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» Writing XPath rules
<a
target="_blank"
href="https://github.com/pmd/pmd/blob/main/docs/pages/pmd/userdocs/extending/writing_xpath_rules.md"
class="float-right"
role="button"
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>
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<div class="post-header">
<h1 class="post-title-main">Writing XPath rules</h1>
</div>
<div class="post-content" data-github-edit-url="https://github.com/pmd/pmd/blob/main/docs/pages/pmd/userdocs/extending/writing_xpath_rules.md">
<div class="summary">This page describes XPath rule support in more details</div>
<details id="inline-toc-details">
<summary>Table of Contents</summary>
<div id="inline-toc"><!-- empty, move TOC here when screen size too small --></div>
</details>
<p>This page describes some points of XPath rule support in more details. See
also <a href="pmd_userdocs_extending_your_first_rule.html">the tutorial about how to write a first (XPath) rule</a>.</p>
<!-- Later we can document the specific subset of XPath features our wrappers support -->
<h2 id="xpath-version">XPath version</h2>
<p>PMD uses XPath 3.1 for its XPath rules since PMD 7. Before then, the default version was XPath 1.0,
with opt-in support for XPath 2.0.</p>
<p>See <a href="https://www.saxonica.com/html/documentation/expressions/xpath31new.html">the Saxonica documentation</a>
for an introduction to new features in XPath 3.1.</p>
<p>The property <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">version</code> of <a href="https://docs.pmd-code.org/apidocs/pmd-core/7.8.0-SNAPSHOT/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/rule/xpath/XPathRule.html#"><code>XPathRule</code></a> is deprecated and
has been removed with PMD 7.</p>
<h2 id="dom-representation-of-asts">DOM representation of ASTs</h2>
<p>XPath rules view the AST as an XML-like DOM, which is what the XPath language is
defined on. Concretely, this means:</p>
<ul>
<li>Every AST node is viewed as an XML element
<ul>
<li>The element has for local name the value of <a href="https://docs.pmd-code.org/apidocs/pmd-core/7.8.0-SNAPSHOT/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/ast/Node.html#getXPathNodeName()"><code>getXPathNodeName</code></a>
for the given node</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Some Java getters are exposed as XML attributes on those elements
<ul>
<li>This means, that documentation for attributes can be found in our Javadocs. For
example, the attribute <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@SimpleName</code> of the Java node <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">EnumDeclaration</code> is backed
by the Java getter <a href="https://docs.pmd-code.org/apidocs/pmd-java/7.8.0-SNAPSHOT/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/ast/ASTTypeDeclaration.html#getSimpleName()"><code>getSimpleName</code></a>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="value-conversion">Value conversion</h3>
<p>To represent attributes, we must map Java values to <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/xpath-datamodel/">XPath Data Model (XDM)</a>
values. In the following table we refer to the type conversion function as <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">conv</code>, a function from Java types
to XDM types.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Java type <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">T</code></th>
<th>XSD type <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">conv(T)</code></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">int</code></td>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">xs:integer</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">long</code></td>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">xs:integer</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">double</code></td>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">xs:decimal</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">float</code></td>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">xs:decimal</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">boolean</code></td>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">xs:boolean</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">String</code></td>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">xs:string</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Character</code></td>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">xs:string</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Enum&lt;E&gt;</code></td>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">xs:string</code> (uses <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Object::toString</code>)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Collection&lt;E&gt;</code></td>
<td><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">conv(E)*</code> (a sequence type)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>The same <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">conv</code> function is used to translate rule property values to XDM values.</p>
<p>Additionaly, PMD’s own <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.document.Chars</code> is also translated to a <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">xs:string</code></p>
<h2 id="rule-properties">Rule properties</h2>
<p><strong>See <a href="pmd_userdocs_extending_defining_properties.html#for-xpath-rules">Defining rule properties</a></strong></p>
<h2 id="pmd-extension-functions">PMD extension functions</h2>
<p>PMD provides some language-specific XPath functions to access semantic
information from the AST.</p>
<p>The namespace of custom PMD functions must be explicitly mentioned.</p>
<!-- Generates the documentation of XPath functions from file docs/_data/xpath_funs.yml -->
<h3 id="all-languages">All languages</h3>
<p>Functions available to all languages are in the namespace <code>pmd</code>.</p>
<div class="table-responsive">
<table width="100%">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Function name</th>
<th>Description (click for details)</th>
<th></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tr data-toggle="collapse" id="pmd-fileName" data-target="#pmd-fileName-expand" class="accordion-toggle">
<td>fileName</td>
<td>Returns the simple name of the current file</td>
<td>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-link"><i class="fas fa-ellipsis-h"></i></button>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4" class="hiddenRow">
<div class="accordion-body collapse" id="pmd-fileName-expand">
<div style="margin-left: 15px" class="xpath-fun-doc">
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<h4 class="fun-details-header" id="pmd-fileName">
<span class="fun-ns">pmd:</span><span class="fun-name">fileName</span><span class="fun-ns">() as xs:string</span>
</h4>
<div style="margin-left: 30px">
<dl>
<dd>Returns the current simple file name, without path but including the extension.
This can be used to write rules that check file naming conventions.
</dd>
<dt>Since</dt>
<dd>PMD 6.38.0</dd>
<dt>Remarks</dt>
<dd>The requires the context node to be an element</dd>
<dt>Examples</dt>
<dd>
<dl class="code-examples">
<dt><code>//b[pmd:fileName() = 'Foo.xml']</code></dt>
<dd>Matches any <code>&lt;b&gt;</code> tags in files called <code>Foo.xml</code>.</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr data-toggle="collapse" id="pmd-startLine" data-target="#pmd-startLine-expand" class="accordion-toggle">
<td>startLine</td>
<td>Returns the start line of the given node</td>
<td>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-link"><i class="fas fa-ellipsis-h"></i></button>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4" class="hiddenRow">
<div class="accordion-body collapse" id="pmd-startLine-expand">
<div style="margin-left: 15px" class="xpath-fun-doc">
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<h4 class="fun-details-header" id="pmd-startLine">
<span class="fun-ns">pmd:</span><span class="fun-name">startLine</span><span class="fun-ns">(xs:element) as xs:int</span>
</h4>
<div style="margin-left: 30px">
<dl>
<dd>Returns the line where the node starts in the source file.
Line numbers are 1-based.
</dd>
<dt>Since</dt>
<dd>PMD 6.44.0</dd>
<dt>Remarks</dt>
<dd>The function is not context-dependent, but takes a node as its first parameter.
</dd>
<dt>Parameters</dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>
<span class="param-name">element</span>
<span class="param-type"> as xs:element</span>
</dt>
<dd>Any element node</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>Examples</dt>
<dd>
<dl class="code-examples">
<dt><code>//b[pmd:startLine(.) &gt; 5]</code></dt>
<dd>Matches any <code>&lt;b&gt;</code> node which starts after the fifth line.</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr data-toggle="collapse" id="pmd-endLine" data-target="#pmd-endLine-expand" class="accordion-toggle">
<td>endLine</td>
<td>Returns the end line of the given node</td>
<td>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-link"><i class="fas fa-ellipsis-h"></i></button>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4" class="hiddenRow">
<div class="accordion-body collapse" id="pmd-endLine-expand">
<div style="margin-left: 15px" class="xpath-fun-doc">
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<h4 class="fun-details-header" id="pmd-endLine">
<span class="fun-ns">pmd:</span><span class="fun-name">endLine</span><span class="fun-ns">(xs:element) as xs:int</span>
</h4>
<div style="margin-left: 30px">
<dl>
<dd>Returns the line where the node ends in the source file.
Line numbers are 1-based.
</dd>
<dt>Since</dt>
<dd>PMD 6.44.0</dd>
<dt>Remarks</dt>
<dd>The function is not context-dependent, but takes a node as its first parameter.
</dd>
<dt>Parameters</dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>
<span class="param-name">element</span>
<span class="param-type"> as xs:element</span>
</dt>
<dd>Any element node</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>Examples</dt>
<dd>
<dl class="code-examples">
<dt><code>//b[pmd:endLine(.) == pmd:startLine(.)]</code></dt>
<dd>Matches any <code>&lt;b&gt;</code> node which doesn't span more than one line.</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr data-toggle="collapse" id="pmd-startColumn" data-target="#pmd-startColumn-expand" class="accordion-toggle">
<td>startColumn</td>
<td>Returns the start column of the given node (inclusive)</td>
<td>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-link"><i class="fas fa-ellipsis-h"></i></button>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4" class="hiddenRow">
<div class="accordion-body collapse" id="pmd-startColumn-expand">
<div style="margin-left: 15px" class="xpath-fun-doc">
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<h4 class="fun-details-header" id="pmd-startColumn">
<span class="fun-ns">pmd:</span><span class="fun-name">startColumn</span><span class="fun-ns">(xs:element) as xs:int</span>
</h4>
<div style="margin-left: 30px">
<dl>
<dd>Returns the column number where the node starts in the source file.
Column numbers are 1-based. The start column is inclusive.
</dd>
<dt>Since</dt>
<dd>PMD 6.44.0</dd>
<dt>Remarks</dt>
<dd>The function is not context-dependent, but takes a node as its first parameter.
</dd>
<dt>Parameters</dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>
<span class="param-name">element</span>
<span class="param-type"> as xs:element</span>
</dt>
<dd>Any element node</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>Examples</dt>
<dd>
<dl class="code-examples">
<dt><code>//b[pmd:startColumn(.) = 1]</code></dt>
<dd>Matches any <code>&lt;b&gt;</code> node which starts on the first column of a line</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr data-toggle="collapse" id="pmd-endColumn" data-target="#pmd-endColumn-expand" class="accordion-toggle">
<td>endColumn</td>
<td>Returns the end column of the given node (exclusive)</td>
<td>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-link"><i class="fas fa-ellipsis-h"></i></button>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4" class="hiddenRow">
<div class="accordion-body collapse" id="pmd-endColumn-expand">
<div style="margin-left: 15px" class="xpath-fun-doc">
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<h4 class="fun-details-header" id="pmd-endColumn">
<span class="fun-ns">pmd:</span><span class="fun-name">endColumn</span><span class="fun-ns">(xs:element) as xs:int</span>
</h4>
<div style="margin-left: 30px">
<dl>
<dd>Returns the column number where the node ends in the source file.
Column numbers are 1-based. The end column is exclusive.
</dd>
<dt>Since</dt>
<dd>PMD 6.44.0</dd>
<dt>Remarks</dt>
<dd>The function is not context-dependent, but takes a node as its first parameter.
</dd>
<dt>Parameters</dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>
<span class="param-name">element</span>
<span class="param-type"> as xs:element</span>
</dt>
<dd>Any element node</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>Examples</dt>
<dd>
<dl class="code-examples">
<dt><code>//b[pmd:startLine(.) = pmd:endLine(.) and pmd:endColumn(.) - pmd:startColumn(.) = 1]</code></dt>
<dd>Matches any <code>&lt;b&gt;</code> node which spans exactly one character</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<!-- Generates the documentation of XPath functions from file docs/_data/xpath_funs.yml -->
<h3 id="java">Java</h3>
<p>Java functions are in the namespace <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">pmd-java</code>.</p>
<div class="table-responsive">
<table width="100%">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Function name</th>
<th>Description (click for details)</th>
<th></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tr data-toggle="collapse" id="pmd-java-nodeIs" data-target="#pmd-java-nodeIs-expand" class="accordion-toggle">
<td>nodeIs</td>
<td>Tests the runtime type of the node instance</td>
<td>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-link"><i class="fas fa-ellipsis-h"></i></button>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4" class="hiddenRow">
<div class="accordion-body collapse" id="pmd-java-nodeIs-expand">
<div style="margin-left: 15px" class="xpath-fun-doc">
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<h4 class="fun-details-header" id="pmd-java-nodeIs">
<span class="fun-ns">pmd-java:</span><span class="fun-name">nodeIs</span><span class="fun-ns">(xs:string) as xs:boolean</span>
</h4>
<div style="margin-left: 30px">
<dl>
<dd>Returns true if the runtime type of the AST node is a subtype of the given class. Contrary to typeIs, this tests the type of the AST node. For example, the AST node for a literal (e.g. <code>5d</code>) has type ASTNumericLiteral, and this function will ignore the static type of the expression (double)</dd>
<dt>Remarks</dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt>Parameters</dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>
<span class="param-name">nodeClassName</span>
<span class="param-type"> as xs:string</span>
</dt>
<dd>Simple name of a class or interface in package <a href="https://docs.pmd-code.org/apidocs/pmd-java/7.8.0-SNAPSHOT/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/ast/package-summary.html#"><code>net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.java.ast</code></a>, without the 'AST' prefix</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>Examples</dt>
<dd>
<dl class="code-examples">
<dt><code>//*[pmd-java:nodeIs("Expression")]</code></dt>
<dd>Matches all nodes that implement <a href="https://docs.pmd-code.org/apidocs/pmd-java/7.8.0-SNAPSHOT/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/ast/ASTExpression.html#"><code>ASTExpression</code></a></dd>
<dt><code>//*[pmd-java:nodeIs("TypeDeclaration")]</code></dt>
<dd>Matches all nodes that implement <a href="https://docs.pmd-code.org/apidocs/pmd-java/7.8.0-SNAPSHOT/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/ast/ASTTypeDeclaration.html#"><code>ASTTypeDeclaration</code></a></dd>
<dt><code>//*[pmd-java:nodeIs("Foo")]</code></dt>
<dd>Runtime error, there's no class ASTFoo in the package</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr data-toggle="collapse" id="pmd-java-typeIs" data-target="#pmd-java-typeIs-expand" class="accordion-toggle">
<td>typeIs</td>
<td>Tests a node's static type</td>
<td>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-link"><i class="fas fa-ellipsis-h"></i></button>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4" class="hiddenRow">
<div class="accordion-body collapse" id="pmd-java-typeIs-expand">
<div style="margin-left: 15px" class="xpath-fun-doc">
<!-- Yeah the ID is duplicated but it's ok on my browser and makes -->
<!--links somehow work when details are collapsed -->
<h4 class="fun-details-header" id="pmd-java-typeIs">
<span class="fun-ns">pmd-java:</span><span class="fun-name">typeIs</span><span class="fun-ns">(xs:string) as xs:boolean</span>
</h4>
<div style="margin-left: 30px">
<dl>
<dd>Returns true if the context node's static Java type is a subtype of the given type. This tests for the resolved type of the Java construct, not the type of the AST node. For example, the AST node for a literal (e.g. <code>5d</code>) has type ASTNumericLiteral, however this function will compare the type of the literal (eg here, <code>double</code>) against the argument.</dd>
<dt>Remarks</dt>
<dd>The context node must be a <a href="https://docs.pmd-code.org/apidocs/pmd-java/7.8.0-SNAPSHOT/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/ast/TypeNode.html#"><code>TypeNode</code></a></dd>
<dt>Parameters</dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>
<span class="param-name">javaQualifiedName</span>
<span class="param-type"> as xs:string</span>
</dt>
<dd>The qualified name of a Java class, possibly with pairs of brackets to indicate an array type. Can also be a primitive type name.</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>Examples</dt>
<dd>
<dl class="code-examples">
<dt><code>//FormalParameter[pmd-java:typeIs("java.lang.String[]")]</code></dt>
<dd>Matches formal parameters of type <code>String[]</code> (including vararg parameters)</dd>
<dt><code>//VariableId[pmd-java:typeIs("java.lang.List")]</code></dt>
<dd>Matches variable declarators of type <code>List</code> or any of its subtypes (including e.g. <code>ArrayList</code>)</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr data-toggle="collapse" id="pmd-java-typeIsExactly" data-target="#pmd-java-typeIsExactly-expand" class="accordion-toggle">
<td>typeIsExactly</td>
<td>Tests a node's static type, ignoring subtypes</td>
<td>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-link"><i class="fas fa-ellipsis-h"></i></button>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4" class="hiddenRow">
<div class="accordion-body collapse" id="pmd-java-typeIsExactly-expand">
<div style="margin-left: 15px" class="xpath-fun-doc">
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<h4 class="fun-details-header" id="pmd-java-typeIsExactly">
<span class="fun-ns">pmd-java:</span><span class="fun-name">typeIsExactly</span><span class="fun-ns">(xs:string) as xs:boolean</span>
</h4>
<div style="margin-left: 30px">
<dl>
<dd>Returns true if the context node's static type is exactly the given type. In particular, returns false if the context node's type is a subtype of the given type.</dd>
<dt>Remarks</dt>
<dd>The context node must be a <a href="https://docs.pmd-code.org/apidocs/pmd-java/7.8.0-SNAPSHOT/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/ast/TypeNode.html#"><code>TypeNode</code></a></dd>
<dt>Parameters</dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>
<span class="param-name">javaQualifiedName</span>
<span class="param-type"> as xs:string</span>
</dt>
<dd>The qualified name of a Java class, possibly with pairs of brackets to indicate an array type. Can also be a primitive type name.</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>Examples</dt>
<dd>
<dl class="code-examples">
<dt><code>//VariableId[pmd-java:typeIsExactly("java.lang.List")]</code></dt>
<dd>Matches variable declarators of type <code>List</code> (but not e.g. <code>ArrayList</code>)</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr data-toggle="collapse" id="pmd-java-metric" data-target="#pmd-java-metric-expand" class="accordion-toggle">
<td>metric</td>
<td>Computes and returns the value of a metric</td>
<td>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-link"><i class="fas fa-ellipsis-h"></i></button>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4" class="hiddenRow">
<div class="accordion-body collapse" id="pmd-java-metric-expand">
<div style="margin-left: 15px" class="xpath-fun-doc">
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<h4 class="fun-details-header" id="pmd-java-metric">
<span class="fun-ns">pmd-java:</span><span class="fun-name">metric</span><span class="fun-ns">(xs:string) as xs:decimal?</span>
</h4>
<div style="margin-left: 30px">
<dl>
<dd>Returns the value of the metric as evaluated on the context node. If the metric cannot be computed on that node, returns an empty sequence (which is falsy).</dd>
<dt>Remarks</dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt>Parameters</dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>
<span class="param-name">metricKey</span>
<span class="param-type"> as xs:string</span>
</dt>
<dd>The name of a metric in <a href="https://docs.pmd-code.org/apidocs/pmd-java/7.8.0-SNAPSHOT/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/metrics/JavaMetrics.html#"><code>JavaMetrics</code></a> (or an alias thereof).</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>Examples</dt>
<dd>
<dl class="code-examples">
<dt><code>//ClassDeclaration[metric('NCSS') &gt; 200]</code></dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt><code>//MethodDeclaration[metric('CYCLO') &gt; 10 and metric('NCSS') &gt; 20]</code></dt>
<dd></dd>
<dt><code>//TypeParameter[metric('idontexist') &gt; 50]</code></dt>
<dd>Error: no such metric</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr data-toggle="collapse" id="pmd-java-hasAnnotation" data-target="#pmd-java-hasAnnotation-expand" class="accordion-toggle">
<td>hasAnnotation</td>
<td>Tests whether an annotation is present on the node</td>
<td>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-link"><i class="fas fa-ellipsis-h"></i></button>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4" class="hiddenRow">
<div class="accordion-body collapse" id="pmd-java-hasAnnotation-expand">
<div style="margin-left: 15px" class="xpath-fun-doc">
<!-- Yeah the ID is duplicated but it's ok on my browser and makes -->
<!--links somehow work when details are collapsed -->
<h4 class="fun-details-header" id="pmd-java-hasAnnotation">
<span class="fun-ns">pmd-java:</span><span class="fun-name">hasAnnotation</span><span class="fun-ns">(xs:string) as xs:boolean</span>
</h4>
<div style="margin-left: 30px">
<dl>
<dd>Returns true if the node has an annotation with the given qualified name</dd>
<dt>Remarks</dt>
<dd>The context node must be an <a href="https://docs.pmd-code.org/apidocs/pmd-java/7.8.0-SNAPSHOT/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/ast/Annotatable.html#"><code>Annotatable</code></a>, otherwise this returns false</dd>
<dt>Parameters</dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>
<span class="param-name">annotationClassName</span>
<span class="param-type"> as xs:string</span>
</dt>
<dd>Canonical name of an annotation type</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>Examples</dt>
<dd>
<dl class="code-examples">
<dt><code>//MethodDeclaration[pmd-java:hasAnnotation("java.lang.Override")]</code></dt>
<dd>Matches all method declarations that are annotated with @Override</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr data-toggle="collapse" id="pmd-java-modifiers" data-target="#pmd-java-modifiers-expand" class="accordion-toggle">
<td>modifiers</td>
<td>Produce the effective modifiers of a node</td>
<td>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-link"><i class="fas fa-ellipsis-h"></i></button>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4" class="hiddenRow">
<div class="accordion-body collapse" id="pmd-java-modifiers-expand">
<div style="margin-left: 15px" class="xpath-fun-doc">
<!-- Yeah the ID is duplicated but it's ok on my browser and makes -->
<!--links somehow work when details are collapsed -->
<h4 class="fun-details-header" id="pmd-java-modifiers">
<span class="fun-ns">pmd-java:</span><span class="fun-name">modifiers</span><span class="fun-ns">() as xs:string*</span>
</h4>
<div style="margin-left: 30px">
<dl>
<dd>Returns a sequence of the effective modifiers of a node as strings. This is documented on <a href="https://docs.pmd-code.org/apidocs/pmd-java/7.8.0-SNAPSHOT/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/ast/ASTModifierList.html#getEffectiveModifiers()"><code>getEffectiveModifiers</code></a>.</dd>
<dt>Remarks</dt>
<dd>The context node must be an <a href="https://docs.pmd-code.org/apidocs/pmd-java/7.8.0-SNAPSHOT/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/ast/ModifierOwner.html#"><code>ModifierOwner</code></a>, otherwise this returns an empty sequence</dd>
<dt>Examples</dt>
<dd>
<dl class="code-examples">
<dt><code>//MethodDeclaration[pmd-java:modifiers() = "native"]</code></dt>
<dd>Matches native method declarations</dd>
<dt><code>//MethodDeclaration[pmd-java:modifiers() = ("native", "static")]</code></dt>
<dd>Matches method declarations that have a 'native' OR a 'static' modifier. This may be counter-intuitive.</dd>
<dt><code>//MethodDeclaration[pmd-java:modifiers() = "public"]</code></dt>
<dd>Matches method declarations that have a 'public' modifier, explicit or implicit. For example, this would match methods in interfaces, which implicitly have the modifier. Use the <code>explicitModifiers</code> function if you don't want the implicit part. Also note that <code>@Visibility = 'public'</code> is a better use of the API, in this particular instance.</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr data-toggle="collapse" id="pmd-java-explicitModifiers" data-target="#pmd-java-explicitModifiers-expand" class="accordion-toggle">
<td>explicitModifiers</td>
<td>Produce the explicit modifiers of a node</td>
<td>
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<div class="accordion-body collapse" id="pmd-java-explicitModifiers-expand">
<div style="margin-left: 15px" class="xpath-fun-doc">
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<h4 class="fun-details-header" id="pmd-java-explicitModifiers">
<span class="fun-ns">pmd-java:</span><span class="fun-name">explicitModifiers</span><span class="fun-ns">() as xs:string*</span>
</h4>
<div style="margin-left: 30px">
<dl>
<dd>Returns a sequence of the explicit modifiers of a node as strings. This is documented on <a href="https://docs.pmd-code.org/apidocs/pmd-java/7.8.0-SNAPSHOT/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/ast/ASTModifierList.html#getExplicitModifiers()"><code>getExplicitModifiers</code></a>.</dd>
<dt>Remarks</dt>
<dd>The context node must be an <a href="https://docs.pmd-code.org/apidocs/pmd-java/7.8.0-SNAPSHOT/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/ast/ModifierOwner.html#"><code>ModifierOwner</code></a>, otherwise this returns an empty sequence</dd>
<dt>Examples</dt>
<dd>
<dl class="code-examples">
<dt><code>//MethodDeclaration[pmd-java:explicitModifiers() = "public"]</code></dt>
<dd>Matches method declarations that have an explicit 'public' modifier.</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr data-toggle="collapse" id="pmd-java-matchesSig" data-target="#pmd-java-matchesSig-expand" class="accordion-toggle">
<td>matchesSig</td>
<td>Matches the signature called by a method or constructor call</td>
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<span class="fun-ns">pmd-java:</span><span class="fun-name">matchesSig</span><span class="fun-ns">(xs:string) as xs:boolean</span>
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<div style="margin-left: 30px">
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<dd>Uses an <a href="https://docs.pmd-code.org/apidocs/pmd-java/7.8.0-SNAPSHOT/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/types/TypeTestUtil.InvocationMatcher.html#"><code>TypeTestUtil.InvocationMatcher</code></a> to test the method signature called by the context node. The format of the parameter is described on that class.</dd>
<dt>Remarks</dt>
<dd>The context node must be an <a href="https://docs.pmd-code.org/apidocs/pmd-java/7.8.0-SNAPSHOT/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/ast/InvocationNode.html#"><code>InvocationNode</code></a>, otherwise this returns false</dd>
<dt>Parameters</dt>
<dd>
<dl>
<dt>
<span class="param-name">sig</span>
<span class="param-type"> as xs:string</span>
</dt>
<dd>A signature, in the format described on <a href="https://docs.pmd-code.org/apidocs/pmd-java/7.8.0-SNAPSHOT/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/types/TypeTestUtil.InvocationMatcher.html#"><code>TypeTestUtil.InvocationMatcher</code></a></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>Examples</dt>
<dd>
<dl class="code-examples">
<dt><code>//MethodCall[pmd-java:matchesSig("_#equals(java.lang.Object)")]</code></dt>
<dd>Matches calls to the method <code>equals</code> on any receiver type</dd>
<dt><code>//MethodCall[pmd-java:matchesSig("java.lang.Enum#equals(java.lang.Object)")]</code></dt>
<dd>Matches calls to the method <code>equals</code> on receiver that is a subtype of Enum</dd>
<dt><code>//MethodCall[pmd-java:matchesSig("java.lang.String#toString()")]</code></dt>
<dd>Matches calls to the method <code>toString</code> on String receivers</dd>
<dt><code>//MethodCall[pmd-java:matchesSig("_#_(int,int)")]</code></dt>
<dd>Matches calls to any method with 2 <code>int</code> parameters (!= argument)</dd>
<dt><code>//ConstructorCall[pmd-java:matchesSig("java.util.ArrayList#new(int)")]</code></dt>
<dd>Matches constructors calls of ArrayList with a single int parameter</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
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