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<meta name="description" content="Rules that help you discover design issues.">
<meta name="keywords" content=" Design, AvoidDeeplyNestedIfStmts, UnusedMethod, CyclomaticComplexity, CognitiveComplexity, ExcessiveClassLength, ExcessiveParameterList, ExcessivePublicCount, NcssConstructorCount, NcssMethodCount, NcssTypeCount, StdCyclomaticComplexity, TooManyFields">
<title>Design | PMD Source Code Analyzer</title>
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<a href="./" role="button"
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» Design
<a
target="_blank"
href="https://github.com/pmd/pmd/blob/main/docs/../pmd-apex/src/main/resources/category/apex/design.xml"
class="float-right"
role="button"
><i class="fab fa-github fa-lg"></i> Edit on GitHub</a
>
</div>
</div>
<hr />
</header>
<div class="post-header">
<h1 class="post-title-main">Design</h1>
</div>
<div class="post-content" data-github-edit-url="https://github.com/pmd/pmd/blob/main/docs/../pmd-apex/src/main/resources/category/apex/design.xml">
<div class="summary">Rules that help you discover design issues.</div>
<details id="inline-toc-details">
<summary>Table of Contents</summary>
<div id="inline-toc"><!-- empty, move TOC here when screen size too small --></div>
</details>
<!-- DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. This file is generated from file ../pmd-apex/src/main/resources/category/apex/design.xml. -->
<h2 id="avoiddeeplynestedifstmts">AvoidDeeplyNestedIfStmts</h2>
<p><strong>Since:</strong> PMD 5.5.0</p>
<p><strong>Priority:</strong> Medium (3)</p>
<p>Avoid creating deeply nested if-then statements since they are harder to read and error-prone to maintain.</p>
<p><strong>This rule is defined by the following Java class:</strong> <a href="https://github.com/pmd/pmd/blob/main/pmd-apex/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/apex/rule/design/AvoidDeeplyNestedIfStmtsRule.java">net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.apex.rule.design.AvoidDeeplyNestedIfStmtsRule</a></p>
<p><strong>Example(s):</strong></p>
<div class="language-java highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">Foo</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">bar</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nc">Integer</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nc">Integer</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nc">Integer</span> <span class="n">z</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="n">z</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">z</span><span class="o">==</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="c1">// !! too deep</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>This rule has the following properties:</strong></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Default Value</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>problemDepth</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>The if statement depth reporting threshold</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong>Use this rule with the default properties by just referencing it:</strong></p>
<div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt">&lt;rule</span> <span class="na">ref=</span><span class="s">"category/apex/design.xml/AvoidDeeplyNestedIfStmts"</span> <span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>Use this rule and customize it:</strong></p>
<div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt">&lt;rule</span> <span class="na">ref=</span><span class="s">"category/apex/design.xml/AvoidDeeplyNestedIfStmts"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;properties&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"problemDepth"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"3"</span> <span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/properties&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/rule&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<h2 id="cognitivecomplexity">CognitiveComplexity</h2>
<p><strong>Since:</strong> PMD 6.22.0</p>
<p><strong>Priority:</strong> Medium (3)</p>
<p>Methods that are highly complex are difficult to read and more costly to maintain. If you include too much decisional
logic within a single method, you make its behavior hard to understand and more difficult to modify.</p>
<p>Cognitive complexity is a measure of how difficult it is for humans to read and understand a method. Code that contains
a break in the control flow is more complex, whereas the use of language shorthands doesn’t increase the level of
complexity. Nested control flows can make a method more difficult to understand, with each additional nesting of the
control flow leading to an increase in cognitive complexity.</p>
<p>Information about Cognitive complexity can be found in the original paper here:
<a href="https://www.sonarsource.com/docs/CognitiveComplexity.pdf">https://www.sonarsource.com/docs/CognitiveComplexity.pdf</a></p>
<p>By default, this rule reports methods with a complexity of 15 or more. Reported methods should be broken down into less
complex components.</p>
<p><strong>This rule is defined by the following Java class:</strong> <a href="https://github.com/pmd/pmd/blob/main/pmd-apex/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/apex/rule/design/CognitiveComplexityRule.java">net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.apex.rule.design.CognitiveComplexityRule</a></p>
<p><strong>Example(s):</strong></p>
<div class="language-java highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">Foo</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="c1">// Has a cognitive complexity of 0</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">createAccount</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="nc">Account</span> <span class="n">account</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nc">Account</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nc">Name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="err">'</span><span class="no">PMD</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="n">insert</span> <span class="n">account</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="c1">// Has a cognitive complexity of 1</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="nc">Boolean</span> <span class="nf">setPhoneNumberIfNotExisting</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nc">Account</span> <span class="n">a</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nc">String</span> <span class="n">phone</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Phone</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="kc">null</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span> <span class="c1">// +1</span>
<span class="n">a</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Phone</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">phone</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="n">update</span> <span class="n">a</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">true</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">false</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="c1">// Has a cognitive complexity of 4</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">updateContacts</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nc">List</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nc">Contact</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">contacts</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="nc">List</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nc">Contact</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">contactsToUpdate</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nc">List</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nc">Contact</span><span class="o">&gt;();</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="nc">Contact</span> <span class="n">contact</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">contacts</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span> <span class="c1">// +1</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">contact</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Department</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="err">'</span><span class="nc">Finance</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span> <span class="c1">// +2 (nesting = 1)</span>
<span class="n">contact</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Title</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="err">'</span><span class="nc">Finance</span> <span class="nc">Specialist</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="n">contactsToUpdate</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">contact</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="o">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">contact</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Department</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="err">'</span><span class="nc">Sales</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span> <span class="c1">// +1</span>
<span class="n">contact</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Title</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="err">'</span><span class="nc">Sales</span> <span class="nc">Specialist</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="n">contactsToUpdate</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">contact</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="n">update</span> <span class="n">contactsToUpdate</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>This rule has the following properties:</strong></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Default Value</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>classReportLevel</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>Total class cognitive complexity reporting threshold</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>methodReportLevel</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>Cognitive complexity reporting threshold</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong>Use this rule with the default properties by just referencing it:</strong></p>
<div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt">&lt;rule</span> <span class="na">ref=</span><span class="s">"category/apex/design.xml/CognitiveComplexity"</span> <span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>Use this rule and customize it:</strong></p>
<div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt">&lt;rule</span> <span class="na">ref=</span><span class="s">"category/apex/design.xml/CognitiveComplexity"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;properties&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"classReportLevel"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"50"</span> <span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"methodReportLevel"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"15"</span> <span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/properties&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/rule&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<h2 id="cyclomaticcomplexity">CyclomaticComplexity</h2>
<p><strong>Since:</strong> PMD 6.0.0</p>
<p><strong>Priority:</strong> Medium (3)</p>
<p>The complexity of methods directly affects maintenance costs and readability. Concentrating too much decisional logic
in a single method makes its behaviour hard to read and change.</p>
<p>Cyclomatic complexity assesses the complexity of a method by counting the number of decision points in a method,
plus one for the method entry. Decision points are places where the control flow jumps to another place in the
program. As such, they include all control flow statements, such as ‘if’, ‘while’, ‘for’, and ‘case’.</p>
<p>Generally, numbers ranging from 1-4 denote low complexity, 5-7 denote moderate complexity, 8-10 denote
high complexity, and 11+ is very high complexity. By default, this rule reports methods with a complexity &gt;= 10.
Additionally, classes with many methods of moderate complexity get reported as well once the total of their
methods’ complexities reaches 40, even if none of the methods was directly reported.</p>
<p>Reported methods should be broken down into several smaller methods. Reported classes should probably be broken down
into subcomponents.</p>
<p><strong>This rule is defined by the following Java class:</strong> <a href="https://github.com/pmd/pmd/blob/main/pmd-apex/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/apex/rule/design/CyclomaticComplexityRule.java">net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.apex.rule.design.CyclomaticComplexityRule</a></p>
<p><strong>Example(s):</strong></p>
<div class="language-java highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">Complicated</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">example</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{</span> <span class="c1">// This method has a cyclomatic complexity of 12</span>
<span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">z</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">t</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="kt">boolean</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">false</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">b</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">true</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">false</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">true</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="n">b</span> <span class="o">||</span> <span class="n">b</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">z</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="o">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">t</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="o">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="o">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="k">while</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">z</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="o">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="o">++)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>This rule has the following properties:</strong></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Default Value</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>classReportLevel</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>Total class complexity reporting threshold</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>methodReportLevel</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>Cyclomatic complexity reporting threshold</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong>Use this rule with the default properties by just referencing it:</strong></p>
<div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt">&lt;rule</span> <span class="na">ref=</span><span class="s">"category/apex/design.xml/CyclomaticComplexity"</span> <span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>Use this rule and customize it:</strong></p>
<div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt">&lt;rule</span> <span class="na">ref=</span><span class="s">"category/apex/design.xml/CyclomaticComplexity"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;properties&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"classReportLevel"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"40"</span> <span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"methodReportLevel"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"10"</span> <span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/properties&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/rule&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<h2 id="excessiveclasslength">ExcessiveClassLength</h2>
<p><strong>Since:</strong> PMD 5.5.0</p>
<p><strong>Priority:</strong> Medium (3)</p>
<p>Excessive class file lengths are usually indications that the class may be burdened with excessive
responsibilities that could be provided by external classes or functions. In breaking these methods
apart the code becomes more managable and ripe for reuse.</p>
<p><strong>This rule is defined by the following Java class:</strong> <a href="https://github.com/pmd/pmd/blob/main/pmd-apex/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/apex/rule/design/ExcessiveClassLengthRule.java">net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.apex.rule.design.ExcessiveClassLengthRule</a></p>
<p><strong>Example(s):</strong></p>
<div class="language-java highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">Foo</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">bar1</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="c1">// 1000 lines of code</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">bar2</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="c1">// 1000 lines of code</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">bar3</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="c1">// 1000 lines of code</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">barN</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="c1">// 1000 lines of code</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>This rule has the following properties:</strong></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Default Value</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>minimum</td>
<td>1000</td>
<td>Threshold above which a node is reported</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong>Use this rule with the default properties by just referencing it:</strong></p>
<div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt">&lt;rule</span> <span class="na">ref=</span><span class="s">"category/apex/design.xml/ExcessiveClassLength"</span> <span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>Use this rule and customize it:</strong></p>
<div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt">&lt;rule</span> <span class="na">ref=</span><span class="s">"category/apex/design.xml/ExcessiveClassLength"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;properties&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"minimum"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"1000"</span> <span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/properties&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/rule&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<h2 id="excessiveparameterlist">ExcessiveParameterList</h2>
<p><strong>Since:</strong> PMD 5.5.0</p>
<p><strong>Priority:</strong> Medium (3)</p>
<p>Methods with numerous parameters are a challenge to maintain, especially if most of them share the
same datatype. These situations usually denote the need for new objects to wrap the numerous parameters.</p>
<p><strong>This rule is defined by the following Java class:</strong> <a href="https://github.com/pmd/pmd/blob/main/pmd-apex/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/apex/rule/design/ExcessiveParameterListRule.java">net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.apex.rule.design.ExcessiveParameterListRule</a></p>
<p><strong>Example(s):</strong></p>
<div class="language-java highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// too many arguments liable to be mixed up</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">addPerson</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nc">Integer</span> <span class="n">birthYear</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nc">Integer</span> <span class="n">birthMonth</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nc">Integer</span> <span class="n">birthDate</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nc">Integer</span> <span class="n">height</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nc">Integer</span> <span class="n">weight</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nc">Integer</span> <span class="n">ssn</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="c1">// ...</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="c1">// preferred approach</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">addPerson</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nc">Date</span> <span class="n">birthdate</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nc">BodyMeasurements</span> <span class="n">measurements</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">ssn</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="c1">// ...</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>This rule has the following properties:</strong></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Default Value</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>minimum</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>Threshold above which a node is reported</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong>Use this rule with the default properties by just referencing it:</strong></p>
<div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt">&lt;rule</span> <span class="na">ref=</span><span class="s">"category/apex/design.xml/ExcessiveParameterList"</span> <span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>Use this rule and customize it:</strong></p>
<div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt">&lt;rule</span> <span class="na">ref=</span><span class="s">"category/apex/design.xml/ExcessiveParameterList"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;properties&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"minimum"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"4"</span> <span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/properties&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/rule&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<h2 id="excessivepubliccount">ExcessivePublicCount</h2>
<p><strong>Since:</strong> PMD 5.5.0</p>
<p><strong>Priority:</strong> Medium (3)</p>
<p>Classes with large numbers of public methods, attributes, and properties require disproportionate testing efforts
since combinatorial side effects grow rapidly and increase risk. Refactoring these classes into
smaller ones not only increases testability and reliability but also allows new variations to be
developed easily.</p>
<p><strong>This rule is defined by the following Java class:</strong> <a href="https://github.com/pmd/pmd/blob/main/pmd-apex/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/apex/rule/design/ExcessivePublicCountRule.java">net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.apex.rule.design.ExcessivePublicCountRule</a></p>
<p><strong>Example(s):</strong></p>
<div class="language-java highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">Foo</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="nc">String</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="nc">Bar</span> <span class="n">something</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="nc">Variable</span> <span class="kt">var</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="c1">// [... more more public attributes ...]</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">doWork</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{}</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">doMoreWork</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{}</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">doWorkAgain</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{}</span>
<span class="c1">// [... more more public methods ...]</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="nc">String</span> <span class="n">property1</span> <span class="o">{</span> <span class="n">get</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="n">set</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="o">}</span>
<span class="c1">// [... more more public properties ...]</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>This rule has the following properties:</strong></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Default Value</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>minimum</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>Threshold above which a node is reported</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong>Use this rule with the default properties by just referencing it:</strong></p>
<div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt">&lt;rule</span> <span class="na">ref=</span><span class="s">"category/apex/design.xml/ExcessivePublicCount"</span> <span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>Use this rule and customize it:</strong></p>
<div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt">&lt;rule</span> <span class="na">ref=</span><span class="s">"category/apex/design.xml/ExcessivePublicCount"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;properties&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"minimum"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"20"</span> <span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/properties&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/rule&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<h2 id="ncssconstructorcount">NcssConstructorCount</h2>
<p><strong>Since:</strong> PMD 5.5.0</p>
<p><strong>Priority:</strong> Medium (3)</p>
<p>This rule uses the NCSS (Non-Commenting Source Statements) algorithm to determine the number of lines
of code for a given constructor. NCSS ignores comments, and counts actual statements. Using this algorithm,
lines of code that are split are counted as one.</p>
<p><strong>This rule is defined by the following Java class:</strong> <a href="https://github.com/pmd/pmd/blob/main/pmd-apex/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/apex/rule/design/NcssConstructorCountRule.java">net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.apex.rule.design.NcssConstructorCountRule</a></p>
<p><strong>Example(s):</strong></p>
<div class="language-java highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">Foo</span> <span class="kd">extends</span> <span class="nc">Bar</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="c1">//this constructor only has 1 NCSS lines</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="nf">Foo</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="kd">super</span><span class="o">();</span>
<span class="kd">super</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">foo</span><span class="o">();</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>This rule has the following properties:</strong></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Default Value</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>minimum</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>Threshold above which a node is reported</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong>Use this rule with the default properties by just referencing it:</strong></p>
<div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt">&lt;rule</span> <span class="na">ref=</span><span class="s">"category/apex/design.xml/NcssConstructorCount"</span> <span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>Use this rule and customize it:</strong></p>
<div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt">&lt;rule</span> <span class="na">ref=</span><span class="s">"category/apex/design.xml/NcssConstructorCount"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;properties&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"minimum"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"20"</span> <span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/properties&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/rule&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<h2 id="ncssmethodcount">NcssMethodCount</h2>
<p><strong>Since:</strong> PMD 5.5.0</p>
<p><strong>Priority:</strong> Medium (3)</p>
<p>This rule uses the NCSS (Non-Commenting Source Statements) algorithm to determine the number of lines
of code for a given method. NCSS ignores comments, and counts actual statements. Using this algorithm,
lines of code that are split are counted as one.</p>
<p><strong>This rule is defined by the following Java class:</strong> <a href="https://github.com/pmd/pmd/blob/main/pmd-apex/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/apex/rule/design/NcssMethodCountRule.java">net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.apex.rule.design.NcssMethodCountRule</a></p>
<p><strong>Example(s):</strong></p>
<div class="language-java highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">Foo</span> <span class="kd">extends</span> <span class="nc">Bar</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="c1">//this method only has 1 NCSS lines</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="nc">Integer</span> <span class="nf">method</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="kd">super</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">method</span><span class="o">();</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>This rule has the following properties:</strong></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Default Value</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>minimum</td>
<td>40</td>
<td>Threshold above which a node is reported</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong>Use this rule with the default properties by just referencing it:</strong></p>
<div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt">&lt;rule</span> <span class="na">ref=</span><span class="s">"category/apex/design.xml/NcssMethodCount"</span> <span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>Use this rule and customize it:</strong></p>
<div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt">&lt;rule</span> <span class="na">ref=</span><span class="s">"category/apex/design.xml/NcssMethodCount"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;properties&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"minimum"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"40"</span> <span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/properties&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/rule&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<h2 id="ncsstypecount">NcssTypeCount</h2>
<p><strong>Since:</strong> PMD 5.5.0</p>
<p><strong>Priority:</strong> Medium (3)</p>
<p>This rule uses the NCSS (Non-Commenting Source Statements) algorithm to determine the number of lines
of code for a given type. NCSS ignores comments, and counts actual statements. Using this algorithm,
lines of code that are split are counted as one.</p>
<p><strong>This rule is defined by the following Java class:</strong> <a href="https://github.com/pmd/pmd/blob/main/pmd-apex/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/apex/rule/design/NcssTypeCountRule.java">net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.apex.rule.design.NcssTypeCountRule</a></p>
<p><strong>Example(s):</strong></p>
<div class="language-java highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">//this class only has 6 NCSS lines</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">Foo</span> <span class="kd">extends</span> <span class="nc">Bar</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="nf">Foo</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="kd">super</span><span class="o">();</span>
<span class="kd">super</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">foo</span><span class="o">();</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>This rule has the following properties:</strong></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Default Value</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>minimum</td>
<td>500</td>
<td>Threshold above which a node is reported</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong>Use this rule with the default properties by just referencing it:</strong></p>
<div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt">&lt;rule</span> <span class="na">ref=</span><span class="s">"category/apex/design.xml/NcssTypeCount"</span> <span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>Use this rule and customize it:</strong></p>
<div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt">&lt;rule</span> <span class="na">ref=</span><span class="s">"category/apex/design.xml/NcssTypeCount"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;properties&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"minimum"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"500"</span> <span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/properties&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/rule&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<h2 id="stdcyclomaticcomplexity">StdCyclomaticComplexity</h2>
<p><strong>Since:</strong> PMD 5.5.0</p>
<p><strong>Priority:</strong> Medium (3)</p>
<p>Complexity directly affects maintenance costs is determined by the number of decision points in a method
plus one for the method entry. The decision points include ‘if’, ‘while’, ‘for’, and ‘case labels’ calls.
Generally, numbers ranging from 1-4 denote low complexity, 5-7 denote moderate complexity, 8-10 denote
high complexity, and 11+ is very high complexity.</p>
<p><strong>This rule is defined by the following Java class:</strong> <a href="https://github.com/pmd/pmd/blob/main/pmd-apex/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/apex/rule/design/StdCyclomaticComplexityRule.java">net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.apex.rule.design.StdCyclomaticComplexityRule</a></p>
<p><strong>Example(s):</strong></p>
<div class="language-java highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// This has a Cyclomatic Complexity = 12</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">Foo</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="mi">1</span> <span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">example</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="mi">2</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">b</span> <span class="o">||</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="n">e</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">f</span><span class="o">))</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="mi">3</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">a1</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">b1</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="n">fiddle</span><span class="o">();</span>
<span class="mi">4</span> <span class="o">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">a2</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">b2</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="n">fiddle</span><span class="o">();</span>
<span class="o">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="n">fiddle</span><span class="o">();</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="mi">5</span> <span class="o">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="mi">6</span> <span class="k">while</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="n">fiddle</span><span class="o">();</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="mi">7</span> <span class="o">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">e</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">f</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="mi">8</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="n">h</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="o">++)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="n">fiddle</span><span class="o">();</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="o">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="k">switch</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">z</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="mi">9</span> <span class="k">case</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="n">fiddle</span><span class="o">();</span>
<span class="k">break</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="mi">10</span> <span class="k">case</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="n">fiddle</span><span class="o">();</span>
<span class="k">break</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="mi">11</span> <span class="k">case</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="n">fiddle</span><span class="o">();</span>
<span class="k">break</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="mi">12</span> <span class="k">default</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="n">fiddle</span><span class="o">();</span>
<span class="k">break</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>This rule has the following properties:</strong></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Default Value</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>reportLevel</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>Cyclomatic Complexity reporting threshold</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>showClassesComplexity</td>
<td>true</td>
<td>Add class average violations to the report</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>showMethodsComplexity</td>
<td>true</td>
<td>Add method average violations to the report</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong>Use this rule with the default properties by just referencing it:</strong></p>
<div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt">&lt;rule</span> <span class="na">ref=</span><span class="s">"category/apex/design.xml/StdCyclomaticComplexity"</span> <span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>Use this rule and customize it:</strong></p>
<div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt">&lt;rule</span> <span class="na">ref=</span><span class="s">"category/apex/design.xml/StdCyclomaticComplexity"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;properties&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"reportLevel"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"10"</span> <span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"showClassesComplexity"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"true"</span> <span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"showMethodsComplexity"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"true"</span> <span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/properties&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/rule&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<h2 id="toomanyfields">TooManyFields</h2>
<p><strong>Since:</strong> PMD 5.5.0</p>
<p><strong>Priority:</strong> Medium (3)</p>
<p>Classes that have too many fields can become unwieldy and could be redesigned to have fewer fields,
possibly through grouping related fields in new objects. For example, a class with individual
city/state/zip fields could park them within a single Address field.</p>
<p><strong>This rule is defined by the following Java class:</strong> <a href="https://github.com/pmd/pmd/blob/main/pmd-apex/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/apex/rule/design/TooManyFieldsRule.java">net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.apex.rule.design.TooManyFieldsRule</a></p>
<p><strong>Example(s):</strong></p>
<div class="language-java highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">Person</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="c1">// too many separate fields</span>
<span class="nc">Integer</span> <span class="n">birthYear</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="nc">Integer</span> <span class="n">birthMonth</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="nc">Integer</span> <span class="n">birthDate</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="nc">Double</span> <span class="n">height</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="nc">Double</span> <span class="n">weight</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">Person</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="c1">// this is more manageable</span>
<span class="nc">Date</span> <span class="n">birthDate</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="nc">BodyMeasurements</span> <span class="n">measurements</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>This rule has the following properties:</strong></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Default Value</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>maxfields</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>Max allowable fields</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong>Use this rule with the default properties by just referencing it:</strong></p>
<div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt">&lt;rule</span> <span class="na">ref=</span><span class="s">"category/apex/design.xml/TooManyFields"</span> <span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>Use this rule and customize it:</strong></p>
<div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt">&lt;rule</span> <span class="na">ref=</span><span class="s">"category/apex/design.xml/TooManyFields"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;properties&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"maxfields"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"15"</span> <span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/properties&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/rule&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<h2 id="unusedmethod">UnusedMethod</h2>
<p><strong>Since:</strong> PMD 7.0.0</p>
<p><strong>Priority:</strong> Medium (3)</p>
<p>Avoid having unused methods since they make understanding and maintaining code harder.</p>
<p>This rule finds not only unused private methods, but public methods as well.</p>
<p><a href="https://github.com/nawforce/ApexLink">ApexLink</a> is used to make this possible and this needs
additional configuration. The environment variable <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">PMD_APEX_ROOT_DIRECTORY</code> needs to be set prior to executing
PMD. With this variable the root directory of the Salesforce metadata, where <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">sfdx-project.json</code> resides, is
specified. ApexLink can then load all the classes in the project and figure out, whether a method is used or not.</p>
<p>For an accurate analysis it is important that the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">PMD_APEX_ROOT_DIRECTORY</code> contains a complete set of metadata that
may be referenced from the Apex source code, such as Custom Objects, Visualforce Pages, Flows and Labels. The
<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">PMD_APEX_ROOT_DIRECTORY</code> directory must contain a <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">sfdx-project.json</code>, but metadata may be either in the
<a href="https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.sfdx_dev.meta/sfdx_dev/sfdx_dev_source_file_format.htm">SFDX Source format</a>
or the older MDAPI format. The <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">packageDirectories</code> entries in <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">sfdx-project.json</code> are used to determine which
directories to search for metadata, if a <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">.forceignore</code> file is present it will be respected.</p>
<p>If the Apex code references external packages via namespace(s) you should declare these in your <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">sfdx-project.json</code>
file using the ‘plugins’ syntax shown in the example below to avoid errors. Here’s an example of a
well-formed <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">sfdx-project.json</code>:</p>
<div class="language-json highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="nl">"packageDirectories"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="nl">"path"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"src"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="nl">"default"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="nl">"namespace"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"my_namespace"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="nl">"sfdcLoginUrl"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"https://login.salesforce.com"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="nl">"sourceApiVersion"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"52.0"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="nl">"plugins"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="nl">"dependencies"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nl">"namespace"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"aa"</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">
</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">
</span></code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>This rule is defined by the following Java class:</strong> <a href="https://github.com/pmd/pmd/blob/main/pmd-apex/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/apex/rule/design/UnusedMethodRule.java">net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.apex.rule.design.UnusedMethodRule</a></p>
<p><strong>Example(s):</strong></p>
<div class="language-java highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">Triangle</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="kd">private</span> <span class="nc">Double</span> <span class="n">side1</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="kd">private</span> <span class="nc">Double</span> <span class="n">side2</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="kd">private</span> <span class="nc">Double</span> <span class="n">side3</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="nf">Triangle</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nc">Double</span> <span class="n">side1</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nc">Double</span> <span class="n">side2</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nc">Double</span> <span class="n">side3</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="k">this</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">side1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">side1</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="k">this</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">side2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">side2</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="k">this</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">side3</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">side3</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="c1">// Method is not invoked so can be removed</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="nc">Double</span> <span class="nf">area</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">side1</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">side2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">side3</span><span class="o">)/</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>Use this rule by referencing it:</strong></p>
<div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt">&lt;rule</span> <span class="na">ref=</span><span class="s">"category/apex/design.xml/UnusedMethod"</span> <span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
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