315 lines
7.9 KiB
Markdown
315 lines
7.9 KiB
Markdown
## Debian12 安装 oracle11g
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---
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1. 查看系统版本
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2. 设置本地时区为上海
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```shell
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timedatectl
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apt-get install ntpdate
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timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
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ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com
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date
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```
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3. 检查当前系统版本号
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```shell
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root@debianPE:~# lsb_release -a
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No LSB modules are available.
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Distributor ID: Debian
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Description: Debian GNU/Linux 12 (bookworm)
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Release: 12
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Codename: bookworm
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```
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4. 安装必用软件
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```shell
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apt-get install -y vim net-tools
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```
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5. 配置虚拟内存
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```shell
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root@debianPE:~# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
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SwapTotal: 998396 kB
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root@debianPE:~# free -h
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total used free shared buff/cache available
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Mem: 1.9Gi 955Mi 400Mi 13Mi 784Mi 1.0Gi
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Swap: 974Mi 0B 974Mi
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root@debianPE:~# sudo swapoff -a
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root@debianPE:~# sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1G count=4
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4+0 records in
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4+0 records out
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4294967296 bytes (4.3 GB, 4.0 GiB) copied, 19.3218 s, 222 MB/s
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root@debianPE:~# sudo mkswap /swapfile
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mkswap: /swapfile: insecure permissions 0644, fix with: chmod 0600 /swapfile
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Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 4 GiB (4294963200 bytes)
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no label, UUID=24c39cae-4736-4bfb-90df-a0261c14efbe
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root@debianPE:~# sudo swapon /swapfile
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swapon: /swapfile: insecure permissions 0644, 0600 suggested.
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root@debianPE:~# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
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SwapTotal: 4194300 kB
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```
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6. Configuring the static IP address
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```shell
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进入图形界面配置
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```
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7. 验证主机名和用户信息
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```shell
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root@debianPE:~# hostnamectl
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Static hostname: debianPE
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Icon name: computer-vm
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Chassis: vm 🖴
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Machine ID: 49d85c389b8e4dc99e284730f244dfde
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Boot ID: 4f3ef4e224ba4715add5c52df2e54d67
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Virtualization: kvm
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Operating System: Debian GNU/Linux 12 (bookworm)
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Kernel: Linux 6.1.0-25-amd64
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Architecture: x86-64
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Hardware Vendor: QEMU
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Hardware Model: Standard PC _i440FX + PIIX, 1996_
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Firmware Version: rel-1.16.2-0-gea1b7a073390-prebuilt.qemu.org
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root@debianPE:~# groupadd oinstall
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root@debianPE:~# groupadd dba
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root@debianPE:~# mkdir -p /home/oracle
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root@debianPE:~# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
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root@debianPE:~# useradd -g oinstall -G dba -d /home/oracle -s /bin/bash oracle
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root@debianPE:~# passwd oracle
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New password:
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Retype new password:
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passwd: password updated successfully
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root@debianPE:~# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle
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root@debianPE:~# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
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root@debianPE:~# mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory
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root@debianPE:~# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oraInventory
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```
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8. 配置系统参数
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```shell
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root@debianPE:~# nano /etc/sysctl.conf
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vim /etc/sysctl.conf
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Append the lines shown below to the end of this configuration file.
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# ============================
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# Oracle 11g
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# ============================
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# semaphores: semmsl, semmns, semopm, semmni
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kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
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kernel.shmall = 2097152
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kernel.shmmni = 4096
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# Replace kernel.shmmax with the half of your memory size in bytes
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# if lower than 4 GB minus 1
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# 2147483648 is 2 GigaBytes (4 GB of RAM / 2)
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kernel.shmmax=2147483648
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#
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# Max number of network connections. Use sysctl -a | grep ip_local_port_range to check.
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net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
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#
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net.core.rmem_default = 262144
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net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
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net.core.wmem_default = 262144
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net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
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#
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# The maximum allowed value, set to avoid overhead and input/output errors
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fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
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# 512 * Processes
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fs.file-max = 6815744
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fs.suid_dumpable = 1
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#
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# To allow dba to allocate hugetlbfs pages
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# 1001 is your oinstall group, you can check this id with the grep oinstall /etc/group command
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vm.hugetlb_shm_group = 1001
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Apply the kernel parameters you have set:
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sysctl -p
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--------------------------
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root@debianPE:~# sysctl -p
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net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1
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net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1
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net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1
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kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
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kernel.shmall = 2097152
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kernel.shmmni = 4096
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kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
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net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
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net.core.rmem_default = 262144
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net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
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net.core.wmem_default = 262144
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net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
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fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
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fs.file-max = 6815744
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fs.suid_dumpable = 1
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vm.hugetlb_shm_group = 1001
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root@debianPE:~#
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```
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9. Set up limits.conf
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```shell
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Edit the /etc/security/limits.conf file:
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vim /etc/security/limits.conf
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Add the following lines to the end of the configuration file:
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# Oracle
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oracle soft nproc 2047
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oracle hard nproc 16384
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oracle soft nofile 1024
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oracle hard nofile 65536
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oracle soft stack 10240
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The first column specifies the user for whom the limits are set.
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```
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10. PAM configration
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```shell
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root@debianPE:~# cat /etc/pam.d/login | grep pam_limits.so
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session required pam_limits.so
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root@debianPE:~#
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```
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11. ### **Setting the shell profile**
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```shell
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Edit /etc/profile and set some needed parameters for oracle globally and permanently:
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vim /etc/profile
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Add the following lines:
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if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
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if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
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ulimit -p 16384
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ulimit -n 65536
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else
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ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
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fi
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fi
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Note: It is useful to know when each shell configuration file can be used because later you will need to configure a profile that contains environment variables for the oracle user.
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```
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12. ### **Installing the required packages**
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```shell
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按照手册详操作，比较复杂
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```
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13. ### **Creating symbolic links**
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```shell
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Run commands as root:
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mkdir /usr/lib64
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ln -s /etc /etc/rc.d
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ln -s /usr/bin/awk /bin/awk
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ln -s /usr/bin/basename /bin/basename
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ln -s /usr/bin/rpm /bin/rpm
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ln -s /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 /usr/lib64/
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ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a /usr/lib64/
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ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread_nonshared.a /usr/lib64/
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ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 /usr/lib64/
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ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu /usr/lib64
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ln -sf /bin/bash /bin/sh
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ln -s /etc/rc0.d /etc/rc.d/rc0.d
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ln -s /etc/rc2.d /etc/rc.d/rc2.d
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ln -s /etc/rc3.d /etc/rc.d/rc3.d
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ln -s /etc/rc4.d /etc/rc.d/rc4.d
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ln -s /etc/rc5.d /etc/rc.d/rc5.d
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ln -s /etc/rc6.d /etc/rc.d/rc6.d
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ln -s /etc/init.d /etc/rc.d/init.d
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The above commands help prevent errors, such as:
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genclntsh: Failed to link libclntsh.so.11.1 in make file for rdbms/lib/ins_rdbms.mk because of missing library: /usr/bin/ld: cannot find /usr/lib64/libpthread_nonshared.a inside
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lib//libagtsh.so: undefined reference to `nnfyboot’ in make: rdbms/lib/dg4odbc] Error 1
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Now let’s prevent one more error: /lib64/libgcc_s.so.1: File or directory does not exist, while creating lib/liborasdkbase.so.11.1 in ins_rdbms.mk. Go to the /lib64 directory and execute the command:
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cd /lib64
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ln -s /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 .
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Don’t miss the dot at the end of the command.
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Set the Linux version as Red Hat Linux release 5 in /etc/redhat-release. Red Hat Linux distributions store their version in that file.
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echo 'Red Hat Linux release 5' > /etc/redhat-release
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```
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14.
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