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My_diary/Debian12 安装 oracle11g.md

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Debian12 安装 oracle11g

  1. 查看系统版本

  2. 设置本地时区为上海

    timedatectl
apt-get install ntpdate
timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com
date

  3. 检查当前系统版本号

    root@debianPE:~# lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Debian
Description:    Debian GNU/Linux 12 (bookworm)
Release:        12
Codename:       bookworm

  4. 安装必用软件

    apt-get install -y vim net-tools

  5. 配置虚拟内存

    root@debianPE:~# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
SwapTotal:        998396 kB
root@debianPE:~# free -h
               total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           1.9Gi       955Mi       400Mi        13Mi       784Mi       1.0Gi
Swap:          974Mi          0B       974Mi
root@debianPE:~# sudo swapoff -a
root@debianPE:~# sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1G count=4 
4+0 records in
4+0 records out
4294967296 bytes (4.3 GB, 4.0 GiB) copied, 19.3218 s, 222 MB/s
root@debianPE:~# sudo mkswap /swapfile
mkswap: /swapfile: insecure permissions 0644, fix with: chmod 0600 /swapfile
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 4 GiB (4294963200 bytes)
no label, UUID=24c39cae-4736-4bfb-90df-a0261c14efbe
root@debianPE:~# sudo swapon /swapfile
swapon: /swapfile: insecure permissions 0644, 0600 suggested.
root@debianPE:~# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
SwapTotal:       4194300 kB

  6. Configuring the static IP address

进入图形界面配置

  1. 验证主机名和用户信息

    root@debianPE:~# hostnamectl
 Static hostname: debianPE
       Icon name: computer-vm
         Chassis: vm 🖴
      Machine ID: 49d85c389b8e4dc99e284730f244dfde
         Boot ID: 4f3ef4e224ba4715add5c52df2e54d67
  Virtualization: kvm
Operating System: Debian GNU/Linux 12 (bookworm)              
          Kernel: Linux 6.1.0-25-amd64
    Architecture: x86-64
 Hardware Vendor: QEMU
  Hardware Model: Standard PC _i440FX + PIIX, 1996_
Firmware Version: rel-1.16.2-0-gea1b7a073390-prebuilt.qemu.org
root@debianPE:~# groupadd oinstall
root@debianPE:~# groupadd dba
root@debianPE:~# mkdir -p /home/oracle
root@debianPE:~# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
root@debianPE:~# useradd -g oinstall -G dba -d /home/oracle -s /bin/bash oracle
root@debianPE:~# passwd oracle
New password: 
Retype new password: 
passwd: password updated successfully
root@debianPE:~# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle
root@debianPE:~# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
root@debianPE:~# mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory
root@debianPE:~# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oraInventory

  2. 配置系统参数

    root@debianPE:~# nano /etc/sysctl.conf 

vim /etc/sysctl.conf

Append the lines shown below to the end of this configuration file.

# ============================

# Oracle 11g

# ============================

# semaphores: semmsl, semmns, semopm, semmni

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmni = 4096

# Replace kernel.shmmax with the half of your memory size in bytes

# if lower than 4 GB minus 1

# 2147483648 is 2 GigaBytes (4 GB of RAM / 2)

kernel.shmmax=2147483648

#

# Max number of network connections. Use sysctl -a | grep ip_local_port_range to check.

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000  65500

#

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

#

# The maximum allowed value, set to avoid overhead and input/output errors

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

# 512 * Processes

fs.file-max = 6815744

fs.suid_dumpable = 1

#

# To allow dba to allocate hugetlbfs pages

# 1001 is your oinstall group, you can check this id with the grep oinstall /etc/group command

vm.hugetlb_shm_group = 1001

Apply the kernel parameters you have set:

sysctl -p


--------------------------

root@debianPE:~# sysctl -p
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000  65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
fs.suid_dumpable = 1
vm.hugetlb_shm_group = 1001
root@debianPE:~#

  3. Set up limits.conf

    Edit the /etc/security/limits.conf file:

vim /etc/security/limits.conf

Add the following lines to the end of the configuration file:

# Oracle

oracle           soft    nproc   2047

oracle           hard    nproc   16384

oracle           soft    nofile  1024

oracle           hard    nofile  65536

oracle           soft    stack   10240

The first column specifies the user for whom the limits are set.

  4. PAM configration

    root@debianPE:~# cat /etc/pam.d/login | grep pam_limits.so
session    required   pam_limits.so
root@debianPE:~#

  5. Setting the shell profile

    Edit /etc/profile and set some needed parameters for oracle globally and permanently:

vim /etc/profile

Add the following lines:

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then

        if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

              ulimit -p 16384

              ulimit -n 65536

        else

              ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

        fi

fi

Note: It is useful to know when each shell configuration file can be used because later you will need to configure a profile that contains environment variables for the oracle user.

  6. Installing the required packages

    按照手册详操作，比较复杂

  7. Creating symbolic links

    Run commands as root:

mkdir /usr/lib64

ln -s /etc /etc/rc.d

ln -s /usr/bin/awk /bin/awk

ln -s /usr/bin/basename /bin/basename

ln -s /usr/bin/rpm /bin/rpm

ln -s /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 /usr/lib64/

ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a /usr/lib64/

ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread_nonshared.a /usr/lib64/

ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 /usr/lib64/

ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu /usr/lib64

ln -sf /bin/bash /bin/sh

ln -s /etc/rc0.d /etc/rc.d/rc0.d

ln -s /etc/rc2.d /etc/rc.d/rc2.d

ln -s /etc/rc3.d /etc/rc.d/rc3.d

ln -s /etc/rc4.d /etc/rc.d/rc4.d

ln -s /etc/rc5.d /etc/rc.d/rc5.d

ln -s /etc/rc6.d /etc/rc.d/rc6.d

ln -s /etc/init.d /etc/rc.d/init.d

The above commands help prevent errors, such as:

genclntsh: Failed to link libclntsh.so.11.1 in make file for rdbms/lib/ins_rdbms.mk because of missing library: /usr/bin/ld: cannot find /usr/lib64/libpthread_nonshared.a inside
lib//libagtsh.so: undefined reference to `nnfyboot’ in make: rdbms/lib/dg4odbc] Error 1
Now let’s prevent one more error: /lib64/libgcc_s.so.1: File or directory does not exist, while creating lib/liborasdkbase.so.11.1 in ins_rdbms.mk. Go to the /lib64 directory and execute the command:

cd /lib64

ln -s /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 .

Don’t miss the dot at the end of the command.

Set the Linux version as Red Hat Linux release 5 in /etc/redhat-release. Red Hat Linux distributions store their version in that file.

echo 'Red Hat Linux release 5' > /etc/redhat-release