Avoid infinite recursion when bad values are passed to tz aware fields

We had previously updated this to attempt to map over whatever was
passed in, so that additional types like range and array could benefit
from this behavior without the time zone converter having to deal with
every known type.

However, the default behavior of a type is to just yield the given value
to `map`, which means that if we don't actually know how to handle a
value, we'll just recurse infinitely. Since both uses of `map` in this
case occur in cases where we know receiving the same object will
recurse, we can just break on reference equality.

Fixes #23241.

activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/time_zone_conversion.rb

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ def cast(value)
               nil
             end
           else
-            map(super) { |t| cast(t) }
+            map_avoiding_infinite_recursion(super) { |v| cast(v) }
           end
         end
 
@@ -34,13 +34,23 @@ def convert_time_to_time_zone(value)
           elsif value.is_a?(::Float)
             value
           else
-            map(value) { |v| convert_time_to_time_zone(v) }
+            map_avoiding_infinite_recursion(value) { |v| convert_time_to_time_zone(v) }
           end
         end
 
         def set_time_zone_without_conversion(value)
           ::Time.zone.local_to_utc(value).in_time_zone
         end
+
+        def map_avoiding_infinite_recursion(value)
+          map(value) do |v|
+            if value.equal?(v)
+              nil
+            else
+              yield(value)
+            end
+          end
+        end
       end
 
       extend ActiveSupport::Concern

activerecord/test/cases/attribute_methods_test.rb

@@ -714,6 +714,13 @@ def test_removing_time_zone_aware_types
     end
   end
 
+  def test_time_zone_aware_attributes_dont_recurse_infinitely_on_invalid_values
+    in_time_zone "Pacific Time (US & Canada)" do
+      record = @target.new(bonus_time: [])
+      assert_equal nil, record.bonus_time
+    end
+  end
+
   def test_setting_time_zone_conversion_for_attributes_should_write_value_on_class_variable
     Topic.skip_time_zone_conversion_for_attributes = [:field_a]
     Minimalistic.skip_time_zone_conversion_for_attributes = [:field_b]