blender/intern/cycles/kernel/kernel_path.h
Brecht Van Lommel de9dffc61e Cycles: initial subsurface multiple scattering support. It's not working as
well as I would like, but it works, just add a subsurface scattering node and
you can use it like any other BSDF.

It is using fully raytraced sampling compatible with progressive rendering
and other more advanced rendering algorithms we might used in the future, and
it uses no extra memory so it's suitable for complex scenes.

Disadvantage is that it can be quite noisy and slow. Two limitations that will
be solved are that it does not work with bump mapping yet, and that the falloff
function used is a simple cubic function, it's not using the real BSSRDF
falloff function yet.

The node has a color input, along with a scattering radius for each RGB color
channel along with an overall scale factor for the radii.

There is also no GPU support yet, will test if I can get that working later.

Node Documentation:
http://wiki.blender.org/index.php/Doc:2.6/Manual/Render/Cycles/Nodes/Shaders#BSSRDF

Implementation notes:
http://wiki.blender.org/index.php/Dev:2.6/Source/Render/Cycles/Subsurface_Scattering
2013-04-01 20:26:52 +00:00

1116 lines
32 KiB
C

/*
* Copyright 2011, Blender Foundation.
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
* as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
* of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
* Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
*/
#ifdef __OSL__
#include "osl_shader.h"
#endif
#include "kernel_differential.h"
#include "kernel_montecarlo.h"
#include "kernel_projection.h"
#include "kernel_object.h"
#include "kernel_triangle.h"
#include "kernel_curve.h"
#include "kernel_primitive.h"
#include "kernel_projection.h"
#include "kernel_bvh.h"
#include "kernel_accumulate.h"
#include "kernel_camera.h"
#include "kernel_shader.h"
#include "kernel_light.h"
#include "kernel_emission.h"
#include "kernel_random.h"
#include "kernel_passes.h"
#ifdef __SUBSURFACE__
#include "kernel_subsurface.h"
#endif
CCL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
typedef struct PathState {
uint flag;
int bounce;
int diffuse_bounce;
int glossy_bounce;
int transmission_bounce;
int transparent_bounce;
} PathState;
__device_inline void path_state_init(PathState *state)
{
state->flag = PATH_RAY_CAMERA|PATH_RAY_SINGULAR|PATH_RAY_MIS_SKIP;
state->bounce = 0;
state->diffuse_bounce = 0;
state->glossy_bounce = 0;
state->transmission_bounce = 0;
state->transparent_bounce = 0;
}
__device_inline void path_state_next(KernelGlobals *kg, PathState *state, int label)
{
/* ray through transparent keeps same flags from previous ray and is
* not counted as a regular bounce, transparent has separate max */
if(label & LABEL_TRANSPARENT) {
state->flag |= PATH_RAY_TRANSPARENT;
state->transparent_bounce++;
if(!kernel_data.integrator.transparent_shadows)
state->flag |= PATH_RAY_MIS_SKIP;
return;
}
state->bounce++;
/* reflection/transmission */
if(label & LABEL_REFLECT) {
state->flag |= PATH_RAY_REFLECT;
state->flag &= ~(PATH_RAY_TRANSMIT|PATH_RAY_CAMERA|PATH_RAY_TRANSPARENT);
if(label & LABEL_DIFFUSE)
state->diffuse_bounce++;
else
state->glossy_bounce++;
}
else {
kernel_assert(label & LABEL_TRANSMIT);
state->flag |= PATH_RAY_TRANSMIT;
state->flag &= ~(PATH_RAY_REFLECT|PATH_RAY_CAMERA|PATH_RAY_TRANSPARENT);
state->transmission_bounce++;
}
/* diffuse/glossy/singular */
if(label & LABEL_DIFFUSE) {
state->flag |= PATH_RAY_DIFFUSE;
state->flag &= ~(PATH_RAY_GLOSSY|PATH_RAY_SINGULAR|PATH_RAY_MIS_SKIP);
}
else if(label & LABEL_GLOSSY) {
state->flag |= PATH_RAY_GLOSSY;
state->flag &= ~(PATH_RAY_DIFFUSE|PATH_RAY_SINGULAR|PATH_RAY_MIS_SKIP);
}
else {
kernel_assert(label & LABEL_SINGULAR);
state->flag |= PATH_RAY_GLOSSY|PATH_RAY_SINGULAR|PATH_RAY_MIS_SKIP;
state->flag &= ~PATH_RAY_DIFFUSE;
}
}
__device_inline uint path_state_ray_visibility(KernelGlobals *kg, PathState *state)
{
uint flag = state->flag;
/* for visibility, diffuse/glossy are for reflection only */
if(flag & PATH_RAY_TRANSMIT)
flag &= ~(PATH_RAY_DIFFUSE|PATH_RAY_GLOSSY);
/* for camera visibility, use render layer flags */
if(flag & PATH_RAY_CAMERA)
flag |= kernel_data.integrator.layer_flag;
return flag;
}
__device_inline float path_state_terminate_probability(KernelGlobals *kg, PathState *state, const float3 throughput)
{
if(state->flag & PATH_RAY_TRANSPARENT) {
/* transparent rays treated separately */
if(state->transparent_bounce >= kernel_data.integrator.transparent_max_bounce)
return 0.0f;
else if(state->transparent_bounce <= kernel_data.integrator.transparent_min_bounce)
return 1.0f;
}
else {
/* other rays */
if((state->bounce >= kernel_data.integrator.max_bounce) ||
(state->diffuse_bounce >= kernel_data.integrator.max_diffuse_bounce) ||
(state->glossy_bounce >= kernel_data.integrator.max_glossy_bounce) ||
(state->transmission_bounce >= kernel_data.integrator.max_transmission_bounce))
{
return 0.0f;
}
else if(state->bounce <= kernel_data.integrator.min_bounce) {
return 1.0f;
}
}
/* probalistic termination */
return average(throughput); /* todo: try using max here */
}
__device_inline bool shadow_blocked(KernelGlobals *kg, PathState *state, Ray *ray, float3 *shadow)
{
*shadow = make_float3(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
if(ray->t == 0.0f)
return false;
Intersection isect;
bool result = scene_intersect(kg, ray, PATH_RAY_SHADOW_OPAQUE, &isect);
#ifdef __TRANSPARENT_SHADOWS__
if(result && kernel_data.integrator.transparent_shadows) {
/* transparent shadows work in such a way to try to minimize overhead
* in cases where we don't need them. after a regular shadow ray is
* cast we check if the hit primitive was potentially transparent, and
* only in that case start marching. this gives on extra ray cast for
* the cases were we do want transparency.
*
* also note that for this to work correct, multi close sampling must
* be used, since we don't pass a random number to shader_eval_surface */
if(shader_transparent_shadow(kg, &isect)) {
float3 throughput = make_float3(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
float3 Pend = ray->P + ray->D*ray->t;
int bounce = state->transparent_bounce;
for(;;) {
if(bounce >= kernel_data.integrator.transparent_max_bounce) {
return true;
}
else if(bounce >= kernel_data.integrator.transparent_min_bounce) {
/* todo: get random number somewhere for probabilistic terminate */
#if 0
float probability = average(throughput);
float terminate = 0.0f;
if(terminate >= probability)
return true;
throughput /= probability;
#endif
}
if(!scene_intersect(kg, ray, PATH_RAY_SHADOW_TRANSPARENT, &isect)) {
*shadow *= throughput;
return false;
}
if(!shader_transparent_shadow(kg, &isect))
return true;
ShaderData sd;
shader_setup_from_ray(kg, &sd, &isect, ray);
shader_eval_surface(kg, &sd, 0.0f, PATH_RAY_SHADOW, SHADER_CONTEXT_SHADOW);
throughput *= shader_bsdf_transparency(kg, &sd);
ray->P = ray_offset(sd.P, -sd.Ng);
if(ray->t != FLT_MAX)
ray->D = normalize_len(Pend - ray->P, &ray->t);
shader_release(kg, &sd);
bounce++;
}
}
}
#endif
return result;
}
__device float4 kernel_path_progressive(KernelGlobals *kg, RNG *rng, int sample, Ray ray, __global float *buffer)
{
/* initialize */
PathRadiance L;
float3 throughput = make_float3(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
float L_transparent = 0.0f;
path_radiance_init(&L, kernel_data.film.use_light_pass);
float min_ray_pdf = FLT_MAX;
float ray_pdf = 0.0f;
#ifdef __LAMP_MIS__
float ray_t = 0.0f;
#endif
PathState state;
int rng_offset = PRNG_BASE_NUM;
path_state_init(&state);
/* path iteration */
for(;; rng_offset += PRNG_BOUNCE_NUM) {
/* intersect scene */
Intersection isect;
uint visibility = path_state_ray_visibility(kg, &state);
bool hit = scene_intersect(kg, &ray, visibility, &isect);
#ifdef __LAMP_MIS__
if(kernel_data.integrator.use_lamp_mis && !(state.flag & PATH_RAY_CAMERA)) {
/* ray starting from previous non-transparent bounce */
Ray light_ray;
light_ray.P = ray.P - ray_t*ray.D;
ray_t += isect.t;
light_ray.D = ray.D;
light_ray.t = ray_t;
light_ray.time = ray.time;
/* intersect with lamp */
float light_t = path_rng(kg, rng, sample, rng_offset + PRNG_LIGHT);
float3 emission;
if(indirect_lamp_emission(kg, &light_ray, state.flag, ray_pdf, light_t, &emission))
path_radiance_accum_emission(&L, throughput, emission, state.bounce);
}
#endif
if(!hit) {
/* eval background shader if nothing hit */
if(kernel_data.background.transparent && (state.flag & PATH_RAY_CAMERA)) {
L_transparent += average(throughput);
#ifdef __PASSES__
if(!(kernel_data.film.pass_flag & PASS_BACKGROUND))
#endif
break;
}
#ifdef __BACKGROUND__
/* sample background shader */
float3 L_background = indirect_background(kg, &ray, state.flag, ray_pdf);
path_radiance_accum_background(&L, throughput, L_background, state.bounce);
#endif
break;
}
/* setup shading */
ShaderData sd;
shader_setup_from_ray(kg, &sd, &isect, &ray);
float rbsdf = path_rng(kg, rng, sample, rng_offset + PRNG_BSDF);
shader_eval_surface(kg, &sd, rbsdf, state.flag, SHADER_CONTEXT_MAIN);
kernel_write_data_passes(kg, buffer, &L, &sd, sample, state.flag, throughput);
/* blurring of bsdf after bounces, for rays that have a small likelihood
* of following this particular path (diffuse, rough glossy) */
if(kernel_data.integrator.filter_glossy != FLT_MAX) {
float blur_pdf = kernel_data.integrator.filter_glossy*min_ray_pdf;
if(blur_pdf < 1.0f) {
float blur_roughness = sqrtf(1.0f - blur_pdf)*0.5f;
shader_bsdf_blur(kg, &sd, blur_roughness);
}
}
/* holdout */
#ifdef __HOLDOUT__
if((sd.flag & (SD_HOLDOUT|SD_HOLDOUT_MASK)) && (state.flag & PATH_RAY_CAMERA)) {
if(kernel_data.background.transparent) {
float3 holdout_weight;
if(sd.flag & SD_HOLDOUT_MASK)
holdout_weight = make_float3(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
else
holdout_weight = shader_holdout_eval(kg, &sd);
/* any throughput is ok, should all be identical here */
L_transparent += average(holdout_weight*throughput);
}
if(sd.flag & SD_HOLDOUT_MASK) {
shader_release(kg, &sd);
break;
}
}
#endif
#ifdef __EMISSION__
/* emission */
if(sd.flag & SD_EMISSION) {
/* todo: is isect.t wrong here for transparent surfaces? */
float3 emission = indirect_primitive_emission(kg, &sd, isect.t, state.flag, ray_pdf);
path_radiance_accum_emission(&L, throughput, emission, state.bounce);
}
#endif
/* path termination. this is a strange place to put the termination, it's
* mainly due to the mixed in MIS that we use. gives too many unneeded
* shader evaluations, only need emission if we are going to terminate */
float probability = path_state_terminate_probability(kg, &state, throughput);
float terminate = path_rng(kg, rng, sample, rng_offset + PRNG_TERMINATE);
if(terminate >= probability) {
shader_release(kg, &sd);
break;
}
throughput /= probability;
#ifdef __SUBSURFACE__
/* bssrdf scatter to a different location on the same object, replacing
* the closures with a diffuse BSDF */
if(sd.flag & SD_BSSRDF) {
float bssrdf_probability;
ShaderClosure *sc = subsurface_scatter_pick_closure(kg, &sd, &bssrdf_probability);
/* modify throughput for picking bssrdf or bsdf */
throughput *= bssrdf_probability;
/* do bssrdf scatter step if we picked a bssrdf closure */
if(sc) {
uint lcg_state = lcg_init(rbsdf);
subsurface_scatter_step(kg, &sd, state.flag, sc, &lcg_state);
}
}
#endif
#ifdef __AO__
/* ambient occlusion */
if(kernel_data.integrator.use_ambient_occlusion || (sd.flag & SD_AO)) {
/* todo: solve correlation */
float bsdf_u = path_rng(kg, rng, sample, rng_offset + PRNG_BSDF_U);
float bsdf_v = path_rng(kg, rng, sample, rng_offset + PRNG_BSDF_V);
float ao_factor = kernel_data.background.ao_factor;
float3 ao_N;
float3 ao_bsdf = shader_bsdf_ao(kg, &sd, ao_factor, &ao_N);
float3 ao_D;
float ao_pdf;
sample_cos_hemisphere(ao_N, bsdf_u, bsdf_v, &ao_D, &ao_pdf);
if(dot(sd.Ng, ao_D) > 0.0f && ao_pdf != 0.0f) {
Ray light_ray;
float3 ao_shadow;
light_ray.P = ray_offset(sd.P, sd.Ng);
light_ray.D = ao_D;
light_ray.t = kernel_data.background.ao_distance;
#ifdef __OBJECT_MOTION__
light_ray.time = sd.time;
#endif
if(!shadow_blocked(kg, &state, &light_ray, &ao_shadow))
path_radiance_accum_ao(&L, throughput, ao_bsdf, ao_shadow, state.bounce);
}
}
#endif
#ifdef __EMISSION__
if(kernel_data.integrator.use_direct_light) {
/* sample illumination from lights to find path contribution */
if(sd.flag & SD_BSDF_HAS_EVAL) {
float light_t = path_rng(kg, rng, sample, rng_offset + PRNG_LIGHT);
float light_o = path_rng(kg, rng, sample, rng_offset + PRNG_LIGHT_F);
float light_u = path_rng(kg, rng, sample, rng_offset + PRNG_LIGHT_U);
float light_v = path_rng(kg, rng, sample, rng_offset + PRNG_LIGHT_V);
Ray light_ray;
BsdfEval L_light;
bool is_lamp;
#ifdef __OBJECT_MOTION__
light_ray.time = sd.time;
#endif
if(direct_emission(kg, &sd, -1, light_t, light_o, light_u, light_v, &light_ray, &L_light, &is_lamp)) {
/* trace shadow ray */
float3 shadow;
if(!shadow_blocked(kg, &state, &light_ray, &shadow)) {
/* accumulate */
path_radiance_accum_light(&L, throughput, &L_light, shadow, 1.0f, state.bounce, is_lamp);
}
}
}
}
#endif
/* no BSDF? we can stop here */
if(!(sd.flag & SD_BSDF)) {
shader_release(kg, &sd);
break;
}
/* sample BSDF */
float bsdf_pdf;
BsdfEval bsdf_eval;
float3 bsdf_omega_in;
differential3 bsdf_domega_in;
float bsdf_u = path_rng(kg, rng, sample, rng_offset + PRNG_BSDF_U);
float bsdf_v = path_rng(kg, rng, sample, rng_offset + PRNG_BSDF_V);
int label;
label = shader_bsdf_sample(kg, &sd, bsdf_u, bsdf_v, &bsdf_eval,
&bsdf_omega_in, &bsdf_domega_in, &bsdf_pdf);
shader_release(kg, &sd);
if(bsdf_pdf == 0.0f || bsdf_eval_is_zero(&bsdf_eval))
break;
/* modify throughput */
path_radiance_bsdf_bounce(&L, &throughput, &bsdf_eval, bsdf_pdf, state.bounce, label);
/* set labels */
if(!(label & LABEL_TRANSPARENT)) {
ray_pdf = bsdf_pdf;
#ifdef __LAMP_MIS__
ray_t = 0.0f;
#endif
min_ray_pdf = fminf(bsdf_pdf, min_ray_pdf);
}
/* update path state */
path_state_next(kg, &state, label);
/* setup ray */
ray.P = ray_offset(sd.P, (label & LABEL_TRANSMIT)? -sd.Ng: sd.Ng);
ray.D = bsdf_omega_in;
if(state.bounce == 0)
ray.t -= sd.ray_length; /* clipping works through transparent */
else
ray.t = FLT_MAX;
#ifdef __RAY_DIFFERENTIALS__
ray.dP = sd.dP;
ray.dD = bsdf_domega_in;
#endif
}
float3 L_sum = path_radiance_sum(kg, &L);
#ifdef __CLAMP_SAMPLE__
path_radiance_clamp(&L, &L_sum, kernel_data.integrator.sample_clamp);
#endif
kernel_write_light_passes(kg, buffer, &L, sample);
return make_float4(L_sum.x, L_sum.y, L_sum.z, 1.0f - L_transparent);
}
#ifdef __NON_PROGRESSIVE__
__device void kernel_path_indirect(KernelGlobals *kg, RNG *rng, int sample, Ray ray, __global float *buffer,
float3 throughput, float num_samples_adjust,
float min_ray_pdf, float ray_pdf, PathState state, int rng_offset, PathRadiance *L)
{
#ifdef __LAMP_MIS__
float ray_t = 0.0f;
#endif
/* path iteration */
for(;; rng_offset += PRNG_BOUNCE_NUM) {
/* intersect scene */
Intersection isect;
uint visibility = path_state_ray_visibility(kg, &state);
bool hit = scene_intersect(kg, &ray, visibility, &isect);
#ifdef __LAMP_MIS__
if(kernel_data.integrator.use_lamp_mis && !(state.flag & PATH_RAY_CAMERA)) {
/* ray starting from previous non-transparent bounce */
Ray light_ray;
light_ray.P = ray.P - ray_t*ray.D;
ray_t += isect.t;
light_ray.D = ray.D;
light_ray.t = ray_t;
light_ray.time = ray.time;
/* intersect with lamp */
float light_t = path_rng(kg, rng, sample, rng_offset + PRNG_LIGHT);
float3 emission;
if(indirect_lamp_emission(kg, &light_ray, state.flag, ray_pdf, light_t, &emission))
path_radiance_accum_emission(L, throughput, emission, state.bounce);
}
#endif
if(!hit) {
#ifdef __BACKGROUND__
/* sample background shader */
float3 L_background = indirect_background(kg, &ray, state.flag, ray_pdf);
path_radiance_accum_background(L, throughput, L_background, state.bounce);
#endif
break;
}
/* setup shading */
ShaderData sd;
shader_setup_from_ray(kg, &sd, &isect, &ray);
float rbsdf = path_rng(kg, rng, sample, rng_offset + PRNG_BSDF);
shader_eval_surface(kg, &sd, rbsdf, state.flag, SHADER_CONTEXT_INDIRECT);
shader_merge_closures(kg, &sd);
/* blurring of bsdf after bounces, for rays that have a small likelihood
* of following this particular path (diffuse, rough glossy) */
if(kernel_data.integrator.filter_glossy != FLT_MAX) {
float blur_pdf = kernel_data.integrator.filter_glossy*min_ray_pdf;
if(blur_pdf < 1.0f) {
float blur_roughness = sqrtf(1.0f - blur_pdf)*0.5f;
shader_bsdf_blur(kg, &sd, blur_roughness);
}
}
#ifdef __EMISSION__
/* emission */
if(sd.flag & SD_EMISSION) {
float3 emission = indirect_primitive_emission(kg, &sd, isect.t, state.flag, ray_pdf);
path_radiance_accum_emission(L, throughput, emission, state.bounce);
}
#endif
/* path termination. this is a strange place to put the termination, it's
* mainly due to the mixed in MIS that we use. gives too many unneeded
* shader evaluations, only need emission if we are going to terminate */
float probability = path_state_terminate_probability(kg, &state, throughput*num_samples_adjust);
float terminate = path_rng(kg, rng, sample, rng_offset + PRNG_TERMINATE);
if(terminate >= probability) {
shader_release(kg, &sd);
break;
}
throughput /= probability;
#ifdef __SUBSURFACE__
/* bssrdf scatter to a different location on the same object, replacing
* the closures with a diffuse BSDF */
if(sd.flag & SD_BSSRDF) {
float bssrdf_probability;
ShaderClosure *sc = subsurface_scatter_pick_closure(kg, &sd, &bssrdf_probability);
/* modify throughput for picking bssrdf or bsdf */
throughput *= bssrdf_probability;
/* do bssrdf scatter step if we picked a bssrdf closure */
if(sc) {
uint lcg_state = lcg_init(rbsdf);
subsurface_scatter_step(kg, &sd, state.flag, sc, &lcg_state);
}
}
#endif
#ifdef __AO__
/* ambient occlusion */
if(kernel_data.integrator.use_ambient_occlusion || (sd.flag & SD_AO)) {
/* todo: solve correlation */
float bsdf_u = path_rng(kg, rng, sample, rng_offset + PRNG_BSDF_U);
float bsdf_v = path_rng(kg, rng, sample, rng_offset + PRNG_BSDF_V);
float ao_factor = kernel_data.background.ao_factor;
float3 ao_N;
float3 ao_bsdf = shader_bsdf_ao(kg, &sd, ao_factor, &ao_N);
float3 ao_D;
float ao_pdf;
sample_cos_hemisphere(ao_N, bsdf_u, bsdf_v, &ao_D, &ao_pdf);
if(dot(sd.Ng, ao_D) > 0.0f && ao_pdf != 0.0f) {
Ray light_ray;
float3 ao_shadow;
light_ray.P = ray_offset(sd.P, sd.Ng);
light_ray.D = ao_D;
light_ray.t = kernel_data.background.ao_distance;
#ifdef __OBJECT_MOTION__
light_ray.time = sd.time;
#endif
if(!shadow_blocked(kg, &state, &light_ray, &ao_shadow))
path_radiance_accum_ao(L, throughput, ao_bsdf, ao_shadow, state.bounce);
}
}
#endif
#ifdef __EMISSION__
if(kernel_data.integrator.use_direct_light) {
/* sample illumination from lights to find path contribution */
if(sd.flag & SD_BSDF_HAS_EVAL) {
float light_t = path_rng(kg, rng, sample, rng_offset + PRNG_LIGHT);
float light_o = path_rng(kg, rng, sample, rng_offset + PRNG_LIGHT_F);
float light_u = path_rng(kg, rng, sample, rng_offset + PRNG_LIGHT_U);
float light_v = path_rng(kg, rng, sample, rng_offset + PRNG_LIGHT_V);
Ray light_ray;
BsdfEval L_light;
bool is_lamp;
#ifdef __OBJECT_MOTION__
light_ray.time = sd.time;
#endif
/* sample random light */
if(direct_emission(kg, &sd, -1, light_t, light_o, light_u, light_v, &light_ray, &L_light, &is_lamp)) {
/* trace shadow ray */
float3 shadow;
if(!shadow_blocked(kg, &state, &light_ray, &shadow)) {
/* accumulate */
path_radiance_accum_light(L, throughput, &L_light, shadow, 1.0f, state.bounce, is_lamp);
}
}
}
}
#endif
/* no BSDF? we can stop here */
if(!(sd.flag & SD_BSDF)) {
shader_release(kg, &sd);
break;
}
/* sample BSDF */
float bsdf_pdf;
BsdfEval bsdf_eval;
float3 bsdf_omega_in;
differential3 bsdf_domega_in;
float bsdf_u = path_rng(kg, rng, sample, rng_offset + PRNG_BSDF_U);
float bsdf_v = path_rng(kg, rng, sample, rng_offset + PRNG_BSDF_V);
int label;
label = shader_bsdf_sample(kg, &sd, bsdf_u, bsdf_v, &bsdf_eval,
&bsdf_omega_in, &bsdf_domega_in, &bsdf_pdf);
shader_release(kg, &sd);
if(bsdf_pdf == 0.0f || bsdf_eval_is_zero(&bsdf_eval))
break;
/* modify throughput */
path_radiance_bsdf_bounce(L, &throughput, &bsdf_eval, bsdf_pdf, state.bounce, label);
/* set labels */
if(!(label & LABEL_TRANSPARENT)) {
ray_pdf = bsdf_pdf;
#ifdef __LAMP_MIS__
ray_t = 0.0f;
#endif
min_ray_pdf = fminf(bsdf_pdf, min_ray_pdf);
}
/* update path state */
path_state_next(kg, &state, label);
/* setup ray */
ray.P = ray_offset(sd.P, (label & LABEL_TRANSMIT)? -sd.Ng: sd.Ng);
ray.D = bsdf_omega_in;
ray.t = FLT_MAX;
#ifdef __RAY_DIFFERENTIALS__
ray.dP = sd.dP;
ray.dD = bsdf_domega_in;
#endif
}
}
__device_noinline void kernel_path_non_progressive_lighting(KernelGlobals *kg, RNG *rng, int sample,
ShaderData *sd, float3 throughput, float num_samples_adjust,
float min_ray_pdf, float ray_pdf, PathState state,
int rng_offset, PathRadiance *L, __global float *buffer)
{
#ifdef __AO__
/* ambient occlusion */
if(kernel_data.integrator.use_ambient_occlusion || (sd->flag & SD_AO)) {
int num_samples = ceil(kernel_data.integrator.ao_samples*num_samples_adjust);
float num_samples_inv = num_samples_adjust/num_samples;
float ao_factor = kernel_data.background.ao_factor;
float3 ao_N;
float3 ao_bsdf = shader_bsdf_ao(kg, sd, ao_factor, &ao_N);
for(int j = 0; j < num_samples; j++) {
/* todo: solve correlation */
float bsdf_u = path_rng(kg, rng, sample*num_samples + j, rng_offset + PRNG_BSDF_U);
float bsdf_v = path_rng(kg, rng, sample*num_samples + j, rng_offset + PRNG_BSDF_V);
float3 ao_D;
float ao_pdf;
sample_cos_hemisphere(ao_N, bsdf_u, bsdf_v, &ao_D, &ao_pdf);
if(dot(sd->Ng, ao_D) > 0.0f && ao_pdf != 0.0f) {
Ray light_ray;
float3 ao_shadow;
light_ray.P = ray_offset(sd->P, sd->Ng);
light_ray.D = ao_D;
light_ray.t = kernel_data.background.ao_distance;
#ifdef __OBJECT_MOTION__
light_ray.time = sd->time;
#endif
if(!shadow_blocked(kg, &state, &light_ray, &ao_shadow))
path_radiance_accum_ao(L, throughput*num_samples_inv, ao_bsdf, ao_shadow, state.bounce);
}
}
}
#endif
#ifdef __EMISSION__
/* sample illumination from lights to find path contribution */
if(sd->flag & SD_BSDF_HAS_EVAL) {
Ray light_ray;
BsdfEval L_light;
bool is_lamp;
#ifdef __OBJECT_MOTION__
light_ray.time = sd->time;
#endif
/* lamp sampling */
for(int i = 0; i < kernel_data.integrator.num_all_lights; i++) {
int num_samples = ceil(num_samples_adjust*light_select_num_samples(kg, i));
float num_samples_inv = num_samples_adjust/(num_samples*kernel_data.integrator.num_all_lights);
if(kernel_data.integrator.pdf_triangles != 0.0f)
num_samples_inv *= 0.5f;
for(int j = 0; j < num_samples; j++) {
float light_u = path_rng(kg, rng, sample*num_samples + j, rng_offset + PRNG_LIGHT_U);
float light_v = path_rng(kg, rng, sample*num_samples + j, rng_offset + PRNG_LIGHT_V);
if(direct_emission(kg, sd, i, 0.0f, 0.0f, light_u, light_v, &light_ray, &L_light, &is_lamp)) {
/* trace shadow ray */
float3 shadow;
if(!shadow_blocked(kg, &state, &light_ray, &shadow)) {
/* accumulate */
path_radiance_accum_light(L, throughput*num_samples_inv, &L_light, shadow, num_samples_inv, state.bounce, is_lamp);
}
}
}
}
/* mesh light sampling */
if(kernel_data.integrator.pdf_triangles != 0.0f) {
int num_samples = ceil(num_samples_adjust*kernel_data.integrator.mesh_light_samples);
float num_samples_inv = num_samples_adjust/num_samples;
if(kernel_data.integrator.num_all_lights)
num_samples_inv *= 0.5f;
for(int j = 0; j < num_samples; j++) {
float light_t = path_rng(kg, rng, sample*num_samples + j, rng_offset + PRNG_LIGHT);
float light_u = path_rng(kg, rng, sample*num_samples + j, rng_offset + PRNG_LIGHT_U);
float light_v = path_rng(kg, rng, sample*num_samples + j, rng_offset + PRNG_LIGHT_V);
/* only sample triangle lights */
if(kernel_data.integrator.num_all_lights)
light_t = 0.5f*light_t;
if(direct_emission(kg, sd, -1, light_t, 0.0f, light_u, light_v, &light_ray, &L_light, &is_lamp)) {
/* trace shadow ray */
float3 shadow;
if(!shadow_blocked(kg, &state, &light_ray, &shadow)) {
/* accumulate */
path_radiance_accum_light(L, throughput*num_samples_inv, &L_light, shadow, num_samples_inv, state.bounce, is_lamp);
}
}
}
}
}
#endif
for(int i = 0; i< sd->num_closure; i++) {
const ShaderClosure *sc = &sd->closure[i];
if(!CLOSURE_IS_BSDF(sc->type))
continue;
/* transparency is not handled here, but in outer loop */
if(sc->type == CLOSURE_BSDF_TRANSPARENT_ID)
continue;
int num_samples;
if(CLOSURE_IS_BSDF_DIFFUSE(sc->type))
num_samples = kernel_data.integrator.diffuse_samples;
else if(CLOSURE_IS_BSDF_GLOSSY(sc->type))
num_samples = kernel_data.integrator.glossy_samples;
else
num_samples = kernel_data.integrator.transmission_samples;
num_samples = ceil(num_samples_adjust*num_samples);
float num_samples_inv = num_samples_adjust/num_samples;
for(int j = 0; j < num_samples; j++) {
/* sample BSDF */
float bsdf_pdf;
BsdfEval bsdf_eval;
float3 bsdf_omega_in;
differential3 bsdf_domega_in;
float bsdf_u = path_rng(kg, rng, sample*num_samples + j, rng_offset + PRNG_BSDF_U);
float bsdf_v = path_rng(kg, rng, sample*num_samples + j, rng_offset + PRNG_BSDF_V);
int label;
label = shader_bsdf_sample_closure(kg, sd, sc, bsdf_u, bsdf_v, &bsdf_eval,
&bsdf_omega_in, &bsdf_domega_in, &bsdf_pdf);
if(bsdf_pdf == 0.0f || bsdf_eval_is_zero(&bsdf_eval))
continue;
/* modify throughput */
float3 tp = throughput;
path_radiance_bsdf_bounce(L, &tp, &bsdf_eval, bsdf_pdf, state.bounce, label);
/* set labels */
float min_ray_pdf = FLT_MAX;
if(!(label & LABEL_TRANSPARENT))
min_ray_pdf = fminf(bsdf_pdf, min_ray_pdf);
/* modify path state */
PathState ps = state;
path_state_next(kg, &ps, label);
/* setup ray */
Ray bsdf_ray;
bsdf_ray.P = ray_offset(sd->P, (label & LABEL_TRANSMIT)? -sd->Ng: sd->Ng);
bsdf_ray.D = bsdf_omega_in;
bsdf_ray.t = FLT_MAX;
#ifdef __RAY_DIFFERENTIALS__
bsdf_ray.dP = sd->dP;
bsdf_ray.dD = bsdf_domega_in;
#endif
#ifdef __OBJECT_MOTION__
bsdf_ray.time = sd->time;
#endif
kernel_path_indirect(kg, rng, sample*num_samples + j, bsdf_ray, buffer,
tp*num_samples_inv, num_samples,
min_ray_pdf, bsdf_pdf, ps, rng_offset+PRNG_BOUNCE_NUM, L);
/* for render passes, sum and reset indirect light pass variables
* for the next samples */
path_radiance_sum_indirect(L);
path_radiance_reset_indirect(L);
}
}
}
__device float4 kernel_path_non_progressive(KernelGlobals *kg, RNG *rng, int sample, Ray ray, __global float *buffer)
{
/* initialize */
PathRadiance L;
float3 throughput = make_float3(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
float L_transparent = 0.0f;
path_radiance_init(&L, kernel_data.film.use_light_pass);
float ray_pdf = 0.0f;
PathState state;
int rng_offset = PRNG_BASE_NUM;
path_state_init(&state);
for(;; rng_offset += PRNG_BOUNCE_NUM) {
/* intersect scene */
Intersection isect;
uint visibility = path_state_ray_visibility(kg, &state);
if(!scene_intersect(kg, &ray, visibility, &isect)) {
/* eval background shader if nothing hit */
if(kernel_data.background.transparent) {
L_transparent += average(throughput);
#ifdef __PASSES__
if(!(kernel_data.film.pass_flag & PASS_BACKGROUND))
#endif
break;
}
#ifdef __BACKGROUND__
/* sample background shader */
float3 L_background = indirect_background(kg, &ray, state.flag, ray_pdf);
path_radiance_accum_background(&L, throughput, L_background, state.bounce);
#endif
break;
}
/* setup shading */
ShaderData sd;
shader_setup_from_ray(kg, &sd, &isect, &ray);
float rbsdf = path_rng(kg, rng, sample, rng_offset + PRNG_BSDF);
shader_eval_surface(kg, &sd, rbsdf, state.flag, SHADER_CONTEXT_MAIN);
shader_merge_closures(kg, &sd);
kernel_write_data_passes(kg, buffer, &L, &sd, sample, state.flag, throughput);
/* holdout */
#ifdef __HOLDOUT__
if((sd.flag & (SD_HOLDOUT|SD_HOLDOUT_MASK))) {
if(kernel_data.background.transparent) {
float3 holdout_weight;
if(sd.flag & SD_HOLDOUT_MASK)
holdout_weight = make_float3(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
else
holdout_weight = shader_holdout_eval(kg, &sd);
/* any throughput is ok, should all be identical here */
L_transparent += average(holdout_weight*throughput);
}
if(sd.flag & SD_HOLDOUT_MASK) {
shader_release(kg, &sd);
break;
}
}
#endif
#ifdef __EMISSION__
/* emission */
if(sd.flag & SD_EMISSION) {
float3 emission = indirect_primitive_emission(kg, &sd, isect.t, state.flag, ray_pdf);
path_radiance_accum_emission(&L, throughput, emission, state.bounce);
}
#endif
/* transparency termination */
if(state.flag & PATH_RAY_TRANSPARENT) {
/* path termination. this is a strange place to put the termination, it's
* mainly due to the mixed in MIS that we use. gives too many unneeded
* shader evaluations, only need emission if we are going to terminate */
float probability = path_state_terminate_probability(kg, &state, throughput);
float terminate = path_rng(kg, rng, sample, rng_offset + PRNG_TERMINATE);
if(terminate >= probability) {
shader_release(kg, &sd);
break;
}
throughput /= probability;
}
#ifdef __SUBSURFACE__
/* bssrdf scatter to a different location on the same object */
if(sd.flag & SD_BSSRDF) {
for(int i = 0; i< sd.num_closure; i++) {
ShaderClosure *sc = &sd.closure[i];
if(!CLOSURE_IS_BSSRDF(sc->type))
continue;
/* set up random number generator */
uint lcg_state = lcg_init(rbsdf);
int num_samples = kernel_data.integrator.subsurface_samples;
float num_samples_inv = 1.0f/num_samples;
/* do subsurface scatter step with copy of shader data, this will
* replace the BSSRDF with a diffuse BSDF closure */
for(int j = 0; j < num_samples; j++) {
ShaderData bssrdf_sd = sd;
subsurface_scatter_step(kg, &bssrdf_sd, state.flag, sc, &lcg_state);
/* compute lighting with the BSDF closure */
kernel_path_non_progressive_lighting(kg, rng, sample*num_samples + j,
&bssrdf_sd, throughput, num_samples_inv,
ray_pdf, ray_pdf, state, rng_offset, &L, buffer);
}
}
}
#endif
/* lighting */
kernel_path_non_progressive_lighting(kg, rng, sample, &sd, throughput,
1.0f, ray_pdf, ray_pdf, state, rng_offset, &L, buffer);
/* continue in case of transparency */
throughput *= shader_bsdf_transparency(kg, &sd);
shader_release(kg, &sd);
if(is_zero(throughput))
break;
path_state_next(kg, &state, LABEL_TRANSPARENT);
ray.P = ray_offset(sd.P, -sd.Ng);
ray.t -= sd.ray_length; /* clipping works through transparent */
}
float3 L_sum = path_radiance_sum(kg, &L);
#ifdef __CLAMP_SAMPLE__
path_radiance_clamp(&L, &L_sum, kernel_data.integrator.sample_clamp);
#endif
kernel_write_light_passes(kg, buffer, &L, sample);
return make_float4(L_sum.x, L_sum.y, L_sum.z, 1.0f - L_transparent);
}
#endif
__device void kernel_path_trace(KernelGlobals *kg,
__global float *buffer, __global uint *rng_state,
int sample, int x, int y, int offset, int stride)
{
/* buffer offset */
int index = offset + x + y*stride;
int pass_stride = kernel_data.film.pass_stride;
rng_state += index;
buffer += index*pass_stride;
/* initialize random numbers */
RNG rng;
float filter_u;
float filter_v;
path_rng_init(kg, rng_state, sample, &rng, x, y, &filter_u, &filter_v);
/* sample camera ray */
Ray ray;
float lens_u = path_rng(kg, &rng, sample, PRNG_LENS_U);
float lens_v = path_rng(kg, &rng, sample, PRNG_LENS_V);
#ifdef __CAMERA_MOTION__
float time = path_rng(kg, &rng, sample, PRNG_TIME);
#else
float time = 0.0f;
#endif
camera_sample(kg, x, y, filter_u, filter_v, lens_u, lens_v, time, &ray);
/* integrate */
float4 L;
if (ray.t != 0.0f) {
#ifdef __NON_PROGRESSIVE__
if(kernel_data.integrator.progressive)
#endif
L = kernel_path_progressive(kg, &rng, sample, ray, buffer);
#ifdef __NON_PROGRESSIVE__
else
L = kernel_path_non_progressive(kg, &rng, sample, ray, buffer);
#endif
}
else
L = make_float4(0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f);
/* accumulate result in output buffer */
kernel_write_pass_float4(buffer, sample, L);
path_rng_end(kg, rng_state, rng);
}
CCL_NAMESPACE_END