diff --git a/pmd-java/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/internal/JavaLanguageProperties.java b/pmd-java/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/internal/JavaLanguageProperties.java
index 7fafea029e..7590d48f6f 100644
--- a/pmd-java/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/internal/JavaLanguageProperties.java
+++ b/pmd-java/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/internal/JavaLanguageProperties.java
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ public class JavaLanguageProperties extends JvmLanguagePropertyBundle {
         PropertyFactory.enumProperty("xTypeInferenceLogging",
                                      EnumUtils.getEnumMap(InferenceLoggingVerbosity.class))
                        .desc("Verbosity of the type inference logging")
-                       .defaultValue(InferenceLoggingVerbosity.DISABLED)
+                       .defaultValue(InferenceLoggingVerbosity.VERBOSE)
                        .build();
 
 
diff --git a/pmd-java/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/types/internal/infer/InferenceContext.java b/pmd-java/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/types/internal/infer/InferenceContext.java
index 73b843439f..8cc251fa0e 100644
--- a/pmd-java/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/types/internal/infer/InferenceContext.java
+++ b/pmd-java/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/types/internal/infer/InferenceContext.java
@@ -525,6 +525,7 @@ final class InferenceContext {
      * we try again to make progress.
      */
     private boolean solve(VarWalkStrategy walker) {
+        graphWasChanged = false;
         incorporate();
 
         while (walker.hasNext()) {
diff --git a/pmd-java/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/types/internal/infer/TypeInferenceLogger.java b/pmd-java/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/types/internal/infer/TypeInferenceLogger.java
index 2c9cfff9ef..cb7fe3e6d3 100644
--- a/pmd-java/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/types/internal/infer/TypeInferenceLogger.java
+++ b/pmd-java/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/types/internal/infer/TypeInferenceLogger.java
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.NonNull;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
 
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.java.ast.JavaNode;
+import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.java.internal.JavaLanguageProperties;
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.java.symbols.JTypeDeclSymbol;
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.java.types.JMethodSig;
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.java.types.JTypeMirror;
@@ -34,6 +35,12 @@ import net.sourceforge.pmd.util.StringUtil;
 
 /**
  * A strategy to log the execution traces of {@link Infer}.
+ * The default does nothing, so the logger calls can be optimized out
+ * at runtime, while not having to check that logging is enabled at the
+ * call sites.
+ *
+ * <p>To enable logging for the CLI, use the language property ({@link JavaLanguageProperties})
+ * {@code xTypeInferenceLogging}. From tests, see {@code JavaParsingHelper#logTypeInferenceVerbose()}.
  */
 @SuppressWarnings("PMD.UncommentedEmptyMethodBody")
 public interface TypeInferenceLogger {
@@ -64,8 +71,7 @@ public interface TypeInferenceLogger {
 
     default void applicabilityTest(InferenceContext ctx) { }
 
-    default void finishApplicabilityTest() {
-    }
+    default void finishApplicabilityTest() { }
 
     default void startArgsChecks() { }
 
diff --git a/pmd-java/src/test/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/types/internal/infer/InferenceCtxUnitTests.java b/pmd-java/src/test/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/types/internal/infer/InferenceCtxUnitTests.java
index 5e33c6dd01..ba1d834261 100644
--- a/pmd-java/src/test/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/types/internal/infer/InferenceCtxUnitTests.java
+++ b/pmd-java/src/test/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/types/internal/infer/InferenceCtxUnitTests.java
@@ -8,7 +8,10 @@ import static net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.java.types.TestUtilitiesForTypesKt.captur
 import static net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.java.types.internal.infer.BaseTypeInferenceUnitTest.Bound.eqBound;
 import static net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.java.types.internal.infer.BaseTypeInferenceUnitTest.Bound.lower;
 import static net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.java.types.internal.infer.BaseTypeInferenceUnitTest.Bound.upper;
+import static net.sourceforge.pmd.util.CollectionUtil.setOf;
 import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.contains;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.containsInAnyOrder;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
@@ -19,11 +22,17 @@ import static org.mockito.Mockito.spy;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.java.types.JTypeMirror;
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.java.types.TypeOps;
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.java.types.internal.infer.InferenceVar.BoundKind;
+import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.java.types.internal.infer.VarWalkStrategy.GraphWalk;
+import net.sourceforge.pmd.util.IteratorUtil;
 
 /**
  *
@@ -331,4 +340,88 @@ class InferenceCtxUnitTests extends BaseTypeInferenceUnitTest {
         assertThat(a, hasBoundsExactly(upper(ts.BOOLEAN.box())));
     }
 
+
+    private static @NotNull List<Set<InferenceVar>> createBatchSetsFromGraph(InferenceContext ctx) {
+        GraphWalk graphWalk = new GraphWalk(ctx, false);
+        List<Set<InferenceVar>> batches = IteratorUtil.toList(graphWalk);
+        return batches;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testGraphBuilding() {
+        InferenceContext ctx = emptyCtx();
+        InferenceVar a = newIvar(ctx);
+        InferenceVar b = newIvar(ctx);
+
+        List<Set<InferenceVar>> batches = createBatchSetsFromGraph(ctx);
+        // no dependency: unordered
+        assertThat(batches, containsInAnyOrder(setOf(a), setOf(b)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testGraphBuildingWithDependency() {
+        InferenceContext ctx = emptyCtx();
+        InferenceVar a = newIvar(ctx);
+        InferenceVar b = newIvar(ctx);
+
+        // a -> b
+        addSubtypeConstraint(ctx, a, ts.arrayType(b));
+
+        List<Set<InferenceVar>> batches = createBatchSetsFromGraph(ctx);
+
+        assertThat(batches, contains(setOf(b), setOf(a)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testGraphBuildingWithDependency2() {
+        InferenceContext ctx = emptyCtx();
+        InferenceVar a = newIvar(ctx);
+        InferenceVar b = newIvar(ctx);
+
+        // a -> b
+        // b -> a (because of propagation)
+        addSubtypeConstraint(ctx, a, b);
+
+        List<Set<InferenceVar>> batches = createBatchSetsFromGraph(ctx);
+
+        assertThat(batches, contains(setOf(b, a)));
+    }
+
+
+
+
+    @Test
+    void testGraphBuildingWithExtraDependency() {
+        InferenceContext ctx = emptyCtx();
+        InferenceVar a = newIvar(ctx);
+        InferenceVar b = newIvar(ctx);
+
+        // b -> a
+        ctx.addInstantiationDependencies(setOf(b), setOf(a));
+
+        List<Set<InferenceVar>> batches = createBatchSetsFromGraph(ctx);
+
+        assertThat(batches, contains(setOf(a), setOf(b)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testGraphBuildingWithDependencyCycle() {
+        InferenceContext ctx = emptyCtx();
+        InferenceVar a = newIvar(ctx);
+        InferenceVar b = newIvar(ctx);
+        InferenceVar c = newIvar(ctx);
+
+        // a -> b, b -> a,
+        // a -> c, b -> c
+        a.addBound(BoundKind.UPPER, b);
+        a.addBound(BoundKind.EQ, listType(c));
+        b.addBound(BoundKind.LOWER, a);
+        b.addBound(BoundKind.LOWER, listType(c));
+
+
+        List<Set<InferenceVar>> batches = createBatchSetsFromGraph(ctx);
+
+        assertThat(batches, contains(setOf(c), setOf(b, a)));
+    }
+
 }