My_diary/Debian12 安装 oracle11g.md

##  Debian12 安装 oracle11g

---

1. 查看系统版本

2. 设置本地时区为上海

   ```shell
   timedatectl
   apt-get install ntpdate
   timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
   ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com
   date
   ```

3. 检查当前系统版本号

   ```shell
   root@debianPE:~# lsb_release -a
   No LSB modules are available.
   Distributor ID: Debian
   Description:    Debian GNU/Linux 12 (bookworm)
   Release:        12
   Codename:       bookworm
   ```

4. 安装必用软件

   ```shell
   apt-get install -y vim net-tools 
   ```

5. 配置虚拟内存

   ```shell
   root@debianPE:~# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
   SwapTotal:        998396 kB
   root@debianPE:~# free -h
                  total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
   Mem:           1.9Gi       955Mi       400Mi        13Mi       784Mi       1.0Gi
   Swap:          974Mi          0B       974Mi
   root@debianPE:~# sudo swapoff -a
   root@debianPE:~# sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1G count=4 
   4+0 records in
   4+0 records out
   4294967296 bytes (4.3 GB, 4.0 GiB) copied, 19.3218 s, 222 MB/s
   root@debianPE:~# sudo mkswap /swapfile
   mkswap: /swapfile: insecure permissions 0644, fix with: chmod 0600 /swapfile
   Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 4 GiB (4294963200 bytes)
   no label, UUID=24c39cae-4736-4bfb-90df-a0261c14efbe
   root@debianPE:~# sudo swapon /swapfile
   swapon: /swapfile: insecure permissions 0644, 0600 suggested.
   root@debianPE:~# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
   SwapTotal:       4194300 kB
   ```

6.  Configuring the static IP address

   ```shell
   进入图形界面配置
   ```

7. 验证主机名和用户信息

   ```shell
   root@debianPE:~# hostnamectl
    Static hostname: debianPE
          Icon name: computer-vm
            Chassis: vm 🖴
         Machine ID: 49d85c389b8e4dc99e284730f244dfde
            Boot ID: 4f3ef4e224ba4715add5c52df2e54d67
     Virtualization: kvm
   Operating System: Debian GNU/Linux 12 (bookworm)              
             Kernel: Linux 6.1.0-25-amd64
       Architecture: x86-64
    Hardware Vendor: QEMU
     Hardware Model: Standard PC _i440FX + PIIX, 1996_
   Firmware Version: rel-1.16.2-0-gea1b7a073390-prebuilt.qemu.org
   root@debianPE:~# groupadd oinstall
   root@debianPE:~# groupadd dba
   root@debianPE:~# mkdir -p /home/oracle
   root@debianPE:~# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
   root@debianPE:~# useradd -g oinstall -G dba -d /home/oracle -s /bin/bash oracle
   root@debianPE:~# passwd oracle
   New password: 
   Retype new password: 
   passwd: password updated successfully
   root@debianPE:~# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle
   root@debianPE:~# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
   root@debianPE:~# mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory
   root@debianPE:~# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oraInventory
   ```

8. 配置系统参数

   ```shell
   root@debianPE:~# nano /etc/sysctl.conf 
   
   vim /etc/sysctl.conf
   
   Append the lines shown below to the end of this configuration file.
   
   # ============================
   
   # Oracle 11g
   
   # ============================
   
   # semaphores: semmsl, semmns, semopm, semmni
   
   kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
   
   kernel.shmall = 2097152
   
   kernel.shmmni = 4096
   
   # Replace kernel.shmmax with the half of your memory size in bytes
   
   # if lower than 4 GB minus 1
   
   # 2147483648 is 2 GigaBytes (4 GB of RAM / 2)
   
   kernel.shmmax=2147483648
   
   #
   
   # Max number of network connections. Use sysctl -a | grep ip_local_port_range to check.
   
   net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000  65500
   
   #
   
   net.core.rmem_default = 262144
   
   net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
   
   net.core.wmem_default = 262144
   
   net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
   
   #
   
   # The maximum allowed value, set to avoid overhead and input/output errors
   
   fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
   
   # 512 * Processes
   
   fs.file-max = 6815744
   
   fs.suid_dumpable = 1
   
   #
   
   # To allow dba to allocate hugetlbfs pages
   
   # 1001 is your oinstall group, you can check this id with the grep oinstall /etc/group command
   
   vm.hugetlb_shm_group = 1001
   
   Apply the kernel parameters you have set:
   
   sysctl -p
   
   
   --------------------------
   
   root@debianPE:~# sysctl -p
   net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1
   net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1
   net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1
   kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
   kernel.shmall = 2097152
   kernel.shmmni = 4096
   kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
   net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000  65500
   net.core.rmem_default = 262144
   net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
   net.core.wmem_default = 262144
   net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
   fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
   fs.file-max = 6815744
   fs.suid_dumpable = 1
   vm.hugetlb_shm_group = 1001
   root@debianPE:~#
   ```

9. Set up limits.conf

   ```shell
   Edit the /etc/security/limits.conf file:
   
   vim /etc/security/limits.conf
   
   Add the following lines to the end of the configuration file:
   
   # Oracle
   
   oracle           soft    nproc   2047
   
   oracle           hard    nproc   16384
   
   oracle           soft    nofile  1024
   
   oracle           hard    nofile  65536
   
   oracle           soft    stack   10240
   
   The first column specifies the user for whom the limits are set.
   ```

10. PAM configration

    ```shell
    root@debianPE:~# cat /etc/pam.d/login | grep pam_limits.so
    session    required   pam_limits.so
    root@debianPE:~#
    ```

11. ### **Setting the shell profile**

    ```shell
    Edit /etc/profile and set some needed parameters for oracle globally and permanently:
    
    vim /etc/profile
    
    Add the following lines:
    
    if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
    
            if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
    
                  ulimit -p 16384
    
                  ulimit -n 65536
    
            else
    
                  ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
    
            fi
    
    fi
    
    Note: It is useful to know when each shell configuration file can be used because later you will need to configure a profile that contains environment variables for the oracle user.
    ```

12. ### **Installing the required packages**

    ```shell
    按照手册详操作，比较复杂
    ```

13. ### **Creating symbolic links**

    ```shell
    Run commands as root:
    
    mkdir /usr/lib64
    
    ln -s /etc /etc/rc.d
    
    ln -s /usr/bin/awk /bin/awk
    
    ln -s /usr/bin/basename /bin/basename
    
    ln -s /usr/bin/rpm /bin/rpm
    
    ln -s /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 /usr/lib64/
    
    ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a /usr/lib64/
    
    ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread_nonshared.a /usr/lib64/
    
    ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 /usr/lib64/
    
    ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu /usr/lib64
    
    ln -sf /bin/bash /bin/sh
    
    ln -s /etc/rc0.d /etc/rc.d/rc0.d
    
    ln -s /etc/rc2.d /etc/rc.d/rc2.d
    
    ln -s /etc/rc3.d /etc/rc.d/rc3.d
    
    ln -s /etc/rc4.d /etc/rc.d/rc4.d
    
    ln -s /etc/rc5.d /etc/rc.d/rc5.d
    
    ln -s /etc/rc6.d /etc/rc.d/rc6.d
    
    ln -s /etc/init.d /etc/rc.d/init.d
    
    The above commands help prevent errors, such as:
    
    genclntsh: Failed to link libclntsh.so.11.1 in make file for rdbms/lib/ins_rdbms.mk because of missing library: /usr/bin/ld: cannot find /usr/lib64/libpthread_nonshared.a inside
    lib//libagtsh.so: undefined reference to `nnfyboot’ in make: rdbms/lib/dg4odbc] Error 1
    Now let’s prevent one more error: /lib64/libgcc_s.so.1: File or directory does not exist, while creating lib/liborasdkbase.so.11.1 in ins_rdbms.mk. Go to the /lib64 directory and execute the command:
    
    cd /lib64
    
    ln -s /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 .
    
    Don’t miss the dot at the end of the command.
    
    Set the Linux version as Red Hat Linux release 5 in /etc/redhat-release. Red Hat Linux distributions store their version in that file.
    
    echo 'Red Hat Linux release 5' > /etc/redhat-release
    ```

14.