Add script folder and generator (#52335)

Add a new script default folder to hold one-off or general purpose
scripts, such as data migration scripts, cleanup scripts, etc. Also add
a script generator to create such scripts.

Co-authored-by: Haroon Ahmed <haroon.ahmed25@gmail.com>

guides/source/getting_started.md

@@ -187,6 +187,7 @@ of the files and folders that Rails creates by default:
 |public/|Contains static files and compiled assets. When your app is running, this directory will be exposed as-is.|
 |Rakefile|This file locates and loads tasks that can be run from the command line. The task definitions are defined throughout the components of Rails. Rather than changing `Rakefile`, you should add your own tasks by adding files to the `lib/tasks` directory of your application.|
 |README.md|This is a brief instruction manual for your application. You should edit this file to tell others what your application does, how to set it up, and so on.|
+|script/|Contains one-off or general purpose [scripts](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/main/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/script/USAGE) and [benchmarks](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/main/railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/benchmark/USAGE).|
 |storage/|Active Storage files for Disk Service. This is covered in [Active Storage Overview](active_storage_overview.html).|
 |test/|Unit tests, fixtures, and other test apparatus. These are covered in [Testing Rails Applications](testing.html).|
 |tmp/|Temporary files (like cache and pid files).|

railties/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,3 +1,18 @@
+*   Add script folder and generator
+
+    Add a new script default folder to hold your one-off or general purpose
+    scripts, such as data migration scripts, cleanup scripts, etc.
+
+    A new script generator allows you to create such scripts:
+
+      `rails generate script my_script`
+
+    You can run the generated script using:
+
+      `ruby script/my_script.rb`
+
+    *Jerome Dalbert*, *Haroon Ahmed*
+
 *   Enable tracking route source locations only when using routes command. Previously,
     it was enabled in development mode, but is only needed for `bin/rails routes -E`.
 

railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/app_generator.rb

@@ -232,6 +232,10 @@ def public_directory
       directory "public", "public", recursive: false
     end
 
+    def script
+      empty_directory_with_keep_file "script"
+    end
+
     def storage
       empty_directory_with_keep_file "storage"
       empty_directory_with_keep_file "tmp/storage"
@@ -445,6 +449,11 @@ def create_public_files
         build(:public_directory)
       end
 
+      def create_script_folder
+        return if options[:dummy_app]
+        build(:script)
+      end
+
       def create_tmp_files
         build(:tmp)
       end

railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/script/USAGE

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+Description:
+    Generate a one-off or general purpose script, such as a data migration
+    script, cleanup script, etc.
+
+Example:
+    `bin/rails generate script my_script`
+
+    This will create:
+        script/my_script.rb
+
+    You can run the script using:
+        `ruby script/my_script.rb`
+
+    You can specify a folder:
+        `bin/rails generate script cleanup/my_script`
+
+    This will create:
+        script/cleanup/my_script.rb

railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/script/script_generator.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "rails/generators/named_base"
+
+module Rails
+  module Generators
+    class ScriptGenerator < NamedBase
+      def generate_script
+        template("script.rb.tt", "script/#{file_path}.rb")
+      end
+
+      private
+        def depth
+          class_path.size + 1
+        end
+    end
+  end
+end

railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/script/templates/script.rb.tt

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+require_relative "<%= '../' * depth %>config/environment"
+
+# Your code goes here

railties/test/generators/app_generator_test.rb

@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@
   public/icon.png
   public/icon.svg
   public/robots.txt
+  script/.keep
   storage/.keep
   test/application_system_test_case.rb
   test/channels/application_cable/connection_test.rb
@@ -1048,6 +1049,7 @@ def test_create_keeps
       lib/tasks
       lib/assets
       log
+      script
       test/fixtures/files
       test/controllers
       test/mailers

railties/test/generators/script_generator_test.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "generators/generators_test_helper"
+require "rails/generators/rails/script/script_generator"
+
+module Rails
+  module Generators
+    class ScriptGeneratorTest < Rails::Generators::TestCase
+      include GeneratorsTestHelper
+
+      def test_generate_script
+        run_generator ["my_script"]
+
+        assert_file "script/my_script.rb" do |script|
+          assert_match('require_relative "../config/environment"', script)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def test_generate_script_with_folder
+        run_generator ["my_folder/my_script"]
+
+        assert_file "script/my_folder/my_script.rb" do |script|
+          assert_match('require_relative "../../config/environment"', script)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end