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» Guidelines for standard rules
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<div class="post-header">
<h1 class="post-title-main">Guidelines for standard rules</h1>
</div>
<div class="post-content" data-github-edit-url="https://github.com/pmd/pmd/blob/main/docs/pages/pmd/devdocs/major_contributions/rule_guidelines.md">
<div class="summary">Guidelines for rules that are included in the standard distribution</div>
<details id="inline-toc-details">
<summary>Table of Contents</summary>
<div id="inline-toc"><!-- empty, move TOC here when screen size too small --></div>
</details>
<div class="alert alert-info" role="alert"><i class="fas fa-info-circle"></i> <b>Note:</b>
These guidelines are new and most rules dont follow these guidelines yet.
The goal is, that eventually all rules are updated.
</div>
<h2 id="why-do-we-need-these-guidelines">Why do we need these guidelines?</h2>
<ul>
<li>To prevent low quality contributions</li>
<li>To reduce time reviewing rules</li>
</ul>
<p>They just apply to rules included in the standard distribution.</p>
<h2 id="requirements-for-standard-rules">Requirements for standard rules</h2>
<p>To be included in stock PMD, a rule needs</p>
<ul>
<li>Broad applicability. It may be specific to a framework, but then, this framework should be widely used</li>
<li>Solid documentation. See below</li>
<li>If its a performance rule: solid benchmarks. No micro-optimization rules</li>
<li>No overlap with other rules</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="dosdonts-rule-rules">Dos/Donts (rule rules)</h2>
<ul>
<li>Rule naming
<ul>
<li><strong>Dont</strong> put the implementation of the rule in the name, because it will be awkward
if the scope of the rule changes
<ul>
<li>Eg. <em>SwitchStmtShouldHaveDefault</em> -&gt; since enums are a thing they dont necessarily
need to have a default anymore, they should be exhaustive. So the rule name lies now…</li>
<li>Eg. <em>MissingBreakInSwitch</em> -&gt; its obvious that this is supposed to find fall-through
switches. Counting breaks is not a clever way to do it, but since its in the name
we cant change it without renaming the rule.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Do</strong> use rule names that name the underlying problem that violations exhibit
<ul>
<li>Eg. instead of <em>SwitchStmtShouldHaveDefault</em>, use <em>NonExhaustiveSwitchStatement</em> -&gt; this
is the problem, the description of the rule will clarify why it is a problem and how
to fix it (add a default, or add branches, or something else in the future)</li>
<li>Eg. instead of <em>MissingBreakInSwitch</em>, use <em>SwitchCaseFallsThrough</em></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Dont</strong> create several rules for instances of the same problem
<ul>
<li><em>EmptyIfStmt</em> and <em>EmptyWhileStmt</em> are actually the same problem, namely,
that theres useless syntax in the tree.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Dont</strong> limit the rule name to strictly what the rule can do today
<ul>
<li>Eg. <em>UnusedPrivateField</em> is a bad name. The problem is that there is an unused field,
not that it is private as well. If we had the ability to find unused package-private
fields, we would report them too. So if one day we get that ability,
using a name like <em>UnusedField</em> would allow us to keep the name.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Rule messages
<ul>
<li><strong>Do</strong> write rule messages that neutrally point out a problem or construct that should
be reviewed (“Unnecessary parentheses”)</li>
<li><strong>Dont</strong> write rule messages that give an order (“Avoid unnecessary parentheses”)
especially without explaining why, like here</li>
<li><strong>Dont</strong> write rule messages that are tautological (“Unnecessary parentheses should be removed”).
The answer to this would be an annoyed “yes I know, so what?”.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Do</strong> use Markdown in rule descriptions and break lines at a reasonable 80 chars</li>
<li><strong>Do</strong> thoroughly comment rule examples. It must be obvious where to look</li>
<li><strong>Do</strong> comment your xpath expressions too</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="rule-description-template">Rule description template</h2>
<ul>
<li>What the rule reports (1 summary line)</li>
<li>Why the rule exists and where it might be useful (including, since which language version, etc)</li>
<li>Blank line</li>
<li>Explain all assumptions that the rule makes and keywords used in the previous paragraph.
(“overridden methods are ignored”, “for the purposes of this rule, a visible field is
non-private”).</li>
<li>Describe known limitations if any</li>
<li>Blank line</li>
<li>For each property, explain how it modifies the assumptions and why you would want to use it.
<strong>If you cant explain why its there then it shouldnt be there!</strong></li>
</ul>
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