Merge pull request #29699 from lugray/represent_boolean_as_integer

Change sqlite3 boolean serialization to use 1 and 0

activerecord/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,3 +1,14 @@
+*   Change sqlite3 boolean serialization to use 1 and 0
+
+    SQLite natively recognizes 1 and 0 as true and false, but does not natively
+    recognize 't' and 'f' as was previously serialized.
+
+    This change in serialization requires a migration of stored boolean data
+    for SQLite databases, so it's implemented behind a configuration flag
+    whose default false value is deprecated.
+
+    *Lisa Ugray*
+
 *   Skip query caching when working with batches of records (`find_each`, `find_in_batches`,
     `in_batches`).
 

activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/quoting.rb

@@ -106,19 +106,19 @@ def quote_default_expression(value, column) # :nodoc:
       end
 
       def quoted_true
-        "'t'".freeze
+        "TRUE".freeze
       end
 
       def unquoted_true
-        "t".freeze
+        true
       end
 
       def quoted_false
-        "'f'".freeze
+        "FALSE".freeze
       end
 
       def unquoted_false
-        "f".freeze
+        false
       end
 
       # Quote date/time values for use in SQL input. Includes microseconds

activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3/quoting.rb

@@ -22,6 +22,22 @@ def quoted_binary(value)
           "x'#{value.hex}'"
         end
 
+        def quoted_true
+          ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter.represent_boolean_as_integer ? "1".freeze : "'t'".freeze
+        end
+
+        def unquoted_true
+          ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter.represent_boolean_as_integer ? 1 : "t".freeze
+        end
+
+        def quoted_false
+          ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter.represent_boolean_as_integer ? "0".freeze : "'f'".freeze
+        end
+
+        def unquoted_false
+          ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter.represent_boolean_as_integer ? 0 : "f".freeze
+        end
+
         private
 
           def _type_cast(value)

activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3_adapter.rb

@@ -72,6 +72,23 @@ class SQLite3Adapter < AbstractAdapter
         boolean:      { name: "boolean" }
       }
 
+      ##
+      # :singleton-method:
+      # Indicates whether boolean values are stored in sqlite3 databases as 1
+      # and 0 or 't' and 'f'. Leaving `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter.represent_boolean_as_integer`
+      # set to false is deprecated. SQLite databases have used 't' and 'f' to
+      # serialize boolean values and must have old data converted to 1 and 0
+      # (its native boolean serialization) before setting this flag to true.
+      # Conversion can be accomplished by setting up a rake task which runs
+      #
+      #   ExampleModel.where("boolean_column = 't'").update_all(boolean_column: 1)
+      #   ExampleModel.where("boolean_column = 't'").update_all(boolean_column: 0)
+      # for all models and all boolean columns, after which the flag must be set
+      # to true by adding the following to your application.rb file:
+      #
+      #   ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter.represent_boolean_as_integer = true
+      class_attribute :represent_boolean_as_integer, default: false
+
       class StatementPool < ConnectionAdapters::StatementPool
         private
 
@@ -512,5 +529,6 @@ def configure_connection
           execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON", "SCHEMA")
         end
     end
+    ActiveSupport.run_load_hooks(:active_record_sqlite3adapter, SQLite3Adapter)
   end
 end

activerecord/lib/active_record/railtie.rb

@@ -174,5 +174,29 @@ class Railtie < Rails::Railtie # :nodoc:
         end
       end
     end
+
+    initializer "active_record.check_represent_sqlite3_boolean_as_integer" do
+      config.after_initialize do
+        ActiveSupport.on_load(:active_record_sqlite3adapter) do
+          unless ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter.represent_boolean_as_integer
+            ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn <<-MSG
+Leaving `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter.represent_boolean_as_integer`
+set to false is deprecated. SQLite databases have used 't' and 'f' to serialize
+boolean values and must have old data converted to 1 and 0 (its native boolean
+serialization) before setting this flag to true. Conversion can be accomplished
+by setting up a rake task which runs
+
+  ExampleModel.where("boolean_column = 't'").update_all(boolean_column: 1)
+  ExampleModel.where("boolean_column = 't'").update_all(boolean_column: 0)
+
+for all models and all boolean columns, after which the flag must be set to
+true by adding the following to your application.rb file:
+
+  ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter.represent_boolean_as_integer = true
+MSG
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
   end
 end

activerecord/test/cases/adapters/postgresql/quoting_test.rb

@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ def setup
         end
 
         def test_type_cast_true
-          assert_equal "t", @conn.type_cast(true)
+          assert_equal true, @conn.type_cast(true)
         end
 
         def test_type_cast_false
-          assert_equal "f", @conn.type_cast(false)
+          assert_equal false, @conn.type_cast(false)
         end
 
         def test_quote_float_nan

activerecord/test/cases/adapters/sqlite3/quoting_test.rb

@@ -5,6 +5,11 @@
 class SQLite3QuotingTest < ActiveRecord::SQLite3TestCase
   def setup
     @conn = ActiveRecord::Base.connection
+    @initial_represent_boolean_as_integer = ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter.represent_boolean_as_integer
+  end
+
+  def teardown
+    ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter.represent_boolean_as_integer = @initial_represent_boolean_as_integer
   end
 
   def test_type_cast_binary_encoding_without_logger
@@ -15,11 +20,19 @@ def test_type_cast_binary_encoding_without_logger
   end
 
   def test_type_cast_true
+    ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter.represent_boolean_as_integer = false
     assert_equal "t", @conn.type_cast(true)
+
+    ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter.represent_boolean_as_integer = true
+    assert_equal 1, @conn.type_cast(true)
   end
 
   def test_type_cast_false
+    ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter.represent_boolean_as_integer = false
     assert_equal "f", @conn.type_cast(false)
+
+    ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter.represent_boolean_as_integer = true
+    assert_equal 0, @conn.type_cast(false)
   end
 
   def test_type_cast_bigdecimal

activerecord/test/cases/quoting_test.rb

@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ def setup
       end
 
       def test_quoted_true
-        assert_equal "'t'", @quoter.quoted_true
+        assert_equal "TRUE", @quoter.quoted_true
       end
 
       def test_quoted_false
-        assert_equal "'f'", @quoter.quoted_false
+        assert_equal "FALSE", @quoter.quoted_false
       end
 
       def test_quote_column_name

guides/source/configuring.md

@@ -375,6 +375,28 @@ The MySQL adapter adds one additional configuration option:
 
 * `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::Mysql2Adapter.emulate_booleans` controls whether Active Record will consider all `tinyint(1)` columns as booleans. Defaults to `true`.
 
+The SQLite3Adapter adapter adds one additional configuration option:
+
+* `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter.represent_boolean_as_integer`
+indicates whether boolean values are stored in sqlite3 databases as 1 and 0 or
+'t' and 'f'. Leaving `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter.represent_boolean_as_integer`
+set to false is deprecated. SQLite databases have used 't' and 'f' to serialize
+boolean values and must have old data converted to 1 and 0 (its native boolean
+serialization) before setting this flag to true. Conversion can be accomplished
+by setting up a rake task which runs
+
+    ```ruby
+    ExampleModel.where("boolean_column = 't'").update_all(boolean_column: 1)
+    ExampleModel.where("boolean_column = 't'").update_all(boolean_column: 0)
+    ```
+
+  for all models and all boolean columns, after which the flag must be set to true
+by adding the following to your application.rb file:
+
+    ```ruby
+    ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter.represent_boolean_as_integer = true
+    ```
+
 The schema dumper adds one additional configuration option:
 
 * `ActiveRecord::SchemaDumper.ignore_tables` accepts an array of tables that should _not_ be included in any generated schema file. This setting is ignored unless `config.active_record.schema_format == :ruby`.

railties/lib/rails/application/configuration.rb

@@ -86,6 +86,10 @@ def load_defaults(target_version)
 
           if respond_to?(:active_record)
             active_record.cache_versioning = true
+            # Remove the temporary load hook from SQLite3Adapter when this is removed
+            ActiveSupport.on_load(:active_record_sqlite3adapter) do
+              ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter.represent_boolean_as_integer = true
+            end
           end
 
           if respond_to?(:action_dispatch)

railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/initializers/new_framework_defaults_5_2.rb.tt

@@ -21,3 +21,7 @@
 # Add default protection from forgery to ActionController::Base instead of in
 # ApplicationController.
 # Rails.application.config.action_controller.default_protect_from_forgery = true
+
+# Store boolean values are in sqlite3 databases as 1 and 0 instead of 't' and
+# 'f' after migrating old data.
+# ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter.represent_boolean_as_integer = true

railties/test/application/configuration_test.rb

@@ -1585,6 +1585,34 @@ def index
       assert_equal({}, Rails.application.config.my_custom_config)
     end
 
+    test "default SQLite3Adapter.represent_boolean_as_integer for 5.1 is false" do
+      remove_from_config '.*config\.load_defaults.*\n'
+      add_to_top_of_config <<-RUBY
+        config.load_defaults 5.1
+      RUBY
+      app_file "app/models/post.rb", <<-RUBY
+        class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
+        end
+      RUBY
+
+      app "development"
+      Post.object_id # force lazy load hooks to run
+
+      assert_not ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter.represent_boolean_as_integer
+    end
+
+    test "default SQLite3Adapter.represent_boolean_as_integer for new installs is true" do
+      app_file "app/models/post.rb", <<-RUBY
+        class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
+        end
+      RUBY
+
+      app "development"
+      Post.object_id # force lazy load hooks to run
+
+      assert ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter.represent_boolean_as_integer
+    end
+
     test "config_for containing ERB tags should evaluate" do
       app_file "config/custom.yml", <<-RUBY
       development: