None:
             try:
                 error = True
-                self.logger.error(
-                    "Timeout! Worker did not finish in %ss" % timeout)
+                self.logger.error("Timeout! Worker did not finish in %ss" % timeout)
                 os.killpg(os.getpgid(worker.process.pid), signal.SIGTERM)
                 worker.join()
             except:
                 self.logger.debug("Couldn't kill worker-spawned process")
                 raise
         if error:
-            raise Exception(
-                "Timeout! Worker did not finish in %ss" % timeout)
+            raise Exception("Timeout! Worker did not finish in %ss" % timeout)
         self.assert_equal(worker.result, 0, "Binary test return code")
 
     def test_vapi_cpp(self):
-        """ run C++ VAPI tests """
+        """run C++ VAPI tests"""
         executable = f"{config.vpp_build_dir}/vpp/bin/vapi_cpp_test"
-        worker = Worker([executable, "vapi client",
-                         self.get_api_segment_prefix()], self.logger)
+        worker = Worker(
+            [executable, "vapi client", self.get_api_segment_prefix()], self.logger
+        )
         worker.start()
         timeout = 120
         worker.join(timeout)
@@ -57,17 +57,15 @@ class VAPITestCase(VppTestCase):
         if worker.result is None:
             try:
                 error = True
-                self.logger.error(
-                    "Timeout! Worker did not finish in %ss" % timeout)
+                self.logger.error("Timeout! Worker did not finish in %ss" % timeout)
                 os.killpg(os.getpgid(worker.process.pid), signal.SIGTERM)
                 worker.join()
             except:
                 raise Exception("Couldn't kill worker-spawned process")
         if error:
-            raise Exception(
-                "Timeout! Worker did not finish in %ss" % timeout)
+            raise Exception("Timeout! Worker did not finish in %ss" % timeout)
         self.assert_equal(worker.result, 0, "Binary test return code")
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_vcl.py b/test/test_vcl.py
index 3875114c3b2..bf139fe0537 100644
--- a/test/test_vcl.py
+++ b/test/test_vcl.py
@@ -10,12 +10,12 @@ from config import config
 from framework import VppTestCase, VppTestRunner, Worker
 from vpp_ip_route import VppIpTable, VppIpRoute, VppRoutePath, FibPathProto
 
-iperf3 = '/usr/bin/iperf3'
+iperf3 = "/usr/bin/iperf3"
 
 
 def have_app(app):
     try:
-        subprocess.check_output([app, '-v'])
+        subprocess.check_output([app, "-v"])
     except (subprocess.CalledProcessError, OSError):
         return False
     return True
@@ -25,22 +25,22 @@ _have_iperf3 = have_app(iperf3)
 
 
 class VCLAppWorker(Worker):
-    """ VCL Test Application Worker """
+    """VCL Test Application Worker"""
 
     libname = "libvcl_ldpreload.so"
 
     class LibraryNotFound(Exception):
         pass
 
-    def __init__(self, appname, executable_args, logger, env=None,
-                 role=None, *args, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(
+        self, appname, executable_args, logger, env=None, role=None, *args, **kwargs
+    ):
         self.role = role
         vcl_ldpreload_glob = f"{config.vpp_install_dir}/**/{self.libname}"
         vcl_ldpreload_so = glob.glob(vcl_ldpreload_glob, recursive=True)
 
         if len(vcl_ldpreload_so) < 1:
-            raise LibraryNotFound("cannot locate library: {}".format(
-                self.libname))
+            raise LibraryNotFound("cannot locate library: {}".format(self.libname))
 
         vcl_ldpreload_so = vcl_ldpreload_so[0]
 
@@ -48,19 +48,19 @@ class VCLAppWorker(Worker):
             env = {}
         if "iperf" in appname:
             app = appname
-            env.update({'LD_PRELOAD': vcl_ldpreload_so})
+            env.update({"LD_PRELOAD": vcl_ldpreload_so})
         elif "sock" in appname:
             app = f"{config.vpp_build_dir}/vpp/bin/{appname}"
-            env.update({'LD_PRELOAD': vcl_ldpreload_so})
+            env.update({"LD_PRELOAD": vcl_ldpreload_so})
         else:
             app = f"{config.vpp_build_dir}/vpp/bin/{appname}"
         self.args = [app] + executable_args
-        super(VCLAppWorker, self).__init__(self.args, logger, env,
-                                           *args, **kwargs)
+        super(VCLAppWorker, self).__init__(self.args, logger, env, *args, **kwargs)
 
 
 class VCLTestCase(VppTestCase):
-    """ VCL Test Class """
+    """VCL Test Class"""
+
     session_startup = ["poll-main"]
 
     @classmethod
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ class VCLTestCase(VppTestCase):
         super(VCLTestCase, cls).tearDownClass()
 
     def setUp(self):
-        self.vppDebug = 'vpp_debug' in config.vpp_install_dir
+        self.vppDebug = "vpp_debug" in config.vpp_install_dir
         self.server_addr = "127.0.0.1"
         self.server_port = "22000"
         self.server_args = [self.server_port]
@@ -95,26 +95,26 @@ class VCLTestCase(VppTestCase):
 
     def update_vcl_app_env(self, ns_id, ns_secret, attach_sock):
         if not ns_id:
-            if 'VCL_APP_NAMESPACE_ID' in self.vcl_app_env:
-                del self.vcl_app_env['VCL_APP_NAMESPACE_ID']
+            if "VCL_APP_NAMESPACE_ID" in self.vcl_app_env:
+                del self.vcl_app_env["VCL_APP_NAMESPACE_ID"]
         else:
-            self.vcl_app_env['VCL_APP_NAMESPACE_ID'] = ns_id
+            self.vcl_app_env["VCL_APP_NAMESPACE_ID"] = ns_id
 
         if not ns_secret:
-            if 'VCL_APP_NAMESPACE_SECRET' in self.vcl_app_env:
-                del self.vcl_app_env['VCL_APP_NAMESPACE_SECRET']
+            if "VCL_APP_NAMESPACE_SECRET" in self.vcl_app_env:
+                del self.vcl_app_env["VCL_APP_NAMESPACE_SECRET"]
         else:
-            self.vcl_app_env['VCL_APP_NAMESPACE_SECRET'] = ns_secret
+            self.vcl_app_env["VCL_APP_NAMESPACE_SECRET"] = ns_secret
 
         if not attach_sock:
-            self.vcl_app_env['VCL_VPP_API_SOCKET'] = self.get_api_sock_path()
-            if 'VCL_VPP_SAPI_SOCKET' in self.vcl_app_env:
-                del self.vcl_app_env['VCL_VPP_SAPI_SOCKET']
+            self.vcl_app_env["VCL_VPP_API_SOCKET"] = self.get_api_sock_path()
+            if "VCL_VPP_SAPI_SOCKET" in self.vcl_app_env:
+                del self.vcl_app_env["VCL_VPP_SAPI_SOCKET"]
         else:
             sapi_sock = "%s/app_ns_sockets/%s" % (self.tempdir, attach_sock)
-            self.vcl_app_env['VCL_VPP_SAPI_SOCKET'] = sapi_sock
-            if 'VCL_VPP_API_SOCKET' in self.vcl_app_env:
-                del self.vcl_app_env['VCL_VPP_API_SOCKET']
+            self.vcl_app_env["VCL_VPP_SAPI_SOCKET"] = sapi_sock
+            if "VCL_VPP_API_SOCKET" in self.vcl_app_env:
+                del self.vcl_app_env["VCL_VPP_API_SOCKET"]
 
     def cut_thru_setup(self):
         self.vapi.session_enable_disable(is_enable=1)
@@ -123,17 +123,19 @@ class VCLTestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.vapi.session_enable_disable(is_enable=0)
 
     def cut_thru_test(self, server_app, server_args, client_app, client_args):
-        self.vcl_app_env = {'VCL_APP_SCOPE_LOCAL': "true"}
+        self.vcl_app_env = {"VCL_APP_SCOPE_LOCAL": "true"}
 
         self.update_vcl_app_env("", "", self.sapi_server_sock)
-        worker_server = VCLAppWorker(server_app, server_args,
-                                     self.logger, self.vcl_app_env, "server")
+        worker_server = VCLAppWorker(
+            server_app, server_args, self.logger, self.vcl_app_env, "server"
+        )
         worker_server.start()
         self.sleep(self.pre_test_sleep)
 
         self.update_vcl_app_env("", "", self.sapi_client_sock)
-        worker_client = VCLAppWorker(client_app, client_args,
-                                     self.logger, self.vcl_app_env, "client")
+        worker_client = VCLAppWorker(
+            client_app, client_args, self.logger, self.vcl_app_env, "client"
+        )
         worker_client.start()
         worker_client.join(self.timeout)
         try:
@@ -160,20 +162,28 @@ class VCLTestCase(VppTestCase):
             table_id += 1
 
         # Configure namespaces
-        self.vapi.app_namespace_add_del(namespace_id="1", secret=1234,
-                                        sw_if_index=self.loop0.sw_if_index)
-        self.vapi.app_namespace_add_del(namespace_id="2", secret=5678,
-                                        sw_if_index=self.loop1.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.app_namespace_add_del(
+            namespace_id="1", secret=1234, sw_if_index=self.loop0.sw_if_index
+        )
+        self.vapi.app_namespace_add_del(
+            namespace_id="2", secret=5678, sw_if_index=self.loop1.sw_if_index
+        )
 
         # Add inter-table routes
-        ip_t01 = VppIpRoute(self, self.loop1.local_ip4, 32,
-                            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                          0xffffffff,
-                                          nh_table_id=2)], table_id=1)
-        ip_t10 = VppIpRoute(self, self.loop0.local_ip4, 32,
-                            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0",
-                                          0xffffffff,
-                                          nh_table_id=1)], table_id=2)
+        ip_t01 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            self.loop1.local_ip4,
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", 0xFFFFFFFF, nh_table_id=2)],
+            table_id=1,
+        )
+        ip_t10 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            self.loop0.local_ip4,
+            32,
+            [VppRoutePath("0.0.0.0", 0xFFFFFFFF, nh_table_id=1)],
+            table_id=2,
+        )
         ip_t01.add_vpp_config()
         ip_t10.add_vpp_config()
         self.logger.debug(self.vapi.cli("show ip fib"))
@@ -201,20 +211,28 @@ class VCLTestCase(VppTestCase):
             table_id += 1
 
         # Configure namespaces
-        self.vapi.app_namespace_add_del(namespace_id="1", secret=1234,
-                                        sw_if_index=self.loop0.sw_if_index)
-        self.vapi.app_namespace_add_del(namespace_id="2", secret=5678,
-                                        sw_if_index=self.loop1.sw_if_index)
+        self.vapi.app_namespace_add_del(
+            namespace_id="1", secret=1234, sw_if_index=self.loop0.sw_if_index
+        )
+        self.vapi.app_namespace_add_del(
+            namespace_id="2", secret=5678, sw_if_index=self.loop1.sw_if_index
+        )
 
         # Add inter-table routes
-        ip_t01 = VppIpRoute(self, self.loop1.local_ip6, 128,
-                            [VppRoutePath("::0", 0xffffffff,
-                                          nh_table_id=2)],
-                            table_id=1)
-        ip_t10 = VppIpRoute(self, self.loop0.local_ip6, 128,
-                            [VppRoutePath("::0", 0xffffffff,
-                                          nh_table_id=1)],
-                            table_id=2)
+        ip_t01 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            self.loop1.local_ip6,
+            128,
+            [VppRoutePath("::0", 0xFFFFFFFF, nh_table_id=2)],
+            table_id=1,
+        )
+        ip_t10 = VppIpRoute(
+            self,
+            self.loop0.local_ip6,
+            128,
+            [VppRoutePath("::0", 0xFFFFFFFF, nh_table_id=1)],
+            table_id=2,
+        )
         ip_t01.add_vpp_config()
         ip_t10.add_vpp_config()
         self.logger.debug(self.vapi.cli("show interface addr"))
@@ -229,19 +247,20 @@ class VCLTestCase(VppTestCase):
         self.vapi.session_enable_disable(is_enable=0)
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(_have_iperf3, "'%s' not found, Skipping.")
-    def thru_host_stack_test(self, server_app, server_args,
-                             client_app, client_args):
-        self.vcl_app_env = {'VCL_APP_SCOPE_GLOBAL': "true"}
+    def thru_host_stack_test(self, server_app, server_args, client_app, client_args):
+        self.vcl_app_env = {"VCL_APP_SCOPE_GLOBAL": "true"}
 
         self.update_vcl_app_env("1", "1234", self.sapi_server_sock)
-        worker_server = VCLAppWorker(server_app, server_args,
-                                     self.logger, self.vcl_app_env, "server")
+        worker_server = VCLAppWorker(
+            server_app, server_args, self.logger, self.vcl_app_env, "server"
+        )
         worker_server.start()
         self.sleep(self.pre_test_sleep)
 
         self.update_vcl_app_env("2", "5678", self.sapi_client_sock)
-        worker_client = VCLAppWorker(client_app, client_args,
-                                     self.logger, self.vcl_app_env, "client")
+        worker_client = VCLAppWorker(
+            client_app, client_args, self.logger, self.vcl_app_env, "client"
+        )
         worker_client.start()
         worker_client.join(self.timeout)
 
@@ -253,10 +272,11 @@ class VCLTestCase(VppTestCase):
 
     def validateResults(self, worker_client, worker_server, timeout):
         if worker_server.process is None:
-            raise RuntimeError('worker_server is not running.')
-        if os.path.isdir('/proc/{}'.format(worker_server.process.pid)):
-            self.logger.info("Killing server worker process (pid %d)" %
-                             worker_server.process.pid)
+            raise RuntimeError("worker_server is not running.")
+        if os.path.isdir("/proc/{}".format(worker_server.process.pid)):
+            self.logger.info(
+                "Killing server worker process (pid %d)" % worker_server.process.pid
+            )
             os.killpg(os.getpgid(worker_server.process.pid), signal.SIGTERM)
             worker_server.join()
         self.logger.info("Client worker result is `%s'" % worker_client.result)
@@ -265,23 +285,21 @@ class VCLTestCase(VppTestCase):
             try:
                 error = True
                 self.logger.error(
-                    "Timeout: %ss! Killing client worker process (pid %d)" %
-                    (timeout, worker_client.process.pid))
-                os.killpg(os.getpgid(worker_client.process.pid),
-                          signal.SIGKILL)
+                    "Timeout: %ss! Killing client worker process (pid %d)"
+                    % (timeout, worker_client.process.pid)
+                )
+                os.killpg(os.getpgid(worker_client.process.pid), signal.SIGKILL)
                 worker_client.join()
             except OSError:
-                self.logger.debug(
-                    "Couldn't kill client worker process")
+                self.logger.debug("Couldn't kill client worker process")
                 raise
         if error:
-            raise RuntimeError(
-                "Timeout! Client worker did not finish in %ss" % timeout)
+            raise RuntimeError("Timeout! Client worker did not finish in %ss" % timeout)
         self.assert_equal(worker_client.result, 0, "Binary test return code")
 
 
 class LDPCutThruTestCase(VCLTestCase):
-    """ LDP Cut Thru Tests """
+    """LDP Cut Thru Tests"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -296,21 +314,38 @@ class LDPCutThruTestCase(VCLTestCase):
         super(LDPCutThruTestCase, self).setUp()
 
         self.cut_thru_setup()
-        self.client_echo_test_args = ["-E", self.echo_phrase, "-X",
-                                      self.server_addr, self.server_port]
+        self.client_echo_test_args = [
+            "-E",
+            self.echo_phrase,
+            "-X",
+            self.server_addr,
+            self.server_port,
+        ]
         self.client_iperf3_timeout = 20
         self.client_iperf3_args = ["-4", "-t 2", "-c", self.server_addr]
         self.server_iperf3_args = ["-4", "-s"]
         self.client_uni_dir_nsock_timeout = 20
-        self.client_uni_dir_nsock_test_args = ["-N", "1000", "-U", "-X",
-                                               "-I", "2",
-                                               self.server_addr,
-                                               self.server_port]
+        self.client_uni_dir_nsock_test_args = [
+            "-N",
+            "1000",
+            "-U",
+            "-X",
+            "-I",
+            "2",
+            self.server_addr,
+            self.server_port,
+        ]
         self.client_bi_dir_nsock_timeout = 20
-        self.client_bi_dir_nsock_test_args = ["-N", "1000", "-B", "-X",
-                                              "-I", "2",
-                                              self.server_addr,
-                                              self.server_port]
+        self.client_bi_dir_nsock_test_args = [
+            "-N",
+            "1000",
+            "-B",
+            "-X",
+            "-I",
+            "2",
+            self.server_addr,
+            self.server_port,
+        ]
         self.sapi_client_sock = "default"
         self.sapi_server_sock = "default"
 
@@ -324,40 +359,51 @@ class LDPCutThruTestCase(VCLTestCase):
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
     def test_ldp_cut_thru_echo(self):
-        """ run LDP cut thru echo test """
+        """run LDP cut thru echo test"""
 
-        self.cut_thru_test("sock_test_server", self.server_args,
-                           "sock_test_client", self.client_echo_test_args)
+        self.cut_thru_test(
+            "sock_test_server",
+            self.server_args,
+            "sock_test_client",
+            self.client_echo_test_args,
+        )
 
     def test_ldp_cut_thru_iperf3(self):
-        """ run LDP cut thru iperf3 test """
+        """run LDP cut thru iperf3 test"""
 
         self.timeout = self.client_iperf3_timeout
-        self.cut_thru_test(iperf3, self.server_iperf3_args,
-                           iperf3, self.client_iperf3_args)
+        self.cut_thru_test(
+            iperf3, self.server_iperf3_args, iperf3, self.client_iperf3_args
+        )
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
     def test_ldp_cut_thru_uni_dir_nsock(self):
-        """ run LDP cut thru uni-directional (multiple sockets) test """
+        """run LDP cut thru uni-directional (multiple sockets) test"""
 
         self.timeout = self.client_uni_dir_nsock_timeout
-        self.cut_thru_test("sock_test_server", self.server_args,
-                           "sock_test_client",
-                           self.client_uni_dir_nsock_test_args)
+        self.cut_thru_test(
+            "sock_test_server",
+            self.server_args,
+            "sock_test_client",
+            self.client_uni_dir_nsock_test_args,
+        )
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
     @unittest.skip("sock test apps need to be improved")
     def test_ldp_cut_thru_bi_dir_nsock(self):
-        """ run LDP cut thru bi-directional (multiple sockets) test """
+        """run LDP cut thru bi-directional (multiple sockets) test"""
 
         self.timeout = self.client_bi_dir_nsock_timeout
-        self.cut_thru_test("sock_test_server", self.server_args,
-                           "sock_test_client",
-                           self.client_bi_dir_nsock_test_args)
+        self.cut_thru_test(
+            "sock_test_server",
+            self.server_args,
+            "sock_test_client",
+            self.client_bi_dir_nsock_test_args,
+        )
 
 
 class VCLCutThruTestCase(VCLTestCase):
-    """ VCL Cut Thru Tests """
+    """VCL Cut Thru Tests"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -371,19 +417,36 @@ class VCLCutThruTestCase(VCLTestCase):
         super(VCLCutThruTestCase, self).setUp()
 
         self.cut_thru_setup()
-        self.client_echo_test_args = ["-E", self.echo_phrase, "-X",
-                                      self.server_addr, self.server_port]
+        self.client_echo_test_args = [
+            "-E",
+            self.echo_phrase,
+            "-X",
+            self.server_addr,
+            self.server_port,
+        ]
 
         self.client_uni_dir_nsock_timeout = 20
-        self.client_uni_dir_nsock_test_args = ["-N", "1000", "-U", "-X",
-                                               "-I", "2",
-                                               self.server_addr,
-                                               self.server_port]
+        self.client_uni_dir_nsock_test_args = [
+            "-N",
+            "1000",
+            "-U",
+            "-X",
+            "-I",
+            "2",
+            self.server_addr,
+            self.server_port,
+        ]
         self.client_bi_dir_nsock_timeout = 20
-        self.client_bi_dir_nsock_test_args = ["-N", "1000", "-B", "-X",
-                                              "-I", "2",
-                                              self.server_addr,
-                                              self.server_port]
+        self.client_bi_dir_nsock_test_args = [
+            "-N",
+            "1000",
+            "-B",
+            "-X",
+            "-I",
+            "2",
+            self.server_addr,
+            self.server_port,
+        ]
 
     def tearDown(self):
         super(VCLCutThruTestCase, self).tearDown()
@@ -393,30 +456,40 @@ class VCLCutThruTestCase(VCLTestCase):
         self.logger.debug(self.vapi.cli("show app mq"))
 
     def test_vcl_cut_thru_echo(self):
-        """ run VCL cut thru echo test """
+        """run VCL cut thru echo test"""
 
-        self.cut_thru_test("vcl_test_server", self.server_args,
-                           "vcl_test_client", self.client_echo_test_args)
+        self.cut_thru_test(
+            "vcl_test_server",
+            self.server_args,
+            "vcl_test_client",
+            self.client_echo_test_args,
+        )
 
     def test_vcl_cut_thru_uni_dir_nsock(self):
-        """ run VCL cut thru uni-directional (multiple sockets) test """
+        """run VCL cut thru uni-directional (multiple sockets) test"""
 
         self.timeout = self.client_uni_dir_nsock_timeout
-        self.cut_thru_test("vcl_test_server", self.server_args,
-                           "vcl_test_client",
-                           self.client_uni_dir_nsock_test_args)
+        self.cut_thru_test(
+            "vcl_test_server",
+            self.server_args,
+            "vcl_test_client",
+            self.client_uni_dir_nsock_test_args,
+        )
 
     def test_vcl_cut_thru_bi_dir_nsock(self):
-        """ run VCL cut thru bi-directional (multiple sockets) test """
+        """run VCL cut thru bi-directional (multiple sockets) test"""
 
         self.timeout = self.client_bi_dir_nsock_timeout
-        self.cut_thru_test("vcl_test_server", self.server_args,
-                           "vcl_test_client",
-                           self.client_bi_dir_nsock_test_args)
+        self.cut_thru_test(
+            "vcl_test_server",
+            self.server_args,
+            "vcl_test_client",
+            self.client_bi_dir_nsock_test_args,
+        )
 
 
 class VCLThruHostStackEcho(VCLTestCase):
-    """ VCL Thru Host Stack Echo """
+    """VCL Thru Host Stack Echo"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -431,25 +504,37 @@ class VCLThruHostStackEcho(VCLTestCase):
 
         self.thru_host_stack_setup()
         self.client_bi_dir_nsock_timeout = 20
-        self.client_bi_dir_nsock_test_args = ["-N", "1000", "-B", "-X",
-                                              "-I", "2",
-                                              self.loop0.local_ip4,
-                                              self.server_port]
-        self.client_echo_test_args = ["-E", self.echo_phrase, "-X",
-                                      self.loop0.local_ip4,
-                                      self.server_port]
+        self.client_bi_dir_nsock_test_args = [
+            "-N",
+            "1000",
+            "-B",
+            "-X",
+            "-I",
+            "2",
+            self.loop0.local_ip4,
+            self.server_port,
+        ]
+        self.client_echo_test_args = [
+            "-E",
+            self.echo_phrase,
+            "-X",
+            self.loop0.local_ip4,
+            self.server_port,
+        ]
 
     def tearDown(self):
         self.thru_host_stack_tear_down()
         super(VCLThruHostStackEcho, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_vcl_thru_host_stack_echo(self):
-        """ run VCL IPv4 thru host stack echo test """
+        """run VCL IPv4 thru host stack echo test"""
 
-        self.thru_host_stack_test("vcl_test_server",
-                                  self.server_args,
-                                  "vcl_test_client",
-                                  self.client_echo_test_args)
+        self.thru_host_stack_test(
+            "vcl_test_server",
+            self.server_args,
+            "vcl_test_client",
+            self.client_echo_test_args,
+        )
 
     def show_commands_at_teardown(self):
         self.logger.debug(self.vapi.cli("show app server"))
@@ -458,7 +543,7 @@ class VCLThruHostStackEcho(VCLTestCase):
 
 
 class VCLThruHostStackTLS(VCLTestCase):
-    """ VCL Thru Host Stack TLS """
+    """VCL Thru Host Stack TLS"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -475,19 +560,28 @@ class VCLThruHostStackTLS(VCLTestCase):
         self.thru_host_stack_setup()
         self.client_uni_dir_tls_timeout = 20
         self.server_tls_args = ["-L", self.server_port]
-        self.client_uni_dir_tls_test_args = ["-N", "1000", "-U", "-X", "-L",
-                                             self.loop0.local_ip4,
-                                             self.server_port]
+        self.client_uni_dir_tls_test_args = [
+            "-N",
+            "1000",
+            "-U",
+            "-X",
+            "-L",
+            self.loop0.local_ip4,
+            self.server_port,
+        ]
         self.sapi_server_sock = "1"
         self.sapi_client_sock = "2"
 
     def test_vcl_thru_host_stack_tls_uni_dir(self):
-        """ run VCL thru host stack uni-directional TLS test """
+        """run VCL thru host stack uni-directional TLS test"""
 
         self.timeout = self.client_uni_dir_tls_timeout
-        self.thru_host_stack_test("vcl_test_server", self.server_tls_args,
-                                  "vcl_test_client",
-                                  self.client_uni_dir_tls_test_args)
+        self.thru_host_stack_test(
+            "vcl_test_server",
+            self.server_tls_args,
+            "vcl_test_client",
+            self.client_uni_dir_tls_test_args,
+        )
 
     def tearDown(self):
         self.thru_host_stack_tear_down()
@@ -500,7 +594,7 @@ class VCLThruHostStackTLS(VCLTestCase):
 
 
 class VCLThruHostStackDTLS(VCLTestCase):
-    """ VCL Thru Host Stack DTLS """
+    """VCL Thru Host Stack DTLS"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -516,18 +610,28 @@ class VCLThruHostStackDTLS(VCLTestCase):
         self.thru_host_stack_setup()
         self.client_uni_dir_dtls_timeout = 20
         self.server_dtls_args = ["-p", "dtls", self.server_port]
-        self.client_uni_dir_dtls_test_args = ["-N", "1000", "-U", "-X",
-                                              "-p", "dtls", "-T 1400",
-                                              self.loop0.local_ip4,
-                                              self.server_port]
+        self.client_uni_dir_dtls_test_args = [
+            "-N",
+            "1000",
+            "-U",
+            "-X",
+            "-p",
+            "dtls",
+            "-T 1400",
+            self.loop0.local_ip4,
+            self.server_port,
+        ]
 
     def test_vcl_thru_host_stack_dtls_uni_dir(self):
-        """ run VCL thru host stack uni-directional DTLS test """
+        """run VCL thru host stack uni-directional DTLS test"""
 
         self.timeout = self.client_uni_dir_dtls_timeout
-        self.thru_host_stack_test("vcl_test_server", self.server_dtls_args,
-                                  "vcl_test_client",
-                                  self.client_uni_dir_dtls_test_args)
+        self.thru_host_stack_test(
+            "vcl_test_server",
+            self.server_dtls_args,
+            "vcl_test_client",
+            self.client_uni_dir_dtls_test_args,
+        )
 
     def tearDown(self):
         self.thru_host_stack_tear_down()
@@ -540,7 +644,7 @@ class VCLThruHostStackDTLS(VCLTestCase):
 
 
 class VCLThruHostStackQUIC(VCLTestCase):
-    """ VCL Thru Host Stack QUIC """
+    """VCL Thru Host Stack QUIC"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -557,19 +661,28 @@ class VCLThruHostStackQUIC(VCLTestCase):
         self.thru_host_stack_setup()
         self.client_uni_dir_quic_timeout = 20
         self.server_quic_args = ["-p", "quic", self.server_port]
-        self.client_uni_dir_quic_test_args = ["-N", "1000", "-U", "-X",
-                                              "-p", "quic",
-                                              self.loop0.local_ip4,
-                                              self.server_port]
+        self.client_uni_dir_quic_test_args = [
+            "-N",
+            "1000",
+            "-U",
+            "-X",
+            "-p",
+            "quic",
+            self.loop0.local_ip4,
+            self.server_port,
+        ]
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
     def test_vcl_thru_host_stack_quic_uni_dir(self):
-        """ run VCL thru host stack uni-directional QUIC test """
+        """run VCL thru host stack uni-directional QUIC test"""
 
         self.timeout = self.client_uni_dir_quic_timeout
-        self.thru_host_stack_test("vcl_test_server", self.server_quic_args,
-                                  "vcl_test_client",
-                                  self.client_uni_dir_quic_test_args)
+        self.thru_host_stack_test(
+            "vcl_test_server",
+            self.server_quic_args,
+            "vcl_test_client",
+            self.client_uni_dir_quic_test_args,
+        )
 
     def tearDown(self):
         self.thru_host_stack_tear_down()
@@ -582,7 +695,7 @@ class VCLThruHostStackQUIC(VCLTestCase):
 
 
 class VCLThruHostStackBidirNsock(VCLTestCase):
-    """ VCL Thru Host Stack Bidir Nsock """
+    """VCL Thru Host Stack Bidir Nsock"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -597,13 +710,23 @@ class VCLThruHostStackBidirNsock(VCLTestCase):
 
         self.thru_host_stack_setup()
         self.client_bi_dir_nsock_timeout = 20
-        self.client_bi_dir_nsock_test_args = ["-N", "1000", "-B", "-X",
-                                              "-I", "2",
-                                              self.loop0.local_ip4,
-                                              self.server_port]
-        self.client_echo_test_args = ["-E", self.echo_phrase, "-X",
-                                      self.loop0.local_ip4,
-                                      self.server_port]
+        self.client_bi_dir_nsock_test_args = [
+            "-N",
+            "1000",
+            "-B",
+            "-X",
+            "-I",
+            "2",
+            self.loop0.local_ip4,
+            self.server_port,
+        ]
+        self.client_echo_test_args = [
+            "-E",
+            self.echo_phrase,
+            "-X",
+            self.loop0.local_ip4,
+            self.server_port,
+        ]
 
     def tearDown(self):
         self.thru_host_stack_tear_down()
@@ -614,16 +737,19 @@ class VCLThruHostStackBidirNsock(VCLTestCase):
         self.logger.debug(self.vapi.cli("show app mq"))
 
     def test_vcl_thru_host_stack_bi_dir_nsock(self):
-        """ run VCL thru host stack bi-directional (multiple sockets) test """
+        """run VCL thru host stack bi-directional (multiple sockets) test"""
 
         self.timeout = self.client_bi_dir_nsock_timeout
-        self.thru_host_stack_test("vcl_test_server", self.server_args,
-                                  "vcl_test_client",
-                                  self.client_bi_dir_nsock_test_args)
+        self.thru_host_stack_test(
+            "vcl_test_server",
+            self.server_args,
+            "vcl_test_client",
+            self.client_bi_dir_nsock_test_args,
+        )
 
 
 class LDPThruHostStackBidirNsock(VCLTestCase):
-    """ LDP Thru Host Stack Bidir Nsock """
+    """LDP Thru Host Stack Bidir Nsock"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -638,14 +764,19 @@ class LDPThruHostStackBidirNsock(VCLTestCase):
 
         self.thru_host_stack_setup()
         self.client_bi_dir_nsock_timeout = 20
-        self.client_bi_dir_nsock_test_args = ["-N", "1000", "-B", "-X",
-                                              # OUCH! Host Stack Bug?
-                                              # Only fails when running
-                                              # 'make test TEST_JOBS=auto'
-                                              # or TEST_JOBS > 1
-                                              # "-I", "2",
-                                              self.loop0.local_ip4,
-                                              self.server_port]
+        self.client_bi_dir_nsock_test_args = [
+            "-N",
+            "1000",
+            "-B",
+            "-X",
+            # OUCH! Host Stack Bug?
+            # Only fails when running
+            # 'make test TEST_JOBS=auto'
+            # or TEST_JOBS > 1
+            # "-I", "2",
+            self.loop0.local_ip4,
+            self.server_port,
+        ]
 
     def tearDown(self):
         self.thru_host_stack_tear_down()
@@ -656,16 +787,19 @@ class LDPThruHostStackBidirNsock(VCLTestCase):
         self.logger.debug(self.vapi.cli("show app mq"))
 
     def test_ldp_thru_host_stack_bi_dir_nsock(self):
-        """ run LDP thru host stack bi-directional (multiple sockets) test """
+        """run LDP thru host stack bi-directional (multiple sockets) test"""
 
         self.timeout = self.client_bi_dir_nsock_timeout
-        self.thru_host_stack_test("sock_test_server", self.server_args,
-                                  "sock_test_client",
-                                  self.client_bi_dir_nsock_test_args)
+        self.thru_host_stack_test(
+            "sock_test_server",
+            self.server_args,
+            "sock_test_client",
+            self.client_bi_dir_nsock_test_args,
+        )
 
 
 class LDPThruHostStackNsock(VCLTestCase):
-    """ LDP Thru Host Stack Nsock """
+    """LDP Thru Host Stack Nsock"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -686,26 +820,35 @@ class LDPThruHostStackNsock(VCLTestCase):
             self.client_uni_dir_nsock_timeout = 20
             self.numSockets = "5"
 
-        self.client_uni_dir_nsock_test_args = ["-N", "1000", "-U", "-X",
-                                               "-I", self.numSockets,
-                                               self.loop0.local_ip4,
-                                               self.server_port]
+        self.client_uni_dir_nsock_test_args = [
+            "-N",
+            "1000",
+            "-U",
+            "-X",
+            "-I",
+            self.numSockets,
+            self.loop0.local_ip4,
+            self.server_port,
+        ]
 
     def tearDown(self):
         self.thru_host_stack_tear_down()
         super(LDPThruHostStackNsock, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_ldp_thru_host_stack_uni_dir_nsock(self):
-        """ run LDP thru host stack uni-directional (multiple sockets) test """
+        """run LDP thru host stack uni-directional (multiple sockets) test"""
 
         self.timeout = self.client_uni_dir_nsock_timeout
-        self.thru_host_stack_test("sock_test_server", self.server_args,
-                                  "sock_test_client",
-                                  self.client_uni_dir_nsock_test_args)
+        self.thru_host_stack_test(
+            "sock_test_server",
+            self.server_args,
+            "sock_test_client",
+            self.client_uni_dir_nsock_test_args,
+        )
 
 
 class VCLThruHostStackNsock(VCLTestCase):
-    """ VCL Thru Host Stack Nsock """
+    """VCL Thru Host Stack Nsock"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -726,26 +869,35 @@ class VCLThruHostStackNsock(VCLTestCase):
             self.client_uni_dir_nsock_timeout = 20
             self.numSockets = "5"
 
-        self.client_uni_dir_nsock_test_args = ["-N", "1000", "-U", "-X",
-                                               "-I", self.numSockets,
-                                               self.loop0.local_ip4,
-                                               self.server_port]
+        self.client_uni_dir_nsock_test_args = [
+            "-N",
+            "1000",
+            "-U",
+            "-X",
+            "-I",
+            self.numSockets,
+            self.loop0.local_ip4,
+            self.server_port,
+        ]
 
     def tearDown(self):
         self.thru_host_stack_tear_down()
         super(VCLThruHostStackNsock, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_vcl_thru_host_stack_uni_dir_nsock(self):
-        """ run VCL thru host stack uni-directional (multiple sockets) test """
+        """run VCL thru host stack uni-directional (multiple sockets) test"""
 
         self.timeout = self.client_uni_dir_nsock_timeout
-        self.thru_host_stack_test("vcl_test_server", self.server_args,
-                                  "vcl_test_client",
-                                  self.client_uni_dir_nsock_test_args)
+        self.thru_host_stack_test(
+            "vcl_test_server",
+            self.server_args,
+            "vcl_test_client",
+            self.client_uni_dir_nsock_test_args,
+        )
 
 
 class LDPThruHostStackIperf(VCLTestCase):
-    """ LDP Thru Host Stack Iperf  """
+    """LDP Thru Host Stack Iperf"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -773,15 +925,16 @@ class LDPThruHostStackIperf(VCLTestCase):
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(_have_iperf3, "'%s' not found, Skipping.")
     def test_ldp_thru_host_stack_iperf3(self):
-        """ run LDP thru host stack iperf3 test """
+        """run LDP thru host stack iperf3 test"""
 
         self.timeout = self.client_iperf3_timeout
-        self.thru_host_stack_test(iperf3, self.server_iperf3_args,
-                                  iperf3, self.client_iperf3_args)
+        self.thru_host_stack_test(
+            iperf3, self.server_iperf3_args, iperf3, self.client_iperf3_args
+        )
 
 
 class LDPThruHostStackIperfUdp(VCLTestCase):
-    """ LDP Thru Host Stack Iperf UDP """
+    """LDP Thru Host Stack Iperf UDP"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -796,8 +949,14 @@ class LDPThruHostStackIperfUdp(VCLTestCase):
 
         self.thru_host_stack_setup()
         self.client_iperf3_timeout = 20
-        self.client_iperf3_args = ["-4", "-t 2", "-u", "-l 1400",
-                                   "-c", self.loop0.local_ip4]
+        self.client_iperf3_args = [
+            "-4",
+            "-t 2",
+            "-u",
+            "-l 1400",
+            "-c",
+            self.loop0.local_ip4,
+        ]
         self.server_iperf3_args = ["-4", "-s"]
 
     def tearDown(self):
@@ -810,15 +969,16 @@ class LDPThruHostStackIperfUdp(VCLTestCase):
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(_have_iperf3, "'%s' not found, Skipping.")
     def test_ldp_thru_host_stack_iperf3_udp(self):
-        """ run LDP thru host stack iperf3 UDP test """
+        """run LDP thru host stack iperf3 UDP test"""
 
         self.timeout = self.client_iperf3_timeout
-        self.thru_host_stack_test(iperf3, self.server_iperf3_args,
-                                  iperf3, self.client_iperf3_args)
+        self.thru_host_stack_test(
+            iperf3, self.server_iperf3_args, iperf3, self.client_iperf3_args
+        )
 
 
 class LDPIpv6CutThruTestCase(VCLTestCase):
-    """ LDP IPv6 Cut Thru Tests """
+    """LDP IPv6 Cut Thru Tests"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -839,22 +999,38 @@ class LDPIpv6CutThruTestCase(VCLTestCase):
         self.client_iperf3_timeout = 20
         self.client_uni_dir_nsock_timeout = 20
         self.client_bi_dir_nsock_timeout = 20
-        self.client_ipv6_echo_test_args = ["-6", "-E", self.echo_phrase, "-X",
-                                           self.server_ipv6_addr,
-                                           self.server_port]
-        self.client_ipv6_iperf3_args = ["-6", "-t 2", "-c",
-                                        self.server_ipv6_addr]
+        self.client_ipv6_echo_test_args = [
+            "-6",
+            "-E",
+            self.echo_phrase,
+            "-X",
+            self.server_ipv6_addr,
+            self.server_port,
+        ]
+        self.client_ipv6_iperf3_args = ["-6", "-t 2", "-c", self.server_ipv6_addr]
         self.server_ipv6_iperf3_args = ["-6", "-s"]
-        self.client_ipv6_uni_dir_nsock_test_args = ["-N", "1000", "-U", "-X",
-                                                    "-6",
-                                                    "-I", "2",
-                                                    self.server_ipv6_addr,
-                                                    self.server_port]
-        self.client_ipv6_bi_dir_nsock_test_args = ["-N", "1000", "-B", "-X",
-                                                   "-6",
-                                                   "-I", "2",
-                                                   self.server_ipv6_addr,
-                                                   self.server_port]
+        self.client_ipv6_uni_dir_nsock_test_args = [
+            "-N",
+            "1000",
+            "-U",
+            "-X",
+            "-6",
+            "-I",
+            "2",
+            self.server_ipv6_addr,
+            self.server_port,
+        ]
+        self.client_ipv6_bi_dir_nsock_test_args = [
+            "-N",
+            "1000",
+            "-B",
+            "-X",
+            "-6",
+            "-I",
+            "2",
+            self.server_ipv6_addr,
+            self.server_port,
+        ]
 
     def tearDown(self):
         super(LDPIpv6CutThruTestCase, self).tearDown()
@@ -862,43 +1038,52 @@ class LDPIpv6CutThruTestCase(VCLTestCase):
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
     def test_ldp_ipv6_cut_thru_echo(self):
-        """ run LDP IPv6 cut thru echo test """
+        """run LDP IPv6 cut thru echo test"""
 
-        self.cut_thru_test("sock_test_server",
-                           self.server_ipv6_args,
-                           "sock_test_client",
-                           self.client_ipv6_echo_test_args)
+        self.cut_thru_test(
+            "sock_test_server",
+            self.server_ipv6_args,
+            "sock_test_client",
+            self.client_ipv6_echo_test_args,
+        )
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(_have_iperf3, "'%s' not found, Skipping.")
     def test_ldp_ipv6_cut_thru_iperf3(self):
-        """ run LDP IPv6 cut thru iperf3 test """
+        """run LDP IPv6 cut thru iperf3 test"""
 
         self.timeout = self.client_iperf3_timeout
-        self.cut_thru_test(iperf3, self.server_ipv6_iperf3_args,
-                           iperf3, self.client_ipv6_iperf3_args)
+        self.cut_thru_test(
+            iperf3, self.server_ipv6_iperf3_args, iperf3, self.client_ipv6_iperf3_args
+        )
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
     def test_ldp_ipv6_cut_thru_uni_dir_nsock(self):
-        """ run LDP IPv6 cut thru uni-directional (multiple sockets) test """
+        """run LDP IPv6 cut thru uni-directional (multiple sockets) test"""
 
         self.timeout = self.client_uni_dir_nsock_timeout
-        self.cut_thru_test("sock_test_server", self.server_ipv6_args,
-                           "sock_test_client",
-                           self.client_ipv6_uni_dir_nsock_test_args)
+        self.cut_thru_test(
+            "sock_test_server",
+            self.server_ipv6_args,
+            "sock_test_client",
+            self.client_ipv6_uni_dir_nsock_test_args,
+        )
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
     @unittest.skip("sock test apps need to be improved")
     def test_ldp_ipv6_cut_thru_bi_dir_nsock(self):
-        """ run LDP IPv6 cut thru bi-directional (multiple sockets) test """
+        """run LDP IPv6 cut thru bi-directional (multiple sockets) test"""
 
         self.timeout = self.client_bi_dir_nsock_timeout
-        self.cut_thru_test("sock_test_server", self.server_ipv6_args,
-                           "sock_test_client",
-                           self.client_ipv6_bi_dir_nsock_test_args)
+        self.cut_thru_test(
+            "sock_test_server",
+            self.server_ipv6_args,
+            "sock_test_client",
+            self.client_ipv6_bi_dir_nsock_test_args,
+        )
 
 
 class VCLIpv6CutThruTestCase(VCLTestCase):
-    """ VCL IPv6 Cut Thru Tests """
+    """VCL IPv6 Cut Thru Tests"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -918,19 +1103,36 @@ class VCLIpv6CutThruTestCase(VCLTestCase):
         self.cut_thru_setup()
         self.client_uni_dir_nsock_timeout = 20
         self.client_bi_dir_nsock_timeout = 20
-        self.client_ipv6_echo_test_args = ["-6", "-E", self.echo_phrase, "-X",
-                                           self.server_ipv6_addr,
-                                           self.server_port]
-        self.client_ipv6_uni_dir_nsock_test_args = ["-N", "1000", "-U", "-X",
-                                                    "-6",
-                                                    "-I", "2",
-                                                    self.server_ipv6_addr,
-                                                    self.server_port]
-        self.client_ipv6_bi_dir_nsock_test_args = ["-N", "1000", "-B", "-X",
-                                                   "-6",
-                                                   "-I", "2",
-                                                   self.server_ipv6_addr,
-                                                   self.server_port]
+        self.client_ipv6_echo_test_args = [
+            "-6",
+            "-E",
+            self.echo_phrase,
+            "-X",
+            self.server_ipv6_addr,
+            self.server_port,
+        ]
+        self.client_ipv6_uni_dir_nsock_test_args = [
+            "-N",
+            "1000",
+            "-U",
+            "-X",
+            "-6",
+            "-I",
+            "2",
+            self.server_ipv6_addr,
+            self.server_port,
+        ]
+        self.client_ipv6_bi_dir_nsock_test_args = [
+            "-N",
+            "1000",
+            "-B",
+            "-X",
+            "-6",
+            "-I",
+            "2",
+            self.server_ipv6_addr,
+            self.server_port,
+        ]
 
     def tearDown(self):
         super(VCLIpv6CutThruTestCase, self).tearDown()
@@ -941,34 +1143,42 @@ class VCLIpv6CutThruTestCase(VCLTestCase):
         self.logger.debug(self.vapi.cli("show app mq"))
 
     def test_vcl_ipv6_cut_thru_echo(self):
-        """ run VCL IPv6 cut thru echo test """
+        """run VCL IPv6 cut thru echo test"""
 
-        self.cut_thru_test("vcl_test_server",
-                           self.server_ipv6_args,
-                           "vcl_test_client",
-                           self.client_ipv6_echo_test_args)
+        self.cut_thru_test(
+            "vcl_test_server",
+            self.server_ipv6_args,
+            "vcl_test_client",
+            self.client_ipv6_echo_test_args,
+        )
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
     def test_vcl_ipv6_cut_thru_uni_dir_nsock(self):
-        """ run VCL IPv6 cut thru uni-directional (multiple sockets) test """
+        """run VCL IPv6 cut thru uni-directional (multiple sockets) test"""
 
         self.timeout = self.client_uni_dir_nsock_timeout
-        self.cut_thru_test("vcl_test_server", self.server_ipv6_args,
-                           "vcl_test_client",
-                           self.client_ipv6_uni_dir_nsock_test_args)
+        self.cut_thru_test(
+            "vcl_test_server",
+            self.server_ipv6_args,
+            "vcl_test_client",
+            self.client_ipv6_uni_dir_nsock_test_args,
+        )
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
     def test_vcl_ipv6_cut_thru_bi_dir_nsock(self):
-        """ run VCL IPv6 cut thru bi-directional (multiple sockets) test """
+        """run VCL IPv6 cut thru bi-directional (multiple sockets) test"""
 
         self.timeout = self.client_bi_dir_nsock_timeout
-        self.cut_thru_test("vcl_test_server", self.server_ipv6_args,
-                           "vcl_test_client",
-                           self.client_ipv6_bi_dir_nsock_test_args)
+        self.cut_thru_test(
+            "vcl_test_server",
+            self.server_ipv6_args,
+            "vcl_test_client",
+            self.client_ipv6_bi_dir_nsock_test_args,
+        )
 
 
 class VCLIpv6ThruHostStackEcho(VCLTestCase):
-    """ VCL IPv6 Thru Host Stack Echo """
+    """VCL IPv6 Thru Host Stack Echo"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -982,22 +1192,29 @@ class VCLIpv6ThruHostStackEcho(VCLTestCase):
         super(VCLIpv6ThruHostStackEcho, self).setUp()
 
         self.thru_host_stack_ipv6_setup()
-        self.client_ipv6_echo_test_args = ["-6", "-E", self.echo_phrase, "-X",
-                                           self.loop0.local_ip6,
-                                           self.server_port]
+        self.client_ipv6_echo_test_args = [
+            "-6",
+            "-E",
+            self.echo_phrase,
+            "-X",
+            self.loop0.local_ip6,
+            self.server_port,
+        ]
 
     def tearDown(self):
         self.thru_host_stack_ipv6_tear_down()
         super(VCLIpv6ThruHostStackEcho, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_vcl_ipv6_thru_host_stack_echo(self):
-        """ run VCL IPv6 thru host stack echo test """
+        """run VCL IPv6 thru host stack echo test"""
 
-        self.thru_host_stack_test("vcl_test_server",
-                                  self.server_ipv6_args,
-                                  "vcl_test_client",
-                                  self.client_ipv6_echo_test_args)
+        self.thru_host_stack_test(
+            "vcl_test_server",
+            self.server_ipv6_args,
+            "vcl_test_client",
+            self.client_ipv6_echo_test_args,
+        )
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_vhost.py b/test/test_vhost.py
index aefae90f2f6..01e2151e67f 100644
--- a/test/test_vhost.py
+++ b/test/test_vhost.py
@@ -8,9 +8,8 @@ from vpp_vhost_interface import VppVhostInterface
 
 
 class TesVhostInterface(VppTestCase):
-    """Vhost User Test Case
+    """Vhost User Test Case"""
 
-    """
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
         super(TesVhostInterface, cls).setUpClass()
@@ -27,23 +26,23 @@ class TesVhostInterface(VppTestCase):
                 self.vapi.delete_vhost_user_if(ifc.sw_if_index)
 
     def test_vhost(self):
-        """ Vhost User add/delete interface test """
+        """Vhost User add/delete interface test"""
         self.logger.info("Vhost User add interfaces")
 
         # create interface 1 (VirtualEthernet0/0/0)
-        vhost_if1 = VppVhostInterface(self, sock_filename='/tmp/sock1')
+        vhost_if1 = VppVhostInterface(self, sock_filename="/tmp/sock1")
         vhost_if1.add_vpp_config()
         vhost_if1.admin_up()
 
         # create interface 2 (VirtualEthernet0/0/1)
-        vhost_if2 = VppVhostInterface(self, sock_filename='/tmp/sock2')
+        vhost_if2 = VppVhostInterface(self, sock_filename="/tmp/sock2")
         vhost_if2.add_vpp_config()
         vhost_if2.admin_up()
 
         # verify both interfaces in the show
         ifs = self.vapi.cli("show interface")
-        self.assertIn('VirtualEthernet0/0/0', ifs)
-        self.assertIn('VirtualEthernet0/0/1', ifs)
+        self.assertIn("VirtualEthernet0/0/0", ifs)
+        self.assertIn("VirtualEthernet0/0/1", ifs)
 
         # verify they are in the dump also
         if_dump = self.vapi.sw_interface_vhost_user_dump()
@@ -58,10 +57,10 @@ class TesVhostInterface(VppTestCase):
 
         ifs = self.vapi.cli("show interface")
         # verify VirtualEthernet0/0/0 still in the show
-        self.assertIn('VirtualEthernet0/0/0', ifs)
+        self.assertIn("VirtualEthernet0/0/0", ifs)
 
         # verify VirtualEthernet0/0/1 not in the show
-        self.assertNotIn('VirtualEthernet0/0/1', ifs)
+        self.assertNotIn("VirtualEthernet0/0/1", ifs)
 
         # verify VirtualEthernet0/0/1 is not in the dump
         if_dump = self.vapi.sw_interface_vhost_user_dump()
@@ -78,14 +77,14 @@ class TesVhostInterface(VppTestCase):
 
         # verify VirtualEthernet0/0/0 not in the show
         ifs = self.vapi.cli("show interface")
-        self.assertNotIn('VirtualEthernet0/0/0', ifs)
+        self.assertNotIn("VirtualEthernet0/0/0", ifs)
 
         # verify VirtualEthernet0/0/0 is not in the dump
         if_dump = self.vapi.sw_interface_vhost_user_dump()
         self.assertFalse(vhost_if1.is_interface_config_in_dump(if_dump))
 
     def test_vhost_interface_state(self):
-        """ Vhost User interface states and events test """
+        """Vhost User interface states and events test"""
 
         self.vapi.want_interface_events()
 
@@ -93,7 +92,7 @@ class TesVhostInterface(VppTestCase):
         # (like delete interface events from other tests)
         self.vapi.collect_events()
 
-        vhost_if = VppVhostInterface(self, sock_filename='/tmp/sock1')
+        vhost_if = VppVhostInterface(self, sock_filename="/tmp/sock1")
 
         # create vhost interface
         vhost_if.add_vpp_config()
@@ -111,8 +110,7 @@ class TesVhostInterface(VppTestCase):
         # delete vhost interface
         vhost_if.remove_vpp_config()
         event = self.vapi.wait_for_event(timeout=1)
-        self.assert_equal(event.sw_if_index, vhost_if.sw_if_index,
-                          "sw_if_index")
+        self.assert_equal(event.sw_if_index, vhost_if.sw_if_index, "sw_if_index")
         self.assert_equal(event.deleted, 1, "deleted flag")
 
         # verify there are no more events
@@ -120,32 +118,28 @@ class TesVhostInterface(VppTestCase):
         self.assert_equal(len(events), 0, "number of events")
 
     def test_vhost_interface_custom_mac_addr(self):
-        """ Vhost User interface custom mac address test """
+        """Vhost User interface custom mac address test"""
 
         mac_addr = "aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff"
-        vhost_if = VppVhostInterface(self,
-                                     sock_filename='/tmp/sock1',
-                                     use_custom_mac=1,
-                                     mac_address=mac_addr)
+        vhost_if = VppVhostInterface(
+            self, sock_filename="/tmp/sock1", use_custom_mac=1, mac_address=mac_addr
+        )
 
         # create vhost interface
         vhost_if.add_vpp_config()
         self.sleep(0.1)
 
         # verify mac in the dump
-        if_dump_list = self.vapi.sw_interface_dump(
-            sw_if_index=vhost_if.sw_if_index
-        )
+        if_dump_list = self.vapi.sw_interface_dump(sw_if_index=vhost_if.sw_if_index)
         self.assert_equal(len(if_dump_list), 1, "if dump length")
 
         [if_dump] = if_dump_list
-        self.assert_equal(
-            if_dump.l2_address.mac_string, mac_addr, "MAC Address"
-        )
+        self.assert_equal(if_dump.l2_address.mac_string, mac_addr, "MAC Address")
 
         # delete VirtualEthernet
         self.logger.info("Deleting VirtualEthernet")
         vhost_if.remove_vpp_config()
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_vlib.py b/test/test_vlib.py
index 242acab4594..76a55e65a03 100644
--- a/test/test_vlib.py
+++ b/test/test_vlib.py
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ from vpp_ip_route import VppIpTable, VppIpRoute, VppRoutePath
 
 @unittest.skipUnless(config.gcov, "part of code coverage tests")
 class TestVlib(VppTestCase):
-    """ Vlib Unit Test Cases """
+    """Vlib Unit Test Cases"""
+
     vpp_worker_count = 1
 
     @classmethod
@@ -29,171 +30,174 @@ class TestVlib(VppTestCase):
         super(TestVlib, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_vlib_main_unittest(self):
-        """ Vlib main.c Code Coverage Test """
+        """Vlib main.c Code Coverage Test"""
 
-        cmds = ["loopback create",
-                "packet-generator new {\n"
-                " name vlib\n"
-                " limit 15\n"
-                " size 128-128\n"
-                " interface loop0\n"
-                " node ethernet-input\n"
-                " data {\n"
-                "   IP6: 00:d0:2d:5e:86:85 -> 00:0d:ea:d0:00:00\n"
-                "   ICMP: db00::1 -> db00::2\n"
-                "   incrementing 30\n"
-                "   }\n"
-                "}\n",
-                "event-logger trace dispatch",
-                "event-logger stop",
-                "event-logger clear",
-                "event-logger resize 102400",
-                "event-logger restart",
-                "pcap dispatch trace on max 100 buffer-trace pg-input 15",
-                "pa en",
-                "show event-log 100 all",
-                "event-log save",
-                "event-log save foo",
-                "pcap dispatch trace",
-                "pcap dispatch trace status",
-                "pcap dispatch trace off",
-                "show vlib frame-allocation",
-                ]
+        cmds = [
+            "loopback create",
+            "packet-generator new {\n"
+            " name vlib\n"
+            " limit 15\n"
+            " size 128-128\n"
+            " interface loop0\n"
+            " node ethernet-input\n"
+            " data {\n"
+            "   IP6: 00:d0:2d:5e:86:85 -> 00:0d:ea:d0:00:00\n"
+            "   ICMP: db00::1 -> db00::2\n"
+            "   incrementing 30\n"
+            "   }\n"
+            "}\n",
+            "event-logger trace dispatch",
+            "event-logger stop",
+            "event-logger clear",
+            "event-logger resize 102400",
+            "event-logger restart",
+            "pcap dispatch trace on max 100 buffer-trace pg-input 15",
+            "pa en",
+            "show event-log 100 all",
+            "event-log save",
+            "event-log save foo",
+            "pcap dispatch trace",
+            "pcap dispatch trace status",
+            "pcap dispatch trace off",
+            "show vlib frame-allocation",
+        ]
 
         for cmd in cmds:
             r = self.vapi.cli_return_response(cmd)
             if r.retval != 0:
-                if hasattr(r, 'reply'):
+                if hasattr(r, "reply"):
                     self.logger.info(cmd + " FAIL reply " + r.reply)
                 else:
                     self.logger.info(cmd + " FAIL retval " + str(r.retval))
 
     def test_vlib_node_cli_unittest(self):
-        """ Vlib node_cli.c Code Coverage Test """
+        """Vlib node_cli.c Code Coverage Test"""
 
-        cmds = ["loopback create",
-                "packet-generator new {\n"
-                " name vlib\n"
-                " limit 15\n"
-                " size 128-128\n"
-                " interface loop0\n"
-                " node ethernet-input\n"
-                " data {\n"
-                "   IP6: 00:d0:2d:5e:86:85 -> 00:0d:ea:d0:00:00\n"
-                "   ICMP: db00::1 -> db00::2\n"
-                "   incrementing 30\n"
-                "   }\n"
-                "}\n",
-                "show vlib graph",
-                "show vlib graph ethernet-input",
-                "show vlib graphviz",
-                "show vlib graphviz graphviz.dot",
-                "pa en",
-                "show runtime ethernet-input",
-                "show runtime brief verbose max summary",
-                "clear runtime",
-                "show node index 1",
-                "show node ethernet-input",
-                "show node pg-input",
-                "set node function",
-                "set node function no-such-node",
-                "set node function cdp-input default",
-                "set node function ethernet-input default",
-                "set node function ethernet-input bozo",
-                "set node function ethernet-input",
-                "show \t",
-                ]
+        cmds = [
+            "loopback create",
+            "packet-generator new {\n"
+            " name vlib\n"
+            " limit 15\n"
+            " size 128-128\n"
+            " interface loop0\n"
+            " node ethernet-input\n"
+            " data {\n"
+            "   IP6: 00:d0:2d:5e:86:85 -> 00:0d:ea:d0:00:00\n"
+            "   ICMP: db00::1 -> db00::2\n"
+            "   incrementing 30\n"
+            "   }\n"
+            "}\n",
+            "show vlib graph",
+            "show vlib graph ethernet-input",
+            "show vlib graphviz",
+            "show vlib graphviz graphviz.dot",
+            "pa en",
+            "show runtime ethernet-input",
+            "show runtime brief verbose max summary",
+            "clear runtime",
+            "show node index 1",
+            "show node ethernet-input",
+            "show node pg-input",
+            "set node function",
+            "set node function no-such-node",
+            "set node function cdp-input default",
+            "set node function ethernet-input default",
+            "set node function ethernet-input bozo",
+            "set node function ethernet-input",
+            "show \t",
+        ]
 
         for cmd in cmds:
             r = self.vapi.cli_return_response(cmd)
             if r.retval != 0:
-                if hasattr(r, 'reply'):
+                if hasattr(r, "reply"):
                     self.logger.info(cmd + " FAIL reply " + r.reply)
                 else:
                     self.logger.info(cmd + " FAIL retval " + str(r.retval))
 
     def test_vlib_buffer_c_unittest(self):
-        """ Vlib buffer.c Code Coverage Test """
+        """Vlib buffer.c Code Coverage Test"""
 
-        cmds = ["loopback create",
-                "packet-generator new {\n"
-                " name vlib\n"
-                " limit 15\n"
-                " size 128-128\n"
-                " interface loop0\n"
-                " node ethernet-input\n"
-                " data {\n"
-                "   IP6: 00:d0:2d:5e:86:85 -> 00:0d:ea:d0:00:00\n"
-                "   ICMP: db00::1 -> db00::2\n"
-                "   incrementing 30\n"
-                "   }\n"
-                "}\n",
-                "event-logger trace",
-                "event-logger trace enable",
-                "event-logger trace api cli barrier",
-                "pa en",
-                "show interface bogus",
-                "event-logger trace disable api cli barrier",
-                "event-logger trace circuit-node ethernet-input",
-                "event-logger trace circuit-node ethernet-input disable",
-                "clear interfaces",
-                "test vlib",
-                "test vlib2",
-                "show memory api-segment stats-segment main-heap verbose",
-                "leak-check { show memory }",
-                "show cpu",
-                "memory-trace main-heap",
-                "memory-trace main-heap api-segment stats-segment",
-                "leak-check { show version }",
-                "show version ?",
-                "comment { show version }",
-                "uncomment { show version }",
-                "show memory main-heap",
-                "show memory bogus",
-                "choices",
-                "test heap-validate",
-                "memory-trace main-heap disable",
-                "show buffers",
-                "show eve",
-                "show help",
-                "show ip ",
-                ]
+        cmds = [
+            "loopback create",
+            "packet-generator new {\n"
+            " name vlib\n"
+            " limit 15\n"
+            " size 128-128\n"
+            " interface loop0\n"
+            " node ethernet-input\n"
+            " data {\n"
+            "   IP6: 00:d0:2d:5e:86:85 -> 00:0d:ea:d0:00:00\n"
+            "   ICMP: db00::1 -> db00::2\n"
+            "   incrementing 30\n"
+            "   }\n"
+            "}\n",
+            "event-logger trace",
+            "event-logger trace enable",
+            "event-logger trace api cli barrier",
+            "pa en",
+            "show interface bogus",
+            "event-logger trace disable api cli barrier",
+            "event-logger trace circuit-node ethernet-input",
+            "event-logger trace circuit-node ethernet-input disable",
+            "clear interfaces",
+            "test vlib",
+            "test vlib2",
+            "show memory api-segment stats-segment main-heap verbose",
+            "leak-check { show memory }",
+            "show cpu",
+            "memory-trace main-heap",
+            "memory-trace main-heap api-segment stats-segment",
+            "leak-check { show version }",
+            "show version ?",
+            "comment { show version }",
+            "uncomment { show version }",
+            "show memory main-heap",
+            "show memory bogus",
+            "choices",
+            "test heap-validate",
+            "memory-trace main-heap disable",
+            "show buffers",
+            "show eve",
+            "show help",
+            "show ip ",
+        ]
 
         for cmd in cmds:
             r = self.vapi.cli_return_response(cmd)
             if r.retval != 0:
-                if hasattr(r, 'reply'):
+                if hasattr(r, "reply"):
                     self.logger.info(cmd + " FAIL reply " + r.reply)
                 else:
                     self.logger.info(cmd + " FAIL retval " + str(r.retval))
 
     def test_vlib_format_unittest(self):
-        """ Vlib format.c Code Coverage Test """
+        """Vlib format.c Code Coverage Test"""
 
-        cmds = ["loopback create",
-                "classify filter pcap mask l2 proto match l2 proto 0x86dd",
-                "classify filter pcap del",
-                "test format-vlib",
-                ]
+        cmds = [
+            "loopback create",
+            "classify filter pcap mask l2 proto match l2 proto 0x86dd",
+            "classify filter pcap del",
+            "test format-vlib",
+        ]
 
         for cmd in cmds:
             r = self.vapi.cli_return_response(cmd)
             if r.retval != 0:
-                if hasattr(r, 'reply'):
+                if hasattr(r, "reply"):
                     self.logger.info(cmd + " FAIL reply " + r.reply)
                 else:
                     self.logger.info(cmd + " FAIL retval " + str(r.retval))
 
     def test_vlib_main_unittest(self):
-        """ Private Binary API Segment Test (takes 70 seconds) """
+        """Private Binary API Segment Test (takes 70 seconds)"""
 
-        vat_path = config.vpp + '_api_test'
-        vat = pexpect.spawn(vat_path, ['socket-name',
-                                       self.get_api_sock_path()])
+        vat_path = config.vpp + "_api_test"
+        vat = pexpect.spawn(vat_path, ["socket-name", self.get_api_sock_path()])
         vat.expect("vat# ", timeout=10)
-        vat.sendline('sock_init_shm')
+        vat.sendline("sock_init_shm")
         vat.expect("vat# ", timeout=10)
-        vat.sendline('sh api cli')
+        vat.sendline("sh api cli")
         vat.kill(signal.SIGKILL)
         vat.wait()
         self.logger.info("vat terminated, 70 second wait for the Reaper")
@@ -201,18 +205,20 @@ class TestVlib(VppTestCase):
         self.logger.info("Reaper should be complete...")
 
     def test_pool(self):
-        """ Fixed-size Pool Test """
+        """Fixed-size Pool Test"""
 
-        cmds = ["test pool",
-                ]
+        cmds = [
+            "test pool",
+        ]
 
         for cmd in cmds:
             r = self.vapi.cli_return_response(cmd)
             if r.retval != 0:
-                if hasattr(r, 'reply'):
+                if hasattr(r, "reply"):
                     self.logger.info(cmd + " FAIL reply " + r.reply)
                 else:
                     self.logger.info(cmd + " FAIL retval " + str(r.retval))
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_vpe_api.py b/test/test_vpe_api.py
index 54f7e41151b..d7d4cc72ff7 100644
--- a/test/test_vpe_api.py
+++ b/test/test_vpe_api.py
@@ -23,33 +23,33 @@ class TestVpeApi(VppTestCase):
     """TestVpeApi"""
 
     def test_log_dump_default(self):
-        rv = self.vapi.cli('test log notice fib entry this is a test')
+        rv = self.vapi.cli("test log notice fib entry this is a test")
         rv = self.vapi.log_dump()
         if enable_print:
-            print('\n'.join([str(v) for v in rv]))
+            print("\n".join([str(v) for v in rv]))
         self.assertTrue(rv)
 
     def test_log_dump_timestamp_0(self):
-        rv = self.vapi.cli('test log notice fib entry this is a test')
+        rv = self.vapi.cli("test log notice fib entry this is a test")
         rv = self.vapi.log_dump(start_timestamp=0.0)
         if enable_print:
-            print('\n'.join([str(v) for v in rv]))
+            print("\n".join([str(v) for v in rv]))
         self.assertTrue(rv)
 
     def test_log_dump_timestamp_future(self):
-        rv = self.vapi.cli('test log debug fib entry test')
+        rv = self.vapi.cli("test log debug fib entry test")
         rv = self.vapi.log_dump(start_timestamp=time.time() + 60.0)
         if enable_print:
-            print('\n'.join([str(v) for v in rv]))
+            print("\n".join([str(v) for v in rv]))
         self.assertFalse(rv)
 
     def test_show_vpe_system_time(self):
         local_start_time = datetime.datetime.now()
         rv = self.vapi.show_vpe_system_time()
-        self.assertTrue(rv.vpe_system_time > local_start_time -
-                        datetime.timedelta(hours=1.0),
-                        'system times differ by more than an hour.')
+        self.assertTrue(
+            rv.vpe_system_time > local_start_time - datetime.timedelta(hours=1.0),
+            "system times differ by more than an hour.",
+        )
         if enable_print:
-            print('\n'.join([str(v) for v in rv]))
-            print('%r %s' % (rv.vpe_system_time,
-                             rv.vpe_system_time))
+            print("\n".join([str(v) for v in rv]))
+            print("%r %s" % (rv.vpe_system_time, rv.vpe_system_time))
diff --git a/test/test_vppinfra.py b/test/test_vppinfra.py
index 36cd55b3550..3a8f8e96fee 100644
--- a/test/test_vppinfra.py
+++ b/test/test_vppinfra.py
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ from framework import VppTestCase, VppTestRunner
 
 
 class TestVppinfra(VppTestCase):
-    """ Vppinfra Unit Test Cases """
+    """Vppinfra Unit Test Cases"""
+
     vpp_worker_count = 1
 
     @classmethod
@@ -24,16 +25,17 @@ class TestVppinfra(VppTestCase):
         super(TestVppinfra, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_bitmap_unittest(self):
-        """ Bitmap Code Coverage Test """
+        """Bitmap Code Coverage Test"""
         cmds = ["test bitmap"]
 
         for cmd in cmds:
             r = self.vapi.cli_return_response(cmd)
             if r.retval != 0:
-                if hasattr(r, 'reply'):
+                if hasattr(r, "reply"):
                     self.logger.info(cmd + " FAIL reply " + r.reply)
                 else:
                     self.logger.info(cmd + " FAIL retval " + str(r.retval))
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_vrrp.py b/test/test_vrrp.py
index 6a62a88c2a1..9319b0fa6da 100644
--- a/test/test_vrrp.py
+++ b/test/test_vrrp.py
@@ -17,9 +17,18 @@ from vpp_papi import VppEnum
 from scapy.packet import raw
 from scapy.layers.l2 import Ether, ARP
 from scapy.layers.inet import IP, ICMP, icmptypes
-from scapy.layers.inet6 import IPv6, ipv6nh, IPv6ExtHdrHopByHop, \
-    ICMPv6MLReport2, ICMPv6ND_NA, ICMPv6ND_NS, ICMPv6NDOptDstLLAddr, \
-    ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr, ICMPv6EchoRequest, ICMPv6EchoReply
+from scapy.layers.inet6 import (
+    IPv6,
+    ipv6nh,
+    IPv6ExtHdrHopByHop,
+    ICMPv6MLReport2,
+    ICMPv6ND_NA,
+    ICMPv6ND_NS,
+    ICMPv6NDOptDstLLAddr,
+    ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr,
+    ICMPv6EchoRequest,
+    ICMPv6EchoReply,
+)
 from scapy.contrib.igmpv3 import IGMPv3, IGMPv3mr, IGMPv3gr
 from scapy.layers.vrrp import IPPROTO_VRRP, VRRPv3
 from scapy.utils6 import in6_getnsma, in6_getnsmac
@@ -37,11 +46,11 @@ VRRP_VR_STATE_BACKUP = 1
 VRRP_VR_STATE_MASTER = 2
 VRRP_VR_STATE_INTF_DOWN = 3
 
-VRRP_INDEX_INVALID = 0xffffffff
+VRRP_INDEX_INVALID = 0xFFFFFFFF
 
 
 def is_non_arp(p):
-    """ Want to filter out advertisements, igmp, etc"""
+    """Want to filter out advertisements, igmp, etc"""
     if p.haslayer(ARP):
         return False
 
@@ -49,7 +58,7 @@ def is_non_arp(p):
 
 
 def is_not_adv(p):
-    """ Filter out everything but advertisements. E.g. multicast RD/ND """
+    """Filter out everything but advertisements. E.g. multicast RD/ND"""
     if p.haslayer(VRRPv3):
         return False
 
@@ -57,7 +66,7 @@ def is_not_adv(p):
 
 
 def is_not_echo_reply(p):
-    """ filter out advertisements and other while waiting for echo reply """
+    """filter out advertisements and other while waiting for echo reply"""
     if p.haslayer(IP) and p.haslayer(ICMP):
         if icmptypes[p[ICMP].type] == "echo-reply":
             return False
@@ -68,15 +77,16 @@ def is_not_echo_reply(p):
 
 
 class VppVRRPVirtualRouter(VppObject):
-
-    def __init__(self,
-                 test,
-                 intf,
-                 vr_id,
-                 prio=100,
-                 intvl=100,
-                 flags=VRRP_VR_FLAG_PREEMPT,
-                 vips=None):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        test,
+        intf,
+        vr_id,
+        prio=100,
+        intvl=100,
+        flags=VRRP_VR_FLAG_PREEMPT,
+        vips=None,
+    ):
         self._test = test
         self._intf = intf
         self._sw_if_index = self._intf.sw_if_index
@@ -84,40 +94,44 @@ class VppVRRPVirtualRouter(VppObject):
         self._prio = prio
         self._intvl = intvl
         self._flags = flags
-        if (flags & VRRP_VR_FLAG_IPV6):
+        if flags & VRRP_VR_FLAG_IPV6:
             self._is_ipv6 = 1
             self._adv_dest_mac = "33:33:00:00:00:12"
             self._virtual_mac = "00:00:5e:00:02:%02x" % vr_id
             self._adv_dest_ip = "ff02::12"
-            self._vips = ([intf.local_ip6] if vips is None else vips)
+            self._vips = [intf.local_ip6] if vips is None else vips
         else:
             self._is_ipv6 = 0
             self._adv_dest_mac = "01:00:5e:00:00:12"
             self._virtual_mac = "00:00:5e:00:01:%02x" % vr_id
             self._adv_dest_ip = "224.0.0.18"
-            self._vips = ([intf.local_ip4] if vips is None else vips)
+            self._vips = [intf.local_ip4] if vips is None else vips
         self._tracked_ifs = []
         self._vrrp_index = VRRP_INDEX_INVALID
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
-        self._test.vapi.vrrp_vr_add_del(is_add=1,
-                                        sw_if_index=self._intf.sw_if_index,
-                                        vr_id=self._vr_id,
-                                        priority=self._prio,
-                                        interval=self._intvl,
-                                        flags=self._flags,
-                                        n_addrs=len(self._vips),
-                                        addrs=self._vips)
+        self._test.vapi.vrrp_vr_add_del(
+            is_add=1,
+            sw_if_index=self._intf.sw_if_index,
+            vr_id=self._vr_id,
+            priority=self._prio,
+            interval=self._intvl,
+            flags=self._flags,
+            n_addrs=len(self._vips),
+            addrs=self._vips,
+        )
 
     def update_vpp_config(self):
-        r = self._test.vapi.vrrp_vr_update(vrrp_index=self._vrrp_index,
-                                           sw_if_index=self._intf.sw_if_index,
-                                           vr_id=self._vr_id,
-                                           priority=self._prio,
-                                           interval=self._intvl,
-                                           flags=self._flags,
-                                           n_addrs=len(self._vips),
-                                           addrs=self._vips)
+        r = self._test.vapi.vrrp_vr_update(
+            vrrp_index=self._vrrp_index,
+            sw_if_index=self._intf.sw_if_index,
+            vr_id=self._vr_id,
+            priority=self._prio,
+            interval=self._intvl,
+            flags=self._flags,
+            n_addrs=len(self._vips),
+            addrs=self._vips,
+        )
         self._vrrp_index = r.vrrp_index
 
     def delete_vpp_config(self):
@@ -129,7 +143,7 @@ class VppVRRPVirtualRouter(VppObject):
             if vr.config.vr_id != self._vr_id:
                 continue
 
-            is_ipv6 = (1 if (vr.config.flags & VRRP_VR_FLAG_IPV6) else 0)
+            is_ipv6 = 1 if (vr.config.flags & VRRP_VR_FLAG_IPV6) else 0
             if is_ipv6 != self._is_ipv6:
                 continue
 
@@ -138,41 +152,45 @@ class VppVRRPVirtualRouter(VppObject):
         return None
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
-        self._test.vapi.vrrp_vr_add_del(is_add=0,
-                                        sw_if_index=self._intf.sw_if_index,
-                                        vr_id=self._vr_id,
-                                        priority=self._prio,
-                                        interval=self._intvl,
-                                        flags=self._flags,
-                                        n_addrs=len(self._vips),
-                                        addrs=self._vips)
+        self._test.vapi.vrrp_vr_add_del(
+            is_add=0,
+            sw_if_index=self._intf.sw_if_index,
+            vr_id=self._vr_id,
+            priority=self._prio,
+            interval=self._intvl,
+            flags=self._flags,
+            n_addrs=len(self._vips),
+            addrs=self._vips,
+        )
 
     def start_stop(self, is_start):
-        self._test.vapi.vrrp_vr_start_stop(is_start=is_start,
-                                           sw_if_index=self._intf.sw_if_index,
-                                           vr_id=self._vr_id,
-                                           is_ipv6=self._is_ipv6)
-        self._start_time = (time.time() if is_start else None)
+        self._test.vapi.vrrp_vr_start_stop(
+            is_start=is_start,
+            sw_if_index=self._intf.sw_if_index,
+            vr_id=self._vr_id,
+            is_ipv6=self._is_ipv6,
+        )
+        self._start_time = time.time() if is_start else None
 
     def add_del_tracked_interface(self, is_add, sw_if_index, prio):
         args = {
-            'sw_if_index': self._intf.sw_if_index,
-            'is_ipv6': self._is_ipv6,
-            'vr_id': self._vr_id,
-            'is_add': is_add,
-            'n_ifs': 1,
-            'ifs': [{'sw_if_index': sw_if_index, 'priority': prio}]
+            "sw_if_index": self._intf.sw_if_index,
+            "is_ipv6": self._is_ipv6,
+            "vr_id": self._vr_id,
+            "is_add": is_add,
+            "n_ifs": 1,
+            "ifs": [{"sw_if_index": sw_if_index, "priority": prio}],
         }
         self._test.vapi.vrrp_vr_track_if_add_del(**args)
-        self._tracked_ifs.append(args['ifs'][0])
+        self._tracked_ifs.append(args["ifs"][0])
 
     def set_unicast_peers(self, addrs):
         args = {
-            'sw_if_index': self._intf.sw_if_index,
-            'is_ipv6': self._is_ipv6,
-            'vr_id': self._vr_id,
-            'n_addrs': len(addrs),
-            'addrs': addrs
+            "sw_if_index": self._intf.sw_if_index,
+            "is_ipv6": self._is_ipv6,
+            "vr_id": self._vr_id,
+            "n_addrs": len(addrs),
+            "addrs": addrs,
         }
         self._test.vapi.vrrp_vr_set_peers(**args)
         self._unicast_peers = addrs
@@ -210,21 +228,22 @@ class VppVRRPVirtualRouter(VppObject):
 
     def master_down_seconds(self):
         vr_details = self.query_vpp_config()
-        return (vr_details.runtime.master_down_int * 0.01)
+        return vr_details.runtime.master_down_int * 0.01
 
     def vrrp_adv_packet(self, prio=None, src_ip=None):
         dst_ip = self._adv_dest_ip
         if prio is None:
             prio = self._prio
         eth = Ether(dst=self._adv_dest_mac, src=self._virtual_mac)
-        vrrp = VRRPv3(vrid=self._vr_id, priority=prio,
-                      ipcount=len(self._vips), adv=self._intvl)
+        vrrp = VRRPv3(
+            vrid=self._vr_id, priority=prio, ipcount=len(self._vips), adv=self._intvl
+        )
         if self._is_ipv6:
-            src_ip = (self._intf.local_ip6_ll if src_ip is None else src_ip)
+            src_ip = self._intf.local_ip6_ll if src_ip is None else src_ip
             ip = IPv6(src=src_ip, dst=dst_ip, nh=IPPROTO_VRRP, hlim=255)
             vrrp.addrlist = self._vips
         else:
-            src_ip = (self._intf.local_ip4 if src_ip is None else src_ip)
+            src_ip = self._intf.local_ip4 if src_ip is None else src_ip
             ip = IP(src=src_ip, dst=dst_ip, proto=IPPROTO_VRRP, ttl=255, id=0)
             vrrp.addrlist = self._vips
 
@@ -234,7 +253,7 @@ class VppVRRPVirtualRouter(VppObject):
 
 
 class TestVRRP4(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv4 VRRP Test Case """
+    """IPv4 VRRP Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -284,8 +303,7 @@ class TestVRRP4(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(ip.proto, 2)
 
         igmp = pkt[IGMPv3]
-        self.assertEqual(IGMPv3.igmpv3types[igmp.type],
-                         "Version 3 Membership Report")
+        self.assertEqual(IGMPv3.igmpv3types[igmp.type], "Version 3 Membership Report")
 
         igmpmr = pkt[IGMPv3mr]
         self.assertEqual(igmpmr.numgrp, 1)
@@ -330,15 +348,15 @@ class TestVRRP4(VppTestCase):
     # become master and start advertising immediately.
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
     def test_vrrp4_master_adv(self):
-        """ IPv4 Master VR advertises """
+        """IPv4 Master VR advertises"""
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
         prio = 255
         intvl = self._default_adv
-        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(self, self.pg0, 100,
-                                  prio=prio, intvl=intvl,
-                                  flags=self._default_flags)
+        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(
+            self, self.pg0, 100, prio=prio, intvl=intvl, flags=self._default_flags
+        )
 
         vr.add_vpp_config()
         vr.start_stop(is_start=1)
@@ -362,25 +380,30 @@ class TestVRRP4(VppTestCase):
     # of parameters to test that too
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
     def test_vrrp4_master_adv_update(self):
-        """ IPv4 Master VR adv + Update to Backup """
+        """IPv4 Master VR adv + Update to Backup"""
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
         prio = 255
         intvl = self._default_adv
-        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(self, self.pg0, 100,
-                                  prio=prio, intvl=intvl,
-                                  flags=self._default_flags)
+        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(
+            self, self.pg0, 100, prio=prio, intvl=intvl, flags=self._default_flags
+        )
 
         vr.update_vpp_config()
         vr.start_stop(is_start=1)
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show vrrp vr"))
         # Update VR with lower prio and larger interval
         # we need to keep old VR for the adv checks
-        upd_vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(self, self.pg0, 100,
-                                      prio=100, intvl=2*intvl,
-                                      flags=self._default_flags,
-                                      vips=[self.pg0.remote_ip4])
+        upd_vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(
+            self,
+            self.pg0,
+            100,
+            prio=100,
+            intvl=2 * intvl,
+            flags=self._default_flags,
+            vips=[self.pg0.remote_ip4],
+        )
         upd_vr._vrrp_index = vr._vrrp_index
         upd_vr.update_vpp_config()
         start_time = time.time()
@@ -403,7 +426,7 @@ class TestVRRP4(VppTestCase):
         src_ip = self.pg0.remote_ip4
         pkts = [upd_vr.vrrp_adv_packet(prio=110, src_ip=src_ip)]
         while time.time() < end_time:
-            self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, pkts, timeout=intvl*0.01)
+            self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, pkts, timeout=intvl * 0.01)
             self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show trace"))
 
         upd_vr.start_stop(is_start=0)
@@ -413,7 +436,7 @@ class TestVRRP4(VppTestCase):
     # long as it receives higher priority advertisements
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
     def test_vrrp4_backup_noadv(self):
-        """ IPv4 Backup VR does not advertise """
+        """IPv4 Backup VR does not advertise"""
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
@@ -421,10 +444,15 @@ class TestVRRP4(VppTestCase):
         prio = 100
         intvl = self._default_adv
         intvl_s = intvl * 0.01
-        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(self, self.pg0, vr_id,
-                                  prio=prio, intvl=intvl,
-                                  flags=self._default_flags,
-                                  vips=[self.pg0.remote_ip4])
+        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(
+            self,
+            self.pg0,
+            vr_id,
+            prio=prio,
+            intvl=intvl,
+            flags=self._default_flags,
+            vips=[self.pg0.remote_ip4],
+        )
         self._vrs.append(vr)
         vr.add_vpp_config()
 
@@ -440,7 +468,7 @@ class TestVRRP4(VppTestCase):
 
         # send higher prio advertisements, should not receive any
         src_ip = self.pg0.remote_ip4
-        pkts = [vr.vrrp_adv_packet(prio=prio+10, src_ip=src_ip)]
+        pkts = [vr.vrrp_adv_packet(prio=prio + 10, src_ip=src_ip)]
         while time.time() < end_time:
             self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, pkts, timeout=intvl_s)
             self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show trace"))
@@ -451,16 +479,16 @@ class TestVRRP4(VppTestCase):
         self._vrs = []
 
     def test_vrrp4_master_arp(self):
-        """ IPv4 Master VR replies to ARP """
+        """IPv4 Master VR replies to ARP"""
         self.pg_start()
 
         # VR virtual IP is the default, which is the pg local IP
         vr_id = 100
         prio = 255
         intvl = self._default_adv
-        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(self, self.pg0, 100,
-                                  prio=prio, intvl=intvl,
-                                  flags=self._default_flags)
+        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(
+            self, self.pg0, 100, prio=prio, intvl=intvl, flags=self._default_flags
+        )
         self._vrs.append(vr)
 
         vr.add_vpp_config()
@@ -484,7 +512,7 @@ class TestVRRP4(VppTestCase):
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
     def test_vrrp4_backup_noarp(self):
-        """ IPv4 Backup VR ignores ARP """
+        """IPv4 Backup VR ignores ARP"""
         # We need an address for a virtual IP that is not the IP that
         # ARP requests will originate from
 
@@ -492,16 +520,24 @@ class TestVRRP4(VppTestCase):
         prio = 100
         intvl = self._default_adv
         vip = self.pg0.remote_hosts[1].ip4
-        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(self, self.pg0, vr_id,
-                                  prio=prio, intvl=intvl,
-                                  flags=self._default_flags,
-                                  vips=[vip])
+        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(
+            self,
+            self.pg0,
+            vr_id,
+            prio=prio,
+            intvl=intvl,
+            flags=self._default_flags,
+            vips=[vip],
+        )
         self._vrs.append(vr)
         vr.add_vpp_config()
 
-        arp_req = (Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                   ARP(op=ARP.who_has, pdst=vip,
-                   psrc=self.pg0.remote_ip4, hwsrc=self.pg0.remote_mac))
+        arp_req = Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.pg0.remote_mac) / ARP(
+            op=ARP.who_has,
+            pdst=vip,
+            psrc=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            hwsrc=self.pg0.remote_mac,
+        )
 
         # Before the VR is started make sure no reply to request for VIP
         self.pg_start()
@@ -510,7 +546,7 @@ class TestVRRP4(VppTestCase):
 
         # VR should start in backup state and still should not reply to ARP
         # send a higher priority adv to make sure it does not become master
-        adv = vr.vrrp_adv_packet(prio=prio+10, src_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+        adv = vr.vrrp_adv_packet(prio=prio + 10, src_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip4)
         vr.start_stop(is_start=1)
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, [adv, arp_req], timeout=1)
 
@@ -520,17 +556,22 @@ class TestVRRP4(VppTestCase):
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
     def test_vrrp4_election(self):
-        """ IPv4 Backup VR becomes master if no advertisements received """
+        """IPv4 Backup VR becomes master if no advertisements received"""
 
         vr_id = 100
         prio = 100
         intvl = self._default_adv
         intvl_s = intvl * 0.01
         vip = self.pg0.remote_ip4
-        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(self, self.pg0, vr_id,
-                                  prio=prio, intvl=intvl,
-                                  flags=self._default_flags,
-                                  vips=[vip])
+        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(
+            self,
+            self.pg0,
+            vr_id,
+            prio=prio,
+            intvl=intvl,
+            flags=self._default_flags,
+            vips=[vip],
+        )
         self._vrs.append(vr)
         vr.add_vpp_config()
 
@@ -557,17 +598,22 @@ class TestVRRP4(VppTestCase):
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
     def test_vrrp4_backup_preempts(self):
-        """ IPv4 Backup VR preempts lower priority master """
+        """IPv4 Backup VR preempts lower priority master"""
 
         vr_id = 100
         prio = 100
         intvl = self._default_adv
         intvl_s = intvl * 0.01
         vip = self.pg0.remote_ip4
-        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(self, self.pg0, vr_id,
-                                  prio=prio, intvl=intvl,
-                                  flags=self._default_flags,
-                                  vips=[vip])
+        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(
+            self,
+            self.pg0,
+            vr_id,
+            prio=prio,
+            intvl=intvl,
+            flags=self._default_flags,
+            vips=[vip],
+        )
         self._vrs.append(vr)
         vr.add_vpp_config()
 
@@ -583,7 +629,7 @@ class TestVRRP4(VppTestCase):
 
         # send lower prio advertisements until timer expires
         src_ip = self.pg0.remote_ip4
-        pkts = [vr.vrrp_adv_packet(prio=prio-10, src_ip=src_ip)]
+        pkts = [vr.vrrp_adv_packet(prio=prio - 10, src_ip=src_ip)]
         while time.time() + intvl_s < end_time:
             self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, pkts, timeout=intvl_s)
             self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show trace"))
@@ -595,7 +641,7 @@ class TestVRRP4(VppTestCase):
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
     def test_vrrp4_master_preempted(self):
-        """ IPv4 Master VR preempted by higher priority backup """
+        """IPv4 Master VR preempted by higher priority backup"""
 
         # A prio 255 VR cannot be preempted so the prio has to be lower and
         # we have to wait for it to take over
@@ -603,10 +649,15 @@ class TestVRRP4(VppTestCase):
         prio = 100
         intvl = self._default_adv
         vip = self.pg0.remote_ip4
-        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(self, self.pg0, vr_id,
-                                  prio=prio, intvl=intvl,
-                                  flags=self._default_flags,
-                                  vips=[vip])
+        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(
+            self,
+            self.pg0,
+            vr_id,
+            prio=prio,
+            intvl=intvl,
+            flags=self._default_flags,
+            vips=[vip],
+        )
         self._vrs.append(vr)
         vr.add_vpp_config()
 
@@ -632,7 +683,7 @@ class TestVRRP4(VppTestCase):
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
     def test_vrrp4_accept_mode_disabled(self):
-        """ IPv4 Master VR does not reply for VIP w/ accept mode off """
+        """IPv4 Master VR does not reply for VIP w/ accept mode off"""
 
         # accept mode only matters when prio < 255, so it will have to
         # come up as a backup and take over as master after the timeout
@@ -640,10 +691,15 @@ class TestVRRP4(VppTestCase):
         prio = 100
         intvl = self._default_adv
         vip = self.pg0.remote_hosts[4].ip4
-        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(self, self.pg0, vr_id,
-                                  prio=prio, intvl=intvl,
-                                  flags=self._default_flags,
-                                  vips=[vip])
+        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(
+            self,
+            self.pg0,
+            vr_id,
+            prio=prio,
+            intvl=intvl,
+            flags=self._default_flags,
+            vips=[vip],
+        )
         self._vrs.append(vr)
         vr.add_vpp_config()
 
@@ -661,9 +717,11 @@ class TestVRRP4(VppTestCase):
         vr.assert_state_equals(VRRP_VR_STATE_MASTER)
 
         # send an ICMP echo to the VR virtual IP address
-        echo = (Ether(dst=vr.virtual_mac(), src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                IP(dst=vip, src=self.pg0.remote_ip4) /
-                ICMP(seq=1, id=self.pg0.sw_if_index, type='echo-request'))
+        echo = (
+            Ether(dst=vr.virtual_mac(), src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(dst=vip, src=self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+            / ICMP(seq=1, id=self.pg0.sw_if_index, type="echo-request")
+        )
         self.pg_send(self.pg0, [echo])
 
         # wait for an echo reply. none should be received
@@ -672,7 +730,7 @@ class TestVRRP4(VppTestCase):
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
     def test_vrrp4_accept_mode_enabled(self):
-        """ IPv4 Master VR replies for VIP w/ accept mode on """
+        """IPv4 Master VR replies for VIP w/ accept mode on"""
 
         # A prio 255 VR cannot be preempted so the prio has to be lower and
         # we have to wait for it to take over
@@ -680,11 +738,10 @@ class TestVRRP4(VppTestCase):
         prio = 100
         intvl = self._default_adv
         vip = self.pg0.remote_hosts[4].ip4
-        flags = (VRRP_VR_FLAG_PREEMPT | VRRP_VR_FLAG_ACCEPT)
-        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(self, self.pg0, vr_id,
-                                  prio=prio, intvl=intvl,
-                                  flags=flags,
-                                  vips=[vip])
+        flags = VRRP_VR_FLAG_PREEMPT | VRRP_VR_FLAG_ACCEPT
+        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(
+            self, self.pg0, vr_id, prio=prio, intvl=intvl, flags=flags, vips=[vip]
+        )
         self._vrs.append(vr)
         vr.add_vpp_config()
 
@@ -702,15 +759,18 @@ class TestVRRP4(VppTestCase):
         vr.assert_state_equals(VRRP_VR_STATE_MASTER)
 
         # send an ICMP echo to the VR virtual IP address
-        echo = (Ether(dst=vr.virtual_mac(), src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                IP(dst=vip, src=self.pg0.remote_ip4) /
-                ICMP(seq=1, id=self.pg0.sw_if_index, type='echo-request'))
+        echo = (
+            Ether(dst=vr.virtual_mac(), src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(dst=vip, src=self.pg0.remote_ip4)
+            / ICMP(seq=1, id=self.pg0.sw_if_index, type="echo-request")
+        )
         self.pg_send(self.pg0, [echo])
 
         # wait for an echo reply.
         time.sleep(1)
-        rx_pkts = self.pg0.get_capture(expected_count=1, timeout=1,
-                                       filter_out_fn=is_not_echo_reply)
+        rx_pkts = self.pg0.get_capture(
+            expected_count=1, timeout=1, filter_out_fn=is_not_echo_reply
+        )
 
         self.assertEqual(rx_pkts[0][IP].src, vip)
         self.assertEqual(rx_pkts[0][IP].dst, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
@@ -720,17 +780,22 @@ class TestVRRP4(VppTestCase):
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
     def test_vrrp4_intf_tracking(self):
-        """ IPv4 Master VR adjusts priority based on tracked interface """
+        """IPv4 Master VR adjusts priority based on tracked interface"""
 
         vr_id = 100
         prio = 255
         intvl = self._default_adv
         intvl_s = intvl * 0.01
         vip = self.pg0.local_ip4
-        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(self, self.pg0, vr_id,
-                                  prio=prio, intvl=intvl,
-                                  flags=self._default_flags,
-                                  vips=[vip])
+        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(
+            self,
+            self.pg0,
+            vr_id,
+            prio=prio,
+            intvl=intvl,
+            flags=self._default_flags,
+            vips=[vip],
+        )
         self._vrs.append(vr)
         vr.add_vpp_config()
 
@@ -740,9 +805,9 @@ class TestVRRP4(VppTestCase):
         # add pg1 as a tracked interface and start the VR
         adjustment = 50
         adjusted_prio = prio - adjustment
-        vr.add_del_tracked_interface(is_add=1,
-                                     sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                     prio=adjustment)
+        vr.add_del_tracked_interface(
+            is_add=1, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, prio=adjustment
+        )
         vr.start_stop(is_start=1)
         vr.assert_state_equals(VRRP_VR_STATE_MASTER)
 
@@ -751,53 +816,47 @@ class TestVRRP4(VppTestCase):
 
         # tracked intf is up ->  advertised priority == configured priority
         self.pg0.enable_capture()
-        rx = self.pg0.wait_for_packet(timeout=intvl_s,
-                                      filter_out_fn=is_not_adv)
+        rx = self.pg0.wait_for_packet(timeout=intvl_s, filter_out_fn=is_not_adv)
         self.assertEqual(rx, adv_configured)
 
         # take down pg1, verify priority is now being adjusted
         self.pg1.admin_down()
         self.pg0.enable_capture()
-        rx = self.pg0.wait_for_packet(timeout=intvl_s,
-                                      filter_out_fn=is_not_adv)
+        rx = self.pg0.wait_for_packet(timeout=intvl_s, filter_out_fn=is_not_adv)
         self.assertEqual(rx, adv_adjusted)
 
         # bring up pg1, verify priority now matches configured value
         self.pg1.admin_up()
         self.pg0.enable_capture()
-        rx = self.pg0.wait_for_packet(timeout=intvl_s,
-                                      filter_out_fn=is_not_adv)
+        rx = self.pg0.wait_for_packet(timeout=intvl_s, filter_out_fn=is_not_adv)
         self.assertEqual(rx, adv_configured)
 
         # remove IP address from pg1, verify priority now being adjusted
         self.pg1.unconfig_ip4()
         self.pg0.enable_capture()
-        rx = self.pg0.wait_for_packet(timeout=intvl_s,
-                                      filter_out_fn=is_not_adv)
+        rx = self.pg0.wait_for_packet(timeout=intvl_s, filter_out_fn=is_not_adv)
         self.assertEqual(rx, adv_adjusted)
 
         # add IP address to pg1, verify priority now matches configured value
         self.pg1.config_ip4()
         self.pg0.enable_capture()
-        rx = self.pg0.wait_for_packet(timeout=intvl_s,
-                                      filter_out_fn=is_not_adv)
+        rx = self.pg0.wait_for_packet(timeout=intvl_s, filter_out_fn=is_not_adv)
         self.assertEqual(rx, adv_configured)
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
     def test_vrrp4_master_adv_unicast(self):
-        """ IPv4 Master VR advertises (unicast) """
+        """IPv4 Master VR advertises (unicast)"""
 
         vr_id = 100
         prio = 255
         intvl = self._default_adv
         intvl_s = intvl * 0.01
         vip = self.pg0.local_ip4
-        flags = (self._default_flags | VRRP_VR_FLAG_UNICAST)
+        flags = self._default_flags | VRRP_VR_FLAG_UNICAST
         unicast_peer = self.pg0.remote_hosts[4]
-        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(self, self.pg0, vr_id,
-                                  prio=prio, intvl=intvl,
-                                  flags=flags,
-                                  vips=[vip])
+        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(
+            self, self.pg0, vr_id, prio=prio, intvl=intvl, flags=flags, vips=[vip]
+        )
         self._vrs.append(vr)
         vr.add_vpp_config()
         vr.set_unicast_peers([unicast_peer.ip4])
@@ -810,8 +869,7 @@ class TestVRRP4(VppTestCase):
         vr.assert_state_equals(VRRP_VR_STATE_MASTER)
 
         self.pg0.enable_capture()
-        rx = self.pg0.wait_for_packet(timeout=intvl_s,
-                                      filter_out_fn=is_not_adv)
+        rx = self.pg0.wait_for_packet(timeout=intvl_s, filter_out_fn=is_not_adv)
 
         self.assertTrue(rx.haslayer(Ether))
         self.assertTrue(rx.haslayer(IP))
@@ -827,7 +885,7 @@ class TestVRRP4(VppTestCase):
 
 
 class TestVRRP6(VppTestCase):
-    """ IPv6 VRRP Test Case """
+    """IPv6 VRRP Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -849,7 +907,7 @@ class TestVRRP6(VppTestCase):
             i.configure_ipv6_neighbors()
 
         self._vrs = []
-        self._default_flags = (VRRP_VR_FLAG_IPV6 | VRRP_VR_FLAG_PREEMPT)
+        self._default_flags = VRRP_VR_FLAG_IPV6 | VRRP_VR_FLAG_PREEMPT
         self._default_adv = 100
 
     def tearDown(self):
@@ -922,15 +980,15 @@ class TestVRRP6(VppTestCase):
     # become master and start advertising immediately.
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
     def test_vrrp6_master_adv(self):
-        """ IPv6 Master VR advertises """
+        """IPv6 Master VR advertises"""
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
         prio = 255
         intvl = self._default_adv
-        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(self, self.pg0, 100,
-                                  prio=prio, intvl=intvl,
-                                  flags=self._default_flags)
+        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(
+            self, self.pg0, 100, prio=prio, intvl=intvl, flags=self._default_flags
+        )
         self._vrs.append(vr)
 
         vr.add_vpp_config()
@@ -956,25 +1014,30 @@ class TestVRRP6(VppTestCase):
     # of parameters to test that too
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
     def test_vrrp6_master_adv_update(self):
-        """ IPv6 Master VR adv + Update to Backup """
+        """IPv6 Master VR adv + Update to Backup"""
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
         prio = 255
         intvl = self._default_adv
-        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(self, self.pg0, 100,
-                                  prio=prio, intvl=intvl,
-                                  flags=self._default_flags)
+        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(
+            self, self.pg0, 100, prio=prio, intvl=intvl, flags=self._default_flags
+        )
 
         vr.update_vpp_config()
         vr.start_stop(is_start=1)
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show vrrp vr"))
         # Update VR with lower prio and larger interval
         # we need to keep old VR for the adv checks
-        upd_vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(self, self.pg0, 100,
-                                      prio=100, intvl=2*intvl,
-                                      flags=self._default_flags,
-                                      vips=[self.pg0.remote_ip6])
+        upd_vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(
+            self,
+            self.pg0,
+            100,
+            prio=100,
+            intvl=2 * intvl,
+            flags=self._default_flags,
+            vips=[self.pg0.remote_ip6],
+        )
         upd_vr._vrrp_index = vr._vrrp_index
         upd_vr.update_vpp_config()
         start_time = time.time()
@@ -1000,7 +1063,8 @@ class TestVRRP6(VppTestCase):
         end_time = start_time + 2 * upd_vr.master_down_seconds()
         while time.time() < end_time:
             self.send_and_assert_no_replies(
-                self.pg0, pkts, timeout=0.01*upd_vr._intvl)
+                self.pg0, pkts, timeout=0.01 * upd_vr._intvl
+            )
             self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show trace"))
 
         vr.start_stop(is_start=0)
@@ -1010,7 +1074,7 @@ class TestVRRP6(VppTestCase):
     # long as it receives higher priority advertisements
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
     def test_vrrp6_backup_noadv(self):
-        """ IPv6 Backup VR does not advertise """
+        """IPv6 Backup VR does not advertise"""
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
@@ -1018,10 +1082,15 @@ class TestVRRP6(VppTestCase):
         prio = 100
         intvl = self._default_adv
         intvl_s = intvl * 0.01
-        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(self, self.pg0, vr_id,
-                                  prio=prio, intvl=intvl,
-                                  flags=self._default_flags,
-                                  vips=[self.pg0.remote_ip6])
+        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(
+            self,
+            self.pg0,
+            vr_id,
+            prio=prio,
+            intvl=intvl,
+            flags=self._default_flags,
+            vips=[self.pg0.remote_ip6],
+        )
         vr.add_vpp_config()
         self._vrs.append(vr)
 
@@ -1037,7 +1106,7 @@ class TestVRRP6(VppTestCase):
         # send higher prio advertisements, should not see VPP send any
         src_ip = self.pg0.remote_ip6_ll
         num_advs = 5
-        pkts = [vr.vrrp_adv_packet(prio=prio+10, src_ip=src_ip)]
+        pkts = [vr.vrrp_adv_packet(prio=prio + 10, src_ip=src_ip)]
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show vlib graph"))
         while time.time() < end_time:
             self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, pkts, timeout=intvl_s)
@@ -1050,16 +1119,16 @@ class TestVRRP6(VppTestCase):
         self._vrs = []
 
     def test_vrrp6_master_nd(self):
-        """ IPv6 Master VR replies to NDP """
+        """IPv6 Master VR replies to NDP"""
         self.pg_start()
 
         # VR virtual IP is the default, which is the pg local IP
         vr_id = 100
         prio = 255
         intvl = self._default_adv
-        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(self, self.pg0, 100,
-                                  prio=prio, intvl=intvl,
-                                  flags=self._default_flags)
+        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(
+            self, self.pg0, 100, prio=prio, intvl=intvl, flags=self._default_flags
+        )
         vr.add_vpp_config()
         self._vrs.append(vr)
 
@@ -1082,7 +1151,7 @@ class TestVRRP6(VppTestCase):
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
     def test_vrrp6_backup_nond(self):
-        """ IPv6 Backup VR ignores NDP """
+        """IPv6 Backup VR ignores NDP"""
         # We need an address for a virtual IP that is not the IP that
         # ARP requests will originate from
 
@@ -1091,10 +1160,15 @@ class TestVRRP6(VppTestCase):
         intvl = self._default_adv
         intvl_s = intvl * 0.01
         vip = self.pg0.remote_hosts[1].ip6
-        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(self, self.pg0, vr_id,
-                                  prio=prio, intvl=intvl,
-                                  flags=self._default_flags,
-                                  vips=[vip])
+        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(
+            self,
+            self.pg0,
+            vr_id,
+            prio=prio,
+            intvl=intvl,
+            flags=self._default_flags,
+            vips=[vip],
+        )
         vr.add_vpp_config()
         self._vrs.append(vr)
 
@@ -1102,36 +1176,43 @@ class TestVRRP6(VppTestCase):
         dmac = in6_getnsmac(nsma)
         dst_ip = inet_ntop(socket.AF_INET6, nsma)
 
-        ndp_req = (Ether(dst=dmac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                   IPv6(dst=dst_ip, src=self.pg0.remote_ip6) /
-                   ICMPv6ND_NS(tgt=vip) /
-                   ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr(lladdr=self.pg0.remote_mac))
+        ndp_req = (
+            Ether(dst=dmac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(dst=dst_ip, src=self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+            / ICMPv6ND_NS(tgt=vip)
+            / ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr(lladdr=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+        )
 
         # Before the VR is started make sure no reply to request for VIP
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, [ndp_req], timeout=1)
 
         # VR should start in backup state and still should not reply to NDP
         # send a higher priority adv to make sure it does not become master
-        adv = vr.vrrp_adv_packet(prio=prio+10, src_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+        adv = vr.vrrp_adv_packet(prio=prio + 10, src_ip=self.pg0.remote_ip6)
         pkts = [adv, ndp_req]
         vr.start_stop(is_start=1)
-        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, pkts,  timeout=intvl_s)
+        self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, pkts, timeout=intvl_s)
 
         vr.start_stop(is_start=0)
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
     def test_vrrp6_election(self):
-        """ IPv6 Backup VR becomes master if no advertisements received """
+        """IPv6 Backup VR becomes master if no advertisements received"""
 
         vr_id = 100
         prio = 100
         intvl = self._default_adv
         intvl_s = intvl * 0.01
         vip = self.pg0.remote_ip6
-        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(self, self.pg0, vr_id,
-                                  prio=prio, intvl=intvl,
-                                  flags=self._default_flags,
-                                  vips=[vip])
+        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(
+            self,
+            self.pg0,
+            vr_id,
+            prio=prio,
+            intvl=intvl,
+            flags=self._default_flags,
+            vips=[vip],
+        )
         self._vrs.append(vr)
         vr.add_vpp_config()
 
@@ -1158,17 +1239,22 @@ class TestVRRP6(VppTestCase):
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
     def test_vrrp6_backup_preempts(self):
-        """ IPv6 Backup VR preempts lower priority master """
+        """IPv6 Backup VR preempts lower priority master"""
 
         vr_id = 100
         prio = 100
         intvl = self._default_adv
         intvl_s = intvl * 0.01
         vip = self.pg0.remote_ip6
-        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(self, self.pg0, vr_id,
-                                  prio=prio, intvl=intvl,
-                                  flags=self._default_flags,
-                                  vips=[vip])
+        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(
+            self,
+            self.pg0,
+            vr_id,
+            prio=prio,
+            intvl=intvl,
+            flags=self._default_flags,
+            vips=[vip],
+        )
         self._vrs.append(vr)
         vr.add_vpp_config()
 
@@ -1184,7 +1270,7 @@ class TestVRRP6(VppTestCase):
 
         # send lower prio advertisements until timer expires
         src_ip = self.pg0.remote_ip6
-        pkts = [vr.vrrp_adv_packet(prio=prio-10, src_ip=src_ip)]
+        pkts = [vr.vrrp_adv_packet(prio=prio - 10, src_ip=src_ip)]
         while (time.time() + intvl_s) < end_time:
             self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, pkts, timeout=intvl_s)
             self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show trace"))
@@ -1196,7 +1282,7 @@ class TestVRRP6(VppTestCase):
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
     def test_vrrp6_master_preempted(self):
-        """ IPv6 Master VR preempted by higher priority backup """
+        """IPv6 Master VR preempted by higher priority backup"""
 
         # A prio 255 VR cannot be preempted so the prio has to be lower and
         # we have to wait for it to take over
@@ -1204,10 +1290,15 @@ class TestVRRP6(VppTestCase):
         prio = 100
         intvl = self._default_adv
         vip = self.pg0.remote_ip6
-        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(self, self.pg0, vr_id,
-                                  prio=prio, intvl=intvl,
-                                  flags=self._default_flags,
-                                  vips=[vip])
+        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(
+            self,
+            self.pg0,
+            vr_id,
+            prio=prio,
+            intvl=intvl,
+            flags=self._default_flags,
+            vips=[vip],
+        )
         self._vrs.append(vr)
         vr.add_vpp_config()
 
@@ -1233,7 +1324,7 @@ class TestVRRP6(VppTestCase):
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
     def test_vrrp6_accept_mode_disabled(self):
-        """ IPv6 Master VR does not reply for VIP w/ accept mode off """
+        """IPv6 Master VR does not reply for VIP w/ accept mode off"""
 
         # accept mode only matters when prio < 255, so it will have to
         # come up as a backup and take over as master after the timeout
@@ -1241,10 +1332,15 @@ class TestVRRP6(VppTestCase):
         prio = 100
         intvl = self._default_adv
         vip = self.pg0.remote_hosts[4].ip6
-        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(self, self.pg0, vr_id,
-                                  prio=prio, intvl=intvl,
-                                  flags=self._default_flags,
-                                  vips=[vip])
+        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(
+            self,
+            self.pg0,
+            vr_id,
+            prio=prio,
+            intvl=intvl,
+            flags=self._default_flags,
+            vips=[vip],
+        )
         self._vrs.append(vr)
         vr.add_vpp_config()
 
@@ -1262,9 +1358,11 @@ class TestVRRP6(VppTestCase):
         vr.assert_state_equals(VRRP_VR_STATE_MASTER)
 
         # send an ICMPv6 echo to the VR virtual IP address
-        echo = (Ether(dst=vr.virtual_mac(), src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                IPv6(dst=vip, src=self.pg0.remote_ip6) /
-                ICMPv6EchoRequest(seq=1, id=self.pg0.sw_if_index))
+        echo = (
+            Ether(dst=vr.virtual_mac(), src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(dst=vip, src=self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+            / ICMPv6EchoRequest(seq=1, id=self.pg0.sw_if_index)
+        )
         self.pg_send(self.pg0, [echo])
 
         # wait for an echo reply. none should be received
@@ -1273,7 +1371,7 @@ class TestVRRP6(VppTestCase):
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
     def test_vrrp6_accept_mode_enabled(self):
-        """ IPv6 Master VR replies for VIP w/ accept mode on """
+        """IPv6 Master VR replies for VIP w/ accept mode on"""
 
         # A prio 255 VR cannot be preempted so the prio has to be lower and
         # we have to wait for it to take over
@@ -1281,11 +1379,10 @@ class TestVRRP6(VppTestCase):
         prio = 100
         intvl = self._default_adv
         vip = self.pg0.remote_hosts[4].ip6
-        flags = (self._default_flags | VRRP_VR_FLAG_ACCEPT)
-        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(self, self.pg0, vr_id,
-                                  prio=prio, intvl=intvl,
-                                  flags=flags,
-                                  vips=[vip])
+        flags = self._default_flags | VRRP_VR_FLAG_ACCEPT
+        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(
+            self, self.pg0, vr_id, prio=prio, intvl=intvl, flags=flags, vips=[vip]
+        )
         self._vrs.append(vr)
         vr.add_vpp_config()
 
@@ -1303,15 +1400,18 @@ class TestVRRP6(VppTestCase):
         vr.assert_state_equals(VRRP_VR_STATE_MASTER)
 
         # send an ICMP echo to the VR virtual IP address
-        echo = (Ether(dst=vr.virtual_mac(), src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                IPv6(dst=vip, src=self.pg0.remote_ip6) /
-                ICMPv6EchoRequest(seq=1, id=self.pg0.sw_if_index))
+        echo = (
+            Ether(dst=vr.virtual_mac(), src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(dst=vip, src=self.pg0.remote_ip6)
+            / ICMPv6EchoRequest(seq=1, id=self.pg0.sw_if_index)
+        )
         self.pg_send(self.pg0, [echo])
 
         # wait for an echo reply.
         time.sleep(1)
-        rx_pkts = self.pg0.get_capture(expected_count=1, timeout=1,
-                                       filter_out_fn=is_not_echo_reply)
+        rx_pkts = self.pg0.get_capture(
+            expected_count=1, timeout=1, filter_out_fn=is_not_echo_reply
+        )
 
         self.assertEqual(rx_pkts[0][IPv6].src, vip)
         self.assertEqual(rx_pkts[0][IPv6].dst, self.pg0.remote_ip6)
@@ -1320,17 +1420,22 @@ class TestVRRP6(VppTestCase):
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
     def test_vrrp6_intf_tracking(self):
-        """ IPv6 Master VR adjusts priority based on tracked interface """
+        """IPv6 Master VR adjusts priority based on tracked interface"""
 
         vr_id = 100
         prio = 255
         intvl = self._default_adv
         intvl_s = intvl * 0.01
         vip = self.pg0.local_ip6
-        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(self, self.pg0, vr_id,
-                                  prio=prio, intvl=intvl,
-                                  flags=self._default_flags,
-                                  vips=[vip])
+        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(
+            self,
+            self.pg0,
+            vr_id,
+            prio=prio,
+            intvl=intvl,
+            flags=self._default_flags,
+            vips=[vip],
+        )
         self._vrs.append(vr)
         vr.add_vpp_config()
 
@@ -1340,9 +1445,9 @@ class TestVRRP6(VppTestCase):
         # add pg1 as a tracked interface and start the VR
         adjustment = 50
         adjusted_prio = prio - adjustment
-        vr.add_del_tracked_interface(is_add=1,
-                                     sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                     prio=adjustment)
+        vr.add_del_tracked_interface(
+            is_add=1, sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, prio=adjustment
+        )
         vr.start_stop(is_start=1)
         vr.assert_state_equals(VRRP_VR_STATE_MASTER)
 
@@ -1351,53 +1456,47 @@ class TestVRRP6(VppTestCase):
 
         # tracked intf is up ->  advertised priority == configured priority
         self.pg0.enable_capture()
-        rx = self.pg0.wait_for_packet(timeout=intvl_s,
-                                      filter_out_fn=is_not_adv)
+        rx = self.pg0.wait_for_packet(timeout=intvl_s, filter_out_fn=is_not_adv)
         self.assertEqual(rx, adv_configured)
 
         # take down pg1, verify priority is now being adjusted
         self.pg1.admin_down()
         self.pg0.enable_capture()
-        rx = self.pg0.wait_for_packet(timeout=intvl_s,
-                                      filter_out_fn=is_not_adv)
+        rx = self.pg0.wait_for_packet(timeout=intvl_s, filter_out_fn=is_not_adv)
         self.assertEqual(rx, adv_adjusted)
 
         # bring up pg1, verify priority now matches configured value
         self.pg1.admin_up()
         self.pg0.enable_capture()
-        rx = self.pg0.wait_for_packet(timeout=intvl_s,
-                                      filter_out_fn=is_not_adv)
+        rx = self.pg0.wait_for_packet(timeout=intvl_s, filter_out_fn=is_not_adv)
         self.assertEqual(rx, adv_configured)
 
         # remove IP address from pg1, verify priority now being adjusted
         self.pg1.unconfig_ip6()
         self.pg0.enable_capture()
-        rx = self.pg0.wait_for_packet(timeout=intvl_s,
-                                      filter_out_fn=is_not_adv)
+        rx = self.pg0.wait_for_packet(timeout=intvl_s, filter_out_fn=is_not_adv)
         self.assertEqual(rx, adv_adjusted)
 
         # add IP address to pg1, verify priority now matches configured value
         self.pg1.config_ip6()
         self.pg0.enable_capture()
-        rx = self.pg0.wait_for_packet(timeout=intvl_s,
-                                      filter_out_fn=is_not_adv)
+        rx = self.pg0.wait_for_packet(timeout=intvl_s, filter_out_fn=is_not_adv)
         self.assertEqual(rx, adv_configured)
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
     def test_vrrp6_master_adv_unicast(self):
-        """ IPv6 Master VR advertises (unicast) """
+        """IPv6 Master VR advertises (unicast)"""
 
         vr_id = 100
         prio = 255
         intvl = self._default_adv
         intvl_s = intvl * 0.01
         vip = self.pg0.local_ip6
-        flags = (self._default_flags | VRRP_VR_FLAG_UNICAST)
+        flags = self._default_flags | VRRP_VR_FLAG_UNICAST
         unicast_peer = self.pg0.remote_hosts[4]
-        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(self, self.pg0, vr_id,
-                                  prio=prio, intvl=intvl,
-                                  flags=flags,
-                                  vips=[vip])
+        vr = VppVRRPVirtualRouter(
+            self, self.pg0, vr_id, prio=prio, intvl=intvl, flags=flags, vips=[vip]
+        )
         self._vrs.append(vr)
         vr.add_vpp_config()
         vr.set_unicast_peers([unicast_peer.ip6])
@@ -1410,23 +1509,22 @@ class TestVRRP6(VppTestCase):
         vr.assert_state_equals(VRRP_VR_STATE_MASTER)
 
         self.pg0.enable_capture()
-        rx = self.pg0.wait_for_packet(timeout=intvl_s,
-                                      filter_out_fn=is_not_adv)
+        rx = self.pg0.wait_for_packet(timeout=intvl_s, filter_out_fn=is_not_adv)
 
         self.assertTrue(rx.haslayer(Ether))
         self.assertTrue(rx.haslayer(IPv6))
         self.assertTrue(rx.haslayer(VRRPv3))
         self.assertEqual(rx[Ether].src, self.pg0.local_mac)
         self.assertEqual(rx[Ether].dst, unicast_peer.mac)
-        self.assertEqual(ip6_normalize(rx[IPv6].src),
-                         ip6_normalize(self.pg0.local_ip6_ll))
-        self.assertEqual(ip6_normalize(rx[IPv6].dst),
-                         ip6_normalize(unicast_peer.ip6))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            ip6_normalize(rx[IPv6].src), ip6_normalize(self.pg0.local_ip6_ll)
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(ip6_normalize(rx[IPv6].dst), ip6_normalize(unicast_peer.ip6))
         self.assertEqual(rx[VRRPv3].vrid, vr_id)
         self.assertEqual(rx[VRRPv3].priority, prio)
         self.assertEqual(rx[VRRPv3].ipcount, 1)
         self.assertEqual(rx[VRRPv3].addrlist, [vip])
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_vtr.py b/test/test_vtr.py
index c3704f1e7b6..b33dcb66541 100644
--- a/test/test_vtr.py
+++ b/test/test_vtr.py
@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@ from framework import VppTestCase, VppTestRunner
 from vpp_sub_interface import L2_VTR_OP, VppDot1QSubint, VppDot1ADSubint
 from collections import namedtuple
 
-Tag = namedtuple('Tag', ['dot1', 'vlan'])
+Tag = namedtuple("Tag", ["dot1", "vlan"])
 DOT1AD = 0x88A8
 DOT1Q = 0x8100
 
 
 class TestVtr(VppTestCase):
-    """ VTR Test Case """
+    """VTR Test Case"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -36,9 +36,9 @@ class TestVtr(VppTestCase):
             cls.create_pg_interfaces(ifs)
 
             cls.sub_interfaces = [
-                VppDot1ADSubint(cls, cls.pg1, cls.dot1ad_sub_id,
-                                cls.Btag, cls.Atag),
-                VppDot1QSubint(cls, cls.pg2, cls.Btag)]
+                VppDot1ADSubint(cls, cls.pg1, cls.dot1ad_sub_id, cls.Btag, cls.Atag),
+                VppDot1QSubint(cls, cls.pg2, cls.Btag),
+            ]
 
             interfaces = list(cls.pg_interfaces)
             interfaces.extend(cls.sub_interfaces)
@@ -46,10 +46,14 @@ class TestVtr(VppTestCase):
             # Create BD with MAC learning enabled and put interfaces and
             #  sub-interfaces to this BD
             for pg_if in cls.pg_interfaces:
-                sw_if_index = pg_if.sub_if.sw_if_index \
-                    if hasattr(pg_if, 'sub_if') else pg_if.sw_if_index
-                cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(rx_sw_if_index=sw_if_index,
-                                                    bd_id=cls.bd_id)
+                sw_if_index = (
+                    pg_if.sub_if.sw_if_index
+                    if hasattr(pg_if, "sub_if")
+                    else pg_if.sw_if_index
+                )
+                cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
+                    rx_sw_if_index=sw_if_index, bd_id=cls.bd_id
+                )
 
             # setup all interfaces
             for i in interfaces:
@@ -86,8 +90,7 @@ class TestVtr(VppTestCase):
 
     def show_commands_at_teardown(self):
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli("show l2fib verbose"))
-        self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli("show bridge-domain %s detail" %
-                                         self.bd_id))
+        self.logger.info(self.vapi.ppcli("show bridge-domain %s detail" % self.bd_id))
 
     @classmethod
     def create_hosts_and_learn(cls, count):
@@ -98,10 +101,11 @@ class TestVtr(VppTestCase):
             for j in range(1, count + 1):
                 host = Host(
                     "00:00:00:ff:%02x:%02x" % (pg_if.sw_if_index, j),
-                    "172.17.1%02x.%u" % (pg_if.sw_if_index, j))
-                packet = (Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=host.mac))
+                    "172.17.1%02x.%u" % (pg_if.sw_if_index, j),
+                )
+                packet = Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=host.mac)
                 hosts.append(host)
-                if hasattr(pg_if, 'sub_if'):
+                if hasattr(pg_if, "sub_if"):
                     packet = pg_if.sub_if.add_dot1_layer(packet)
                 packets.append(packet)
             pg_if.add_stream(packets)
@@ -115,12 +119,14 @@ class TestVtr(VppTestCase):
         src_host = random.choice(self.hosts_by_pg_idx[src_if.sw_if_index])
         pkt_info = self.create_packet_info(src_if, dst_if)
         payload = self.info_to_payload(pkt_info)
-        p = (Ether(dst=dst_host.mac, src=src_host.mac) /
-             IP(src=src_host.ip4, dst=dst_host.ip4) /
-             UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234) /
-             Raw(payload))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=dst_host.mac, src=src_host.mac)
+            / IP(src=src_host.ip4, dst=dst_host.ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=1234, dport=1234)
+            / Raw(payload)
+        )
         pkt_info.data = p.copy()
-        if do_dot1 and hasattr(src_if, 'sub_if'):
+        if do_dot1 and hasattr(src_if, "sub_if"):
             p = src_if.sub_if.add_dot1_layer(p)
         size = random.choice(packet_sizes)
         self.extend_packet(p, size)
@@ -172,8 +178,9 @@ class TestVtr(VppTestCase):
             return
 
         i = VppDot1QSubint(self, self.pg0, tags[0].vlan)
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(rx_sw_if_index=i.sw_if_index,
-                                             bd_id=self.bd_id, enable=1)
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
+            rx_sw_if_index=i.sw_if_index, bd_id=self.bd_id, enable=1
+        )
         i.admin_up()
 
         p = self.create_packet(self.pg0, swif, do_dot1=False)
@@ -185,202 +192,217 @@ class TestVtr(VppTestCase):
         swif.sub_if.remove_dot1_layer(rx[0])
         self.assertTrue(Dot1Q not in rx[0])
 
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(rx_sw_if_index=i.sw_if_index,
-                                             bd_id=self.bd_id, enable=0)
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
+            rx_sw_if_index=i.sw_if_index, bd_id=self.bd_id, enable=0
+        )
         i.remove_vpp_config()
 
     def test_1ad_vtr_pop_1(self):
-        """ 1AD VTR pop 1 test
-        """
+        """1AD VTR pop 1 test"""
         self.pg1.sub_if.set_vtr(L2_VTR_OP.L2_POP_1)
         self.vtr_test(self.pg1, [Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=100)])
 
     def test_1ad_vtr_pop_2(self):
-        """ 1AD VTR pop 2 test
-        """
+        """1AD VTR pop 2 test"""
         self.pg1.sub_if.set_vtr(L2_VTR_OP.L2_POP_2)
         self.vtr_test(self.pg1, [])
 
     def test_1ad_vtr_push_1ad(self):
-        """ 1AD VTR push 1 1AD test
-        """
+        """1AD VTR push 1 1AD test"""
         self.pg1.sub_if.set_vtr(L2_VTR_OP.L2_PUSH_1, tag=300)
-        self.vtr_test(self.pg1, [Tag(dot1=DOT1AD, vlan=300),
-                                 Tag(dot1=DOT1AD, vlan=200),
-                                 Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=100)])
+        self.vtr_test(
+            self.pg1,
+            [
+                Tag(dot1=DOT1AD, vlan=300),
+                Tag(dot1=DOT1AD, vlan=200),
+                Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=100),
+            ],
+        )
 
     def test_1ad_vtr_push_2ad(self):
-        """ 1AD VTR push 2 1AD test
-        """
+        """1AD VTR push 2 1AD test"""
         self.pg1.sub_if.set_vtr(L2_VTR_OP.L2_PUSH_2, outer=400, inner=300)
-        self.vtr_test(self.pg1, [Tag(dot1=DOT1AD, vlan=400),
-                                 Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=300),
-                                 Tag(dot1=DOT1AD, vlan=200),
-                                 Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=100)])
+        self.vtr_test(
+            self.pg1,
+            [
+                Tag(dot1=DOT1AD, vlan=400),
+                Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=300),
+                Tag(dot1=DOT1AD, vlan=200),
+                Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=100),
+            ],
+        )
 
     def test_1ad_vtr_push_1q(self):
-        """ 1AD VTR push 1 1Q test
-        """
+        """1AD VTR push 1 1Q test"""
         self.pg1.sub_if.set_vtr(L2_VTR_OP.L2_PUSH_1, tag=300, push1q=1)
-        self.vtr_test(self.pg1, [Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=300),
-                                 Tag(dot1=DOT1AD, vlan=200),
-                                 Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=100)])
+        self.vtr_test(
+            self.pg1,
+            [
+                Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=300),
+                Tag(dot1=DOT1AD, vlan=200),
+                Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=100),
+            ],
+        )
 
     def test_1ad_vtr_push_2q(self):
-        """ 1AD VTR push 2 1Q test
-        """
-        self.pg1.sub_if.set_vtr(L2_VTR_OP.L2_PUSH_2,
-                                outer=400, inner=300, push1q=1)
-        self.vtr_test(self.pg1, [Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=400),
-                                 Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=300),
-                                 Tag(dot1=DOT1AD, vlan=200),
-                                 Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=100)])
+        """1AD VTR push 2 1Q test"""
+        self.pg1.sub_if.set_vtr(L2_VTR_OP.L2_PUSH_2, outer=400, inner=300, push1q=1)
+        self.vtr_test(
+            self.pg1,
+            [
+                Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=400),
+                Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=300),
+                Tag(dot1=DOT1AD, vlan=200),
+                Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=100),
+            ],
+        )
 
     def test_1ad_vtr_translate_1_1ad(self):
-        """ 1AD VTR translate 1 -> 1 1AD test
-        """
+        """1AD VTR translate 1 -> 1 1AD test"""
         self.pg1.sub_if.set_vtr(L2_VTR_OP.L2_TRANSLATE_1_1, tag=300)
-        self.vtr_test(self.pg1, [Tag(dot1=DOT1AD, vlan=300),
-                                 Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=100)])
+        self.vtr_test(self.pg1, [Tag(dot1=DOT1AD, vlan=300), Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=100)])
 
     def test_1ad_vtr_translate_1_2ad(self):
-        """ 1AD VTR translate 1 -> 2 1AD test
-        """
-        self.pg1.sub_if.set_vtr(
-            L2_VTR_OP.L2_TRANSLATE_1_2, inner=300, outer=400)
-        self.vtr_test(self.pg1, [Tag(dot1=DOT1AD, vlan=400),
-                                 Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=300),
-                                 Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=100)])
+        """1AD VTR translate 1 -> 2 1AD test"""
+        self.pg1.sub_if.set_vtr(L2_VTR_OP.L2_TRANSLATE_1_2, inner=300, outer=400)
+        self.vtr_test(
+            self.pg1,
+            [
+                Tag(dot1=DOT1AD, vlan=400),
+                Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=300),
+                Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=100),
+            ],
+        )
 
     def test_1ad_vtr_translate_2_1ad(self):
-        """ 1AD VTR translate 2 -> 1 1AD test
-        """
+        """1AD VTR translate 2 -> 1 1AD test"""
         self.pg1.sub_if.set_vtr(L2_VTR_OP.L2_TRANSLATE_2_1, tag=300)
         self.vtr_test(self.pg1, [Tag(dot1=DOT1AD, vlan=300)])
 
     def test_1ad_vtr_translate_2_2ad(self):
-        """ 1AD VTR translate 2 -> 2 1AD test
-        """
-        self.pg1.sub_if.set_vtr(
-            L2_VTR_OP.L2_TRANSLATE_2_2, inner=300, outer=400)
-        self.vtr_test(self.pg1, [Tag(dot1=DOT1AD, vlan=400),
-                                 Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=300)])
+        """1AD VTR translate 2 -> 2 1AD test"""
+        self.pg1.sub_if.set_vtr(L2_VTR_OP.L2_TRANSLATE_2_2, inner=300, outer=400)
+        self.vtr_test(self.pg1, [Tag(dot1=DOT1AD, vlan=400), Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=300)])
 
     def test_1ad_vtr_translate_1_1q(self):
-        """ 1AD VTR translate 1 -> 1 1Q test
-        """
+        """1AD VTR translate 1 -> 1 1Q test"""
         self.pg1.sub_if.set_vtr(L2_VTR_OP.L2_TRANSLATE_1_1, tag=300, push1q=1)
-        self.vtr_test(self.pg1, [Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=300),
-                                 Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=100)])
+        self.vtr_test(self.pg1, [Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=300), Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=100)])
 
     def test_1ad_vtr_translate_1_2q(self):
-        """ 1AD VTR translate 1 -> 2 1Q test
-        """
+        """1AD VTR translate 1 -> 2 1Q test"""
         self.pg1.sub_if.set_vtr(
-            L2_VTR_OP.L2_TRANSLATE_1_2, inner=300, outer=400, push1q=1)
-        self.vtr_test(self.pg1, [Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=400),
-                                 Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=300),
-                                 Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=100)])
+            L2_VTR_OP.L2_TRANSLATE_1_2, inner=300, outer=400, push1q=1
+        )
+        self.vtr_test(
+            self.pg1,
+            [
+                Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=400),
+                Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=300),
+                Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=100),
+            ],
+        )
 
     def test_1ad_vtr_translate_2_1q(self):
-        """ 1AD VTR translate 2 -> 1 1Q test
-        """
+        """1AD VTR translate 2 -> 1 1Q test"""
         self.pg1.sub_if.set_vtr(L2_VTR_OP.L2_TRANSLATE_2_1, tag=300, push1q=1)
         self.vtr_test(self.pg1, [Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=300)])
 
     def test_1ad_vtr_translate_2_2q(self):
-        """ 1AD VTR translate 2 -> 2 1Q test
-        """
+        """1AD VTR translate 2 -> 2 1Q test"""
         self.pg1.sub_if.set_vtr(
-            L2_VTR_OP.L2_TRANSLATE_2_2, inner=300, outer=400, push1q=1)
-        self.vtr_test(self.pg1, [Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=400),
-                                 Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=300)])
+            L2_VTR_OP.L2_TRANSLATE_2_2, inner=300, outer=400, push1q=1
+        )
+        self.vtr_test(self.pg1, [Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=400), Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=300)])
 
     def test_1q_vtr_pop_1(self):
-        """ 1Q VTR pop 1 test
-        """
+        """1Q VTR pop 1 test"""
         self.pg2.sub_if.set_vtr(L2_VTR_OP.L2_POP_1)
         self.vtr_test(self.pg2, [])
 
     def test_1q_vtr_push_1(self):
-        """ 1Q VTR push 1 test
-        """
+        """1Q VTR push 1 test"""
         self.pg2.sub_if.set_vtr(L2_VTR_OP.L2_PUSH_1, tag=300)
-        self.vtr_test(self.pg2, [Tag(dot1=DOT1AD, vlan=300),
-                                 Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=200)])
+        self.vtr_test(self.pg2, [Tag(dot1=DOT1AD, vlan=300), Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=200)])
 
     def test_1q_vtr_push_2(self):
-        """ 1Q VTR push 2 test
-        """
+        """1Q VTR push 2 test"""
         self.pg2.sub_if.set_vtr(L2_VTR_OP.L2_PUSH_2, outer=400, inner=300)
-        self.vtr_test(self.pg2, [Tag(dot1=DOT1AD, vlan=400),
-                                 Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=300),
-                                 Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=200)])
+        self.vtr_test(
+            self.pg2,
+            [
+                Tag(dot1=DOT1AD, vlan=400),
+                Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=300),
+                Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=200),
+            ],
+        )
 
     def test_1q_vtr_translate_1_1(self):
-        """ 1Q VTR translate 1 -> 1 test
-        """
+        """1Q VTR translate 1 -> 1 test"""
         self.pg2.sub_if.set_vtr(L2_VTR_OP.L2_TRANSLATE_1_1, tag=300)
         self.vtr_test(self.pg2, [Tag(dot1=DOT1AD, vlan=300)])
 
     def test_1q_vtr_translate_1_2(self):
-        """ 1Q VTR translate 1 -> 2 test
-        """
-        self.pg2.sub_if.set_vtr(
-            L2_VTR_OP.L2_TRANSLATE_1_2, inner=300, outer=400)
-        self.vtr_test(self.pg2, [Tag(dot1=DOT1AD, vlan=400),
-                                 Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=300)])
+        """1Q VTR translate 1 -> 2 test"""
+        self.pg2.sub_if.set_vtr(L2_VTR_OP.L2_TRANSLATE_1_2, inner=300, outer=400)
+        self.vtr_test(self.pg2, [Tag(dot1=DOT1AD, vlan=400), Tag(dot1=DOT1Q, vlan=300)])
 
     def test_if_vtr_disable(self):
-        """ Disable VTR on non-sub-interfaces
-        """
+        """Disable VTR on non-sub-interfaces"""
         # First set the VTR fields to junk
         self.vapi.l2_interface_vlan_tag_rewrite(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, vtr_op=L2_VTR_OP.L2_PUSH_2,
-            push_dot1q=1, tag1=19, tag2=630)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+            vtr_op=L2_VTR_OP.L2_PUSH_2,
+            push_dot1q=1,
+            tag1=19,
+            tag2=630,
+        )
 
-        if_state = self.vapi.sw_interface_dump(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index)
+        if_state = self.vapi.sw_interface_dump(sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index)
         self.assertEqual(if_state[0].sw_if_index, self.pg0.sw_if_index)
         self.assertNotEqual(if_state[0].vtr_op, L2_VTR_OP.L2_DISABLED)
 
         # Then ensure that a request to disable VTR is honored.
         self.vapi.l2_interface_vlan_tag_rewrite(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, vtr_op=L2_VTR_OP.L2_DISABLED)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, vtr_op=L2_VTR_OP.L2_DISABLED
+        )
 
-        if_state = self.vapi.sw_interface_dump(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index)
+        if_state = self.vapi.sw_interface_dump(sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index)
         self.assertEqual(if_state[0].sw_if_index, self.pg0.sw_if_index)
         self.assertEqual(if_state[0].vtr_op, L2_VTR_OP.L2_DISABLED)
 
     def test_if_vtr_push_1q(self):
-        """ 1Q VTR push 1 on non-sub-interfaces
-        """
+        """1Q VTR push 1 on non-sub-interfaces"""
         self.vapi.l2_interface_vlan_tag_rewrite(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, vtr_op=L2_VTR_OP.L2_PUSH_1,
-            push_dot1q=1, tag1=150)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+            vtr_op=L2_VTR_OP.L2_PUSH_1,
+            push_dot1q=1,
+            tag1=150,
+        )
 
-        if_state = self.vapi.sw_interface_dump(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index)
+        if_state = self.vapi.sw_interface_dump(sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index)
         self.assertEqual(if_state[0].sw_if_index, self.pg0.sw_if_index)
         self.assertEqual(if_state[0].vtr_op, L2_VTR_OP.L2_PUSH_1)
         self.assertEqual(if_state[0].vtr_tag1, 150)
         self.assertNotEqual(if_state[0].vtr_push_dot1q, 0)
 
     def test_if_vtr_push_2ad(self):
-        """ 1AD VTR push 2 on non-sub-interfaces
-        """
+        """1AD VTR push 2 on non-sub-interfaces"""
         self.vapi.l2_interface_vlan_tag_rewrite(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index, vtr_op=L2_VTR_OP.L2_PUSH_2,
-            push_dot1q=0, tag1=450, tag2=350)
+            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index,
+            vtr_op=L2_VTR_OP.L2_PUSH_2,
+            push_dot1q=0,
+            tag1=450,
+            tag2=350,
+        )
 
-        if_state = self.vapi.sw_interface_dump(
-            sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index)
+        if_state = self.vapi.sw_interface_dump(sw_if_index=self.pg0.sw_if_index)
         self.assertEqual(if_state[0].sw_if_index, self.pg0.sw_if_index)
         self.assertEqual(if_state[0].vtr_op, L2_VTR_OP.L2_PUSH_2)
-        self.assertEqual(if_state[0].vtr_tag1, 450)         # outer
-        self.assertEqual(if_state[0].vtr_tag2, 350)         # inner
+        self.assertEqual(if_state[0].vtr_tag1, 450)  # outer
+        self.assertEqual(if_state[0].vtr_tag2, 350)  # inner
         self.assertEqual(if_state[0].vtr_push_dot1q, 0)
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_vxlan.py b/test/test_vxlan.py
index 4247a396d24..913fc4018e0 100644
--- a/test/test_vxlan.py
+++ b/test/test_vxlan.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ from vpp_neighbor import VppNeighbor
 
 
 class TestVxlan(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
-    """ VXLAN Test Case """
+    """VXLAN Test Case"""
 
     def __init__(self, *args):
         BridgeDomain.__init__(self)
@@ -31,14 +31,16 @@ class TestVxlan(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
         Encapsulate the original payload frame by adding VXLAN header with its
         UDP, IP and Ethernet fields
         """
-        return (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-                UDP(sport=self.dport, dport=self.dport, chksum=0) /
-                VXLAN(vni=vni, flags=self.flags) /
-                pkt)
+        return (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=self.dport, dport=self.dport, chksum=0)
+            / VXLAN(vni=vni, flags=self.flags)
+            / pkt
+        )
 
     def ip_range(self, start, end):
-        """ range of remote ip's """
+        """range of remote ip's"""
         return ip4_range(self.pg0.remote_ip4, start, end)
 
     def encap_mcast(self, pkt, src_ip, src_mac, vni):
@@ -46,18 +48,20 @@ class TestVxlan(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
         Encapsulate the original payload frame by adding VXLAN header with its
         UDP, IP and Ethernet fields
         """
-        return (Ether(src=src_mac, dst=self.mcast_mac) /
-                IP(src=src_ip, dst=self.mcast_ip4) /
-                UDP(sport=self.dport, dport=self.dport, chksum=0) /
-                VXLAN(vni=vni, flags=self.flags) /
-                pkt)
+        return (
+            Ether(src=src_mac, dst=self.mcast_mac)
+            / IP(src=src_ip, dst=self.mcast_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=self.dport, dport=self.dport, chksum=0)
+            / VXLAN(vni=vni, flags=self.flags)
+            / pkt
+        )
 
     def decapsulate(self, pkt):
         """
         Decapsulate the original payload frame by removing VXLAN header
         """
         # check if is set I flag
-        self.assertEqual(pkt[VXLAN].flags, int('0x8', 16))
+        self.assertEqual(pkt[VXLAN].flags, int("0x8", 16))
         return pkt[VXLAN].payload
 
     # Method for checking VXLAN encapsulation.
@@ -93,18 +97,25 @@ class TestVxlan(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
         ip_range_start = 10
         ip_range_end = ip_range_start + n_ucast_tunnels
         next_hop_address = cls.pg0.remote_ip4
-        for dest_ip4 in ip4_range(next_hop_address, ip_range_start,
-                                  ip_range_end):
+        for dest_ip4 in ip4_range(next_hop_address, ip_range_start, ip_range_end):
             # add host route so dest_ip4 will not be resolved
-            rip = VppIpRoute(cls, dest_ip4, 32,
-                             [VppRoutePath(next_hop_address,
-                                           INVALID_INDEX)],
-                             register=False)
+            rip = VppIpRoute(
+                cls,
+                dest_ip4,
+                32,
+                [VppRoutePath(next_hop_address, INVALID_INDEX)],
+                register=False,
+            )
             rip.add_vpp_config()
 
-            r = VppVxlanTunnel(cls, src=cls.pg0.local_ip4,
-                               src_port=port, dst_port=port,
-                               dst=dest_ip4, vni=vni)
+            r = VppVxlanTunnel(
+                cls,
+                src=cls.pg0.local_ip4,
+                src_port=port,
+                dst_port=port,
+                dst=dest_ip4,
+                vni=vni,
+            )
             r.add_vpp_config()
             cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(r.sw_if_index, bd_id=vni)
 
@@ -118,12 +129,18 @@ class TestVxlan(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
         vni_start = 10000
         vni_end = vni_start + n_shared_dst_tunnels
         for vni in range(vni_start, vni_end):
-            r = VppVxlanTunnel(cls, src=cls.pg0.local_ip4,
-                               src_port=port, dst_port=port,
-                               dst=cls.mcast_ip4, mcast_sw_if_index=1, vni=vni)
+            r = VppVxlanTunnel(
+                cls,
+                src=cls.pg0.local_ip4,
+                src_port=port,
+                dst_port=port,
+                dst=cls.mcast_ip4,
+                mcast_sw_if_index=1,
+                vni=vni,
+            )
             if is_add:
                 r.add_vpp_config()
-                if r.sw_if_index == 0xffffffff:
+                if r.sw_if_index == 0xFFFFFFFF:
                     raise ValueError("bad sw_if_index: ~0")
             else:
                 r.remove_vpp_config()
@@ -144,12 +161,17 @@ class TestVxlan(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
         n_distinct_dst_tunnels = 200
         ip_range_start = 10
         ip_range_end = ip_range_start + n_distinct_dst_tunnels
-        for dest_ip4 in ip4_range(cls.mcast_ip4, ip_range_start,
-                                  ip_range_end):
+        for dest_ip4 in ip4_range(cls.mcast_ip4, ip_range_start, ip_range_end):
             vni = bytearray(socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET, dest_ip4))[3]
-            r = VppVxlanTunnel(cls, src=cls.pg0.local_ip4,
-                               src_port=port, dst_port=port,
-                               dst=dest_ip4, mcast_sw_if_index=1, vni=vni)
+            r = VppVxlanTunnel(
+                cls,
+                src=cls.pg0.local_ip4,
+                src_port=port,
+                dst_port=port,
+                dst=dest_ip4,
+                mcast_sw_if_index=1,
+                vni=vni,
+            )
             if is_add:
                 r.add_vpp_config()
             else:
@@ -187,7 +209,7 @@ class TestVxlan(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
             cls.pg0.resolve_arp()
 
             # Our Multicast address
-            cls.mcast_ip4 = '239.1.1.1'
+            cls.mcast_ip4 = "239.1.1.1"
             cls.mcast_mac = util.mcast_ip_to_mac(cls.mcast_ip4)
         except Exception:
             cls.tearDownClass()
@@ -207,30 +229,44 @@ class TestVxlan(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
 
         self.single_tunnel_vni = 0x12345
         self.single_tunnel_bd = 1
-        r = VppVxlanTunnel(self, src=self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                           dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                           src_port=self.dport, dst_port=self.dport,
-                           vni=self.single_tunnel_vni)
+        r = VppVxlanTunnel(
+            self,
+            src=self.pg0.local_ip4,
+            dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            src_port=self.dport,
+            dst_port=self.dport,
+            vni=self.single_tunnel_vni,
+        )
         r.add_vpp_config()
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(rx_sw_if_index=r.sw_if_index,
-                                             bd_id=self.single_tunnel_bd)
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, bd_id=self.single_tunnel_bd)
+            rx_sw_if_index=r.sw_if_index, bd_id=self.single_tunnel_bd
+        )
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
+            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, bd_id=self.single_tunnel_bd
+        )
 
         # Setup vni 2 to test multicast flooding
         self.n_ucast_tunnels = 10
         self.mcast_flood_bd = 2
-        self.create_vxlan_flood_test_bd(self.mcast_flood_bd,
-                                        self.n_ucast_tunnels,
-                                        self.dport)
-        r = VppVxlanTunnel(self, src=self.pg0.local_ip4, dst=self.mcast_ip4,
-                           src_port=self.dport, dst_port=self.dport,
-                           mcast_sw_if_index=1, vni=self.mcast_flood_bd)
+        self.create_vxlan_flood_test_bd(
+            self.mcast_flood_bd, self.n_ucast_tunnels, self.dport
+        )
+        r = VppVxlanTunnel(
+            self,
+            src=self.pg0.local_ip4,
+            dst=self.mcast_ip4,
+            src_port=self.dport,
+            dst_port=self.dport,
+            mcast_sw_if_index=1,
+            vni=self.mcast_flood_bd,
+        )
         r.add_vpp_config()
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(rx_sw_if_index=r.sw_if_index,
-                                             bd_id=self.mcast_flood_bd)
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg2.sw_if_index, bd_id=self.mcast_flood_bd)
+            rx_sw_if_index=r.sw_if_index, bd_id=self.mcast_flood_bd
+        )
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
+            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg2.sw_if_index, bd_id=self.mcast_flood_bd
+        )
 
         # Add and delete mcast tunnels to check stability
         self.add_shared_mcast_dst_load(self.dport)
@@ -240,11 +276,12 @@ class TestVxlan(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
 
         # Setup vni 3 to test unicast flooding
         self.ucast_flood_bd = 3
-        self.create_vxlan_flood_test_bd(self.ucast_flood_bd,
-                                        self.n_ucast_tunnels,
-                                        self.dport)
+        self.create_vxlan_flood_test_bd(
+            self.ucast_flood_bd, self.n_ucast_tunnels, self.dport
+        )
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg3.sw_if_index, bd_id=self.ucast_flood_bd)
+            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg3.sw_if_index, bd_id=self.ucast_flood_bd
+        )
 
         # Set scapy listen custom port for VxLAN
         bind_layers(UDP, VXLAN, dport=self.dport)
@@ -252,10 +289,12 @@ class TestVxlan(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
     def encap_big_packet(self):
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(self.pg0.sw_if_index, [1500, 0, 0, 0])
 
-        frame = (Ether(src='00:00:00:00:00:02', dst='00:00:00:00:00:01') /
-                 IP(src='4.3.2.1', dst='1.2.3.4') /
-                 UDP(sport=20000, dport=10000) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 1450))
+        frame = (
+            Ether(src="00:00:00:00:00:02", dst="00:00:00:00:00:01")
+            / IP(src="4.3.2.1", dst="1.2.3.4")
+            / UDP(sport=20000, dport=10000)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 1450)
+        )
 
         self.pg1.add_stream([frame])
 
@@ -277,43 +316,44 @@ class TestVxlan(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
     """
     Tests with default port (4789)
     """
+
     def test_decap(self):
-        """ Decapsulation test
+        """Decapsulation test
         from BridgeDoman
         """
         self.createVxLANInterfaces()
         super(TestVxlan, self).test_decap()
 
     def test_encap(self):
-        """ Encapsulation test
+        """Encapsulation test
         from BridgeDoman
         """
         self.createVxLANInterfaces()
         super(TestVxlan, self).test_encap()
 
     def test_encap_big_packet(self):
-        """ Encapsulation test send big frame from pg1
+        """Encapsulation test send big frame from pg1
         Verify receipt of encapsulated frames on pg0
         """
         self.createVxLANInterfaces()
         self.encap_big_packet()
 
     def test_ucast_flood(self):
-        """ Unicast flood test
+        """Unicast flood test
         from BridgeDoman
         """
         self.createVxLANInterfaces()
         super(TestVxlan, self).test_ucast_flood()
 
     def test_mcast_flood(self):
-        """ Multicast flood test
+        """Multicast flood test
         from BridgeDoman
         """
         self.createVxLANInterfaces()
         super(TestVxlan, self).test_mcast_flood()
 
     def test_mcast_rcv(self):
-        """ Multicast receive test
+        """Multicast receive test
         from BridgeDoman
         """
         self.createVxLANInterfaces()
@@ -322,36 +362,37 @@ class TestVxlan(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
     """
     Tests with custom port
     """
+
     def test_decap_custom_port(self):
-        """ Decapsulation test custom port
+        """Decapsulation test custom port
         from BridgeDoman
         """
         self.createVxLANInterfaces(1111)
         super(TestVxlan, self).test_decap()
 
     def test_encap_custom_port(self):
-        """ Encapsulation test custom port
+        """Encapsulation test custom port
         from BridgeDoman
         """
         self.createVxLANInterfaces(1111)
         super(TestVxlan, self).test_encap()
 
     def test_ucast_flood_custom_port(self):
-        """ Unicast flood test custom port
+        """Unicast flood test custom port
         from BridgeDoman
         """
         self.createVxLANInterfaces(1111)
         super(TestVxlan, self).test_ucast_flood()
 
     def test_mcast_flood_custom_port(self):
-        """ Multicast flood test custom port
+        """Multicast flood test custom port
         from BridgeDoman
         """
         self.createVxLANInterfaces(1111)
         super(TestVxlan, self).test_mcast_flood()
 
     def test_mcast_rcv_custom_port(self):
-        """ Multicast receive test custom port
+        """Multicast receive test custom port
         from BridgeDoman
         """
         self.createVxLANInterfaces(1111)
@@ -372,7 +413,8 @@ class TestVxlan(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
 
 
 class TestVxlan2(VppTestCase):
-    """ VXLAN Test Case """
+    """VXLAN Test Case"""
+
     def setUp(self):
         super(TestVxlan2, self).setUp()
 
@@ -389,38 +431,37 @@ class TestVxlan2(VppTestCase):
         super(TestVxlan2, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_xconnect(self):
-        """ VXLAN source address not local """
+        """VXLAN source address not local"""
 
         #
         # test the broken configuration of a VXLAN tunnel whose
         # source address is not local ot the box. packets sent
         # through the tunnel should be dropped
         #
-        t = VppVxlanTunnel(self,
-                           src="10.0.0.5",
-                           dst=self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                           vni=1000)
+        t = VppVxlanTunnel(self, src="10.0.0.5", dst=self.pg0.local_ip4, vni=1000)
         t.add_vpp_config()
         t.admin_up()
 
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_xconnect(t.sw_if_index,
-                                               self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                               enable=1)
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_xconnect(self.pg1.sw_if_index,
-                                               t.sw_if_index,
-                                               enable=1)
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_xconnect(
+            t.sw_if_index, self.pg1.sw_if_index, enable=1
+        )
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_xconnect(
+            self.pg1.sw_if_index, t.sw_if_index, enable=1
+        )
 
-        p = (Ether(src="00:11:22:33:44:55",
-                   dst="00:00:00:11:22:33") /
-             IP(src="4.3.2.1", dst="1.2.3.4") /
-             UDP(sport=20000, dport=10000) /
-             Raw(b'\xa5' * 1450))
+        p = (
+            Ether(src="00:11:22:33:44:55", dst="00:00:00:11:22:33")
+            / IP(src="4.3.2.1", dst="1.2.3.4")
+            / UDP(sport=20000, dport=10000)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 1450)
+        )
 
         rx = self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg1, [p])
 
 
 class TestVxlanL2Mode(VppTestCase):
-    """ VXLAN Test Case """
+    """VXLAN Test Case"""
+
     def setUp(self):
         super(TestVxlanL2Mode, self).setUp()
 
@@ -440,11 +481,10 @@ class TestVxlanL2Mode(VppTestCase):
         super(TestVxlanL2Mode, self).tearDown()
 
     def test_l2_mode(self):
-        """ VXLAN L2 mode """
-        t = VppVxlanTunnel(self,
-                           src=self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                           dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                           vni=1000, is_l3=False)
+        """VXLAN L2 mode"""
+        t = VppVxlanTunnel(
+            self, src=self.pg0.local_ip4, dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4, vni=1000, is_l3=False
+        )
         t.add_vpp_config()
         t.config_ip4()
         t.admin_up()
@@ -452,10 +492,12 @@ class TestVxlanL2Mode(VppTestCase):
         dstIP = t.local_ip4[:-1] + "2"
 
         # Create a packet to send
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg1.local_ip4, dst=dstIP) /
-             UDP(sport=555, dport=556) /
-             Raw(b'\x00' * 80))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg1.local_mac, src=self.pg1.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg1.local_ip4, dst=dstIP)
+            / UDP(sport=555, dport=556)
+            / Raw(b"\x00" * 80)
+        )
 
         # Expect ARP request
         rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, [p], self.pg0)
@@ -466,9 +508,7 @@ class TestVxlanL2Mode(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(p[ARP].pdst, dstIP)
 
         # Resolve ARP
-        VppNeighbor(self, t.sw_if_index,
-                    self.pg1.remote_mac,
-                    dstIP).add_vpp_config()
+        VppNeighbor(self, t.sw_if_index, self.pg1.remote_mac, dstIP).add_vpp_config()
 
         # Send packets
         NUM_PKTS = 128
@@ -476,5 +516,5 @@ class TestVxlanL2Mode(VppTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(NUM_PKTS, len(rx))
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_vxlan6.py b/test/test_vxlan6.py
index 123cce9b7ba..0f9c5121f6d 100644
--- a/test/test_vxlan6.py
+++ b/test/test_vxlan6.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ from vpp_ip import INVALID_INDEX
 
 
 class TestVxlan6(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
-    """ VXLAN over IPv6 Test Case """
+    """VXLAN over IPv6 Test Case"""
 
     def __init__(self, *args):
         BridgeDomain.__init__(self)
@@ -28,16 +28,18 @@ class TestVxlan6(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
         Encapsulate the original payload frame by adding VXLAN header with its
         UDP, IP and Ethernet fields
         """
-        return (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6) /
-                UDP(sport=self.dport, dport=self.dport, chksum=0) /
-                VXLAN(vni=vni, flags=self.flags) /
-                pkt)
+        return (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst=self.pg0.local_ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=self.dport, dport=self.dport, chksum=0)
+            / VXLAN(vni=vni, flags=self.flags)
+            / pkt
+        )
 
     @classmethod
     def ip_range(cls, s, e):
-        """ range of remote ip's """
-        tmp = cls.pg0.remote_ip6.rsplit(':', 1)[0]
+        """range of remote ip's"""
+        tmp = cls.pg0.remote_ip6.rsplit(":", 1)[0]
         return ("%s:%x" % (tmp, i) for i in range(s, e))
 
     def encap_mcast(self, pkt, src_ip, src_mac, vni):
@@ -45,18 +47,20 @@ class TestVxlan6(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
         Encapsulate the original payload frame by adding VXLAN header with its
         UDP, IP and Ethernet fields
         """
-        return (Ether(src=src_mac, dst=self.mcast_mac) /
-                IPv6(src=src_ip, dst=self.mcast_ip6) /
-                UDP(sport=self.dport, dport=self.dport, chksum=0) /
-                VXLAN(vni=vni, flags=self.flags) /
-                pkt)
+        return (
+            Ether(src=src_mac, dst=self.mcast_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=src_ip, dst=self.mcast_ip6)
+            / UDP(sport=self.dport, dport=self.dport, chksum=0)
+            / VXLAN(vni=vni, flags=self.flags)
+            / pkt
+        )
 
     def decapsulate(self, pkt):
         """
         Decapsulate the original payload frame by removing VXLAN header
         """
         # check if is set I flag
-        self.assertEqual(pkt[VXLAN].flags, int('0x8', 16))
+        self.assertEqual(pkt[VXLAN].flags, int("0x8", 16))
         return pkt[VXLAN].payload
 
     # Method for checking VXLAN encapsulation.
@@ -93,13 +97,22 @@ class TestVxlan6(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
         end = start + n_ucast_tunnels
         for dest_ip6 in cls.ip_range(start, end):
             # add host route so dest ip will not be resolved
-            rip = VppIpRoute(cls, dest_ip6, 128,
-                             [VppRoutePath(cls.pg0.remote_ip6, INVALID_INDEX)],
-                             register=False)
+            rip = VppIpRoute(
+                cls,
+                dest_ip6,
+                128,
+                [VppRoutePath(cls.pg0.remote_ip6, INVALID_INDEX)],
+                register=False,
+            )
             rip.add_vpp_config()
-            r = VppVxlanTunnel(cls, src=cls.pg0.local_ip6,
-                               src_port=port, dst_port=port,
-                               dst=dest_ip6, vni=vni)
+            r = VppVxlanTunnel(
+                cls,
+                src=cls.pg0.local_ip6,
+                src_port=port,
+                dst_port=port,
+                dst=dest_ip6,
+                vni=vni,
+            )
             r.add_vpp_config()
             cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(r.sw_if_index, bd_id=vni)
 
@@ -135,7 +148,7 @@ class TestVxlan6(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
             cls.pg0.resolve_ndp()
 
             # Our Multicast address
-            cls.mcast_ip6 = 'ff0e::1'
+            cls.mcast_ip6 = "ff0e::1"
             cls.mcast_mac = util.mcast_ip_to_mac(cls.mcast_ip6)
         except Exception:
             super(TestVxlan6, cls).tearDownClass()
@@ -155,38 +168,53 @@ class TestVxlan6(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
 
         self.single_tunnel_vni = 0x12345
         self.single_tunnel_bd = 1
-        r = VppVxlanTunnel(self, src=self.pg0.local_ip6,
-                           dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6,
-                           src_port=self.dport, dst_port=self.dport,
-                           vni=self.single_tunnel_vni)
+        r = VppVxlanTunnel(
+            self,
+            src=self.pg0.local_ip6,
+            dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6,
+            src_port=self.dport,
+            dst_port=self.dport,
+            vni=self.single_tunnel_vni,
+        )
         r.add_vpp_config()
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(rx_sw_if_index=r.sw_if_index,
-                                             bd_id=self.single_tunnel_bd)
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, bd_id=self.single_tunnel_bd)
+            rx_sw_if_index=r.sw_if_index, bd_id=self.single_tunnel_bd
+        )
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
+            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, bd_id=self.single_tunnel_bd
+        )
 
         # Setup vni 2 to test multicast flooding
         self.n_ucast_tunnels = 10
         self.mcast_flood_bd = 2
-        self.create_vxlan_flood_test_bd(self.mcast_flood_bd,
-                                        self.n_ucast_tunnels,
-                                        self.dport)
-        r = VppVxlanTunnel(self, src=self.pg0.local_ip6, dst=self.mcast_ip6,
-                           src_port=self.dport, dst_port=self.dport,
-                           mcast_sw_if_index=1, vni=self.mcast_flood_bd)
+        self.create_vxlan_flood_test_bd(
+            self.mcast_flood_bd, self.n_ucast_tunnels, self.dport
+        )
+        r = VppVxlanTunnel(
+            self,
+            src=self.pg0.local_ip6,
+            dst=self.mcast_ip6,
+            src_port=self.dport,
+            dst_port=self.dport,
+            mcast_sw_if_index=1,
+            vni=self.mcast_flood_bd,
+        )
         r.add_vpp_config()
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(rx_sw_if_index=r.sw_if_index,
-                                             bd_id=self.mcast_flood_bd)
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg2.sw_if_index, bd_id=self.mcast_flood_bd)
+            rx_sw_if_index=r.sw_if_index, bd_id=self.mcast_flood_bd
+        )
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
+            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg2.sw_if_index, bd_id=self.mcast_flood_bd
+        )
 
         # Setup vni 3 to test unicast flooding
         self.ucast_flood_bd = 3
-        self.create_vxlan_flood_test_bd(self.ucast_flood_bd,
-                                        self.n_ucast_tunnels,
-                                        self.dport)
+        self.create_vxlan_flood_test_bd(
+            self.ucast_flood_bd, self.n_ucast_tunnels, self.dport
+        )
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg3.sw_if_index, bd_id=self.ucast_flood_bd)
+            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg3.sw_if_index, bd_id=self.ucast_flood_bd
+        )
 
         # Set scapy listen custom port for VxLAN
         bind_layers(UDP, VXLAN, dport=self.dport)
@@ -204,10 +232,12 @@ class TestVxlan6(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show vxlan tunnel"))
 
     def encap_fragmented_packet(self):
-        frame = (Ether(src='00:00:00:00:00:02', dst='00:00:00:00:00:01') /
-                 IP(src='4.3.2.1', dst='1.2.3.4') /
-                 UDP(sport=20000, dport=10000) /
-                 Raw(b'\xa5' * 1000))
+        frame = (
+            Ether(src="00:00:00:00:00:02", dst="00:00:00:00:00:01")
+            / IP(src="4.3.2.1", dst="1.2.3.4")
+            / UDP(sport=20000, dport=10000)
+            / Raw(b"\xa5" * 1000)
+        )
 
         frags = util.fragment_rfc791(frame, 400)
 
@@ -231,43 +261,44 @@ class TestVxlan6(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
     """
     Tests with default port (4789)
     """
+
     def test_decap(self):
-        """ Decapsulation test
+        """Decapsulation test
         from BridgeDoman
         """
         self.createVxLANInterfaces()
         super(TestVxlan6, self).test_decap()
 
     def test_encap(self):
-        """ Encapsulation test
+        """Encapsulation test
         from BridgeDoman
         """
         self.createVxLANInterfaces()
         super(TestVxlan6, self).test_encap()
 
     def test_encap_fragmented_packet(self):
-        """ Encapsulation test send fragments from pg1
+        """Encapsulation test send fragments from pg1
         Verify receipt of encapsulated frames on pg0
         """
         self.createVxLANInterfaces()
         self.encap_fragmented_packet()
 
     def test_ucast_flood(self):
-        """ Unicast flood test
+        """Unicast flood test
         from BridgeDoman
         """
         self.createVxLANInterfaces()
         super(TestVxlan6, self).test_ucast_flood()
 
     def test_mcast_flood(self):
-        """ Multicast flood test
+        """Multicast flood test
         from BridgeDoman
         """
         self.createVxLANInterfaces()
         super(TestVxlan6, self).test_mcast_flood()
 
     def test_mcast_rcv(self):
-        """ Multicast receive test
+        """Multicast receive test
         from BridgeDoman
         """
         self.createVxLANInterfaces()
@@ -276,41 +307,42 @@ class TestVxlan6(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
     """
     Tests with custom port
     """
+
     def test_decap_custom_port(self):
-        """ Decapsulation test custom port
+        """Decapsulation test custom port
         from BridgeDoman
         """
         self.createVxLANInterfaces(1111)
         super(TestVxlan6, self).test_decap()
 
     def test_encap_custom_port(self):
-        """ Encapsulation test custom port
+        """Encapsulation test custom port
         from BridgeDoman
         """
         self.createVxLANInterfaces(1111)
         super(TestVxlan6, self).test_encap()
 
     def test_ucast_flood_custom_port(self):
-        """ Unicast flood test custom port
+        """Unicast flood test custom port
         from BridgeDoman
         """
         self.createVxLANInterfaces(1111)
         super(TestVxlan6, self).test_ucast_flood()
 
     def test_mcast_flood_custom_port(self):
-        """ Multicast flood test custom port
+        """Multicast flood test custom port
         from BridgeDoman
         """
         self.createVxLANInterfaces(1111)
         super(TestVxlan6, self).test_mcast_flood()
 
     def test_mcast_rcv_custom_port(self):
-        """ Multicast receive test custom port
+        """Multicast receive test custom port
         from BridgeDoman
         """
         self.createVxLANInterfaces(1111)
         super(TestVxlan6, self).test_mcast_rcv()
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_vxlan_gpe.py b/test/test_vxlan_gpe.py
index 828b5fc30cd..f432becfce3 100644
--- a/test/test_vxlan_gpe.py
+++ b/test/test_vxlan_gpe.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ from vpp_ip import INVALID_INDEX
 
 @unittest.skipUnless(config.extended, "part of extended tests")
 class TestVxlanGpe(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
-    """ VXLAN-GPE Test Case """
+    """VXLAN-GPE Test Case"""
 
     def __init__(self, *args):
         BridgeDomain.__init__(self)
@@ -31,14 +31,16 @@ class TestVxlanGpe(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
         Encapsulate the original payload frame by adding VXLAN-GPE header
         with its UDP, IP and Ethernet fields
         """
-        return (Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac) /
-                IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4) /
-                UDP(sport=self.dport, dport=self.dport, chksum=0) /
-                VXLAN(vni=vni, flags=self.flags) /
-                pkt)
+        return (
+            Ether(src=self.pg0.remote_mac, dst=self.pg0.local_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst=self.pg0.local_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=self.dport, dport=self.dport, chksum=0)
+            / VXLAN(vni=vni, flags=self.flags)
+            / pkt
+        )
 
     def ip_range(self, start, end):
-        """ range of remote ip's """
+        """range of remote ip's"""
         return ip4_range(self.pg0.remote_ip4, start, end)
 
     def encap_mcast(self, pkt, src_ip, src_mac, vni):
@@ -46,18 +48,20 @@ class TestVxlanGpe(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
         Encapsulate the original payload frame by adding VXLAN-GPE header
         with its UDP, IP and Ethernet fields
         """
-        return (Ether(src=src_mac, dst=self.mcast_mac) /
-                IP(src=src_ip, dst=self.mcast_ip4) /
-                UDP(sport=self.dport, dport=self.dport, chksum=0) /
-                VXLAN(vni=vni, flags=self.flags) /
-                pkt)
+        return (
+            Ether(src=src_mac, dst=self.mcast_mac)
+            / IP(src=src_ip, dst=self.mcast_ip4)
+            / UDP(sport=self.dport, dport=self.dport, chksum=0)
+            / VXLAN(vni=vni, flags=self.flags)
+            / pkt
+        )
 
     def decapsulate(self, pkt):
         """
         Decapsulate the original payload frame by removing VXLAN-GPE header
         """
         # check if is set I and P flag
-        self.assertEqual(pkt[VXLAN].flags, 0x0c)
+        self.assertEqual(pkt[VXLAN].flags, 0x0C)
         return pkt[VXLAN].payload
 
     # Method for checking VXLAN-GPE encapsulation.
@@ -92,24 +96,27 @@ class TestVxlanGpe(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
         ip_range_start = 10
         ip_range_end = ip_range_start + n_ucast_tunnels
         next_hop_address = cls.pg0.remote_ip4
-        for dest_ip4 in ip4_range(next_hop_address, ip_range_start,
-                                  ip_range_end):
+        for dest_ip4 in ip4_range(next_hop_address, ip_range_start, ip_range_end):
             # add host route so dest_ip4n will not be resolved
-            rip = VppIpRoute(cls, dest_ip4, 32,
-                             [VppRoutePath(next_hop_address,
-                                           INVALID_INDEX)],
-                             register=False)
+            rip = VppIpRoute(
+                cls,
+                dest_ip4,
+                32,
+                [VppRoutePath(next_hop_address, INVALID_INDEX)],
+                register=False,
+            )
             rip.add_vpp_config()
 
-            r = VppVxlanGpeTunnel(cls,
-                                  src_addr=cls.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                  dst_addr=dest_ip4,
-                                  src_port=port,
-                                  dst_port=port,
-                                  vni=vni)
+            r = VppVxlanGpeTunnel(
+                cls,
+                src_addr=cls.pg0.local_ip4,
+                dst_addr=dest_ip4,
+                src_port=port,
+                dst_port=port,
+                vni=vni,
+            )
             r.add_vpp_config()
-            cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(rx_sw_if_index=r.sw_if_index,
-                                                bd_id=vni)
+            cls.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(rx_sw_if_index=r.sw_if_index, bd_id=vni)
 
     @classmethod
     def add_del_shared_mcast_dst_load(cls, port, is_add):
@@ -121,16 +128,18 @@ class TestVxlanGpe(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
         vni_start = 1000
         vni_end = vni_start + n_shared_dst_tunnels
         for vni in range(vni_start, vni_end):
-            r = VppVxlanGpeTunnel(cls,
-                                  src_addr=cls.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                  dst_addr=cls.mcast_ip4,
-                                  src_port=port,
-                                  dst_port=port,
-                                  mcast_sw_if_index=1,
-                                  vni=vni)
+            r = VppVxlanGpeTunnel(
+                cls,
+                src_addr=cls.pg0.local_ip4,
+                dst_addr=cls.mcast_ip4,
+                src_port=port,
+                dst_port=port,
+                mcast_sw_if_index=1,
+                vni=vni,
+            )
             if is_add:
                 r.add_vpp_config()
-                if r.sw_if_index == 0xffffffff:
+                if r.sw_if_index == 0xFFFFFFFF:
                     raise ValueError("bad sw_if_index: ~0")
             else:
                 r.remove_vpp_config()
@@ -151,16 +160,17 @@ class TestVxlanGpe(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
         n_distinct_dst_tunnels = 20
         ip_range_start = 10
         ip_range_end = ip_range_start + n_distinct_dst_tunnels
-        for dest_ip4 in ip4_range(cls.mcast_ip4, ip_range_start,
-                                  ip_range_end):
+        for dest_ip4 in ip4_range(cls.mcast_ip4, ip_range_start, ip_range_end):
             vni = int(dest_ip4.split(".")[3])
-            r = VppVxlanGpeTunnel(cls,
-                                  src_addr=cls.pg0.local_ip4,
-                                  dst_addr=dest_ip4,
-                                  src_port=port,
-                                  dst_port=port,
-                                  mcast_sw_if_index=1,
-                                  vni=vni)
+            r = VppVxlanGpeTunnel(
+                cls,
+                src_addr=cls.pg0.local_ip4,
+                dst_addr=dest_ip4,
+                src_port=port,
+                dst_port=port,
+                mcast_sw_if_index=1,
+                vni=vni,
+            )
             if is_add:
                 r.add_vpp_config()
             else:
@@ -184,7 +194,7 @@ class TestVxlanGpe(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
         super(TestVxlanGpe, cls).setUpClass()
 
         try:
-            cls.flags = 0x0c
+            cls.flags = 0x0C
 
             # Create 2 pg interfaces.
             cls.create_pg_interfaces(range(4))
@@ -198,7 +208,7 @@ class TestVxlanGpe(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
             cls.pg0.resolve_arp()
 
             # Our Multicast address
-            cls.mcast_ip4 = '239.1.1.1'
+            cls.mcast_ip4 = "239.1.1.1"
             cls.mcast_mac = util.mcast_ip_to_mac(cls.mcast_ip4)
         except Exception:
             cls.tearDownClass()
@@ -216,38 +226,46 @@ class TestVxlanGpe(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
         # and pg1 into BD.
         self.dport = port
 
-        self.single_tunnel_vni = 0xabcde
+        self.single_tunnel_vni = 0xABCDE
         self.single_tunnel_bd = 11
-        r = VppVxlanGpeTunnel(self,
-                              src_addr=self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                              dst_addr=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
-                              src_port=port,
-                              dst_port=port,
-                              vni=self.single_tunnel_vni)
+        r = VppVxlanGpeTunnel(
+            self,
+            src_addr=self.pg0.local_ip4,
+            dst_addr=self.pg0.remote_ip4,
+            src_port=port,
+            dst_port=port,
+            vni=self.single_tunnel_vni,
+        )
         r.add_vpp_config()
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(rx_sw_if_index=r.sw_if_index,
-                                             bd_id=self.single_tunnel_bd)
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, bd_id=self.single_tunnel_bd)
+            rx_sw_if_index=r.sw_if_index, bd_id=self.single_tunnel_bd
+        )
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
+            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg1.sw_if_index, bd_id=self.single_tunnel_bd
+        )
 
         # Setup vni 2 to test multicast flooding
         self.n_ucast_tunnels = 10
         self.mcast_flood_bd = 12
-        self.create_vxlan_gpe_flood_test_bd(self.mcast_flood_bd,
-                                            self.n_ucast_tunnels,
-                                            self.dport)
-        r = VppVxlanGpeTunnel(self,
-                              src_addr=self.pg0.local_ip4,
-                              dst_addr=self.mcast_ip4,
-                              src_port=port,
-                              dst_port=port,
-                              mcast_sw_if_index=1,
-                              vni=self.mcast_flood_bd)
+        self.create_vxlan_gpe_flood_test_bd(
+            self.mcast_flood_bd, self.n_ucast_tunnels, self.dport
+        )
+        r = VppVxlanGpeTunnel(
+            self,
+            src_addr=self.pg0.local_ip4,
+            dst_addr=self.mcast_ip4,
+            src_port=port,
+            dst_port=port,
+            mcast_sw_if_index=1,
+            vni=self.mcast_flood_bd,
+        )
         r.add_vpp_config()
-        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(rx_sw_if_index=r.sw_if_index,
-                                             bd_id=self.mcast_flood_bd)
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg2.sw_if_index, bd_id=self.mcast_flood_bd)
+            rx_sw_if_index=r.sw_if_index, bd_id=self.mcast_flood_bd
+        )
+        self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
+            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg2.sw_if_index, bd_id=self.mcast_flood_bd
+        )
 
         # Add and delete mcast tunnels to check stability
         self.add_shared_mcast_dst_load(self.dport)
@@ -257,11 +275,12 @@ class TestVxlanGpe(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
 
         # Setup vni 3 to test unicast flooding
         self.ucast_flood_bd = 13
-        self.create_vxlan_gpe_flood_test_bd(self.ucast_flood_bd,
-                                            self.n_ucast_tunnels,
-                                            self.dport)
+        self.create_vxlan_gpe_flood_test_bd(
+            self.ucast_flood_bd, self.n_ucast_tunnels, self.dport
+        )
         self.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg3.sw_if_index, bd_id=self.ucast_flood_bd)
+            rx_sw_if_index=self.pg3.sw_if_index, bd_id=self.ucast_flood_bd
+        )
 
         # Set scapy listen custom port for VxLAN
         bind_layers(UDP, VXLAN, dport=self.dport)
@@ -269,22 +288,23 @@ class TestVxlanGpe(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
     """
     Tests with default port (4790)
     """
+
     def test_decap(self):
-        """ Decapsulation test
+        """Decapsulation test
         from BridgeDoman
         """
         self.createVxLANInterfaces()
         super(TestVxlanGpe, self).test_decap()
 
     def test_encap(self):
-        """ Encapsulation test
+        """Encapsulation test
         from BridgeDoman
         """
         self.createVxLANInterfaces()
         super(TestVxlanGpe, self).test_encap()
 
     def test_ucast_flood(self):
-        """ Unicast flood test
+        """Unicast flood test
         from BridgeDoman
         """
         self.createVxLANInterfaces()
@@ -293,22 +313,23 @@ class TestVxlanGpe(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
     """
     Tests with custom port (1112)
     """
+
     def test_decap_custom_port(self):
-        """ Decapsulation test custom port
+        """Decapsulation test custom port
         from BridgeDoman
         """
         self.createVxLANInterfaces(1112)
         super(TestVxlanGpe, self).test_decap()
 
     def test_encap_custom_port(self):
-        """ Encapsulation test custom port
+        """Encapsulation test custom port
         from BridgeDoman
         """
         self.createVxLANInterfaces(1112)
         super(TestVxlanGpe, self).test_encap()
 
     def test_ucast_flood_custom_port(self):
-        """ Unicast flood test custom port
+        """Unicast flood test custom port
         from BridgeDoman
         """
         self.createVxLANInterfaces(1112)
@@ -316,12 +337,12 @@ class TestVxlanGpe(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
 
     @unittest.skip("test disabled for vxlan-gpe")
     def test_mcast_flood(self):
-        """ inherited from BridgeDomain """
+        """inherited from BridgeDomain"""
         pass
 
     @unittest.skip("test disabled for vxlan-gpe")
     def test_mcast_rcv(self):
-        """ inherited from BridgeDomain """
+        """inherited from BridgeDomain"""
         pass
 
     # Method to define VPP actions before tear down of the test case.
@@ -339,5 +360,5 @@ class TestVxlanGpe(BridgeDomain, VppTestCase):
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show trace"))
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main(testRunner=VppTestRunner)
diff --git a/test/test_wireguard.py b/test/test_wireguard.py
index e844b1d5c0a..1a955b162f1 100644
--- a/test/test_wireguard.py
+++ b/test/test_wireguard.py
@@ -11,12 +11,22 @@ from scapy.packet import Raw
 from scapy.layers.l2 import Ether, ARP
 from scapy.layers.inet import IP, UDP
 from scapy.layers.inet6 import IPv6
-from scapy.contrib.wireguard import Wireguard, WireguardResponse, \
-    WireguardInitiation, WireguardTransport
-from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.x25519 import \
-    X25519PrivateKey, X25519PublicKey
-from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization import Encoding, \
-    PrivateFormat, PublicFormat, NoEncryption
+from scapy.contrib.wireguard import (
+    Wireguard,
+    WireguardResponse,
+    WireguardInitiation,
+    WireguardTransport,
+)
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.x25519 import (
+    X25519PrivateKey,
+    X25519PublicKey,
+)
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization import (
+    Encoding,
+    PrivateFormat,
+    PublicFormat,
+    NoEncryption,
+)
 from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes import BLAKE2s, Hash
 from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hmac import HMAC
 from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
@@ -39,14 +49,11 @@ Wg test.
 
 
 def private_key_bytes(k):
-    return k.private_bytes(Encoding.Raw,
-                           PrivateFormat.Raw,
-                           NoEncryption())
+    return k.private_bytes(Encoding.Raw, PrivateFormat.Raw, NoEncryption())
 
 
 def public_key_bytes(k):
-    return k.public_bytes(Encoding.Raw,
-                          PublicFormat.Raw)
+    return k.public_bytes(Encoding.Raw, PublicFormat.Raw)
 
 
 class VppWgInterface(VppInterface):
@@ -69,37 +76,41 @@ class VppWgInterface(VppInterface):
         return private_key_bytes(self.private_key)
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
-        r = self.test.vapi.wireguard_interface_create(interface={
-            'user_instance': 0xffffffff,
-            'port': self.port,
-            'src_ip': self.src,
-            'private_key': private_key_bytes(self.private_key),
-            'generate_key': False
-        })
+        r = self.test.vapi.wireguard_interface_create(
+            interface={
+                "user_instance": 0xFFFFFFFF,
+                "port": self.port,
+                "src_ip": self.src,
+                "private_key": private_key_bytes(self.private_key),
+                "generate_key": False,
+            }
+        )
         self.set_sw_if_index(r.sw_if_index)
         self.test.registry.register(self, self.test.logger)
         return self
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
-        self.test.vapi.wireguard_interface_delete(
-            sw_if_index=self._sw_if_index)
+        self.test.vapi.wireguard_interface_delete(sw_if_index=self._sw_if_index)
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
-        ts = self.test.vapi.wireguard_interface_dump(sw_if_index=0xffffffff)
+        ts = self.test.vapi.wireguard_interface_dump(sw_if_index=0xFFFFFFFF)
         for t in ts:
-            if t.interface.sw_if_index == self._sw_if_index and \
-               str(t.interface.src_ip) == self.src and \
-               t.interface.port == self.port and \
-               t.interface.private_key == private_key_bytes(self.private_key):
+            if (
+                t.interface.sw_if_index == self._sw_if_index
+                and str(t.interface.src_ip) == self.src
+                and t.interface.port == self.port
+                and t.interface.private_key == private_key_bytes(self.private_key)
+            ):
                 return True
         return False
 
-    def want_events(self, peer_index=0xffffffff):
+    def want_events(self, peer_index=0xFFFFFFFF):
         self.test.vapi.want_wireguard_peer_events(
             enable_disable=1,
             pid=os.getpid(),
             sw_if_index=self._sw_if_index,
-            peer_index=peer_index)
+            peer_index=peer_index,
+        )
 
     def wait_events(self, expect, peers, timeout=5):
         for i in range(len(peers)):
@@ -118,8 +129,7 @@ def find_route(test, prefix, is_ip6, table_id=0):
     routes = test.vapi.ip_route_dump(table_id, is_ip6)
 
     for e in routes:
-        if table_id == e.route.table_id \
-           and str(e.route.prefix) == str(prefix):
+        if table_id == e.route.table_id and str(e.route.prefix) == str(prefix):
             return True
     return False
 
@@ -129,14 +139,7 @@ NOISE_IDENTIFIER_NAME = b"WireGuard v1 zx2c4 Jason@zx2c4.com"
 
 
 class VppWgPeer(VppObject):
-
-    def __init__(self,
-                 test,
-                 itf,
-                 endpoint,
-                 port,
-                 allowed_ips,
-                 persistent_keepalive=15):
+    def __init__(self, test, itf, endpoint, port, allowed_ips, persistent_keepalive=15):
         self._test = test
         self.itf = itf
         self.endpoint = endpoint
@@ -153,13 +156,15 @@ class VppWgPeer(VppObject):
     def add_vpp_config(self, is_ip6=False):
         rv = self._test.vapi.wireguard_peer_add(
             peer={
-                'public_key': self.public_key_bytes(),
-                'port': self.port,
-                'endpoint': self.endpoint,
-                'n_allowed_ips': len(self.allowed_ips),
-                'allowed_ips': self.allowed_ips,
-                'sw_if_index': self.itf.sw_if_index,
-                'persistent_keepalive': self.persistent_keepalive})
+                "public_key": self.public_key_bytes(),
+                "port": self.port,
+                "endpoint": self.endpoint,
+                "n_allowed_ips": len(self.allowed_ips),
+                "allowed_ips": self.allowed_ips,
+                "sw_if_index": self.itf.sw_if_index,
+                "persistent_keepalive": self.persistent_keepalive,
+            }
+        )
         self.index = rv.peer_index
         self.receiver_index = self.index + 1
         self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
@@ -169,7 +174,7 @@ class VppWgPeer(VppObject):
         self._test.vapi.wireguard_peer_remove(peer_index=self.index)
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return ("wireguard-peer-%s" % self.index)
+        return "wireguard-peer-%s" % self.index
 
     def public_key_bytes(self):
         return public_key_bytes(self.public_key)
@@ -178,11 +183,13 @@ class VppWgPeer(VppObject):
         peers = self._test.vapi.wireguard_peers_dump()
 
         for p in peers:
-            if p.peer.public_key == self.public_key_bytes() and \
-               p.peer.port == self.port and \
-               str(p.peer.endpoint) == self.endpoint and \
-               p.peer.sw_if_index == self.itf.sw_if_index and \
-               len(self.allowed_ips) == p.peer.n_allowed_ips:
+            if (
+                p.peer.public_key == self.public_key_bytes()
+                and p.peer.port == self.port
+                and str(p.peer.endpoint) == self.endpoint
+                and p.peer.sw_if_index == self.itf.sw_if_index
+                and len(self.allowed_ips) == p.peer.n_allowed_ips
+            ):
                 self.allowed_ips.sort()
                 p.peer.allowed_ips.sort()
 
@@ -197,13 +204,17 @@ class VppWgPeer(VppObject):
 
     def mk_tunnel_header(self, tx_itf, is_ip6=False):
         if is_ip6 is False:
-            return (Ether(dst=tx_itf.local_mac, src=tx_itf.remote_mac) /
-                    IP(src=self.endpoint, dst=self.itf.src) /
-                    UDP(sport=self.port, dport=self.itf.port))
+            return (
+                Ether(dst=tx_itf.local_mac, src=tx_itf.remote_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.endpoint, dst=self.itf.src)
+                / UDP(sport=self.port, dport=self.itf.port)
+            )
         else:
-            return (Ether(dst=tx_itf.local_mac, src=tx_itf.remote_mac) /
-                    IPv6(src=self.endpoint, dst=self.itf.src) /
-                    UDP(sport=self.port, dport=self.itf.port))
+            return (
+                Ether(dst=tx_itf.local_mac, src=tx_itf.remote_mac)
+                / IPv6(src=self.endpoint, dst=self.itf.src)
+                / UDP(sport=self.port, dport=self.itf.port)
+            )
 
     def noise_init(self, public_key=None):
         self.noise.set_prologue(NOISE_IDENTIFIER_NAME)
@@ -214,12 +225,12 @@ class VppWgPeer(VppObject):
 
         # local/this private
         self.noise.set_keypair_from_private_bytes(
-            Keypair.STATIC,
-            private_key_bytes(self.private_key))
+            Keypair.STATIC, private_key_bytes(self.private_key)
+        )
         # remote's public
         self.noise.set_keypair_from_public_bytes(
-            Keypair.REMOTE_STATIC,
-            public_key_bytes(public_key))
+            Keypair.REMOTE_STATIC, public_key_bytes(public_key)
+        )
 
         self.noise.start_handshake()
 
@@ -227,7 +238,7 @@ class VppWgPeer(VppObject):
         self.noise.set_as_initiator()
         self.noise_init(public_key)
 
-        p = (Wireguard() / WireguardInitiation())
+        p = Wireguard() / WireguardInitiation()
 
         p[Wireguard].message_type = 1
         p[Wireguard].reserved_zero = 0
@@ -236,8 +247,11 @@ class VppWgPeer(VppObject):
         # some random data for the message
         #  lifted from the noise protocol's wireguard example
         now = datetime.datetime.now()
-        tai = struct.pack('!qi', 4611686018427387914 + int(now.timestamp()),
-                          int(now.microsecond * 1e3))
+        tai = struct.pack(
+            "!qi",
+            4611686018427387914 + int(now.timestamp()),
+            int(now.microsecond * 1e3),
+        )
         b = self.noise.write_message(payload=tai)
 
         # load noise into init message
@@ -246,14 +260,13 @@ class VppWgPeer(VppObject):
         p[WireguardInitiation].encrypted_timestamp = b[80:108]
 
         # generate the mac1 hash
-        mac_key = blake2s(b'mac1----' +
-                          self.itf.public_key_bytes()).digest()
-        p[WireguardInitiation].mac1 = blake2s(bytes(p)[0:116],
-                                              digest_size=16,
-                                              key=mac_key).digest()
+        mac_key = blake2s(b"mac1----" + self.itf.public_key_bytes()).digest()
+        p[WireguardInitiation].mac1 = blake2s(
+            bytes(p)[0:116], digest_size=16, key=mac_key
+        ).digest()
         p[WireguardInitiation].mac2 = bytearray(16)
 
-        p = (self.mk_tunnel_header(tx_itf, is_ip6) / p)
+        p = self.mk_tunnel_header(tx_itf, is_ip6) / p
 
         return p
 
@@ -281,11 +294,8 @@ class VppWgPeer(VppObject):
         self.sender = init[WireguardInitiation].sender_index
 
         # validate the hash
-        mac_key = blake2s(b'mac1----' +
-                          public_key_bytes(self.public_key)).digest()
-        mac1 = blake2s(bytes(init)[0:-32],
-                       digest_size=16,
-                       key=mac_key).digest()
+        mac_key = blake2s(b"mac1----" + public_key_bytes(self.public_key)).digest()
+        mac1 = blake2s(bytes(init)[0:-32], digest_size=16, key=mac_key).digest()
         self._test.assertEqual(init[WireguardInitiation].mac1, mac1)
 
         # this passes only unencrypted_ephemeral, encrypted_static,
@@ -294,19 +304,17 @@ class VppWgPeer(VppObject):
 
         # build the response
         b = self.noise.write_message()
-        mac_key = blake2s(b'mac1----' +
-                          public_key_bytes(self.itf.public_key)).digest()
-        resp = (Wireguard(message_type=2, reserved_zero=0) /
-                WireguardResponse(sender_index=self.receiver_index,
-                                  receiver_index=self.sender,
-                                  unencrypted_ephemeral=b[0:32],
-                                  encrypted_nothing=b[32:]))
-        mac1 = blake2s(bytes(resp)[:-32],
-                       digest_size=16,
-                       key=mac_key).digest()
+        mac_key = blake2s(b"mac1----" + public_key_bytes(self.itf.public_key)).digest()
+        resp = Wireguard(message_type=2, reserved_zero=0) / WireguardResponse(
+            sender_index=self.receiver_index,
+            receiver_index=self.sender,
+            unencrypted_ephemeral=b[0:32],
+            encrypted_nothing=b[32:],
+        )
+        mac1 = blake2s(bytes(resp)[:-32], digest_size=16, key=mac_key).digest()
         resp[WireguardResponse].mac1 = mac1
 
-        resp = (self.mk_tunnel_header(tx_itf, is_ip6) / resp)
+        resp = self.mk_tunnel_header(tx_itf, is_ip6) / resp
         self._test.assertTrue(self.noise.handshake_finished)
 
         return resp
@@ -318,13 +326,14 @@ class VppWgPeer(VppObject):
 
         self._test.assertEqual(resp[Wireguard].message_type, 2)
         self._test.assertEqual(resp[Wireguard].reserved_zero, 0)
-        self._test.assertEqual(resp[WireguardResponse].receiver_index,
-                               self.receiver_index)
+        self._test.assertEqual(
+            resp[WireguardResponse].receiver_index, self.receiver_index
+        )
 
         self.sender = resp[Wireguard].sender_index
 
         payload = self.noise.read_message(bytes(resp)[12:60])
-        self._test.assertEqual(payload, b'')
+        self._test.assertEqual(payload, b"")
         self._test.assertTrue(self.noise.handshake_finished)
 
     def decrypt_transport(self, p, is_ip6=False):
@@ -333,11 +342,11 @@ class VppWgPeer(VppObject):
         p = Wireguard(p[Raw])
         self._test.assertEqual(p[Wireguard].message_type, 4)
         self._test.assertEqual(p[Wireguard].reserved_zero, 0)
-        self._test.assertEqual(p[WireguardTransport].receiver_index,
-                               self.receiver_index)
+        self._test.assertEqual(
+            p[WireguardTransport].receiver_index, self.receiver_index
+        )
 
-        d = self.noise.decrypt(
-            p[WireguardTransport].encrypted_encapsulated_packet)
+        d = self.noise.decrypt(p[WireguardTransport].encrypted_encapsulated_packet)
         return d
 
     def encrypt_transport(self, p):
@@ -350,20 +359,21 @@ class VppWgPeer(VppObject):
 
                 # chech the oringial packet is present
                 self._test.assertEqual(rx[IP].dst, tx[IP].dst)
-                self._test.assertEqual(rx[IP].ttl, tx[IP].ttl-1)
+                self._test.assertEqual(rx[IP].ttl, tx[IP].ttl - 1)
             else:
                 rx = IPv6(self.decrypt_transport(rx))
 
                 # chech the oringial packet is present
                 self._test.assertEqual(rx[IPv6].dst, tx[IPv6].dst)
-                self._test.assertEqual(rx[IPv6].ttl, tx[IPv6].ttl-1)
+                self._test.assertEqual(rx[IPv6].ttl, tx[IPv6].ttl - 1)
 
     def want_events(self):
         self._test.vapi.want_wireguard_peer_events(
             enable_disable=1,
             pid=os.getpid(),
             peer_index=self.index,
-            sw_if_index=self.itf.sw_if_index)
+            sw_if_index=self.itf.sw_if_index,
+        )
 
     def wait_event(self, expect, timeout=5):
         rv = self._test.vapi.wait_for_event(timeout, "wireguard_peer_event")
@@ -372,14 +382,14 @@ class VppWgPeer(VppObject):
 
 
 class TestWg(VppTestCase):
-    """ Wireguard Test Case """
+    """Wireguard Test Case"""
 
     error_str = compile(r"Error")
 
-    wg4_output_node_name = '/err/wg4-output-tun/'
-    wg4_input_node_name = '/err/wg4-input/'
-    wg6_output_node_name = '/err/wg6-output-tun/'
-    wg6_input_node_name = '/err/wg6-input/'
+    wg4_output_node_name = "/err/wg4-output-tun/"
+    wg4_input_node_name = "/err/wg4-input/"
+    wg6_output_node_name = "/err/wg6-output-tun/"
+    wg6_input_node_name = "/err/wg6-input/"
     kp4_error = wg4_output_node_name + "Keypair error"
     mac4_error = wg4_input_node_name + "Invalid MAC handshake"
     peer4_error = wg4_input_node_name + "Peer error"
@@ -417,13 +427,11 @@ class TestWg(VppTestCase):
         self.base_peer6_err = self.statistics.get_err_counter(self.peer6_error)
 
     def test_wg_interface(self):
-        """ Simple interface creation """
+        """Simple interface creation"""
         port = 12312
 
         # Create interface
-        wg0 = VppWgInterface(self,
-                             self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                             port).add_vpp_config()
+        wg0 = VppWgInterface(self, self.pg1.local_ip4, port).add_vpp_config()
 
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("sh int"))
 
@@ -431,27 +439,29 @@ class TestWg(VppTestCase):
         wg0.remove_vpp_config()
 
     def test_handshake_hash(self):
-        """ test hashing an init message """
+        """test hashing an init message"""
         # a init packet generated by linux given the key below
-        h = "0100000098b9032b" \
-            "55cc4b39e73c3d24" \
-            "a2a1ab884b524a81" \
-            "1808bb86640fb70d" \
-            "e93154fec1879125" \
-            "ab012624a27f0b75" \
-            "c0a2582f438ddb5f" \
-            "8e768af40b4ab444" \
-            "02f9ff473e1b797e" \
-            "80d39d93c5480c82" \
-            "a3d4510f70396976" \
-            "586fb67300a5167b" \
-            "ae6ca3ff3dfd00eb" \
-            "59be198810f5aa03" \
-            "6abc243d2155ee4f" \
-            "2336483900aef801" \
-            "08752cd700000000" \
-            "0000000000000000" \
+        h = (
+            "0100000098b9032b"
+            "55cc4b39e73c3d24"
+            "a2a1ab884b524a81"
+            "1808bb86640fb70d"
+            "e93154fec1879125"
+            "ab012624a27f0b75"
+            "c0a2582f438ddb5f"
+            "8e768af40b4ab444"
+            "02f9ff473e1b797e"
+            "80d39d93c5480c82"
+            "a3d4510f70396976"
+            "586fb67300a5167b"
+            "ae6ca3ff3dfd00eb"
+            "59be198810f5aa03"
+            "6abc243d2155ee4f"
+            "2336483900aef801"
+            "08752cd700000000"
+            "0000000000000000"
             "00000000"
+        )
 
         b = bytearray.fromhex(h)
         tgt = Wireguard(b)
@@ -463,40 +473,34 @@ class TestWg(VppTestCase):
 
         # strip the macs and build a new packet
         init = b[0:-32]
-        mac_key = blake2s(b'mac1----' + public_key_bytes(pub)).digest()
-        init += blake2s(init,
-                        digest_size=16,
-                        key=mac_key).digest()
-        init += b'\x00' * 16
+        mac_key = blake2s(b"mac1----" + public_key_bytes(pub)).digest()
+        init += blake2s(init, digest_size=16, key=mac_key).digest()
+        init += b"\x00" * 16
 
         act = Wireguard(init)
 
         self.assertEqual(tgt, act)
 
     def test_wg_peer_resp(self):
-        """ Send handshake response """
+        """Send handshake response"""
         port = 12323
 
         # Create interfaces
-        wg0 = VppWgInterface(self,
-                             self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                             port).add_vpp_config()
+        wg0 = VppWgInterface(self, self.pg1.local_ip4, port).add_vpp_config()
         wg0.admin_up()
         wg0.config_ip4()
 
         self.pg_enable_capture(self.pg_interfaces)
         self.pg_start()
 
-        peer_1 = VppWgPeer(self,
-                           wg0,
-                           self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                           port+1,
-                           ["10.11.3.0/24"]).add_vpp_config()
+        peer_1 = VppWgPeer(
+            self, wg0, self.pg1.remote_ip4, port + 1, ["10.11.3.0/24"]
+        ).add_vpp_config()
         self.assertEqual(len(self.vapi.wireguard_peers_dump()), 1)
 
-        r1 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.11.3.0", 24,
-                        [VppRoutePath("10.11.3.1",
-                                      wg0.sw_if_index)]).add_vpp_config()
+        r1 = VppIpRoute(
+            self, "10.11.3.0", 24, [VppRoutePath("10.11.3.1", wg0.sw_if_index)]
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         # wait for the peer to send a handshake
         rx = self.pg1.get_capture(1, timeout=2)
@@ -513,10 +517,12 @@ class TestWg(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(0, len(b))
 
         # send a packets that are routed into the tunnel
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="10.11.3.2") /
-             UDP(sport=555, dport=556) /
-             Raw(b'\x00' * 80))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="10.11.3.2")
+            / UDP(sport=555, dport=556)
+            / Raw(b"\x00" * 80)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * 255, self.pg1)
 
@@ -524,15 +530,24 @@ class TestWg(VppTestCase):
 
         # send packets into the tunnel, expect to receive them on
         # the other side
-        p = [(peer_1.mk_tunnel_header(self.pg1) /
-              Wireguard(message_type=4, reserved_zero=0) /
-              WireguardTransport(
-                  receiver_index=peer_1.sender,
-                  counter=ii,
-                  encrypted_encapsulated_packet=peer_1.encrypt_transport(
-                      (IP(src="10.11.3.1", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4, ttl=20) /
-                       UDP(sport=222, dport=223) /
-                       Raw())))) for ii in range(255)]
+        p = [
+            (
+                peer_1.mk_tunnel_header(self.pg1)
+                / Wireguard(message_type=4, reserved_zero=0)
+                / WireguardTransport(
+                    receiver_index=peer_1.sender,
+                    counter=ii,
+                    encrypted_encapsulated_packet=peer_1.encrypt_transport(
+                        (
+                            IP(src="10.11.3.1", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4, ttl=20)
+                            / UDP(sport=222, dport=223)
+                            / Raw()
+                        )
+                    ),
+                )
+            )
+            for ii in range(255)
+        ]
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p, self.pg0)
 
@@ -545,53 +560,54 @@ class TestWg(VppTestCase):
         wg0.remove_vpp_config()
 
     def test_wg_peer_v4o4(self):
-        """ Test v4o4"""
+        """Test v4o4"""
 
         port = 12333
 
         # Create interfaces
-        wg0 = VppWgInterface(self,
-                             self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                             port).add_vpp_config()
+        wg0 = VppWgInterface(self, self.pg1.local_ip4, port).add_vpp_config()
         wg0.admin_up()
         wg0.config_ip4()
 
-        peer_1 = VppWgPeer(self,
-                           wg0,
-                           self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                           port+1,
-                           ["10.11.3.0/24"]).add_vpp_config()
+        peer_1 = VppWgPeer(
+            self, wg0, self.pg1.remote_ip4, port + 1, ["10.11.3.0/24"]
+        ).add_vpp_config()
         self.assertEqual(len(self.vapi.wireguard_peers_dump()), 1)
 
-        r1 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.11.3.0", 24,
-                        [VppRoutePath("10.11.3.1",
-                                      wg0.sw_if_index)]).add_vpp_config()
+        r1 = VppIpRoute(
+            self, "10.11.3.0", 24, [VppRoutePath("10.11.3.1", wg0.sw_if_index)]
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         # route a packet into the wg interface
         #  use the allowed-ip prefix
         #  this is dropped because the peer is not initiated
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="10.11.3.2") /
-             UDP(sport=555, dport=556) /
-             Raw())
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="10.11.3.2")
+            / UDP(sport=555, dport=556)
+            / Raw()
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, [p])
-        self.assertEqual(self.base_kp4_err + 1,
-                         self.statistics.get_err_counter(self.kp4_error))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self.base_kp4_err + 1, self.statistics.get_err_counter(self.kp4_error)
+        )
 
         # send a handsake from the peer with an invalid MAC
         p = peer_1.mk_handshake(self.pg1)
-        p[WireguardInitiation].mac1 = b'foobar'
+        p[WireguardInitiation].mac1 = b"foobar"
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg1, [p])
-        self.assertEqual(self.base_mac4_err + 1,
-                         self.statistics.get_err_counter(self.mac4_error))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self.base_mac4_err + 1, self.statistics.get_err_counter(self.mac4_error)
+        )
 
         # send a handsake from the peer but signed by the wrong key.
-        p = peer_1.mk_handshake(self.pg1,
-                                False,
-                                X25519PrivateKey.generate().public_key())
+        p = peer_1.mk_handshake(
+            self.pg1, False, X25519PrivateKey.generate().public_key()
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg1, [p])
-        self.assertEqual(self.base_peer4_err + 1,
-                         self.statistics.get_err_counter(self.peer4_error))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self.base_peer4_err + 1, self.statistics.get_err_counter(self.peer4_error)
+        )
 
         # send a valid handsake init for which we expect a response
         p = peer_1.mk_handshake(self.pg1)
@@ -602,25 +618,31 @@ class TestWg(VppTestCase):
 
         # route a packet into the wg interface
         #  this is dropped because the peer is still not initiated
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="10.11.3.2") /
-             UDP(sport=555, dport=556) /
-             Raw())
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="10.11.3.2")
+            / UDP(sport=555, dport=556)
+            / Raw()
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, [p])
-        self.assertEqual(self.base_kp4_err + 2,
-                         self.statistics.get_err_counter(self.kp4_error))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self.base_kp4_err + 2, self.statistics.get_err_counter(self.kp4_error)
+        )
 
         # send a data packet from the peer through the tunnel
         # this completes the handshake
-        p = (IP(src="10.11.3.1", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4, ttl=20) /
-             UDP(sport=222, dport=223) /
-             Raw())
+        p = (
+            IP(src="10.11.3.1", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4, ttl=20)
+            / UDP(sport=222, dport=223)
+            / Raw()
+        )
         d = peer_1.encrypt_transport(p)
-        p = (peer_1.mk_tunnel_header(self.pg1) /
-             (Wireguard(message_type=4, reserved_zero=0) /
-              WireguardTransport(receiver_index=peer_1.sender,
-                                 counter=0,
-                                 encrypted_encapsulated_packet=d)))
+        p = peer_1.mk_tunnel_header(self.pg1) / (
+            Wireguard(message_type=4, reserved_zero=0)
+            / WireguardTransport(
+                receiver_index=peer_1.sender, counter=0, encrypted_encapsulated_packet=d
+            )
+        )
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, [p], self.pg0)
 
         for rx in rxs:
@@ -628,10 +650,12 @@ class TestWg(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(rx[IP].ttl, 19)
 
         # send a packets that are routed into the tunnel
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="10.11.3.2") /
-             UDP(sport=555, dport=556) /
-             Raw(b'\x00' * 80))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="10.11.3.2")
+            / UDP(sport=555, dport=556)
+            / Raw(b"\x00" * 80)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * 255, self.pg1)
 
@@ -640,19 +664,28 @@ class TestWg(VppTestCase):
 
             # chech the oringial packet is present
             self.assertEqual(rx[IP].dst, p[IP].dst)
-            self.assertEqual(rx[IP].ttl, p[IP].ttl-1)
+            self.assertEqual(rx[IP].ttl, p[IP].ttl - 1)
 
         # send packets into the tunnel, expect to receive them on
         # the other side
-        p = [(peer_1.mk_tunnel_header(self.pg1) /
-              Wireguard(message_type=4, reserved_zero=0) /
-              WireguardTransport(
-                  receiver_index=peer_1.sender,
-                  counter=ii+1,
-                  encrypted_encapsulated_packet=peer_1.encrypt_transport(
-                      (IP(src="10.11.3.1", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4, ttl=20) /
-                       UDP(sport=222, dport=223) /
-                       Raw())))) for ii in range(255)]
+        p = [
+            (
+                peer_1.mk_tunnel_header(self.pg1)
+                / Wireguard(message_type=4, reserved_zero=0)
+                / WireguardTransport(
+                    receiver_index=peer_1.sender,
+                    counter=ii + 1,
+                    encrypted_encapsulated_packet=peer_1.encrypt_transport(
+                        (
+                            IP(src="10.11.3.1", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4, ttl=20)
+                            / UDP(sport=222, dport=223)
+                            / Raw()
+                        )
+                    ),
+                )
+            )
+            for ii in range(255)
+        ]
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p, self.pg0)
 
@@ -665,56 +698,57 @@ class TestWg(VppTestCase):
         wg0.remove_vpp_config()
 
     def test_wg_peer_v6o6(self):
-        """ Test v6o6"""
+        """Test v6o6"""
 
         port = 12343
 
         # Create interfaces
-        wg0 = VppWgInterface(self,
-                             self.pg1.local_ip6,
-                             port).add_vpp_config()
+        wg0 = VppWgInterface(self, self.pg1.local_ip6, port).add_vpp_config()
         wg0.admin_up()
         wg0.config_ip6()
 
-        peer_1 = VppWgPeer(self,
-                           wg0,
-                           self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                           port+1,
-                           ["1::3:0/112"]).add_vpp_config(True)
+        peer_1 = VppWgPeer(
+            self, wg0, self.pg1.remote_ip6, port + 1, ["1::3:0/112"]
+        ).add_vpp_config(True)
         self.assertEqual(len(self.vapi.wireguard_peers_dump()), 1)
 
-        r1 = VppIpRoute(self, "1::3:0", 112,
-                        [VppRoutePath("1::3:1",
-                                      wg0.sw_if_index)]).add_vpp_config()
+        r1 = VppIpRoute(
+            self, "1::3:0", 112, [VppRoutePath("1::3:1", wg0.sw_if_index)]
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         # route a packet into the wg interface
         #  use the allowed-ip prefix
         #  this is dropped because the peer is not initiated
 
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst="1::3:2") /
-             UDP(sport=555, dport=556) /
-             Raw())
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst="1::3:2")
+            / UDP(sport=555, dport=556)
+            / Raw()
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, [p])
 
-        self.assertEqual(self.base_kp6_err + 1,
-                         self.statistics.get_err_counter(self.kp6_error))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self.base_kp6_err + 1, self.statistics.get_err_counter(self.kp6_error)
+        )
 
         # send a handsake from the peer with an invalid MAC
         p = peer_1.mk_handshake(self.pg1, True)
-        p[WireguardInitiation].mac1 = b'foobar'
+        p[WireguardInitiation].mac1 = b"foobar"
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg1, [p])
 
-        self.assertEqual(self.base_mac6_err + 1,
-                         self.statistics.get_err_counter(self.mac6_error))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self.base_mac6_err + 1, self.statistics.get_err_counter(self.mac6_error)
+        )
 
         # send a handsake from the peer but signed by the wrong key.
-        p = peer_1.mk_handshake(self.pg1,
-                                True,
-                                X25519PrivateKey.generate().public_key())
+        p = peer_1.mk_handshake(
+            self.pg1, True, X25519PrivateKey.generate().public_key()
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg1, [p])
-        self.assertEqual(self.base_peer6_err + 1,
-                         self.statistics.get_err_counter(self.peer6_error))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self.base_peer6_err + 1, self.statistics.get_err_counter(self.peer6_error)
+        )
 
         # send a valid handsake init for which we expect a response
         p = peer_1.mk_handshake(self.pg1, True)
@@ -725,25 +759,31 @@ class TestWg(VppTestCase):
 
         # route a packet into the wg interface
         #  this is dropped because the peer is still not initiated
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst="1::3:2") /
-             UDP(sport=555, dport=556) /
-             Raw())
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst="1::3:2")
+            / UDP(sport=555, dport=556)
+            / Raw()
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, [p])
-        self.assertEqual(self.base_kp6_err + 2,
-                         self.statistics.get_err_counter(self.kp6_error))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self.base_kp6_err + 2, self.statistics.get_err_counter(self.kp6_error)
+        )
 
         # send a data packet from the peer through the tunnel
         # this completes the handshake
-        p = (IPv6(src="1::3:1", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6, hlim=20) /
-             UDP(sport=222, dport=223) /
-             Raw())
+        p = (
+            IPv6(src="1::3:1", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6, hlim=20)
+            / UDP(sport=222, dport=223)
+            / Raw()
+        )
         d = peer_1.encrypt_transport(p)
-        p = (peer_1.mk_tunnel_header(self.pg1, True) /
-             (Wireguard(message_type=4, reserved_zero=0) /
-              WireguardTransport(receiver_index=peer_1.sender,
-                                 counter=0,
-                                 encrypted_encapsulated_packet=d)))
+        p = peer_1.mk_tunnel_header(self.pg1, True) / (
+            Wireguard(message_type=4, reserved_zero=0)
+            / WireguardTransport(
+                receiver_index=peer_1.sender, counter=0, encrypted_encapsulated_packet=d
+            )
+        )
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, [p], self.pg0)
 
         for rx in rxs:
@@ -751,10 +791,12 @@ class TestWg(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(rx[IPv6].hlim, 19)
 
         # send a packets that are routed into the tunnel
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst="1::3:2") /
-             UDP(sport=555, dport=556) /
-             Raw(b'\x00' * 80))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst="1::3:2")
+            / UDP(sport=555, dport=556)
+            / Raw(b"\x00" * 80)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * 255, self.pg1)
 
@@ -763,19 +805,28 @@ class TestWg(VppTestCase):
 
             # chech the oringial packet is present
             self.assertEqual(rx[IPv6].dst, p[IPv6].dst)
-            self.assertEqual(rx[IPv6].hlim, p[IPv6].hlim-1)
+            self.assertEqual(rx[IPv6].hlim, p[IPv6].hlim - 1)
 
         # send packets into the tunnel, expect to receive them on
         # the other side
-        p = [(peer_1.mk_tunnel_header(self.pg1, True) /
-              Wireguard(message_type=4, reserved_zero=0) /
-              WireguardTransport(
-                  receiver_index=peer_1.sender,
-                  counter=ii+1,
-                  encrypted_encapsulated_packet=peer_1.encrypt_transport(
-                      (IPv6(src="1::3:1", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6, hlim=20) /
-                       UDP(sport=222, dport=223) /
-                       Raw())))) for ii in range(255)]
+        p = [
+            (
+                peer_1.mk_tunnel_header(self.pg1, True)
+                / Wireguard(message_type=4, reserved_zero=0)
+                / WireguardTransport(
+                    receiver_index=peer_1.sender,
+                    counter=ii + 1,
+                    encrypted_encapsulated_packet=peer_1.encrypt_transport(
+                        (
+                            IPv6(src="1::3:1", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6, hlim=20)
+                            / UDP(sport=222, dport=223)
+                            / Raw()
+                        )
+                    ),
+                )
+            )
+            for ii in range(255)
+        ]
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p, self.pg0)
 
@@ -788,54 +839,55 @@ class TestWg(VppTestCase):
         wg0.remove_vpp_config()
 
     def test_wg_peer_v6o4(self):
-        """ Test v6o4"""
+        """Test v6o4"""
 
         port = 12353
 
         # Create interfaces
-        wg0 = VppWgInterface(self,
-                             self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                             port).add_vpp_config()
+        wg0 = VppWgInterface(self, self.pg1.local_ip4, port).add_vpp_config()
         wg0.admin_up()
         wg0.config_ip6()
 
-        peer_1 = VppWgPeer(self,
-                           wg0,
-                           self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                           port+1,
-                           ["1::3:0/112"]).add_vpp_config(True)
+        peer_1 = VppWgPeer(
+            self, wg0, self.pg1.remote_ip4, port + 1, ["1::3:0/112"]
+        ).add_vpp_config(True)
         self.assertEqual(len(self.vapi.wireguard_peers_dump()), 1)
 
-        r1 = VppIpRoute(self, "1::3:0", 112,
-                        [VppRoutePath("1::3:1",
-                                      wg0.sw_if_index)]).add_vpp_config()
+        r1 = VppIpRoute(
+            self, "1::3:0", 112, [VppRoutePath("1::3:1", wg0.sw_if_index)]
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         # route a packet into the wg interface
         #  use the allowed-ip prefix
         #  this is dropped because the peer is not initiated
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst="1::3:2") /
-             UDP(sport=555, dport=556) /
-             Raw())
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst="1::3:2")
+            / UDP(sport=555, dport=556)
+            / Raw()
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, [p])
-        self.assertEqual(self.base_kp6_err + 1,
-                         self.statistics.get_err_counter(self.kp6_error))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self.base_kp6_err + 1, self.statistics.get_err_counter(self.kp6_error)
+        )
 
         # send a handsake from the peer with an invalid MAC
         p = peer_1.mk_handshake(self.pg1)
-        p[WireguardInitiation].mac1 = b'foobar'
+        p[WireguardInitiation].mac1 = b"foobar"
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg1, [p])
 
-        self.assertEqual(self.base_mac4_err + 1,
-                         self.statistics.get_err_counter(self.mac4_error))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self.base_mac4_err + 1, self.statistics.get_err_counter(self.mac4_error)
+        )
 
         # send a handsake from the peer but signed by the wrong key.
-        p = peer_1.mk_handshake(self.pg1,
-                                False,
-                                X25519PrivateKey.generate().public_key())
+        p = peer_1.mk_handshake(
+            self.pg1, False, X25519PrivateKey.generate().public_key()
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg1, [p])
-        self.assertEqual(self.base_peer4_err + 1,
-                         self.statistics.get_err_counter(self.peer4_error))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self.base_peer4_err + 1, self.statistics.get_err_counter(self.peer4_error)
+        )
 
         # send a valid handsake init for which we expect a response
         p = peer_1.mk_handshake(self.pg1)
@@ -846,25 +898,31 @@ class TestWg(VppTestCase):
 
         # route a packet into the wg interface
         #  this is dropped because the peer is still not initiated
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst="1::3:2") /
-             UDP(sport=555, dport=556) /
-             Raw())
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst="1::3:2")
+            / UDP(sport=555, dport=556)
+            / Raw()
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, [p])
-        self.assertEqual(self.base_kp6_err + 2,
-                         self.statistics.get_err_counter(self.kp6_error))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self.base_kp6_err + 2, self.statistics.get_err_counter(self.kp6_error)
+        )
 
         # send a data packet from the peer through the tunnel
         # this completes the handshake
-        p = (IPv6(src="1::3:1", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6, hlim=20) /
-             UDP(sport=222, dport=223) /
-             Raw())
+        p = (
+            IPv6(src="1::3:1", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6, hlim=20)
+            / UDP(sport=222, dport=223)
+            / Raw()
+        )
         d = peer_1.encrypt_transport(p)
-        p = (peer_1.mk_tunnel_header(self.pg1) /
-             (Wireguard(message_type=4, reserved_zero=0) /
-              WireguardTransport(receiver_index=peer_1.sender,
-                                 counter=0,
-                                 encrypted_encapsulated_packet=d)))
+        p = peer_1.mk_tunnel_header(self.pg1) / (
+            Wireguard(message_type=4, reserved_zero=0)
+            / WireguardTransport(
+                receiver_index=peer_1.sender, counter=0, encrypted_encapsulated_packet=d
+            )
+        )
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, [p], self.pg0)
 
         for rx in rxs:
@@ -872,10 +930,12 @@ class TestWg(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(rx[IPv6].hlim, 19)
 
         # send a packets that are routed into the tunnel
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst="1::3:2") /
-             UDP(sport=555, dport=556) /
-             Raw(b'\x00' * 80))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IPv6(src=self.pg0.remote_ip6, dst="1::3:2")
+            / UDP(sport=555, dport=556)
+            / Raw(b"\x00" * 80)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * 255, self.pg1)
 
@@ -884,19 +944,28 @@ class TestWg(VppTestCase):
 
             # chech the oringial packet is present
             self.assertEqual(rx[IPv6].dst, p[IPv6].dst)
-            self.assertEqual(rx[IPv6].hlim, p[IPv6].hlim-1)
+            self.assertEqual(rx[IPv6].hlim, p[IPv6].hlim - 1)
 
         # send packets into the tunnel, expect to receive them on
         # the other side
-        p = [(peer_1.mk_tunnel_header(self.pg1) /
-              Wireguard(message_type=4, reserved_zero=0) /
-              WireguardTransport(
-                  receiver_index=peer_1.sender,
-                  counter=ii+1,
-                  encrypted_encapsulated_packet=peer_1.encrypt_transport(
-                      (IPv6(src="1::3:1", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6, hlim=20) /
-                       UDP(sport=222, dport=223) /
-                       Raw())))) for ii in range(255)]
+        p = [
+            (
+                peer_1.mk_tunnel_header(self.pg1)
+                / Wireguard(message_type=4, reserved_zero=0)
+                / WireguardTransport(
+                    receiver_index=peer_1.sender,
+                    counter=ii + 1,
+                    encrypted_encapsulated_packet=peer_1.encrypt_transport(
+                        (
+                            IPv6(src="1::3:1", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip6, hlim=20)
+                            / UDP(sport=222, dport=223)
+                            / Raw()
+                        )
+                    ),
+                )
+            )
+            for ii in range(255)
+        ]
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p, self.pg0)
 
@@ -909,53 +978,54 @@ class TestWg(VppTestCase):
         wg0.remove_vpp_config()
 
     def test_wg_peer_v4o6(self):
-        """ Test v4o6"""
+        """Test v4o6"""
 
         port = 12363
 
         # Create interfaces
-        wg0 = VppWgInterface(self,
-                             self.pg1.local_ip6,
-                             port).add_vpp_config()
+        wg0 = VppWgInterface(self, self.pg1.local_ip6, port).add_vpp_config()
         wg0.admin_up()
         wg0.config_ip4()
 
-        peer_1 = VppWgPeer(self,
-                           wg0,
-                           self.pg1.remote_ip6,
-                           port+1,
-                           ["10.11.3.0/24"]).add_vpp_config()
+        peer_1 = VppWgPeer(
+            self, wg0, self.pg1.remote_ip6, port + 1, ["10.11.3.0/24"]
+        ).add_vpp_config()
         self.assertEqual(len(self.vapi.wireguard_peers_dump()), 1)
 
-        r1 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.11.3.0", 24,
-                        [VppRoutePath("10.11.3.1",
-                                      wg0.sw_if_index)]).add_vpp_config()
+        r1 = VppIpRoute(
+            self, "10.11.3.0", 24, [VppRoutePath("10.11.3.1", wg0.sw_if_index)]
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         # route a packet into the wg interface
         #  use the allowed-ip prefix
         #  this is dropped because the peer is not initiated
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="10.11.3.2") /
-             UDP(sport=555, dport=556) /
-             Raw())
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="10.11.3.2")
+            / UDP(sport=555, dport=556)
+            / Raw()
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, [p])
-        self.assertEqual(self.base_kp4_err + 1,
-                         self.statistics.get_err_counter(self.kp4_error))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self.base_kp4_err + 1, self.statistics.get_err_counter(self.kp4_error)
+        )
 
         # send a handsake from the peer with an invalid MAC
         p = peer_1.mk_handshake(self.pg1, True)
-        p[WireguardInitiation].mac1 = b'foobar'
+        p[WireguardInitiation].mac1 = b"foobar"
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg1, [p])
-        self.assertEqual(self.base_mac6_err + 1,
-                         self.statistics.get_err_counter(self.mac6_error))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self.base_mac6_err + 1, self.statistics.get_err_counter(self.mac6_error)
+        )
 
         # send a handsake from the peer but signed by the wrong key.
-        p = peer_1.mk_handshake(self.pg1,
-                                True,
-                                X25519PrivateKey.generate().public_key())
+        p = peer_1.mk_handshake(
+            self.pg1, True, X25519PrivateKey.generate().public_key()
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg1, [p])
-        self.assertEqual(self.base_peer6_err + 1,
-                         self.statistics.get_err_counter(self.peer6_error))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self.base_peer6_err + 1, self.statistics.get_err_counter(self.peer6_error)
+        )
 
         # send a valid handsake init for which we expect a response
         p = peer_1.mk_handshake(self.pg1, True)
@@ -966,25 +1036,31 @@ class TestWg(VppTestCase):
 
         # route a packet into the wg interface
         #  this is dropped because the peer is still not initiated
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="10.11.3.2") /
-             UDP(sport=555, dport=556) /
-             Raw())
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="10.11.3.2")
+            / UDP(sport=555, dport=556)
+            / Raw()
+        )
         self.send_and_assert_no_replies(self.pg0, [p])
-        self.assertEqual(self.base_kp4_err + 2,
-                         self.statistics.get_err_counter(self.kp4_error))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self.base_kp4_err + 2, self.statistics.get_err_counter(self.kp4_error)
+        )
 
         # send a data packet from the peer through the tunnel
         # this completes the handshake
-        p = (IP(src="10.11.3.1", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4, ttl=20) /
-             UDP(sport=222, dport=223) /
-             Raw())
+        p = (
+            IP(src="10.11.3.1", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4, ttl=20)
+            / UDP(sport=222, dport=223)
+            / Raw()
+        )
         d = peer_1.encrypt_transport(p)
-        p = (peer_1.mk_tunnel_header(self.pg1, True) /
-             (Wireguard(message_type=4, reserved_zero=0) /
-              WireguardTransport(receiver_index=peer_1.sender,
-                                 counter=0,
-                                 encrypted_encapsulated_packet=d)))
+        p = peer_1.mk_tunnel_header(self.pg1, True) / (
+            Wireguard(message_type=4, reserved_zero=0)
+            / WireguardTransport(
+                receiver_index=peer_1.sender, counter=0, encrypted_encapsulated_packet=d
+            )
+        )
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, [p], self.pg0)
 
         for rx in rxs:
@@ -992,10 +1068,12 @@ class TestWg(VppTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(rx[IP].ttl, 19)
 
         # send a packets that are routed into the tunnel
-        p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-             IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="10.11.3.2") /
-             UDP(sport=555, dport=556) /
-             Raw(b'\x00' * 80))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="10.11.3.2")
+            / UDP(sport=555, dport=556)
+            / Raw(b"\x00" * 80)
+        )
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * 255, self.pg1)
 
@@ -1004,19 +1082,28 @@ class TestWg(VppTestCase):
 
             # chech the oringial packet is present
             self.assertEqual(rx[IP].dst, p[IP].dst)
-            self.assertEqual(rx[IP].ttl, p[IP].ttl-1)
+            self.assertEqual(rx[IP].ttl, p[IP].ttl - 1)
 
         # send packets into the tunnel, expect to receive them on
         # the other side
-        p = [(peer_1.mk_tunnel_header(self.pg1, True) /
-              Wireguard(message_type=4, reserved_zero=0) /
-              WireguardTransport(
-                  receiver_index=peer_1.sender,
-                  counter=ii+1,
-                  encrypted_encapsulated_packet=peer_1.encrypt_transport(
-                      (IP(src="10.11.3.1", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4, ttl=20) /
-                       UDP(sport=222, dport=223) /
-                       Raw())))) for ii in range(255)]
+        p = [
+            (
+                peer_1.mk_tunnel_header(self.pg1, True)
+                / Wireguard(message_type=4, reserved_zero=0)
+                / WireguardTransport(
+                    receiver_index=peer_1.sender,
+                    counter=ii + 1,
+                    encrypted_encapsulated_packet=peer_1.encrypt_transport(
+                        (
+                            IP(src="10.11.3.1", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4, ttl=20)
+                            / UDP(sport=222, dport=223)
+                            / Raw()
+                        )
+                    ),
+                )
+            )
+            for ii in range(255)
+        ]
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p, self.pg0)
 
@@ -1029,16 +1116,12 @@ class TestWg(VppTestCase):
         wg0.remove_vpp_config()
 
     def test_wg_multi_peer(self):
-        """ multiple peer setup """
+        """multiple peer setup"""
         port = 12373
 
         # Create interfaces
-        wg0 = VppWgInterface(self,
-                             self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                             port).add_vpp_config()
-        wg1 = VppWgInterface(self,
-                             self.pg2.local_ip4,
-                             port+1).add_vpp_config()
+        wg0 = VppWgInterface(self, self.pg1.local_ip4, port).add_vpp_config()
+        wg1 = VppWgInterface(self, self.pg2.local_ip4, port + 1).add_vpp_config()
         wg0.admin_up()
         wg1.admin_up()
 
@@ -1060,25 +1143,43 @@ class TestWg(VppTestCase):
         routes_1 = []
         routes_2 = []
         for i in range(NUM_PEERS):
-            peers_1.append(VppWgPeer(self,
-                                     wg0,
-                                     self.pg1.remote_hosts[i].ip4,
-                                     port+1+i,
-                                     ["10.0.%d.4/32" % i]).add_vpp_config())
-            routes_1.append(VppIpRoute(self, "10.0.%d.4" % i, 32,
-                            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_hosts[i].ip4,
-                                          wg0.sw_if_index)]).add_vpp_config())
+            peers_1.append(
+                VppWgPeer(
+                    self,
+                    wg0,
+                    self.pg1.remote_hosts[i].ip4,
+                    port + 1 + i,
+                    ["10.0.%d.4/32" % i],
+                ).add_vpp_config()
+            )
+            routes_1.append(
+                VppIpRoute(
+                    self,
+                    "10.0.%d.4" % i,
+                    32,
+                    [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_hosts[i].ip4, wg0.sw_if_index)],
+                ).add_vpp_config()
+            )
 
-            peers_2.append(VppWgPeer(self,
-                                     wg1,
-                                     self.pg2.remote_hosts[i].ip4,
-                                     port+100+i,
-                                     ["10.100.%d.4/32" % i]).add_vpp_config())
-            routes_2.append(VppIpRoute(self, "10.100.%d.4" % i, 32,
-                            [VppRoutePath(self.pg2.remote_hosts[i].ip4,
-                                          wg1.sw_if_index)]).add_vpp_config())
+            peers_2.append(
+                VppWgPeer(
+                    self,
+                    wg1,
+                    self.pg2.remote_hosts[i].ip4,
+                    port + 100 + i,
+                    ["10.100.%d.4/32" % i],
+                ).add_vpp_config()
+            )
+            routes_2.append(
+                VppIpRoute(
+                    self,
+                    "10.100.%d.4" % i,
+                    32,
+                    [VppRoutePath(self.pg2.remote_hosts[i].ip4, wg1.sw_if_index)],
+                ).add_vpp_config()
+            )
 
-        self.assertEqual(len(self.vapi.wireguard_peers_dump()), NUM_PEERS*2)
+        self.assertEqual(len(self.vapi.wireguard_peers_dump()), NUM_PEERS * 2)
 
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show wireguard peer"))
         self.logger.info(self.vapi.cli("show wireguard interface"))
@@ -1104,7 +1205,7 @@ class TestWg(VppTestCase):
         wg1.remove_vpp_config()
 
     def test_wg_multi_interface(self):
-        """ Multi-tunnel on the same port """
+        """Multi-tunnel on the same port"""
         port = 12500
 
         # Create many wireguard interfaces
@@ -1120,21 +1221,28 @@ class TestWg(VppTestCase):
         wg_ifs = []
         for i in range(NUM_IFS):
             # Use the same port for each interface
-            wg0 = VppWgInterface(self,
-                                 self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                                 port).add_vpp_config()
+            wg0 = VppWgInterface(self, self.pg1.local_ip4, port).add_vpp_config()
             wg0.admin_up()
             wg0.config_ip4()
             wg_ifs.append(wg0)
-            peers.append(VppWgPeer(self,
-                                   wg0,
-                                   self.pg1.remote_hosts[i].ip4,
-                                   port+1+i,
-                                   ["10.0.%d.0/24" % i]).add_vpp_config())
+            peers.append(
+                VppWgPeer(
+                    self,
+                    wg0,
+                    self.pg1.remote_hosts[i].ip4,
+                    port + 1 + i,
+                    ["10.0.%d.0/24" % i],
+                ).add_vpp_config()
+            )
 
-            routes.append(VppIpRoute(self, "10.0.%d.0" % i, 24,
-                          [VppRoutePath("10.0.%d.4" % i,
-                                        wg0.sw_if_index)]).add_vpp_config())
+            routes.append(
+                VppIpRoute(
+                    self,
+                    "10.0.%d.0" % i,
+                    24,
+                    [VppRoutePath("10.0.%d.4" % i, wg0.sw_if_index)],
+                ).add_vpp_config()
+            )
 
         self.assertEqual(len(self.vapi.wireguard_peers_dump()), NUM_IFS)
 
@@ -1146,16 +1254,20 @@ class TestWg(VppTestCase):
 
             # send a data packet from the peer through the tunnel
             # this completes the handshake
-            p = (IP(src="10.0.%d.4" % i,
-                    dst=self.pg0.remote_hosts[i].ip4, ttl=20) /
-                 UDP(sport=222, dport=223) /
-                 Raw())
+            p = (
+                IP(src="10.0.%d.4" % i, dst=self.pg0.remote_hosts[i].ip4, ttl=20)
+                / UDP(sport=222, dport=223)
+                / Raw()
+            )
             d = peers[i].encrypt_transport(p)
-            p = (peers[i].mk_tunnel_header(self.pg1) /
-                 (Wireguard(message_type=4, reserved_zero=0) /
-                  WireguardTransport(receiver_index=peers[i].sender,
-                                     counter=0,
-                                     encrypted_encapsulated_packet=d)))
+            p = peers[i].mk_tunnel_header(self.pg1) / (
+                Wireguard(message_type=4, reserved_zero=0)
+                / WireguardTransport(
+                    receiver_index=peers[i].sender,
+                    counter=0,
+                    encrypted_encapsulated_packet=d,
+                )
+            )
             rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, [p], self.pg0)
             for rx in rxs:
                 self.assertEqual(rx[IP].dst, self.pg0.remote_hosts[i].ip4)
@@ -1163,10 +1275,12 @@ class TestWg(VppTestCase):
 
         # send a packets that are routed into the tunnel
         for i in range(NUM_IFS):
-            p = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-                 IP(src=self.pg0.remote_hosts[i].ip4, dst="10.0.%d.4" % i) /
-                 UDP(sport=555, dport=556) /
-                 Raw(b'\x00' * 80))
+            p = (
+                Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+                / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_hosts[i].ip4, dst="10.0.%d.4" % i)
+                / UDP(sport=555, dport=556)
+                / Raw(b"\x00" * 80)
+            )
 
             rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, p * 64, self.pg1)
 
@@ -1175,20 +1289,32 @@ class TestWg(VppTestCase):
 
                 # check the oringial packet is present
                 self.assertEqual(rx[IP].dst, p[IP].dst)
-                self.assertEqual(rx[IP].ttl, p[IP].ttl-1)
+                self.assertEqual(rx[IP].ttl, p[IP].ttl - 1)
 
         # send packets into the tunnel
         for i in range(NUM_IFS):
-            p = [(peers[i].mk_tunnel_header(self.pg1) /
-                  Wireguard(message_type=4, reserved_zero=0) /
-                  WireguardTransport(
-                      receiver_index=peers[i].sender,
-                      counter=ii+1,
-                      encrypted_encapsulated_packet=peers[i].encrypt_transport(
-                          (IP(src="10.0.%d.4" % i,
-                              dst=self.pg0.remote_hosts[i].ip4, ttl=20) /
-                           UDP(sport=222, dport=223) /
-                           Raw())))) for ii in range(64)]
+            p = [
+                (
+                    peers[i].mk_tunnel_header(self.pg1)
+                    / Wireguard(message_type=4, reserved_zero=0)
+                    / WireguardTransport(
+                        receiver_index=peers[i].sender,
+                        counter=ii + 1,
+                        encrypted_encapsulated_packet=peers[i].encrypt_transport(
+                            (
+                                IP(
+                                    src="10.0.%d.4" % i,
+                                    dst=self.pg0.remote_hosts[i].ip4,
+                                    ttl=20,
+                                )
+                                / UDP(sport=222, dport=223)
+                                / Raw()
+                            )
+                        ),
+                    )
+                )
+                for ii in range(64)
+            ]
 
             rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p, self.pg0)
 
@@ -1204,22 +1330,16 @@ class TestWg(VppTestCase):
             i.remove_vpp_config()
 
     def test_wg_event(self):
-        """ Test events """
+        """Test events"""
         port = 12600
-        ESTABLISHED_FLAG = VppEnum.\
-            vl_api_wireguard_peer_flags_t.\
-            WIREGUARD_PEER_ESTABLISHED
-        DEAD_FLAG = VppEnum.\
-            vl_api_wireguard_peer_flags_t.\
-            WIREGUARD_PEER_STATUS_DEAD
+        ESTABLISHED_FLAG = (
+            VppEnum.vl_api_wireguard_peer_flags_t.WIREGUARD_PEER_ESTABLISHED
+        )
+        DEAD_FLAG = VppEnum.vl_api_wireguard_peer_flags_t.WIREGUARD_PEER_STATUS_DEAD
 
         # Create interfaces
-        wg0 = VppWgInterface(self,
-                             self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                             port).add_vpp_config()
-        wg1 = VppWgInterface(self,
-                             self.pg2.local_ip4,
-                             port+1).add_vpp_config()
+        wg0 = VppWgInterface(self, self.pg1.local_ip4, port).add_vpp_config()
+        wg1 = VppWgInterface(self, self.pg2.local_ip4, port + 1).add_vpp_config()
         wg0.admin_up()
         wg1.admin_up()
 
@@ -1241,25 +1361,43 @@ class TestWg(VppTestCase):
         routes_0 = []
         routes_1 = []
         for i in range(NUM_PEERS):
-            peers_0.append(VppWgPeer(self,
-                                     wg0,
-                                     self.pg1.remote_hosts[i].ip4,
-                                     port+1+i,
-                                     ["10.0.%d.4/32" % i]).add_vpp_config())
-            routes_0.append(VppIpRoute(self, "10.0.%d.4" % i, 32,
-                            [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_hosts[i].ip4,
-                                          wg0.sw_if_index)]).add_vpp_config())
+            peers_0.append(
+                VppWgPeer(
+                    self,
+                    wg0,
+                    self.pg1.remote_hosts[i].ip4,
+                    port + 1 + i,
+                    ["10.0.%d.4/32" % i],
+                ).add_vpp_config()
+            )
+            routes_0.append(
+                VppIpRoute(
+                    self,
+                    "10.0.%d.4" % i,
+                    32,
+                    [VppRoutePath(self.pg1.remote_hosts[i].ip4, wg0.sw_if_index)],
+                ).add_vpp_config()
+            )
 
-            peers_1.append(VppWgPeer(self,
-                                     wg1,
-                                     self.pg2.remote_hosts[i].ip4,
-                                     port+100+i,
-                                     ["10.100.%d.4/32" % i]).add_vpp_config())
-            routes_1.append(VppIpRoute(self, "10.100.%d.4" % i, 32,
-                            [VppRoutePath(self.pg2.remote_hosts[i].ip4,
-                                          wg1.sw_if_index)]).add_vpp_config())
+            peers_1.append(
+                VppWgPeer(
+                    self,
+                    wg1,
+                    self.pg2.remote_hosts[i].ip4,
+                    port + 100 + i,
+                    ["10.100.%d.4/32" % i],
+                ).add_vpp_config()
+            )
+            routes_1.append(
+                VppIpRoute(
+                    self,
+                    "10.100.%d.4" % i,
+                    32,
+                    [VppRoutePath(self.pg2.remote_hosts[i].ip4, wg1.sw_if_index)],
+                ).add_vpp_config()
+            )
 
-        self.assertEqual(len(self.vapi.wireguard_peers_dump()), NUM_PEERS*2)
+        self.assertEqual(len(self.vapi.wireguard_peers_dump()), NUM_PEERS * 2)
 
         # Want events from the first perr of wg0
         # and from all wg1 peers
@@ -1271,16 +1409,14 @@ class TestWg(VppTestCase):
             p = peers_0[i].mk_handshake(self.pg1)
             rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, [p], self.pg1)
             peers_0[i].consume_response(rx[0])
-            if (i == 0):
+            if i == 0:
                 peers_0[0].wait_event(ESTABLISHED_FLAG)
 
             p = peers_1[i].mk_handshake(self.pg2)
             rx = self.send_and_expect(self.pg2, [p], self.pg2)
             peers_1[i].consume_response(rx[0])
 
-        wg1.wait_events(
-            ESTABLISHED_FLAG,
-            [peers_1[0].index, peers_1[1].index])
+        wg1.wait_events(ESTABLISHED_FLAG, [peers_1[0].index, peers_1[1].index])
 
         # remove routes
         for r in routes_0:
@@ -1292,7 +1428,7 @@ class TestWg(VppTestCase):
         for i in range(NUM_PEERS):
             self.assertTrue(peers_0[i].query_vpp_config())
             peers_0[i].remove_vpp_config()
-            if (i == 0):
+            if i == 0:
                 peers_0[i].wait_event(0)
                 peers_0[i].wait_event(DEAD_FLAG)
         for p in peers_1:
@@ -1306,32 +1442,28 @@ class TestWg(VppTestCase):
 
 
 class WireguardHandoffTests(TestWg):
-    """ Wireguard Tests in multi worker setup """
+    """Wireguard Tests in multi worker setup"""
+
     vpp_worker_count = 2
 
     def test_wg_peer_init(self):
-        """ Handoff """
+        """Handoff"""
 
         port = 12383
 
         # Create interfaces
-        wg0 = VppWgInterface(self,
-                             self.pg1.local_ip4,
-                             port).add_vpp_config()
+        wg0 = VppWgInterface(self, self.pg1.local_ip4, port).add_vpp_config()
         wg0.admin_up()
         wg0.config_ip4()
 
-        peer_1 = VppWgPeer(self,
-                           wg0,
-                           self.pg1.remote_ip4,
-                           port+1,
-                           ["10.11.2.0/24",
-                            "10.11.3.0/24"]).add_vpp_config()
+        peer_1 = VppWgPeer(
+            self, wg0, self.pg1.remote_ip4, port + 1, ["10.11.2.0/24", "10.11.3.0/24"]
+        ).add_vpp_config()
         self.assertEqual(len(self.vapi.wireguard_peers_dump()), 1)
 
-        r1 = VppIpRoute(self, "10.11.3.0", 24,
-                        [VppRoutePath("10.11.3.1",
-                                      wg0.sw_if_index)]).add_vpp_config()
+        r1 = VppIpRoute(
+            self, "10.11.3.0", 24, [VppRoutePath("10.11.3.1", wg0.sw_if_index)]
+        ).add_vpp_config()
 
         # send a valid handsake init for which we expect a response
         p = peer_1.mk_handshake(self.pg1)
@@ -1342,17 +1474,19 @@ class WireguardHandoffTests(TestWg):
 
         # send a data packet from the peer through the tunnel
         # this completes the handshake and pins the peer to worker 0
-        p = (IP(src="10.11.3.1", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4, ttl=20) /
-             UDP(sport=222, dport=223) /
-             Raw())
+        p = (
+            IP(src="10.11.3.1", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4, ttl=20)
+            / UDP(sport=222, dport=223)
+            / Raw()
+        )
         d = peer_1.encrypt_transport(p)
-        p = (peer_1.mk_tunnel_header(self.pg1) /
-             (Wireguard(message_type=4, reserved_zero=0) /
-              WireguardTransport(receiver_index=peer_1.sender,
-                                 counter=0,
-                                 encrypted_encapsulated_packet=d)))
-        rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, [p], self.pg0,
-                                   worker=0)
+        p = peer_1.mk_tunnel_header(self.pg1) / (
+            Wireguard(message_type=4, reserved_zero=0)
+            / WireguardTransport(
+                receiver_index=peer_1.sender, counter=0, encrypted_encapsulated_packet=d
+            )
+        )
+        rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, [p], self.pg0, worker=0)
 
         for rx in rxs:
             self.assertEqual(rx[IP].dst, self.pg0.remote_ip4)
@@ -1360,23 +1494,34 @@ class WireguardHandoffTests(TestWg):
 
         # send a packets that are routed into the tunnel
         # and pins the peer tp worker 1
-        pe = (Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac) /
-              IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="10.11.3.2") /
-              UDP(sport=555, dport=556) /
-              Raw(b'\x00' * 80))
+        pe = (
+            Ether(dst=self.pg0.local_mac, src=self.pg0.remote_mac)
+            / IP(src=self.pg0.remote_ip4, dst="10.11.3.2")
+            / UDP(sport=555, dport=556)
+            / Raw(b"\x00" * 80)
+        )
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg0, pe * 255, self.pg1, worker=1)
         peer_1.validate_encapped(rxs, pe)
 
         # send packets into the tunnel, from the other worker
-        p = [(peer_1.mk_tunnel_header(self.pg1) /
-              Wireguard(message_type=4, reserved_zero=0) /
-              WireguardTransport(
+        p = [
+            (
+                peer_1.mk_tunnel_header(self.pg1)
+                / Wireguard(message_type=4, reserved_zero=0)
+                / WireguardTransport(
                     receiver_index=peer_1.sender,
-                    counter=ii+1,
+                    counter=ii + 1,
                     encrypted_encapsulated_packet=peer_1.encrypt_transport(
-                        (IP(src="10.11.3.1", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4, ttl=20) /
-                         UDP(sport=222, dport=223) /
-                         Raw())))) for ii in range(255)]
+                        (
+                            IP(src="10.11.3.1", dst=self.pg0.remote_ip4, ttl=20)
+                            / UDP(sport=222, dport=223)
+                            / Raw()
+                        )
+                    ),
+                )
+            )
+            for ii in range(255)
+        ]
 
         rxs = self.send_and_expect(self.pg1, p, self.pg0, worker=1)
 
@@ -1396,4 +1541,4 @@ class WireguardHandoffTests(TestWg):
 
     @unittest.skip("test disabled")
     def test_wg_multi_interface(self):
-        """ Multi-tunnel on the same port """
+        """Multi-tunnel on the same port"""
diff --git a/test/util.py b/test/util.py
index 2c24571c350..249bd864259 100644
--- a/test/util.py
+++ b/test/util.py
@@ -11,8 +11,12 @@ from collections import UserDict
 import scapy.compat
 from scapy.layers.l2 import Ether
 from scapy.layers.inet import IP
-from scapy.layers.inet6 import IPv6, IPv6ExtHdrFragment, IPv6ExtHdrRouting,\
-    IPv6ExtHdrHopByHop
+from scapy.layers.inet6 import (
+    IPv6,
+    IPv6ExtHdrFragment,
+    IPv6ExtHdrRouting,
+    IPv6ExtHdrHopByHop,
+)
 from scapy.packet import Raw
 from scapy.utils import hexdump
 from scapy.utils6 import in6_mactoifaceid
@@ -21,7 +25,7 @@ from io import BytesIO
 from vpp_papi import mac_pton
 
 # Set up an empty logger for the testcase that can be overridden as necessary
-null_logger = logging.getLogger('VppTestCase.util')
+null_logger = logging.getLogger("VppTestCase.util")
 null_logger.addHandler(logging.NullHandler())
 
 
@@ -30,14 +34,16 @@ def pr(packet):
 
 
 def ppp(headline, packet):
-    """ Return string containing headline and output of scapy packet.show() """
-    return '%s\n%s\n\n%s\n' % (headline,
-                               hexdump(packet, dump=True),
-                               packet.show(dump=True))
+    """Return string containing headline and output of scapy packet.show()"""
+    return "%s\n%s\n\n%s\n" % (
+        headline,
+        hexdump(packet, dump=True),
+        packet.show(dump=True),
+    )
 
 
 def ppc(headline, capture, limit=10):
-    """ Return string containing ppp() printout for a capture.
+    """Return string containing ppp() printout for a capture.
 
     :param headline: printed as first line of output
     :param capture: packets to print
@@ -48,14 +54,17 @@ def ppc(headline, capture, limit=10):
     tail = ""
     if limit < len(capture):
         tail = "\nPrint limit reached, %s out of %s packets printed" % (
-            limit, len(capture))
-    body = "".join([ppp("Packet #%s:" % count, p)
-                    for count, p in zip(range(0, limit), capture)])
+            limit,
+            len(capture),
+        )
+    body = "".join(
+        [ppp("Packet #%s:" % count, p) for count, p in zip(range(0, limit), capture)]
+    )
     return "%s\n%s%s" % (headline, body, tail)
 
 
 def ip4_range(ip4, s, e):
-    tmp = ip4.rsplit('.', 1)[0]
+    tmp = ip4.rsplit(".", 1)[0]
     return ("%s.%d" % (tmp, i) for i in range(s, e))
 
 
@@ -65,14 +74,18 @@ def mcast_ip_to_mac(ip):
         raise ValueError("Must be multicast address.")
     ip_as_int = int(ip)
     if ip.version == 4:
-        mcast_mac = "01:00:5e:%02x:%02x:%02x" % ((ip_as_int >> 16) & 0x7f,
-                                                 (ip_as_int >> 8) & 0xff,
-                                                 ip_as_int & 0xff)
+        mcast_mac = "01:00:5e:%02x:%02x:%02x" % (
+            (ip_as_int >> 16) & 0x7F,
+            (ip_as_int >> 8) & 0xFF,
+            ip_as_int & 0xFF,
+        )
     else:
-        mcast_mac = "33:33:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x" % ((ip_as_int >> 24) & 0xff,
-                                                   (ip_as_int >> 16) & 0xff,
-                                                   (ip_as_int >> 8) & 0xff,
-                                                   ip_as_int & 0xff)
+        mcast_mac = "33:33:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x" % (
+            (ip_as_int >> 24) & 0xFF,
+            (ip_as_int >> 16) & 0xFF,
+            (ip_as_int >> 8) & 0xFF,
+            ip_as_int & 0xFF,
+        )
     return mcast_mac
 
 
@@ -84,8 +97,7 @@ def mk_ll_addr(mac):
 
 
 def ip6_normalize(ip6):
-    return socket.inet_ntop(socket.AF_INET6,
-                            socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET6, ip6))
+    return socket.inet_ntop(socket.AF_INET6, socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET6, ip6))
 
 
 def get_core_path(tempdir):
@@ -107,13 +119,14 @@ def check_core_path(logger, core_path):
     if corefmt.startswith("|"):
         logger.error(
             "WARNING: redirecting the core dump through a"
-            " filter may result in truncated dumps.")
+            " filter may result in truncated dumps."
+        )
         logger.error(
             "   You may want to check the filter settings"
             " or uninstall it and edit the"
-            " /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern accordingly.")
-        logger.error(
-            "   current core pattern is: %s" % corefmt)
+            " /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern accordingly."
+        )
+        logger.error("   current core pattern is: %s" % corefmt)
 
 
 class NumericConstant:
@@ -136,55 +149,57 @@ class NumericConstant:
 
 
 class Host:
-    """ Generic test host "connected" to VPPs interface. """
+    """Generic test host "connected" to VPPs interface."""
 
     @property
     def mac(self):
-        """ MAC address """
+        """MAC address"""
         return self._mac
 
     @property
     def bin_mac(self):
-        """ MAC address """
+        """MAC address"""
         return mac_pton(self._mac)
 
     @property
     def ip4(self):
-        """ IPv4 address - string """
+        """IPv4 address - string"""
         return self._ip4
 
     @property
     def ip4n(self):
-        """ IPv4 address of remote host - raw, suitable as API parameter."""
+        """IPv4 address of remote host - raw, suitable as API parameter."""
         return socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET, self._ip4)
 
     @property
     def ip6(self):
-        """ IPv6 address - string """
+        """IPv6 address - string"""
         return self._ip6
 
     @property
     def ip6n(self):
-        """ IPv6 address of remote host - raw, suitable as API parameter."""
+        """IPv6 address of remote host - raw, suitable as API parameter."""
         return socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET6, self._ip6)
 
     @property
     def ip6_ll(self):
-        """ IPv6 link-local address - string """
+        """IPv6 link-local address - string"""
         return self._ip6_ll
 
     @property
     def ip6n_ll(self):
-        """ IPv6 link-local address of remote host -
+        """IPv6 link-local address of remote host -
         raw, suitable as API parameter."""
         return socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET6, self._ip6_ll)
 
     def __eq__(self, other):
         if isinstance(other, Host):
-            return (self.mac == other.mac and
-                    self.ip4 == other.ip4 and
-                    self.ip6 == other.ip6 and
-                    self.ip6_ll == other.ip6_ll)
+            return (
+                self.mac == other.mac
+                and self.ip4 == other.ip4
+                and self.ip6 == other.ip6
+                and self.ip6_ll == other.ip6_ll
+            )
         else:
             return False
 
@@ -192,10 +207,12 @@ class Host:
         return not self.__eq__(other)
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return "Host { mac:%s ip4:%s ip6:%s ip6_ll:%s }" % (self.mac,
-                                                            self.ip4,
-                                                            self.ip6,
-                                                            self.ip6_ll)
+        return "Host { mac:%s ip4:%s ip6:%s ip6_ll:%s }" % (
+            self.mac,
+            self.ip4,
+            self.ip6,
+            self.ip6_ll,
+        )
 
     def __hash__(self):
         return hash(self.__repr__())
@@ -207,8 +224,8 @@ class Host:
         self._ip6_ll = ip6_ll
 
 
-class L4_Conn():
-    """ L4 'connection' tied to two VPP interfaces """
+class L4_Conn:
+    """L4 'connection' tied to two VPP interfaces"""
 
     def __init__(self, testcase, if1, if2, af, l4proto, port1, port2):
         self.testcase = testcase
@@ -228,22 +245,25 @@ class L4_Conn():
         s1 = 1 - side
         src_if = self.ifs[s0]
         dst_if = self.ifs[s1]
-        layer_3 = [IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_if.remote_ip4),
-                   IPv6(src=src_if.remote_ip6, dst=dst_if.remote_ip6)]
-        merged_l4args = {'sport': self.ports[s0], 'dport': self.ports[s1]}
+        layer_3 = [
+            IP(src=src_if.remote_ip4, dst=dst_if.remote_ip4),
+            IPv6(src=src_if.remote_ip6, dst=dst_if.remote_ip6),
+        ]
+        merged_l4args = {"sport": self.ports[s0], "dport": self.ports[s1]}
         merged_l4args.update(l4args)
-        p = (Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac) /
-             layer_3[is_ip6] /
-             self.l4proto(**merged_l4args) /
-             Raw(payload))
+        p = (
+            Ether(dst=src_if.local_mac, src=src_if.remote_mac)
+            / layer_3[is_ip6]
+            / self.l4proto(**merged_l4args)
+            / Raw(payload)
+        )
         return p
 
     def send(self, side, flags=None, payload=""):
         l4args = {}
         if flags is not None:
-            l4args['flags'] = flags
-        self.ifs[side].add_stream(self.pkt(side,
-                                           l4args=l4args, payload=payload))
+            l4args["flags"] = flags
+        self.ifs[side].add_stream(self.pkt(side, l4args=l4args, payload=payload))
         self.ifs[1 - side].enable_capture()
         self.testcase.pg_start()
 
@@ -285,8 +305,8 @@ def fragment_rfc791(packet, fragsize, logger=null_logger):
     pre_ip_len = len(packet) - len(packet[IP])
     ip_header_len = packet[IP].ihl * 4
     hex_packet = scapy.compat.raw(packet)
-    hex_headers = hex_packet[:(pre_ip_len + ip_header_len)]
-    hex_payload = hex_packet[(pre_ip_len + ip_header_len):]
+    hex_headers = hex_packet[: (pre_ip_len + ip_header_len)]
+    hex_payload = hex_packet[(pre_ip_len + ip_header_len) :]
 
     pkts = []
     ihl = packet[IP].ihl
@@ -294,14 +314,14 @@ def fragment_rfc791(packet, fragsize, logger=null_logger):
     nfb = int((fragsize - pre_ip_len - ihl * 4) / 8)
     fo = packet[IP].frag
 
-    p = packet.__class__(hex_headers + hex_payload[:nfb * 8])
+    p = packet.__class__(hex_headers + hex_payload[: nfb * 8])
     p[IP].flags = "MF"
     p[IP].frag = fo
     p[IP].len = ihl * 4 + nfb * 8
     del p[IP].chksum
     pkts.append(p)
 
-    p = packet.__class__(hex_headers + hex_payload[nfb * 8:])
+    p = packet.__class__(hex_headers + hex_payload[nfb * 8 :])
     p[IP].len = otl - nfb * 8
     p[IP].frag = fo + nfb
     del p[IP].chksum
@@ -345,15 +365,19 @@ def fragment_rfc8200(packet, identification, fragsize, logger=null_logger):
             routing_hdr = counter
         elif l.__class__ is IPv6ExtHdrHopByHop:
             hop_by_hop_hdr = counter
-        elif seen_ipv6 and not upper_layer and \
-                not l.__class__.__name__.startswith('IPv6ExtHdr'):
+        elif (
+            seen_ipv6
+            and not upper_layer
+            and not l.__class__.__name__.startswith("IPv6ExtHdr")
+        ):
             upper_layer = counter
         counter = counter + 1
         l = packet.getlayer(counter)
 
     logger.debug(
-        "Layers seen: IPv6(#%s), Routing(#%s), HopByHop(#%s), upper(#%s)" %
-        (ipv6_nr, routing_hdr, hop_by_hop_hdr, upper_layer))
+        "Layers seen: IPv6(#%s), Routing(#%s), HopByHop(#%s), upper(#%s)"
+        % (ipv6_nr, routing_hdr, hop_by_hop_hdr, upper_layer)
+    )
 
     if upper_layer is None:
         raise Exception("Upper layer header not found in IPv6 packet")
@@ -379,18 +403,27 @@ def fragment_rfc8200(packet, identification, fragsize, logger=null_logger):
     logger.debug(ppp("Fragment header:", fragment_ext_hdr))
 
     len_ext_and_upper_layer_payload = len(ext_and_upper_layer.payload)
-    if not len_ext_and_upper_layer_payload and \
-       hasattr(ext_and_upper_layer, "data"):
+    if not len_ext_and_upper_layer_payload and hasattr(ext_and_upper_layer, "data"):
         len_ext_and_upper_layer_payload = len(ext_and_upper_layer.data)
 
-    if len(per_fragment_headers) + len(fragment_ext_hdr) +\
-            len(ext_and_upper_layer) - len_ext_and_upper_layer_payload\
-            > fragsize:
-        raise Exception("Cannot fragment this packet - MTU too small "
-                        "(%s, %s, %s, %s, %s)" % (
-                            len(per_fragment_headers), len(fragment_ext_hdr),
-                            len(ext_and_upper_layer),
-                            len_ext_and_upper_layer_payload, fragsize))
+    if (
+        len(per_fragment_headers)
+        + len(fragment_ext_hdr)
+        + len(ext_and_upper_layer)
+        - len_ext_and_upper_layer_payload
+        > fragsize
+    ):
+        raise Exception(
+            "Cannot fragment this packet - MTU too small "
+            "(%s, %s, %s, %s, %s)"
+            % (
+                len(per_fragment_headers),
+                len(fragment_ext_hdr),
+                len(ext_and_upper_layer),
+                len_ext_and_upper_layer_payload,
+                fragsize,
+            )
+        )
 
     orig_nh = packet[IPv6].nh
     p = per_fragment_headers
@@ -399,7 +432,7 @@ def fragment_rfc8200(packet, identification, fragsize, logger=null_logger):
     p = p / fragment_ext_hdr
     del p[IPv6ExtHdrFragment].nh
     first_payload_len_nfb = int((fragsize - len(p)) / 8)
-    p = p / Raw(hex_payload[:first_payload_len_nfb * 8])
+    p = p / Raw(hex_payload[: first_payload_len_nfb * 8])
     del p[IPv6].plen
     p[IPv6ExtHdrFragment].nh = orig_nh
     p[IPv6ExtHdrFragment].id = identification
@@ -417,7 +450,7 @@ def fragment_rfc8200(packet, identification, fragsize, logger=null_logger):
         p = p / fragment_ext_hdr
         del p[IPv6ExtHdrFragment].nh
         l_nfb = int((fragsize - len(p)) / 8)
-        p = p / Raw(hex_payload[offset:offset + l_nfb * 8])
+        p = p / Raw(hex_payload[offset : offset + l_nfb * 8])
         p[IPv6ExtHdrFragment].nh = orig_nh
         p[IPv6ExtHdrFragment].id = identification
         p[IPv6ExtHdrFragment].offset = int(offset / 8)
@@ -437,11 +470,11 @@ def reassemble4_core(listoffragments, return_ip):
     first = listoffragments[0]
     buffer.seek(20)
     for pkt in listoffragments:
-        buffer.seek(pkt[IP].frag*8)
+        buffer.seek(pkt[IP].frag * 8)
         buffer.write(bytes(pkt[IP].payload))
     first.len = len(buffer.getvalue()) + 20
     first.flags = 0
-    del(first.chksum)
+    del first.chksum
     if return_ip:
         header = bytes(first[IP])[:20]
         return first[IP].__class__(header + buffer.getvalue())
@@ -472,8 +505,7 @@ def recursive_dict_merge(dict_base, dict_update):
     for key in dict_update:
         if key in dict_base:
             if type(dict_update[key]) is dict:
-                dict_base[key] = recursive_dict_merge(dict_base[key],
-                                                      dict_update[key])
+                dict_base[key] = recursive_dict_merge(dict_base[key], dict_update[key])
             else:
                 dict_base[key] = dict_update[key]
         else:
diff --git a/test/vpp_acl.py b/test/vpp_acl.py
index 2d2f7ca257b..958d6973f26 100644
--- a/test/vpp_acl.py
+++ b/test/vpp_acl.py
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ from vpp_papi_provider import UnexpectedApiReturnValueError
 
 
 class VppAclPlugin(VppObject):
-
     def __init__(self, test, enable_intf_counters=False):
         self._test = test
         self.enable_intf_counters = enable_intf_counters
@@ -30,11 +29,11 @@ class VppAclPlugin(VppObject):
         pass
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return ("acl-plugin-%d" % (self._sw_if_index))
+        return "acl-plugin-%d" % (self._sw_if_index)
 
 
-class AclRule():
-    """ ACL Rule """
+class AclRule:
+    """ACL Rule"""
 
     # port ranges
     PORTS_ALL = -1
@@ -70,10 +69,18 @@ class AclRule():
     icmp6_code_from_2 = 8
     icmp6_code_to_2 = 42
 
-    def __init__(self, is_permit, src_prefix=IPv4Network('0.0.0.0/0'),
-                 dst_prefix=IPv4Network('0.0.0.0/0'),
-                 proto=0, ports=PORTS_ALL, sport_from=None, sport_to=None,
-                 dport_from=None, dport_to=None):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        is_permit,
+        src_prefix=IPv4Network("0.0.0.0/0"),
+        dst_prefix=IPv4Network("0.0.0.0/0"),
+        proto=0,
+        ports=PORTS_ALL,
+        sport_from=None,
+        sport_to=None,
+        dport_from=None,
+        dport_to=None,
+    ):
         self.is_permit = is_permit
         self.src_prefix = src_prefix
         self.dst_prefix = dst_prefix
@@ -92,9 +99,17 @@ class AclRule():
             self.dport_to = dport_to
 
     def __copy__(self):
-        new_rule = AclRule(self.is_permit, self.src_prefix, self.dst_prefix,
-                           self._proto, self._ports, self.sport_from,
-                           self.sport_to, self.dport_from, self.dport_to)
+        new_rule = AclRule(
+            self.is_permit,
+            self.src_prefix,
+            self.dst_prefix,
+            self._proto,
+            self._ports,
+            self.sport_from,
+            self.sport_to,
+            self.dport_from,
+            self.dport_to,
+        )
         return new_rule
 
     def update_ports(self):
@@ -172,17 +187,20 @@ class AclRule():
         self.update_ports()
 
     def encode(self):
-        return {'is_permit': self.is_permit, 'proto': self.proto,
-                'srcport_or_icmptype_first': self.sport_from,
-                'srcport_or_icmptype_last': self.sport_to,
-                'src_prefix': self.src_prefix,
-                'dstport_or_icmpcode_first': self.dport_from,
-                'dstport_or_icmpcode_last': self.dport_to,
-                'dst_prefix': self.dst_prefix}
+        return {
+            "is_permit": self.is_permit,
+            "proto": self.proto,
+            "srcport_or_icmptype_first": self.sport_from,
+            "srcport_or_icmptype_last": self.sport_to,
+            "src_prefix": self.src_prefix,
+            "dstport_or_icmpcode_first": self.dport_from,
+            "dstport_or_icmpcode_last": self.dport_to,
+            "dst_prefix": self.dst_prefix,
+        }
 
 
 class VppAcl(VppObject):
-    """ VPP ACL """
+    """VPP ACL"""
 
     def __init__(self, test, rules, acl_index=INVALID_INDEX, tag=None):
         self._test = test
@@ -211,8 +229,11 @@ class VppAcl(VppObject):
     def add_vpp_config(self, expect_error=False):
         try:
             reply = self._test.vapi.acl_add_replace(
-                acl_index=self._acl_index, tag=self.tag, count=self.count,
-                r=self.encode_rules())
+                acl_index=self._acl_index,
+                tag=self.tag,
+                count=self.count,
+                r=self.encode_rules(),
+            )
             self._acl_index = reply.acl_index
             self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
             if expect_error:
@@ -247,11 +268,11 @@ class VppAcl(VppObject):
         return False
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return ("acl-%s-%d" % (self.tag, self._acl_index))
+        return "acl-%s-%d" % (self.tag, self._acl_index)
 
 
 class VppEtypeWhitelist(VppObject):
-    """ VPP Etype Whitelist """
+    """VPP Etype Whitelist"""
 
     def __init__(self, test, sw_if_index, whitelist, n_input=0):
         self._test = test
@@ -269,26 +290,31 @@ class VppEtypeWhitelist(VppObject):
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
         self._test.vapi.acl_interface_set_etype_whitelist(
-            sw_if_index=self._sw_if_index, count=self.count,
-            n_input=self.n_input, whitelist=self.whitelist)
+            sw_if_index=self._sw_if_index,
+            count=self.count,
+            n_input=self.n_input,
+            whitelist=self.whitelist,
+        )
         self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
         return self
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
         self._test.vapi.acl_interface_set_etype_whitelist(
-            sw_if_index=self._sw_if_index, count=0, n_input=0, whitelist=[])
+            sw_if_index=self._sw_if_index, count=0, n_input=0, whitelist=[]
+        )
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
         self._test.vapi.acl_interface_etype_whitelist_dump(
-            sw_if_index=self._sw_if_index)
+            sw_if_index=self._sw_if_index
+        )
         return False
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return ("acl-etype_wl-%d" % (self._sw_if_index))
+        return "acl-etype_wl-%d" % (self._sw_if_index)
 
 
 class VppAclInterface(VppObject):
-    """ VPP ACL Interface """
+    """VPP ACL Interface"""
 
     def __init__(self, test, sw_if_index, acls, n_input=0):
         self._test = test
@@ -313,8 +339,11 @@ class VppAclInterface(VppObject):
     def add_vpp_config(self, expect_error=False):
         try:
             reply = self._test.vapi.acl_interface_set_acl_list(
-                sw_if_index=self._sw_if_index, n_input=self.n_input,
-                count=self.count, acls=self.encode_acls())
+                sw_if_index=self._sw_if_index,
+                n_input=self.n_input,
+                count=self.count,
+                acls=self.encode_acls(),
+            )
             self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
             if expect_error:
                 self._test.fail("Unexpected api reply")
@@ -327,7 +356,8 @@ class VppAclInterface(VppObject):
     def remove_vpp_config(self, expect_error=False):
         try:
             reply = self._test.vapi.acl_interface_set_acl_list(
-                sw_if_index=self._sw_if_index, n_input=0, count=0, acls=[])
+                sw_if_index=self._sw_if_index, n_input=0, count=0, acls=[]
+            )
             if expect_error:
                 self._test.fail("Unexpected api reply")
         except UnexpectedApiReturnValueError:
@@ -335,35 +365,38 @@ class VppAclInterface(VppObject):
                 self._test.fail("Unexpected api reply")
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
-        dump = self._test.vapi.acl_interface_list_dump(
-            sw_if_index=self._sw_if_index)
+        dump = self._test.vapi.acl_interface_list_dump(sw_if_index=self._sw_if_index)
         for acl_list in dump:
             if acl_list.count > 0:
                 return True
         return False
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return ("acl-if-list-%d" % (self._sw_if_index))
+        return "acl-if-list-%d" % (self._sw_if_index)
 
 
-class MacipRule():
-    """ Mac Ip rule """
+class MacipRule:
+    """Mac Ip rule"""
 
-    def __init__(self, is_permit, src_mac=0, src_mac_mask=0,
-                 src_prefix=IPv4Network('0.0.0.0/0')):
+    def __init__(
+        self, is_permit, src_mac=0, src_mac_mask=0, src_prefix=IPv4Network("0.0.0.0/0")
+    ):
         self.is_permit = is_permit
         self.src_mac = src_mac
         self.src_mac_mask = src_mac_mask
         self.src_prefix = src_prefix
 
     def encode(self):
-        return {'is_permit': self.is_permit, 'src_mac': self.src_mac,
-                'src_mac_mask': self.src_mac_mask,
-                'src_prefix': self.src_prefix}
+        return {
+            "is_permit": self.is_permit,
+            "src_mac": self.src_mac,
+            "src_mac_mask": self.src_mac_mask,
+            "src_prefix": self.src_prefix,
+        }
 
 
 class VppMacipAcl(VppObject):
-    """ Vpp Mac Ip ACL """
+    """Vpp Mac Ip ACL"""
 
     def __init__(self, test, rules, acl_index=INVALID_INDEX, tag=None):
         self._test = test
@@ -392,8 +425,11 @@ class VppMacipAcl(VppObject):
     def add_vpp_config(self, expect_error=False):
         try:
             reply = self._test.vapi.macip_acl_add_replace(
-                acl_index=self._acl_index, tag=self.tag, count=self.count,
-                r=self.encode_rules())
+                acl_index=self._acl_index,
+                tag=self.tag,
+                count=self.count,
+                r=self.encode_rules(),
+            )
             self._acl_index = reply.acl_index
             self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
             if expect_error:
@@ -428,11 +464,11 @@ class VppMacipAcl(VppObject):
         return False
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return ("macip-acl-%s-%d" % (self.tag, self._acl_index))
+        return "macip-acl-%s-%d" % (self.tag, self._acl_index)
 
 
 class VppMacipAclInterface(VppObject):
-    """ VPP Mac Ip ACL Interface """
+    """VPP Mac Ip ACL Interface"""
 
     def __init__(self, test, sw_if_index, acls):
         self._test = test
@@ -450,19 +486,20 @@ class VppMacipAclInterface(VppObject):
     def add_vpp_config(self):
         for acl in self.acls:
             self._test.vapi.macip_acl_interface_add_del(
-                is_add=True, sw_if_index=self._sw_if_index,
-                acl_index=acl.acl_index)
+                is_add=True, sw_if_index=self._sw_if_index, acl_index=acl.acl_index
+            )
         self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
         for acl in self.acls:
             self._test.vapi.macip_acl_interface_add_del(
-                is_add=False, sw_if_index=self._sw_if_index,
-                acl_index=acl.acl_index)
+                is_add=False, sw_if_index=self._sw_if_index, acl_index=acl.acl_index
+            )
 
     def dump(self):
         return self._test.vapi.macip_acl_interface_list_dump(
-            sw_if_index=self._sw_if_index)
+            sw_if_index=self._sw_if_index
+        )
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
         dump = self.dump()
@@ -473,4 +510,4 @@ class VppMacipAclInterface(VppObject):
         return False
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return ("macip-acl-if-list-%d" % (self._sw_if_index))
+        return "macip-acl-if-list-%d" % (self._sw_if_index)
diff --git a/test/vpp_bier.py b/test/vpp_bier.py
index 6e087a8ee0b..9fdaf1faa1c 100644
--- a/test/vpp_bier.py
+++ b/test/vpp_bier.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ class BIER_HDR_PAYLOAD:
     BIER_HDR_PROTO_OAM = 8
 
 
-class VppBierTableID():
+class VppBierTableID:
     def __init__(self, sub_domain_id, set_id, hdr_len_id):
         self.set_id = set_id
         self.sub_domain_id = sub_domain_id
@@ -28,9 +28,11 @@ class VppBierTableID():
 def find_bier_table(test, bti):
     tables = test.vapi.bier_table_dump()
     for t in tables:
-        if bti.set_id == t.bt_tbl_id.bt_set \
-           and bti.sub_domain_id == t.bt_tbl_id.bt_sub_domain \
-           and bti.hdr_len_id == t.bt_tbl_id.bt_hdr_len_id:
+        if (
+            bti.set_id == t.bt_tbl_id.bt_set
+            and bti.sub_domain_id == t.bt_tbl_id.bt_sub_domain
+            and bti.hdr_len_id == t.bt_tbl_id.bt_hdr_len_id
+        ):
             return True
     return False
 
@@ -38,10 +40,12 @@ def find_bier_table(test, bti):
 def find_bier_route(test, bti, bp):
     routes = test.vapi.bier_route_dump(bti)
     for r in routes:
-        if bti.set_id == r.br_route.br_tbl_id.bt_set \
-           and bti.sub_domain_id == r.br_route.br_tbl_id.bt_sub_domain \
-           and bti.hdr_len_id == r.br_route.br_tbl_id.bt_hdr_len_id \
-           and bp == r.br_route.br_bp:
+        if (
+            bti.set_id == r.br_route.br_tbl_id.bt_set
+            and bti.sub_domain_id == r.br_route.br_tbl_id.bt_sub_domain
+            and bti.hdr_len_id == r.br_route.br_tbl_id.bt_hdr_len_id
+            and bp == r.br_route.br_bp
+        ):
             return True
     return False
 
@@ -57,8 +61,7 @@ def find_bier_disp_table(test, bdti):
 def find_bier_disp_entry(test, bdti, bp):
     entries = test.vapi.bier_disp_entry_dump(bdti)
     for e in entries:
-        if bp == e.bde_bp \
-           and bdti == e.bde_tbl_id:
+        if bp == e.bde_bp and bdti == e.bde_tbl_id:
             return True
     return False
 
@@ -66,10 +69,12 @@ def find_bier_disp_entry(test, bdti, bp):
 def find_bier_imp(test, bti, bp):
     imps = test.vapi.bier_imp_dump()
     for i in imps:
-        if bti.set_id == i.bi_tbl_id.bt_set \
-           and bti.sub_domain_id == i.bi_tbl_id.bt_sub_domain \
-           and bti.hdr_len_id == i.bi_tbl_id.bt_hdr_len_id \
-           and bp == i.bi_src:
+        if (
+            bti.set_id == i.bi_tbl_id.bt_set
+            and bti.sub_domain_id == i.bi_tbl_id.bt_sub_domain
+            and bti.hdr_len_id == i.bi_tbl_id.bt_hdr_len_id
+            and bp == i.bi_src
+        ):
             return True
     return False
 
@@ -85,22 +90,18 @@ class VppBierTable(VppObject):
         self.mpls_label = mpls_label
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
-        self._test.vapi.bier_table_add_del(
-            self.id,
-            self.mpls_label,
-            is_add=1)
+        self._test.vapi.bier_table_add_del(self.id, self.mpls_label, is_add=1)
         self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
-        self._test.vapi.bier_table_add_del(
-            self.id,
-            self.mpls_label,
-            is_add=0)
+        self._test.vapi.bier_table_add_del(self.id, self.mpls_label, is_add=0)
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return "bier-table;[%d:%d:%d]" % (self.id.set_id,
-                                          self.id.sub_domain_id,
-                                          self.id.hdr_len_id)
+        return "bier-table;[%d:%d:%d]" % (
+            self.id.set_id,
+            self.id.sub_domain_id,
+            self.id.hdr_len_id,
+        )
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
         return find_bier_table(self._test, self.id)
@@ -122,18 +123,14 @@ class VppBierRoute(VppObject):
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
         self._test.vapi.bier_route_add_del(
-            self.tbl_id,
-            self.bp,
-            self.encoded_paths,
-            is_add=1)
+            self.tbl_id, self.bp, self.encoded_paths, is_add=1
+        )
         self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
         self._test.vapi.bier_route_add_del(
-            self.tbl_id,
-            self.bp,
-            self.encoded_paths,
-            is_add=0)
+            self.tbl_id, self.bp, self.encoded_paths, is_add=0
+        )
 
     def update_paths(self, paths):
         self.paths = paths
@@ -141,46 +138,37 @@ class VppBierRoute(VppObject):
         for path in self.paths:
             self.encoded_paths.append(path.encode())
         self._test.vapi.bier_route_add_del(
-            self.tbl_id,
-            self.bp,
-            self.encoded_paths,
-            is_replace=1)
+            self.tbl_id, self.bp, self.encoded_paths, is_replace=1
+        )
 
     def add_path(self, path):
         self.encoded_paths.append(path.encode())
         self._test.vapi.bier_route_add_del(
-            self.tbl_id,
-            self.bp,
-            [path.encode()],
-            is_add=1,
-            is_replace=0)
+            self.tbl_id, self.bp, [path.encode()], is_add=1, is_replace=0
+        )
         self.paths.append(path)
         self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
 
     def remove_path(self, path):
         self.encoded_paths.remove(path.encode())
         self._test.vapi.bier_route_add_del(
-            self.tbl_id,
-            self.bp,
-            [path.encode()],
-            is_add=0,
-            is_replace=0)
+            self.tbl_id, self.bp, [path.encode()], is_add=0, is_replace=0
+        )
         self.paths.remove(path)
 
     def remove_all_paths(self):
         self._test.vapi.bier_route_add_del(
-            self.tbl_id,
-            self.bp,
-            [],
-            is_add=0,
-            is_replace=1)
+            self.tbl_id, self.bp, [], is_add=0, is_replace=1
+        )
         self.paths = []
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return "bier-route;[%d:%d:%d:%d]" % (self.tbl_id.set_id,
-                                             self.tbl_id.sub_domain_id,
-                                             self.tbl_id.hdr_len_id,
-                                             self.bp)
+        return "bier-route;[%d:%d:%d:%d]" % (
+            self.tbl_id.set_id,
+            self.tbl_id.sub_domain_id,
+            self.tbl_id.hdr_len_id,
+            self.bp,
+        )
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
         return find_bier_route(self._test, self.tbl_id, self.bp)
@@ -198,22 +186,20 @@ class VppBierImp(VppObject):
         self.src = src
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
-        res = self._test.vapi.bier_imp_add(
-            self.tbl_id,
-            self.src,
-            self.ibytes)
+        res = self._test.vapi.bier_imp_add(self.tbl_id, self.src, self.ibytes)
         self.bi_index = res.bi_index
         self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
-        self._test.vapi.bier_imp_del(
-            self.bi_index)
+        self._test.vapi.bier_imp_del(self.bi_index)
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return "bier-imp;[%d:%d:%d:%d]" % (self.tbl_id.set_id,
-                                           self.tbl_id.sub_domain_id,
-                                           self.tbl_id.hdr_len_id,
-                                           self.src)
+        return "bier-imp;[%d:%d:%d:%d]" % (
+            self.tbl_id.set_id,
+            self.tbl_id.sub_domain_id,
+            self.tbl_id.hdr_len_id,
+            self.src,
+        )
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
         return find_bier_imp(self._test, self.tbl_id, self.src)
@@ -229,15 +215,11 @@ class VppBierDispTable(VppObject):
         self.id = id
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
-        self._test.vapi.bier_disp_table_add_del(
-            self.id,
-            is_add=1)
+        self._test.vapi.bier_disp_table_add_del(self.id, is_add=1)
         self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
-        self._test.vapi.bier_disp_table_add_del(
-            self.id,
-            is_add=0)
+        self._test.vapi.bier_disp_table_add_del(self.id, is_add=0)
 
     def object_id(self):
         return "bier-disp-table;[%d]" % (self.id)
@@ -251,8 +233,9 @@ class VppBierDispEntry(VppObject):
     BIER Disposition Entry
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, test, tbl_id, bp, payload_proto, nh_proto,
-                 nh, nh_tbl, rpf_id=~0):
+    def __init__(
+        self, test, tbl_id, bp, payload_proto, nh_proto, nh, nh_tbl, rpf_id=~0
+    ):
         self._test = test
         self.tbl_id = tbl_id
         self.nh_tbl = nh_tbl
@@ -271,7 +254,8 @@ class VppBierDispEntry(VppObject):
             self.nh,
             self.nh_tbl,
             self.rpf_id,
-            is_add=1)
+            is_add=1,
+        )
         self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
@@ -283,11 +267,11 @@ class VppBierDispEntry(VppObject):
             self.nh,
             self.nh_tbl,
             self.rpf_id,
-            is_add=0)
+            is_add=0,
+        )
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return "bier-disp-entry;[%d:%d]" % (self.tbl_id,
-                                            self.bp)
+        return "bier-disp-entry;[%d:%d]" % (self.tbl_id, self.bp)
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
         return find_bier_disp_entry(self._test, self.tbl_id, self.bp)
diff --git a/test/vpp_bond_interface.py b/test/vpp_bond_interface.py
index 60c1ac1557b..636315cfce2 100644
--- a/test/vpp_bond_interface.py
+++ b/test/vpp_bond_interface.py
@@ -5,10 +5,19 @@ from vpp_interface import VppInterface
 class VppBondInterface(VppInterface):
     """VPP bond interface."""
 
-    def __init__(self, test, mode, lb=0, numa_only=0, enable_gso=0,
-                 use_custom_mac=0, mac_address='', id=0xFFFFFFFF):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        test,
+        mode,
+        lb=0,
+        numa_only=0,
+        enable_gso=0,
+        use_custom_mac=0,
+        mac_address="",
+        id=0xFFFFFFFF,
+    ):
 
-        """ Create VPP Bond interface """
+        """Create VPP Bond interface"""
         super(VppBondInterface, self).__init__(test)
         self.mode = mode
         self.lb = lb
@@ -19,29 +28,28 @@ class VppBondInterface(VppInterface):
         self.id = id
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
-        r = self.test.vapi.bond_create2(self.mode,
-                                        self.lb,
-                                        self.numa_only,
-                                        self.enable_gso,
-                                        self.use_custom_mac,
-                                        self.mac_address,
-                                        self.id)
+        r = self.test.vapi.bond_create2(
+            self.mode,
+            self.lb,
+            self.numa_only,
+            self.enable_gso,
+            self.use_custom_mac,
+            self.mac_address,
+            self.id,
+        )
         self.set_sw_if_index(r.sw_if_index)
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
         self.test.vapi.bond_delete(self.sw_if_index)
 
-    def add_member_vpp_bond_interface(self,
-                                      sw_if_index,
-                                      is_passive=0,
-                                      is_long_timeout=0):
-        self.test.vapi.bond_add_member(sw_if_index,
-                                       self.sw_if_index,
-                                       is_passive,
-                                       is_long_timeout)
+    def add_member_vpp_bond_interface(
+        self, sw_if_index, is_passive=0, is_long_timeout=0
+    ):
+        self.test.vapi.bond_add_member(
+            sw_if_index, self.sw_if_index, is_passive, is_long_timeout
+        )
 
-    def detach_vpp_bond_interface(self,
-                                  sw_if_index):
+    def detach_vpp_bond_interface(self, sw_if_index):
         self.test.vapi.bond_detach_member(sw_if_index)
 
     def is_interface_config_in_dump(self, dump):
diff --git a/test/vpp_bvi_interface.py b/test/vpp_bvi_interface.py
index 7039f29ca8d..9ab80e91c14 100644
--- a/test/vpp_bvi_interface.py
+++ b/test/vpp_bvi_interface.py
@@ -6,13 +6,12 @@ class VppBviInterface(VppInterface, VppObject):
     """VPP bvi interface."""
 
     def __init__(self, test):
-        """ Create VPP BVI interface """
+        """Create VPP BVI interface"""
         super(VppBviInterface, self).__init__(test)
         self.add_vpp_config()
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
-        r = self.test.vapi.bvi_create(user_instance=0xffffffff,
-                                      mac="00:00:00:00:00:00")
+        r = self.test.vapi.bvi_create(user_instance=0xFFFFFFFF, mac="00:00:00:00:00:00")
         self.set_sw_if_index(r.sw_if_index)
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
diff --git a/test/vpp_devices.py b/test/vpp_devices.py
index 9e272cafe32..cff08e84435 100644
--- a/test/vpp_devices.py
+++ b/test/vpp_devices.py
@@ -2,27 +2,26 @@ from vpp_interface import VppInterface
 
 
 class VppTAPInterface(VppInterface):
-
     @property
     def tap_id(self):
         """TAP id"""
         return self._tap_id
 
-    def __init__(self, test, tap_id=0xffffffff, mac_addr=None):
+    def __init__(self, test, tap_id=0xFFFFFFFF, mac_addr=None):
         self._test = test
         self._tap_id = tap_id
         self._mac_addr = mac_addr
 
     def get_vpp_dump(self):
-        dump = self._test.vapi.sw_interface_tap_v2_dump(
-            sw_if_index=self.sw_if_index)
+        dump = self._test.vapi.sw_interface_tap_v2_dump(sw_if_index=self.sw_if_index)
         return dump
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
         reply = self._test.vapi.tap_create_v2(
             id=self._tap_id,
             use_random_mac=bool(self._mac_addr),
-            mac_address=self._mac_addr)
+            mac_address=self._mac_addr,
+        )
         self.set_sw_if_index(reply.sw_if_index)
         self._test.registry.register(self, self.test.logger)
 
diff --git a/test/vpp_dhcp.py b/test/vpp_dhcp.py
index f8265a26252..eb07df2ecd7 100644
--- a/test/vpp_dhcp.py
+++ b/test/vpp_dhcp.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ from vpp_object import VppObject
 
 
 class VppDHCPProxy(VppObject):
-
     def __init__(
         self,
         test,
@@ -17,14 +16,9 @@ class VppDHCPProxy(VppObject):
         self._dhcp_server = dhcp_server
         self._dhcp_src_address = dhcp_src_address
 
-    def set_proxy(
-            self,
-            dhcp_server,
-            dhcp_src_address,
-            rx_vrf_id=0,
-            server_vrf_id=0):
+    def set_proxy(self, dhcp_server, dhcp_src_address, rx_vrf_id=0, server_vrf_id=0):
         if self.query_vpp_config():
-            raise Exception('Vpp config present')
+            raise Exception("Vpp config present")
         self._rx_vrf_id = rx_vrf_id
         self._server_vrf_id = server_vrf_id
         self._dhcp_server = dhcp_server
@@ -36,7 +30,8 @@ class VppDHCPProxy(VppObject):
             rx_vrf_id=self._rx_vrf_id,
             server_vrf_id=self._server_vrf_id,
             dhcp_server=self._dhcp_server,
-            dhcp_src_address=self._dhcp_src_address)
+            dhcp_src_address=self._dhcp_src_address,
+        )
         self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
@@ -45,7 +40,8 @@ class VppDHCPProxy(VppObject):
             server_vrf_id=self._server_vrf_id,
             dhcp_server=self._dhcp_server,
             dhcp_src_address=self._dhcp_src_address,
-            is_add=0)
+            is_add=0,
+        )
 
     def get_vpp_dump(self):
         dump = self._test.vapi.dhcp_proxy_dump()
@@ -62,17 +58,17 @@ class VppDHCPProxy(VppObject):
 
 
 class VppDHCPClient(VppObject):
-
     def __init__(
-            self,
-            test,
-            sw_if_index,
-            hostname,
-            id=None,
-            want_dhcp_event=False,
-            set_broadcast_flag=True,
-            dscp=None,
-            pid=None):
+        self,
+        test,
+        sw_if_index,
+        hostname,
+        id=None,
+        want_dhcp_event=False,
+        set_broadcast_flag=True,
+        dscp=None,
+        pid=None,
+    ):
         self._test = test
         self._sw_if_index = sw_if_index
         self._hostname = hostname
@@ -83,16 +79,17 @@ class VppDHCPClient(VppObject):
         self._pid = pid
 
     def set_client(
-            self,
-            sw_if_index,
-            hostname,
-            id=None,
-            want_dhcp_event=False,
-            set_broadcast_flag=True,
-            dscp=None,
-            pid=None):
+        self,
+        sw_if_index,
+        hostname,
+        id=None,
+        want_dhcp_event=False,
+        set_broadcast_flag=True,
+        dscp=None,
+        pid=None,
+    ):
         if self.query_vpp_config():
-            raise Exception('Vpp config present')
+            raise Exception("Vpp config present")
         self._sw_if_index = sw_if_index
         self._hostname = hostname
         self._id = id
@@ -102,19 +99,21 @@ class VppDHCPClient(VppObject):
         self._pid = pid
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
-        id = self._id.encode('ascii') if self._id else None
-        client = {'sw_if_index': self._sw_if_index, 'hostname': self._hostname,
-                  'id': id,
-                  'want_dhcp_event': self._want_dhcp_event,
-                  'set_broadcast_flag': self._set_broadcast_flag,
-                  'dscp': self._dscp, 'pid': self._pid}
+        id = self._id.encode("ascii") if self._id else None
+        client = {
+            "sw_if_index": self._sw_if_index,
+            "hostname": self._hostname,
+            "id": id,
+            "want_dhcp_event": self._want_dhcp_event,
+            "set_broadcast_flag": self._set_broadcast_flag,
+            "dscp": self._dscp,
+            "pid": self._pid,
+        }
         self._test.vapi.dhcp_client_config(is_add=1, client=client)
         self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
-        client = client = {
-            'sw_if_index': self._sw_if_index,
-            'hostname': self._hostname}
+        client = client = {"sw_if_index": self._sw_if_index, "hostname": self._hostname}
         self._test.vapi.dhcp_client_config(client=client, is_add=0)
 
     def get_vpp_dump(self):
diff --git a/test/vpp_gre_interface.py b/test/vpp_gre_interface.py
index 770292e80b8..9b02488349b 100644
--- a/test/vpp_gre_interface.py
+++ b/test/vpp_gre_interface.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 from vpp_interface import VppInterface
 import socket
 from vpp_papi import VppEnum
@@ -9,10 +8,18 @@ class VppGreInterface(VppInterface):
     VPP GRE interface
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, test, src_ip, dst_ip, outer_table_id=0,
-                 type=None, mode=None, flags=0,
-                 session=0):
-        """ Create VPP GRE interface """
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        test,
+        src_ip,
+        dst_ip,
+        outer_table_id=0,
+        type=None,
+        mode=None,
+        flags=0,
+        session=0,
+    ):
+        """Create VPP GRE interface"""
         super(VppGreInterface, self).__init__(test)
         self.t_src = src_ip
         self.t_dst = dst_ip
@@ -21,25 +28,25 @@ class VppGreInterface(VppInterface):
         self.t_flags = flags
         self.t_type = type
         if not self.t_type:
-            self.t_type = (VppEnum.vl_api_gre_tunnel_type_t.
-                           GRE_API_TUNNEL_TYPE_L3)
+            self.t_type = VppEnum.vl_api_gre_tunnel_type_t.GRE_API_TUNNEL_TYPE_L3
         self.t_mode = mode
         if not self.t_mode:
-            self.t_mode = (VppEnum.vl_api_tunnel_mode_t.
-                           TUNNEL_API_MODE_P2P)
+            self.t_mode = VppEnum.vl_api_tunnel_mode_t.TUNNEL_API_MODE_P2P
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
         r = self.test.vapi.gre_tunnel_add_del(
             is_add=1,
             tunnel={
-                'src': self.t_src,
-                'dst': self.t_dst,
-                'outer_table_id': self.t_outer_table,
-                'instance': 0xffffffff,
-                'type': self.t_type,
-                'mode': self.t_mode,
-                'flags': self.t_flags,
-                'session_id': self.t_session})
+                "src": self.t_src,
+                "dst": self.t_dst,
+                "outer_table_id": self.t_outer_table,
+                "instance": 0xFFFFFFFF,
+                "type": self.t_type,
+                "mode": self.t_mode,
+                "flags": self.t_flags,
+                "session_id": self.t_session,
+            },
+        )
         self.set_sw_if_index(r.sw_if_index)
         self.generate_remote_hosts()
         self.test.registry.register(self, self.test.logger)
@@ -50,21 +57,22 @@ class VppGreInterface(VppInterface):
         self.test.vapi.gre_tunnel_add_del(
             is_add=0,
             tunnel={
-                'src': self.t_src,
-                'dst': self.t_dst,
-                'outer_table_id': self.t_outer_table,
-                'instance': 0xffffffff,
-                'type': self.t_type,
-                'mode': self.t_mode,
-                'flags': self.t_flags,
-                'session_id': self.t_session})
+                "src": self.t_src,
+                "dst": self.t_dst,
+                "outer_table_id": self.t_outer_table,
+                "instance": 0xFFFFFFFF,
+                "type": self.t_type,
+                "mode": self.t_mode,
+                "flags": self.t_flags,
+                "session_id": self.t_session,
+            },
+        )
 
     def object_id(self):
         return "gre-%d" % self.sw_if_index
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
-        return (self.test.vapi.gre_tunnel_dump(
-            sw_if_index=self._sw_if_index))
+        return self.test.vapi.gre_tunnel_dump(sw_if_index=self._sw_if_index)
 
     @property
     def remote_ip(self):
diff --git a/test/vpp_igmp.py b/test/vpp_igmp.py
index 8f78a9b909a..da2beb0605d 100644
--- a/test/vpp_igmp.py
+++ b/test/vpp_igmp.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 from vpp_object import VppObject
 import socket
 
@@ -15,22 +14,28 @@ class IGMP_FILTER:
 
 def find_igmp_state(states, itf, gaddr, saddr):
     for s in states:
-        if s.sw_if_index == itf.sw_if_index and \
-           str(s.gaddr) == gaddr and str(s.saddr) == saddr:
+        if (
+            s.sw_if_index == itf.sw_if_index
+            and str(s.gaddr) == gaddr
+            and str(s.saddr) == saddr
+        ):
             return True
     return False
 
 
 def wait_for_igmp_event(test, timeout, itf, gaddr, saddr, ff):
     ev = test.vapi.wait_for_event(timeout, "igmp_event")
-    if ev.sw_if_index == itf.sw_if_index and \
-       str(ev.gaddr) == gaddr and str(ev.saddr) == saddr and \
-       ev.filter == ff:
+    if (
+        ev.sw_if_index == itf.sw_if_index
+        and str(ev.gaddr) == gaddr
+        and str(ev.saddr) == saddr
+        and ev.filter == ff
+    ):
         return True
     return False
 
 
-class IgmpSG():
+class IgmpSG:
     def __init__(self, gaddr, saddrs):
         self.gaddr = gaddr
         self.gaddr_p = socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET, gaddr)
@@ -43,7 +48,7 @@ class IgmpSG():
             self.saddrs_encoded.append(ss)
 
 
-class IgmpRecord():
+class IgmpRecord:
     def __init__(self, sg, type):
         self.sg = sg
         self.type = type
@@ -58,15 +63,11 @@ class VppHostState(VppObject):
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
         self._test.vapi.igmp_listen(
-            self.filter, self.sw_if_index,
-            self.sg.saddrs_encoded, self.sg.gaddr_p)
+            self.filter, self.sw_if_index, self.sg.saddrs_encoded, self.sg.gaddr_p
+        )
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
-        self._test.vapi.igmp_listen(
-            self.filter,
-            self.sw_if_index,
-            [],
-            self.sg.gaddr_p)
+        self._test.vapi.igmp_listen(self.filter, self.sw_if_index, [], self.sg.gaddr_p)
 
     def object_id(self):
         return "%s:%d" % (self.sg, self.sw_if_index)
diff --git a/test/vpp_ikev2.py b/test/vpp_ikev2.py
index de2081268ee..b9a6d8c2f7d 100644
--- a/test/vpp_ikev2.py
+++ b/test/vpp_ikev2.py
@@ -4,24 +4,24 @@ from vpp_papi import VppEnum
 
 
 class AuthMethod:
-    v = {'rsa-sig': 1,
-         'shared-key': 2}
+    v = {"rsa-sig": 1, "shared-key": 2}
 
     @staticmethod
-    def value(key): return AuthMethod.v[key]
+    def value(key):
+        return AuthMethod.v[key]
 
 
 class IDType:
-    v = {'ip4-addr': 1,
-         'fqdn': 2,
-         'ip6-addr': 5}
+    v = {"ip4-addr": 1, "fqdn": 2, "ip6-addr": 5}
 
     @staticmethod
-    def value(key): return IDType.v[key]
+    def value(key):
+        return IDType.v[key]
 
 
 class Profile(VppObject):
-    """ IKEv2 profile """
+    """IKEv2 profile"""
+
     def __init__(self, test, profile_name):
         self.test = test
         self.vapi = test.vapi
@@ -38,49 +38,49 @@ class Profile(VppObject):
         elif isinstance(method, str):
             m = AuthMethod.value(method)
         else:
-            raise Exception('unsupported type {}'.format(method))
-        self.auth = {'auth_method': m,
-                     'data': data,
-                     'is_hex': is_hex}
+            raise Exception("unsupported type {}".format(method))
+        self.auth = {"auth_method": m, "data": data, "is_hex": is_hex}
 
     def add_local_id(self, id_type, data):
         if isinstance(id_type, str):
             t = IDType.value(id_type)
-        self.local_id = {'id_type': t,
-                         'data': data,
-                         'is_local': True}
+        self.local_id = {"id_type": t, "data": data, "is_local": True}
 
     def add_remote_id(self, id_type, data):
         if isinstance(id_type, str):
             t = IDType.value(id_type)
-        self.remote_id = {'id_type': t,
-                          'data': data,
-                          'is_local': False}
+        self.remote_id = {"id_type": t, "data": data, "is_local": False}
 
-    def add_local_ts(self, start_addr, end_addr, start_port=0, end_port=0xffff,
-                     proto=0, is_ip4=True):
+    def add_local_ts(
+        self, start_addr, end_addr, start_port=0, end_port=0xFFFF, proto=0, is_ip4=True
+    ):
         self.ts_is_ip4 = is_ip4
-        self.local_ts = {'is_local': True,
-                         'protocol_id': proto,
-                         'start_port': start_port,
-                         'end_port': end_port,
-                         'start_addr': start_addr,
-                         'end_addr': end_addr}
+        self.local_ts = {
+            "is_local": True,
+            "protocol_id": proto,
+            "start_port": start_port,
+            "end_port": end_port,
+            "start_addr": start_addr,
+            "end_addr": end_addr,
+        }
 
-    def add_remote_ts(self, start_addr, end_addr, start_port=0,
-                      end_port=0xffff, proto=0):
+    def add_remote_ts(
+        self, start_addr, end_addr, start_port=0, end_port=0xFFFF, proto=0
+    ):
         try:
             IPv4Address(start_addr)
             is_ip4 = True
         except AddressValueError:
             is_ip4 = False
         self.ts_is_ip4 = is_ip4
-        self.remote_ts = {'is_local': False,
-                          'protocol_id': proto,
-                          'start_port': start_port,
-                          'end_port': end_port,
-                          'start_addr': start_addr,
-                          'end_addr': end_addr}
+        self.remote_ts = {
+            "is_local": False,
+            "protocol_id": proto,
+            "start_port": start_port,
+            "end_port": end_port,
+            "start_addr": start_addr,
+            "end_addr": end_addr,
+        }
 
     def add_responder_hostname(self, hn):
         self.responder_hostname = hn
@@ -101,72 +101,78 @@ class Profile(VppObject):
         self.lifetime_data = data
 
     def set_ipsec_over_udp_port(self, port):
-        self.ipsec_udp_port = {'is_set': 1,
-                               'port': port}
+        self.ipsec_udp_port = {"is_set": 1, "port": port}
 
     def set_tunnel_interface(self, sw_if_index):
         self.tun_itf = sw_if_index
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return 'ikev2-profile-%s' % self.profile_name
+        return "ikev2-profile-%s" % self.profile_name
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
         self.vapi.ikev2_profile_add_del(name=self.profile_name, is_add=False)
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
         self.vapi.ikev2_profile_add_del(name=self.profile_name, is_add=True)
-        if hasattr(self, 'auth'):
-            self.vapi.ikev2_profile_set_auth(name=self.profile_name,
-                                             data_len=len(self.auth['data']),
-                                             **self.auth)
-        if hasattr(self, 'local_id'):
-            self.vapi.ikev2_profile_set_id(name=self.profile_name,
-                                           data_len=len(self.local_id
-                                                        ['data']),
-                                           **self.local_id)
-        if hasattr(self, 'remote_id'):
-            self.vapi.ikev2_profile_set_id(name=self.profile_name,
-                                           data_len=len(self.remote_id
-                                                        ['data']),
-                                           **self.remote_id)
-        if hasattr(self, 'local_ts'):
-            self.vapi.ikev2_profile_set_ts(name=self.profile_name,
-                                           ts=self.local_ts)
+        if hasattr(self, "auth"):
+            self.vapi.ikev2_profile_set_auth(
+                name=self.profile_name, data_len=len(self.auth["data"]), **self.auth
+            )
+        if hasattr(self, "local_id"):
+            self.vapi.ikev2_profile_set_id(
+                name=self.profile_name,
+                data_len=len(self.local_id["data"]),
+                **self.local_id,
+            )
+        if hasattr(self, "remote_id"):
+            self.vapi.ikev2_profile_set_id(
+                name=self.profile_name,
+                data_len=len(self.remote_id["data"]),
+                **self.remote_id,
+            )
+        if hasattr(self, "local_ts"):
+            self.vapi.ikev2_profile_set_ts(name=self.profile_name, ts=self.local_ts)
 
-        if hasattr(self, 'remote_ts'):
-            self.vapi.ikev2_profile_set_ts(name=self.profile_name,
-                                           ts=self.remote_ts)
+        if hasattr(self, "remote_ts"):
+            self.vapi.ikev2_profile_set_ts(name=self.profile_name, ts=self.remote_ts)
 
-        if hasattr(self, 'responder'):
-            self.vapi.ikev2_set_responder(name=self.profile_name,
-                                          responder=self.responder)
+        if hasattr(self, "responder"):
+            self.vapi.ikev2_set_responder(
+                name=self.profile_name, responder=self.responder
+            )
 
-        if hasattr(self, 'responder_hostname'):
+        if hasattr(self, "responder_hostname"):
             print(self.responder_hostname)
-            self.vapi.ikev2_set_responder_hostname(name=self.profile_name,
-                                                   **self.responder_hostname)
+            self.vapi.ikev2_set_responder_hostname(
+                name=self.profile_name, **self.responder_hostname
+            )
 
-        if hasattr(self, 'ike_transforms'):
-            self.vapi.ikev2_set_ike_transforms(name=self.profile_name,
-                                               tr=self.ike_transforms)
+        if hasattr(self, "ike_transforms"):
+            self.vapi.ikev2_set_ike_transforms(
+                name=self.profile_name, tr=self.ike_transforms
+            )
 
-        if hasattr(self, 'esp_transforms'):
-            self.vapi.ikev2_set_esp_transforms(name=self.profile_name,
-                                               tr=self.esp_transforms)
+        if hasattr(self, "esp_transforms"):
+            self.vapi.ikev2_set_esp_transforms(
+                name=self.profile_name, tr=self.esp_transforms
+            )
 
         if self.udp_encap:
             self.vapi.ikev2_profile_set_udp_encap(name=self.profile_name)
 
-        if hasattr(self, 'lifetime_data'):
-            self.vapi.ikev2_set_sa_lifetime(name=self.profile_name,
-                                            **self.lifetime_data)
+        if hasattr(self, "lifetime_data"):
+            self.vapi.ikev2_set_sa_lifetime(
+                name=self.profile_name, **self.lifetime_data
+            )
 
-        if hasattr(self, 'ipsec_udp_port'):
-            self.vapi.ikev2_profile_set_ipsec_udp_port(name=self.profile_name,
-                                                       **self.ipsec_udp_port)
-        if hasattr(self, 'tun_itf'):
-            self.vapi.ikev2_set_tunnel_interface(name=self.profile_name,
-                                                 sw_if_index=self.tun_itf)
+        if hasattr(self, "ipsec_udp_port"):
+            self.vapi.ikev2_profile_set_ipsec_udp_port(
+                name=self.profile_name, **self.ipsec_udp_port
+            )
+        if hasattr(self, "tun_itf"):
+            self.vapi.ikev2_set_tunnel_interface(
+                name=self.profile_name, sw_if_index=self.tun_itf
+            )
 
         if not self.natt:
             self.vapi.ikev2_profile_disable_natt(name=self.profile_name)
diff --git a/test/vpp_interface.py b/test/vpp_interface.py
index b7c830b06fd..cee6ea4f080 100644
--- a/test/vpp_interface.py
+++ b/test/vpp_interface.py
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ class VppInterface(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
 
     @property
     def local_ip4_prefix_len(self):
-        """Local IPv4 prefix length """
+        """Local IPv4 prefix length"""
         return self._local_ip4_len
 
     @local_ip4_prefix_len.setter
@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ class VppInterface(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
 
     @property
     def local_ip4_prefix(self):
-        """Local IPv4 prefix """
-        return ("%s/%d" % (self._local_ip4, self._local_ip4_len))
+        """Local IPv4 prefix"""
+        return "%s/%d" % (self._local_ip4, self._local_ip4_len)
 
     @property
     def remote_ip4(self):
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ class VppInterface(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
 
     @property
     def local_ip6_prefix_len(self):
-        """Local IPv6 prefix length """
+        """Local IPv6 prefix length"""
         return self._local_ip6_len
 
     @local_ip6_prefix_len.setter
@@ -86,8 +86,8 @@ class VppInterface(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
 
     @property
     def local_ip6_prefix(self):
-        """Local IPv4 prefix """
-        return ("%s/%d" % (self._local_ip6, self._local_ip6_len))
+        """Local IPv4 prefix"""
+        return "%s/%d" % (self._local_ip6, self._local_ip6_len)
 
     @property
     def remote_ip6(self):
@@ -100,7 +100,9 @@ class VppInterface(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
         if not self._local_ip6_ll:
             self._local_ip6_ll = str(
                 self.test.vapi.sw_interface_ip6_get_link_local_address(
-                    self.sw_if_index).ip)
+                    self.sw_if_index
+                ).ip
+            )
         return self._local_ip6_ll
 
     @property
@@ -173,8 +175,7 @@ class VppInterface(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
         self._hosts_by_mac = {}
         self._hosts_by_ip4 = {}
         self._hosts_by_ip6 = {}
-        for i in range(
-                2, count + 2):  # 0: network address, 1: local vpp address
+        for i in range(2, count + 2):  # 0: network address, 1: local vpp address
             mac = "02:%02x:00:00:ff:%02x" % (self.sw_if_index, i)
             ip4 = "172.16.%u.%u" % (self.sw_if_index, i)
             ip6 = "fd01:%x::%x" % (self.sw_if_index, i)
@@ -196,14 +197,12 @@ class VppInterface(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
 
     def set_mac(self, mac):
         self._local_mac = str(mac)
-        self.test.vapi.sw_interface_set_mac_address(
-            self.sw_if_index, mac.packed)
+        self.test.vapi.sw_interface_set_mac_address(self.sw_if_index, mac.packed)
         return self
 
     def set_sw_if_index(self, sw_if_index):
         if sw_if_index > 255:
-            raise RuntimeError("Don't support sw_if_index values "
-                               "greater than 255.")
+            raise RuntimeError("Don't support sw_if_index values greater than 255.")
         self._sw_if_index = sw_if_index
 
         self.generate_remote_hosts()
@@ -220,10 +219,14 @@ class VppInterface(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
         self.has_ip6_config = False
         self.ip6_table_id = 0
 
-        self._local_addr = {socket.AF_INET: self.local_ip4,
-                            socket.AF_INET6: self.local_ip6}
-        self._remote_addr = {socket.AF_INET: self.remote_ip4,
-                             socket.AF_INET6: self.remote_ip6}
+        self._local_addr = {
+            socket.AF_INET: self.local_ip4,
+            socket.AF_INET6: self.local_ip6,
+        }
+        self._remote_addr = {
+            socket.AF_INET: self.remote_ip4,
+            socket.AF_INET6: self.remote_ip6,
+        }
 
         r = self.test.vapi.sw_interface_dump(sw_if_index=self.sw_if_index)
         for intf in r:
@@ -235,15 +238,16 @@ class VppInterface(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
         else:
             raise Exception(
                 "Could not find interface with sw_if_index %d "
-                "in interface dump %s" %
-                (self.sw_if_index, moves.reprlib.repr(r)))
+                "in interface dump %s" % (self.sw_if_index, moves.reprlib.repr(r))
+            )
         self._remote_ip6_ll = mk_ll_addr(self.remote_mac)
         self._local_ip6_ll = None
 
     def config_ip4(self):
         """Configure IPv4 address on the VPP interface."""
         self.test.vapi.sw_interface_add_del_address(
-            sw_if_index=self.sw_if_index, prefix=self.local_ip4_prefix)
+            sw_if_index=self.sw_if_index, prefix=self.local_ip4_prefix
+        )
         self.has_ip4_config = True
         return self
 
@@ -252,8 +256,8 @@ class VppInterface(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
         try:
             if self.has_ip4_config:
                 self.test.vapi.sw_interface_add_del_address(
-                    sw_if_index=self.sw_if_index,
-                    prefix=self.local_ip4_prefix, is_add=0)
+                    sw_if_index=self.sw_if_index, prefix=self.local_ip4_prefix, is_add=0
+                )
         except AttributeError:
             self.has_ip4_config = False
         self.has_ip4_config = False
@@ -265,15 +269,14 @@ class VppInterface(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
         :param vrf_id: The FIB table / VRF ID. (Default value = 0)
         """
         for host in self._remote_hosts:
-            self.test.vapi.ip_neighbor_add_del(self.sw_if_index,
-                                               host.mac,
-                                               host.ip4)
+            self.test.vapi.ip_neighbor_add_del(self.sw_if_index, host.mac, host.ip4)
         return self
 
     def config_ip6(self):
         """Configure IPv6 address on the VPP interface."""
         self.test.vapi.sw_interface_add_del_address(
-            sw_if_index=self.sw_if_index, prefix=self.local_ip6_prefix)
+            sw_if_index=self.sw_if_index, prefix=self.local_ip6_prefix
+        )
         self.has_ip6_config = True
         return self
 
@@ -282,8 +285,8 @@ class VppInterface(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
         try:
             if self.has_ip6_config:
                 self.test.vapi.sw_interface_add_del_address(
-                    sw_if_index=self.sw_if_index,
-                    prefix=self.local_ip6_prefix, is_add=0)
+                    sw_if_index=self.sw_if_index, prefix=self.local_ip6_prefix, is_add=0
+                )
         except AttributeError:
             self.has_ip6_config = False
         self.has_ip6_config = False
@@ -295,9 +298,7 @@ class VppInterface(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
         :param vrf_id: The FIB table / VRF ID. (Default value = 0)
         """
         for host in self._remote_hosts:
-            self.test.vapi.ip_neighbor_add_del(self.sw_if_index,
-                                               host.mac,
-                                               host.ip6)
+            self.test.vapi.ip_neighbor_add_del(self.sw_if_index, host.mac, host.ip6)
 
     def unconfig(self):
         """Unconfigure IPv6 and IPv4 address on the VPP interface."""
@@ -311,8 +312,7 @@ class VppInterface(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
         .. note:: Must be called before configuring IP4 addresses.
         """
         self.ip4_table_id = table_id
-        self.test.vapi.sw_interface_set_table(
-            self.sw_if_index, 0, self.ip4_table_id)
+        self.test.vapi.sw_interface_set_table(self.sw_if_index, 0, self.ip4_table_id)
         return self
 
     def set_table_ip6(self, table_id):
@@ -321,15 +321,14 @@ class VppInterface(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
         .. note:: Must be called before configuring IP6 addresses.
         """
         self.ip6_table_id = table_id
-        self.test.vapi.sw_interface_set_table(
-            self.sw_if_index, 1, self.ip6_table_id)
+        self.test.vapi.sw_interface_set_table(self.sw_if_index, 1, self.ip6_table_id)
         return self
 
     def disable_ipv6_ra(self):
         """Configure IPv6 RA suppress on the VPP interface."""
         self.test.vapi.sw_interface_ip6nd_ra_config(
-            sw_if_index=self.sw_if_index,
-            suppress=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.sw_if_index, suppress=1
+        )
         return self
 
     def ip6_ra_config(self, no=0, suppress=0, send_unicast=0):
@@ -338,11 +337,13 @@ class VppInterface(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
             sw_if_index=self.sw_if_index,
             is_no=no,
             suppress=suppress,
-            send_unicast=send_unicast)
+            send_unicast=send_unicast,
+        )
         return self
 
-    def ip6_ra_prefix(self, prefix, is_no=0,
-                      off_link=0, no_autoconfig=0, use_default=0):
+    def ip6_ra_prefix(
+        self, prefix, is_no=0, off_link=0, no_autoconfig=0, use_default=0
+    ):
         """Configure IPv6 RA suppress on the VPP interface.
 
         prefix can be a string in the format of '
/'
@@ -352,21 +353,23 @@ class VppInterface(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
             sw_if_index=self.sw_if_index,
             prefix=prefix,
             use_default=use_default,
-            off_link=off_link, no_autoconfig=no_autoconfig,
-            is_no=is_no)
+            off_link=off_link,
+            no_autoconfig=no_autoconfig,
+            is_no=is_no,
+        )
         return self
 
     def admin_up(self):
         """Put interface ADMIN-UP."""
         self.test.vapi.sw_interface_set_flags(
             self.sw_if_index,
-            flags=VppEnum.vl_api_if_status_flags_t.IF_STATUS_API_FLAG_ADMIN_UP)
+            flags=VppEnum.vl_api_if_status_flags_t.IF_STATUS_API_FLAG_ADMIN_UP,
+        )
         return self
 
     def admin_down(self):
         """Put interface ADMIN-down."""
-        self.test.vapi.sw_interface_set_flags(self.sw_if_index,
-                                              flags=0)
+        self.test.vapi.sw_interface_set_flags(self.sw_if_index, flags=0)
         return self
 
     def link_up(self):
@@ -379,14 +382,12 @@ class VppInterface(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
 
     def ip6_enable(self):
         """IPv6 Enable interface"""
-        self.test.vapi.sw_interface_ip6_enable_disable(self.sw_if_index,
-                                                       enable=1)
+        self.test.vapi.sw_interface_ip6_enable_disable(self.sw_if_index, enable=1)
         return self
 
     def ip6_disable(self):
         """Put interface ADMIN-DOWN."""
-        self.test.vapi.sw_interface_ip6_enable_disable(self.sw_if_index,
-                                                       enable=0)
+        self.test.vapi.sw_interface_ip6_enable_disable(self.sw_if_index, enable=0)
         return self
 
     def add_sub_if(self, sub_if):
@@ -394,7 +395,7 @@ class VppInterface(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
 
         :param sub_if: sub-interface
         """
-        if not hasattr(self, 'sub_if'):
+        if not hasattr(self, "sub_if"):
             self.sub_if = sub_if
         else:
             if isinstance(self.sub_if, list):
@@ -415,30 +416,30 @@ class VppInterface(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
 
     def is_ip4_entry_in_fib_dump(self, dump):
         for i in dump:
-            n = IPv4Network(text_type("%s/%d" % (self.local_ip4,
-                                                 self.local_ip4_prefix_len)))
-            if i.route.prefix == n and \
-               i.route.table_id == self.ip4_table_id:
+            n = IPv4Network(
+                text_type("%s/%d" % (self.local_ip4, self.local_ip4_prefix_len))
+            )
+            if i.route.prefix == n and i.route.table_id == self.ip4_table_id:
                 return True
         return False
 
     def set_unnumbered(self, ip_sw_if_index):
-        """ Set the interface to unnumbered via ip_sw_if_index """
-        self.test.vapi.sw_interface_set_unnumbered(ip_sw_if_index,
-                                                   self.sw_if_index)
+        """Set the interface to unnumbered via ip_sw_if_index"""
+        self.test.vapi.sw_interface_set_unnumbered(ip_sw_if_index, self.sw_if_index)
         return self
 
     def unset_unnumbered(self, ip_sw_if_index):
-        """ Unset the interface to unnumbered via ip_sw_if_index """
-        self.test.vapi.sw_interface_set_unnumbered(ip_sw_if_index,
-                                                   self.sw_if_index, is_add=0)
+        """Unset the interface to unnumbered via ip_sw_if_index"""
+        self.test.vapi.sw_interface_set_unnumbered(
+            ip_sw_if_index, self.sw_if_index, is_add=0
+        )
         return self
 
     def set_proxy_arp(self, enable=1):
-        """ Set the interface to enable/disable Proxy ARP """
+        """Set the interface to enable/disable Proxy ARP"""
         self.test.vapi.proxy_arp_intfc_enable_disable(
-            sw_if_index=self.sw_if_index,
-            enable=enable)
+            sw_if_index=self.sw_if_index, enable=enable
+        )
         return self
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
@@ -447,8 +448,10 @@ class VppInterface(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
 
     def get_interface_config_from_dump(self, dump):
         for i in dump:
-            if i.interface_name.rstrip(' \t\r\n\0') == self.name and \
-                    i.sw_if_index == self.sw_if_index:
+            if (
+                i.interface_name.rstrip(" \t\r\n\0") == self.name
+                and i.sw_if_index == self.sw_if_index
+            ):
                 return i
         else:
             return None
@@ -456,34 +459,25 @@ class VppInterface(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
     def is_interface_config_in_dump(self, dump):
         return self.get_interface_config_from_dump(dump) is not None
 
-    def assert_interface_state(self, admin_up_down, link_up_down,
-                               expect_event=False):
+    def assert_interface_state(self, admin_up_down, link_up_down, expect_event=False):
         if expect_event:
-            event = self.test.vapi.wait_for_event(timeout=1,
-                                                  name='sw_interface_event')
-            self.test.assert_equal(event.sw_if_index, self.sw_if_index,
-                                   "sw_if_index")
-            self.test.assert_equal((event.flags & 1), admin_up_down,
-                                   "admin state")
-            self.test.assert_equal((event.flags & 2), link_up_down,
-                                   "link state")
+            event = self.test.vapi.wait_for_event(timeout=1, name="sw_interface_event")
+            self.test.assert_equal(event.sw_if_index, self.sw_if_index, "sw_if_index")
+            self.test.assert_equal((event.flags & 1), admin_up_down, "admin state")
+            self.test.assert_equal((event.flags & 2), link_up_down, "link state")
         dump = self.test.vapi.sw_interface_dump()
         if_state = self.get_interface_config_from_dump(dump)
-        self.test.assert_equal((if_state.flags & 1), admin_up_down,
-                               "admin state")
-        self.test.assert_equal((if_state.flags & 2), link_up_down,
-                               "link state")
+        self.test.assert_equal((if_state.flags & 1), admin_up_down, "admin state")
+        self.test.assert_equal((if_state.flags & 2), link_up_down, "link state")
 
     def __str__(self):
         return self.name
 
     def get_rx_stats(self):
-        return (self.test.statistics["/if/rx"]
-                [:, self.sw_if_index].sum_packets())
+        return self.test.statistics["/if/rx"][:, self.sw_if_index].sum_packets()
 
     def get_tx_stats(self):
-        return (self.test.statistics["/if/tx"]
-                [:, self.sw_if_index].sum_packets())
+        return self.test.statistics["/if/tx"][:, self.sw_if_index].sum_packets()
 
     def set_l3_mtu(self, mtu):
         self.test.vapi.sw_interface_set_mtu(self.sw_if_index, [mtu, 0, 0, 0])
diff --git a/test/vpp_ip.py b/test/vpp_ip.py
index 48b6b9d2da6..24e7c19652a 100644
--- a/test/vpp_ip.py
+++ b/test/vpp_ip.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from ipaddress import ip_address
 from socket import AF_INET, AF_INET6
 from vpp_papi import VppEnum
 from vpp_object import VppObject
+
 try:
     text_type = unicode
 except NameError:
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ class DpoProto:
     DPO_PROTO_NSH = 5
 
 
-INVALID_INDEX = 0xffffffff
+INVALID_INDEX = 0xFFFFFFFF
 
 
 def get_dpo_proto(addr):
@@ -35,16 +36,16 @@ def get_dpo_proto(addr):
         return DpoProto.DPO_PROTO_IP4
 
 
-class VppIpAddressUnion():
+class VppIpAddressUnion:
     def __init__(self, addr):
         self.addr = addr
         self.ip_addr = ip_address(text_type(self.addr))
 
     def encode(self):
         if self.version == 6:
-            return {'ip6': self.ip_addr}
+            return {"ip6": self.ip_addr}
         else:
-            return {'ip4': self.ip_addr}
+            return {"ip4": self.ip_addr}
 
     @property
     def version(self):
@@ -72,9 +73,11 @@ class VppIpAddressUnion():
             else:
                 return self.ip_addr == other.ip6
         else:
-            raise Exception("Comparing VppIpAddressUnions:%s"
-                            " with incomparable type: %s",
-                            self, other)
+            raise Exception(
+                "Comparing VppIpAddressUnions:%s with incomparable type: %s",
+                self,
+                other,
+            )
 
     def __ne__(self, other):
         return not (self == other)
@@ -83,26 +86,22 @@ class VppIpAddressUnion():
         return str(self.ip_addr)
 
 
-class VppIpMPrefix():
+class VppIpMPrefix:
     def __init__(self, saddr, gaddr, glen):
         self.saddr = saddr
         self.gaddr = gaddr
         self.glen = glen
-        if ip_address(self.saddr).version != \
-           ip_address(self.gaddr).version:
-            raise ValueError('Source and group addresses must be of the '
-                             'same address family.')
+        if ip_address(self.saddr).version != ip_address(self.gaddr).version:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Source and group addresses must be of the same address family."
+            )
 
     def encode(self):
         return {
-            'af': ip_address(self.gaddr).vapi_af,
-            'grp_address': {
-                ip_address(self.gaddr).vapi_af_name: self.gaddr
-            },
-            'src_address': {
-                ip_address(self.saddr).vapi_af_name: self.saddr
-            },
-            'grp_address_length': self.glen,
+            "af": ip_address(self.gaddr).vapi_af,
+            "grp_address": {ip_address(self.gaddr).vapi_af_name: self.gaddr},
+            "src_address": {ip_address(self.saddr).vapi_af_name: self.saddr},
+            "grp_address_length": self.glen,
         }
 
     @property
@@ -118,21 +117,29 @@ class VppIpMPrefix():
 
     def __eq__(self, other):
         if isinstance(other, self.__class__):
-            return (self.glen == other.glen and
-                    self.saddr == other.gaddr and
-                    self.saddr == other.saddr)
-        elif (hasattr(other, "grp_address_length") and
-              hasattr(other, "grp_address") and
-              hasattr(other, "src_address")):
+            return (
+                self.glen == other.glen
+                and self.saddr == other.gaddr
+                and self.saddr == other.saddr
+            )
+        elif (
+            hasattr(other, "grp_address_length")
+            and hasattr(other, "grp_address")
+            and hasattr(other, "src_address")
+        ):
             # vl_api_mprefix_t
             if 4 == self.version:
-                return (self.glen == other.grp_address_length and
-                        self.gaddr == str(other.grp_address.ip4) and
-                        self.saddr == str(other.src_address.ip4))
+                return (
+                    self.glen == other.grp_address_length
+                    and self.gaddr == str(other.grp_address.ip4)
+                    and self.saddr == str(other.src_address.ip4)
+                )
             else:
-                return (self.glen == other.grp_address_length and
-                        self.gaddr == str(other.grp_address.ip6) and
-                        self.saddr == str(other.src_address.ip6))
+                return (
+                    self.glen == other.grp_address_length
+                    and self.gaddr == str(other.grp_address.ip6)
+                    and self.saddr == str(other.src_address.ip6)
+                )
         return NotImplemented
 
 
@@ -143,12 +150,14 @@ class VppIpPuntPolicer(VppObject):
         self._is_ip6 = is_ip6
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
-        self._test.vapi.ip_punt_police(policer_index=self._policer_index,
-                                       is_ip6=self._is_ip6, is_add=True)
+        self._test.vapi.ip_punt_police(
+            policer_index=self._policer_index, is_ip6=self._is_ip6, is_add=True
+        )
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
-        self._test.vapi.ip_punt_police(policer_index=self._policer_index,
-                                       is_ip6=self._is_ip6, is_add=False)
+        self._test.vapi.ip_punt_police(
+            policer_index=self._policer_index, is_ip6=self._is_ip6, is_add=False
+        )
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
         NotImplemented
@@ -162,8 +171,11 @@ class VppIpPuntRedirect(VppObject):
         self._nh_addr = ip_address(nh_addr)
 
     def encode(self):
-        return {"rx_sw_if_index": self._rx_index,
-                "tx_sw_if_index": self._tx_index, "nh": self._nh_addr}
+        return {
+            "rx_sw_if_index": self._rx_index,
+            "tx_sw_if_index": self._tx_index,
+            "nh": self._nh_addr,
+        }
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
         self._test.vapi.ip_punt_redirect(punt=self.encode(), is_add=True)
@@ -176,7 +188,8 @@ class VppIpPuntRedirect(VppObject):
     def get_vpp_config(self):
         is_ipv6 = True if self._nh_addr.version == 6 else False
         return self._test.vapi.ip_punt_redirect_dump(
-            sw_if_index=self._rx_index, is_ipv6=is_ipv6)
+            sw_if_index=self._rx_index, is_ipv6=is_ipv6
+        )
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
         if self.get_vpp_config():
@@ -192,39 +205,38 @@ class VppIpPathMtu(VppObject):
         self.table_id = table_id
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
-        self._test.vapi.ip_path_mtu_update(pmtu={'nh': self.nh,
-                                                 'table_id': self.table_id,
-                                                 'path_mtu': self.pmtu})
+        self._test.vapi.ip_path_mtu_update(
+            pmtu={"nh": self.nh, "table_id": self.table_id, "path_mtu": self.pmtu}
+        )
         self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
         return self
 
     def modify(self, pmtu):
         self.pmtu = pmtu
-        self._test.vapi.ip_path_mtu_update(pmtu={'nh': self.nh,
-                                                 'table_id': self.table_id,
-                                                 'path_mtu': self.pmtu})
+        self._test.vapi.ip_path_mtu_update(
+            pmtu={"nh": self.nh, "table_id": self.table_id, "path_mtu": self.pmtu}
+        )
         return self
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
-        self._test.vapi.ip_path_mtu_update(pmtu={'nh': self.nh,
-                                                 'table_id': self.table_id,
-                                                 'path_mtu': 0})
+        self._test.vapi.ip_path_mtu_update(
+            pmtu={"nh": self.nh, "table_id": self.table_id, "path_mtu": 0}
+        )
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
-        ds = list(self._test.vapi.vpp.details_iter(
-            self._test.vapi.ip_path_mtu_get))
+        ds = list(self._test.vapi.vpp.details_iter(self._test.vapi.ip_path_mtu_get))
 
         for d in ds:
-            if self.nh == str(d.pmtu.nh) \
-               and self.table_id == d.pmtu.table_id \
-               and self.pmtu == d.pmtu.path_mtu:
+            if (
+                self.nh == str(d.pmtu.nh)
+                and self.table_id == d.pmtu.table_id
+                and self.pmtu == d.pmtu.path_mtu
+            ):
                 return True
         return False
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return ("ip-path-mtu-%d-%s-%d" % (self.table_id,
-                                          self.nh,
-                                          self.pmtu))
+        return "ip-path-mtu-%d-%s-%d" % (self.table_id, self.nh, self.pmtu)
 
     def __str__(self):
         return self.object_id()
diff --git a/test/vpp_ip_route.py b/test/vpp_ip_route.py
index f5e5a8801e4..06a963cfd88 100644
--- a/test/vpp_ip_route.py
+++ b/test/vpp_ip_route.py
@@ -5,13 +5,12 @@
 """
 
 from vpp_object import VppObject
-from vpp_ip import DpoProto, INVALID_INDEX, VppIpAddressUnion, \
-    VppIpMPrefix
+from vpp_ip import DpoProto, INVALID_INDEX, VppIpAddressUnion, VppIpMPrefix
 from ipaddress import ip_network, ip_address, IPv4Network, IPv6Network
 from vpp_papi_exceptions import UnexpectedApiReturnValueError
 
 # from vnet/vnet/mpls/mpls_types.h
-MPLS_IETF_MAX_LABEL = 0xfffff
+MPLS_IETF_MAX_LABEL = 0xFFFFF
 MPLS_LABEL_INVALID = MPLS_IETF_MAX_LABEL + 1
 
 try:
@@ -85,8 +84,7 @@ def find_route(test, addr, len, table_id=0, sw_if_index=None):
         routes = test.vapi.ip_route_dump(table_id, True)
 
     for e in routes:
-        if table_id == e.route.table_id \
-           and str(e.route.prefix) == str(prefix):
+        if table_id == e.route.table_id and str(e.route.prefix) == str(prefix):
             if not sw_if_index:
                 return True
             else:
@@ -95,15 +93,14 @@ def find_route(test, addr, len, table_id=0, sw_if_index=None):
                 if e.route.n_paths != 1:
                     return False
                 else:
-                    return (e.route.paths[0].sw_if_index == sw_if_index)
+                    return e.route.paths[0].sw_if_index == sw_if_index
 
     return False
 
 
 def find_route_in_dump(dump, route, table):
     for r in dump:
-        if table.table_id == r.route.table_id \
-           and route.prefix == r.route.prefix:
+        if table.table_id == r.route.table_id and route.prefix == r.route.prefix:
             if len(route.paths) == r.route.n_paths:
                 return True
     return False
@@ -111,17 +108,13 @@ def find_route_in_dump(dump, route, table):
 
 def find_mroute_in_dump(dump, route, table):
     for r in dump:
-        if table.table_id == r.route.table_id \
-           and route.prefix == r.route.prefix:
+        if table.table_id == r.route.table_id and route.prefix == r.route.prefix:
             return True
     return False
 
 
-def find_mroute(test, grp_addr, src_addr, grp_addr_len,
-                table_id=0):
-    ip_mprefix = VppIpMPrefix(text_type(src_addr),
-                              text_type(grp_addr),
-                              grp_addr_len)
+def find_mroute(test, grp_addr, src_addr, grp_addr_len, table_id=0):
+    ip_mprefix = VppIpMPrefix(text_type(src_addr), text_type(grp_addr), grp_addr_len)
 
     if 4 == ip_mprefix.version:
         routes = test.vapi.ip_mroute_dump(table_id, False)
@@ -137,16 +130,18 @@ def find_mroute(test, grp_addr, src_addr, grp_addr_len,
 def find_mpls_route(test, table_id, label, eos_bit, paths=None):
     dump = test.vapi.mpls_route_dump(table_id)
     for e in dump:
-        if label == e.mr_route.mr_label \
-           and eos_bit == e.mr_route.mr_eos \
-           and table_id == e.mr_route.mr_table_id:
+        if (
+            label == e.mr_route.mr_label
+            and eos_bit == e.mr_route.mr_eos
+            and table_id == e.mr_route.mr_table_id
+        ):
             if not paths:
                 return True
             else:
-                if (len(paths) != len(e.mr_route.mr_paths)):
+                if len(paths) != len(e.mr_route.mr_paths):
                     return False
                 for i in range(len(paths)):
-                    if (paths[i] != e.mr_route.mr_paths[i]):
+                    if paths[i] != e.mr_route.mr_paths[i]:
                         return False
                 return True
     return False
@@ -156,54 +151,49 @@ def fib_interface_ip_prefix(test, addr, len, sw_if_index):
     # can't use python net here since we need the host bits in the prefix
     prefix = "%s/%d" % (addr, len)
     addrs = test.vapi.ip_address_dump(
-        sw_if_index,
-        is_ipv6=(6 == ip_address(addr).version))
+        sw_if_index, is_ipv6=(6 == ip_address(addr).version)
+    )
 
     for a in addrs:
-        if a.sw_if_index == sw_if_index and \
-           str(a.prefix) == prefix:
+        if a.sw_if_index == sw_if_index and str(a.prefix) == prefix:
             return True
     return False
 
 
 class VppIpTable(VppObject):
-
-    def __init__(self,
-                 test,
-                 table_id,
-                 is_ip6=0,
-                 register=True):
+    def __init__(self, test, table_id, is_ip6=0, register=True):
         self._test = test
         self.table_id = table_id
         self.is_ip6 = is_ip6
         self.register = register
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
-        self._test.vapi.ip_table_add_del(is_add=1,
-                                         table={'is_ip6': self.is_ip6,
-                                                'table_id': self.table_id})
+        self._test.vapi.ip_table_add_del(
+            is_add=1, table={"is_ip6": self.is_ip6, "table_id": self.table_id}
+        )
         if self.register:
             self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
         return self
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
-        self._test.vapi.ip_table_add_del(is_add=0,
-                                         table={'is_ip6': self.is_ip6,
-                                                'table_id': self.table_id})
+        self._test.vapi.ip_table_add_del(
+            is_add=0, table={"is_ip6": self.is_ip6, "table_id": self.table_id}
+        )
 
     def replace_begin(self):
         self._test.vapi.ip_table_replace_begin(
-            table={'is_ip6': self.is_ip6,
-                   'table_id': self.table_id})
+            table={"is_ip6": self.is_ip6, "table_id": self.table_id}
+        )
 
     def replace_end(self):
         self._test.vapi.ip_table_replace_end(
-            table={'is_ip6': self.is_ip6,
-                   'table_id': self.table_id})
+            table={"is_ip6": self.is_ip6, "table_id": self.table_id}
+        )
 
     def flush(self):
-        self._test.vapi.ip_table_flush(table={'is_ip6': self.is_ip6,
-                                              'table_id': self.table_id})
+        self._test.vapi.ip_table_flush(
+            table={"is_ip6": self.is_ip6, "table_id": self.table_id}
+        )
 
     def dump(self):
         return self._test.vapi.ip_route_dump(self.table_id, self.is_ip6)
@@ -216,19 +206,15 @@ class VppIpTable(VppObject):
             # the default table always exists
             return False
         # find the default route
-        return find_route(self._test,
-                          "::" if self.is_ip6 else "0.0.0.0",
-                          0,
-                          self.table_id)
+        return find_route(
+            self._test, "::" if self.is_ip6 else "0.0.0.0", 0, self.table_id
+        )
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return ("table-%s-%d" %
-                ("v6" if self.is_ip6 == 1 else "v4",
-                 self.table_id))
+        return "table-%s-%d" % ("v6" if self.is_ip6 == 1 else "v4", self.table_id)
 
 
 class VppIpInterfaceAddress(VppObject):
-
     def __init__(self, test, intf, addr, len, bind=None):
         self._test = test
         self.intf = intf
@@ -242,55 +228,57 @@ class VppIpInterfaceAddress(VppObject):
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
         self._test.vapi.sw_interface_add_del_address(
-            sw_if_index=self.intf.sw_if_index, prefix=self.prefix,
-            is_add=1)
+            sw_if_index=self.intf.sw_if_index, prefix=self.prefix, is_add=1
+        )
         self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
         return self
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
         self._test.vapi.sw_interface_add_del_address(
-            sw_if_index=self.intf.sw_if_index, prefix=self.prefix,
-            is_add=0)
+            sw_if_index=self.intf.sw_if_index, prefix=self.prefix, is_add=0
+        )
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
         # search for the IP address mapping and the two expected
         # FIB entries
         v = ip_address(self.addr).version
 
-        if ((v == 4 and self.len < 31) or (v == 6 and self.len < 127)):
-            return (fib_interface_ip_prefix(self._test,
-                                            self.addr,
-                                            self.len,
-                                            self.intf.sw_if_index) &
-                    find_route(self._test,
-                               self.addr,
-                               self.len,
-                               table_id=self.table_id,
-                               sw_if_index=self.intf.sw_if_index) &
-                    find_route(self._test,
-                               self.addr,
-                               self.host_len,
-                               table_id=self.table_id,
-                               sw_if_index=self.intf.sw_if_index))
+        if (v == 4 and self.len < 31) or (v == 6 and self.len < 127):
+            return (
+                fib_interface_ip_prefix(
+                    self._test, self.addr, self.len, self.intf.sw_if_index
+                )
+                & find_route(
+                    self._test,
+                    self.addr,
+                    self.len,
+                    table_id=self.table_id,
+                    sw_if_index=self.intf.sw_if_index,
+                )
+                & find_route(
+                    self._test,
+                    self.addr,
+                    self.host_len,
+                    table_id=self.table_id,
+                    sw_if_index=self.intf.sw_if_index,
+                )
+            )
         else:
-            return (fib_interface_ip_prefix(self._test,
-                                            self.addr,
-                                            self.len,
-                                            self.intf.sw_if_index) &
-                    find_route(self._test,
-                               self.addr,
-                               self.host_len,
-                               table_id=self.table_id,
-                               sw_if_index=self.intf.sw_if_index))
+            return fib_interface_ip_prefix(
+                self._test, self.addr, self.len, self.intf.sw_if_index
+            ) & find_route(
+                self._test,
+                self.addr,
+                self.host_len,
+                table_id=self.table_id,
+                sw_if_index=self.intf.sw_if_index,
+            )
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return "interface-ip-%s-%d-%s" % (self.intf,
-                                          self.table_id,
-                                          self.prefix)
+        return "interface-ip-%s-%d-%s" % (self.intf, self.table_id, self.prefix)
 
 
 class VppIp6LinkLocalAddress(VppObject):
-
     def __init__(self, test, intf, addr):
         self._test = test
         self.intf = intf
@@ -298,7 +286,8 @@ class VppIp6LinkLocalAddress(VppObject):
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
         self._test.vapi.sw_interface_ip6_set_link_local_address(
-            sw_if_index=self.intf.sw_if_index, ip=self.addr)
+            sw_if_index=self.intf.sw_if_index, ip=self.addr
+        )
         self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
         return self
 
@@ -315,7 +304,6 @@ class VppIp6LinkLocalAddress(VppObject):
 
 
 class VppIpInterfaceBind(VppObject):
-
     def __init__(self, test, intf, table):
         self._test = test
         self.intf = intf
@@ -341,9 +329,12 @@ class VppIpInterfaceBind(VppObject):
         if 0 == self.table.table_id:
             return False
         try:
-            return self._test.vapi.sw_interface_get_table(
-                self.intf.sw_if_index,
-                self.table.is_ip6).vrf_id == self.table.table_id
+            return (
+                self._test.vapi.sw_interface_get_table(
+                    self.intf.sw_if_index, self.table.is_ip6
+                ).vrf_id
+                == self.table.table_id
+            )
         except UnexpectedApiReturnValueError as e:
             if e.retval == -2:  # INVALID_SW_IF_INDEX
                 return False
@@ -362,22 +353,28 @@ class VppMplsLabel:
 
     def encode(self):
         is_uniform = 0 if self.mode is MplsLspMode.PIPE else 1
-        return {'label': self.value,
-                'ttl': self.ttl,
-                'exp': self.exp,
-                'is_uniform': is_uniform}
+        return {
+            "label": self.value,
+            "ttl": self.ttl,
+            "exp": self.exp,
+            "is_uniform": is_uniform,
+        }
 
     def __eq__(self, other):
         if isinstance(other, self.__class__):
-            return (self.value == other.value and
-                    self.ttl == other.ttl and
-                    self.exp == other.exp and
-                    self.mode == other.mode)
-        elif hasattr(other, 'label'):
-            return (self.value == other.label and
-                    self.ttl == other.ttl and
-                    self.exp == other.exp and
-                    (self.mode == MplsLspMode.UNIFORM) == other.is_uniform)
+            return (
+                self.value == other.value
+                and self.ttl == other.ttl
+                and self.exp == other.exp
+                and self.mode == other.mode
+            )
+        elif hasattr(other, "label"):
+            return (
+                self.value == other.label
+                and self.ttl == other.ttl
+                and self.exp == other.exp
+                and (self.mode == MplsLspMode.UNIFORM) == other.is_uniform
+            )
         else:
             return False
 
@@ -386,20 +383,18 @@ class VppMplsLabel:
 
 
 class VppFibPathNextHop:
-    def __init__(self, addr,
-                 via_label=MPLS_LABEL_INVALID,
-                 next_hop_id=INVALID_INDEX):
+    def __init__(self, addr, via_label=MPLS_LABEL_INVALID, next_hop_id=INVALID_INDEX):
         self.addr = VppIpAddressUnion(addr)
         self.via_label = via_label
         self.obj_id = next_hop_id
 
     def encode(self):
         if self.via_label is not MPLS_LABEL_INVALID:
-            return {'via_label': self.via_label}
+            return {"via_label": self.via_label}
         if self.obj_id is not INVALID_INDEX:
-            return {'obj_id': self.obj_id}
+            return {"obj_id": self.obj_id}
         else:
-            return {'address': self.addr.encode()}
+            return {"address": self.addr.encode()}
 
     def proto(self):
         if self.via_label is MPLS_LABEL_INVALID:
@@ -411,25 +406,27 @@ class VppFibPathNextHop:
         if not isinstance(other, self.__class__):
             # try the other instance's __eq__.
             return NotImplemented
-        return (self.addr == other.addr and
-                self.via_label == other.via_label and
-                self.obj_id == other.obj_id)
+        return (
+            self.addr == other.addr
+            and self.via_label == other.via_label
+            and self.obj_id == other.obj_id
+        )
 
 
 class VppRoutePath:
-
     def __init__(
-            self,
-            nh_addr,
-            nh_sw_if_index,
-            nh_table_id=0,
-            labels=[],
-            nh_via_label=MPLS_LABEL_INVALID,
-            rpf_id=0,
-            next_hop_id=INVALID_INDEX,
-            proto=None,
-            flags=FibPathFlags.FIB_PATH_FLAG_NONE,
-            type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_NORMAL):
+        self,
+        nh_addr,
+        nh_sw_if_index,
+        nh_table_id=0,
+        labels=[],
+        nh_via_label=MPLS_LABEL_INVALID,
+        rpf_id=0,
+        next_hop_id=INVALID_INDEX,
+        proto=None,
+        flags=FibPathFlags.FIB_PATH_FLAG_NONE,
+        type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_NORMAL,
+    ):
         self.nh_itf = nh_sw_if_index
         self.nh_table_id = nh_table_id
         self.nh_labels = labels
@@ -451,36 +448,37 @@ class VppRoutePath:
             if type(l) == VppMplsLabel:
                 lstack.append(l.encode())
             else:
-                lstack.append({'label': l,
-                               'ttl': 255})
-        while (len(lstack) < 16):
+                lstack.append({"label": l, "ttl": 255})
+        while len(lstack) < 16:
             lstack.append({})
 
         return lstack
 
     def encode(self):
-        return {'weight': 1,
-                'preference': 0,
-                'table_id': self.nh_table_id,
-                'nh': self.nh.encode(),
-                'next_hop_id': self.next_hop_id,
-                'sw_if_index': self.nh_itf,
-                'rpf_id': self.rpf_id,
-                'proto': self.proto,
-                'type': self.type,
-                'flags': self.flags,
-                'n_labels': len(self.nh_labels),
-                'label_stack': self.encode_labels()}
+        return {
+            "weight": 1,
+            "preference": 0,
+            "table_id": self.nh_table_id,
+            "nh": self.nh.encode(),
+            "next_hop_id": self.next_hop_id,
+            "sw_if_index": self.nh_itf,
+            "rpf_id": self.rpf_id,
+            "proto": self.proto,
+            "type": self.type,
+            "flags": self.flags,
+            "n_labels": len(self.nh_labels),
+            "label_stack": self.encode_labels(),
+        }
 
     def __eq__(self, other):
         if isinstance(other, self.__class__):
             return self.nh == other.nh
-        elif hasattr(other, 'sw_if_index'):
+        elif hasattr(other, "sw_if_index"):
             # vl_api_fib_path_t
-            if (len(self.nh_labels) != other.n_labels):
+            if len(self.nh_labels) != other.n_labels:
                 return False
             for i in range(len(self.nh_labels)):
-                if (self.nh_labels[i] != other.label_stack[i]):
+                if self.nh_labels[i] != other.label_stack[i]:
                     return False
             return self.nh_itf == other.sw_if_index
         else:
@@ -491,26 +489,28 @@ class VppRoutePath:
 
 
 class VppMRoutePath(VppRoutePath):
-
-    def __init__(self, nh_sw_if_index, flags,
-                 nh=None,
-                 proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP4,
-                 type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_NORMAL,
-                 bier_imp=INVALID_INDEX):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        nh_sw_if_index,
+        flags,
+        nh=None,
+        proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP4,
+        type=FibPathType.FIB_PATH_TYPE_NORMAL,
+        bier_imp=INVALID_INDEX,
+    ):
         if not nh:
-            nh = "::" if proto is FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6 \
-                 else "0.0.0.0"
-        super(VppMRoutePath, self).__init__(nh,
-                                            nh_sw_if_index,
-                                            proto=proto,
-                                            type=type,
-                                            next_hop_id=bier_imp)
+            nh = "::" if proto is FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP6 else "0.0.0.0"
+        super(VppMRoutePath, self).__init__(
+            nh, nh_sw_if_index, proto=proto, type=type, next_hop_id=bier_imp
+        )
         self.nh_i_flags = flags
         self.bier_imp = bier_imp
 
     def encode(self):
-        return {'path': super(VppMRoutePath, self).encode(),
-                'itf_flags': self.nh_i_flags}
+        return {
+            "path": super(VppMRoutePath, self).encode(),
+            "itf_flags": self.nh_i_flags,
+        }
 
 
 class VppIpRoute(VppObject):
@@ -518,8 +518,9 @@ class VppIpRoute(VppObject):
     IP Route
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, test, dest_addr,
-                 dest_addr_len, paths, table_id=0, register=True):
+    def __init__(
+        self, test, dest_addr, dest_addr_len, paths, table_id=0, register=True
+    ):
         self._test = test
         self.paths = paths
         self.table_id = table_id
@@ -533,8 +534,7 @@ class VppIpRoute(VppObject):
             self.encoded_paths.append(path.encode())
 
     def __eq__(self, other):
-        if self.table_id == other.table_id and \
-           self.prefix == other.prefix:
+        if self.table_id == other.table_id and self.prefix == other.prefix:
             return True
         return False
 
@@ -545,24 +545,28 @@ class VppIpRoute(VppObject):
             self.encoded_paths.append(path.encode())
         self.modified = True
 
-        self._test.vapi.ip_route_add_del(route={'table_id': self.table_id,
-                                                'prefix': self.prefix,
-                                                'n_paths': len(
-                                                    self.encoded_paths),
-                                                'paths': self.encoded_paths,
-                                                },
-                                         is_add=1,
-                                         is_multipath=0)
+        self._test.vapi.ip_route_add_del(
+            route={
+                "table_id": self.table_id,
+                "prefix": self.prefix,
+                "n_paths": len(self.encoded_paths),
+                "paths": self.encoded_paths,
+            },
+            is_add=1,
+            is_multipath=0,
+        )
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
         r = self._test.vapi.ip_route_add_del(
-            route={'table_id': self.table_id,
-                   'prefix': self.prefix,
-                   'n_paths': len(self.encoded_paths),
-                   'paths': self.encoded_paths,
-                   },
+            route={
+                "table_id": self.table_id,
+                "prefix": self.prefix,
+                "n_paths": len(self.encoded_paths),
+                "paths": self.encoded_paths,
+            },
             is_add=1,
-            is_multipath=0)
+            is_multipath=0,
+        )
         self.stats_index = r.stats_index
         if self.register:
             self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
@@ -575,32 +579,36 @@ class VppIpRoute(VppObject):
         # passing no paths and multipath=0
         if self.modified:
             self._test.vapi.ip_route_add_del(
-                route={'table_id': self.table_id,
-                       'prefix': self.prefix,
-                       'n_paths': len(
-                           self.encoded_paths),
-                       'paths': self.encoded_paths},
+                route={
+                    "table_id": self.table_id,
+                    "prefix": self.prefix,
+                    "n_paths": len(self.encoded_paths),
+                    "paths": self.encoded_paths,
+                },
                 is_add=0,
-                is_multipath=1)
+                is_multipath=1,
+            )
         else:
             self._test.vapi.ip_route_add_del(
-                route={'table_id': self.table_id,
-                       'prefix': self.prefix,
-                       'n_paths': 0},
+                route={"table_id": self.table_id, "prefix": self.prefix, "n_paths": 0},
                 is_add=0,
-                is_multipath=0)
+                is_multipath=0,
+            )
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
-        return find_route(self._test,
-                          self.prefix.network_address,
-                          self.prefix.prefixlen,
-                          self.table_id)
+        return find_route(
+            self._test,
+            self.prefix.network_address,
+            self.prefix.prefixlen,
+            self.table_id,
+        )
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return ("%s:table-%d-%s" % (
-            'ip6-route' if self.prefix.version == 6 else 'ip-route',
-                self.table_id,
-                self.prefix))
+        return "%s:table-%d-%s" % (
+            "ip6-route" if self.prefix.version == 6 else "ip-route",
+            self.table_id,
+            self.prefix,
+        )
 
     def get_stats_to(self):
         c = self._test.statistics.get_counter("/net/route/to")
@@ -616,9 +624,9 @@ class VppIpRouteV2(VppObject):
     IP Route V2
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, test, dest_addr,
-                 dest_addr_len, paths, table_id=0,
-                 register=True, src=0):
+    def __init__(
+        self, test, dest_addr, dest_addr_len, paths, table_id=0, register=True, src=0
+    ):
         self._test = test
         self.paths = paths
         self.table_id = table_id
@@ -633,8 +641,7 @@ class VppIpRouteV2(VppObject):
             self.encoded_paths.append(path.encode())
 
     def __eq__(self, other):
-        if self.table_id == other.table_id and \
-           self.prefix == other.prefix:
+        if self.table_id == other.table_id and self.prefix == other.prefix:
             return True
         return False
 
@@ -645,26 +652,30 @@ class VppIpRouteV2(VppObject):
             self.encoded_paths.append(path.encode())
         self.modified = True
 
-        self._test.vapi.ip_route_add_del_v2(route={'table_id': self.table_id,
-                                                   'prefix': self.prefix,
-                                                   'src': self.src,
-                                                   'n_paths': len(
-                                                       self.encoded_paths),
-                                                   'paths': self.encoded_paths,
-                                                   },
-                                            is_add=1,
-                                            is_multipath=0)
+        self._test.vapi.ip_route_add_del_v2(
+            route={
+                "table_id": self.table_id,
+                "prefix": self.prefix,
+                "src": self.src,
+                "n_paths": len(self.encoded_paths),
+                "paths": self.encoded_paths,
+            },
+            is_add=1,
+            is_multipath=0,
+        )
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
         r = self._test.vapi.ip_route_add_del_v2(
-            route={'table_id': self.table_id,
-                   'prefix': self.prefix,
-                   'n_paths': len(self.encoded_paths),
-                   'paths': self.encoded_paths,
-                   'src': self.src,
-                   },
+            route={
+                "table_id": self.table_id,
+                "prefix": self.prefix,
+                "n_paths": len(self.encoded_paths),
+                "paths": self.encoded_paths,
+                "src": self.src,
+            },
             is_add=1,
-            is_multipath=0)
+            is_multipath=0,
+        )
         self.stats_index = r.stats_index
         if self.register:
             self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
@@ -677,34 +688,42 @@ class VppIpRouteV2(VppObject):
         # passing no paths and multipath=0
         if self.modified:
             self._test.vapi.ip_route_add_del_v2(
-                route={'table_id': self.table_id,
-                       'prefix': self.prefix,
-                       'src': self.src,
-                       'n_paths': len(
-                           self.encoded_paths),
-                       'paths': self.encoded_paths},
+                route={
+                    "table_id": self.table_id,
+                    "prefix": self.prefix,
+                    "src": self.src,
+                    "n_paths": len(self.encoded_paths),
+                    "paths": self.encoded_paths,
+                },
                 is_add=0,
-                is_multipath=1)
+                is_multipath=1,
+            )
         else:
             self._test.vapi.ip_route_add_del_v2(
-                route={'table_id': self.table_id,
-                       'prefix': self.prefix,
-                       'src': self.src,
-                       'n_paths': 0},
+                route={
+                    "table_id": self.table_id,
+                    "prefix": self.prefix,
+                    "src": self.src,
+                    "n_paths": 0,
+                },
                 is_add=0,
-                is_multipath=0)
+                is_multipath=0,
+            )
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
-        return find_route(self._test,
-                          self.prefix.network_address,
-                          self.prefix.prefixlen,
-                          self.table_id)
+        return find_route(
+            self._test,
+            self.prefix.network_address,
+            self.prefix.prefixlen,
+            self.table_id,
+        )
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return ("%s:table-%d-%s" % (
-            'ip6-route' if self.prefix.version == 6 else 'ip-route',
-                self.table_id,
-                self.prefix))
+        return "%s:table-%d-%s" % (
+            "ip6-route" if self.prefix.version == 6 else "ip-route",
+            self.table_id,
+            self.prefix,
+        )
 
     def get_stats_to(self):
         c = self._test.statistics.get_counter("/net/route/to")
@@ -720,9 +739,17 @@ class VppIpMRoute(VppObject):
     IP Multicast Route
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, test, src_addr, grp_addr,
-                 grp_addr_len, e_flags, paths, table_id=0,
-                 rpf_id=0):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        test,
+        src_addr,
+        grp_addr,
+        grp_addr_len,
+        e_flags,
+        paths,
+        table_id=0,
+        rpf_id=0,
+    ):
         self._test = test
         self.paths = paths
         self.table_id = table_id
@@ -736,38 +763,37 @@ class VppIpMRoute(VppObject):
 
     def encode(self, paths=None):
         _paths = self.encoded_paths if paths is None else paths
-        return {'table_id': self.table_id,
-                'entry_flags': self.e_flags,
-                'rpf_id': self.rpf_id,
-                'prefix': self.prefix.encode(),
-                'n_paths': len(_paths),
-                'paths': _paths,
-                }
+        return {
+            "table_id": self.table_id,
+            "entry_flags": self.e_flags,
+            "rpf_id": self.rpf_id,
+            "prefix": self.prefix.encode(),
+            "n_paths": len(_paths),
+            "paths": _paths,
+        }
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
-        r = self._test.vapi.ip_mroute_add_del(route=self.encode(),
-                                              is_multipath=1,
-                                              is_add=1)
+        r = self._test.vapi.ip_mroute_add_del(
+            route=self.encode(), is_multipath=1, is_add=1
+        )
         self.stats_index = r.stats_index
         self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
         return self
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
-        self._test.vapi.ip_mroute_add_del(route=self.encode(),
-                                          is_multipath=1,
-                                          is_add=0)
+        self._test.vapi.ip_mroute_add_del(route=self.encode(), is_multipath=1, is_add=0)
 
     def update_entry_flags(self, flags):
         self.e_flags = flags
-        self._test.vapi.ip_mroute_add_del(route=self.encode(paths=[]),
-                                          is_multipath=1,
-                                          is_add=1)
+        self._test.vapi.ip_mroute_add_del(
+            route=self.encode(paths=[]), is_multipath=1, is_add=1
+        )
 
     def update_rpf_id(self, rpf_id):
         self.rpf_id = rpf_id
-        self._test.vapi.ip_mroute_add_del(route=self.encode(paths=[]),
-                                          is_multipath=1,
-                                          is_add=1)
+        self._test.vapi.ip_mroute_add_del(
+            route=self.encode(paths=[]), is_multipath=1, is_add=1
+        )
 
     def update_path_flags(self, itf, flags):
         for p in range(len(self.paths)):
@@ -777,23 +803,25 @@ class VppIpMRoute(VppObject):
                 break
 
         self._test.vapi.ip_mroute_add_del(
-            route=self.encode(
-                paths=[self.encoded_paths[p]]),
-            is_add=1,
-            is_multipath=0)
+            route=self.encode(paths=[self.encoded_paths[p]]), is_add=1, is_multipath=0
+        )
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
-        return find_mroute(self._test,
-                           self.prefix.gaddr,
-                           self.prefix.saddr,
-                           self.prefix.length,
-                           self.table_id)
+        return find_mroute(
+            self._test,
+            self.prefix.gaddr,
+            self.prefix.saddr,
+            self.prefix.length,
+            self.table_id,
+        )
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return ("%d:(%s,%s/%d)" % (self.table_id,
-                                   self.prefix.saddr,
-                                   self.prefix.gaddr,
-                                   self.prefix.length))
+        return "%d:(%s,%s/%d)" % (
+            self.table_id,
+            self.prefix.saddr,
+            self.prefix.gaddr,
+            self.prefix.length,
+        )
 
     def get_stats(self):
         c = self._test.statistics.get_counter("/net/mroute")
@@ -818,8 +846,16 @@ class VppMplsIpBind(VppObject):
     MPLS to IP Binding
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, test, local_label, dest_addr, dest_addr_len,
-                 table_id=0, ip_table_id=0, is_ip6=0):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        test,
+        local_label,
+        dest_addr,
+        dest_addr_len,
+        table_id=0,
+        ip_table_id=0,
+        is_ip6=0,
+    ):
         self._test = test
         self.dest_addr_len = dest_addr_len
         self.dest_addr = dest_addr
@@ -830,54 +866,54 @@ class VppMplsIpBind(VppObject):
         self.prefix = mk_network(dest_addr, dest_addr_len)
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
-        self._test.vapi.mpls_ip_bind_unbind(self.local_label,
-                                            self.prefix,
-                                            table_id=self.table_id,
-                                            ip_table_id=self.ip_table_id)
+        self._test.vapi.mpls_ip_bind_unbind(
+            self.local_label,
+            self.prefix,
+            table_id=self.table_id,
+            ip_table_id=self.ip_table_id,
+        )
         self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
-        self._test.vapi.mpls_ip_bind_unbind(self.local_label,
-                                            self.prefix,
-                                            table_id=self.table_id,
-                                            ip_table_id=self.ip_table_id,
-                                            is_bind=0)
+        self._test.vapi.mpls_ip_bind_unbind(
+            self.local_label,
+            self.prefix,
+            table_id=self.table_id,
+            ip_table_id=self.ip_table_id,
+            is_bind=0,
+        )
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
         dump = self._test.vapi.mpls_route_dump(self.table_id)
         for e in dump:
-            if self.local_label == e.mr_route.mr_label \
-               and self.table_id == e.mr_route.mr_table_id:
+            if (
+                self.local_label == e.mr_route.mr_label
+                and self.table_id == e.mr_route.mr_table_id
+            ):
                 return True
         return False
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return ("%d:%s binds %d:%s/%d"
-                % (self.table_id,
-                   self.local_label,
-                   self.ip_table_id,
-                   self.dest_addr,
-                   self.dest_addr_len))
+        return "%d:%s binds %d:%s/%d" % (
+            self.table_id,
+            self.local_label,
+            self.ip_table_id,
+            self.dest_addr,
+            self.dest_addr_len,
+        )
 
 
 class VppMplsTable(VppObject):
-
-    def __init__(self,
-                 test,
-                 table_id):
+    def __init__(self, test, table_id):
         self._test = test
         self.table_id = table_id
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
-        self._test.vapi.mpls_table_add_del(
-            self.table_id,
-            is_add=1)
+        self._test.vapi.mpls_table_add_del(self.table_id, is_add=1)
         self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
-        self._test.vapi.mpls_table_add_del(
-            self.table_id,
-            is_add=0)
+        self._test.vapi.mpls_table_add_del(self.table_id, is_add=0)
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
         dump = self._test.vapi.mpls_table_dump()
@@ -887,7 +923,7 @@ class VppMplsTable(VppObject):
         return False
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return ("table-mpls-%d" % (self.table_id))
+        return "table-mpls-%d" % (self.table_id)
 
 
 class VppMplsRoute(VppObject):
@@ -895,9 +931,16 @@ class VppMplsRoute(VppObject):
     MPLS Route/LSP
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, test, local_label, eos_bit, paths, table_id=0,
-                 is_multicast=0,
-                 eos_proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP4):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        test,
+        local_label,
+        eos_bit,
+        paths,
+        table_id=0,
+        is_multicast=0,
+        eos_proto=FibPathProto.FIB_PATH_NH_PROTO_IP4,
+    ):
         self._test = test
         self.paths = paths
         self.local_label = local_label
@@ -911,12 +954,16 @@ class VppMplsRoute(VppObject):
         for path in self.paths:
             paths.append(path.encode())
 
-        r = self._test.vapi.mpls_route_add_del(self.table_id,
-                                               self.local_label,
-                                               self.eos_bit,
-                                               self.eos_proto,
-                                               self.is_multicast,
-                                               paths, 1, 0)
+        r = self._test.vapi.mpls_route_add_del(
+            self.table_id,
+            self.local_label,
+            self.eos_bit,
+            self.eos_proto,
+            self.is_multicast,
+            paths,
+            1,
+            0,
+        )
         self.stats_index = r.stats_index
         self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
 
@@ -925,22 +972,28 @@ class VppMplsRoute(VppObject):
         for path in self.paths:
             paths.append(path.encode())
 
-        self._test.vapi.mpls_route_add_del(self.table_id,
-                                           self.local_label,
-                                           self.eos_bit,
-                                           self.eos_proto,
-                                           self.is_multicast,
-                                           paths, 0, 0)
+        self._test.vapi.mpls_route_add_del(
+            self.table_id,
+            self.local_label,
+            self.eos_bit,
+            self.eos_proto,
+            self.is_multicast,
+            paths,
+            0,
+            0,
+        )
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
-        return find_mpls_route(self._test, self.table_id,
-                               self.local_label, self.eos_bit)
+        return find_mpls_route(
+            self._test, self.table_id, self.local_label, self.eos_bit
+        )
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return ("mpls-route-%d:%s/%d"
-                % (self.table_id,
-                   self.local_label,
-                   20 + self.eos_bit))
+        return "mpls-route-%d:%s/%d" % (
+            self.table_id,
+            self.local_label,
+            20 + self.eos_bit,
+        )
 
     def get_stats_to(self):
         c = self._test.statistics.get_counter("/net/route/to")
diff --git a/test/vpp_ipip_tun_interface.py b/test/vpp_ipip_tun_interface.py
index 6517458d3d6..259767653bd 100644
--- a/test/vpp_ipip_tun_interface.py
+++ b/test/vpp_ipip_tun_interface.py
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ class VppIpIpTunInterface(VppTunnelInterface):
     VPP IP-IP Tunnel interface
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, test, parent_if, src, dst,
-                 table_id=0, dscp=0x0,
-                 flags=0, mode=None):
+    def __init__(
+        self, test, parent_if, src, dst, table_id=0, dscp=0x0, flags=0, mode=None
+    ):
         super(VppIpIpTunInterface, self).__init__(test, parent_if)
         self.src = src
         self.dst = dst
@@ -19,23 +19,22 @@ class VppIpIpTunInterface(VppTunnelInterface):
         self.flags = flags
         self.mode = mode
         if not self.mode:
-            self.mode = (VppEnum.vl_api_tunnel_mode_t.
-                         TUNNEL_API_MODE_P2P)
+            self.mode = VppEnum.vl_api_tunnel_mode_t.TUNNEL_API_MODE_P2P
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
         r = self.test.vapi.ipip_add_tunnel(
             tunnel={
-                'src': self.src,
-                'dst': self.dst,
-                'table_id': self.table_id,
-                'flags': self.flags,
-                'dscp': self.dscp,
-                'instance': 0xffffffff,
-                'mode': self.mode,
-            })
+                "src": self.src,
+                "dst": self.dst,
+                "table_id": self.table_id,
+                "flags": self.flags,
+                "dscp": self.dscp,
+                "instance": 0xFFFFFFFF,
+                "mode": self.mode,
+            }
+        )
         self.set_sw_if_index(r.sw_if_index)
-        r = self.test.vapi.ipip_tunnel_dump(
-            sw_if_index=self.sw_if_index)
+        r = self.test.vapi.ipip_tunnel_dump(sw_if_index=self.sw_if_index)
         self.instance = r[0].tunnel.instance
         self.test.registry.register(self, self.test.logger)
         return self
@@ -44,7 +43,7 @@ class VppIpIpTunInterface(VppTunnelInterface):
         self.test.vapi.ipip_del_tunnel(sw_if_index=self._sw_if_index)
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
-        ts = self.test.vapi.ipip_tunnel_dump(sw_if_index=0xffffffff)
+        ts = self.test.vapi.ipip_tunnel_dump(sw_if_index=0xFFFFFFFF)
         for t in ts:
             if t.tunnel.sw_if_index == self._sw_if_index:
                 return True
diff --git a/test/vpp_ipsec.py b/test/vpp_ipsec.py
index 76080e05c3a..1db7f853e72 100644
--- a/test/vpp_ipsec.py
+++ b/test/vpp_ipsec.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ except NameError:
 
 
 def mk_counter():
-    return {'packets': 0, 'bytes': 0}
+    return {"packets": 0, "bytes": 0}
 
 
 class VppIpsecSpd(VppObject):
@@ -52,14 +52,13 @@ class VppIpsecSpdItfBinding(VppObject):
         self.itf = itf
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
-        self.test.vapi.ipsec_interface_add_del_spd(self.spd.id,
-                                                   self.itf.sw_if_index)
+        self.test.vapi.ipsec_interface_add_del_spd(self.spd.id, self.itf.sw_if_index)
         self.test.registry.register(self, self.test.logger)
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
-        self.test.vapi.ipsec_interface_add_del_spd(self.spd.id,
-                                                   self.itf.sw_if_index,
-                                                   is_add=0)
+        self.test.vapi.ipsec_interface_add_del_spd(
+            self.spd.id, self.itf.sw_if_index, is_add=0
+        )
 
     def object_id(self):
         return "bind-%s-to-%s" % (self.spd.id, self.itf)
@@ -77,17 +76,24 @@ class VppIpsecSpdEntry(VppObject):
     VPP SPD DB Entry
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, test, spd, sa_id,
-                 local_start, local_stop,
-                 remote_start, remote_stop,
-                 proto,
-                 priority=100,
-                 policy=None,
-                 is_outbound=1,
-                 remote_port_start=0,
-                 remote_port_stop=65535,
-                 local_port_start=0,
-                 local_port_stop=65535):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        test,
+        spd,
+        sa_id,
+        local_start,
+        local_stop,
+        remote_start,
+        remote_stop,
+        proto,
+        priority=100,
+        policy=None,
+        is_outbound=1,
+        remote_port_start=0,
+        remote_port_stop=65535,
+        local_port_start=0,
+        local_port_stop=65535,
+    ):
         self.test = test
         self.spd = spd
         self.sa_id = sa_id
@@ -99,11 +105,10 @@ class VppIpsecSpdEntry(VppObject):
         self.is_outbound = is_outbound
         self.priority = priority
         if not policy:
-            self.policy = (VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_spd_action_t.
-                           IPSEC_API_SPD_ACTION_BYPASS)
+            self.policy = VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_spd_action_t.IPSEC_API_SPD_ACTION_BYPASS
         else:
             self.policy = policy
-        self.is_ipv6 = (0 if self.local_start.version == 4 else 1)
+        self.is_ipv6 = 0 if self.local_start.version == 4 else 1
         self.local_port_start = local_port_start
         self.local_port_stop = local_port_stop
         self.remote_port_start = remote_port_start
@@ -125,7 +130,8 @@ class VppIpsecSpdEntry(VppObject):
             local_port_start=self.local_port_start,
             local_port_stop=self.local_port_stop,
             remote_port_start=self.remote_port_start,
-            remote_port_stop=self.remote_port_stop)
+            remote_port_stop=self.remote_port_stop,
+        )
         self.stat_index = rv.stat_index
         self.test.registry.register(self, self.test.logger)
         return self
@@ -147,25 +153,30 @@ class VppIpsecSpdEntry(VppObject):
             local_port_stop=self.local_port_stop,
             remote_port_start=self.remote_port_start,
             remote_port_stop=self.remote_port_stop,
-            is_add=0)
+            is_add=0,
+        )
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return "spd-entry-%d-%d-%d-%d-%d-%d" % (self.spd.id,
-                                                self.priority,
-                                                self.policy,
-                                                self.is_outbound,
-                                                self.is_ipv6,
-                                                self.remote_port_start)
+        return "spd-entry-%d-%d-%d-%d-%d-%d" % (
+            self.spd.id,
+            self.priority,
+            self.policy,
+            self.is_outbound,
+            self.is_ipv6,
+            self.remote_port_start,
+        )
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
         ss = self.test.vapi.ipsec_spd_dump(self.spd.id)
         for s in ss:
-            if s.entry.sa_id == self.sa_id and \
-               s.entry.is_outbound == self.is_outbound and \
-               s.entry.priority == self.priority and \
-               s.entry.policy == self.policy and \
-               s.entry.remote_address_start == self.remote_start and \
-               s.entry.remote_port_start == self.remote_port_start:
+            if (
+                s.entry.sa_id == self.sa_id
+                and s.entry.is_outbound == self.is_outbound
+                and s.entry.priority == self.priority
+                and s.entry.policy == self.policy
+                and s.entry.remote_address_start == self.remote_start
+                and s.entry.remote_port_start == self.remote_port_start
+            ):
                 return True
         return False
 
@@ -174,11 +185,11 @@ class VppIpsecSpdEntry(VppObject):
         if worker is None:
             total = mk_counter()
             for t in c:
-                total['packets'] += t[self.stat_index]['packets']
+                total["packets"] += t[self.stat_index]["packets"]
             return total
         else:
             # +1 to skip main thread
-            return c[worker+1][self.stat_index]
+            return c[worker + 1][self.stat_index]
 
 
 class VppIpsecSA(VppObject):
@@ -188,14 +199,26 @@ class VppIpsecSA(VppObject):
 
     DEFAULT_UDP_PORT = 4500
 
-    def __init__(self, test, id, spi,
-                 integ_alg, integ_key,
-                 crypto_alg, crypto_key,
-                 proto,
-                 tun_src=None, tun_dst=None,
-                 flags=None, salt=0, tun_flags=None,
-                 dscp=None,
-                 udp_src=None, udp_dst=None, hop_limit=None):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        test,
+        id,
+        spi,
+        integ_alg,
+        integ_key,
+        crypto_alg,
+        crypto_key,
+        proto,
+        tun_src=None,
+        tun_dst=None,
+        flags=None,
+        salt=0,
+        tun_flags=None,
+        dscp=None,
+        udp_src=None,
+        udp_dst=None,
+        hop_limit=None,
+    ):
         e = VppEnum.vl_api_ipsec_sad_flags_t
         self.test = test
         self.id = id
@@ -214,15 +237,16 @@ class VppIpsecSA(VppObject):
             self.flags = e.IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_NONE
         else:
             self.flags = flags
-        if (tun_src):
+        if tun_src:
             self.tun_src = ip_address(text_type(tun_src))
             self.flags = self.flags | e.IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_IS_TUNNEL
-        if (tun_dst):
+        if tun_dst:
             self.tun_dst = ip_address(text_type(tun_dst))
         self.udp_src = udp_src
         self.udp_dst = udp_dst
-        self.tun_flags = (VppEnum.vl_api_tunnel_encap_decap_flags_t.
-                          TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_NONE)
+        self.tun_flags = (
+            VppEnum.vl_api_tunnel_encap_decap_flags_t.TUNNEL_API_ENCAP_DECAP_FLAG_NONE
+        )
         if tun_flags:
             self.tun_flags = tun_flags
         self.dscp = VppEnum.vl_api_ip_dscp_t.IP_API_DSCP_CS0
@@ -233,38 +257,39 @@ class VppIpsecSA(VppObject):
             self.hop_limit = hop_limit
 
     def tunnel_encode(self):
-        return {'src': (self.tun_src if self.tun_src else []),
-                'dst': (self.tun_dst if self.tun_dst else []),
-                'encap_decap_flags': self.tun_flags,
-                'dscp': self.dscp,
-                'hop_limit': self.hop_limit,
-                'table_id': self.table_id
-                }
+        return {
+            "src": (self.tun_src if self.tun_src else []),
+            "dst": (self.tun_dst if self.tun_dst else []),
+            "encap_decap_flags": self.tun_flags,
+            "dscp": self.dscp,
+            "hop_limit": self.hop_limit,
+            "table_id": self.table_id,
+        }
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
         entry = {
-            'sad_id': self.id,
-            'spi': self.spi,
-            'integrity_algorithm': self.integ_alg,
-            'integrity_key': {
-                'length': len(self.integ_key),
-                'data': self.integ_key,
+            "sad_id": self.id,
+            "spi": self.spi,
+            "integrity_algorithm": self.integ_alg,
+            "integrity_key": {
+                "length": len(self.integ_key),
+                "data": self.integ_key,
             },
-            'crypto_algorithm': self.crypto_alg,
-            'crypto_key': {
-                'data': self.crypto_key,
-                'length': len(self.crypto_key),
+            "crypto_algorithm": self.crypto_alg,
+            "crypto_key": {
+                "data": self.crypto_key,
+                "length": len(self.crypto_key),
             },
-            'protocol': self.proto,
-            'tunnel': self.tunnel_encode(),
-            'flags': self.flags,
-            'salt': self.salt
+            "protocol": self.proto,
+            "tunnel": self.tunnel_encode(),
+            "flags": self.flags,
+            "salt": self.salt,
         }
         # don't explicitly send the defaults, let papi fill them in
         if self.udp_src:
-            entry['udp_src_port'] = self.udp_src
+            entry["udp_src_port"] = self.udp_src
         if self.udp_dst:
-            entry['udp_dst_port'] = self.udp_dst
+            entry["udp_dst_port"] = self.udp_dst
         r = self.test.vapi.ipsec_sad_entry_add(entry=entry)
         self.stat_index = r.stat_index
         self.test.registry.register(self, self.test.logger)
@@ -284,7 +309,7 @@ class VppIpsecSA(VppObject):
             if b.entry.sad_id == self.id:
                 # if udp encap is configured then the ports should match
                 # those configured or the default
-                if (self.flags & e.IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_UDP_ENCAP):
+                if self.flags & e.IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_UDP_ENCAP:
                     if not b.entry.flags & e.IPSEC_API_SAD_FLAG_UDP_ENCAP:
                         return False
                     if self.udp_src:
@@ -307,11 +332,11 @@ class VppIpsecSA(VppObject):
         if worker is None:
             total = mk_counter()
             for t in c:
-                total['packets'] += t[self.stat_index]['packets']
+                total["packets"] += t[self.stat_index]["packets"]
             return total
         else:
             # +1 to skip main thread
-            return c[worker+1][self.stat_index]
+            return c[worker + 1][self.stat_index]
 
     def get_lost(self, worker=None):
         c = self.test.statistics.get_counter("/net/ipsec/sa/lost")
@@ -322,7 +347,7 @@ class VppIpsecSA(VppObject):
             return total
         else:
             # +1 to skip main thread
-            return c[worker+1][self.stat_index]
+            return c[worker + 1][self.stat_index]
 
 
 class VppIpsecTunProtect(VppObject):
@@ -348,11 +373,13 @@ class VppIpsecTunProtect(VppObject):
         self.sa_out = sa_out.id
         self.test.vapi.ipsec_tunnel_protect_update(
             tunnel={
-                'sw_if_index': self.itf._sw_if_index,
-                'n_sa_in': len(self.sas_in),
-                'sa_out': self.sa_out,
-                'sa_in': self.sas_in,
-                'nh': self.nh})
+                "sw_if_index": self.itf._sw_if_index,
+                "n_sa_in": len(self.sas_in),
+                "sa_out": self.sa_out,
+                "sa_in": self.sas_in,
+                "nh": self.nh,
+            }
+        )
 
     def object_id(self):
         return "ipsec-tun-protect-%s-%s" % (self.itf, self.nh)
@@ -360,24 +387,24 @@ class VppIpsecTunProtect(VppObject):
     def add_vpp_config(self):
         self.test.vapi.ipsec_tunnel_protect_update(
             tunnel={
-                'sw_if_index': self.itf._sw_if_index,
-                'n_sa_in': len(self.sas_in),
-                'sa_out': self.sa_out,
-                'sa_in': self.sas_in,
-                'nh': self.nh})
+                "sw_if_index": self.itf._sw_if_index,
+                "n_sa_in": len(self.sas_in),
+                "sa_out": self.sa_out,
+                "sa_in": self.sas_in,
+                "nh": self.nh,
+            }
+        )
         self.test.registry.register(self, self.test.logger)
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
         self.test.vapi.ipsec_tunnel_protect_del(
-            sw_if_index=self.itf.sw_if_index,
-            nh=self.nh)
+            sw_if_index=self.itf.sw_if_index, nh=self.nh
+        )
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
-        bs = self.test.vapi.ipsec_tunnel_protect_dump(
-            sw_if_index=self.itf.sw_if_index)
+        bs = self.test.vapi.ipsec_tunnel_protect_dump(sw_if_index=self.itf.sw_if_index)
         for b in bs:
-            if b.tun.sw_if_index == self.itf.sw_if_index and \
-               self.nh == str(b.tun.nh):
+            if b.tun.sw_if_index == self.itf.sw_if_index and self.nh == str(b.tun.nh):
                 return True
         return False
 
@@ -387,20 +414,21 @@ class VppIpsecInterface(VppInterface):
     VPP IPSec interface
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, test, mode=None, instance=0xffffffff):
+    def __init__(self, test, mode=None, instance=0xFFFFFFFF):
         super(VppIpsecInterface, self).__init__(test)
 
         self.mode = mode
         if not self.mode:
-            self.mode = (VppEnum.vl_api_tunnel_mode_t.
-                         TUNNEL_API_MODE_P2P)
+            self.mode = VppEnum.vl_api_tunnel_mode_t.TUNNEL_API_MODE_P2P
         self.instance = instance
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
-        r = self.test.vapi.ipsec_itf_create(itf={
-            'user_instance': self.instance,
-            'mode': self.mode,
-        })
+        r = self.test.vapi.ipsec_itf_create(
+            itf={
+                "user_instance": self.instance,
+                "mode": self.mode,
+            }
+        )
         self.set_sw_if_index(r.sw_if_index)
         self.test.registry.register(self, self.test.logger)
         ts = self.test.vapi.ipsec_itf_dump(sw_if_index=self._sw_if_index)
@@ -411,7 +439,7 @@ class VppIpsecInterface(VppInterface):
         self.test.vapi.ipsec_itf_delete(sw_if_index=self._sw_if_index)
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
-        ts = self.test.vapi.ipsec_itf_dump(sw_if_index=0xffffffff)
+        ts = self.test.vapi.ipsec_itf_dump(sw_if_index=0xFFFFFFFF)
         for t in ts:
             if t.itf.sw_if_index == self._sw_if_index:
                 return True
diff --git a/test/vpp_l2.py b/test/vpp_l2.py
index 7307d28ad13..872f42851b9 100644
--- a/test/vpp_l2.py
+++ b/test/vpp_l2.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from vpp_object import VppObject
 from vpp_lo_interface import VppLoInterface
 from vpp_papi import MACAddress
 from vpp_sub_interface import L2_VTR_OP
+
 try:
     text_type = unicode
 except NameError:
@@ -47,8 +48,7 @@ def find_bridge_domain_arp_entry(test, bd_id, mac, ip):
     arps = test.vapi.bd_ip_mac_dump(bd_id)
     for arp in arps:
         # do IP addr comparison too once .api is fixed...
-        if mac == str(arp.entry.mac) and \
-           ip == str(arp.entry.ip):
+        if mac == str(arp.entry.mac) and ip == str(arp.entry.ip):
             return True
     return False
 
@@ -63,10 +63,17 @@ def find_l2_fib_entry(test, bd_id, mac, sw_if_index):
 
 
 class VppBridgeDomain(VppObject):
-
-    def __init__(self, test, bd_id,
-                 flood=1, uu_flood=1, forward=1,
-                 learn=1, arp_term=1, arp_ufwd=0):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        test,
+        bd_id,
+        flood=1,
+        uu_flood=1,
+        forward=1,
+        learn=1,
+        arp_term=1,
+        arp_ufwd=0,
+    ):
         self._test = test
         self.bd_id = bd_id
         self.flood = flood
@@ -77,14 +84,16 @@ class VppBridgeDomain(VppObject):
         self.arp_ufwd = arp_ufwd
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
-        self._test.vapi.bridge_domain_add_del(bd_id=self.bd_id,
-                                              flood=self.flood,
-                                              uu_flood=self.uu_flood,
-                                              forward=self.forward,
-                                              learn=self.learn,
-                                              arp_term=self.arp_term,
-                                              arp_ufwd=self.arp_ufwd,
-                                              is_add=1)
+        self._test.vapi.bridge_domain_add_del(
+            bd_id=self.bd_id,
+            flood=self.flood,
+            uu_flood=self.uu_flood,
+            forward=self.forward,
+            learn=self.learn,
+            arp_term=self.arp_term,
+            arp_ufwd=self.arp_ufwd,
+            is_add=1,
+        )
         self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
         return self
 
@@ -99,9 +108,7 @@ class VppBridgeDomain(VppObject):
 
 
 class VppBridgeDomainPort(VppObject):
-
-    def __init__(self, test, bd, itf,
-                 port_type=L2_PORT_TYPE.NORMAL):
+    def __init__(self, test, bd, itf, port_type=L2_PORT_TYPE.NORMAL):
         self._test = test
         self.bd = bd
         self.itf = itf
@@ -109,27 +116,30 @@ class VppBridgeDomainPort(VppObject):
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
         self._test.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=self.itf.sw_if_index, bd_id=self.bd.bd_id,
-            port_type=self.port_type, enable=1)
+            rx_sw_if_index=self.itf.sw_if_index,
+            bd_id=self.bd.bd_id,
+            port_type=self.port_type,
+            enable=1,
+        )
         self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
         return self
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
         self._test.vapi.sw_interface_set_l2_bridge(
-            rx_sw_if_index=self.itf.sw_if_index, bd_id=self.bd.bd_id,
-            port_type=self.port_type, enable=0)
+            rx_sw_if_index=self.itf.sw_if_index,
+            bd_id=self.bd.bd_id,
+            port_type=self.port_type,
+            enable=0,
+        )
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
-        return find_bridge_domain_port(self._test,
-                                       self.bd.bd_id,
-                                       self.itf.sw_if_index)
+        return find_bridge_domain_port(self._test, self.bd.bd_id, self.itf.sw_if_index)
 
     def object_id(self):
         return "BD-Port-%s-%s" % (self.bd, self.itf)
 
 
 class VppBridgeDomainArpEntry(VppObject):
-
     def __init__(self, test, bd, mac, ip):
         self._test = test
         self.bd = bd
@@ -137,35 +147,28 @@ class VppBridgeDomainArpEntry(VppObject):
         self.ip = ip
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
-        self._test.vapi.bd_ip_mac_add_del(is_add=1,
-                                          entry={
-                                              'bd_id': self.bd.bd_id,
-                                              'ip': self.ip,
-                                              'mac': self.mac})
+        self._test.vapi.bd_ip_mac_add_del(
+            is_add=1, entry={"bd_id": self.bd.bd_id, "ip": self.ip, "mac": self.mac}
+        )
         self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
         return self
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
-        self._test.vapi.bd_ip_mac_add_del(is_add=0,
-                                          entry={
-                                              'bd_id': self.bd.bd_id,
-                                              'ip': self.ip,
-                                              'mac': self.mac})
+        self._test.vapi.bd_ip_mac_add_del(
+            is_add=0, entry={"bd_id": self.bd.bd_id, "ip": self.ip, "mac": self.mac}
+        )
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
-        return find_bridge_domain_arp_entry(self._test,
-                                            self.bd.bd_id,
-                                            self.mac,
-                                            self.ip)
+        return find_bridge_domain_arp_entry(
+            self._test, self.bd.bd_id, self.mac, self.ip
+        )
 
     def object_id(self):
         return "BD-Arp-Entry-%s-%s-%s" % (self.bd, self.mac, self.ip)
 
 
 class VppL2FibEntry(VppObject):
-
-    def __init__(self, test, bd, mac, itf,
-                 static_mac=0, filter_mac=0, bvi_mac=-1):
+    def __init__(self, test, bd, mac, itf, static_mac=0, filter_mac=0, bvi_mac=-1):
         self._test = test
         self.bd = bd
         self.mac = MACAddress(mac)
@@ -185,29 +188,26 @@ class VppL2FibEntry(VppObject):
             is_add=1,
             static_mac=self.static_mac,
             filter_mac=self.filter_mac,
-            bvi_mac=self.bvi_mac)
+            bvi_mac=self.bvi_mac,
+        )
         self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
         return self
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
         self._test.vapi.l2fib_add_del(
-            self.mac.packed,
-            self.bd.bd_id,
-            self.itf.sw_if_index,
-            is_add=0)
+            self.mac.packed, self.bd.bd_id, self.itf.sw_if_index, is_add=0
+        )
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
-        return find_l2_fib_entry(self._test,
-                                 self.bd.bd_id,
-                                 self.mac.packed,
-                                 self.itf.sw_if_index)
+        return find_l2_fib_entry(
+            self._test, self.bd.bd_id, self.mac.packed, self.itf.sw_if_index
+        )
 
     def object_id(self):
         return "L2-Fib-Entry-%s-%s-%s" % (self.bd, self.mac, self.itf)
 
 
 class VppL2Vtr(VppObject):
-
     def __init__(self, test, itf, op):
         self._test = test
         self.itf = itf
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ class VppL2Vtr(VppObject):
         d = self.itf.get_interface_config_from_dump(ds)
 
         if d is not None:
-            return (d.vtr_op == self.op)
+            return d.vtr_op == self.op
         return False
 
     def object_id(self):
diff --git a/test/vpp_lb.py b/test/vpp_lb.py
index d755cef70e5..56ae67b145f 100644
--- a/test/vpp_lb.py
+++ b/test/vpp_lb.py
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ import vpp_object
 
 
 class VppLbVip(vpp_object.VppObject):
-
     def __init__(self, test, pfx, sfx, port, protocol):
         self._test = test
         self.pfx = pfx
@@ -25,25 +24,21 @@ class VppLbVip(vpp_object.VppObject):
         self.protocol = protocol
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
-        self._test_vapi.lb_add_del_vip(pfx=self.pfx,
-                                       sfx=self.pfx,
-                                       port=self.port,
-                                       protocol=self.protocol)
+        self._test_vapi.lb_add_del_vip(
+            pfx=self.pfx, sfx=self.pfx, port=self.port, protocol=self.protocol
+        )
 
         self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
-        self._test.vapi.lb_add_del_vip(pfx=self.pfx,
-                                       sfx=self.pfx,
-                                       port=self.port,
-                                       protocol=self.protocol,
-                                       is_del=1)
+        self._test.vapi.lb_add_del_vip(
+            pfx=self.pfx, sfx=self.pfx, port=self.port, protocol=self.protocol, is_del=1
+        )
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
-        details = self._test.vapi.lb_add_del_vip(fx=self.pfx,
-                                                 sfx=self.pfx,
-                                                 port=self.port,
-                                                 protocol=self.protocol)
+        details = self._test.vapi.lb_add_del_vip(
+            fx=self.pfx, sfx=self.pfx, port=self.port, protocol=self.protocol
+        )
         return True if self == details else False
 
 
@@ -60,25 +55,28 @@ class VppLbAs(vpp_object.VppObject):
         self.is_flush = is_flush
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
-        self._test_vapi.lb_add_del_as(pfx=self.pfx,
-                                      port=self.port,
-                                      protocol=self.protocol,
-                                      app_srv=self.app_srv,
-                                      is_flush=self.is_flush,
-                                      )
+        self._test_vapi.lb_add_del_as(
+            pfx=self.pfx,
+            port=self.port,
+            protocol=self.protocol,
+            app_srv=self.app_srv,
+            is_flush=self.is_flush,
+        )
 
         self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
-        self._test.vapi.lb_add_del_as(pfx=self.pfx,
-                                      port=self.port,
-                                      protocol=self.protocol,
-                                      app_srv=self.app_srv,
-                                      is_flush=self.is_flush,
-                                      is_del=1)
+        self._test.vapi.lb_add_del_as(
+            pfx=self.pfx,
+            port=self.port,
+            protocol=self.protocol,
+            app_srv=self.app_srv,
+            is_flush=self.is_flush,
+            is_del=1,
+        )
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
-        details = self._test.vapi.lb_as_dump(pfx=self.pfx,
-                                             port=self.port,
-                                             protocol=self.protocol)
+        details = self._test.vapi.lb_as_dump(
+            pfx=self.pfx, port=self.port, protocol=self.protocol
+        )
         return True if self == details else False
diff --git a/test/vpp_lo_interface.py b/test/vpp_lo_interface.py
index 36f56bed8d7..9478689811d 100644
--- a/test/vpp_lo_interface.py
+++ b/test/vpp_lo_interface.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ class VppLoInterface(VppInterface, VppObject):
     """VPP loopback interface."""
 
     def __init__(self, test):
-        """ Create VPP loopback interface """
+        """Create VPP loopback interface"""
         super(VppLoInterface, self).__init__(test)
         self.add_vpp_config()
 
diff --git a/test/vpp_memif.py b/test/vpp_memif.py
index 226f8af72b5..6a97c2b9884 100644
--- a/test/vpp_memif.py
+++ b/test/vpp_memif.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from vpp_papi import VppEnum
 
 def get_if_dump(dump, sw_if_index):
     for d in dump:
-        if (d.sw_if_index == sw_if_index):
+        if d.sw_if_index == sw_if_index:
             return d
 
 
@@ -22,13 +22,11 @@ def remove_all_memif_vpp_config(_test):
     dump = _test.vapi.memif_socket_filename_dump()
     for d in dump:
         if d.socket_id != 0:
-            _test.vapi.memif_socket_filename_add_del(
-                0, d.socket_id, d.socket_filename)
+            _test.vapi.memif_socket_filename_add_del(0, d.socket_id, d.socket_filename)
 
 
 class VppSocketFilename(VppObject):
-    def __init__(self, test, socket_id, socket_filename,
-                 add_default_folder=False):
+    def __init__(self, test, socket_id, socket_filename, add_default_folder=False):
         self._test = test
         self.socket_id = socket_id
         self.socket_filename = socket_filename
@@ -39,15 +37,16 @@ class VppSocketFilename(VppObject):
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
         rv = self._test.vapi.memif_socket_filename_add_del(
-            1, self.socket_id, self.socket_filename)
+            1, self.socket_id, self.socket_filename
+        )
         if self.add_default_folder:
-            self.socket_filename = "%s/%s" % (self._test.tempdir,
-                                              self.socket_filename)
+            self.socket_filename = "%s/%s" % (self._test.tempdir, self.socket_filename)
         return rv
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
         return self._test.vapi.memif_socket_filename_add_del(
-            0, self.socket_id, self.socket_filename)
+            0, self.socket_id, self.socket_filename
+        )
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
         return self._test.vapi.memif_socket_filename_dump()
@@ -57,9 +56,20 @@ class VppSocketFilename(VppObject):
 
 
 class VppMemif(VppObject):
-    def __init__(self, test, role, mode, rx_queues=0, tx_queues=0, if_id=0,
-                 socket_id=0, secret="", ring_size=0, buffer_size=0,
-                 hw_addr=""):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        test,
+        role,
+        mode,
+        rx_queues=0,
+        tx_queues=0,
+        if_id=0,
+        socket_id=0,
+        secret="",
+        ring_size=0,
+        buffer_size=0,
+        hw_addr="",
+    ):
         self._test = test
         self.role = role
         self.mode = mode
@@ -72,9 +82,9 @@ class VppMemif(VppObject):
         self.buffer_size = buffer_size
         self.hw_addr = hw_addr
         self.sw_if_index = None
-        self.ip_prefix = IPv4Network("192.168.%d.%d/24" %
-                                     (self.if_id + 1, self.role + 1),
-                                     strict=False)
+        self.ip_prefix = IPv4Network(
+            "192.168.%d.%d/24" % (self.if_id + 1, self.role + 1), strict=False
+        )
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
         rv = self._test.vapi.memif_create(
@@ -87,7 +97,8 @@ class VppMemif(VppObject):
             secret=self.secret,
             ring_size=self.ring_size,
             buffer_size=self.buffer_size,
-            hw_addr=self.hw_addr)
+            hw_addr=self.hw_addr,
+        )
         try:
             self.sw_if_index = rv.sw_if_index
         except AttributeError:
@@ -99,12 +110,14 @@ class VppMemif(VppObject):
     def admin_up(self):
         if self.sw_if_index:
             return self._test.vapi.sw_interface_set_flags(
-                sw_if_index=self.sw_if_index, flags=1)
+                sw_if_index=self.sw_if_index, flags=1
+            )
 
     def admin_down(self):
         if self.sw_if_index:
             return self._test.vapi.sw_interface_set_flags(
-                sw_if_index=self.sw_if_index, flags=0)
+                sw_if_index=self.sw_if_index, flags=0
+            )
 
     def wait_for_link_up(self, timeout, step=1):
         if not self.sw_if_index:
@@ -121,7 +134,8 @@ class VppMemif(VppObject):
 
     def config_ip4(self):
         return self._test.vapi.sw_interface_add_del_address(
-            sw_if_index=self.sw_if_index, prefix=self.ip_prefix)
+            sw_if_index=self.sw_if_index, prefix=self.ip_prefix
+        )
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
         self._test.vapi.memif_delete(self.sw_if_index)
diff --git a/test/vpp_mpls_tunnel_interface.py b/test/vpp_mpls_tunnel_interface.py
index 598936136ad..6c8941a3f19 100644
--- a/test/vpp_mpls_tunnel_interface.py
+++ b/test/vpp_mpls_tunnel_interface.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 from vpp_interface import VppInterface
 
 
@@ -8,7 +7,7 @@ class VppMPLSTunnelInterface(VppInterface):
     """
 
     def __init__(self, test, paths, is_multicast=0, is_l2=0):
-        """ Create MPLS Tunnel interface """
+        """Create MPLS Tunnel interface"""
         super(VppMPLSTunnelInterface, self).__init__(test)
         self.t_paths = paths
         self.is_multicast = is_multicast
@@ -19,28 +18,29 @@ class VppMPLSTunnelInterface(VppInterface):
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
         reply = self.test.vapi.mpls_tunnel_add_del(
-            0xffffffff,
+            0xFFFFFFFF,
             self.encoded_paths,
             is_multicast=self.is_multicast,
-            l2_only=self.is_l2)
+            l2_only=self.is_l2,
+        )
         self.set_sw_if_index(reply.sw_if_index)
         self.tunnel_index = reply.tunnel_index
         self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
         reply = self.test.vapi.mpls_tunnel_add_del(
-            self.sw_if_index,
-            self.encoded_paths,
-            is_add=0)
+            self.sw_if_index, self.encoded_paths, is_add=0
+        )
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
         dump = self._test.vapi.mpls_tunnel_dump()
         for t in dump:
-            if self.sw_if_index == t.mt_tunnel.mt_sw_if_index and \
-               self.tunnel_index == t.mt_tunnel.mt_tunnel_index:
+            if (
+                self.sw_if_index == t.mt_tunnel.mt_sw_if_index
+                and self.tunnel_index == t.mt_tunnel.mt_tunnel_index
+            ):
                 return True
         return False
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return ("mpls-tunnel%d-%d" % (self.tunnel_index,
-                                      self.sw_if_index))
+        return "mpls-tunnel%d-%d" % (self.tunnel_index, self.sw_if_index)
diff --git a/test/vpp_neighbor.py b/test/vpp_neighbor.py
index 9ba87005c46..d7940266605 100644
--- a/test/vpp_neighbor.py
+++ b/test/vpp_neighbor.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 from ipaddress import ip_address
 from vpp_object import VppObject
 from vpp_papi import mac_pton, VppEnum
+
 try:
     text_type = unicode
 except NameError:
@@ -16,13 +17,14 @@ except NameError:
 def find_nbr(test, sw_if_index, nbr_addr, is_static=0, mac=None):
     ip_addr = ip_address(text_type(nbr_addr))
     e = VppEnum.vl_api_ip_neighbor_flags_t
-    nbrs = test.vapi.ip_neighbor_dump(sw_if_index=sw_if_index,
-                                      af=ip_addr.vapi_af)
+    nbrs = test.vapi.ip_neighbor_dump(sw_if_index=sw_if_index, af=ip_addr.vapi_af)
 
     for n in nbrs:
-        if sw_if_index == n.neighbor.sw_if_index and \
-           ip_addr == n.neighbor.ip_address and \
-           is_static == (n.neighbor.flags & e.IP_API_NEIGHBOR_FLAG_STATIC):
+        if (
+            sw_if_index == n.neighbor.sw_if_index
+            and ip_addr == n.neighbor.ip_address
+            and is_static == (n.neighbor.flags & e.IP_API_NEIGHBOR_FLAG_STATIC)
+        ):
             if mac:
                 if mac == str(n.neighbor.mac_address):
                     return True
@@ -36,8 +38,15 @@ class VppNeighbor(VppObject):
     ARP Entry
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, test, sw_if_index, mac_addr, nbr_addr,
-                 is_static=False, is_no_fib_entry=False):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        test,
+        sw_if_index,
+        mac_addr,
+        nbr_addr,
+        is_static=False,
+        is_no_fib_entry=False,
+    ):
         self._test = test
         self.sw_if_index = sw_if_index
         self.mac_addr = mac_addr
@@ -52,35 +61,26 @@ class VppNeighbor(VppObject):
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
         r = self._test.vapi.ip_neighbor_add_del(
-            self.sw_if_index,
-            self.mac_addr,
-            self.nbr_addr,
-            is_add=1,
-            flags=self.flags)
+            self.sw_if_index, self.mac_addr, self.nbr_addr, is_add=1, flags=self.flags
+        )
         self.stats_index = r.stats_index
         self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
         return self
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
         self._test.vapi.ip_neighbor_add_del(
-            self.sw_if_index,
-            self.mac_addr,
-            self.nbr_addr,
-            is_add=0,
-            flags=self.flags)
+            self.sw_if_index, self.mac_addr, self.nbr_addr, is_add=0, flags=self.flags
+        )
 
     def is_static(self):
         e = VppEnum.vl_api_ip_neighbor_flags_t
-        return (self.flags & e.IP_API_NEIGHBOR_FLAG_STATIC)
+        return self.flags & e.IP_API_NEIGHBOR_FLAG_STATIC
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
-        return find_nbr(self._test,
-                        self.sw_if_index,
-                        self.nbr_addr,
-                        self.is_static())
+        return find_nbr(self._test, self.sw_if_index, self.nbr_addr, self.is_static())
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return ("%d:%s" % (self.sw_if_index, self.nbr_addr))
+        return "%d:%s" % (self.sw_if_index, self.nbr_addr)
 
     def get_stats(self):
         c = self._test.statistics["/net/adjacency"]
diff --git a/test/vpp_object.py b/test/vpp_object.py
index 8dd2afac97c..d3652b1b62c 100644
--- a/test/vpp_object.py
+++ b/test/vpp_object.py
@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ import abc
 
 
 class VppObject(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
-    """ Abstract vpp object """
+    """Abstract vpp object"""
 
     @abc.abstractmethod
     def add_vpp_config(self) -> None:
-        """ Add the configuration for this object to vpp. """
+        """Add the configuration for this object to vpp."""
         pass
 
     @abc.abstractmethod
@@ -20,18 +20,18 @@ class VppObject(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
 
     @abc.abstractmethod
     def remove_vpp_config(self) -> None:
-        """ Remove the configuration for this object from vpp. """
+        """Remove the configuration for this object from vpp."""
         pass
 
     def object_id(self) -> str:
-        """ Return a unique string representing this object. """
+        """Return a unique string representing this object."""
         return "Undefined. for <%s %s>" % (self.__class__.__name__, id(self))
 
     def __str__(self) -> str:
         return self.object_id()
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return '<%s>' % self.object_id()
+        return "<%s>" % self.object_id()
 
     def __hash__(self) -> int:
         return hash(self.object_id())
@@ -49,7 +49,8 @@ class VppObject(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
 
 
 class VppObjectRegistry:
-    """ Class which handles automatic configuration cleanup. """
+    """Class which handles automatic configuration cleanup."""
+
     _shared_state = {}
 
     def __init__(self) -> None:
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ class VppObjectRegistry:
             self._object_dict = dict()
 
     def register(self, obj: VppObject, logger) -> None:
-        """ Register an object in the registry. """
+        """Register an object in the registry."""
         if obj.object_id() not in self._object_dict:
             self._object_registry.append(obj)
             self._object_dict[obj.object_id()] = obj
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ class VppObjectRegistry:
             logger.debug("REG: duplicate add, ignoring (%s)" % obj)
 
     def unregister_all(self, logger) -> None:
-        """ Remove all object registrations from registry. """
+        """Remove all object registrations from registry."""
         logger.debug("REG: removing all object registrations")
         self._object_registry = []
         self._object_dict = dict()
@@ -93,12 +94,14 @@ class VppObjectRegistry:
                     failed.append(obj)
             else:
                 logger.info(
-                    "REG: Skipping removal for %s, configuration not present" %
-                    obj)
+                    "REG: Skipping removal for %s, configuration not present" % obj
+                )
         self.unregister_all(logger)
         if failed:
             logger.error("REG: Couldn't remove configuration for object(s):")
             for obj in failed:
                 logger.error(repr(obj))
-            raise Exception("Couldn't remove configuration for object(s): %s" %
-                            (", ".join(str(x) for x in failed)))
+            raise Exception(
+                "Couldn't remove configuration for object(s): %s"
+                % (", ".join(str(x) for x in failed))
+            )
diff --git a/test/vpp_papi_exceptions.py b/test/vpp_papi_exceptions.py
index 2f7da963f70..611e5a3845d 100644
--- a/test/vpp_papi_exceptions.py
+++ b/test/vpp_papi_exceptions.py
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 class CliFailedCommandError(Exception):
-    """ cli command failed."""
+    """cli command failed."""
 
 
 class CliSyntaxError(Exception):
-    """ cli command had a syntax error."""
+    """cli command had a syntax error."""
 
 
 class UnexpectedApiReturnValueError(Exception):
-    """ exception raised when the API return value is unexpected """
+    """exception raised when the API return value is unexpected"""
 
     def __init__(self, retval, message):
         self.retval = retval
diff --git a/test/vpp_papi_provider.py b/test/vpp_papi_provider.py
index 9ff616c18e8..a4a3799f916 100644
--- a/test/vpp_papi_provider.py
+++ b/test/vpp_papi_provider.py
@@ -12,93 +12,215 @@ from six import moves, iteritems
 from config import config
 from vpp_papi import VPPApiClient
 from hook import Hook
-from vpp_papi_exceptions import CliFailedCommandError, CliSyntaxError,\
-    UnexpectedApiReturnValueError
+from vpp_papi_exceptions import (
+    CliFailedCommandError,
+    CliSyntaxError,
+    UnexpectedApiReturnValueError,
+)
 
 #
 # Dictionary keyed on message name to override default values for
 # named parameters
 #
 defaultmapping = {
-
-    'acl_interface_add_del': {'is_add': 1, 'is_input': 1},
-    'bd_ip_mac_add_del': {'is_add': 1, },
-    'bfd_udp_add': {'is_authenticated': False, 'bfd_key_id': None,
-                    'conf_key_id': None},
-    'bfd_udp_auth_activate': {'bfd_key_id': None, 'conf_key_id': None,
-                              'is_delayed': False},
-    'bier_disp_entry_add_del': {'next_hop_rpf_id': -1, 'next_hop_is_ip4': 1,
-                                'is_add': 1, },
-    'bier_disp_table_add_del': {'is_add': 1, },
-    'bier_imp_add': {'is_add': 1, },
-    'bier_route_add_del': {'is_add': 1, },
-    'bier_table_add_del': {'is_add': 1, },
-    'bridge_domain_add_del': {'flood': 1, 'uu_flood': 1, 'forward': 1,
-                              'learn': 1, 'is_add': 1, },
-    'bvi_delete': {},
-    'geneve_add_del_tunnel': {'mcast_sw_if_index': 4294967295, 'is_add': 1,
-                              'decap_next_index': 4294967295, },
-    'input_acl_set_interface': {'ip4_table_index': 4294967295,
-                                'ip6_table_index': 4294967295,
-                                'l2_table_index': 4294967295, },
-    'ip6_add_del_address_using_prefix': {'is_add': 1, },
-    'ip6nd_send_router_solicitation': {'irt': 1, 'mrt': 120, },
-    'ip_add_del_route': {'next_hop_sw_if_index': 4294967295,
-                         'next_hop_weight': 1, 'next_hop_via_label': 1048576,
-                         'classify_table_index': 4294967295, 'is_add': 1, },
-    'ip_mroute_add_del': {'is_add': 1, },
-    'ip_neighbor_add_del': {'is_add': 1, },
-    'ipsec_interface_add_del_spd': {'is_add': 1, },
-    'ipsec_spd_add_del': {'is_add': 1, },
-    'ipsec_spd_dump': {'sa_id': 4294967295, },
-    'ipsec_spd_entry_add_del': {'local_port_stop': 65535,
-                                'remote_port_stop': 65535, 'priority': 100,
-                                'is_outbound': 1,
-                                'is_add': 1, },
-    'ipsec_tunnel_if_add_del': {'is_add': 1, 'anti_replay': 1, },
-    'l2_emulation': {'enable': 1, },
-    'l2fib_add_del': {'is_add': 1, },
-    'lisp_add_del_adjacency': {'is_add': 1, },
-    'lisp_add_del_local_eid': {'is_add': 1, },
-    'lisp_add_del_locator': {'priority': 1, 'weight': 1, 'is_add': 1, },
-    'lisp_add_del_locator_set': {'is_add': 1, },
-    'lisp_add_del_remote_mapping': {'is_add': 1, },
-    'macip_acl_interface_add_del': {'is_add': 1, },
-    'mpls_ip_bind_unbind': {'is_ip4': 1, 'is_bind': 1, },
-    'mpls_route_add_del': {'mr_next_hop_sw_if_index': 4294967295,
-                           'mr_next_hop_weight': 1,
-                           'mr_next_hop_via_label': 1048576,
-                           'mr_is_add': 1,
-                           'mr_classify_table_index': 4294967295, },
-    'mpls_table_add_del': {'is_add': 1, },
-    'mpls_tunnel_add_del': {'next_hop_sw_if_index': 4294967295,
-                            'next_hop_weight': 1,
-                            'next_hop_via_label': 1048576,
-                            'is_add': 1, },
-    'output_acl_set_interface': {'ip4_table_index': 4294967295,
-                                 'ip6_table_index': 4294967295,
-                                 'l2_table_index': 4294967295, },
-    'pppoe_add_del_session': {'is_add': 1, },
-    'policer_add_del': {'is_add': 1, 'conform_action': {'type': 1}, },
-    'set_ipfix_exporter': {'collector_port': 4739, },
-    'sr_policy_add': {'weight': 1, 'is_encap': 1, },
-    'sw_interface_add_del_address': {'is_add': 1, },
-    'sw_interface_ip6nd_ra_prefix': {'val_lifetime': 4294967295,
-                                     'pref_lifetime': 4294967295, },
-    'sw_interface_set_ip_directed_broadcast': {'enable': 1, },
-    'sw_interface_set_l2_bridge': {'enable': 1, },
-    'sw_interface_set_mpls_enable': {'enable': 1, },
-    'sw_interface_set_mtu': {'mtu': [0, 0, 0, 0], },
-    'sw_interface_set_unnumbered': {'is_add': 1, },
-    'sw_interface_span_enable_disable': {'state': 1, },
-    'vxlan_add_del_tunnel': {'mcast_sw_if_index': 4294967295, 'is_add': 1,
-                             'decap_next_index': 4294967295,
-                             'instance': 4294967295, },
-    'want_bfd_events': {'enable_disable': 1, },
-    'want_igmp_events': {'enable': 1, },
-    'want_interface_events': {'enable_disable': 1, },
-    'want_l2_macs_events': {'enable_disable': 1, 'pid': os.getpid(), },
-    'want_l2_macs_events2': {'enable_disable': 1, 'pid': os.getpid(), },
+    "acl_interface_add_del": {"is_add": 1, "is_input": 1},
+    "bd_ip_mac_add_del": {
+        "is_add": 1,
+    },
+    "bfd_udp_add": {"is_authenticated": False, "bfd_key_id": None, "conf_key_id": None},
+    "bfd_udp_auth_activate": {
+        "bfd_key_id": None,
+        "conf_key_id": None,
+        "is_delayed": False,
+    },
+    "bier_disp_entry_add_del": {
+        "next_hop_rpf_id": -1,
+        "next_hop_is_ip4": 1,
+        "is_add": 1,
+    },
+    "bier_disp_table_add_del": {
+        "is_add": 1,
+    },
+    "bier_imp_add": {
+        "is_add": 1,
+    },
+    "bier_route_add_del": {
+        "is_add": 1,
+    },
+    "bier_table_add_del": {
+        "is_add": 1,
+    },
+    "bridge_domain_add_del": {
+        "flood": 1,
+        "uu_flood": 1,
+        "forward": 1,
+        "learn": 1,
+        "is_add": 1,
+    },
+    "bvi_delete": {},
+    "geneve_add_del_tunnel": {
+        "mcast_sw_if_index": 4294967295,
+        "is_add": 1,
+        "decap_next_index": 4294967295,
+    },
+    "input_acl_set_interface": {
+        "ip4_table_index": 4294967295,
+        "ip6_table_index": 4294967295,
+        "l2_table_index": 4294967295,
+    },
+    "ip6_add_del_address_using_prefix": {
+        "is_add": 1,
+    },
+    "ip6nd_send_router_solicitation": {
+        "irt": 1,
+        "mrt": 120,
+    },
+    "ip_add_del_route": {
+        "next_hop_sw_if_index": 4294967295,
+        "next_hop_weight": 1,
+        "next_hop_via_label": 1048576,
+        "classify_table_index": 4294967295,
+        "is_add": 1,
+    },
+    "ip_mroute_add_del": {
+        "is_add": 1,
+    },
+    "ip_neighbor_add_del": {
+        "is_add": 1,
+    },
+    "ipsec_interface_add_del_spd": {
+        "is_add": 1,
+    },
+    "ipsec_spd_add_del": {
+        "is_add": 1,
+    },
+    "ipsec_spd_dump": {
+        "sa_id": 4294967295,
+    },
+    "ipsec_spd_entry_add_del": {
+        "local_port_stop": 65535,
+        "remote_port_stop": 65535,
+        "priority": 100,
+        "is_outbound": 1,
+        "is_add": 1,
+    },
+    "ipsec_tunnel_if_add_del": {
+        "is_add": 1,
+        "anti_replay": 1,
+    },
+    "l2_emulation": {
+        "enable": 1,
+    },
+    "l2fib_add_del": {
+        "is_add": 1,
+    },
+    "lisp_add_del_adjacency": {
+        "is_add": 1,
+    },
+    "lisp_add_del_local_eid": {
+        "is_add": 1,
+    },
+    "lisp_add_del_locator": {
+        "priority": 1,
+        "weight": 1,
+        "is_add": 1,
+    },
+    "lisp_add_del_locator_set": {
+        "is_add": 1,
+    },
+    "lisp_add_del_remote_mapping": {
+        "is_add": 1,
+    },
+    "macip_acl_interface_add_del": {
+        "is_add": 1,
+    },
+    "mpls_ip_bind_unbind": {
+        "is_ip4": 1,
+        "is_bind": 1,
+    },
+    "mpls_route_add_del": {
+        "mr_next_hop_sw_if_index": 4294967295,
+        "mr_next_hop_weight": 1,
+        "mr_next_hop_via_label": 1048576,
+        "mr_is_add": 1,
+        "mr_classify_table_index": 4294967295,
+    },
+    "mpls_table_add_del": {
+        "is_add": 1,
+    },
+    "mpls_tunnel_add_del": {
+        "next_hop_sw_if_index": 4294967295,
+        "next_hop_weight": 1,
+        "next_hop_via_label": 1048576,
+        "is_add": 1,
+    },
+    "output_acl_set_interface": {
+        "ip4_table_index": 4294967295,
+        "ip6_table_index": 4294967295,
+        "l2_table_index": 4294967295,
+    },
+    "pppoe_add_del_session": {
+        "is_add": 1,
+    },
+    "policer_add_del": {
+        "is_add": 1,
+        "conform_action": {"type": 1},
+    },
+    "set_ipfix_exporter": {
+        "collector_port": 4739,
+    },
+    "sr_policy_add": {
+        "weight": 1,
+        "is_encap": 1,
+    },
+    "sw_interface_add_del_address": {
+        "is_add": 1,
+    },
+    "sw_interface_ip6nd_ra_prefix": {
+        "val_lifetime": 4294967295,
+        "pref_lifetime": 4294967295,
+    },
+    "sw_interface_set_ip_directed_broadcast": {
+        "enable": 1,
+    },
+    "sw_interface_set_l2_bridge": {
+        "enable": 1,
+    },
+    "sw_interface_set_mpls_enable": {
+        "enable": 1,
+    },
+    "sw_interface_set_mtu": {
+        "mtu": [0, 0, 0, 0],
+    },
+    "sw_interface_set_unnumbered": {
+        "is_add": 1,
+    },
+    "sw_interface_span_enable_disable": {
+        "state": 1,
+    },
+    "vxlan_add_del_tunnel": {
+        "mcast_sw_if_index": 4294967295,
+        "is_add": 1,
+        "decap_next_index": 4294967295,
+        "instance": 4294967295,
+    },
+    "want_bfd_events": {
+        "enable_disable": 1,
+    },
+    "want_igmp_events": {
+        "enable": 1,
+    },
+    "want_interface_events": {
+        "enable_disable": 1,
+    },
+    "want_l2_macs_events": {
+        "enable_disable": 1,
+        "pid": os.getpid(),
+    },
+    "want_l2_macs_events2": {
+        "enable_disable": 1,
+        "pid": os.getpid(),
+    },
 }
 
 
@@ -125,35 +247,37 @@ class VppPapiProvider(object):
         # calling the constructor.
         VPPApiClient.apidir = config.vpp_install_dir
 
-        self.vpp = VPPApiClient(logger=test_class.logger,
-                                read_timeout=read_timeout,
-                                use_socket=True,
-                                server_address=test_class.get_api_sock_path())
+        self.vpp = VPPApiClient(
+            logger=test_class.logger,
+            read_timeout=read_timeout,
+            use_socket=True,
+            server_address=test_class.get_api_sock_path(),
+        )
         self._events = queue.Queue()
 
     def __enter__(self):
         return self
 
     def assert_negative_api_retval(self):
-        """ Expect API failure - used with with, e.g.::
+        """Expect API failure - used with with, e.g.::
 
-                with self.vapi.assert_negative_api_retval():
-                    self.vapi.
+            with self.vapi.assert_negative_api_retval():
+                self.vapi.
 
-            ..
+        ..
         """
         self._expect_stack.append(self._expect_api_retval)
         self._expect_api_retval = self._negative
         return self
 
     def assert_zero_api_retval(self):
-        """ Expect API success - used with with, e.g.::
+        """Expect API success - used with with, e.g.::
 
-                with self.vapi.assert_negative_api_retval():
-                    self.vapi.
+            with self.vapi.assert_negative_api_retval():
+                self.vapi.
 
-            :note: this is useful only inside another with block
-                 as success is the default expected value
+        :note: this is useful only inside another with block
+             as success is the default expected value
         """
         self._expect_stack.append(self._expect_api_retval)
         self._expect_api_retval = self._zero
@@ -171,7 +295,7 @@ class VppPapiProvider(object):
         self.hook = hook
 
     def collect_events(self):
-        """ Collect all events from the internal queue and clear the queue. """
+        """Collect all events from the internal queue and clear the queue."""
         result = []
         while True:
             try:
@@ -182,26 +306,25 @@ class VppPapiProvider(object):
         return result
 
     def wait_for_event(self, timeout, name=None):
-        """ Wait for and return next event. """
+        """Wait for and return next event."""
         if name:
-            self.test_class.logger.debug("Expecting event '%s' within %ss",
-                                         name, timeout)
+            self.test_class.logger.debug(
+                "Expecting event '%s' within %ss", name, timeout
+            )
         else:
-            self.test_class.logger.debug("Expecting event within %ss",
-                                         timeout)
+            self.test_class.logger.debug("Expecting event within %ss", timeout)
         try:
             e = self._events.get(timeout=timeout)
         except queue.Empty:
             raise Exception("Event did not occur within timeout")
         msgname = type(e).__name__
         if name and msgname != name:
-            raise Exception("Unexpected event received: %s, expected: %s"
-                            % msgname)
+            raise Exception("Unexpected event received: %s, expected: %s" % msgname)
         self.test_class.logger.debug("Returning event %s:%s" % (name, e))
         return e
 
     def __call__(self, name, event):
-        """ Enqueue event in the internal event queue. """
+        """Enqueue event in the internal event queue."""
         self.test_class.logger.debug("New event: %s: %s" % (name, event))
         self._events.put(event)
 
@@ -255,7 +378,7 @@ class VppPapiProvider(object):
         self.vpp.disconnect()
 
     def api(self, api_fn, api_args, expected_retval=0):
-        """ Call API function and check it's return value.
+        """Call API function and check it's return value.
         Call the appropriate hooks before and after the API call
 
         :param api_fn: API function to call
@@ -267,32 +390,44 @@ class VppPapiProvider(object):
         self.hook.before_api(api_fn.__name__, api_args)
         reply = api_fn(**api_args)
         if self._expect_api_retval == self._negative:
-            if hasattr(reply, 'retval') and reply.retval >= 0:
-                msg = "%s(%s) passed unexpectedly: expected negative " \
-                      "return value instead of %d in %s" % \
-                      (api_fn.__name__, as_fn_signature(api_args),
-                       reply.retval,
-                       moves.reprlib.repr(reply))
+            if hasattr(reply, "retval") and reply.retval >= 0:
+                msg = (
+                    "%s(%s) passed unexpectedly: expected negative "
+                    "return value instead of %d in %s"
+                    % (
+                        api_fn.__name__,
+                        as_fn_signature(api_args),
+                        reply.retval,
+                        moves.reprlib.repr(reply),
+                    )
+                )
                 self.test_class.logger.info(msg)
                 raise UnexpectedApiReturnValueError(reply.retval, msg)
         elif self._expect_api_retval == self._zero:
-            if hasattr(reply, 'retval') and reply.retval != expected_retval:
-                msg = "%s(%s) failed, expected %d return value instead " \
-                      "of %d in %s" % (api_fn.__name__,
-                                       as_fn_signature(api_args),
-                                       expected_retval, reply.retval,
-                                       repr(reply))
+            if hasattr(reply, "retval") and reply.retval != expected_retval:
+                msg = (
+                    "%s(%s) failed, expected %d return value instead "
+                    "of %d in %s"
+                    % (
+                        api_fn.__name__,
+                        as_fn_signature(api_args),
+                        expected_retval,
+                        reply.retval,
+                        repr(reply),
+                    )
+                )
                 self.test_class.logger.info(msg)
                 raise UnexpectedApiReturnValueError(reply.retval, msg)
         else:
-            raise Exception("Internal error, unexpected value for "
-                            "self._expect_api_retval %s" %
-                            self._expect_api_retval)
+            raise Exception(
+                "Internal error, unexpected value for "
+                "self._expect_api_retval %s" % self._expect_api_retval
+            )
         self.hook.after_api(api_fn.__name__, api_args)
         return reply
 
     def cli_return_response(self, cli):
-        """ Execute a CLI, calling the before/after hooks appropriately.
+        """Execute a CLI, calling the before/after hooks appropriately.
         Return the reply without examining it
 
         :param cli: CLI to execute
@@ -300,13 +435,13 @@ class VppPapiProvider(object):
 
         """
         self.hook.before_cli(cli)
-        cli += '\n'
+        cli += "\n"
         r = self.papi.cli_inband(cmd=cli)
         self.hook.after_cli(cli)
         return r
 
     def cli(self, cli):
-        """ Execute a CLI, calling the before/after hooks appropriately.
+        """Execute a CLI, calling the before/after hooks appropriately.
 
         :param cli: CLI to execute
         :returns: CLI output
@@ -317,35 +452,43 @@ class VppPapiProvider(object):
             raise CliSyntaxError(r.reply)
         if r.retval != 0:
             raise CliFailedCommandError(r.reply)
-        if hasattr(r, 'reply'):
+        if hasattr(r, "reply"):
             return r.reply
 
     def ppcli(self, cli):
-        """ Helper method to print CLI command in case of info logging level.
+        """Helper method to print CLI command in case of info logging level.
 
         :param cli: CLI to execute
         :returns: CLI output
         """
         return cli + "\n" + self.cli(cli)
 
-    def ip6nd_send_router_solicitation(self, sw_if_index, irt=1, mrt=120,
-                                       mrc=0, mrd=0):
-        return self.api(self.papi.ip6nd_send_router_solicitation,
-                        {'irt': irt,
-                         'mrt': mrt,
-                         'mrc': mrc,
-                         'mrd': mrd,
-                         'sw_if_index': sw_if_index})
+    def ip6nd_send_router_solicitation(self, sw_if_index, irt=1, mrt=120, mrc=0, mrd=0):
+        return self.api(
+            self.papi.ip6nd_send_router_solicitation,
+            {
+                "irt": irt,
+                "mrt": mrt,
+                "mrc": mrc,
+                "mrd": mrd,
+                "sw_if_index": sw_if_index,
+            },
+        )
 
     def want_interface_events(self, enable_disable=1):
-        return self.api(self.papi.want_interface_events,
-                        {'enable_disable': enable_disable,
-                         'pid': os.getpid(), })
+        return self.api(
+            self.papi.want_interface_events,
+            {
+                "enable_disable": enable_disable,
+                "pid": os.getpid(),
+            },
+        )
 
     def sw_interface_set_mac_address(self, sw_if_index, mac):
-        return self.api(self.papi.sw_interface_set_mac_address,
-                        {'sw_if_index': sw_if_index,
-                         'mac_address': mac})
+        return self.api(
+            self.papi.sw_interface_set_mac_address,
+            {"sw_if_index": sw_if_index, "mac_address": mac},
+        )
 
     def p2p_ethernet_add(self, sw_if_index, remote_mac, subif_id):
         """Create p2p ethernet subinterface
@@ -356,9 +499,12 @@ class VppPapiProvider(object):
         """
         return self.api(
             self.papi.p2p_ethernet_add,
-            {'parent_if_index': sw_if_index,
-             'remote_mac': remote_mac,
-             'subif_id': subif_id})
+            {
+                "parent_if_index": sw_if_index,
+                "remote_mac": remote_mac,
+                "subif_id": subif_id,
+            },
+        )
 
     def p2p_ethernet_del(self, sw_if_index, remote_mac):
         """Delete p2p ethernet subinterface
@@ -369,8 +515,8 @@ class VppPapiProvider(object):
         """
         return self.api(
             self.papi.p2p_ethernet_del,
-            {'parent_if_index': sw_if_index,
-             'remote_mac': remote_mac})
+            {"parent_if_index": sw_if_index, "remote_mac": remote_mac},
+        )
 
     def create_vlan_subif(self, sw_if_index, vlan):
         """
@@ -379,42 +525,32 @@ class VppPapiProvider(object):
         :param sw_if_index:
 
         """
-        return self.api(self.papi.create_vlan_subif,
-                        {'sw_if_index': sw_if_index,
-                         'vlan_id': vlan})
+        return self.api(
+            self.papi.create_vlan_subif, {"sw_if_index": sw_if_index, "vlan_id": vlan}
+        )
 
-    def create_loopback(self, mac=''):
+    def create_loopback(self, mac=""):
         """
 
         :param mac: (Optional)
         """
-        return self.api(self.papi.create_loopback,
-                        {'mac_address': mac})
+        return self.api(self.papi.create_loopback, {"mac_address": mac})
 
     def ip_route_dump(self, table_id, is_ip6=False):
-        return self.api(self.papi.ip_route_dump,
-                        {'table': {
-                            'table_id': table_id,
-                            'is_ip6': is_ip6
-                        }})
+        return self.api(
+            self.papi.ip_route_dump, {"table": {"table_id": table_id, "is_ip6": is_ip6}}
+        )
 
     def ip_route_v2_dump(self, table_id, is_ip6=False, src=0):
-        return self.api(self.papi.ip_route_v2_dump,
-                        {
-                            'src': src,
-                            'table': {
-                                'table_id': table_id,
-                                'is_ip6': is_ip6
-                            }
-                        })
+        return self.api(
+            self.papi.ip_route_v2_dump,
+            {"src": src, "table": {"table_id": table_id, "is_ip6": is_ip6}},
+        )
 
-    def ip_neighbor_add_del(self,
-                            sw_if_index,
-                            mac_address,
-                            ip_address,
-                            is_add=1,
-                            flags=0):
-        """ Add neighbor MAC to IPv4 or IPv6 address.
+    def ip_neighbor_add_del(
+        self, sw_if_index, mac_address, ip_address, is_add=1, flags=0
+    ):
+        """Add neighbor MAC to IPv4 or IPv6 address.
 
         :param sw_if_index:
         :param mac_address:
@@ -425,23 +561,18 @@ class VppPapiProvider(object):
         return self.api(
             self.papi.ip_neighbor_add_del,
             {
-                'is_add': is_add,
-                'neighbor': {
-                    'sw_if_index': sw_if_index,
-                    'flags': flags,
-                    'mac_address': mac_address,
-                    'ip_address': ip_address
-                }
-            }
+                "is_add": is_add,
+                "neighbor": {
+                    "sw_if_index": sw_if_index,
+                    "flags": flags,
+                    "mac_address": mac_address,
+                    "ip_address": ip_address,
+                },
+            },
         )
 
-    def udp_encap_add(self,
-                      src_ip,
-                      dst_ip,
-                      src_port,
-                      dst_port,
-                      table_id=0):
-        """ Add a GRE tunnel
+    def udp_encap_add(self, src_ip, dst_ip, src_port, dst_port, table_id=0):
+        """Add a GRE tunnel
         :param src_ip:
         :param dst_ip:
         :param src_port:
@@ -452,39 +583,34 @@ class VppPapiProvider(object):
         return self.api(
             self.papi.udp_encap_add,
             {
-                'udp_encap': {
-                    'src_ip': src_ip,
-                    'dst_ip': dst_ip,
-                    'src_port': src_port,
-                    'dst_port': dst_port,
-                    'table_id': table_id
+                "udp_encap": {
+                    "src_ip": src_ip,
+                    "dst_ip": dst_ip,
+                    "src_port": src_port,
+                    "dst_port": dst_port,
+                    "table_id": table_id,
                 }
-            })
+            },
+        )
 
     def udp_encap_del(self, id):
-        return self.api(self.papi.udp_encap_del, {'id': id})
+        return self.api(self.papi.udp_encap_del, {"id": id})
 
     def udp_encap_dump(self):
         return self.api(self.papi.udp_encap_dump, {})
 
     def want_udp_encap_stats(self, enable=1):
-        return self.api(self.papi.want_udp_encap_stats,
-                        {'enable': enable,
-                         'pid': os.getpid()})
+        return self.api(
+            self.papi.want_udp_encap_stats, {"enable": enable, "pid": os.getpid()}
+        )
 
     def mpls_route_dump(self, table_id):
-        return self.api(self.papi.mpls_route_dump,
-                        {'table': {
-                            'mt_table_id': table_id
-                        }})
+        return self.api(self.papi.mpls_route_dump, {"table": {"mt_table_id": table_id}})
 
     def mpls_table_dump(self):
         return self.api(self.papi.mpls_table_dump, {})
 
-    def mpls_table_add_del(
-            self,
-            table_id,
-            is_add=1):
+    def mpls_table_add_del(self, table_id, is_add=1):
         """
 
         :param table_id
@@ -494,82 +620,74 @@ class VppPapiProvider(object):
 
         return self.api(
             self.papi.mpls_table_add_del,
-            {'mt_table':
-             {
-                 'mt_table_id': table_id,
-             },
-             'mt_is_add': is_add})
+            {
+                "mt_table": {
+                    "mt_table_id": table_id,
+                },
+                "mt_is_add": is_add,
+            },
+        )
 
-    def mpls_route_add_del(self,
-                           table_id,
-                           label,
-                           eos,
-                           eos_proto,
-                           is_multicast,
-                           paths,
-                           is_add,
-                           is_multipath):
-        """ MPLS Route add/del """
+    def mpls_route_add_del(
+        self, table_id, label, eos, eos_proto, is_multicast, paths, is_add, is_multipath
+    ):
+        """MPLS Route add/del"""
         return self.api(
             self.papi.mpls_route_add_del,
-            {'mr_route':
-             {
-                 'mr_table_id': table_id,
-                 'mr_label': label,
-                 'mr_eos': eos,
-                 'mr_eos_proto': eos_proto,
-                 'mr_is_multicast': is_multicast,
-                 'mr_n_paths': len(paths),
-                 'mr_paths': paths,
-             },
-             'mr_is_add': is_add,
-             'mr_is_multipath': is_multipath})
+            {
+                "mr_route": {
+                    "mr_table_id": table_id,
+                    "mr_label": label,
+                    "mr_eos": eos,
+                    "mr_eos_proto": eos_proto,
+                    "mr_is_multicast": is_multicast,
+                    "mr_n_paths": len(paths),
+                    "mr_paths": paths,
+                },
+                "mr_is_add": is_add,
+                "mr_is_multipath": is_multipath,
+            },
+        )
 
-    def mpls_ip_bind_unbind(
-            self,
-            label,
-            prefix,
-            table_id=0,
-            ip_table_id=0,
-            is_bind=1):
-        """
-        """
+    def mpls_ip_bind_unbind(self, label, prefix, table_id=0, ip_table_id=0, is_bind=1):
+        """ """
         return self.api(
             self.papi.mpls_ip_bind_unbind,
-            {'mb_mpls_table_id': table_id,
-             'mb_label': label,
-             'mb_ip_table_id': ip_table_id,
-             'mb_is_bind': is_bind,
-             'mb_prefix': prefix})
+            {
+                "mb_mpls_table_id": table_id,
+                "mb_label": label,
+                "mb_ip_table_id": ip_table_id,
+                "mb_is_bind": is_bind,
+                "mb_prefix": prefix,
+            },
+        )
 
     def mpls_tunnel_add_del(
-            self,
-            tun_sw_if_index,
-            paths,
-            is_add=1,
-            l2_only=0,
-            is_multicast=0):
-        """
-        """
+        self, tun_sw_if_index, paths, is_add=1, l2_only=0, is_multicast=0
+    ):
+        """ """
         return self.api(
             self.papi.mpls_tunnel_add_del,
-            {'mt_is_add': is_add,
-             'mt_tunnel':
-             {
-                 'mt_sw_if_index': tun_sw_if_index,
-                 'mt_l2_only': l2_only,
-                 'mt_is_multicast': is_multicast,
-                 'mt_n_paths': len(paths),
-                 'mt_paths': paths,
-             }})
+            {
+                "mt_is_add": is_add,
+                "mt_tunnel": {
+                    "mt_sw_if_index": tun_sw_if_index,
+                    "mt_l2_only": l2_only,
+                    "mt_is_multicast": is_multicast,
+                    "mt_n_paths": len(paths),
+                    "mt_paths": paths,
+                },
+            },
+        )
 
     def input_acl_set_interface(
-            self,
-            is_add,
-            sw_if_index,
-            ip4_table_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
-            ip6_table_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
-            l2_table_index=0xFFFFFFFF):
+        self,
+        is_add,
+        sw_if_index,
+        ip4_table_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
+        ip6_table_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
+        l2_table_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
+    ):
         """
         :param is_add:
         :param sw_if_index:
@@ -580,19 +698,23 @@ class VppPapiProvider(object):
 
         return self.api(
             self.papi.input_acl_set_interface,
-            {'sw_if_index': sw_if_index,
-             'ip4_table_index': ip4_table_index,
-             'ip6_table_index': ip6_table_index,
-             'l2_table_index': l2_table_index,
-             'is_add': is_add})
+            {
+                "sw_if_index": sw_if_index,
+                "ip4_table_index": ip4_table_index,
+                "ip6_table_index": ip6_table_index,
+                "l2_table_index": l2_table_index,
+                "is_add": is_add,
+            },
+        )
 
     def output_acl_set_interface(
-            self,
-            is_add,
-            sw_if_index,
-            ip4_table_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
-            ip6_table_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
-            l2_table_index=0xFFFFFFFF):
+        self,
+        is_add,
+        sw_if_index,
+        ip4_table_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
+        ip6_table_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
+        l2_table_index=0xFFFFFFFF,
+    ):
         """
         :param is_add:
         :param sw_if_index:
@@ -603,50 +725,50 @@ class VppPapiProvider(object):
 
         return self.api(
             self.papi.output_acl_set_interface,
-            {'sw_if_index': sw_if_index,
-             'ip4_table_index': ip4_table_index,
-             'ip6_table_index': ip6_table_index,
-             'l2_table_index': l2_table_index,
-             'is_add': is_add})
+            {
+                "sw_if_index": sw_if_index,
+                "ip4_table_index": ip4_table_index,
+                "ip6_table_index": ip6_table_index,
+                "l2_table_index": l2_table_index,
+                "is_add": is_add,
+            },
+        )
 
     def set_ipfix_exporter(
-            self,
-            collector_address,
-            src_address,
-            path_mtu,
-            template_interval,
-            vrf_id=0,
-            collector_port=4739,
-            udp_checksum=0):
+        self,
+        collector_address,
+        src_address,
+        path_mtu,
+        template_interval,
+        vrf_id=0,
+        collector_port=4739,
+        udp_checksum=0,
+    ):
         return self.api(
             self.papi.set_ipfix_exporter,
             {
-                'collector_address': collector_address,
-                'collector_port': collector_port,
-                'src_address': src_address,
-                'vrf_id': vrf_id,
-                'path_mtu': path_mtu,
-                'template_interval': template_interval,
-                'udp_checksum': udp_checksum,
-            })
+                "collector_address": collector_address,
+                "collector_port": collector_port,
+                "src_address": src_address,
+                "vrf_id": vrf_id,
+                "path_mtu": path_mtu,
+                "template_interval": template_interval,
+                "udp_checksum": udp_checksum,
+            },
+        )
 
     def mfib_signal_dump(self):
         return self.api(self.papi.mfib_signal_dump, {})
 
     def ip_mroute_dump(self, table_id, is_ip6=False):
-        return self.api(self.papi.ip_mroute_dump,
-                        {'table': {
-                            'table_id': table_id,
-                            'is_ip6': is_ip6
-                        }})
+        return self.api(
+            self.papi.ip_mroute_dump,
+            {"table": {"table_id": table_id, "is_ip6": is_ip6}},
+        )
 
     def pppoe_add_del_session(
-            self,
-            client_ip,
-            client_mac,
-            session_id=0,
-            is_add=1,
-            decap_vrf_id=0):
+        self, client_ip, client_mac, session_id=0, is_add=1, decap_vrf_id=0
+    ):
         """
 
         :param is_add:  (Default value = 1)
@@ -657,139 +779,155 @@ class VppPapiProvider(object):
         :param decap_vrf_id:  (Default value = 0)
 
         """
-        return self.api(self.papi.pppoe_add_del_session,
-                        {'is_add': is_add,
-                         'session_id': session_id,
-                         'client_ip': client_ip,
-                         'decap_vrf_id': decap_vrf_id,
-                         'client_mac': client_mac})
+        return self.api(
+            self.papi.pppoe_add_del_session,
+            {
+                "is_add": is_add,
+                "session_id": session_id,
+                "client_ip": client_ip,
+                "decap_vrf_id": decap_vrf_id,
+                "client_mac": client_mac,
+            },
+        )
 
     def sr_mpls_policy_add(self, bsid, weight, type, segments):
-        return self.api(self.papi.sr_mpls_policy_add,
-                        {'bsid': bsid,
-                         'weight': weight,
-                         'is_spray': type,
-                         'n_segments': len(segments),
-                         'segments': segments})
+        return self.api(
+            self.papi.sr_mpls_policy_add,
+            {
+                "bsid": bsid,
+                "weight": weight,
+                "is_spray": type,
+                "n_segments": len(segments),
+                "segments": segments,
+            },
+        )
 
     def sr_mpls_policy_del(self, bsid):
-        return self.api(self.papi.sr_mpls_policy_del,
-                        {'bsid': bsid})
+        return self.api(self.papi.sr_mpls_policy_del, {"bsid": bsid})
 
-    def bier_table_add_del(self,
-                           bti,
-                           mpls_label,
-                           is_add=1):
-        """ BIER Table add/del """
+    def bier_table_add_del(self, bti, mpls_label, is_add=1):
+        """BIER Table add/del"""
         return self.api(
             self.papi.bier_table_add_del,
-            {'bt_tbl_id': {"bt_set": bti.set_id,
-                           "bt_sub_domain": bti.sub_domain_id,
-                           "bt_hdr_len_id": bti.hdr_len_id},
-             'bt_label': mpls_label,
-             'bt_is_add': is_add})
+            {
+                "bt_tbl_id": {
+                    "bt_set": bti.set_id,
+                    "bt_sub_domain": bti.sub_domain_id,
+                    "bt_hdr_len_id": bti.hdr_len_id,
+                },
+                "bt_label": mpls_label,
+                "bt_is_add": is_add,
+            },
+        )
 
     def bier_table_dump(self):
         return self.api(self.papi.bier_table_dump, {})
 
-    def bier_route_add_del(self,
-                           bti,
-                           bp,
-                           paths,
-                           is_add=1,
-                           is_replace=0):
-        """ BIER Route add/del """
+    def bier_route_add_del(self, bti, bp, paths, is_add=1, is_replace=0):
+        """BIER Route add/del"""
         return self.api(
             self.papi.bier_route_add_del,
             {
-                'br_route': {
-                    'br_tbl_id': {"bt_set": bti.set_id,
-                                  "bt_sub_domain": bti.sub_domain_id,
-                                  "bt_hdr_len_id": bti.hdr_len_id},
-                    'br_bp': bp,
-                    'br_n_paths': len(paths),
-                    'br_paths': paths,
+                "br_route": {
+                    "br_tbl_id": {
+                        "bt_set": bti.set_id,
+                        "bt_sub_domain": bti.sub_domain_id,
+                        "bt_hdr_len_id": bti.hdr_len_id,
+                    },
+                    "br_bp": bp,
+                    "br_n_paths": len(paths),
+                    "br_paths": paths,
                 },
-                'br_is_add': is_add,
-                'br_is_replace': is_replace
-            })
+                "br_is_add": is_add,
+                "br_is_replace": is_replace,
+            },
+        )
 
     def bier_route_dump(self, bti):
         return self.api(
             self.papi.bier_route_dump,
-            {'br_tbl_id': {"bt_set": bti.set_id,
-                           "bt_sub_domain": bti.sub_domain_id,
-                           "bt_hdr_len_id": bti.hdr_len_id}})
+            {
+                "br_tbl_id": {
+                    "bt_set": bti.set_id,
+                    "bt_sub_domain": bti.sub_domain_id,
+                    "bt_hdr_len_id": bti.hdr_len_id,
+                }
+            },
+        )
 
-    def bier_imp_add(self,
-                     bti,
-                     src,
-                     ibytes,
-                     is_add=1):
-        """ BIER Imposition Add """
+    def bier_imp_add(self, bti, src, ibytes, is_add=1):
+        """BIER Imposition Add"""
         return self.api(
             self.papi.bier_imp_add,
-            {'bi_tbl_id': {"bt_set": bti.set_id,
-                           "bt_sub_domain": bti.sub_domain_id,
-                           "bt_hdr_len_id": bti.hdr_len_id},
-             'bi_src': src,
-             'bi_n_bytes': len(ibytes),
-             'bi_bytes': ibytes})
+            {
+                "bi_tbl_id": {
+                    "bt_set": bti.set_id,
+                    "bt_sub_domain": bti.sub_domain_id,
+                    "bt_hdr_len_id": bti.hdr_len_id,
+                },
+                "bi_src": src,
+                "bi_n_bytes": len(ibytes),
+                "bi_bytes": ibytes,
+            },
+        )
 
     def bier_imp_del(self, bi_index):
-        """ BIER Imposition del """
-        return self.api(
-            self.papi.bier_imp_del,
-            {'bi_index': bi_index})
+        """BIER Imposition del"""
+        return self.api(self.papi.bier_imp_del, {"bi_index": bi_index})
 
     def bier_imp_dump(self):
         return self.api(self.papi.bier_imp_dump, {})
 
-    def bier_disp_table_add_del(self,
-                                bdti,
-                                is_add=1):
-        """ BIER Disposition Table add/del """
+    def bier_disp_table_add_del(self, bdti, is_add=1):
+        """BIER Disposition Table add/del"""
         return self.api(
             self.papi.bier_disp_table_add_del,
-            {'bdt_tbl_id': bdti,
-             'bdt_is_add': is_add})
+            {"bdt_tbl_id": bdti, "bdt_is_add": is_add},
+        )
 
     def bier_disp_table_dump(self):
         return self.api(self.papi.bier_disp_table_dump, {})
 
-    def bier_disp_entry_add_del(self,
-                                bdti,
-                                bp,
-                                payload_proto,
-                                next_hop_afi,
-                                next_hop,
-                                next_hop_tbl_id=0,
-                                next_hop_rpf_id=~0,
-                                next_hop_is_ip4=1,
-                                is_add=1):
-        """ BIER Route add/del """
+    def bier_disp_entry_add_del(
+        self,
+        bdti,
+        bp,
+        payload_proto,
+        next_hop_afi,
+        next_hop,
+        next_hop_tbl_id=0,
+        next_hop_rpf_id=~0,
+        next_hop_is_ip4=1,
+        is_add=1,
+    ):
+        """BIER Route add/del"""
         lstack = []
-        while (len(lstack) < 16):
+        while len(lstack) < 16:
             lstack.append({})
         return self.api(
             self.papi.bier_disp_entry_add_del,
-            {'bde_tbl_id': bdti,
-             'bde_bp': bp,
-             'bde_payload_proto': payload_proto,
-             'bde_n_paths': 1,
-             'bde_paths': [{'table_id': next_hop_tbl_id,
-                            'rpf_id': next_hop_rpf_id,
-                            'n_labels': 0,
-                            'label_stack': lstack}],
-             'bde_is_add': is_add})
+            {
+                "bde_tbl_id": bdti,
+                "bde_bp": bp,
+                "bde_payload_proto": payload_proto,
+                "bde_n_paths": 1,
+                "bde_paths": [
+                    {
+                        "table_id": next_hop_tbl_id,
+                        "rpf_id": next_hop_rpf_id,
+                        "n_labels": 0,
+                        "label_stack": lstack,
+                    }
+                ],
+                "bde_is_add": is_add,
+            },
+        )
 
     def bier_disp_entry_dump(self, bdti):
-        return self.api(
-            self.papi.bier_disp_entry_dump,
-            {'bde_tbl_id': bdti})
+        return self.api(self.papi.bier_disp_entry_dump, {"bde_tbl_id": bdti})
 
     def ipsec_spd_add_del(self, spd_id, is_add=1):
-        """ SPD add/del - Wrapper to add or del ipsec SPD
+        """SPD add/del - Wrapper to add or del ipsec SPD
         Sample CLI : 'ipsec spd add 1'
 
         :param spd_id - SPD ID to be created in the vpp . mandatory
@@ -798,8 +936,8 @@ class VppPapiProvider(object):
         :returns: reply from the API
         """
         return self.api(
-            self.papi.ipsec_spd_add_del, {
-                'spd_id': spd_id, 'is_add': is_add})
+            self.papi.ipsec_spd_add_del, {"spd_id": spd_id, "is_add": is_add}
+        )
 
     def ipsec_spds_dump(self):
         return self.api(self.papi.ipsec_spds_dump, {})
@@ -818,32 +956,39 @@ class VppPapiProvider(object):
         """
         return self.api(
             self.papi.ipsec_interface_add_del_spd,
-            {'spd_id': spd_id, 'sw_if_index': sw_if_index, 'is_add': is_add})
+            {"spd_id": spd_id, "sw_if_index": sw_if_index, "is_add": is_add},
+        )
 
     def ipsec_spd_interface_dump(self, spd_index=None):
-        return self.api(self.papi.ipsec_spd_interface_dump,
-                        {'spd_index': spd_index if spd_index else 0,
-                         'spd_index_valid': 1 if spd_index else 0})
+        return self.api(
+            self.papi.ipsec_spd_interface_dump,
+            {
+                "spd_index": spd_index if spd_index else 0,
+                "spd_index_valid": 1 if spd_index else 0,
+            },
+        )
 
-    def ipsec_spd_entry_add_del(self,
-                                spd_id,
-                                sa_id,
-                                local_address_start,
-                                local_address_stop,
-                                remote_address_start,
-                                remote_address_stop,
-                                local_port_start=0,
-                                local_port_stop=65535,
-                                remote_port_start=0,
-                                remote_port_stop=65535,
-                                protocol=0,
-                                policy=0,
-                                priority=100,
-                                is_outbound=1,
-                                is_add=1,
-                                is_ipv6=0,
-                                is_ip_any=0):
-        """ IPSEC policy SPD add/del   -
+    def ipsec_spd_entry_add_del(
+        self,
+        spd_id,
+        sa_id,
+        local_address_start,
+        local_address_stop,
+        remote_address_start,
+        remote_address_stop,
+        local_port_start=0,
+        local_port_stop=65535,
+        remote_port_start=0,
+        remote_port_stop=65535,
+        protocol=0,
+        policy=0,
+        priority=100,
+        is_outbound=1,
+        is_add=1,
+        is_ipv6=0,
+        is_ip_any=0,
+    ):
+        """IPSEC policy SPD add/del   -
                     Wrapper to configure ipsec SPD policy entries in VPP
 
         :param spd_id: SPD ID for the policy
@@ -867,130 +1012,144 @@ class VppPapiProvider(object):
         return self.api(
             self.papi.ipsec_spd_entry_add_del,
             {
-                'is_add': is_add,
-                'entry':
-                    {
-                        'spd_id': spd_id,
-                        'sa_id': sa_id,
-                        'local_address_start': local_address_start,
-                        'local_address_stop': local_address_stop,
-                        'remote_address_start': remote_address_start,
-                        'remote_address_stop': remote_address_stop,
-                        'local_port_start': local_port_start,
-                        'local_port_stop': local_port_stop,
-                        'remote_port_start': remote_port_start,
-                        'remote_port_stop': remote_port_stop,
-                        'protocol': protocol,
-                        'policy': policy,
-                        'priority': priority,
-                        'is_outbound': is_outbound,
-                    }
-            })
+                "is_add": is_add,
+                "entry": {
+                    "spd_id": spd_id,
+                    "sa_id": sa_id,
+                    "local_address_start": local_address_start,
+                    "local_address_stop": local_address_stop,
+                    "remote_address_start": remote_address_start,
+                    "remote_address_stop": remote_address_stop,
+                    "local_port_start": local_port_start,
+                    "local_port_stop": local_port_stop,
+                    "remote_port_start": remote_port_start,
+                    "remote_port_stop": remote_port_stop,
+                    "protocol": protocol,
+                    "policy": policy,
+                    "priority": priority,
+                    "is_outbound": is_outbound,
+                },
+            },
+        )
 
-    def ipsec_spd_dump(self, spd_id, sa_id=0xffffffff):
-        return self.api(self.papi.ipsec_spd_dump,
-                        {'spd_id': spd_id,
-                         'sa_id': sa_id})
+    def ipsec_spd_dump(self, spd_id, sa_id=0xFFFFFFFF):
+        return self.api(self.papi.ipsec_spd_dump, {"spd_id": spd_id, "sa_id": sa_id})
 
-    def ipsec_tunnel_if_add_del(self, local_ip, remote_ip, local_spi,
-                                remote_spi, crypto_alg, local_crypto_key,
-                                remote_crypto_key, integ_alg, local_integ_key,
-                                remote_integ_key, is_add=1, esn=0, salt=0,
-                                anti_replay=1, renumber=0,
-                                udp_encap=0, show_instance=0xffffffff):
+    def ipsec_tunnel_if_add_del(
+        self,
+        local_ip,
+        remote_ip,
+        local_spi,
+        remote_spi,
+        crypto_alg,
+        local_crypto_key,
+        remote_crypto_key,
+        integ_alg,
+        local_integ_key,
+        remote_integ_key,
+        is_add=1,
+        esn=0,
+        salt=0,
+        anti_replay=1,
+        renumber=0,
+        udp_encap=0,
+        show_instance=0xFFFFFFFF,
+    ):
         return self.api(
             self.papi.ipsec_tunnel_if_add_del,
             {
-                'local_ip': local_ip,
-                'remote_ip': remote_ip,
-                'local_spi': local_spi,
-                'remote_spi': remote_spi,
-                'crypto_alg': crypto_alg,
-                'local_crypto_key_len': len(local_crypto_key),
-                'local_crypto_key': local_crypto_key,
-                'remote_crypto_key_len': len(remote_crypto_key),
-                'remote_crypto_key': remote_crypto_key,
-                'integ_alg': integ_alg,
-                'local_integ_key_len': len(local_integ_key),
-                'local_integ_key': local_integ_key,
-                'remote_integ_key_len': len(remote_integ_key),
-                'remote_integ_key': remote_integ_key,
-                'is_add': is_add,
-                'esn': esn,
-                'anti_replay': anti_replay,
-                'renumber': renumber,
-                'show_instance': show_instance,
-                'udp_encap': udp_encap,
-                'salt': salt
-            })
+                "local_ip": local_ip,
+                "remote_ip": remote_ip,
+                "local_spi": local_spi,
+                "remote_spi": remote_spi,
+                "crypto_alg": crypto_alg,
+                "local_crypto_key_len": len(local_crypto_key),
+                "local_crypto_key": local_crypto_key,
+                "remote_crypto_key_len": len(remote_crypto_key),
+                "remote_crypto_key": remote_crypto_key,
+                "integ_alg": integ_alg,
+                "local_integ_key_len": len(local_integ_key),
+                "local_integ_key": local_integ_key,
+                "remote_integ_key_len": len(remote_integ_key),
+                "remote_integ_key": remote_integ_key,
+                "is_add": is_add,
+                "esn": esn,
+                "anti_replay": anti_replay,
+                "renumber": renumber,
+                "show_instance": show_instance,
+                "udp_encap": udp_encap,
+                "salt": salt,
+            },
+        )
 
     def ipsec_select_backend(self, protocol, index):
-        return self.api(self.papi.ipsec_select_backend,
-                        {'protocol': protocol, 'index': index})
+        return self.api(
+            self.papi.ipsec_select_backend, {"protocol": protocol, "index": index}
+        )
 
     def ipsec_backend_dump(self):
         return self.api(self.papi.ipsec_backend_dump, {})
 
-    def punt_socket_register(self, reg, pathname,
-                             header_version=1):
-        """ Register punt socket """
-        return self.api(self.papi.punt_socket_register,
-                        {'header_version': header_version,
-                         'punt': reg,
-                         'pathname': pathname})
+    def punt_socket_register(self, reg, pathname, header_version=1):
+        """Register punt socket"""
+        return self.api(
+            self.papi.punt_socket_register,
+            {"header_version": header_version, "punt": reg, "pathname": pathname},
+        )
 
     def punt_socket_deregister(self, reg):
-        """ Unregister punt socket """
-        return self.api(self.papi.punt_socket_deregister,
-                        {'punt': reg})
+        """Unregister punt socket"""
+        return self.api(self.papi.punt_socket_deregister, {"punt": reg})
 
     def igmp_enable_disable(self, sw_if_index, enable, host):
-        """ Enable/disable IGMP on a given interface """
-        return self.api(self.papi.igmp_enable_disable,
-                        {'enable': enable,
-                         'mode': host,
-                         'sw_if_index': sw_if_index})
+        """Enable/disable IGMP on a given interface"""
+        return self.api(
+            self.papi.igmp_enable_disable,
+            {"enable": enable, "mode": host, "sw_if_index": sw_if_index},
+        )
 
     def igmp_proxy_device_add_del(self, vrf_id, sw_if_index, add):
-        """ Add/del IGMP proxy device """
-        return self.api(self.papi.igmp_proxy_device_add_del,
-                        {'vrf_id': vrf_id, 'sw_if_index': sw_if_index,
-                         'add': add})
+        """Add/del IGMP proxy device"""
+        return self.api(
+            self.papi.igmp_proxy_device_add_del,
+            {"vrf_id": vrf_id, "sw_if_index": sw_if_index, "add": add},
+        )
 
     def igmp_proxy_device_add_del_interface(self, vrf_id, sw_if_index, add):
-        """ Add/del interface to/from IGMP proxy device """
-        return self.api(self.papi.igmp_proxy_device_add_del_interface,
-                        {'vrf_id': vrf_id, 'sw_if_index': sw_if_index,
-                         'add': add})
+        """Add/del interface to/from IGMP proxy device"""
+        return self.api(
+            self.papi.igmp_proxy_device_add_del_interface,
+            {"vrf_id": vrf_id, "sw_if_index": sw_if_index, "add": add},
+        )
 
     def igmp_listen(self, filter, sw_if_index, saddrs, gaddr):
-        """ Listen for new (S,G) on specified interface
+        """Listen for new (S,G) on specified interface
 
         :param enable: add/delas
         :param sw_if_index: interface sw index
         :param saddr: source ip4 addr
         :param gaddr: group ip4 addr
         """
-        return self.api(self.papi.igmp_listen,
-                        {
-                            'group':
-                                {
-                                    'filter': filter,
-                                    'sw_if_index': sw_if_index,
-                                    'n_srcs': len(saddrs),
-                                    'saddrs': saddrs,
-                                    'gaddr': gaddr
-                                }
-                        })
+        return self.api(
+            self.papi.igmp_listen,
+            {
+                "group": {
+                    "filter": filter,
+                    "sw_if_index": sw_if_index,
+                    "n_srcs": len(saddrs),
+                    "saddrs": saddrs,
+                    "gaddr": gaddr,
+                }
+            },
+        )
 
     def igmp_clear_interface(self, sw_if_index):
-        """ Remove all (S,G)s from specified interface
-            doesn't send IGMP report!
+        """Remove all (S,G)s from specified interface
+        doesn't send IGMP report!
         """
-        return self.api(
-            self.papi.igmp_clear_interface, {
-                'sw_if_index': sw_if_index})
+        return self.api(self.papi.igmp_clear_interface, {"sw_if_index": sw_if_index})
 
     def want_igmp_events(self, enable=1):
-        return self.api(self.papi.want_igmp_events, {'enable': enable,
-                                                     'pid': os.getpid()})
+        return self.api(
+            self.papi.want_igmp_events, {"enable": enable, "pid": os.getpid()}
+        )
diff --git a/test/vpp_pg_interface.py b/test/vpp_pg_interface.py
index 779eb0be6d9..2682774caab 100644
--- a/test/vpp_pg_interface.py
+++ b/test/vpp_pg_interface.py
@@ -13,20 +13,28 @@ from vpp_interface import VppInterface
 from vpp_papi import VppEnum
 
 from scapy.layers.l2 import Ether, ARP
-from scapy.layers.inet6 import IPv6, ICMPv6ND_NS, ICMPv6ND_NA,\
-    ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr, ICMPv6NDOptDstLLAddr, ICMPv6ND_RA, RouterAlert, \
-    IPv6ExtHdrHopByHop
+from scapy.layers.inet6 import (
+    IPv6,
+    ICMPv6ND_NS,
+    ICMPv6ND_NA,
+    ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr,
+    ICMPv6NDOptDstLLAddr,
+    ICMPv6ND_RA,
+    RouterAlert,
+    IPv6ExtHdrHopByHop,
+)
 from util import ppp, ppc, UnexpectedPacketError
 from scapy.utils6 import in6_getnsma, in6_getnsmac, in6_ismaddr
 
 
 class CaptureTimeoutError(Exception):
-    """ Exception raised if capture or packet doesn't appear within timeout """
+    """Exception raised if capture or packet doesn't appear within timeout"""
+
     pass
 
 
 def is_ipv6_misc(p):
-    """ Is packet one of uninteresting IPv6 broadcasts? """
+    """Is packet one of uninteresting IPv6 broadcasts?"""
     if p.haslayer(ICMPv6ND_RA):
         if in6_ismaddr(p[IPv6].dst):
             return True
@@ -72,10 +80,9 @@ class VppPGInterface(VppInterface):
         return self._out_path
 
     def get_in_path(self, worker):
-        """ pcap file path - injected packets"""
+        """pcap file path - injected packets"""
         if worker is not None:
-            return "%s/pg%u_wrk%u_in.pcap" % (self.test.tempdir, self.pg_index,
-                                              worker)
+            return "%s/pg%u_wrk%u_in.pcap" % (self.test.tempdir, self.pg_index, worker)
         return "%s/pg%u_in.pcap" % (self.test.tempdir, self.pg_index)
 
     @property
@@ -92,7 +99,10 @@ class VppPGInterface(VppInterface):
     def get_input_cli(self, nb_replays=None, worker=None):
         """return CLI string to load the injected packets"""
         input_cli = "packet-generator new pcap %s source pg%u name %s" % (
-            self.get_in_path(worker), self.pg_index, self.get_cap_name(worker))
+            self.get_in_path(worker),
+            self.pg_index,
+            self.get_cap_name(worker),
+        )
         if nb_replays is not None:
             return "%s limit %d" % (input_cli, nb_replays)
         if worker is not None:
@@ -114,7 +124,7 @@ class VppPGInterface(VppInterface):
         return v
 
     def __init__(self, test, pg_index, gso, gso_size, mode):
-        """ Create VPP packet-generator interface """
+        """Create VPP packet-generator interface"""
         super().__init__(test)
 
         r = test.vapi.pg_create_interface_v2(pg_index, gso, gso_size, mode)
@@ -130,9 +140,10 @@ class VppPGInterface(VppInterface):
         self._out_file = "pg%u_out.pcap" % self.pg_index
         self._out_path = self.test.tempdir + "/" + self._out_file
         self._capture_cli = "packet-generator capture pg%u pcap %s" % (
-            self.pg_index, self.out_path)
-        self._cap_name = "pcap%u-sw_if_index-%s" % (
-            self.pg_index, self.sw_if_index)
+            self.pg_index,
+            self.out_path,
+        )
+        self._cap_name = "pcap%u-sw_if_index-%s" % (self.pg_index, self.sw_if_index)
 
     def handle_old_pcap_file(self, path, counter):
         filename = os.path.basename(path)
@@ -149,22 +160,22 @@ class VppPGInterface(VppInterface):
         try:
 
             if os.path.isfile(path):
-                name = "%s/history.[timestamp:%f].[%s-counter:%04d].%s" % \
-                    (self.test.tempdir,
-                     time.time(),
-                     self.name,
-                     counter,
-                     filename)
+                name = "%s/history.[timestamp:%f].[%s-counter:%04d].%s" % (
+                    self.test.tempdir,
+                    time.time(),
+                    self.name,
+                    counter,
+                    filename,
+                )
                 self.test.logger.debug("Renaming %s->%s" % (path, name))
                 os.rename(path, name)
         except OSError:
-            self.test.logger.debug("OSError: Could not rename %s %s" %
-                                   (path, filename))
+            self.test.logger.debug("OSError: Could not rename %s %s" % (path, filename))
 
     def enable_capture(self):
-        """ Enable capture on this packet-generator interface
-            of at most n packets.
-            If n < 0, this is no limit
+        """Enable capture on this packet-generator interface
+        of at most n packets.
+        If n < 0, this is no limit
         """
         # disable the capture to flush the capture
         self.disable_capture()
@@ -177,16 +188,14 @@ class VppPGInterface(VppInterface):
         self.test.vapi.cli("%s disable" % self.capture_cli)
 
     def coalesce_enable(self):
-        """ Enable packet coalesce on this packet-generator interface"""
+        """Enable packet coalesce on this packet-generator interface"""
         self._coalesce_enabled = 1
-        self.test.vapi.pg_interface_enable_disable_coalesce(self.sw_if_index,
-                                                            1)
+        self.test.vapi.pg_interface_enable_disable_coalesce(self.sw_if_index, 1)
 
     def coalesce_disable(self):
-        """ Disable packet coalesce on this packet-generator interface"""
+        """Disable packet coalesce on this packet-generator interface"""
         self._coalesce_enabled = 0
-        self.test.vapi.pg_interface_enable_disable_coalesce(self.sw_if_index,
-                                                            0)
+        self.test.vapi.pg_interface_enable_disable_coalesce(self.sw_if_index, 0)
 
     def add_stream(self, pkts, nb_replays=None, worker=None):
         """
@@ -201,31 +210,31 @@ class VppPGInterface(VppInterface):
         self.test.vapi.cli(self.get_input_cli(nb_replays, worker))
 
     def generate_debug_aid(self, kind):
-        """ Create a hardlink to the out file with a counter and a file
+        """Create a hardlink to the out file with a counter and a file
         containing stack trace to ease debugging in case of multiple capture
-        files present. """
-        self.test.logger.debug("Generating debug aid for %s on %s" %
-                               (kind, self._name))
-        link_path, stack_path = ["%s/debug_%s_%s_%s.%s" %
-                                 (self.test.tempdir, self._name,
-                                  self._out_assert_counter, kind, suffix)
-                                 for suffix in ["pcap", "stack"]
-                                 ]
+        files present."""
+        self.test.logger.debug("Generating debug aid for %s on %s" % (kind, self._name))
+        link_path, stack_path = [
+            "%s/debug_%s_%s_%s.%s"
+            % (self.test.tempdir, self._name, self._out_assert_counter, kind, suffix)
+            for suffix in ["pcap", "stack"]
+        ]
         os.link(self.out_path, link_path)
         with open(stack_path, "w") as f:
             f.writelines(format_stack())
         self._out_assert_counter += 1
 
     def _get_capture(self, timeout, filter_out_fn=is_ipv6_misc):
-        """ Helper method to get capture and filter it """
+        """Helper method to get capture and filter it"""
         try:
             if not self.wait_for_capture_file(timeout):
                 return None
             output = rdpcap(self.out_path)
             self.test.logger.debug("Capture has %s packets" % len(output.res))
         except:
-            self.test.logger.debug("Exception in scapy.rdpcap (%s): %s" %
-                                   (self.out_path, format_exc()))
+            self.test.logger.debug(
+                "Exception in scapy.rdpcap (%s): %s" % (self.out_path, format_exc())
+            )
             return None
         before = len(output.res)
         if filter_out_fn:
@@ -233,13 +242,15 @@ class VppPGInterface(VppInterface):
         removed = before - len(output.res)
         if removed:
             self.test.logger.debug(
-                "Filtered out %s packets from capture (returning %s)" %
-                (removed, len(output.res)))
+                "Filtered out %s packets from capture (returning %s)"
+                % (removed, len(output.res))
+            )
         return output
 
-    def get_capture(self, expected_count=None, remark=None, timeout=1,
-                    filter_out_fn=is_ipv6_misc):
-        """ Get captured packets
+    def get_capture(
+        self, expected_count=None, remark=None, timeout=1, filter_out_fn=is_ipv6_misc
+    ):
+        """Get captured packets
 
         :param expected_count: expected number of packets to capture, if None,
                                then self.test.packet_count_for_dst_pg_idx is
@@ -255,15 +266,16 @@ class VppPGInterface(VppInterface):
         name = self.name if remark is None else "%s (%s)" % (self.name, remark)
         based_on = "based on provided argument"
         if expected_count is None:
-            expected_count = \
-                self.test.get_packet_count_for_if_idx(self.sw_if_index)
+            expected_count = self.test.get_packet_count_for_if_idx(self.sw_if_index)
             based_on = "based on stored packet_infos"
             if expected_count == 0:
                 raise Exception(
-                    "Internal error, expected packet count for %s is 0!" %
-                    name)
-        self.test.logger.debug("Expecting to capture %s (%s) packets on %s" % (
-            expected_count, based_on, name))
+                    "Internal error, expected packet count for %s is 0!" % name
+                )
+        self.test.logger.debug(
+            "Expecting to capture %s (%s) packets on %s"
+            % (expected_count, based_on, name)
+        )
         while remaining_time > 0:
             before = time.time()
             capture = self._get_capture(remaining_time, filter_out_fn)
@@ -273,14 +285,14 @@ class VppPGInterface(VppInterface):
                     # bingo, got the packets we expected
                     return capture
                 elif len(capture.res) > expected_count:
-                    self.test.logger.error(
-                        ppc("Unexpected packets captured:", capture))
+                    self.test.logger.error(ppc("Unexpected packets captured:", capture))
                     break
                 else:
-                    self.test.logger.debug("Partial capture containing %s "
-                                           "packets doesn't match expected "
-                                           "count %s (yet?)" %
-                                           (len(capture.res), expected_count))
+                    self.test.logger.debug(
+                        "Partial capture containing %s "
+                        "packets doesn't match expected "
+                        "count %s (yet?)" % (len(capture.res), expected_count)
+                    )
             elif expected_count == 0:
                 # bingo, got None as we expected - return empty capture
                 return PacketList()
@@ -290,26 +302,29 @@ class VppPGInterface(VppInterface):
             if len(capture) > 0 and 0 == expected_count:
                 rem = f"\n{remark}" if remark else ""
                 raise UnexpectedPacketError(
-                    capture[0],
-                    f"\n({len(capture)} packets captured in total){rem}")
-            raise Exception("Captured packets mismatch, captured %s packets, "
-                            "expected %s packets on %s" %
-                            (len(capture.res), expected_count, name))
+                    capture[0], f"\n({len(capture)} packets captured in total){rem}"
+                )
+            raise Exception(
+                "Captured packets mismatch, captured %s packets, "
+                "expected %s packets on %s" % (len(capture.res), expected_count, name)
+            )
         else:
             if 0 == expected_count:
                 return
             raise Exception("No packets captured on %s" % name)
 
-    def assert_nothing_captured(self, timeout=1, remark=None,
-                                filter_out_fn=is_ipv6_misc):
-        """ Assert that nothing unfiltered was captured on interface
+    def assert_nothing_captured(
+        self, timeout=1, remark=None, filter_out_fn=is_ipv6_misc
+    ):
+        """Assert that nothing unfiltered was captured on interface
 
         :param remark: remark printed into debug logs
         :param filter_out_fn: filter applied to each packet, packets for which
                               the filter returns True are removed from capture
         """
-        capture = self.get_capture(0, timeout=timeout, remark=remark,
-                                   filter_out_fn=filter_out_fn)
+        capture = self.get_capture(
+            0, timeout=timeout, remark=remark, filter_out_fn=filter_out_fn
+        )
         if not capture or len(capture.res) == 0:
             # junk filtered out, we're good
             return
@@ -322,7 +337,7 @@ class VppPGInterface(VppInterface):
         #
         # also have a 5-minute timeout just in case things go terribly wrong...
         deadline = time.time() + 300
-        while self.test.vapi.cli('show packet-generator').find("Yes") != -1:
+        while self.test.vapi.cli("show packet-generator").find("Yes") != -1:
             self._test.sleep(0.01)  # yield
             if time.time() > deadline:
                 self.test.logger.debug("Timeout waiting for pg to stop")
@@ -339,19 +354,21 @@ class VppPGInterface(VppInterface):
         self.wait_for_pg_stop()
         deadline = time.time() + timeout
         if not os.path.isfile(self.out_path):
-            self.test.logger.debug("Waiting for capture file %s to appear, "
-                                   "timeout is %ss" % (self.out_path, timeout))
+            self.test.logger.debug(
+                "Waiting for capture file %s to appear, "
+                "timeout is %ss" % (self.out_path, timeout)
+            )
         else:
-            self.test.logger.debug("Capture file %s already exists" %
-                                   self.out_path)
+            self.test.logger.debug("Capture file %s already exists" % self.out_path)
             return True
         while time.time() < deadline:
             if os.path.isfile(self.out_path):
                 break
             self._test.sleep(0)  # yield
         if os.path.isfile(self.out_path):
-            self.test.logger.debug("Capture file appeared after %fs" %
-                                   (time.time() - (deadline - timeout)))
+            self.test.logger.debug(
+                "Capture file appeared after %fs" % (time.time() - (deadline - timeout))
+            )
         else:
             self.test.logger.debug("Timeout - capture file still nowhere")
             return False
@@ -374,7 +391,8 @@ class VppPGInterface(VppInterface):
         if len(hdr) == packet_header_size:
             # parse the capture length - caplen
             sec, usec, caplen, wirelen = struct.unpack(
-                self._pcap_reader.endian + "IIII", hdr)
+                self._pcap_reader.endian + "IIII", hdr
+            )
             self._pcap_reader.f.seek(0, 2)  # seek to end of file
             end_pos = self._pcap_reader.f.tell()  # get position at end
             if end_pos >= orig_pos + len(hdr) + caplen:
@@ -394,19 +412,22 @@ class VppPGInterface(VppInterface):
         deadline = time.time() + timeout
         if self._pcap_reader is None:
             if not self.wait_for_capture_file(timeout):
-                raise CaptureTimeoutError("Capture file %s did not appear "
-                                          "within timeout" % self.out_path)
+                raise CaptureTimeoutError(
+                    "Capture file %s did not appear within timeout" % self.out_path
+                )
             while time.time() < deadline:
                 try:
                     self._pcap_reader = PcapReader(self.out_path)
                     break
                 except:
                     self.test.logger.debug(
-                        "Exception in scapy.PcapReader(%s): %s" %
-                        (self.out_path, format_exc()))
+                        "Exception in scapy.PcapReader(%s): %s"
+                        % (self.out_path, format_exc())
+                    )
         if not self._pcap_reader:
-            raise CaptureTimeoutError("Capture file %s did not appear within "
-                                      "timeout" % self.out_path)
+            raise CaptureTimeoutError(
+                "Capture file %s did not appear within timeout" % self.out_path
+            )
 
         poll = False
         if timeout > 0:
@@ -423,12 +444,14 @@ class VppPGInterface(VppInterface):
             if p is not None:
                 if filter_out_fn is not None and filter_out_fn(p):
                     self.test.logger.debug(
-                        "Packet received after %ss was filtered out" %
-                        (time.time() - (deadline - timeout)))
+                        "Packet received after %ss was filtered out"
+                        % (time.time() - (deadline - timeout))
+                    )
                 else:
                     self.test.logger.debug(
-                        "Packet received after %fs" %
-                        (time.time() - (deadline - timeout)))
+                        "Packet received after %fs"
+                        % (time.time() - (deadline - timeout))
+                    )
                     return p
             self._test.sleep(0)  # yield
             poll = False
@@ -437,9 +460,12 @@ class VppPGInterface(VppInterface):
 
     def create_arp_req(self):
         """Create ARP request applicable for this interface"""
-        return (Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.remote_mac) /
-                ARP(op=ARP.who_has, pdst=self.local_ip4,
-                    psrc=self.remote_ip4, hwsrc=self.remote_mac))
+        return Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff", src=self.remote_mac) / ARP(
+            op=ARP.who_has,
+            pdst=self.local_ip4,
+            psrc=self.remote_ip4,
+            hwsrc=self.remote_mac,
+        )
 
     def create_ndp_req(self, addr=None):
         """Create NDP - NS applicable for this interface"""
@@ -448,10 +474,12 @@ class VppPGInterface(VppInterface):
         nsma = in6_getnsma(inet_pton(socket.AF_INET6, addr))
         d = inet_ntop(socket.AF_INET6, nsma)
 
-        return (Ether(dst=in6_getnsmac(nsma)) /
-                IPv6(dst=d, src=self.remote_ip6) /
-                ICMPv6ND_NS(tgt=addr) /
-                ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr(lladdr=self.remote_mac))
+        return (
+            Ether(dst=in6_getnsmac(nsma))
+            / IPv6(dst=d, src=self.remote_ip6)
+            / ICMPv6ND_NS(tgt=addr)
+            / ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr(lladdr=self.remote_mac)
+        )
 
     def resolve_arp(self, pg_interface=None):
         """Resolve ARP using provided packet-generator interface
@@ -462,8 +490,10 @@ class VppPGInterface(VppInterface):
         """
         if pg_interface is None:
             pg_interface = self
-        self.test.logger.info("Sending ARP request for %s on port %s" %
-                              (self.local_ip4, pg_interface.name))
+        self.test.logger.info(
+            "Sending ARP request for %s on port %s"
+            % (self.local_ip4, pg_interface.name)
+        )
         arp_req = self.create_arp_req()
         pg_interface.add_stream(arp_req)
         pg_interface.enable_capture()
@@ -472,21 +502,21 @@ class VppPGInterface(VppInterface):
         try:
             captured_packet = pg_interface.wait_for_packet(1)
         except:
-            self.test.logger.info("No ARP received on port %s" %
-                                  pg_interface.name)
+            self.test.logger.info("No ARP received on port %s" % pg_interface.name)
             return
         arp_reply = captured_packet.copy()  # keep original for exception
         try:
             if arp_reply[ARP].op == ARP.is_at:
-                self.test.logger.info("VPP %s MAC address is %s " %
-                                      (self.name, arp_reply[ARP].hwsrc))
+                self.test.logger.info(
+                    "VPP %s MAC address is %s " % (self.name, arp_reply[ARP].hwsrc)
+                )
                 self._local_mac = arp_reply[ARP].hwsrc
             else:
-                self.test.logger.info("No ARP received on port %s" %
-                                      pg_interface.name)
+                self.test.logger.info("No ARP received on port %s" % pg_interface.name)
         except:
             self.test.logger.error(
-                ppp("Unexpected response to ARP request:", captured_packet))
+                ppp("Unexpected response to ARP request:", captured_packet)
+            )
             raise
 
     def resolve_ndp(self, pg_interface=None, timeout=1, link_layer=False):
@@ -502,8 +532,9 @@ class VppPGInterface(VppInterface):
         if pg_interface is None:
             pg_interface = self
         addr = self.local_ip6_ll if link_layer else self.local_ip6
-        self.test.logger.info("Sending NDP request for %s on port %s" %
-                              (addr, pg_interface.name))
+        self.test.logger.info(
+            "Sending NDP request for %s on port %s" % (addr, pg_interface.name)
+        )
         ndp_req = self.create_ndp_req(addr)
         pg_interface.add_stream(ndp_req)
         pg_interface.enable_capture()
@@ -516,25 +547,26 @@ class VppPGInterface(VppInterface):
         while now < deadline:
             try:
                 captured_packet = pg_interface.wait_for_packet(
-                    deadline - now, filter_out_fn=None)
+                    deadline - now, filter_out_fn=None
+                )
             except:
-                self.test.logger.error(
-                    "Timeout while waiting for NDP response")
+                self.test.logger.error("Timeout while waiting for NDP response")
                 raise
             ndp_reply = captured_packet.copy()  # keep original for exception
             try:
                 ndp_na = ndp_reply[ICMPv6ND_NA]
                 opt = ndp_na[ICMPv6NDOptDstLLAddr]
-                self.test.logger.info("VPP %s MAC address is %s " %
-                                      (self.name, opt.lladdr))
+                self.test.logger.info(
+                    "VPP %s MAC address is %s " % (self.name, opt.lladdr)
+                )
                 self._local_mac = opt.lladdr
                 self.test.logger.debug(self.test.vapi.cli("show trace"))
                 # we now have the MAC we've been after
                 return
             except:
                 self.test.logger.info(
-                    ppp("Unexpected response to NDP request:",
-                        captured_packet))
+                    ppp("Unexpected response to NDP request:", captured_packet)
+                )
             now = time.time()
 
         self.test.logger.debug(self.test.vapi.cli("show trace"))
diff --git a/test/vpp_policer.py b/test/vpp_policer.py
index 0f3b073d6e3..b0097b370e5 100644
--- a/test/vpp_policer.py
+++ b/test/vpp_policer.py
@@ -8,25 +8,36 @@ class Dir(Enum):
     TX = 1
 
 
-class PolicerAction():
-    """ sse2 qos action """
+class PolicerAction:
+    """sse2 qos action"""
 
     def __init__(self, type, dscp):
         self.type = type
         self.dscp = dscp
 
     def encode(self):
-        return {'type': self.type, 'dscp': self.dscp}
+        return {"type": self.type, "dscp": self.dscp}
 
 
 class VppPolicer(VppObject):
-    """ Policer """
+    """Policer"""
 
-    def __init__(self, test, name, cir, eir, commited_burst, excess_burst,
-                 rate_type=0, round_type=0, type=0, color_aware=False,
-                 conform_action=PolicerAction(1, 0),
-                 exceed_action=PolicerAction(0, 0),
-                 violate_action=PolicerAction(0, 0)):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        test,
+        name,
+        cir,
+        eir,
+        commited_burst,
+        excess_burst,
+        rate_type=0,
+        round_type=0,
+        type=0,
+        color_aware=False,
+        conform_action=PolicerAction(1, 0),
+        exceed_action=PolicerAction(0, 0),
+        violate_action=PolicerAction(0, 0),
+    ):
         self._test = test
         self.name = name
         self.cir = cir
@@ -48,13 +59,19 @@ class VppPolicer(VppObject):
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
         r = self._test.vapi.policer_add_del(
-            name=self.name, cir=self.cir,
-            eir=self.eir, cb=self.commited_burst, eb=self.excess_burst,
-            rate_type=self.rate_type, round_type=self.round_type,
-            type=self.type, color_aware=self.color_aware,
+            name=self.name,
+            cir=self.cir,
+            eir=self.eir,
+            cb=self.commited_burst,
+            eb=self.excess_burst,
+            rate_type=self.rate_type,
+            round_type=self.round_type,
+            type=self.type,
+            color_aware=self.color_aware,
             conform_action=self.conform_action.encode(),
             exceed_action=self.exceed_action.encode(),
-            violate_action=self.violate_action.encode())
+            violate_action=self.violate_action.encode(),
+        )
         self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
         self._policer_index = r.policer_index
         return self
@@ -64,27 +81,29 @@ class VppPolicer(VppObject):
         self._policer_index = INVALID_INDEX
 
     def bind_vpp_config(self, worker, bind):
-        self._test.vapi.policer_bind(name=self.name, worker_index=worker,
-                                     bind_enable=bind)
+        self._test.vapi.policer_bind(
+            name=self.name, worker_index=worker, bind_enable=bind
+        )
 
     def apply_vpp_config(self, if_index, dir: Dir, apply):
         if dir == Dir.RX:
             self._test.vapi.policer_input(
-                name=self.name, sw_if_index=if_index, apply=apply)
+                name=self.name, sw_if_index=if_index, apply=apply
+            )
         else:
             self._test.vapi.policer_output(
-                name=self.name, sw_if_index=if_index, apply=apply)
+                name=self.name, sw_if_index=if_index, apply=apply
+            )
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
-        dump = self._test.vapi.policer_dump(
-            match_name_valid=True, match_name=self.name)
+        dump = self._test.vapi.policer_dump(match_name_valid=True, match_name=self.name)
         for policer in dump:
             if policer.name == self.name:
                 return True
         return False
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return ("policer-%s" % (self.name))
+        return "policer-%s" % (self.name)
 
     def get_stats(self, worker=None):
         conform = self._test.statistics.get_counter("/net/policer/conform")
@@ -95,14 +114,14 @@ class VppPolicer(VppObject):
 
         total = {}
         for name, c in counters.items():
-            total[f'{name}_packets'] = 0
-            total[f'{name}_bytes'] = 0
+            total[f"{name}_packets"] = 0
+            total[f"{name}_bytes"] = 0
             for i in range(len(c)):
                 t = c[i]
                 if worker is not None and i != worker + 1:
                     continue
                 stat_index = self._policer_index
-                total[f'{name}_packets'] += t[stat_index]['packets']
-                total[f'{name}_bytes'] += t[stat_index]['bytes']
+                total[f"{name}_packets"] += t[stat_index]["packets"]
+                total[f"{name}_bytes"] += t[stat_index]["bytes"]
 
         return total
diff --git a/test/vpp_pppoe_interface.py b/test/vpp_pppoe_interface.py
index 505ac4c6425..0d5516eab60 100644
--- a/test/vpp_pppoe_interface.py
+++ b/test/vpp_pppoe_interface.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 from vpp_interface import VppInterface
 import socket
 from vpp_papi import mac_pton
@@ -9,9 +8,8 @@ class VppPppoeInterface(VppInterface):
     VPP Pppoe interface
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, test, client_ip, client_mac,
-                 session_id, decap_vrf_id=0):
-        """ Create VPP PPPoE4 interface """
+    def __init__(self, test, client_ip, client_mac, session_id, decap_vrf_id=0):
+        """Create VPP PPPoE4 interface"""
         super(VppPppoeInterface, self).__init__(test)
         self.client_ip = client_ip
         self.client_mac = client_mac
@@ -21,9 +19,11 @@ class VppPppoeInterface(VppInterface):
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
         r = self.test.vapi.pppoe_add_del_session(
-                self.client_ip, self.client_mac,
-                session_id=self.session_id,
-                decap_vrf_id=self.decap_vrf_id)
+            self.client_ip,
+            self.client_mac,
+            session_id=self.session_id,
+            decap_vrf_id=self.decap_vrf_id,
+        )
         self.set_sw_if_index(r.sw_if_index)
         self.vpp_sw_if_index = r.sw_if_index
         self.generate_remote_hosts()
@@ -31,12 +31,12 @@ class VppPppoeInterface(VppInterface):
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
         self.unconfig()
         self.test.vapi.pppoe_add_del_session(
-                self.client_ip, self.client_mac,
-                session_id=self.session_id,
-                decap_vrf_id=self.decap_vrf_id,
-                is_add=0)
+            self.client_ip,
+            self.client_mac,
+            session_id=self.session_id,
+            decap_vrf_id=self.decap_vrf_id,
+            is_add=0,
+        )
 
     def set_unnumbered(self, swif_iface):
-        self.test.vapi.sw_interface_set_unnumbered(
-            swif_iface,
-            self.vpp_sw_if_index)
+        self.test.vapi.sw_interface_set_unnumbered(swif_iface, self.vpp_sw_if_index)
diff --git a/test/vpp_qos.py b/test/vpp_qos.py
index a7fa9e748aa..a7374d1b1d8 100644
--- a/test/vpp_qos.py
+++ b/test/vpp_qos.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from vpp_object import VppObject
 
 
 class VppQosRecord(VppObject):
-    """ QoS Record(ing) configuration """
+    """QoS Record(ing) configuration"""
 
     def __init__(self, test, intf, source):
         self._test = test
@@ -18,32 +18,34 @@ class VppQosRecord(VppObject):
     def add_vpp_config(self):
         self._test.vapi.qos_record_enable_disable(
             enable=1,
-            record={'sw_if_index': self.intf.sw_if_index,
-                    'input_source': self.source})
+            record={"sw_if_index": self.intf.sw_if_index, "input_source": self.source},
+        )
         self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
         return self
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
         self._test.vapi.qos_record_enable_disable(
             enable=0,
-            record={'sw_if_index': self.intf.sw_if_index,
-                    'input_source': self.source})
+            record={"sw_if_index": self.intf.sw_if_index, "input_source": self.source},
+        )
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
         rs = self._test.vapi.qos_record_dump()
 
         for r in rs:
-            if self.intf.sw_if_index == r.record.sw_if_index and \
-               self.source == r.record.input_source:
+            if (
+                self.intf.sw_if_index == r.record.sw_if_index
+                and self.source == r.record.input_source
+            ):
                 return True
         return False
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return ("qos-record-%s-%d" % (self.intf, self.source))
+        return "qos-record-%s-%d" % (self.intf, self.source)
 
 
 class VppQosStore(VppObject):
-    """ QoS Store(ing) configuration """
+    """QoS Store(ing) configuration"""
 
     def __init__(self, test, intf, source, value):
         self._test = test
@@ -54,34 +56,39 @@ class VppQosStore(VppObject):
     def add_vpp_config(self):
         self._test.vapi.qos_store_enable_disable(
             enable=1,
-            store={'sw_if_index': self.intf.sw_if_index,
-                   'input_source': self.source,
-                   'value': self.value})
+            store={
+                "sw_if_index": self.intf.sw_if_index,
+                "input_source": self.source,
+                "value": self.value,
+            },
+        )
         self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
         return self
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
         self._test.vapi.qos_store_enable_disable(
             enable=0,
-            store={'sw_if_index': self.intf.sw_if_index,
-                   'input_source': self.source})
+            store={"sw_if_index": self.intf.sw_if_index, "input_source": self.source},
+        )
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
         rs = self._test.vapi.qos_store_dump()
 
         for r in rs:
-            if self.intf.sw_if_index == r.store.sw_if_index and \
-               self.source == r.store.input_source and \
-               self.value == r.store.value:
+            if (
+                self.intf.sw_if_index == r.store.sw_if_index
+                and self.source == r.store.input_source
+                and self.value == r.store.value
+            ):
                 return True
         return False
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return ("qos-store-%s-%d" % (self.intf, self.source))
+        return "qos-store-%s-%d" % (self.intf, self.source)
 
 
 class VppQosEgressMap(VppObject):
-    """ QoS Egress Map(ping) configuration """
+    """QoS Egress Map(ping) configuration"""
 
     def __init__(self, test, id, rows):
         self._test = test
@@ -89,9 +96,7 @@ class VppQosEgressMap(VppObject):
         self.rows = rows
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
-        self._test.vapi.qos_egress_map_update(
-            map={'id': self.id,
-                 'rows': self.rows})
+        self._test.vapi.qos_egress_map_update(map={"id": self.id, "rows": self.rows})
         self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
         return self
 
@@ -107,11 +112,11 @@ class VppQosEgressMap(VppObject):
         return False
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return ("qos-map-%d" % (self.id))
+        return "qos-map-%d" % (self.id)
 
 
 class VppQosMark(VppObject):
-    """ QoS Mark(ing) configuration """
+    """QoS Mark(ing) configuration"""
 
     def __init__(self, test, intf, map, source):
         self._test = test
@@ -122,27 +127,32 @@ class VppQosMark(VppObject):
     def add_vpp_config(self):
         self._test.vapi.qos_mark_enable_disable(
             enable=1,
-            mark={'sw_if_index': self.intf.sw_if_index,
-                  'map_id': self.map.id,
-                  'output_source': self.source})
+            mark={
+                "sw_if_index": self.intf.sw_if_index,
+                "map_id": self.map.id,
+                "output_source": self.source,
+            },
+        )
         self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
         return self
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
         self._test.vapi.qos_mark_enable_disable(
             enable=0,
-            mark={'sw_if_index': self.intf.sw_if_index,
-                  'output_source': self.source})
+            mark={"sw_if_index": self.intf.sw_if_index, "output_source": self.source},
+        )
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
         ms = self._test.vapi.qos_mark_dump()
 
         for m in ms:
-            if self.intf.sw_if_index == m.mark.sw_if_index and \
-               self.source == m.mark.output_source and \
-               self.map.id == m.mark.map_id:
+            if (
+                self.intf.sw_if_index == m.mark.sw_if_index
+                and self.source == m.mark.output_source
+                and self.map.id == m.mark.map_id
+            ):
                 return True
         return False
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return ("qos-mark-%s-%d" % (self.intf, self.source))
+        return "qos-mark-%s-%d" % (self.intf, self.source)
diff --git a/test/vpp_srv6.py b/test/vpp_srv6.py
index d6efedc9f3e..d789105d7a7 100644
--- a/test/vpp_srv6.py
+++ b/test/vpp_srv6.py
@@ -8,12 +8,12 @@ from vpp_object import VppObject
 from socket import inet_pton, inet_ntop, AF_INET, AF_INET6
 
 
-class SRv6LocalSIDBehaviors():
+class SRv6LocalSIDBehaviors:
     # from src/vnet/srv6/sr.h
     SR_BEHAVIOR_END = 1
     SR_BEHAVIOR_X = 2
     SR_BEHAVIOR_T = 3
-    SR_BEHAVIOR_D_FIRST = 4   # Unused. Separator in between regular and D
+    SR_BEHAVIOR_D_FIRST = 4  # Unused. Separator in between regular and D
     SR_BEHAVIOR_DX2 = 5
     SR_BEHAVIOR_DX6 = 6
     SR_BEHAVIOR_DX4 = 7
@@ -21,16 +21,16 @@ class SRv6LocalSIDBehaviors():
     SR_BEHAVIOR_DT4 = 9
     SR_BEHAVIOR_END_UN_PERF = 10
     SR_BEHAVIOR_END_UN = 11
-    SR_BEHAVIOR_LAST = 12      # Must always be the last one
+    SR_BEHAVIOR_LAST = 12  # Must always be the last one
 
 
-class SRv6PolicyType():
+class SRv6PolicyType:
     # from src/vnet/srv6/sr.h
     SR_POLICY_TYPE_DEFAULT = 0
     SR_POLICY_TYPE_SPRAY = 1
 
 
-class SRv6PolicySteeringTypes():
+class SRv6PolicySteeringTypes:
     # from src/vnet/srv6/sr.h
     SR_STEER_L2 = 2
     SR_STEER_IPV4 = 4
@@ -42,8 +42,17 @@ class VppSRv6LocalSID(VppObject):
     SRv6 LocalSID
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, test, localsid, behavior, nh_addr,
-                 end_psp, sw_if_index, vlan_index, fib_table):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        test,
+        localsid,
+        behavior,
+        nh_addr,
+        end_psp,
+        sw_if_index,
+        vlan_index,
+        fib_table,
+    ):
         self._test = test
         self.localsid = localsid
         self.behavior = behavior
@@ -63,7 +72,8 @@ class VppSRv6LocalSID(VppObject):
             end_psp=self.end_psp,
             sw_if_index=self.sw_if_index,
             vlan_index=self.vlan_index,
-            fib_table=self.fib_table)
+            fib_table=self.fib_table,
+        )
         self._configured = True
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
@@ -75,7 +85,8 @@ class VppSRv6LocalSID(VppObject):
             end_psp=self.end_psp,
             sw_if_index=self.sw_if_index,
             vlan_index=self.vlan_index,
-            fib_table=self.fib_table)
+            fib_table=self.fib_table,
+        )
         self._configured = False
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
@@ -84,10 +95,7 @@ class VppSRv6LocalSID(VppObject):
         return self._configured
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return ("%d;%s,%d"
-                % (self.fib_table,
-                   self.localsid,
-                   self.behavior))
+        return "%d;%s,%d" % (self.fib_table, self.localsid, self.behavior)
 
 
 class VppSRv6Policy(VppObject):
@@ -95,9 +103,9 @@ class VppSRv6Policy(VppObject):
     SRv6 Policy
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, test, bsid,
-                 is_encap, sr_type, weight, fib_table,
-                 segments, source):
+    def __init__(
+        self, test, bsid, is_encap, sr_type, weight, fib_table, segments, source
+    ):
         self._test = test
         self.bsid = bsid
         self.is_encap = is_encap
@@ -113,17 +121,17 @@ class VppSRv6Policy(VppObject):
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
         self._test.vapi.sr_policy_add(
-                     bsid=self.bsid,
-                     weight=self.weight,
-                     is_encap=self.is_encap,
-                     is_spray=self.sr_type,
-                     fib_table=self.fib_table,
-                     sids={'num_sids': self.n_segments, 'sids': self.segments})
+            bsid=self.bsid,
+            weight=self.weight,
+            is_encap=self.is_encap,
+            is_spray=self.sr_type,
+            fib_table=self.fib_table,
+            sids={"num_sids": self.n_segments, "sids": self.segments},
+        )
         self._configured = True
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
-        self._test.vapi.sr_policy_del(
-                     self.bsid)
+        self._test.vapi.sr_policy_del(self.bsid)
         self._configured = False
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
@@ -132,11 +140,12 @@ class VppSRv6Policy(VppObject):
         return self._configured
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return ("%d;%s-><%s>;%d"
-                % (self.sr_type,
-                   self.bsid,
-                   ','.join(self.segments),
-                   self.is_encap))
+        return "%d;%s-><%s>;%d" % (
+            self.sr_type,
+            self.bsid,
+            ",".join(self.segments),
+            self.is_encap,
+        )
 
 
 class VppSRv6Steering(VppObject):
@@ -144,14 +153,17 @@ class VppSRv6Steering(VppObject):
     SRv6 Steering
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, test,
-                 bsid,
-                 prefix,
-                 mask_width,
-                 traffic_type,
-                 sr_policy_index,
-                 table_id,
-                 sw_if_index):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        test,
+        bsid,
+        prefix,
+        mask_width,
+        traffic_type,
+        sr_policy_index,
+        table_id,
+        sw_if_index,
+    ):
         self._test = test
         self.bsid = bsid
         self.prefix = prefix
@@ -164,24 +176,26 @@ class VppSRv6Steering(VppObject):
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
         self._test.vapi.sr_steering_add_del(
-                     is_del=0,
-                     bsid=self.bsid,
-                     sr_policy_index=self.sr_policy_index,
-                     table_id=self.table_id,
-                     prefix={'address': self.prefix, 'len':  self.mask_width},
-                     sw_if_index=self.sw_if_index,
-                     traffic_type=self.traffic_type)
+            is_del=0,
+            bsid=self.bsid,
+            sr_policy_index=self.sr_policy_index,
+            table_id=self.table_id,
+            prefix={"address": self.prefix, "len": self.mask_width},
+            sw_if_index=self.sw_if_index,
+            traffic_type=self.traffic_type,
+        )
         self._configured = True
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
         self._test.vapi.sr_steering_add_del(
-                     is_del=1,
-                     bsid=self.bsid,
-                     sr_policy_index=self.sr_policy_index,
-                     table_id=self.table_id,
-                     prefix={'address': self.prefix, 'len':  self.mask_width},
-                     sw_if_index=self.sw_if_index,
-                     traffic_type=self.traffic_type)
+            is_del=1,
+            bsid=self.bsid,
+            sr_policy_index=self.sr_policy_index,
+            table_id=self.table_id,
+            prefix={"address": self.prefix, "len": self.mask_width},
+            sw_if_index=self.sw_if_index,
+            traffic_type=self.traffic_type,
+        )
         self._configured = False
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
@@ -190,9 +204,10 @@ class VppSRv6Steering(VppObject):
         return self._configured
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return ("%d;%d;%s/%d->%s"
-                % (self.table_id,
-                   self.traffic_type,
-                   self.prefix,
-                   self.mask_width,
-                   self.bsid))
+        return "%d;%d;%s/%d->%s" % (
+            self.table_id,
+            self.traffic_type,
+            self.prefix,
+            self.mask_width,
+            self.bsid,
+        )
diff --git a/test/vpp_sub_interface.py b/test/vpp_sub_interface.py
index 21560cb99d0..b896a6efbe3 100644
--- a/test/vpp_sub_interface.py
+++ b/test/vpp_sub_interface.py
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ class L2_VTR_OP:
 
 
 class VppSubInterface(VppPGInterface, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
-
     @property
     def parent(self):
         """Parent interface for this sub-interface"""
@@ -117,26 +116,33 @@ class VppSubInterface(VppPGInterface, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
         self._tag2 = 0
         self._push1q = 0
 
-        if (vtr == L2_VTR_OP.L2_PUSH_1 or
-            vtr == L2_VTR_OP.L2_TRANSLATE_1_1 or
-                vtr == L2_VTR_OP.L2_TRANSLATE_2_1):
+        if (
+            vtr == L2_VTR_OP.L2_PUSH_1
+            or vtr == L2_VTR_OP.L2_TRANSLATE_1_1
+            or vtr == L2_VTR_OP.L2_TRANSLATE_2_1
+        ):
             self._tag1 = tag
             self._push1q = push1q
-        if (vtr == L2_VTR_OP.L2_PUSH_2 or
-            vtr == L2_VTR_OP.L2_TRANSLATE_1_2 or
-                vtr == L2_VTR_OP.L2_TRANSLATE_2_2):
+        if (
+            vtr == L2_VTR_OP.L2_PUSH_2
+            or vtr == L2_VTR_OP.L2_TRANSLATE_1_2
+            or vtr == L2_VTR_OP.L2_TRANSLATE_2_2
+        ):
             self._tag1 = outer
             self._tag2 = inner
             self._push1q = push1q
 
         self.test.vapi.l2_interface_vlan_tag_rewrite(
-            sw_if_index=self.sw_if_index, vtr_op=vtr, push_dot1q=self._push1q,
-            tag1=self._tag1, tag2=self._tag2)
+            sw_if_index=self.sw_if_index,
+            vtr_op=vtr,
+            push_dot1q=self._push1q,
+            tag1=self._tag1,
+            tag2=self._tag2,
+        )
         self._vtr = vtr
 
 
 class VppDot1QSubint(VppSubInterface):
-
     @property
     def vlan(self):
         """VLAN tag"""
@@ -168,7 +174,6 @@ class VppDot1QSubint(VppSubInterface):
 
 
 class VppDot1ADSubint(VppSubInterface):
-
     @property
     def outer_vlan(self):
         """Outer VLAN tag"""
@@ -181,13 +186,18 @@ class VppDot1ADSubint(VppSubInterface):
 
     def __init__(self, test, parent, sub_id, outer_vlan, inner_vlan):
         super(VppDot1ADSubint, self).__init__(test, parent, sub_id)
-        flags = (VppEnum.vl_api_sub_if_flags_t.SUB_IF_API_FLAG_DOT1AD |
-                 VppEnum.vl_api_sub_if_flags_t.SUB_IF_API_FLAG_TWO_TAGS |
-                 VppEnum.vl_api_sub_if_flags_t.SUB_IF_API_FLAG_EXACT_MATCH)
-        r = test.vapi.create_subif(sw_if_index=parent.sw_if_index,
-                                   sub_id=sub_id, outer_vlan_id=outer_vlan,
-                                   inner_vlan_id=inner_vlan,
-                                   sub_if_flags=flags)
+        flags = (
+            VppEnum.vl_api_sub_if_flags_t.SUB_IF_API_FLAG_DOT1AD
+            | VppEnum.vl_api_sub_if_flags_t.SUB_IF_API_FLAG_TWO_TAGS
+            | VppEnum.vl_api_sub_if_flags_t.SUB_IF_API_FLAG_EXACT_MATCH
+        )
+        r = test.vapi.create_subif(
+            sw_if_index=parent.sw_if_index,
+            sub_id=sub_id,
+            outer_vlan_id=outer_vlan,
+            inner_vlan_id=inner_vlan,
+            sub_if_flags=flags,
+        )
         self.set_sw_if_index(r.sw_if_index)
         self._outer_vlan = outer_vlan
         self._inner_vlan = inner_vlan
@@ -204,16 +214,13 @@ class VppDot1ADSubint(VppSubInterface):
         return self.add_dot1ad_layer(packet, self.outer_vlan, self.inner_vlan)
 
     def remove_dot1_layer(self, packet):
-        return self.remove_dot1ad_layer(packet, self.outer_vlan,
-                                        self.inner_vlan)
+        return self.remove_dot1ad_layer(packet, self.outer_vlan, self.inner_vlan)
 
 
 class VppP2PSubint(VppSubInterface):
-
     def __init__(self, test, parent, sub_id, remote_mac):
         super(VppP2PSubint, self).__init__(test, parent, sub_id)
-        r = test.vapi.p2p_ethernet_add(parent.sw_if_index,
-                                       remote_mac, sub_id)
+        r = test.vapi.p2p_ethernet_add(parent.sw_if_index, remote_mac, sub_id)
         self.set_sw_if_index(r.sw_if_index)
         self.parent_sw_if_index = parent.sw_if_index
         self.p2p_remote_mac = remote_mac
diff --git a/test/vpp_teib.py b/test/vpp_teib.py
index ee2d89fe080..14688181582 100644
--- a/test/vpp_teib.py
+++ b/test/vpp_teib.py
@@ -9,14 +9,12 @@ from vpp_object import VppObject
 def find_teib(test, ne):
     ns = test.vapi.teib_dump()
     for n in ns:
-        if ne.peer == str(n.entry.peer) \
-           and ne.itf._sw_if_index == n.entry.sw_if_index:
+        if ne.peer == str(n.entry.peer) and ne.itf._sw_if_index == n.entry.sw_if_index:
             return True
     return False
 
 
 class VppTeib(VppObject):
-
     def __init__(self, test, itf, peer, nh, table_id=0):
         self._test = test
         self.table_id = table_id
@@ -28,11 +26,12 @@ class VppTeib(VppObject):
         r = self._test.vapi.teib_entry_add_del(
             is_add=1,
             entry={
-                'nh_table_id': self.table_id,
-                'sw_if_index': self.itf.sw_if_index,
-                'peer': self.peer,
-                'nh': self.nh,
-            })
+                "nh_table_id": self.table_id,
+                "sw_if_index": self.itf.sw_if_index,
+                "peer": self.peer,
+                "nh": self.nh,
+            },
+        )
         self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
         return self
 
@@ -40,13 +39,14 @@ class VppTeib(VppObject):
         r = self._test.vapi.teib_entry_add_del(
             is_add=0,
             entry={
-                'nh_table_id': self.table_id,
-                'sw_if_index': self.itf.sw_if_index,
-                'peer': self.peer,
-            })
+                "nh_table_id": self.table_id,
+                "sw_if_index": self.itf.sw_if_index,
+                "peer": self.peer,
+            },
+        )
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
         return find_teib(self._test, self)
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return ("teib-%s-%s" % (self.itf, self.peer))
+        return "teib-%s-%s" % (self.itf, self.peer)
diff --git a/test/vpp_tunnel_interface.py b/test/vpp_tunnel_interface.py
index 6a336eb72d9..d70328eb239 100644
--- a/test/vpp_tunnel_interface.py
+++ b/test/vpp_tunnel_interface.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from vpp_interface import VppInterface
 
 
 class VppTunnelInterface(VppInterface, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
-    """ VPP tunnel interface abstraction """
+    """VPP tunnel interface abstraction"""
 
     def __init__(self, test, parent_if):
         super(VppTunnelInterface, self).__init__(test)
@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@ class VppTunnelInterface(VppInterface, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
     def add_stream(self, pkts):
         return self.parent_if.add_stream(pkts)
 
-    def get_capture(self, expected_count=None, remark=None, timeout=1,
-                    filter_out_fn=is_ipv6_misc):
-        return self.parent_if.get_capture(expected_count, remark, timeout,
-                                          filter_out_fn)
+    def get_capture(
+        self, expected_count=None, remark=None, timeout=1, filter_out_fn=is_ipv6_misc
+    ):
+        return self.parent_if.get_capture(
+            expected_count, remark, timeout, filter_out_fn
+        )
diff --git a/test/vpp_udp_decap.py b/test/vpp_udp_decap.py
index 2bd03ce75c0..3231826f31b 100644
--- a/test/vpp_udp_decap.py
+++ b/test/vpp_udp_decap.py
@@ -8,19 +8,10 @@ from socket import inet_pton, inet_ntop, AF_INET, AF_INET6
 
 
 class VppUdpDecap(VppObject):
-
-    def __init__(self,
-                 test,
-                 is_ip4,
-                 dst_port,
-                 next_proto):
+    def __init__(self, test, is_ip4, dst_port, next_proto):
         self._test = test
         self.active = False
-        self.udp_decap = {
-            'is_ip4': is_ip4,
-            'port': dst_port,
-            'next_proto': next_proto
-        }
+        self.udp_decap = {"is_ip4": is_ip4, "port": dst_port, "next_proto": next_proto}
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
         self._test.vapi.udp_decap_add_del(True, self.udp_decap)
diff --git a/test/vpp_udp_encap.py b/test/vpp_udp_encap.py
index aad87bd5912..b89e9411e6a 100644
--- a/test/vpp_udp_encap.py
+++ b/test/vpp_udp_encap.py
@@ -10,25 +10,20 @@ from socket import inet_pton, inet_ntop, AF_INET, AF_INET6
 def find_udp_encap(test, ue):
     encaps = test.vapi.udp_encap_dump()
     for e in encaps:
-        if ue.id == e.udp_encap.id \
-           and ue.src_ip == str(e.udp_encap.src_ip) \
-           and ue.dst_ip == str(e.udp_encap.dst_ip) \
-           and e.udp_encap.dst_port == ue.dst_port \
-           and e.udp_encap.src_port == ue.src_port:
+        if (
+            ue.id == e.udp_encap.id
+            and ue.src_ip == str(e.udp_encap.src_ip)
+            and ue.dst_ip == str(e.udp_encap.dst_ip)
+            and e.udp_encap.dst_port == ue.dst_port
+            and e.udp_encap.src_port == ue.src_port
+        ):
             return True
 
     return False
 
 
 class VppUdpEncap(VppObject):
-
-    def __init__(self,
-                 test,
-                 src_ip,
-                 dst_ip,
-                 src_port,
-                 dst_port,
-                 table_id=0):
+    def __init__(self, test, src_ip, dst_ip, src_port, dst_port, table_id=0):
         self._test = test
         self.table_id = table_id
         self.src_ip_s = src_ip
@@ -40,11 +35,8 @@ class VppUdpEncap(VppObject):
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
         r = self._test.vapi.udp_encap_add(
-            self.src_ip,
-            self.dst_ip,
-            self.src_port,
-            self.dst_port,
-            self.table_id)
+            self.src_ip, self.dst_ip, self.src_port, self.dst_port, self.table_id
+        )
         self.id = r.id
         self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
 
@@ -55,7 +47,7 @@ class VppUdpEncap(VppObject):
         return find_udp_encap(self._test, self)
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return ("udp-encap-%d" % self.id)
+        return "udp-encap-%d" % self.id
 
     def get_stats(self):
         c = self._test.statistics.get_counter("/net/udp-encap")
diff --git a/test/vpp_vhost_interface.py b/test/vpp_vhost_interface.py
index 8fa2d7172f1..a20504ba1ce 100644
--- a/test/vpp_vhost_interface.py
+++ b/test/vpp_vhost_interface.py
@@ -4,13 +4,24 @@ from vpp_interface import VppInterface
 class VppVhostInterface(VppInterface):
     """VPP vhost interface."""
 
-    def __init__(self, test, sock_filename, is_server=0, renumber=0,
-                 disable_mrg_rxbuf=0, disable_indirect_desc=0, enable_gso=0,
-                 enable_packed_ring=0, enable_event_idx=0,
-                 custom_dev_instance=0xFFFFFFFF, use_custom_mac=0,
-                 mac_address='', tag=''):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        test,
+        sock_filename,
+        is_server=0,
+        renumber=0,
+        disable_mrg_rxbuf=0,
+        disable_indirect_desc=0,
+        enable_gso=0,
+        enable_packed_ring=0,
+        enable_event_idx=0,
+        custom_dev_instance=0xFFFFFFFF,
+        use_custom_mac=0,
+        mac_address="",
+        tag="",
+    ):
 
-        """ Create VPP Vhost interface """
+        """Create VPP Vhost interface"""
         super(VppVhostInterface, self).__init__(test)
         self.is_server = is_server
         self.sock_filename = sock_filename
@@ -26,18 +37,20 @@ class VppVhostInterface(VppInterface):
         self.tag = tag
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
-        r = self.test.vapi.create_vhost_user_if_v2(self.is_server,
-                                                   self.sock_filename,
-                                                   self.renumber,
-                                                   self.disable_mrg_rxbuf,
-                                                   self.disable_indirect_desc,
-                                                   self.enable_gso,
-                                                   self.enable_packed_ring,
-                                                   self.enable_event_idx,
-                                                   self.custom_dev_instance,
-                                                   self.use_custom_mac,
-                                                   self.mac_address,
-                                                   self.tag)
+        r = self.test.vapi.create_vhost_user_if_v2(
+            self.is_server,
+            self.sock_filename,
+            self.renumber,
+            self.disable_mrg_rxbuf,
+            self.disable_indirect_desc,
+            self.enable_gso,
+            self.enable_packed_ring,
+            self.enable_event_idx,
+            self.custom_dev_instance,
+            self.use_custom_mac,
+            self.mac_address,
+            self.tag,
+        )
         self.set_sw_if_index(r.sw_if_index)
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
diff --git a/test/vpp_vxlan_gpe_tunnel.py b/test/vpp_vxlan_gpe_tunnel.py
index cff5e456aee..2826c29c6b3 100644
--- a/test/vpp_vxlan_gpe_tunnel.py
+++ b/test/vpp_vxlan_gpe_tunnel.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ from vpp_interface import VppInterface
 from vpp_papi import VppEnum
 
 
-INDEX_INVALID = 0xffffffff
+INDEX_INVALID = 0xFFFFFFFF
 DEFAULT_PORT = 4790
 UNDEFINED_PORT = 0
 
@@ -19,11 +19,13 @@ def find_vxlan_gpe_tunnel(test, src, dst, s_port, d_port, vni):
         dst_port = d_port
 
     for t in ts:
-        if src == str(t.local) and \
-           dst == str(t.remote) and \
-           src_port == t.local_port and \
-           dst_port == t.remote_port and \
-           t.vni == vni:
+        if (
+            src == str(t.local)
+            and dst == str(t.remote)
+            and src_port == t.local_port
+            and dst_port == t.remote_port
+            and t.vni == vni
+        ):
             return t.sw_if_index
     return INDEX_INVALID
 
@@ -33,12 +35,20 @@ class VppVxlanGpeTunnel(VppInterface):
     VPP VXLAN GPE interface
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, test, src_addr, dst_addr, vni,
-                 src_port=UNDEFINED_PORT, dst_port=UNDEFINED_PORT,
-                 mcast_sw_if_index=INDEX_INVALID,
-                 encap_vrf_id=None,
-                 decap_vrf_id=None, protocol=3):
-        """ Create VXLAN GPE Tunnel interface """
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        test,
+        src_addr,
+        dst_addr,
+        vni,
+        src_port=UNDEFINED_PORT,
+        dst_port=UNDEFINED_PORT,
+        mcast_sw_if_index=INDEX_INVALID,
+        encap_vrf_id=None,
+        decap_vrf_id=None,
+        protocol=3,
+    ):
+        """Create VXLAN GPE Tunnel interface"""
         super(VppVxlanGpeTunnel, self).__init__(test)
         self.src = src_addr
         self.dst = dst_addr
@@ -52,32 +62,38 @@ class VppVxlanGpeTunnel(VppInterface):
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
         reply = self.test.vapi.vxlan_gpe_add_del_tunnel_v2(
-            is_add=1, local=self.src, remote=self.dst, vni=self.vni,
-            local_port=self.src_port, remote_port=self.dst_port,
+            is_add=1,
+            local=self.src,
+            remote=self.dst,
+            vni=self.vni,
+            local_port=self.src_port,
+            remote_port=self.dst_port,
             mcast_sw_if_index=self.mcast_sw_if_index,
             encap_vrf_id=self.encap_vrf_id,
             decap_vrf_id=self.decap_vrf_id,
-            protocol=self.protocol)
+            protocol=self.protocol,
+        )
         self.set_sw_if_index(reply.sw_if_index)
         self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
         self.test.vapi.vxlan_gpe_add_del_tunnel_v2(
-            is_add=0, local=self.src, remote=self.dst, vni=self.vni,
-            local_port=self.src_port, remote_port=self.dst_port,
+            is_add=0,
+            local=self.src,
+            remote=self.dst,
+            vni=self.vni,
+            local_port=self.src_port,
+            remote_port=self.dst_port,
             mcast_sw_if_index=self.mcast_sw_if_index,
             encap_vrf_id=self.encap_vrf_id,
             decap_vrf_id=self.decap_vrf_id,
-            protocol=self.protocol)
+            protocol=self.protocol,
+        )
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
-        return (INDEX_INVALID != find_vxlan_gpe_tunnel(self._test,
-                                                       self.src,
-                                                       self.dst,
-                                                       self.src_port,
-                                                       self.dst_port,
-                                                       self.vni))
+        return INDEX_INVALID != find_vxlan_gpe_tunnel(
+            self._test, self.src, self.dst, self.src_port, self.dst_port, self.vni
+        )
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return "vxlan-%d-%d-%s-%s" % (self.sw_if_index, self.vni,
-                                      self.src, self.dst)
+        return "vxlan-%d-%d-%s-%s" % (self.sw_if_index, self.vni, self.src, self.dst)
diff --git a/test/vpp_vxlan_tunnel.py b/test/vpp_vxlan_tunnel.py
index d7e087da6f8..8c993b09196 100644
--- a/test/vpp_vxlan_tunnel.py
+++ b/test/vpp_vxlan_tunnel.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ from vpp_interface import VppInterface
 from vpp_papi import VppEnum
 
 
-INDEX_INVALID = 0xffffffff
+INDEX_INVALID = 0xFFFFFFFF
 DEFAULT_PORT = 4789
 UNDEFINED_PORT = 0
 
@@ -19,11 +19,13 @@ def find_vxlan_tunnel(test, src, dst, s_port, d_port, vni):
         dst_port = d_port
 
     for t in ts:
-        if src == str(t.src_address) and \
-           dst == str(t.dst_address) and \
-           src_port == t.src_port and \
-           dst_port == t.dst_port and \
-           t.vni == vni:
+        if (
+            src == str(t.src_address)
+            and dst == str(t.dst_address)
+            and src_port == t.src_port
+            and dst_port == t.dst_port
+            and t.vni == vni
+        ):
             return t.sw_if_index
     return INDEX_INVALID
 
@@ -33,13 +35,22 @@ class VppVxlanTunnel(VppInterface):
     VPP VXLAN interface
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, test, src, dst, vni,
-                 src_port=UNDEFINED_PORT, dst_port=UNDEFINED_PORT,
-                 mcast_itf=None,
-                 mcast_sw_if_index=INDEX_INVALID,
-                 decap_next_index=INDEX_INVALID,
-                 encap_vrf_id=None, instance=0xffffffff, is_l3=False):
-        """ Create VXLAN Tunnel interface """
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        test,
+        src,
+        dst,
+        vni,
+        src_port=UNDEFINED_PORT,
+        dst_port=UNDEFINED_PORT,
+        mcast_itf=None,
+        mcast_sw_if_index=INDEX_INVALID,
+        decap_next_index=INDEX_INVALID,
+        encap_vrf_id=None,
+        instance=0xFFFFFFFF,
+        is_l3=False,
+    ):
+        """Create VXLAN Tunnel interface"""
         super(VppVxlanTunnel, self).__init__(test)
         self.src = src
         self.dst = dst
@@ -53,35 +64,44 @@ class VppVxlanTunnel(VppInterface):
         self.instance = instance
         self.is_l3 = is_l3
 
-        if (self.mcast_itf):
+        if self.mcast_itf:
             self.mcast_sw_if_index = self.mcast_itf.sw_if_index
 
     def add_vpp_config(self):
         reply = self.test.vapi.vxlan_add_del_tunnel_v3(
-            is_add=1, src_address=self.src, dst_address=self.dst, vni=self.vni,
-            src_port=self.src_port, dst_port=self.dst_port,
+            is_add=1,
+            src_address=self.src,
+            dst_address=self.dst,
+            vni=self.vni,
+            src_port=self.src_port,
+            dst_port=self.dst_port,
             mcast_sw_if_index=self.mcast_sw_if_index,
-            encap_vrf_id=self.encap_vrf_id, is_l3=self.is_l3,
-            instance=self.instance, decap_next_index=self.decap_next_index)
+            encap_vrf_id=self.encap_vrf_id,
+            is_l3=self.is_l3,
+            instance=self.instance,
+            decap_next_index=self.decap_next_index,
+        )
         self.set_sw_if_index(reply.sw_if_index)
         self._test.registry.register(self, self._test.logger)
 
     def remove_vpp_config(self):
         self.test.vapi.vxlan_add_del_tunnel_v2(
-            is_add=0, src_address=self.src, dst_address=self.dst, vni=self.vni,
-            src_port=self.src_port, dst_port=self.dst_port,
+            is_add=0,
+            src_address=self.src,
+            dst_address=self.dst,
+            vni=self.vni,
+            src_port=self.src_port,
+            dst_port=self.dst_port,
             mcast_sw_if_index=self.mcast_sw_if_index,
-            encap_vrf_id=self.encap_vrf_id, instance=self.instance,
-            decap_next_index=self.decap_next_index)
+            encap_vrf_id=self.encap_vrf_id,
+            instance=self.instance,
+            decap_next_index=self.decap_next_index,
+        )
 
     def query_vpp_config(self):
-        return (INDEX_INVALID != find_vxlan_tunnel(self._test,
-                                                   self.src,
-                                                   self.dst,
-                                                   self.src_port,
-                                                   self.dst_port,
-                                                   self.vni))
+        return INDEX_INVALID != find_vxlan_tunnel(
+            self._test, self.src, self.dst, self.src_port, self.dst_port, self.vni
+        )
 
     def object_id(self):
-        return "vxlan-%d-%d-%s-%s" % (self.sw_if_index, self.vni,
-                                      self.src, self.dst)
+        return "vxlan-%d-%d-%s-%s" % (self.sw_if_index, self.vni, self.src, self.dst)
diff --git a/test/vrf.py b/test/vrf.py
index b3daceed2c1..2db18c4824b 100644
--- a/test/vrf.py
+++ b/test/vrf.py
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ from util import NumericConstant
 
 
 class VRFState(NumericConstant):
-    """ VRF State """
+    """VRF State"""
+
     not_configured = 0
     configured = 1
     reset = 2