[java] Update implementation for "Pattern Matching for switch"

See JEP 427
This is a preview feature

pmd-core/src/main/resources/rulesets/internal/all-java.xml

@@ -26,6 +26,13 @@
     <!-- this file contains are parse error explicitly -->
     <exclude-pattern>.*/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/ast/InfiniteLoopInLookahead.java</exclude-pattern>
 
+    <!-- the following files cannot be parsed with the latest java version (19 preview) anymore
+         since java 17/18 preview grammar is different.
+    -->
+    <exclude-pattern>.*/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/ast/jdkversiontests/java17p/GuardedAndParenthesizedPatterns.java</exclude-pattern>
+    <exclude-pattern>.*/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/ast/jdkversiontests/java18p/GuardedAndParenthesizedPatterns.java</exclude-pattern>
+    <exclude-pattern>.*/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/ast/jdkversiontests/java18p/RefiningPatternsInSwitch.java</exclude-pattern>
+
     <rule ref="category/java/bestpractices.xml" />
     <rule ref="category/java/codestyle.xml" />
     <rule ref="category/java/design.xml" />

pmd-java/etc/grammar/Java.jjt

@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
 /**
+ * Support "JEP 427: Pattern Matching for switch (Third Preview)" for Java 19 Preview
+ * Note: GuardedPattern is deprecated and only valid for 17-preview and 18-preview
+ * New AST node: Guard - used within switch case labels for refining a pattern
+ * Andreas Dangel 07/2022
+ *====================================================================
  * Support "JEP 420: Pattern Matching for switch (Second Preview)" for Java 18 Preview
  * There were no grammar changes between 18-preview and 17-preview
  * Remove support for Java 16 preview language features
@@ -556,8 +561,20 @@ public class JavaParser {
   }
 
   private void checkForGuardedPatterns() {
-    if (!isJEP406Supported()) {
-        throwParseException("Guarded patterns are only supported with JDK 17 Preview or JDK 18 Preview or JDK 19 Preview.");
+    if (!((jdkVersion == 17 || jdkVersion == 18) && preview)) {
+        throwParseException("Guarded patterns are only supported with JDK 17 Preview or JDK 18 Preview.");
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void checkForParenthesizedInstanceOfPattern() {
+    if (!((jdkVersion == 17 || jdkVersion == 18) && preview)) {
+        throwParseException("Parenthesized InstanceOf patterns are only supported with JDK 17 Preview or JDK 18 Preview.");
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void checkForGuard() {
+    if (!((jdkVersion == 19) && preview)) {
+      throwParseException("Guards are only supported with JDK 19 Preview.");
     }
   }
 
@@ -1761,7 +1778,8 @@ void EqualityExpression() #EqualityExpression(>1):
 void Pattern() #void:
 {}
 {
-    PrimaryPattern() [ GuardedPatternCondition() #GuardedPattern(2) {checkForGuardedPatterns();} ]
+    TypePattern() [ GuardedPatternCondition() #GuardedPattern(2) {checkForGuardedPatterns();} ]
+    | ParenthesizedPattern()
 }
 
 void GuardedPatternCondition() #void:
@@ -1770,11 +1788,10 @@ void GuardedPatternCondition() #void:
     "&&" ConditionalAndExpression()
 }
 
-void PrimaryPattern() #void:
+void ParenthesizedPattern() #void:
 {}
 {
-    TypePattern()
-    | "(" Pattern() ")" { AstImplUtil.bumpParenDepth((ASTPattern) jjtree.peekNode()); }
+    "(" Pattern() ")" { AstImplUtil.bumpParenDepth((ASTPattern) jjtree.peekNode()); }
 }
 
 void TypePattern():
@@ -1791,9 +1808,9 @@ void InstanceOfExpression() #InstanceOfExpression(>1):
   RelationalExpression()
   [ "instanceof"
       (
-        LOOKAHEAD("final" | "@") {checkforBadInstanceOfPattern();} PrimaryPattern()
+        LOOKAHEAD("final" | "@") {checkforBadInstanceOfPattern();} Pattern()
       |
-        LOOKAHEAD("(") Pattern() {checkforBadInstanceOfPattern();}
+        LOOKAHEAD("(") Pattern() {checkForParenthesizedInstanceOfPattern();}
       |
         Type()
         [ {checkforBadInstanceOfPattern();} VariableDeclaratorId() #TypePattern(2) ]
@@ -2275,7 +2292,7 @@ void CaseLabelElement(ASTSwitchLabel label) #void:
 {
     "default" {label.setDefault(); checkForDefaultCaseLabel();}
     |
-    LOOKAHEAD(Pattern()) Pattern() {checkForPatternMatchingInSwitch();}
+    LOOKAHEAD(Pattern()) Pattern() {checkForPatternMatchingInSwitch();} ( LOOKAHEAD({isKeyword("when")}) Guard() )*
     |
     ConditionalExpression() #Expression
         {
@@ -2285,6 +2302,21 @@ void CaseLabelElement(ASTSwitchLabel label) #void:
         }
 }
 
+void Guard() :
+{
+    Token t;
+    checkForGuard();
+}
+{
+    t = <IDENTIFIER> {
+        if (!"when".equals(t.image)) {
+            throw new ParseException("ERROR: expected 'when'");
+        }
+    }
+
+    Expression()
+}
+
 void YieldStatement() :
 { checkForYieldStatement(); }
 {

pmd-java/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/ast/ASTGuard.java

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ * BSD-style license; for more info see http://pmd.sourceforge.net/license.html
+ */
+
+package net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.java.ast;
+
+import net.sourceforge.pmd.annotation.Experimental;
+
+/**
+ * A guard for refining a switch case in {@link ASTSwitchLabel}s.
+ *
+ * <pre class="grammar">
+ *
+ * SwitchLabel := "case" {@linkplain ASTPattern Pattern} "when" {@linkplain ASTGuard Guard}
+ * Guard ::= {@linkplain ASTExpression Expression}
+ *
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @see <a href="https://openjdk.org/jeps/427">JEP 427: Pattern Matching for switch (Third Preview)</a>
+*/
+@Experimental
+public final class ASTGuard extends AbstractJavaNode {
+
+    ASTGuard(int id) {
+        super(id);
+    }
+
+    ASTGuard(JavaParser p, int id) {
+        super(p, id);
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public Object jjtAccept(JavaParserVisitor visitor, Object data) {
+        return visitor.visit(this, data);
+    }
+
+    public ASTExpression getGuard() {
+        return (ASTExpression) getChild(0);
+    }
+}

pmd-java/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/ast/ASTGuardedPattern.java

@@ -17,8 +17,11 @@ import net.sourceforge.pmd.annotation.Experimental;
  * </pre>
  *
  * @see <a href="https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/406">JEP 406: Pattern Matching for switch (Preview)</a>
+ *
+ * @deprecated This is not used with java 19 preview anymore. Only valid for java 18 preview.
 */
 @Experimental
+@Deprecated
 public final class ASTGuardedPattern extends AbstractJavaNode implements ASTPattern {
 
     private int parenDepth;

pmd-java/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/ast/ASTPattern.java

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ import net.sourceforge.pmd.annotation.Experimental;
  * <pre class="grammar">
  *
  * Pattern ::=   {@link ASTTypePattern TypePattern}
- *             | {@link ASTGuardedPattern GuardedPattern}
  *
  * </pre>
  * 

pmd-java/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/ast/JavaParserDecoratedVisitor.java

@@ -944,9 +944,17 @@ public class JavaParserDecoratedVisitor implements JavaParserVisitor {
     }
 
     @Experimental
+    @Deprecated
     @Override
     public Object visit(ASTGuardedPattern node, Object data) {
         visitor.visit(node, data);
         return visit((JavaNode) node, data);
     }
+
+    @Experimental
+    @Override
+    public Object visit(ASTGuard node, Object data) {
+        visitor.visit(node, data);
+        return visit((JavaNode) node, data);
+    }
 }

pmd-java/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/ast/JavaParserVisitorAdapter.java

@@ -664,8 +664,15 @@ public class JavaParserVisitorAdapter implements JavaParserVisitor {
     }
 
     @Experimental
+    @Deprecated
     @Override
     public Object visit(ASTGuardedPattern node, Object data) {
         return visit((JavaNode) node, data);
     }
+
+    @Experimental
+    @Override
+    public Object visit(ASTGuard node, Object data) {
+        return visit((JavaNode) node, data);
+    }
 }

pmd-java/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/ast/JavaParserVisitorDecorator.java

@@ -796,8 +796,15 @@ public class JavaParserVisitorDecorator implements JavaParserControllessVisitor
     }
 
     @Experimental
+    @Deprecated
     @Override
     public Object visit(ASTGuardedPattern node, Object data) {
         return visitor.visit(node, data);
     }
+
+    @Experimental
+    @Override
+    public Object visit(ASTGuard node, Object data) {
+        return visitor.visit(node, data);
+    }
 }

pmd-java/src/main/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/rule/AbstractJavaRule.java

@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.java.ast.ASTForStatement;
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.java.ast.ASTForUpdate;
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.java.ast.ASTFormalParameter;
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.java.ast.ASTFormalParameters;
+import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.java.ast.ASTGuard;
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.java.ast.ASTGuardedPattern;
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.java.ast.ASTIfStatement;
 import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.java.ast.ASTImplementsList;
@@ -874,11 +875,19 @@ public abstract class AbstractJavaRule extends AbstractRule implements JavaParse
         return visit((JavaNode) node, data);
     }
 
+
     @Experimental
+    @Deprecated
     @Override
     public Object visit(ASTGuardedPattern node, Object data) {
         return visit((JavaNode) node, data);
     }
 
+    @Experimental
+    @Override
+    public Object visit(ASTGuard node, Object data) {
+        return visit((JavaNode) node, data);
+    }
+
     // CPD-ON
 }

pmd-java/src/test/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/ast/Java17PreviewTreeDumpTest.java

@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ public class Java17PreviewTreeDumpTest extends BaseTreeDumpTest {
             }
         });
         Assert.assertTrue("Unexpected message: " + thrown.getMessage(),
-                thrown.getMessage().contains("Guarded patterns are only supported with JDK 17 Preview or JDK 18 Preview or JDK 19 Preview."));
+                thrown.getMessage().contains("Guarded patterns are only supported with JDK 17 Preview or JDK 18 Preview."));
     }
 
     @Test

pmd-java/src/test/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/ast/Java18PreviewTreeDumpTest.java

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ public class Java18PreviewTreeDumpTest extends BaseTreeDumpTest {
             }
         });
         Assert.assertTrue("Unexpected message: " + thrown.getMessage(),
-                thrown.getMessage().contains("Guarded patterns are only supported with JDK 17 Preview or JDK 18 Preview or JDK 19 Preview."));
+                thrown.getMessage().contains("Guarded patterns are only supported with JDK 17 Preview or JDK 18 Preview."));
     }
 
     @Test

pmd-java/src/test/java/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/ast/Java19PreviewTreeDumpTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+/*
+ * BSD-style license; for more info see http://pmd.sourceforge.net/license.html
+ */
+
+package net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.java.ast;
+
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.function.ThrowingRunnable;
+
+import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.ast.ParseException;
+import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.ast.test.BaseParsingHelper;
+import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.ast.test.BaseTreeDumpTest;
+import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.ast.test.RelevantAttributePrinter;
+import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.java.JavaParsingHelper;
+
+public class Java19PreviewTreeDumpTest extends BaseTreeDumpTest {
+    private final JavaParsingHelper java19p =
+            JavaParsingHelper.WITH_PROCESSING.withDefaultVersion("19-preview")
+                    .withResourceContext(Java19PreviewTreeDumpTest.class, "jdkversiontests/java19p/");
+    private final JavaParsingHelper java19 = java19p.withDefaultVersion("19");
+
+    public Java19PreviewTreeDumpTest() {
+        super(new RelevantAttributePrinter(), ".java");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BaseParsingHelper<?, ?> getParser() {
+        return java19p;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void dealingWithNullBeforeJava19Preview() {
+        ParseException thrown = Assert.assertThrows(ParseException.class, new ThrowingRunnable() {
+            @Override
+            public void run() throws Throwable {
+                java19.parseResource("DealingWithNull.java");
+            }
+        });
+        Assert.assertTrue("Unexpected message: " + thrown.getMessage(),
+                thrown.getMessage().contains("Null case labels in switch are only supported with JDK 17 Preview or JDK 18 Preview or JDK 19 Preview."));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void dealingWithNull() {
+        doTest("DealingWithNull");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void enhancedTypeCheckingSwitch() {
+        doTest("EnhancedTypeCheckingSwitch");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void exhaustiveSwitch() {
+        doTest("ExhaustiveSwitch");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void guardedAndParenthesizedPatternsBeforeJava19Preview() {
+        ParseException thrown = Assert.assertThrows(ParseException.class, new ThrowingRunnable() {
+            @Override
+            public void run() throws Throwable {
+                java19.parseResource("GuardedAndParenthesizedPatterns.java");
+            }
+        });
+        Assert.assertTrue("Unexpected message: " + thrown.getMessage(),
+                thrown.getMessage().contains("Pattern Matching in Switch is only supported with JDK 17 Preview or JDK 18 Preview or JDK 19 Preview."));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void guardedAndParenthesizedPatterns() {
+        doTest("GuardedAndParenthesizedPatterns");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void patternsInSwitchLabelsBeforeJava19Preview() {
+        ParseException thrown = Assert.assertThrows(ParseException.class, new ThrowingRunnable() {
+            @Override
+            public void run() throws Throwable {
+                java19.parseResource("PatternsInSwitchLabels.java");
+            }
+        });
+        Assert.assertTrue("Unexpected message: " + thrown.getMessage(),
+                thrown.getMessage().contains("Pattern Matching in Switch is only supported with JDK 17 Preview or JDK 18 Preview or JDK 19 Preview."));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void patternsInSwitchLabels() {
+        doTest("PatternsInSwitchLabels");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void refiningPatternsInSwitch() {
+        doTest("RefiningPatternsInSwitch");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void scopeOfPatternVariableDeclarations() {
+        doTest("ScopeOfPatternVariableDeclarations");
+    }
+}

pmd-java/src/test/resources/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/ast/jdkversiontests/java19p/DealingWithNull.java

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+/*
+ * BSD-style license; for more info see http://pmd.sourceforge.net/license.html
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @see <a href="https://openjdk.org/jeps/427">JEP 427: Pattern Matching for switch (Third Preview)</a>
+ */
+public class DealingWithNull {
+
+    static void testFooBar(String s) {
+        switch (s) {
+            case null         -> System.out.println("Oops");
+            case "Foo", "Bar" -> System.out.println("Great");
+            default           -> System.out.println("Ok");
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void testStringOrNull(Object o) {
+        switch (o) {
+            case null, String s -> System.out.println("String: " + s);
+            case default -> System.out.print("default case");
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void test(Object o) {
+        switch (o) {
+            case null     -> System.out.println("null!");
+            case String s -> System.out.println("String");
+            default       -> System.out.println("Something else");
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    static void test2(Object o) {
+        switch (o) {
+            case null      -> throw new NullPointerException();
+            case String s  -> System.out.println("String: "+s);
+            case Integer i -> System.out.println("Integer");
+            default  -> System.out.println("default");
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    static void test3(Object o) {
+        switch(o) {
+            case null: case String s: 
+                System.out.println("String, including null");
+                break;
+            default:
+                System.out.println("default case");
+                break;
+        }
+
+        switch(o) {
+            case null, String s -> System.out.println("String, including null");
+            default -> System.out.println("default case");
+        }
+
+        switch(o) {
+            case null: default: 
+                System.out.println("The rest (including null)");
+        }
+
+        switch(o) {
+            case null, default -> 
+                System.out.println("The rest (including null)");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        test("test");
+        test2(2);
+        try {
+            test2(null);
+        } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+            System.out.println(e);
+        }
+        test3(3);
+        test3("test");
+        test3(null);
+
+        testFooBar(null);
+        testFooBar("Foo");
+        testFooBar("Bar");
+        testFooBar("baz");
+
+        testStringOrNull(null);
+        testStringOrNull("some string");
+    }
+}

pmd-java/src/test/resources/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/ast/jdkversiontests/java19p/EnhancedTypeCheckingSwitch.java

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+/*
+ * BSD-style license; for more info see http://pmd.sourceforge.net/license.html
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @see <a href="https://openjdk.org/jeps/427">JEP 427: Pattern Matching for switch (Third Preview)</a>
+ */
+public class EnhancedTypeCheckingSwitch {
+
+
+    static void typeTester(Object o) {
+        switch (o) {
+            case null     -> System.out.println("null");
+            case String s -> System.out.println("String");
+            case Color c  -> System.out.println("Color with " + c.values().length + " values");
+            case Point p  -> System.out.println("Record class: " + p.toString());
+            case int[] ia -> System.out.println("Array of ints of length" + ia.length);
+            default       -> System.out.println("Something else");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        Object o = "test";
+        typeTester(o);
+    }
+}
+
+record Point(int i, int j) {}
+enum Color { RED, GREEN, BLUE; }

pmd-java/src/test/resources/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/ast/jdkversiontests/java19p/EnhancedTypeCheckingSwitch.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
++- CompilationUnit[@PackageName = "", @declarationsAreInDefaultPackage = true]
+   +- TypeDeclaration[]
+   |  +- ClassOrInterfaceDeclaration[@Abstract = false, @BinaryName = "EnhancedTypeCheckingSwitch", @Default = false, @Final = false, @Image = "EnhancedTypeCheckingSwitch", @Interface = false, @Local = false, @Modifiers = 1, @Native = false, @Nested = false, @NonSealed = false, @PackagePrivate = false, @Private = false, @Protected = false, @Public = true, @Sealed = false, @SimpleName = "EnhancedTypeCheckingSwitch", @Static = false, @Strictfp = false, @Synchronized = false, @Transient = false, @TypeKind = TypeKind.CLASS, @Volatile = false]
+   |     +- ClassOrInterfaceBody[@AnonymousInnerClass = false, @EnumChild = false]
+   |        +- ClassOrInterfaceBodyDeclaration[@AnonymousInnerClass = false, @EnumChild = false, @Kind = DeclarationKind.METHOD]
+   |        |  +- MethodDeclaration[@Abstract = false, @Arity = 1, @Default = false, @Final = false, @InterfaceMember = false, @Kind = MethodLikeKind.METHOD, @MethodName = "typeTester", @Modifiers = 16, @Name = "typeTester", @Native = false, @PackagePrivate = true, @Private = false, @Protected = false, @Public = false, @Static = true, @Strictfp = false, @Synchronized = false, @SyntacticallyAbstract = false, @SyntacticallyPublic = false, @Transient = false, @Void = true, @Volatile = false]
+   |        |     +- ResultType[@Void = true, @returnsArray = false]
+   |        |     +- MethodDeclarator[@Image = "typeTester", @ParameterCount = 1]
+   |        |     |  +- FormalParameters[@ParameterCount = 1, @Size = 1]
+   |        |     |     +- FormalParameter[@Abstract = false, @Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @Default = false, @ExplicitReceiverParameter = false, @Final = false, @Modifiers = 0, @Native = false, @PackagePrivate = true, @Private = false, @Protected = false, @Public = false, @Static = false, @Strictfp = false, @Synchronized = false, @Transient = false, @TypeInferred = false, @Varargs = false, @Volatile = false]
+   |        |     |        +- Type[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @ArrayType = false, @TypeImage = "Object"]
+   |        |     |        |  +- ReferenceType[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0]
+   |        |     |        |     +- ClassOrInterfaceType[@AnonymousClass = false, @Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @Image = "Object", @ReferenceToClassSameCompilationUnit = false]
+   |        |     |        +- VariableDeclaratorId[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @ArrayType = false, @ExceptionBlockParameter = false, @ExplicitReceiverParameter = false, @Field = false, @Final = false, @ForeachVariable = false, @FormalParameter = true, @Image = "o", @LambdaParameter = false, @LocalVariable = false, @Name = "o", @PatternBinding = false, @ResourceDeclaration = false, @TypeInferred = false, @VariableName = "o"]
+   |        |     +- Block[@containsComment = false]
+   |        |        +- BlockStatement[@Allocation = false]
+   |        |           +- Statement[]
+   |        |              +- SwitchStatement[@DefaultCase = true, @ExhaustiveEnumSwitch = false, @FallthroughSwitch = false]
+   |        |                 +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+   |        |                 |  +- PrimaryExpression[]
+   |        |                 |     +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+   |        |                 |        +- Name[@Image = "o"]
+   |        |                 +- SwitchLabeledExpression[]
+   |        |                 |  +- SwitchLabel[@Default = false]
+   |        |                 |  |  +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+   |        |                 |  |     +- PrimaryExpression[]
+   |        |                 |  |        +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+   |        |                 |  |           +- Literal[@CharLiteral = false, @DoubleLiteral = false, @EscapedStringLiteral = null, @FloatLiteral = false, @IntLiteral = false, @LongLiteral = false, @SingleCharacterStringLiteral = false, @StringLiteral = false, @TextBlock = false, @TextBlockContent = null, @ValueAsDouble = NaN, @ValueAsFloat = NaN, @ValueAsInt = 0, @ValueAsLong = 0]
+   |        |                 |  |              +- NullLiteral[]
+   |        |                 |  +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+   |        |                 |     +- PrimaryExpression[]
+   |        |                 |        +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+   |        |                 |        |  +- Name[@Image = "System.out.println"]
+   |        |                 |        +- PrimarySuffix[@ArgumentCount = 1, @Arguments = true, @ArrayDereference = false]
+   |        |                 |           +- Arguments[@ArgumentCount = 1, @Size = 1]
+   |        |                 |              +- ArgumentList[@Size = 1]
+   |        |                 |                 +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+   |        |                 |                    +- PrimaryExpression[]
+   |        |                 |                       +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+   |        |                 |                          +- Literal[@CharLiteral = false, @DoubleLiteral = false, @EscapedStringLiteral = "\"null\"", @FloatLiteral = false, @Image = "\"null\"", @IntLiteral = false, @LongLiteral = false, @SingleCharacterStringLiteral = false, @StringLiteral = true, @TextBlock = false, @TextBlockContent = "\"null\"", @ValueAsDouble = NaN, @ValueAsFloat = NaN, @ValueAsInt = 0, @ValueAsLong = 0]
+   |        |                 +- SwitchLabeledExpression[]
+   |        |                 |  +- SwitchLabel[@Default = false]
+   |        |                 |  |  +- TypePattern[@ParenthesisDepth = 0]
+   |        |                 |  |     +- Type[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @ArrayType = false, @TypeImage = "String"]
+   |        |                 |  |     |  +- ReferenceType[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0]
+   |        |                 |  |     |     +- ClassOrInterfaceType[@AnonymousClass = false, @Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @Image = "String", @ReferenceToClassSameCompilationUnit = false]
+   |        |                 |  |     +- VariableDeclaratorId[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @ArrayType = false, @ExceptionBlockParameter = false, @ExplicitReceiverParameter = false, @Field = false, @Final = false, @ForeachVariable = false, @FormalParameter = false, @Image = "s", @LambdaParameter = false, @LocalVariable = false, @Name = "s", @PatternBinding = true, @ResourceDeclaration = false, @TypeInferred = false, @VariableName = "s"]
+   |        |                 |  +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+   |        |                 |     +- PrimaryExpression[]
+   |        |                 |        +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+   |        |                 |        |  +- Name[@Image = "System.out.println"]
+   |        |                 |        +- PrimarySuffix[@ArgumentCount = 1, @Arguments = true, @ArrayDereference = false]
+   |        |                 |           +- Arguments[@ArgumentCount = 1, @Size = 1]
+   |        |                 |              +- ArgumentList[@Size = 1]
+   |        |                 |                 +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+   |        |                 |                    +- PrimaryExpression[]
+   |        |                 |                       +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+   |        |                 |                          +- Literal[@CharLiteral = false, @DoubleLiteral = false, @EscapedStringLiteral = "\"String\"", @FloatLiteral = false, @Image = "\"String\"", @IntLiteral = false, @LongLiteral = false, @SingleCharacterStringLiteral = false, @StringLiteral = true, @TextBlock = false, @TextBlockContent = "\"String\"", @ValueAsDouble = NaN, @ValueAsFloat = NaN, @ValueAsInt = 0, @ValueAsLong = 0]
+   |        |                 +- SwitchLabeledExpression[]
+   |        |                 |  +- SwitchLabel[@Default = false]
+   |        |                 |  |  +- TypePattern[@ParenthesisDepth = 0]
+   |        |                 |  |     +- Type[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @ArrayType = false, @TypeImage = "Color"]
+   |        |                 |  |     |  +- ReferenceType[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0]
+   |        |                 |  |     |     +- ClassOrInterfaceType[@AnonymousClass = false, @Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @Image = "Color", @ReferenceToClassSameCompilationUnit = true]
+   |        |                 |  |     +- VariableDeclaratorId[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @ArrayType = false, @ExceptionBlockParameter = false, @ExplicitReceiverParameter = false, @Field = false, @Final = false, @ForeachVariable = false, @FormalParameter = false, @Image = "c", @LambdaParameter = false, @LocalVariable = false, @Name = "c", @PatternBinding = true, @ResourceDeclaration = false, @TypeInferred = false, @VariableName = "c"]
+   |        |                 |  +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+   |        |                 |     +- PrimaryExpression[]
+   |        |                 |        +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+   |        |                 |        |  +- Name[@Image = "System.out.println"]
+   |        |                 |        +- PrimarySuffix[@ArgumentCount = 1, @Arguments = true, @ArrayDereference = false]
+   |        |                 |           +- Arguments[@ArgumentCount = 1, @Size = 1]
+   |        |                 |              +- ArgumentList[@Size = 1]
+   |        |                 |                 +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+   |        |                 |                    +- AdditiveExpression[@Image = "+", @Operator = "+"]
+   |        |                 |                       +- PrimaryExpression[]
+   |        |                 |                       |  +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+   |        |                 |                       |     +- Literal[@CharLiteral = false, @DoubleLiteral = false, @EscapedStringLiteral = "\"Color with \"", @FloatLiteral = false, @Image = "\"Color with \"", @IntLiteral = false, @LongLiteral = false, @SingleCharacterStringLiteral = false, @StringLiteral = true, @TextBlock = false, @TextBlockContent = "\"Color with \"", @ValueAsDouble = NaN, @ValueAsFloat = NaN, @ValueAsInt = 0, @ValueAsLong = 0]
+   |        |                 |                       +- PrimaryExpression[]
+   |        |                 |                       |  +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+   |        |                 |                       |  |  +- Name[@Image = "c.values"]
+   |        |                 |                       |  +- PrimarySuffix[@ArgumentCount = 0, @Arguments = true, @ArrayDereference = false]
+   |        |                 |                       |  |  +- Arguments[@ArgumentCount = 0, @Size = 0]
+   |        |                 |                       |  +- PrimarySuffix[@ArgumentCount = -1, @Arguments = false, @ArrayDereference = false, @Image = "length"]
+   |        |                 |                       +- PrimaryExpression[]
+   |        |                 |                          +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+   |        |                 |                             +- Literal[@CharLiteral = false, @DoubleLiteral = false, @EscapedStringLiteral = "\" values\"", @FloatLiteral = false, @Image = "\" values\"", @IntLiteral = false, @LongLiteral = false, @SingleCharacterStringLiteral = false, @StringLiteral = true, @TextBlock = false, @TextBlockContent = "\" values\"", @ValueAsDouble = NaN, @ValueAsFloat = NaN, @ValueAsInt = 0, @ValueAsLong = 0]
+   |        |                 +- SwitchLabeledExpression[]
+   |        |                 |  +- SwitchLabel[@Default = false]
+   |        |                 |  |  +- TypePattern[@ParenthesisDepth = 0]
+   |        |                 |  |     +- Type[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @ArrayType = false, @TypeImage = "Point"]
+   |        |                 |  |     |  +- ReferenceType[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0]
+   |        |                 |  |     |     +- ClassOrInterfaceType[@AnonymousClass = false, @Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @Image = "Point", @ReferenceToClassSameCompilationUnit = false]
+   |        |                 |  |     +- VariableDeclaratorId[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @ArrayType = false, @ExceptionBlockParameter = false, @ExplicitReceiverParameter = false, @Field = false, @Final = false, @ForeachVariable = false, @FormalParameter = false, @Image = "p", @LambdaParameter = false, @LocalVariable = false, @Name = "p", @PatternBinding = true, @ResourceDeclaration = false, @TypeInferred = false, @VariableName = "p"]
+   |        |                 |  +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+   |        |                 |     +- PrimaryExpression[]
+   |        |                 |        +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+   |        |                 |        |  +- Name[@Image = "System.out.println"]
+   |        |                 |        +- PrimarySuffix[@ArgumentCount = 1, @Arguments = true, @ArrayDereference = false]
+   |        |                 |           +- Arguments[@ArgumentCount = 1, @Size = 1]
+   |        |                 |              +- ArgumentList[@Size = 1]
+   |        |                 |                 +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+   |        |                 |                    +- AdditiveExpression[@Image = "+", @Operator = "+"]
+   |        |                 |                       +- PrimaryExpression[]
+   |        |                 |                       |  +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+   |        |                 |                       |     +- Literal[@CharLiteral = false, @DoubleLiteral = false, @EscapedStringLiteral = "\"Record class: \"", @FloatLiteral = false, @Image = "\"Record class: \"", @IntLiteral = false, @LongLiteral = false, @SingleCharacterStringLiteral = false, @StringLiteral = true, @TextBlock = false, @TextBlockContent = "\"Record class: \"", @ValueAsDouble = NaN, @ValueAsFloat = NaN, @ValueAsInt = 0, @ValueAsLong = 0]
+   |        |                 |                       +- PrimaryExpression[]
+   |        |                 |                          +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+   |        |                 |                          |  +- Name[@Image = "p.toString"]
+   |        |                 |                          +- PrimarySuffix[@ArgumentCount = 0, @Arguments = true, @ArrayDereference = false]
+   |        |                 |                             +- Arguments[@ArgumentCount = 0, @Size = 0]
+   |        |                 +- SwitchLabeledExpression[]
+   |        |                 |  +- SwitchLabel[@Default = false]
+   |        |                 |  |  +- TypePattern[@ParenthesisDepth = 0]
+   |        |                 |  |     +- Type[@Array = true, @ArrayDepth = 1, @ArrayType = true, @TypeImage = "int"]
+   |        |                 |  |     |  +- ReferenceType[@Array = true, @ArrayDepth = 1]
+   |        |                 |  |     |     +- PrimitiveType[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @Boolean = false, @Image = "int"]
+   |        |                 |  |     +- VariableDeclaratorId[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @ArrayType = true, @ExceptionBlockParameter = false, @ExplicitReceiverParameter = false, @Field = false, @Final = false, @ForeachVariable = false, @FormalParameter = false, @Image = "ia", @LambdaParameter = false, @LocalVariable = false, @Name = "ia", @PatternBinding = true, @ResourceDeclaration = false, @TypeInferred = false, @VariableName = "ia"]
+   |        |                 |  +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+   |        |                 |     +- PrimaryExpression[]
+   |        |                 |        +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+   |        |                 |        |  +- Name[@Image = "System.out.println"]
+   |        |                 |        +- PrimarySuffix[@ArgumentCount = 1, @Arguments = true, @ArrayDereference = false]
+   |        |                 |           +- Arguments[@ArgumentCount = 1, @Size = 1]
+   |        |                 |              +- ArgumentList[@Size = 1]
+   |        |                 |                 +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+   |        |                 |                    +- AdditiveExpression[@Image = "+", @Operator = "+"]
+   |        |                 |                       +- PrimaryExpression[]
+   |        |                 |                       |  +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+   |        |                 |                       |     +- Literal[@CharLiteral = false, @DoubleLiteral = false, @EscapedStringLiteral = "\"Array of ints of length\"", @FloatLiteral = false, @Image = "\"Array of ints of length\"", @IntLiteral = false, @LongLiteral = false, @SingleCharacterStringLiteral = false, @StringLiteral = true, @TextBlock = false, @TextBlockContent = "\"Array of ints of length\"", @ValueAsDouble = NaN, @ValueAsFloat = NaN, @ValueAsInt = 0, @ValueAsLong = 0]
+   |        |                 |                       +- PrimaryExpression[]
+   |        |                 |                          +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+   |        |                 |                             +- Name[@Image = "ia.length"]
+   |        |                 +- SwitchLabeledExpression[]
+   |        |                    +- SwitchLabel[@Default = true]
+   |        |                    +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+   |        |                       +- PrimaryExpression[]
+   |        |                          +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+   |        |                          |  +- Name[@Image = "System.out.println"]
+   |        |                          +- PrimarySuffix[@ArgumentCount = 1, @Arguments = true, @ArrayDereference = false]
+   |        |                             +- Arguments[@ArgumentCount = 1, @Size = 1]
+   |        |                                +- ArgumentList[@Size = 1]
+   |        |                                   +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+   |        |                                      +- PrimaryExpression[]
+   |        |                                         +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+   |        |                                            +- Literal[@CharLiteral = false, @DoubleLiteral = false, @EscapedStringLiteral = "\"Something else\"", @FloatLiteral = false, @Image = "\"Something else\"", @IntLiteral = false, @LongLiteral = false, @SingleCharacterStringLiteral = false, @StringLiteral = true, @TextBlock = false, @TextBlockContent = "\"Something else\"", @ValueAsDouble = NaN, @ValueAsFloat = NaN, @ValueAsInt = 0, @ValueAsLong = 0]
+   |        +- ClassOrInterfaceBodyDeclaration[@AnonymousInnerClass = false, @EnumChild = false, @Kind = DeclarationKind.METHOD]
+   |           +- MethodDeclaration[@Abstract = false, @Arity = 1, @Default = false, @Final = false, @InterfaceMember = false, @Kind = MethodLikeKind.METHOD, @MethodName = "main", @Modifiers = 17, @Name = "main", @Native = false, @PackagePrivate = false, @Private = false, @Protected = false, @Public = true, @Static = true, @Strictfp = false, @Synchronized = false, @SyntacticallyAbstract = false, @SyntacticallyPublic = true, @Transient = false, @Void = true, @Volatile = false]
+   |              +- ResultType[@Void = true, @returnsArray = false]
+   |              +- MethodDeclarator[@Image = "main", @ParameterCount = 1]
+   |              |  +- FormalParameters[@ParameterCount = 1, @Size = 1]
+   |              |     +- FormalParameter[@Abstract = false, @Array = true, @ArrayDepth = 1, @Default = false, @ExplicitReceiverParameter = false, @Final = false, @Modifiers = 0, @Native = false, @PackagePrivate = true, @Private = false, @Protected = false, @Public = false, @Static = false, @Strictfp = false, @Synchronized = false, @Transient = false, @TypeInferred = false, @Varargs = false, @Volatile = false]
+   |              |        +- Type[@Array = true, @ArrayDepth = 1, @ArrayType = true, @TypeImage = "String"]
+   |              |        |  +- ReferenceType[@Array = true, @ArrayDepth = 1]
+   |              |        |     +- ClassOrInterfaceType[@AnonymousClass = false, @Array = true, @ArrayDepth = 1, @Image = "String", @ReferenceToClassSameCompilationUnit = false]
+   |              |        +- VariableDeclaratorId[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @ArrayType = true, @ExceptionBlockParameter = false, @ExplicitReceiverParameter = false, @Field = false, @Final = false, @ForeachVariable = false, @FormalParameter = true, @Image = "args", @LambdaParameter = false, @LocalVariable = false, @Name = "args", @PatternBinding = false, @ResourceDeclaration = false, @TypeInferred = false, @VariableName = "args"]
+   |              +- Block[@containsComment = false]
+   |                 +- BlockStatement[@Allocation = false]
+   |                 |  +- LocalVariableDeclaration[@Abstract = false, @Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @Default = false, @Final = false, @Modifiers = 0, @Native = false, @PackagePrivate = true, @Private = false, @Protected = false, @Public = false, @Static = false, @Strictfp = false, @Synchronized = false, @Transient = false, @TypeInferred = false, @VariableName = "o", @Volatile = false]
+   |                 |     +- Type[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @ArrayType = false, @TypeImage = "Object"]
+   |                 |     |  +- ReferenceType[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0]
+   |                 |     |     +- ClassOrInterfaceType[@AnonymousClass = false, @Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @Image = "Object", @ReferenceToClassSameCompilationUnit = false]
+   |                 |     +- VariableDeclarator[@Initializer = true, @Name = "o"]
+   |                 |        +- VariableDeclaratorId[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @ArrayType = false, @ExceptionBlockParameter = false, @ExplicitReceiverParameter = false, @Field = false, @Final = false, @ForeachVariable = false, @FormalParameter = false, @Image = "o", @LambdaParameter = false, @LocalVariable = true, @Name = "o", @PatternBinding = false, @ResourceDeclaration = false, @TypeInferred = false, @VariableName = "o"]
+   |                 |        +- VariableInitializer[]
+   |                 |           +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+   |                 |              +- PrimaryExpression[]
+   |                 |                 +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+   |                 |                    +- Literal[@CharLiteral = false, @DoubleLiteral = false, @EscapedStringLiteral = "\"test\"", @FloatLiteral = false, @Image = "\"test\"", @IntLiteral = false, @LongLiteral = false, @SingleCharacterStringLiteral = false, @StringLiteral = true, @TextBlock = false, @TextBlockContent = "\"test\"", @ValueAsDouble = NaN, @ValueAsFloat = NaN, @ValueAsInt = 0, @ValueAsLong = 0]
+   |                 +- BlockStatement[@Allocation = false]
+   |                    +- Statement[]
+   |                       +- StatementExpression[]
+   |                          +- PrimaryExpression[]
+   |                             +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+   |                             |  +- Name[@Image = "typeTester"]
+   |                             +- PrimarySuffix[@ArgumentCount = 1, @Arguments = true, @ArrayDereference = false]
+   |                                +- Arguments[@ArgumentCount = 1, @Size = 1]
+   |                                   +- ArgumentList[@Size = 1]
+   |                                      +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+   |                                         +- PrimaryExpression[]
+   |                                            +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+   |                                               +- Name[@Image = "o"]
+   +- TypeDeclaration[]
+   |  +- RecordDeclaration[@Abstract = false, @BinaryName = "Point", @Default = false, @Final = true, @Image = "Point", @Local = false, @Modifiers = 0, @Native = false, @Nested = false, @PackagePrivate = true, @Private = false, @Protected = false, @Public = false, @SimpleName = "Point", @Static = false, @Strictfp = false, @Synchronized = false, @SyntacticallyFinal = false, @Transient = false, @TypeKind = TypeKind.RECORD, @Volatile = false]
+   |     +- RecordComponentList[@Size = 2]
+   |     |  +- RecordComponent[@Varargs = false]
+   |     |  |  +- Type[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @ArrayType = false, @TypeImage = "int"]
+   |     |  |  |  +- PrimitiveType[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @Boolean = false, @Image = "int"]
+   |     |  |  +- VariableDeclaratorId[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @ArrayType = false, @ExceptionBlockParameter = false, @ExplicitReceiverParameter = false, @Field = false, @Final = true, @ForeachVariable = false, @FormalParameter = false, @Image = "i", @LambdaParameter = false, @LocalVariable = false, @Name = "i", @PatternBinding = false, @ResourceDeclaration = false, @TypeInferred = false, @VariableName = "i"]
+   |     |  +- RecordComponent[@Varargs = false]
+   |     |     +- Type[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @ArrayType = false, @TypeImage = "int"]
+   |     |     |  +- PrimitiveType[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @Boolean = false, @Image = "int"]
+   |     |     +- VariableDeclaratorId[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @ArrayType = false, @ExceptionBlockParameter = false, @ExplicitReceiverParameter = false, @Field = false, @Final = true, @ForeachVariable = false, @FormalParameter = false, @Image = "j", @LambdaParameter = false, @LocalVariable = false, @Name = "j", @PatternBinding = false, @ResourceDeclaration = false, @TypeInferred = false, @VariableName = "j"]
+   |     +- RecordBody[]
+   +- TypeDeclaration[]
+      +- EnumDeclaration[@Abstract = false, @BinaryName = "Color", @Default = false, @Final = false, @Image = "Color", @Local = false, @Modifiers = 0, @Native = false, @Nested = false, @PackagePrivate = true, @Private = false, @Protected = false, @Public = false, @SimpleName = "Color", @Static = false, @Strictfp = false, @Synchronized = false, @Transient = false, @TypeKind = TypeKind.ENUM, @Volatile = false]
+         +- EnumBody[]
+            +- EnumConstant[@AnonymousClass = false, @Image = "RED"]
+            +- EnumConstant[@AnonymousClass = false, @Image = "GREEN"]
+            +- EnumConstant[@AnonymousClass = false, @Image = "BLUE"]

pmd-java/src/test/resources/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/ast/jdkversiontests/java19p/ExhaustiveSwitch.java

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+/*
+ * BSD-style license; for more info see http://pmd.sourceforge.net/license.html
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @see <a href="https://openjdk.org/jeps/427">JEP 427: Pattern Matching for switch (Third Preview)</a>
+ */
+public class ExhaustiveSwitch {
+
+    static int coverage(Object o) {
+        return switch (o) {
+            case String s  -> s.length();
+            case Integer i -> i;
+            default -> 0;
+        };
+    }
+
+    static int coverageDefaultCase(Object o) {
+        return switch (o) {
+            case String s  -> s.length();
+            case Integer i -> i;
+            case default -> 0;
+        };
+    }
+
+    static void coverageStatement(Object o) {
+        switch (o) {
+            case String s:
+                System.out.println(s);
+                break;
+            case Integer i:
+                System.out.println("Integer");
+                break;
+            default:    // Now exhaustive!
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    sealed interface S permits A, B, C {}
+    final static class A implements S {}
+    final static class B implements S {}
+    record C(int i) implements S {}  // Implicitly final
+
+    static int testSealedExhaustive(S s) {
+        return switch (s) {
+            case A a -> 1;
+            case B b -> 2;
+            case C c -> 3;
+        };
+    }
+
+    static void switchStatementExhaustive(S s) {
+        switch (s) {
+            case A a :
+                System.out.println("A");
+                break;
+            case C c :
+                System.out.println("C");
+                break;
+            default:
+                System.out.println("default case, should be B");
+                break;
+        };
+    }
+    sealed interface I<T> permits E, F {}
+    final static class E<X> implements I<String> {}
+    final static class F<Y> implements I<Y> {}
+
+    static int testGenericSealedExhaustive(I<Integer> i) {
+        return switch (i) {
+            // Exhaustive as no E case possible!  
+            case F<Integer> bi -> 42;
+        };
+    }
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        System.out.println(coverage("a string"));
+        System.out.println(coverage(42));
+        System.out.println(coverage(new Object()));
+
+        coverageStatement("a string");
+        coverageStatement(21);
+        coverageStatement(new Object());
+
+        System.out.println("A:" + testSealedExhaustive(new A()));
+        System.out.println("B:" + testSealedExhaustive(new B()));
+        System.out.println("C:" + testSealedExhaustive(new C(1)));
+
+        switchStatementExhaustive(new A());
+        switchStatementExhaustive(new B());
+        switchStatementExhaustive(new C(2));
+
+        System.out.println("F:" + testGenericSealedExhaustive(new F<Integer>()));
+    }
+}

pmd-java/src/test/resources/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/ast/jdkversiontests/java19p/GuardedAndParenthesizedPatterns.java

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*
+ * BSD-style license; for more info see http://pmd.sourceforge.net/license.html
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @see <a href="https://openjdk.org/jeps/427">JEP 427: Pattern Matching for switch (Third Preview)</a>
+ */
+public class GuardedAndParenthesizedPatterns {
+
+
+    static void test(Object o) {
+        switch (o) {
+            case String s when s.length() == 1    -> System.out.println("single char string");
+            case String s                         -> System.out.println("string");
+            case Integer i when i.intValue() == 1 -> System.out.println("integer 1");
+            case (Long l) when l.longValue() == 1L -> System.out.println("long 1 with parens");
+            case (((Double d)))                   -> System.out.println("double with parens");
+            default                               -> System.out.println("default case");
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void testWithNull(Object o) {
+        switch (o) {
+            case String s when (s.length() == 1)    -> System.out.println("single char string");
+            case String s                           -> System.out.println("string");
+            case (Integer i) when i.intValue() == 1 -> System.out.println("integer 1");
+            case ((Long l)) when ((l.longValue() == 1L)) -> System.out.println("long 1 with parens");
+            case (((Double d)))                   -> System.out.println("double with parens");
+            case null   -> System.out.println("null!");
+            default                               -> System.out.println("default case");
+        }
+    }
+
+    
+    static void instanceOfPattern(Object o) {
+        if (o instanceof String s && s.length() > 2) {
+            System.out.println("A string containing at least two characters");
+        }
+        if (o != null && (o instanceof String s && s.length() > 3)) {
+            System.out.println("A string containing at least three characters");
+        }
+
+        // note: with this 3rd preview, the following is not allowed anymore:
+        // if (o instanceof (String s && s.length() > 4)) {
+        //  > An alternative to guarded pattern labels is to support guarded patterns directly as a special pattern form,
+        //  > e.g. p && e. Having experimented with this in previous previews, the resulting ambiguity with boolean
+        //  > expressions have lead us to prefer when clauses in pattern switches.
+        if ((o instanceof String s) && (s.length() > 4)) {
+            System.out.println("A string containing at least four characters");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        test("a");
+        test("fooo");
+        test(1);
+        test(1L);
+        instanceOfPattern("abcde");
+        try {
+            test(null); // throws NPE
+        } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+        testWithNull(null);
+    }
+}

pmd-java/src/test/resources/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/ast/jdkversiontests/java19p/PatternsInSwitchLabels.java

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/*
+ * BSD-style license; for more info see http://pmd.sourceforge.net/license.html
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @see <a href="https://openjdk.org/jeps/427">JEP 427: Pattern Matching for switch (Third Preview)</a>
+ */
+public class PatternsInSwitchLabels {
+
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        Object o = 123L;
+        String formatted = switch (o) {
+            case Integer i -> String.format("int %d", i);
+            case Long l    -> String.format("long %d", l);
+            case Double d  -> String.format("double %f", d);
+            case String s  -> String.format("String %s", s);
+            default        -> o.toString();
+        };
+        System.out.println(formatted);
+    }
+}

pmd-java/src/test/resources/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/ast/jdkversiontests/java19p/PatternsInSwitchLabels.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
++- CompilationUnit[@PackageName = "", @declarationsAreInDefaultPackage = true]
+   +- TypeDeclaration[]
+      +- ClassOrInterfaceDeclaration[@Abstract = false, @BinaryName = "PatternsInSwitchLabels", @Default = false, @Final = false, @Image = "PatternsInSwitchLabels", @Interface = false, @Local = false, @Modifiers = 1, @Native = false, @Nested = false, @NonSealed = false, @PackagePrivate = false, @Private = false, @Protected = false, @Public = true, @Sealed = false, @SimpleName = "PatternsInSwitchLabels", @Static = false, @Strictfp = false, @Synchronized = false, @Transient = false, @TypeKind = TypeKind.CLASS, @Volatile = false]
+         +- ClassOrInterfaceBody[@AnonymousInnerClass = false, @EnumChild = false]
+            +- ClassOrInterfaceBodyDeclaration[@AnonymousInnerClass = false, @EnumChild = false, @Kind = DeclarationKind.METHOD]
+               +- MethodDeclaration[@Abstract = false, @Arity = 1, @Default = false, @Final = false, @InterfaceMember = false, @Kind = MethodLikeKind.METHOD, @MethodName = "main", @Modifiers = 17, @Name = "main", @Native = false, @PackagePrivate = false, @Private = false, @Protected = false, @Public = true, @Static = true, @Strictfp = false, @Synchronized = false, @SyntacticallyAbstract = false, @SyntacticallyPublic = true, @Transient = false, @Void = true, @Volatile = false]
+                  +- ResultType[@Void = true, @returnsArray = false]
+                  +- MethodDeclarator[@Image = "main", @ParameterCount = 1]
+                  |  +- FormalParameters[@ParameterCount = 1, @Size = 1]
+                  |     +- FormalParameter[@Abstract = false, @Array = true, @ArrayDepth = 1, @Default = false, @ExplicitReceiverParameter = false, @Final = false, @Modifiers = 0, @Native = false, @PackagePrivate = true, @Private = false, @Protected = false, @Public = false, @Static = false, @Strictfp = false, @Synchronized = false, @Transient = false, @TypeInferred = false, @Varargs = false, @Volatile = false]
+                  |        +- Type[@Array = true, @ArrayDepth = 1, @ArrayType = true, @TypeImage = "String"]
+                  |        |  +- ReferenceType[@Array = true, @ArrayDepth = 1]
+                  |        |     +- ClassOrInterfaceType[@AnonymousClass = false, @Array = true, @ArrayDepth = 1, @Image = "String", @ReferenceToClassSameCompilationUnit = false]
+                  |        +- VariableDeclaratorId[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @ArrayType = true, @ExceptionBlockParameter = false, @ExplicitReceiverParameter = false, @Field = false, @Final = false, @ForeachVariable = false, @FormalParameter = true, @Image = "args", @LambdaParameter = false, @LocalVariable = false, @Name = "args", @PatternBinding = false, @ResourceDeclaration = false, @TypeInferred = false, @VariableName = "args"]
+                  +- Block[@containsComment = false]
+                     +- BlockStatement[@Allocation = false]
+                     |  +- LocalVariableDeclaration[@Abstract = false, @Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @Default = false, @Final = false, @Modifiers = 0, @Native = false, @PackagePrivate = true, @Private = false, @Protected = false, @Public = false, @Static = false, @Strictfp = false, @Synchronized = false, @Transient = false, @TypeInferred = false, @VariableName = "o", @Volatile = false]
+                     |     +- Type[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @ArrayType = false, @TypeImage = "Object"]
+                     |     |  +- ReferenceType[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0]
+                     |     |     +- ClassOrInterfaceType[@AnonymousClass = false, @Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @Image = "Object", @ReferenceToClassSameCompilationUnit = false]
+                     |     +- VariableDeclarator[@Initializer = true, @Name = "o"]
+                     |        +- VariableDeclaratorId[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @ArrayType = false, @ExceptionBlockParameter = false, @ExplicitReceiverParameter = false, @Field = false, @Final = false, @ForeachVariable = false, @FormalParameter = false, @Image = "o", @LambdaParameter = false, @LocalVariable = true, @Name = "o", @PatternBinding = false, @ResourceDeclaration = false, @TypeInferred = false, @VariableName = "o"]
+                     |        +- VariableInitializer[]
+                     |           +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = true]
+                     |              +- PrimaryExpression[]
+                     |                 +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+                     |                    +- Literal[@CharLiteral = false, @DoubleLiteral = false, @EscapedStringLiteral = "123L", @FloatLiteral = false, @Image = "123L", @IntLiteral = false, @LongLiteral = true, @SingleCharacterStringLiteral = false, @StringLiteral = false, @TextBlock = false, @TextBlockContent = "123L", @ValueAsDouble = NaN, @ValueAsFloat = NaN, @ValueAsInt = 123, @ValueAsLong = 123]
+                     +- BlockStatement[@Allocation = false]
+                     |  +- LocalVariableDeclaration[@Abstract = false, @Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @Default = false, @Final = false, @Modifiers = 0, @Native = false, @PackagePrivate = true, @Private = false, @Protected = false, @Public = false, @Static = false, @Strictfp = false, @Synchronized = false, @Transient = false, @TypeInferred = false, @VariableName = "formatted", @Volatile = false]
+                     |     +- Type[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @ArrayType = false, @TypeImage = "String"]
+                     |     |  +- ReferenceType[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0]
+                     |     |     +- ClassOrInterfaceType[@AnonymousClass = false, @Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @Image = "String", @ReferenceToClassSameCompilationUnit = false]
+                     |     +- VariableDeclarator[@Initializer = true, @Name = "formatted"]
+                     |        +- VariableDeclaratorId[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @ArrayType = false, @ExceptionBlockParameter = false, @ExplicitReceiverParameter = false, @Field = false, @Final = false, @ForeachVariable = false, @FormalParameter = false, @Image = "formatted", @LambdaParameter = false, @LocalVariable = true, @Name = "formatted", @PatternBinding = false, @ResourceDeclaration = false, @TypeInferred = false, @VariableName = "formatted"]
+                     |        +- VariableInitializer[]
+                     |           +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+                     |              +- SwitchExpression[]
+                     |                 +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+                     |                 |  +- PrimaryExpression[]
+                     |                 |     +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+                     |                 |        +- Name[@Image = "o"]
+                     |                 +- SwitchLabeledExpression[]
+                     |                 |  +- SwitchLabel[@Default = false]
+                     |                 |  |  +- TypePattern[@ParenthesisDepth = 0]
+                     |                 |  |     +- Type[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @ArrayType = false, @TypeImage = "Integer"]
+                     |                 |  |     |  +- ReferenceType[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0]
+                     |                 |  |     |     +- ClassOrInterfaceType[@AnonymousClass = false, @Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @Image = "Integer", @ReferenceToClassSameCompilationUnit = false]
+                     |                 |  |     +- VariableDeclaratorId[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @ArrayType = false, @ExceptionBlockParameter = false, @ExplicitReceiverParameter = false, @Field = false, @Final = false, @ForeachVariable = false, @FormalParameter = false, @Image = "i", @LambdaParameter = false, @LocalVariable = false, @Name = "i", @PatternBinding = true, @ResourceDeclaration = false, @TypeInferred = false, @VariableName = "i"]
+                     |                 |  +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+                     |                 |     +- PrimaryExpression[]
+                     |                 |        +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+                     |                 |        |  +- Name[@Image = "String.format"]
+                     |                 |        +- PrimarySuffix[@ArgumentCount = 2, @Arguments = true, @ArrayDereference = false]
+                     |                 |           +- Arguments[@ArgumentCount = 2, @Size = 2]
+                     |                 |              +- ArgumentList[@Size = 2]
+                     |                 |                 +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+                     |                 |                 |  +- PrimaryExpression[]
+                     |                 |                 |     +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+                     |                 |                 |        +- Literal[@CharLiteral = false, @DoubleLiteral = false, @EscapedStringLiteral = "\"int %d\"", @FloatLiteral = false, @Image = "\"int %d\"", @IntLiteral = false, @LongLiteral = false, @SingleCharacterStringLiteral = false, @StringLiteral = true, @TextBlock = false, @TextBlockContent = "\"int %d\"", @ValueAsDouble = NaN, @ValueAsFloat = NaN, @ValueAsInt = 0, @ValueAsLong = 0]
+                     |                 |                 +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+                     |                 |                    +- PrimaryExpression[]
+                     |                 |                       +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+                     |                 |                          +- Name[@Image = "i"]
+                     |                 +- SwitchLabeledExpression[]
+                     |                 |  +- SwitchLabel[@Default = false]
+                     |                 |  |  +- TypePattern[@ParenthesisDepth = 0]
+                     |                 |  |     +- Type[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @ArrayType = false, @TypeImage = "Long"]
+                     |                 |  |     |  +- ReferenceType[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0]
+                     |                 |  |     |     +- ClassOrInterfaceType[@AnonymousClass = false, @Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @Image = "Long", @ReferenceToClassSameCompilationUnit = false]
+                     |                 |  |     +- VariableDeclaratorId[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @ArrayType = false, @ExceptionBlockParameter = false, @ExplicitReceiverParameter = false, @Field = false, @Final = false, @ForeachVariable = false, @FormalParameter = false, @Image = "l", @LambdaParameter = false, @LocalVariable = false, @Name = "l", @PatternBinding = true, @ResourceDeclaration = false, @TypeInferred = false, @VariableName = "l"]
+                     |                 |  +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+                     |                 |     +- PrimaryExpression[]
+                     |                 |        +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+                     |                 |        |  +- Name[@Image = "String.format"]
+                     |                 |        +- PrimarySuffix[@ArgumentCount = 2, @Arguments = true, @ArrayDereference = false]
+                     |                 |           +- Arguments[@ArgumentCount = 2, @Size = 2]
+                     |                 |              +- ArgumentList[@Size = 2]
+                     |                 |                 +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+                     |                 |                 |  +- PrimaryExpression[]
+                     |                 |                 |     +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+                     |                 |                 |        +- Literal[@CharLiteral = false, @DoubleLiteral = false, @EscapedStringLiteral = "\"long %d\"", @FloatLiteral = false, @Image = "\"long %d\"", @IntLiteral = false, @LongLiteral = false, @SingleCharacterStringLiteral = false, @StringLiteral = true, @TextBlock = false, @TextBlockContent = "\"long %d\"", @ValueAsDouble = NaN, @ValueAsFloat = NaN, @ValueAsInt = 0, @ValueAsLong = 0]
+                     |                 |                 +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+                     |                 |                    +- PrimaryExpression[]
+                     |                 |                       +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+                     |                 |                          +- Name[@Image = "l"]
+                     |                 +- SwitchLabeledExpression[]
+                     |                 |  +- SwitchLabel[@Default = false]
+                     |                 |  |  +- TypePattern[@ParenthesisDepth = 0]
+                     |                 |  |     +- Type[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @ArrayType = false, @TypeImage = "Double"]
+                     |                 |  |     |  +- ReferenceType[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0]
+                     |                 |  |     |     +- ClassOrInterfaceType[@AnonymousClass = false, @Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @Image = "Double", @ReferenceToClassSameCompilationUnit = false]
+                     |                 |  |     +- VariableDeclaratorId[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @ArrayType = false, @ExceptionBlockParameter = false, @ExplicitReceiverParameter = false, @Field = false, @Final = false, @ForeachVariable = false, @FormalParameter = false, @Image = "d", @LambdaParameter = false, @LocalVariable = false, @Name = "d", @PatternBinding = true, @ResourceDeclaration = false, @TypeInferred = false, @VariableName = "d"]
+                     |                 |  +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+                     |                 |     +- PrimaryExpression[]
+                     |                 |        +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+                     |                 |        |  +- Name[@Image = "String.format"]
+                     |                 |        +- PrimarySuffix[@ArgumentCount = 2, @Arguments = true, @ArrayDereference = false]
+                     |                 |           +- Arguments[@ArgumentCount = 2, @Size = 2]
+                     |                 |              +- ArgumentList[@Size = 2]
+                     |                 |                 +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+                     |                 |                 |  +- PrimaryExpression[]
+                     |                 |                 |     +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+                     |                 |                 |        +- Literal[@CharLiteral = false, @DoubleLiteral = false, @EscapedStringLiteral = "\"double %f\"", @FloatLiteral = false, @Image = "\"double %f\"", @IntLiteral = false, @LongLiteral = false, @SingleCharacterStringLiteral = false, @StringLiteral = true, @TextBlock = false, @TextBlockContent = "\"double %f\"", @ValueAsDouble = NaN, @ValueAsFloat = NaN, @ValueAsInt = 0, @ValueAsLong = 0]
+                     |                 |                 +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+                     |                 |                    +- PrimaryExpression[]
+                     |                 |                       +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+                     |                 |                          +- Name[@Image = "d"]
+                     |                 +- SwitchLabeledExpression[]
+                     |                 |  +- SwitchLabel[@Default = false]
+                     |                 |  |  +- TypePattern[@ParenthesisDepth = 0]
+                     |                 |  |     +- Type[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @ArrayType = false, @TypeImage = "String"]
+                     |                 |  |     |  +- ReferenceType[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0]
+                     |                 |  |     |     +- ClassOrInterfaceType[@AnonymousClass = false, @Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @Image = "String", @ReferenceToClassSameCompilationUnit = false]
+                     |                 |  |     +- VariableDeclaratorId[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @ArrayType = false, @ExceptionBlockParameter = false, @ExplicitReceiverParameter = false, @Field = false, @Final = false, @ForeachVariable = false, @FormalParameter = false, @Image = "s", @LambdaParameter = false, @LocalVariable = false, @Name = "s", @PatternBinding = true, @ResourceDeclaration = false, @TypeInferred = false, @VariableName = "s"]
+                     |                 |  +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+                     |                 |     +- PrimaryExpression[]
+                     |                 |        +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+                     |                 |        |  +- Name[@Image = "String.format"]
+                     |                 |        +- PrimarySuffix[@ArgumentCount = 2, @Arguments = true, @ArrayDereference = false]
+                     |                 |           +- Arguments[@ArgumentCount = 2, @Size = 2]
+                     |                 |              +- ArgumentList[@Size = 2]
+                     |                 |                 +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+                     |                 |                 |  +- PrimaryExpression[]
+                     |                 |                 |     +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+                     |                 |                 |        +- Literal[@CharLiteral = false, @DoubleLiteral = false, @EscapedStringLiteral = "\"String %s\"", @FloatLiteral = false, @Image = "\"String %s\"", @IntLiteral = false, @LongLiteral = false, @SingleCharacterStringLiteral = false, @StringLiteral = true, @TextBlock = false, @TextBlockContent = "\"String %s\"", @ValueAsDouble = NaN, @ValueAsFloat = NaN, @ValueAsInt = 0, @ValueAsLong = 0]
+                     |                 |                 +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+                     |                 |                    +- PrimaryExpression[]
+                     |                 |                       +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+                     |                 |                          +- Name[@Image = "s"]
+                     |                 +- SwitchLabeledExpression[]
+                     |                    +- SwitchLabel[@Default = true]
+                     |                    +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+                     |                       +- PrimaryExpression[]
+                     |                          +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+                     |                          |  +- Name[@Image = "o.toString"]
+                     |                          +- PrimarySuffix[@ArgumentCount = 0, @Arguments = true, @ArrayDereference = false]
+                     |                             +- Arguments[@ArgumentCount = 0, @Size = 0]
+                     +- BlockStatement[@Allocation = false]
+                        +- Statement[]
+                           +- StatementExpression[]
+                              +- PrimaryExpression[]
+                                 +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+                                 |  +- Name[@Image = "System.out.println"]
+                                 +- PrimarySuffix[@ArgumentCount = 1, @Arguments = true, @ArrayDereference = false]
+                                    +- Arguments[@ArgumentCount = 1, @Size = 1]
+                                       +- ArgumentList[@Size = 1]
+                                          +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+                                             +- PrimaryExpression[]
+                                                +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+                                                   +- Name[@Image = "formatted"]

pmd-java/src/test/resources/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/ast/jdkversiontests/java19p/RefiningPatternsInSwitch.java

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+/*
+ * BSD-style license; for more info see http://pmd.sourceforge.net/license.html
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @see <a href="https://openjdk.org/jeps/427">JEP 427: Pattern Matching for switch (Third Preview)</a>
+ */
+public class RefiningPatternsInSwitch {
+
+    static class Shape {}
+    static class Rectangle extends Shape {}
+    static class Triangle  extends Shape {
+        private int area;
+        Triangle(int area) {
+            this.area = area;
+        }
+        int calculateArea() { return area; }
+    }
+
+    static void testTriangle(Shape s) {
+        switch (s) {
+            case null:
+                break;
+            case Triangle t:
+                if (t.calculateArea() > 100) {
+                    System.out.println("Large triangle");
+                    break;
+                }
+            default:
+                System.out.println("A shape, possibly a small triangle");
+        }
+    }
+    
+    static void testTriangleRefined(Shape s) {
+        switch (s) {
+            case Triangle t when t.calculateArea() > 100 ->
+                System.out.println("Large triangle");
+            default ->
+                System.out.println("A shape, possibly a small triangle");
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void testTriangleRefined2(Shape s) {
+        switch (s) {
+            case Triangle t  when t.calculateArea() > 100 ->
+                System.out.println("Large triangle");
+            case Triangle t ->
+                System.out.println("Small triangle");
+            default ->
+                System.out.println("Non-triangle");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        Triangle large = new Triangle(200);
+        Triangle small = new Triangle(10);
+        Rectangle rect = new Rectangle();
+
+        testTriangle(large);
+        testTriangle(small);
+        testTriangle(rect);
+
+        testTriangleRefined(large);
+        testTriangleRefined(small);
+        testTriangleRefined(rect);
+
+        testTriangleRefined2(large);
+        testTriangleRefined2(small);
+        testTriangleRefined2(rect);
+    }
+}

pmd-java/src/test/resources/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/ast/jdkversiontests/java19p/ScopeOfPatternVariableDeclarations.java

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*
+ * BSD-style license; for more info see http://pmd.sourceforge.net/license.html
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @see <a href="https://openjdk.org/jeps/427">JEP 427: Pattern Matching for switch (Third Preview)</a>
+ */
+public class ScopeOfPatternVariableDeclarations {
+
+
+    static void test(Object o) {
+        switch (o) {
+            case Character c -> {
+                if (c.charValue() == 7) {
+                    System.out.println("Ding!");
+                }
+                System.out.println("Character");
+            }
+            case Integer i ->
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid Integer argument of value " + i.intValue());
+            default -> {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    static void test2(Object o) {
+        switch (o) {
+            case Character c:
+                if (c.charValue() == 7) {
+                    System.out.print("Ding ");
+                }
+                if (c.charValue() == 9) {
+                    System.out.print("Tab ");
+                }
+                System.out.println("character");
+            default:
+                System.out.println();
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        test('A');
+        test2('\t');
+    }
+}

pmd-java/src/test/resources/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/java/ast/jdkversiontests/java19p/ScopeOfPatternVariableDeclarations.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
++- CompilationUnit[@PackageName = "", @declarationsAreInDefaultPackage = true]
+   +- TypeDeclaration[]
+      +- ClassOrInterfaceDeclaration[@Abstract = false, @BinaryName = "ScopeOfPatternVariableDeclarations", @Default = false, @Final = false, @Image = "ScopeOfPatternVariableDeclarations", @Interface = false, @Local = false, @Modifiers = 1, @Native = false, @Nested = false, @NonSealed = false, @PackagePrivate = false, @Private = false, @Protected = false, @Public = true, @Sealed = false, @SimpleName = "ScopeOfPatternVariableDeclarations", @Static = false, @Strictfp = false, @Synchronized = false, @Transient = false, @TypeKind = TypeKind.CLASS, @Volatile = false]
+         +- ClassOrInterfaceBody[@AnonymousInnerClass = false, @EnumChild = false]
+            +- ClassOrInterfaceBodyDeclaration[@AnonymousInnerClass = false, @EnumChild = false, @Kind = DeclarationKind.METHOD]
+            |  +- MethodDeclaration[@Abstract = false, @Arity = 1, @Default = false, @Final = false, @InterfaceMember = false, @Kind = MethodLikeKind.METHOD, @MethodName = "test", @Modifiers = 16, @Name = "test", @Native = false, @PackagePrivate = true, @Private = false, @Protected = false, @Public = false, @Static = true, @Strictfp = false, @Synchronized = false, @SyntacticallyAbstract = false, @SyntacticallyPublic = false, @Transient = false, @Void = true, @Volatile = false]
+            |     +- ResultType[@Void = true, @returnsArray = false]
+            |     +- MethodDeclarator[@Image = "test", @ParameterCount = 1]
+            |     |  +- FormalParameters[@ParameterCount = 1, @Size = 1]
+            |     |     +- FormalParameter[@Abstract = false, @Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @Default = false, @ExplicitReceiverParameter = false, @Final = false, @Modifiers = 0, @Native = false, @PackagePrivate = true, @Private = false, @Protected = false, @Public = false, @Static = false, @Strictfp = false, @Synchronized = false, @Transient = false, @TypeInferred = false, @Varargs = false, @Volatile = false]
+            |     |        +- Type[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @ArrayType = false, @TypeImage = "Object"]
+            |     |        |  +- ReferenceType[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0]
+            |     |        |     +- ClassOrInterfaceType[@AnonymousClass = false, @Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @Image = "Object", @ReferenceToClassSameCompilationUnit = false]
+            |     |        +- VariableDeclaratorId[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @ArrayType = false, @ExceptionBlockParameter = false, @ExplicitReceiverParameter = false, @Field = false, @Final = false, @ForeachVariable = false, @FormalParameter = true, @Image = "o", @LambdaParameter = false, @LocalVariable = false, @Name = "o", @PatternBinding = false, @ResourceDeclaration = false, @TypeInferred = false, @VariableName = "o"]
+            |     +- Block[@containsComment = false]
+            |        +- BlockStatement[@Allocation = true]
+            |           +- Statement[]
+            |              +- SwitchStatement[@DefaultCase = true, @ExhaustiveEnumSwitch = false, @FallthroughSwitch = false]
+            |                 +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+            |                 |  +- PrimaryExpression[]
+            |                 |     +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+            |                 |        +- Name[@Image = "o"]
+            |                 +- SwitchLabeledBlock[]
+            |                 |  +- SwitchLabel[@Default = false]
+            |                 |  |  +- TypePattern[@ParenthesisDepth = 0]
+            |                 |  |     +- Type[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @ArrayType = false, @TypeImage = "Character"]
+            |                 |  |     |  +- ReferenceType[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0]
+            |                 |  |     |     +- ClassOrInterfaceType[@AnonymousClass = false, @Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @Image = "Character", @ReferenceToClassSameCompilationUnit = false]
+            |                 |  |     +- VariableDeclaratorId[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @ArrayType = false, @ExceptionBlockParameter = false, @ExplicitReceiverParameter = false, @Field = false, @Final = false, @ForeachVariable = false, @FormalParameter = false, @Image = "c", @LambdaParameter = false, @LocalVariable = false, @Name = "c", @PatternBinding = true, @ResourceDeclaration = false, @TypeInferred = false, @VariableName = "c"]
+            |                 |  +- Block[@containsComment = false]
+            |                 |     +- BlockStatement[@Allocation = false]
+            |                 |     |  +- Statement[]
+            |                 |     |     +- IfStatement[@Else = false]
+            |                 |     |        +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+            |                 |     |        |  +- EqualityExpression[@Image = "==", @Operator = "=="]
+            |                 |     |        |     +- PrimaryExpression[]
+            |                 |     |        |     |  +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+            |                 |     |        |     |  |  +- Name[@Image = "c.charValue"]
+            |                 |     |        |     |  +- PrimarySuffix[@ArgumentCount = 0, @Arguments = true, @ArrayDereference = false]
+            |                 |     |        |     |     +- Arguments[@ArgumentCount = 0, @Size = 0]
+            |                 |     |        |     +- PrimaryExpression[]
+            |                 |     |        |        +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+            |                 |     |        |           +- Literal[@CharLiteral = false, @DoubleLiteral = false, @EscapedStringLiteral = "7", @FloatLiteral = false, @Image = "7", @IntLiteral = true, @LongLiteral = false, @SingleCharacterStringLiteral = false, @StringLiteral = false, @TextBlock = false, @TextBlockContent = "7", @ValueAsDouble = NaN, @ValueAsFloat = NaN, @ValueAsInt = 7, @ValueAsLong = 7]
+            |                 |     |        +- Statement[]
+            |                 |     |           +- Block[@containsComment = false]
+            |                 |     |              +- BlockStatement[@Allocation = false]
+            |                 |     |                 +- Statement[]
+            |                 |     |                    +- StatementExpression[]
+            |                 |     |                       +- PrimaryExpression[]
+            |                 |     |                          +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+            |                 |     |                          |  +- Name[@Image = "System.out.println"]
+            |                 |     |                          +- PrimarySuffix[@ArgumentCount = 1, @Arguments = true, @ArrayDereference = false]
+            |                 |     |                             +- Arguments[@ArgumentCount = 1, @Size = 1]
+            |                 |     |                                +- ArgumentList[@Size = 1]
+            |                 |     |                                   +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+            |                 |     |                                      +- PrimaryExpression[]
+            |                 |     |                                         +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+            |                 |     |                                            +- Literal[@CharLiteral = false, @DoubleLiteral = false, @EscapedStringLiteral = "\"Ding!\"", @FloatLiteral = false, @Image = "\"Ding!\"", @IntLiteral = false, @LongLiteral = false, @SingleCharacterStringLiteral = false, @StringLiteral = true, @TextBlock = false, @TextBlockContent = "\"Ding!\"", @ValueAsDouble = NaN, @ValueAsFloat = NaN, @ValueAsInt = 0, @ValueAsLong = 0]
+            |                 |     +- BlockStatement[@Allocation = false]
+            |                 |        +- Statement[]
+            |                 |           +- StatementExpression[]
+            |                 |              +- PrimaryExpression[]
+            |                 |                 +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+            |                 |                 |  +- Name[@Image = "System.out.println"]
+            |                 |                 +- PrimarySuffix[@ArgumentCount = 1, @Arguments = true, @ArrayDereference = false]
+            |                 |                    +- Arguments[@ArgumentCount = 1, @Size = 1]
+            |                 |                       +- ArgumentList[@Size = 1]
+            |                 |                          +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+            |                 |                             +- PrimaryExpression[]
+            |                 |                                +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+            |                 |                                   +- Literal[@CharLiteral = false, @DoubleLiteral = false, @EscapedStringLiteral = "\"Character\"", @FloatLiteral = false, @Image = "\"Character\"", @IntLiteral = false, @LongLiteral = false, @SingleCharacterStringLiteral = false, @StringLiteral = true, @TextBlock = false, @TextBlockContent = "\"Character\"", @ValueAsDouble = NaN, @ValueAsFloat = NaN, @ValueAsInt = 0, @ValueAsLong = 0]
+            |                 +- SwitchLabeledThrowStatement[]
+            |                 |  +- SwitchLabel[@Default = false]
+            |                 |  |  +- TypePattern[@ParenthesisDepth = 0]
+            |                 |  |     +- Type[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @ArrayType = false, @TypeImage = "Integer"]
+            |                 |  |     |  +- ReferenceType[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0]
+            |                 |  |     |     +- ClassOrInterfaceType[@AnonymousClass = false, @Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @Image = "Integer", @ReferenceToClassSameCompilationUnit = false]
+            |                 |  |     +- VariableDeclaratorId[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @ArrayType = false, @ExceptionBlockParameter = false, @ExplicitReceiverParameter = false, @Field = false, @Final = false, @ForeachVariable = false, @FormalParameter = false, @Image = "i", @LambdaParameter = false, @LocalVariable = false, @Name = "i", @PatternBinding = true, @ResourceDeclaration = false, @TypeInferred = false, @VariableName = "i"]
+            |                 |  +- ThrowStatement[@FirstClassOrInterfaceTypeImage = "IllegalStateException"]
+            |                 |     +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+            |                 |        +- PrimaryExpression[]
+            |                 |           +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+            |                 |              +- AllocationExpression[@AnonymousClass = false]
+            |                 |                 +- ClassOrInterfaceType[@AnonymousClass = false, @Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @Image = "IllegalStateException", @ReferenceToClassSameCompilationUnit = false]
+            |                 |                 +- Arguments[@ArgumentCount = 1, @Size = 1]
+            |                 |                    +- ArgumentList[@Size = 1]
+            |                 |                       +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+            |                 |                          +- AdditiveExpression[@Image = "+", @Operator = "+"]
+            |                 |                             +- PrimaryExpression[]
+            |                 |                             |  +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+            |                 |                             |     +- Literal[@CharLiteral = false, @DoubleLiteral = false, @EscapedStringLiteral = "\"Invalid Integer argument of value \"", @FloatLiteral = false, @Image = "\"Invalid Integer argument of value \"", @IntLiteral = false, @LongLiteral = false, @SingleCharacterStringLiteral = false, @StringLiteral = true, @TextBlock = false, @TextBlockContent = "\"Invalid Integer argument of value \"", @ValueAsDouble = NaN, @ValueAsFloat = NaN, @ValueAsInt = 0, @ValueAsLong = 0]
+            |                 |                             +- PrimaryExpression[]
+            |                 |                                +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+            |                 |                                |  +- Name[@Image = "i.intValue"]
+            |                 |                                +- PrimarySuffix[@ArgumentCount = 0, @Arguments = true, @ArrayDereference = false]
+            |                 |                                   +- Arguments[@ArgumentCount = 0, @Size = 0]
+            |                 +- SwitchLabeledBlock[]
+            |                    +- SwitchLabel[@Default = true]
+            |                    +- Block[@containsComment = false]
+            |                       +- BlockStatement[@Allocation = false]
+            |                          +- Statement[]
+            |                             +- BreakStatement[]
+            +- ClassOrInterfaceBodyDeclaration[@AnonymousInnerClass = false, @EnumChild = false, @Kind = DeclarationKind.METHOD]
+            |  +- MethodDeclaration[@Abstract = false, @Arity = 1, @Default = false, @Final = false, @InterfaceMember = false, @Kind = MethodLikeKind.METHOD, @MethodName = "test2", @Modifiers = 16, @Name = "test2", @Native = false, @PackagePrivate = true, @Private = false, @Protected = false, @Public = false, @Static = true, @Strictfp = false, @Synchronized = false, @SyntacticallyAbstract = false, @SyntacticallyPublic = false, @Transient = false, @Void = true, @Volatile = false]
+            |     +- ResultType[@Void = true, @returnsArray = false]
+            |     +- MethodDeclarator[@Image = "test2", @ParameterCount = 1]
+            |     |  +- FormalParameters[@ParameterCount = 1, @Size = 1]
+            |     |     +- FormalParameter[@Abstract = false, @Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @Default = false, @ExplicitReceiverParameter = false, @Final = false, @Modifiers = 0, @Native = false, @PackagePrivate = true, @Private = false, @Protected = false, @Public = false, @Static = false, @Strictfp = false, @Synchronized = false, @Transient = false, @TypeInferred = false, @Varargs = false, @Volatile = false]
+            |     |        +- Type[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @ArrayType = false, @TypeImage = "Object"]
+            |     |        |  +- ReferenceType[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0]
+            |     |        |     +- ClassOrInterfaceType[@AnonymousClass = false, @Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @Image = "Object", @ReferenceToClassSameCompilationUnit = false]
+            |     |        +- VariableDeclaratorId[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @ArrayType = false, @ExceptionBlockParameter = false, @ExplicitReceiverParameter = false, @Field = false, @Final = false, @ForeachVariable = false, @FormalParameter = true, @Image = "o", @LambdaParameter = false, @LocalVariable = false, @Name = "o", @PatternBinding = false, @ResourceDeclaration = false, @TypeInferred = false, @VariableName = "o"]
+            |     +- Block[@containsComment = false]
+            |        +- BlockStatement[@Allocation = false]
+            |           +- Statement[]
+            |              +- SwitchStatement[@DefaultCase = true, @ExhaustiveEnumSwitch = false, @FallthroughSwitch = true]
+            |                 +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+            |                 |  +- PrimaryExpression[]
+            |                 |     +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+            |                 |        +- Name[@Image = "o"]
+            |                 +- SwitchLabel[@Default = false]
+            |                 |  +- TypePattern[@ParenthesisDepth = 0]
+            |                 |     +- Type[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @ArrayType = false, @TypeImage = "Character"]
+            |                 |     |  +- ReferenceType[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0]
+            |                 |     |     +- ClassOrInterfaceType[@AnonymousClass = false, @Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @Image = "Character", @ReferenceToClassSameCompilationUnit = false]
+            |                 |     +- VariableDeclaratorId[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @ArrayType = false, @ExceptionBlockParameter = false, @ExplicitReceiverParameter = false, @Field = false, @Final = false, @ForeachVariable = false, @FormalParameter = false, @Image = "c", @LambdaParameter = false, @LocalVariable = false, @Name = "c", @PatternBinding = true, @ResourceDeclaration = false, @TypeInferred = false, @VariableName = "c"]
+            |                 +- BlockStatement[@Allocation = false]
+            |                 |  +- Statement[]
+            |                 |     +- IfStatement[@Else = false]
+            |                 |        +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+            |                 |        |  +- EqualityExpression[@Image = "==", @Operator = "=="]
+            |                 |        |     +- PrimaryExpression[]
+            |                 |        |     |  +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+            |                 |        |     |  |  +- Name[@Image = "c.charValue"]
+            |                 |        |     |  +- PrimarySuffix[@ArgumentCount = 0, @Arguments = true, @ArrayDereference = false]
+            |                 |        |     |     +- Arguments[@ArgumentCount = 0, @Size = 0]
+            |                 |        |     +- PrimaryExpression[]
+            |                 |        |        +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+            |                 |        |           +- Literal[@CharLiteral = false, @DoubleLiteral = false, @EscapedStringLiteral = "7", @FloatLiteral = false, @Image = "7", @IntLiteral = true, @LongLiteral = false, @SingleCharacterStringLiteral = false, @StringLiteral = false, @TextBlock = false, @TextBlockContent = "7", @ValueAsDouble = NaN, @ValueAsFloat = NaN, @ValueAsInt = 7, @ValueAsLong = 7]
+            |                 |        +- Statement[]
+            |                 |           +- Block[@containsComment = false]
+            |                 |              +- BlockStatement[@Allocation = false]
+            |                 |                 +- Statement[]
+            |                 |                    +- StatementExpression[]
+            |                 |                       +- PrimaryExpression[]
+            |                 |                          +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+            |                 |                          |  +- Name[@Image = "System.out.print"]
+            |                 |                          +- PrimarySuffix[@ArgumentCount = 1, @Arguments = true, @ArrayDereference = false]
+            |                 |                             +- Arguments[@ArgumentCount = 1, @Size = 1]
+            |                 |                                +- ArgumentList[@Size = 1]
+            |                 |                                   +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+            |                 |                                      +- PrimaryExpression[]
+            |                 |                                         +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+            |                 |                                            +- Literal[@CharLiteral = false, @DoubleLiteral = false, @EscapedStringLiteral = "\"Ding \"", @FloatLiteral = false, @Image = "\"Ding \"", @IntLiteral = false, @LongLiteral = false, @SingleCharacterStringLiteral = false, @StringLiteral = true, @TextBlock = false, @TextBlockContent = "\"Ding \"", @ValueAsDouble = NaN, @ValueAsFloat = NaN, @ValueAsInt = 0, @ValueAsLong = 0]
+            |                 +- BlockStatement[@Allocation = false]
+            |                 |  +- Statement[]
+            |                 |     +- IfStatement[@Else = false]
+            |                 |        +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+            |                 |        |  +- EqualityExpression[@Image = "==", @Operator = "=="]
+            |                 |        |     +- PrimaryExpression[]
+            |                 |        |     |  +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+            |                 |        |     |  |  +- Name[@Image = "c.charValue"]
+            |                 |        |     |  +- PrimarySuffix[@ArgumentCount = 0, @Arguments = true, @ArrayDereference = false]
+            |                 |        |     |     +- Arguments[@ArgumentCount = 0, @Size = 0]
+            |                 |        |     +- PrimaryExpression[]
+            |                 |        |        +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+            |                 |        |           +- Literal[@CharLiteral = false, @DoubleLiteral = false, @EscapedStringLiteral = "9", @FloatLiteral = false, @Image = "9", @IntLiteral = true, @LongLiteral = false, @SingleCharacterStringLiteral = false, @StringLiteral = false, @TextBlock = false, @TextBlockContent = "9", @ValueAsDouble = NaN, @ValueAsFloat = NaN, @ValueAsInt = 9, @ValueAsLong = 9]
+            |                 |        +- Statement[]
+            |                 |           +- Block[@containsComment = false]
+            |                 |              +- BlockStatement[@Allocation = false]
+            |                 |                 +- Statement[]
+            |                 |                    +- StatementExpression[]
+            |                 |                       +- PrimaryExpression[]
+            |                 |                          +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+            |                 |                          |  +- Name[@Image = "System.out.print"]
+            |                 |                          +- PrimarySuffix[@ArgumentCount = 1, @Arguments = true, @ArrayDereference = false]
+            |                 |                             +- Arguments[@ArgumentCount = 1, @Size = 1]
+            |                 |                                +- ArgumentList[@Size = 1]
+            |                 |                                   +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+            |                 |                                      +- PrimaryExpression[]
+            |                 |                                         +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+            |                 |                                            +- Literal[@CharLiteral = false, @DoubleLiteral = false, @EscapedStringLiteral = "\"Tab \"", @FloatLiteral = false, @Image = "\"Tab \"", @IntLiteral = false, @LongLiteral = false, @SingleCharacterStringLiteral = false, @StringLiteral = true, @TextBlock = false, @TextBlockContent = "\"Tab \"", @ValueAsDouble = NaN, @ValueAsFloat = NaN, @ValueAsInt = 0, @ValueAsLong = 0]
+            |                 +- BlockStatement[@Allocation = false]
+            |                 |  +- Statement[]
+            |                 |     +- StatementExpression[]
+            |                 |        +- PrimaryExpression[]
+            |                 |           +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+            |                 |           |  +- Name[@Image = "System.out.println"]
+            |                 |           +- PrimarySuffix[@ArgumentCount = 1, @Arguments = true, @ArrayDereference = false]
+            |                 |              +- Arguments[@ArgumentCount = 1, @Size = 1]
+            |                 |                 +- ArgumentList[@Size = 1]
+            |                 |                    +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = false]
+            |                 |                       +- PrimaryExpression[]
+            |                 |                          +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+            |                 |                             +- Literal[@CharLiteral = false, @DoubleLiteral = false, @EscapedStringLiteral = "\"character\"", @FloatLiteral = false, @Image = "\"character\"", @IntLiteral = false, @LongLiteral = false, @SingleCharacterStringLiteral = false, @StringLiteral = true, @TextBlock = false, @TextBlockContent = "\"character\"", @ValueAsDouble = NaN, @ValueAsFloat = NaN, @ValueAsInt = 0, @ValueAsLong = 0]
+            |                 +- SwitchLabel[@Default = true]
+            |                 +- BlockStatement[@Allocation = false]
+            |                    +- Statement[]
+            |                       +- StatementExpression[]
+            |                          +- PrimaryExpression[]
+            |                             +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+            |                             |  +- Name[@Image = "System.out.println"]
+            |                             +- PrimarySuffix[@ArgumentCount = 0, @Arguments = true, @ArrayDereference = false]
+            |                                +- Arguments[@ArgumentCount = 0, @Size = 0]
+            +- ClassOrInterfaceBodyDeclaration[@AnonymousInnerClass = false, @EnumChild = false, @Kind = DeclarationKind.METHOD]
+               +- MethodDeclaration[@Abstract = false, @Arity = 1, @Default = false, @Final = false, @InterfaceMember = false, @Kind = MethodLikeKind.METHOD, @MethodName = "main", @Modifiers = 17, @Name = "main", @Native = false, @PackagePrivate = false, @Private = false, @Protected = false, @Public = true, @Static = true, @Strictfp = false, @Synchronized = false, @SyntacticallyAbstract = false, @SyntacticallyPublic = true, @Transient = false, @Void = true, @Volatile = false]
+                  +- ResultType[@Void = true, @returnsArray = false]
+                  +- MethodDeclarator[@Image = "main", @ParameterCount = 1]
+                  |  +- FormalParameters[@ParameterCount = 1, @Size = 1]
+                  |     +- FormalParameter[@Abstract = false, @Array = true, @ArrayDepth = 1, @Default = false, @ExplicitReceiverParameter = false, @Final = false, @Modifiers = 0, @Native = false, @PackagePrivate = true, @Private = false, @Protected = false, @Public = false, @Static = false, @Strictfp = false, @Synchronized = false, @Transient = false, @TypeInferred = false, @Varargs = false, @Volatile = false]
+                  |        +- Type[@Array = true, @ArrayDepth = 1, @ArrayType = true, @TypeImage = "String"]
+                  |        |  +- ReferenceType[@Array = true, @ArrayDepth = 1]
+                  |        |     +- ClassOrInterfaceType[@AnonymousClass = false, @Array = true, @ArrayDepth = 1, @Image = "String", @ReferenceToClassSameCompilationUnit = false]
+                  |        +- VariableDeclaratorId[@Array = false, @ArrayDepth = 0, @ArrayType = true, @ExceptionBlockParameter = false, @ExplicitReceiverParameter = false, @Field = false, @Final = false, @ForeachVariable = false, @FormalParameter = true, @Image = "args", @LambdaParameter = false, @LocalVariable = false, @Name = "args", @PatternBinding = false, @ResourceDeclaration = false, @TypeInferred = false, @VariableName = "args"]
+                  +- Block[@containsComment = false]
+                     +- BlockStatement[@Allocation = false]
+                     |  +- Statement[]
+                     |     +- StatementExpression[]
+                     |        +- PrimaryExpression[]
+                     |           +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+                     |           |  +- Name[@Image = "test"]
+                     |           +- PrimarySuffix[@ArgumentCount = 1, @Arguments = true, @ArrayDereference = false]
+                     |              +- Arguments[@ArgumentCount = 1, @Size = 1]
+                     |                 +- ArgumentList[@Size = 1]
+                     |                    +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = true]
+                     |                       +- PrimaryExpression[]
+                     |                          +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+                     |                             +- Literal[@CharLiteral = true, @DoubleLiteral = false, @EscapedStringLiteral = "\'A\'", @FloatLiteral = false, @Image = "\'A\'", @IntLiteral = false, @LongLiteral = false, @SingleCharacterStringLiteral = false, @StringLiteral = false, @TextBlock = false, @TextBlockContent = "\'A\'", @ValueAsDouble = NaN, @ValueAsFloat = NaN, @ValueAsInt = 0, @ValueAsLong = 0]
+                     +- BlockStatement[@Allocation = false]
+                        +- Statement[]
+                           +- StatementExpression[]
+                              +- PrimaryExpression[]
+                                 +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+                                 |  +- Name[@Image = "test2"]
+                                 +- PrimarySuffix[@ArgumentCount = 1, @Arguments = true, @ArrayDereference = false]
+                                    +- Arguments[@ArgumentCount = 1, @Size = 1]
+                                       +- ArgumentList[@Size = 1]
+                                          +- Expression[@StandAlonePrimitive = true]
+                                             +- PrimaryExpression[]
+                                                +- PrimaryPrefix[@SuperModifier = false, @ThisModifier = false]
+                                                   +- Literal[@CharLiteral = true, @DoubleLiteral = false, @EscapedStringLiteral = "\'\\t\'", @FloatLiteral = false, @Image = "\'\\t\'", @IntLiteral = false, @LongLiteral = false, @SingleCharacterStringLiteral = false, @StringLiteral = false, @TextBlock = false, @TextBlockContent = "\'\\t\'", @ValueAsDouble = NaN, @ValueAsFloat = NaN, @ValueAsInt = 0, @ValueAsLong = 0]