Freeze the middleware stack after it's built

So apps that accidentally add middlewares later aren't unwittingly dumping them in a black hole.

Closes #5911

actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/stack.rb

@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ def use(*args, &block)
     def build(app = nil, &block)
       app ||= block
       raise "MiddlewareStack#build requires an app" unless app
-      middlewares.reverse.inject(app) { |a, e| e.build(a) }
+      middlewares.freeze.reverse.inject(app) { |a, e| e.build(a) }
     end
 
   protected

railties/test/application/middleware/exceptions_test.rb

@@ -17,31 +17,32 @@ def teardown
     end
 
     test "show exceptions middleware filter backtrace before logging" do
-      my_middleware = Struct.new(:app) do
-        def call(env)
-          raise "Failure"
+      controller :foo, <<-RUBY
+        class FooController < ActionController::Base
+          def index
+            raise 'oops'
+          end
         end
-      end
+      RUBY
 
-      app.config.middleware.use my_middleware
+      get "/foo"
+      assert_equal 500, last_response.status
 
-      stringio = StringIO.new
-      Rails.logger = Logger.new(stringio)
-
-      get "/"
-      assert_no_match(/action_dispatch/, stringio.string)
+      log = File.read(Rails.application.config.paths["log"].first)
+      assert_no_match(/action_dispatch/, log, log)
+      assert_match(/oops/, log, log)
     end
 
     test "renders active record exceptions as 404" do
-      my_middleware = Struct.new(:app) do
-        def call(env)
-          raise ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound
+      controller :foo, <<-RUBY
+        class FooController < ActionController::Base
+          def index
+            raise ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound
+          end
         end
-      end
+      RUBY
 
-      app.config.middleware.use my_middleware
-
-      get "/"
+      get "/foo"
       assert_equal 404, last_response.status
     end
 

railties/test/application/middleware_test.rb

@@ -148,6 +148,13 @@ def app
       assert_equal "Rack::Config", middleware.first
     end
 
+    test "can't change middleware after it's built" do
+      boot!
+      assert_raise RuntimeError do
+        app.config.middleware.use Rack::Config
+      end
+    end
+
     # ConditionalGet + Etag
     test "conditional get + etag middlewares handle http caching based on body" do
       make_basic_app