This commit makes it so CameraIntrinsics is no longer hardcoded
to use the traditional polynomial radial distortion model. Currently
the distortion code has generic logic which is shared between
different distortion models, but had no other models until now.
This moves everything specific to the polynomial radial distortion
to a subclass PolynomialDistortionCameraIntrinsics(), and adds a
new division distortion model suitable for cameras such as the
GoPro which have much stronger distortion due to their fisheye lens.
This also cleans up the internal API of CameraIntrinsics to make
it easier to understand and reduces old C-style code.
New distortion model is available in the Lens panel of MCE.
- Polynomial is the old well-known model
- Division is the new one which s intended to deal better with huge
distortion.
Coefficients of this model works independent from each other
and for division model one probably want to have positive values
to have a barrel distortion.
This gives a huge speedup gain for cases when you've got
rather huge markers on a byte images.
Done by skipping IMB_float_from_rect()/IMB_rect_from_float()
for such cases. We can sample the buffers without color space
conversion.
Switch the detector API to a single function which accepts
a float image and detector options. This makes usage of
feature detection more unified across different algorithms.
Options structure is pretty much straightforward and contains
detector to be used and all the detector-specific settings.
Also implemented Harris feature detection algorithm which
is not as fast as FAST one but is expected to detect more
robust feature points. It is also likely that less features
are detected, but better quality than quantity.
Blender will now use Harris detector by default, later we'll
remove FAST detector.
Added a weight slider to track which defines
how much particular track affects in a final
reconstruction. This weight is for sure
animateable.
Currently it affects on BA step only which in
most cases will work just fine.
The usecase of this slider is to have it set
to 1.0 most of the time where the track is
good, but blend it's weight down to 0 when
tracker looses the track. This will prevent
camera from jump.
Tutorial is to be done by Sebastian.
It was rather confusing from the user usage point
of view and didn't get so much improvement after
new bundle adjuster was added.
In the future we might want to switch resection
to PPnP algorithm, which could also might be a
nice alternative to fallback option.
Jittering was caused by homography not being estimated
accurate enough.
Before this, only algebraic estimation was used, which
is indeed not so much great, Now use algebraic estimation
followed with refinement step using Ceres minimizer.
The code was already there since keyframe selection patch,
made such estimation a generic function in multiview/ and
changed API for estimation in order to pass all additional
options via an options structure (the same way as it's
done fr Ceres).
This includes changes to both homography and fundamental
estimation.
TODO:
- Need to document Ceres functors better.
- Need to support homogeneous coordinates (currently
only euclidean coords are supported).
This commit includes all the changes made for plane tracker
in tomato branch.
Movie clip editor changes:
- Artist might create a plane track out of multiple point
tracks which belongs to the same track (minimum amount of
point tracks is 4, maximum is not actually limited).
When new plane track is added, it's getting "tracked"
across all point tracks, which makes it stick to the same
plane point tracks belong to.
- After plane track was added, it need to be manually adjusted
in a way it covers feature one might to mask/replace.
General transform tools (G, R, S) or sliding corners with
a mouse could be sued for this. Plane corner which
corresponds to left bottom image corner has got X/Y axis
on it (red is for X axis, green for Y).
- Re-adjusting plane corners makes plane to be "re-tracked"
for the frames sequence between current frame and next
and previous keyframes.
- Kayframes might be removed from the plane, using Shit-X
(Marker Delete) operator. However, currently manual
re-adjustment or "re-track" trigger is needed.
Compositor changes:
- Added new node called Plane Track Deform.
- User selects which plane track to use (for this he need
to select movie clip datablock, object and track names).
- Node gets an image input, which need to be warped into
the plane.
- Node outputs:
* Input image warped into the plane.
* Plane, rasterized to a mask.
Masking changes:
- Mask points might be parented to a plane track, which
makes this point deforming in a way as if it belongs
to the tracked plane.
Some video tutorials are available:
- Coder video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vISEwqNHqe4
- Artist video: https://vimeo.com/71727578
This is mine and Keir's holiday code project :)
Clean up inconsistencies in the libmv C API:
- All type identifiers are libmv_TypeName
- All function identifiers libmv_functionName
- Prefer libmv_nounVerb function names (e.g. libmv_featuresDestroy)
- Match Blender code formatting rather than Google
- Spelling corrections
Code review: https://codereview.appspot.com/11494044/
Implements an automatic keyframe selection algorithm which uses
couple of approaches to find out best keyframes candidates:
- First, slightly modifier Pollefeys's criteria is used, which
limits correspondence ration from 80% to 100%. This allows to
reject keyframe candidate early without doing heavy math in
cases there're not much common features with first keyframe.
- Second step is based on Geometric Robust Information Criteria
(aka GRIC), which checks whether features motion between
candidate keyframes is better defined by homography or
fundamental matrices.
To be a good keyframe candidate, fundamental matrix need to
define motion better than homography (in this case F-GRIC will
be smaller than H-GRIC).
This two criteria are well described in this paper:
http://www.cs.ait.ac.th/~mdailey/papers/Tahir-KeyFrame.pdf
- Final step is based on estimating reconstruction error of
a full-scene solution using candidate keyframes. This part
is based on the following paper:
ftp://ftp.tnt.uni-hannover.de/pub/papers/2004/ECCV2004-TTHBAW.pdf
This step requires reconstruction using candidate keyframes
and obtaining covariance matrix of 3D points positions.
Reconstruction was done pretty much straightforward using
other simple pipeline routines, and for covariance estimation
pseudo-inverse of Hessian is used, which is in this case
(J^T * J)+, where + denotes pseudo-inverse.
Jacobian matrix is estimating using Ceres evaluate API.
This is also crucial to get rid of possible gauge ambiguity,
which is in our case made by zero-ing 7 (by gauge freedoms
number) eigen values in pseudo-inverse.
There're still room for improving and optimizing the code,
but we need some point to start with anyway :)
Thanks to Keir Mierle and Sameer Agarwal who assisted a lot
to make this feature working.
- Added const modifiers where it makes sense and
helps keep code safe.
- Reshuffled argument to match <inputs>,<outputs>
convention on parameters.
- Pass values to ApplyRadialDistortionCameraIntrinsics
by a constant reference.
This will save lots of CPU ticks passing relatively
heavy jet objects to this function when running
bundle adjustment.
Additional changes:
- Cleaned up sources to reduce mess in some
big functions.
- Removed unused function from libmv c-api.
- Made functions naming more consistent.
- Use bool for internal stuff in tracking.c.
Shall be no functional changes :)
This commit implements multi-threaded calculation of frames
when building proxies. Both scaling and undistortion steps
are now threaded.
Frames and proxy resolution are still handled one-by-one,
saving files after every single step. So if HDD is not so
fast, this commit could have not so much benefit.
Internal changes:
- Added IMB_scaleImBuf_threaded which scales given image
buffer in multiple threads and uses bilinear filtering.
- libmv's camera intrinsics now have SetThreads() method
which is used to specify how many OpenMP threads to use
for buffer distortion/undistortion.
And yeah, this code is using OpenMP for threading.
- Reshuffled a bit libmv-capi calls and added function
BKE_tracking_distortion_set_threads to specify number
of threads used by intrinscis.
Several major things are done in this commit:
- First of all, logic of modal solver was changed.
We do not rely on only minimizer to take care of
guessing rotation for frame, but we're using
analytical rotation computation for point clouds
to obtain initial rotation.
Then this rotation is being refined using Ceres
minimizer and now instead of minimizing average
distance between points of point of two clouds,
minimization of reprojection error of point
cloud onto frame happens.
This gives quite a bit of precision improvement.
- Second bigger improvement here is using bundle
adjustment for a result of first step when we're
only estimating rotation between neighbor images
and reprojecting markers.
This averages error across the image sequence
avoiding error accumulation. Also, this will
tweak bundles themselves a bit for better match.
- And last bigger improvement here is support of
camera intrinsics refirenment.
This allowed to significantly improve solution
for real-life footage and results after such
refining are much more usable than it were before.
Thanks to Keir for the help and code review.
- Moved keyframes and refirement flags into reconstruction options structure
- Moved distortion coefficients and other camera intrinsics into own structure
- Cleaned up reconstruction functions in libmv c-api
Added option to use Grease Pencil datablock as a mask for pattern
when doing motion tracking. Option could be found in Tracking Settings
panel.
All strokes would be rasterized separately from each other and every
stroke is treating as a closed spline.
Also added option to apply a mask on track preview which is situated
just after B/B/W channel button under track preview.
Helps keeping features tracked when there's large scale happens
without need to manually re-adjust search area.
Currently using factor of pattern's boundbox scale, but probably
could be done in more accurate way?
===========================================
Major list of changes done in tomato branch:
- Add a planar tracking implementation to libmv
This adds a new planar tracking implementation to libmv. The
tracker is based on Ceres[1], the new nonlinear minimizer that
myself and Sameer released from Google as open source. Since
the motion model is more involved, the interface is
different than the RegionTracker interface used previously
in Blender.
The start of a C API in libmv-capi.{cpp,h} is also included.
- Migrate from pat_{min,max} for markers to 4 corners representation
Convert markers in the movie clip editor / 2D tracker from using
pat_min and pat_max notation to using the a more general, 4-corner
representation.
There is still considerable porting work to do; in particular
sliding from preview widget does not work correct for rotated
markers.
All other areas should be ported to new representation:
* Added support of sliding individual corners. LMB slide + Ctrl
would scale the whole pattern
* S would scale the whole marker, S-S would scale pattern only
* Added support of marker's rotation which is currently rotates
only patterns around their centers or all markers around median,
Rotation or other non-translation/scaling transformation of search
area doesn't make sense.
* Track Preview widget would display transformed pattern which
libmv actually operates with.
- "Efficient Second-order Minimization" for the planar tracker
This implements the "Efficient Second-order Minimization"
scheme, as supported by the existing translation tracker.
This increases the amount of per-iteration work, but
decreases the number of iterations required to converge and
also increases the size of the basin of attraction for the
optimization.
- Remove the use of the legacy RegionTracker API from Blender,
and replaces it with the new TrackRegion API. This also
adds several features to the planar tracker in libmv:
* Do a brute-force initialization of tracking similar to "Hybrid"
mode in the stable release, but using all floats. This is slower
but more accurate. It is still necessary to evaluate if the
performance loss is worth it. In particular, this change is
necessary to support high bit depth imagery.
* Add support for masks over the search window. This is a step
towards supporting user-defined tracker masks. The tracker masks
will make it easy for users to make a mask for e.g. a ball.
Not exposed into interface yet/
* Add Pearson product moment correlation coefficient checking (aka
"Correlation" in the UI. This causes tracking failure if the
tracked patch is not linearly related to the template.
* Add support for warping a few points in addition to the supplied
points. This is useful because the tracking code deliberately
does not expose the underlying warp representation. Instead,
warps are specified in an aparametric way via the correspondences.
- Replace the old style tracker configuration panel with the
new planar tracking panel. From a users perspective, this means:
* The old "tracking algorithm" picker is gone. There is only 1
algorithm now. We may revisit this later, but I would much
prefer to have only 1 algorithm. So far no optimization work
has been done so the speed is not there yet.
* There is now a dropdown to select the motion model. Choices:
* Translation
* Translation, rotation
* Translation, scale
* Translation, rotation, scale
* Affine
* Perspective
* The old "Hybrid" mode is gone; instead there is a toggle to
enable or disable translation-only tracker initialization. This
is the equivalent of the hyrbid mode before, but rewritten to work
with the new planar tracking modes.
* The pyramid levels setting is gone. At a future date, the planar
tracker will decide to use pyramids or not automatically. The
pyramid setting was ultimately a mistake; with the brute force
initialization it is unnecessary.
- Add light-normalized tracking
Added the ability to normalize patterns by their average value while
tracking, to make them invariant to global illumination changes.
Additional details could be found at wiki page [2]
[1] http://code.google.com/p/ceres-solver
[2] http://wiki.blender.org/index.php/Dev:Ref/Release_Notes/2.64/Motion_Tracker
Expose option into interface to use modal solver which currently
supports only tripod motion.
This solver requires two tracks at least to reconstruct motion.
Using more tracks aren't improving solution in general, just adds
instability into solution and slows down things a lot.
Refirement of camera intrinsics was disabled due to it's not only
refines camera intrinsics but also adjusts camera position which
isn't necessary here
To use this solver just activate "Tripod Motion" checkbox in
solver panel.
Merged from tomato: svn merge ^/branches/soc-2011-tomato -r45622:45624 -r46036:46037
P.S. Quite experimental yet, requires more checking and probably
tweaks to prevent camera jumps when tracks apperars/disappears
from the screen.
Expose option into interface to use modal solver which currently
supports only tripod motion.
This solver requires two tracks at least to reconstruct motion.
Using more tracks aren't improving solution in general, just adds
instability into solution and slows down things a lot.
Refirement of camera intrinsics is supported by this solver.
To use this solver just activate "Tripod Motion" checkbox in
solver panel.
- Deduplicate patetrn sampling used in esm and lmicklt trackers and
move SamplePattern to image/sample.h - Move computation of Pearson
product-moment correlation into own function in new file image/correlation.h
so all trackers can use it to check final correlation.
- Remove SAD tracker. It's almost the same as brute tracker, with only two differences:
1. It does brute search of affine transformation which in some cases helps to track
rotating features 2. It didn't use common tracker api which probably gave some
speed advantage, but lead to a real headache to use it together with other
trackers leading to duplicated code in blender side.
- Switch blenedr to use brute tracker instead of sad tracker which tracking made
source code much more simple to follow.
Keir's comment:
Add support for detecting tracking failure in the ESM tracker component of
libmv. Since both KLT and Hybrid rely on ESM underneath, KLT and Hybrid now
have a minimum correlation setting to match. With this fix, track failures
should get detected quicker, with the issue that sometimes the tracker will
give up too easily. That is fixable by reducing the required correlation (in
the track properties).
Command used for merge: svn merge -r 42396:42397 -r 42399:42400 ^/branches/soc-2011-tomato
Comment from Keir's commit:
Add a new hybrid region tracker for motion tracking to libmv, and
add it as an option (under "Hybrid") in the tracking settings. The
region tracker is a combination of brute force tracking for coarse
alignment, then refinement with the ESM/KLT algorithm already in
libmv that gives excellent subpixel precision (typically 1/50'th
of a pixel)
This also adds a new "brute force" region tracker which does a
brute force search through every pixel position in the destination
for the pattern in the first frame. It leverages SSE if available,
similar to the SAD tracker, to do this quickly. Currently it does
some unnecessary conversions to/from floating point that will get
fixed later.
The hybrid tracker glues the two trackers (brute & ESM) together
to get an overall better tracker. The algorithm is simple:
1. Track from frame 1 to frame 2 with the brute force tracker.
This tries every possible pixel position for the pattern from
frame 1 in frame 2. The position with the smallest
sum-of-absolute-differences is chosen. By definition, this
position is only accurate up to 1 pixel or so.
2. Using the result from 1, initialize a track with ESM. This does
a least-squares fit with subpixel precision.
3. If the ESM shift was more than 2 pixels, report failure.
4. If the ESM track shifted less than 2 pixels, then the track is
good and we're done. The rationale here is that if the
refinement stage shifts more than 1 pixel, then the brute force
result likely found some random position that's not a good fit.
svn command used: svn merge -r 42375:42376 -r 42377:42379 ^/branches/soc-2011-tomato
In some cases solving can take a while (especially when refining is used)
and keeping interface locked is a bit annoying. Now camera solver is moved
to job system and interface isn't locking.
Reporting progress isn't really accurate, but trying to make it more linear
can lead to spending more effort on it than having benefit. Also, changing
status in the information line helps to understand that blender isn't hang
up and solving is till working nicely.
Main changes in code:
- libmv_solveReconstruction now accepts additional parameters:
* progress_update_callback - a function which is getting called
from solver algorithm to report progress back to Blender.
* callback_customdata - a user-defined context which is passing
to progress_update_callback so progress can be updated in needed
blender-side data structures.
This parameters are optional.
- Added structure MovieTrackingStats which is placed in MovieTracking
structure. It's supposed to be used for displaying information about
different operations (currently it's only camera solver, but can be
easily used for something else in the future) in clip editor.
This statistics structure is getting allocated for time operator is
working and not saving into .blend file.
- Clip Editor now displays statistics stored in MovieTrackingStats structure
like it's done for rendering.
- Add support for refining the camera's intrinsic parameters
during a solve. Currently, refining supports only the following
combinations of intrinsic parameters:
f
f, cx, cy
f, cx, cy, k1, k2
f, k1
f, k1, k2
This is not the same as autocalibration, since the user must
still make a reasonable initial guess about the focal length and
other parameters, whereas true autocalibration would eliminate
the need for the user specify intrinsic parameters at all.
However, the solver works well with only rough guesses for the
focal length, so perhaps full autocalibation is not that
important.
Adding support for the last two combinations, (f, k1) and (f,
k1, k2) required changes to the library libmv depends on for
bundle adjustment, SSBA. These changes should get ported
upstream not just to libmv but to SSBA as well.
- Improved the region of convergence for bundle adjustment by
increasing the number of Levenberg-Marquardt iterations from 50
to 500. This way, the solver is able to crawl out of the bad
local minima it gets stuck in when changing from, for example,
bundling k1 and k2 to just k1 and resetting k2 to 0.
- Add several new region tracker implementations. A region tracker
is a libmv concept, which refers to tracking a template image
pattern through frames. The impact to end users is that tracking
should "just work better". I am reserving a more detailed
writeup, and maybe a paper, for later.
- Other libmv tweaks, such as detecting that a tracker is headed
outside of the image bounds.
This includes several changes made directly to the libmv extern
code rather expecting to get those changes through normal libmv
channels, because I, the libmv BDFL, decided it was faster to work
on libmv directly in Blender, then later reverse-port the libmv
changes from Blender back into libmv trunk. The interesting part
is that I added a full Levenberg-Marquardt loop to the region
tracking code, which should lead to a more stable solutions. I
also added a hacky implementation of "Efficient Second-Order
Minimization" for tracking, which works nicely. A more detailed
quantitative evaluation will follow.
Original patch by Keir, cleaned a bit by myself.
===========================
Commiting camera tracking integration gsoc project into trunk.
This commit includes:
- Bundled version of libmv library (with some changes against official repo,
re-sync with libmv repo a bit later)
- New datatype ID called MovieClip which is optimized to work with movie
clips (both of movie files and image sequences) and doing camera/motion
tracking operations.
- New editor called Clip Editor which is currently used for motion/tracking
stuff only, but which can be easily extended to work with masks too.
This editor supports:
* Loading movie files/image sequences
* Build proxies with different size for loaded movie clip, also supports
building undistorted proxies to increase speed of playback in
undistorted mode.
* Manual lens distortion mode calibration using grid and grease pencil
* Supervised 2D tracking using two different algorithms KLT and SAD.
* Basic algorithm for feature detection
* Camera motion solving. scene orientation
- New constraints to "link" scene objects with solved motions from clip:
* Follow Track (make object follow 2D motion of track with given name
or parent object to reconstructed 3D position of track)
* Camera Solver to make camera moving in the same way as reconstructed camera
This commit NOT includes changes from tomato branch:
- New nodes (they'll be commited as separated patch)
- Automatic image offset guessing for image input node and image editor
(need to do more tests and gather more feedback)
- Code cleanup in libmv-capi. It's not so critical cleanup, just increasing
readability and understanadability of code. Better to make this chaneg when
Keir will finish his current patch.
More details about this project can be found on this page:
http://wiki.blender.org/index.php/User:Nazg-gul/GSoC-2011
Further development of small features would be done in trunk, bigger/experimental
features would first be implemented in tomato branch.
